Wabash National
Annual Report 2016

Plain-text annual report

W a b a s h N a t i o n a l C o r p o r a t i o n 2 0 1 6 A n n u a l R e p o r t New Markets. New Innovation. New Growth. Annual Report 2016 Wabash National Corporation 1000 Sagamore Parkway South Lafayette, IN 47905 Dear Fellow Shareholders, As I look back on the past year, I’m extremely pleased by what the Wabash National team was able to accomplish. Following a year of record industry demand for total trailers in 2015, the operating environment in 2016 proved to be somewhat softer. Nonetheless the Wabash team delivered another outstanding year in almost all performance categories, delivering net income levels never before achieved. 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#(cid:10)(cid:4)(cid:19)(cid:10)(cid:6)(cid:5)7(’(cid:30)(cid:5)!(cid:10)(cid:28)(cid:20)(cid:5)(cid:27)(cid:24)(cid:5)!(cid:17)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:21)(cid:3)(cid:6)(cid:25)(cid:9)(cid:20)(cid:6)(cid:21)(cid:20)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:6)(cid:5)(cid:3)(cid:27)(cid:17)(cid:5)(cid:3)(cid:27)(cid:4)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:18)(cid:5)(cid:26)(cid:3)(cid:17)(cid:5)(cid:11)(cid:12)(cid:13)J(cid:5)(cid:16)(cid:6)(cid:9)(cid:5)(cid:29)(cid:20)(cid:8)(cid:3)(cid:6)(cid:9)8 Concluding Remarks In closing, I wish to extend special thanks and appreciation to our entire team of more than 6,000 associates who make up the Wabash National team across the globe for their outstanding efforts during the past year, and for their passion and commitment to take us to even greater levels of performance and achievement during the current year and beyond. 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Giromini Richard J. Giromini (cid:31)(cid:19)(cid:10)(cid:20)(cid:26) + (cid:20)(cid:21) (cid:4)(cid:10) (cid:20) *(cid:26)(cid:25)(cid:21)(cid:20)(cid:17) (cid:31)(cid:19)(cid:10)(cid:20)(cid:26)(cid:5)+9(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:27)(cid:4)(cid:10)(cid:28)(cid:20)(cid:5)*(cid:26)(cid:25)(cid:21)(cid:20)(cid:17) New Markets. New Innovation. New Growth. This page intentionally left blank. WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION 1000 Sagamore Parkway South Lafayette, Indiana 47905 NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS To Be Held On May 18, 2017 To the Stockholders of Wabash National Corporation: The 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Wabash National Corporation will be held at the Wabash National Corporation Ehrlich Innovation Center, located at 3233 Kossuth Street, Lafayette, IN 47904, on Thursday, May 18, 2017, at 10:00 a.m. local time for the following purposes: 1. To elect seven members of the Board of Directors from the nominees named in the accompanying proxy statement; 2. To hold an advisory vote on the compensation of our executive officers; 3. To hold an advisory vote on the frequency of advisory votes on the compensation of our executive officers; 4. To approve the Wabash National Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan; 5. To ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as Wabash National Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2017; and 6. To consider any other matters that properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. Management is currently not aware of any other business to come before the Annual Meeting. Each outstanding share of Wabash National Corporation (NYSE:WNC) Common Stock entitles the holder of record at the close of business on March 20, 2017, to receive notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement of the Annual Meeting. Shares of our Common Stock can be voted at the Annual Meeting only if the holder is present in person or by valid proxy. Management cordially invites you to attend the Annual Meeting. IF YOU PLAN TO ATTEND Please note that space limitations make it necessary to limit attendance to stockholders and one guest. Registration and seating will begin at 9:00 a.m. Stockholders holding stock in brokerage accounts (“street name” holders) will need to bring a copy of a brokerage statement reflecting stock ownership as of the record date. Cameras, recording devices and other electronic devices will not be permitted at the meeting. By Order of the Board of Directors April 6, 2017 ERIN J. ROTH Senior Vice President General Counsel and Corporate Secretary IMPORTANT: WHETHER OR NOT YOU EXPECT TO ATTEND IN PERSON, WE URGE YOU TO VOTE YOUR SHARES AT YOUR EARLIEST CONVENIENCE. THIS WILL ENSURE THE PRESENCE OF A QUORUM AT THE ANNUAL MEETING. PROMPTLY VOTING YOUR SHARES BY SIGNING, DATING AND RETURNING THE PROXY CARD MAILED WITH YOUR NOTICE, OR BY VOTING VIA THE INTERNET OR BY TELEPHONE, WILL SAVE US THE EXPENSE AND EXTRA WORK OF ADDITIONAL SOLICITATION. AN ADDRESSED ENVELOPE FOR WHICH NO POSTAGE IS REQUIRED IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES IS ENCLOSED WITH YOUR PROXY CARD. SUBMITTING YOUR PROXY NOW WILL NOT PREVENT YOU FROM VOTING YOUR SHARES AT THE MEETING IF YOU DESIRE TO DO SO, AS YOUR PROXY IS REVOCABLE AT YOUR OPTION. YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT, SO PLEASE ACT TODAY. TABLE OF CONTENTS PROXY STATEMENT Annual Meeting of Stockholders on May 18, 2017 ABOUT THE ANNUAL MEETING ............................................................................................................................5 PROPOSAL 1 Election of Directors .............................................................................................................................9 Corporate Governance Matters ................................................................................................................................. 9 Related Persons Transactions Policy ........................................................................................................................9 Director Independence ............................................................................................................................................11 Qualifications and Nomination of Director Candidates ..........................................................................................11 Information on Directors Standing for Election ......................................................................................................12 Meetings of the Board of Directors, its Leadership Structure and its Committees ............................................15 Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee ..........................................................................................16 Compensation Committee ..................................................................................................................................16 Audit Committee ................................................................................................................................................17 Board’s Role in Risk Oversight .........................................................................................................................18 Director Nomination Process .............................................................................................................................19 Communications with the Board of Directors ....................................................................................................19 Director Compensation ......................................................................................................................................20 Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance .............................................................................21 Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock ...........................................................................................................21 Executive Compensation Compensation Discussion and Analysis .............................................................................25 Executive Summary 2016 Financial Highlights ..........................................................................................................25 Best Practices ..........................................................................................................................................................26 Compensation Program Objectives and Philosophy ...............................................................................................27 Summary of Key Compensation Decisions and Outcomes for 2016 ......................................................................28 Our 2016 Say-on-Pay Vote ................................................................................................................................30 2016 Compensation Overview ...........................................................................................................................30 Philosophy and Objectives of Wabash National Compensation Program ..............................................................30 Compensation Methodology and Process Independent Review and Approval of Executive Compensation ..............33 The Role of the Compensation Committee’s Independent Compensation Consultant ...........................................33 Peer Group Analysis and Compensation Market Data ............................................................................................34 Direct Compensation Elements ..........................................................................................................................36 Base Salary .............................................................................................................................................................36 Short-Term Incentive Plan ......................................................................................................................................37 Long-Term Incentive Plan ......................................................................................................................................39 Executive Stock Ownership Guidelines and Insider Trading Policy..................................................................44 Deductibility Cap on Executive Compensation ................................................................................................. 45 Indirect Compensation Elements .......................................................................................................................45 Perquisites ...............................................................................................................................................................45 1 Retirement Benefits ................................................................................................................................................45 Deferred Compensation Benefits ............................................................................................................................46 Potential Payments Upon Change-in-Control and Other Potential Post-Employment Payments ...........................46 Compensation Committee Report ......................................................................................................................47 Executive Compensation Tables .............................................................................................................................48 Summary Compensation Table for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 ...........................................................48 Grants of Plan-Based Awards for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 .............................................................50 Narrative to Summary Compensation Table and Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table ..........................................52 Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End December 31, 2016 ................................................................53 Option Exercises and Stock Vested ...................................................................................................................55 Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation .............................................................................................................55 Potential Payments on Termination or Change-in-Control .....................................................................................56 Potential Payments on Termination or Change in Control – Payment and Benefit Estimates ................................62 Equity Compensation Plan Information ..................................................................................................................65 Restricted Stock Grants ..........................................................................................................................................65 PROPOSAL 2 Advisory Vote on the Compensation of Our Executive Officers ........................................................67 PROPOSAL 3 Advisory Vote on the Frequency of the Advisory Vote on the Compensation of Our Executive Officers ........................................................................................................................................................................70 PROPOSAL 4 Approval of the Wabash National Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan ...................................71 PROPOSAL 5 Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm .............................81 Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm ...................................................................................................81 Principal Accounting Fees and Services .................................................................................................................81 Pre-Approval Policy for Audit and Non-Audit Fees ...............................................................................................82 Audit Committee Report ....................................................................................................................................82 General Matters ...........................................................................................................................................................83 Availability of Certain Documents .........................................................................................................................83 Stockholder Proposals and Nominations ................................................................................................................83 Householding of Proxy Materials ...........................................................................................................................83 Directions to the Annual Meeting ...........................................................................................................................84 Other Matters ..........................................................................................................................................................84 2017 OMNIBUS INCENTIVE PLAN ............................................................................................................ Exhibit A 2 WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION 1000 Sagamore Parkway South Lafayette, Indiana 47905 PROXY STATEMENT Annual Meeting of Stockholders on May 18, 2017 This Proxy Statement is furnished on or about April 6, 2017 to stockholders of Wabash National Corporation (hereinafter, “we,” “us,” “Company,” “Wabash,” and “Wabash National”), 1000 Sagamore Parkway South, Lafayette, Indiana 47905, in connection with the solicitation by our Board of Directors of proxies to be voted at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held at the Wabash National Corporation Ehrlich Innovation Center, located at 3233 Kossuth Street, Lafayette, IN 47904, on Thursday, May 18, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. local time, (the “Annual Meeting”) and at any adjournments or postponements of the Annual Meeting. PROXY SUMMARY This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this Proxy Statement. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider, and you should read the entire Proxy Statement carefully before voting. Page references are supplied to help you find further information in this Proxy Statement. Annual Meeting of Stockholders Date and Time: 10:00 a.m. on Thursday, May 18, 2017, Eastern Daylight Time Location: Wabash National Corporation Ehrlich Innovation Center 3233 Kossuth Street, Lafayette, IN 47904 Record Date: March 20, 2017 Voting: Stockholders as of the record date are entitled to vote. Each share of Common Stock is entitled to one vote for each director nominee and one vote for each of the other proposals to be voted on. Voting Matters and Vote Recommendation (page 5) The following table summarizes the proposals to be considered at the Annual Meeting and the Board’s voting recommendation with respect to each proposal. Proposals Election of Directors Advisory Vote on the Compensation of Our Executive Officers (“Say on Pay”) Advisory vote on Frequency of Future Say on Pay Votes Approval of the Wabash National Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Board Vote Recommendation FOR EACH NOMINEE Page 9 FOR FOR ANNUALLY FOR FOR 67 70 71 81 3 Board Nominees (page 9) The following table provides summary information about each director nominee, as of the Record Date. Name Director Since Age Richard J. Giromini 63 December Dr. Martin C. Jischke 75 2005 January 2002 John E. Kunz 52 March Larry J. Magee 62 2011 January 2005 Occupation Chief Executive Officer, Wabash National Corporation Retired Chairman of the Board of Directors, Wabash National Corporation Vice President and Controller, Tenneco, Inc. Retired Ann D. Murtlow 56 February Scott K. Sorensen 55 March 2013 Brent L. Yeagy 46 October 2005 2016 President and Chief Executive Officer, United Way of Central Indiana Chief Executive Officer, Sorenson Holdings and Sorenson Communications President and Chief Operating Officer, Wabash National Corporation Other Public Boards No Independent No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No Executive Officer Compensation (Say on Pay) (page 67) We are asking stockholders to vote to approve, on an advisory (non-binding) basis, the compensation of our named executive officers. The primary objectives and philosophy of our compensation programs are to (i) drive executive behaviors that maximize long-term stockholder value creation, (ii) attract and retain talented executive officers with the skills necessary to successfully manage and grow our business, and (iii) align the interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders by rewarding them for strong Company performance. In 2016: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Coming off of exceptional 2015 performance, our CEO still only received a modest base salary increase of 3%, resulting in approximately 81% of his target total compensation being performance- based. Approximately 62% of our CEO’s total compensation was targeted to be delivered in the form of restricted stock units and performance stock units, with a goal of driving sustainable stockholder value. Driven largely by record operating income for the fifth consecutive year, which was up 12% over the prior year, our CEO received a payout of 114% under our Short-Term Incentive plan. Frequency of Future Say on Pay Votes (page 70) We are asking our stockholders to vote, on an advisory (non-binding) basis, to hold future say on pay votes every year. Our stockholders voted on a similar proposal in 2011, with the majority voting to hold the say on pay vote every year. Our Board of Directors continues to believe that holding a say on pay vote every year is most appropriate for our company so that our stockholders may express their views on our executive compensation program annually, and recommends that you vote to hold such advisory vote in the future every year. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (page 71) We are asking our stockholders to approve adoption of our 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan and approve certain material terms and conditions relating to performance-based compensation under the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan. The Board believes that the Company’s incentive compensation plans are valuable compensation tools to align individual and corporate performance with the interests of our stockholders. The proposed 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan renews and 4 updates our long-standing performance-based incentive programs, including replacing our existing equity incentive plan. The 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan has the following plan highlights: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Minimum vesting requirements (with 5% exception) No “liberal” change in control definition No automatic “single-trigger” vesting on a change in control No liberal share recycling for stock option and SAR awards No discounted stock options or SARs No re-pricing of stock options or SARs; no reload awards No dividend equivalents may be granted on stock options/SARs and no dividends or dividend equivalents may be distributed on unvested awards prior to the vesting of such awards Forfeiture and recoupment provisions Limits on non-employee director compensation of $350,000 per year Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (page 81) We ask that our stockholders ratify the selection of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accountants for the year ending December 31, 2016. Below is summary information about Ernst & Young’s fees for services provided in fiscal years 2016 and 2015. Fee Category Audit Fees Audit-Related Fees Tax Fees All Other Fees Total Fees 2016 2015 ($ in thousands) $ 1,424 $ 1,342 - - - 305 - - $ 1,424 $ 1,647 Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Stockholder Meeting to Be Held on May 18, 2017. Our Annual Report and this Proxy Statement are available at www.proxyvote.com. To access our Annual Report and Proxy Statement, enter the control number referenced on your proxy card. What is the Purpose of the Annual Meeting? ABOUT THE ANNUAL MEETING At the Annual Meeting, our management will report on our performance during 2016 and respond to questions from our stockholders. In addition, stockholders will act upon the matters outlined in the accompanying Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which include the following five proposals: Proposal 1 To elect seven members of the Board of Directors. Proposal 2 To hold an advisory vote on the compensation of our executive officers. Proposal 3 To hold an advisory vote on the frequency of advisory votes on the compensation of our executive officers. Proposal 4 To approve the Wabash National Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan. 5 Proposal 5 To ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as Wabash National Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2017. Stockholders will also consider any other matters that properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. Management is currently not aware of any other business to come before the Annual Meeting. Who is Entitled to Vote? Only stockholders of record at the close of business on March 20, 2017 (the “Record Date”) are entitled to receive notice of the Annual Meeting and to vote the shares of common stock of the Company (“Common Stock”) that they held on the Record Date at the Annual Meeting, or any postponement or adjournment of the Annual Meeting. Each share entitles its holder to cast one vote on each matter to be voted upon. A list of stockholders of record as of the Record Date will be available for inspection during ordinary business hours at our offices located at 1000 Sagamore Parkway South, Lafayette, Indiana 47905, from May 11, 2017 to the date of our Annual Meeting. The list will also be available for inspection at the Annual Meeting. Who can Attend the Annual Meeting? All stockholders as of the close of business on the Record Date, or their duly appointed proxies, may attend the Annual Meeting. Please note that if you hold your shares in “street name” (that is, through a broker or other nominee), you will need to bring a copy of a brokerage statement reflecting your stock ownership as of the Record Date and check in at the registration desk at the Annual Meeting. Alternatively, to vote, you may contact the person in whose name your shares are registered and obtain a proxy from that person and bring it to the Annual Meeting. What Constitutes a Quorum? The presence at the Annual Meeting, in person or by valid proxy, of the holders of a majority of the shares of our Common Stock outstanding on the Record Date will constitute a quorum, permitting us to conduct our business at the Annual Meeting. As of the Record Date, 60,448,111 shares of Common Stock, held by 642 stockholders of record, were outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. Proxies received but marked as abstentions and broker non-votes will be included in the calculation of the number of shares considered to be present at the Annual Meeting. How do I Vote? You can vote on matters to come before the Annual Meeting in the following four ways: • • • • Visit the website noted on your proxy card to vote via the internet; Use the telephone number on your proxy card to vote by telephone; Vote by mail by completing, dating and signing the proxy card mailed with your notice and returning it in the provided postage-paid envelope. If you do so, you will authorize the individuals named on the proxy card, referred to as the proxies, to vote your shares according to your instructions. If you provide no instructions, the proxies will vote your shares according to the recommendation of the Board of Directors or, if no recommendation is given, in their own discretion; or, Attend the Annual Meeting and cast your vote in person. 6 What if I Vote and Then Change my Mind? You may revoke your proxy at any time before it is exercised by: • • • • Providing written notice of revocation to the Corporate Secretary, Wabash National Corporation, 1000 Sagamore Parkway South, Lafayette, Indiana 47905; Voting again, on a later date, via the internet or by telephone (only your latest internet or telephone proxy submitted prior to the Annual Meeting will be counted); Submitting another duly executed proxy bearing a later date; or Attending the Annual Meeting and casting your vote in person. Your last vote will be the vote that is counted. What are the Board’s Recommendations? The Board recommends that you vote FOR election of each of the director nominees (p. 9), FOR the approval of the compensation of our executive officers (p. 67), FOR holding an annual advisory vote on executive pay ANNUALLY (p. 70), FOR the approval of the Wabash National Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (p. 71), and FOR ratification of the appointment of our auditors (p. 81). Unless you give other instructions, the persons named as proxy holders on the proxy card will vote in accordance with the Board’s recommendation. With respect to any other matter that properly comes before the meeting, the proxy holders will vote in their own discretion. What Vote is Required for Each Proposal? The following table summarizes the vote threshold required for approval of each proposal and the effect of abstentions, uninstructed shares held by banks or brokers, and unmarked, signed proxy cards. If you hold your shares in “street name” through a broker or other nominee, your broker or nominee may elect to exercise voting discretion with respect to the appointment of our auditors. Under New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) Rules, this proposal is considered a “discretionary” item, meaning that brokerage firms that have forwarded this Proxy Statement to clients 25 days or more before the Annual Meeting may vote in their discretion for this item on behalf of clients who have not furnished voting instructions at least 15 days before the date of the Annual Meeting and brokerage firms that have forwarded this Proxy Statement to clients less than 25 days before the Annual Meeting may vote in their discretion for this item on behalf of clients who have not furnished voting instructions at least 10 days before the date of the Annual Meeting. If you do not give your broker or nominee specific instructions, your broker or nominee may elect not to exercise its discretion on the ratification of the appointment of our auditors, in which case your shares will not be voted on this matter. If you hold your shares in “street name” through a broker or other nominee, your broker or nominee may not exercise discretion to vote your shares with respect to the election of directors, the advisory vote on executive compensation and the advisory vote on the frequency of the vote on executive compensation, and the approval of the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Shares for which the broker does not exercise its discretion or for which it has no discretion and for which it has received no instructions, so-called broker “non-votes,” will not be counted in determining the number of shares necessary for approval of such matters; however, those shares will be counted in determining whether there is a quorum. On all proposals, if you sign and return a proxy or voting instruction card, but do not mark how your shares are to be voted, they will be voted as the Board recommends. 7 Proposal Number Item 1 2 3 4 5 Election of Directors Advisory vote on executive compensation Advisory vote on the frequency of the advisory vote on executive compensation Approve the Wabash National Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan Ratification of Appointment of Independent Auditor Vote Required for Approval of Each Item Majority of votes cast Majority of shares present and entitled to vote Abstentions No effect Same effect as "against" Uninstructed Shares Unmarked Proxy Cards Not voted Voted "for" Not voted Voted "for" Plurality of votes cast No effect Not voted Voted "for" an annual vote Majority of shares present and entitled to vote Majority of shares present and entitled to vote Same effect as "against" Same effect as "against" Not voted Voted "for" Discretionary vote Voted "for" Who will Bear the Costs of this Proxy Solicitation? We will bear the cost of solicitation of proxies. This includes the charges and expenses of brokerage firms and others for forwarding solicitation material to beneficial owners of our outstanding Common Stock. We may solicit proxies by mail, personal interview, telephone or via the Internet through our officers, directors and other management associates, who will receive no additional compensation for their services. In addition, we have retained Laurel Hill Advisory Group, LLC to assist with proxy solicitation. For their services, we will pay a fee of $6,000 plus out-of- pocket expenses. 8 PROPOSAL 1 Election of Directors Our Bylaws provide that our Board of Directors, or the Board, shall be comprised of not less than three, nor more than nine, directors with the exact number to be fixed by resolution of the Board. The Board has fixed the authorized number of directors at seven directors. At the Annual Meeting, seven directors are to be elected, each of whom shall serve for a term of one year or until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. Proxies representing shares held on the Record Date that are returned duly executed will be voted, unless otherwise specified, in favor of the seven nominees for the Board named below. In accordance with our Bylaws, each nominee, as a condition to nomination, has submitted to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee an irrevocable resignation from the Board that is effective only in the event a nominee does not receive the required vote of our stockholders to be elected to the Board and the Board accepts the nominee’s resignation. Each of the nominees has consented to be named in this Proxy Statement and to serve on the Board if elected. It is not anticipated that any nominee will become unable or unwilling to accept nomination or election, but, if that should occur, the persons named in the proxy intend to vote for the election in his or her stead, such other person as the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may recommend to the Board. Corporate Governance Matters Our Board has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines (the “Guidelines”). Our Board has also adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers (the “Codes”). The Guidelines set forth a framework within which the Board oversees and directs the affairs of Wabash National. The Guidelines cover, among other things, the composition and functions of the Board, director independence, director stock ownership, management succession and review, Board committees, the selection of new directors, and director responsibilities and duties. The Codes cover, among other things, compliance with laws, rules and regulations (including insider trading), conflicts of interest, corporate opportunities, confidentiality, protection and use of company assets, and the reporting process for any illegal or unethical conduct. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applies to all of our directors, officers, and associates, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers includes provisions that are specifically applicable to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and senior financial executives. Any amendment to or waiver from a provision of the Codes for a director or executive officer (including for our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, and Chief Financial Officer, or CFO) will be promptly disclosed and posted on our website as required by law or the listing standards of the NYSE. The Guidelines and the Codes are available on the Investor Relations/Corporate Governance page of our website at www.wabashnational.com and are available in print without charge by writing to: Wabash National Corporation, Attention: Corporate Secretary, 1000 Sagamore Parkway South, Lafayette, Indiana 47905. Related Persons Transactions Policy Our Board has adopted a written Related Persons Transactions Policy. The Related Persons Transactions Policy sets forth our policy and procedures for review, approval and monitoring of transactions in which the Company and “related persons” are participants. Related persons include directors, nominees for director, officers, stockholders owning 5% or greater of our outstanding stock, and any immediate family members of the aforementioned. The Related Persons Transactions Policy is administered by a committee designated by the Board, which is currently the Audit Committee. The Related Persons Transactions Policy covers any related person transaction that meets the minimum threshold for disclosure in our annual meeting proxy statement under the relevant Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) rules. Currently, pursuant to the Policy, transactions involving amounts exceeding 9 $120,000, in which a related person has a direct or indirect material interest, must be approved, ratified, rejected or referred to the Board by the Audit Committee. The policy provides that as a general rule all related person transactions should be on terms reasonably comparable to those that could be obtained by the Company in arm’s length dealings with an unrelated third party. However, the policy takes into account that in certain cases it may be impractical or unnecessary to make such a comparison. In such cases, the transaction may be approved in accordance with the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law. When evaluating potential related person transactions, the Audit Committee considers all reasonably available facts and circumstances and approves only the related person transactions determined in good faith to be in compliance with, or not inconsistent with, our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and the best interests of our stockholders. The Related Persons Transaction Policy provides that management, or the affected director or officer will bring any potentially relevant transaction to the attention of the Audit Committee. Additionally, each year, our directors and executive officers complete annual questionnaires designed to elicit information about potential related person transactions, and the directors and officers must promptly advise the Corporate Secretary if there are any changes to the information previously provided. If a director is involved in the transaction, he or she will be recused from all discussions and decisions with regard to the transaction, to the extent practicable. The transaction must be approved in advance whenever practicable, and if not practicable, must be ratified as promptly as practicable. All related person transactions will be disclosed to the full Board, and will be included in the Company’s proxy statement and other appropriate filings as required by the rules and regulations of the SEC and the NYSE. Our General Counsel, Erin J. Roth, disclosed to the Audit Committee that she is married to an equity partner in the law firm of Barnes & Thornburg, LLP, a firm retained by the Company for several legal matters, including product liability, commercial and employment litigation matters, and for associate benefits, environmental, real estate, intellectual property, tax, anti-corruption, and export compliance legal counseling services. The Company has retained Barnes & Thornburg for such services since 2006, which pre-dates Ms. Roth’s employment with the Company. The process for retaining Barnes & Thornburg is the same as for retaining other law firms on behalf of the Company, with members of the legal department considering attorney expertise and familiarity with the Company and the legal issue, jurisdiction, any actual or potential conflicts of interest, past performance and/or referral recommendations, as well as fee/rate structure prior to engaging any law firm for any legal matters. Additionally, prior to payment of any invoice issued by Barnes & Thornburg, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer reviews and approves such invoices. During 2016, the Company paid Barnes & Thornburg approximately $283,823 for legal services rendered. The fees the Company paid to Barnes & Thornburg were less than or consistent with fees paid to – and were retained under similar terms and fee arrangements as – numerous other law firms retained in 2016 by the Company. Pursuant to our Related Persons Transaction Policy and the Audit Committee Charter, these transactions were approved by the Audit Committee, and subsequently approved by the Board, after determining that it is not inconsistent with our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. Our President and Chief Operating Officer (“COO”), Brent L. Yeagy, disclosed to the Audit Committee that the Company has utilized MidState Engineering LLC (“MidState”), a company co-owned by Mr. Yeagy’s brother, to provide the following services from time to time: automation and controls programming; facility engineering; machine fabrication and design; and equipment fabrication/maintenance services. The process to retain MidState is the same as the process for retaining other vendors of facilities, equipment and maintenance-related services, and is ultimately managed through the Company’s Global Supply Chain function. Multiple parties and functions throughout the Company are involved in the decision to retain the services of MidState, including maintenance services, facilities services, van operations, platform operations, advanced manufacturing and Wabash Composites – none of which were under the direct supervision or control of Mr. Yeagy in his previous role as Senior Vice President – Group President of Commercial Trailer Products Group, but which report directly to him in his new role as President and Chief Operating Officer. As a result of this direct reporting relationship, payment of any open purchase orders with MidState after October 1, 2016 were to be approved by our Chief Executive Officer. And, as of December 31, 2016, MidState was removed from the Company’s authorized vendor list and all personnel previously involved in procuring services from MidState were instructed that Wabash National may no longer contract with MidState for services of any kind. During 2016, the Company paid MidState approximately $571,033. The fees the Company paid to MidState were consistent with fees paid to, and were contracted under terms similar to, other facilities, equipment and maintenance- related services retained in 2016 by the Company. Pursuant to the Related Persons Transaction Policy and the Audit Committee Charter, these transactions were approved by the Audit Committee, and subsequently approved by the 10 Board of Directors, after determining that they were not inconsistent with the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. Director Independence Under the rules of the NYSE, the Board must affirmatively determine that a director has no material relationship with the Company for the director to be considered independent. Our Board of Directors undertook its annual review of director independence in February 2017. The purpose of the review was to determine whether any relationship or transaction existed that was inconsistent with a determination that the director or director nominee is independent. The Board considered transactions and relationships between each director and director nominee, and any member of his or her immediate family, and Wabash and its subsidiaries and affiliates. The Board also considered whether there were any transactions or relationships between directors or director nominees or any member of their immediate families (or any entity of which a director or director nominee or an immediate family member is an executive officer, general partner or significant equity holder) and members of our senior management or their affiliates. As a result of this review, the Board of Directors affirmatively determined that all of the directors nominated for election at the Annual Meeting are independent of Wabash National and its management within the meaning of the rules of NYSE, with the exception of Richard J. Giromini, our CEO, and Brent L. Yeagy, our COO. On May 24, 2007, Dr. Martin Jischke assumed the position of Chairman of the Board. Among his other responsibilities, our Chairman of the Board presides at the executive sessions of our independent and non-management directors and facilitates communication between our independent directors and management. Qualifications and Nomination of Director Candidates To be considered by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, a director nominee must meet the following minimum criteria: • • • • • • • Has the highest personal and professional integrity; Has a record of exceptional ability and judgment; Possesses skills and knowledge useful to our oversight; Is able and willing to devote the required amount of time to our affairs, including attendance at Board and committee meetings; Has the interest, capacity and willingness, in conjunction with the other members of the Board, to serve the long-term interests of the Company and its stockholders; May be required to be a “financial expert” as defined in Item 401 of Regulation S-K; and Is free of any personal or professional relationships that would adversely affect their ability to serve our best interests and those of our stockholders. Pursuant to the Guidelines, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also reviews, among other things, expertise, skills, knowledge, and experience. In reviewing these items, the Board may consider the diversity of director candidates, including diversity of expertise, geography, gender, and ethnicity. We seek independent directors who represent a mix of backgrounds and experiences that will enhance the quality of the Board’s deliberations and decisions. The goal in reviewing these considerations for individual director candidates is that they, when taken together with those of other Board members, will lead to a Board that is effective, collegial, and responsive to the needs of the Company and its stockholders. 11 Information on Directors Standing for Election The biographies of each of the nominees below contains information regarding the experiences, qualifications, attributes or skills that caused the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Board to determine that the person should serve as a director for the Company. The name, age (as of the Record Date), business experience, and public company directorships of each nominee for director, during at least the last five years, are set forth in the table below. For additional information concerning the nominees for director, including stock ownership and compensation, see “Director Compensation” and “Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock,” which follow: NAME AGE OCCUPATION, BUSINESS EXPERIENCE & DIRECTORSHIPS SINCE Richard J. Giromini December 2005 63 Mr. Giromini has served as our Chief Executive Officer since January 2007, while also serving as our President until October 2016. Previously, Mr. Giromini served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from February 2005 until December 2005, when he was appointed President and a Director of the Company. Mr. Giromini joined the Company in July 2002, as Senior Vice President - Chief Operating Officer. Earlier experience includes 26 years in the transportation industry, having begun his career with General Motors Corporation (1976 – 1985), serving in a variety of positions of increasing responsibility within the Tier 1 automotive sector, most recently with Accuride Corporation (Senior Vice President and General Manager), AKW LP (President and CEO), and ITT Automotive (Director of Manufacturing). Mr. Giromini holds a Master of Science degree in Industrial Management and a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, both from Clarkson University. He is also a graduate of the Advanced Management Program at the Duke University Fuqua School of Management. The sales, operations and strategic leadership experience reflected in Mr. Giromini’s summary, as well as his performance as our Chief Executive Officer, his participation on our Board, and his prior experience as a board member for another public company, supported the Board’s conclusion that he should again be nominated as a director. Dr. Martin C. Jischke 75 Dr. Jischke served as President of Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, from August 2000 until his retirement in July 2007. Dr. Jischke became Chairman of our Board of Directors at the 2007 Annual Meeting. Dr. Jischke also serves as a Director of Vectren Corporation, and on the Board of Trustees of the Illinois Institute of Technology. Dr. Jischke has served in leadership positions, including as President, of four major research universities in the United States, in which he was charged with the strategic and financial leadership of each organization. He was also previously appointed as a Special Assistant to the United States Secretary of Transportation. January 2002 The financial and strategic leadership experience reflected in Dr. Jischke’s summary, the diversity of thought provided by his academic background, his current and prior service on the boards of other large public companies and his performance as Chairman of our Board, supported the Board’s conclusion that he should again be nominated as a director. 12 John E. Kunz 52 March 2011 Mr. Kunz is the Vice President and Controller of Tenneco Inc., a global manufacturer of automotive emission control and ride control systems. In this role, which he has held since March 1, 2015, Mr. Kunz serves as the company's principal accounting officer with responsibility for the company’s corporate accounting and financial reporting globally. Prior to his current position, Mr. Kunz served as Tenneco’s Vice President, Treasurer and Tax, a position he held since July 2006, preceded by his position as Tenneco’s Vice President and Treasurer, which he held from February 2004 until July 2006. Prior to his employment with Tenneco, Mr. Kunz was the Vice President and Treasurer of Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, a position he held from August 2001 until February 2004, after holding several finance positions of increasing responsibility at Great Lakes, beginning in 1999. Additionally, Mr. Kunz was employed by KPMG, LLP from 1986 to 1990. the financial aspects of cyclical manufacturers As reflected in his summary, Mr. Kunz’s financial expertise, his experience managing the transportation, chemical and steel sectors, as well as his expertise in managing financing and equity transactions, and his participation on our Board all supported the Board’s conclusion that he should again be nominated as a director. in Larry J. Magee 62 January 2005 Mr. Magee was the President and CEO of Heartland Automotive Services, Inc., the largest operator of quick lube retail service centers, operating over 540 Jiffy Lube locations in North America. He held this position from April 2015 until his retirement in October 2016. Mr. Magee remains on the Board of Directors of Heartland Automotive. Prior to assuming the role of President and CEO of Heartland Automotive, Mr. Magee was the President, Consumer Tire U.S. & Canada, for Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, LLC a position he held from January 2011 until his retirement from Bridgestone in September 2013. He also served as Chairman of BFS Retail & Commercial Operations, LLC and Bridgestone of Canada, Inc. From December 2001 until January 2011, he served as Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of BFS Retail & Commercial Operations, LLC. Prior to December 2001, Mr. Magee served as President of Bridgestone/Firestone Retail Division, beginning in 1998. Mr. Magee has over 38 years combined experience in sales, marketing, and operational management, and held positions of increasing responsibility within the Bridgestone/Firestone family of companies during his 38-year tenure with Bridgestone/Firestone. The retail leadership expertise reflected in Mr. Magee’s summary, including his performance as the chief executive officer and as a board member for divisions of another company, as well as his participation on our Board, supported the Board’s conclusion that he should again be nominated as a director. 13 Ann D. Murtlow 56 Scott K. Sorensen 55 Brent L. Yeagy 46 February 2013 Mrs. Murtlow is the President and Chief Executive Officer of United Way of Central Indiana, a position she has held since April 1, 2013. Prior to assuming this role, beginning in 2011, she was the principal in a consulting firm, AM Consulting LLC, which provided global energy and utility mergers and acquisition advisory services. From 2002 to 2011, Mrs. Murtlow was an AES Corporation executive, where she was one of the few female CEOs in the electric utility industry, holding the role of President and Chief Executive Officer at Indianapolis Power & Light Company. Mrs. Murtlow also currently serves as a Director of First Internet Bancorp and its subsidiary First Internet Bank, and Great Plains Energy and its subsidiaries Kansas City Power & Light Company and KCP&L Greater Missouri Operations. The financial and strategic leadership experience reflected in Mrs. Murtlow’s summary, her service on the boards of other public and private companies, and her participation on our Board supported the Board’s decision that she should again be nominated as a director. its Mr. Sorensen is the Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors of Sorenson Holdings and subsidiary Sorenson Communications, a provider of communication services and products. Mr. Sorensen held the position of Chief Financial Officer of Sorenson Communications from August 2007 to March 2016. Previously, Mr. Sorensen was the Chief Financial Officer of Headwaters, Inc. from October 2005 to August 2007. Prior to joining Headwaters, Mr. Sorensen was the Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Hillenbrand Industries, Inc., a manufacturer and provider of products and services for the health care and funeral services industries, from March 2001 until October 2005. March 2005 Mr. Sorensen’s financial expertise and experience in corporate finance, combined with his experience in manufacturing and technology, as reflected in his summary, and his participation on our Board, supported the Board’s conclusion that he should again be nominated as a director. October 2016 Mr. Yeagy has served as President and Chief Operating Officer, and as a Director of the Company, since October 2016. He had been Senior Vice President – Group President of Commercial Trailer Products Group from June 2013 to October 2016. Previously, he served as Vice President and General Manager for the Commercial Trailer Products Group from 2010 to 2013. Mr. Yeagy has held numerous operations related roles since joining Wabash National in February 2003. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Yeagy held various roles within Human Resources, Environmental Engineering and Safety Management for Delco Remy International from July 1999 through February 2003. Mr. Yeagy served in various Plant Engineering roles at Rexnord Corporation from December 1995 through July 1997. Mr. Yeagy is a veteran of the United States Navy, serving from 1991 to 1994. He received his Masters of Business Administration from Anderson University and his Master and Bachelor degrees in Science from Purdue University. He is also a graduate of the University of Michigan, Ross School of Business Program in Executive Management and the Stanford Executive Program. 14 Mr. Yeagy’s more than 25 years of experience in executive leadership, beginning with his career in the United States Navy, and his strong background in managing many facets of operations in a manufacturing company, as reflected in his summary, supported the Board’s conclusion that he should be nominated as a director. Board Recommendation The Board of Directors UNANIMOUSLY recommends a vote “FOR” the election of each of the director nominees listed above. Meetings of the Board of Directors, its Leadership Structure and its Committees Information concerning the Board and the three standing committees maintained by the Board is set forth below. Board committees currently consist only of directors who are not employees of the Company and whom the Board has determined are “independent” within the meaning of the listing standards of the NYSE. During 2016, our Board held six meetings. In 2016, each director attended all meetings of the Board and of the committees on which s/he serves. Our Board strongly encourages all of our directors to attend our Annual Meeting. In 2016, all of our directors attended the Annual Meeting. The Guidelines provide that the independent members of the Board may select the Chairman of the Board and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer in the manner they consider in the best interests of the Company. The Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer positions are held by separate persons, and the Board believes that this is appropriate given the differences between the two roles in our current management structure. Our Chief Executive Officer, among other duties, is responsible for setting the strategic direction for the Company and the day- to-day leadership and performance of the Company, while the Chairman of the Board, among his other responsibilities, presides at the executive sessions of our independent and non-management directors and facilitates communication between our independent directors and management. The Board does not have a formal policy on whether the roles of Board Chairman and Chief Executive Officer should be separate or combined and reserves the right to change the Board’s current leadership structure when, in its judgment, such a change is appropriate for our Company. The Board has three standing committees: the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee; the Compensation Committee; and the Audit Committee. All committee charters can be accessed electronically from the Investor Relations/Corporate Governance page of our website at www.wabashnational.com or by writing to us at Wabash National Corporation, Attention: Corporate Secretary, 1000 Sagamore Parkway South, Lafayette, Indiana 47905. The following table indicates each standing committee or committees on which our directors served in 2016: Name Richard J. Giromini Dr. Martin C. Jischke James D. Kelly John E. Kunz Larry J. Magee Ann D. Murtlow Scott K. Sorensen Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Compensation Committee Audit Committee X X' X X X X' X X X X X X' Brent L. Yeagy 1 Indicates the current chair of the applicable committee. 15 Effective following the 2017 Annual Meeting, if all of the nominees for election at the Annual Meeting are elected, the directors who will serve on the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are currently expected to be Mrs. Murtlow and Messrs. Kunz and Magee, with Mr. Magee serving as chair; the directors who will serve on the Compensation Committee are currently expected to be Dr. Jischke, Mrs. Murtlow and Messrs. Kunz, Sorensen and Magee, with Mr. Kunz serving as chair; and the directors who will serve on the Audit Committee are currently expected to be Dr. Jischke, and Messrs. Sorensen and Kunz, with Mr. Sorensen serving as chair. Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met three times during 2016. The Committee’s responsibilities include: • • • • Assisting the Board by either identifying or reviewing stockholder-nominated individuals qualified to become directors and by recommending to the Board the director nominees for the next annual meeting of stockholders; Developing and recommending to the Board corporate governance principles; Leading the Board in its annual review of the CEO’s and the Board’s performance (including each of its members); and Recommending to the Board director nominees for each Board committee. As part of the Committee’s annual review of the Board’s performance, and its process for recommending director nominees for the next annual meeting of stockholders, it regularly considers each member’s attendance and overall contributions to the Board, the diversity of the Board’s composition (including diversity of expertise, geography, age, gender, and ethnicity), and the willingness of a member to represent and serve the long-term interests of our stockholders. And, as required by the Guidelines, once any Board member reaches the age of 72, the Committee annually considers the member’s continuation on the Board, and recommends to the Board whether, in light of all the circumstances, the Board should request that such member continue to serve on or retire from the Board. Pursuant to the Guidelines, in 2016, the Committee considered the continued membership of Dr. Jischke and determined, in light of his leadership of and overall contributions to the Board, he should continue as a member of the Board for at least another year. The Compensation Committee met five times during 2016. The Compensation Committee’s responsibilities Compensation Committee include: • • • Considering, recommending, administering and implementing our incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans; Annually reviewing and recommending to the Board the forms and amounts of director compensation; and Annually reviewing and approving the corporate goals and objectives relevant to the CEO’s and other executive officers’ compensation, evaluating their performance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting compensation levels based on the evaluations. The Compensation Committee is responsible for determining our compensation policies for executive officers and for the administration of our equity and incentive plans, including our 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan. The Compensation Committee works closely with our Senior Vice President of Human Resources in gathering the necessary market data to assess executive compensation. In addition, our CEO makes recommendations to the Compensation Committee for the other executive officers on the amount of base salary, target cash awards pursuant to our short-term incentive plan and target equity awards pursuant to our long-term incentive plan. Our CEO also 16 discusses with and makes recommendations to the Compensation Committee regarding performance targets for our short-term and long-term incentive plans before they are established, and upon conclusion of the performance period. For a discussion of our CEO’s role and recommendations with respect to compensation decisions affecting our Named Executive Officers, see the Compensation Discussion and Analysis below. Pursuant to the Compensation Committee’s charter, the Committee may form and delegate its responsibilities to subcommittees of the Committee. The Compensation Committee has historically engaged an independent compensation consultant, which is currently Meridian Compensation Partners LLC (“Meridian”). The Committee requested that Meridian provide competitive market assessments regarding executive officer compensation, which were used by the Committee in determining the appropriate executive compensation levels for 2016 and 2017, in line with the Company’s compensation plans, philosophies and goals. Additionally, the Compensation Committee is responsible for assessing and setting the compensation of the Company’s non-employee directors. In February 2017 a competitive market assessment of director compensation was prepared by Meridian. The Committee reviewed this market assessment and, following its review, recommended that no changes to director compensation levels be made in 2017. See Schedule of Director Fees. Audit Committee The Board has established a separately-designated standing Audit Committee in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The Audit Committee met eight times during 2016. In addition to the Board’s determination that each member of the Audit Committee is “independent” within the meaning of the rules of the NYSE, the Board also determined that Mr. Kunz and Mr. Sorensen are “audit committee financial experts” as defined by the rules of the SEC, and that they, along with Dr. Jischke, have accounting and related financial management expertise within the meaning of the listing standards of the NYSE. The experience of Mr. Kunz and Mr. Sorensen relevant to such determination is described above under “Information on Directors Standing for Election.” The Audit Committee’s responsibilities include: • • • • • • • • • • Reviewing the independence of the independent auditors and making decisions regarding engaging and discharging independent auditors; Reviewing with the independent auditors the plans and results of auditing engagements; Reviewing and approving non-audit services provided by our independent auditors and the range of audit and non-audit fees; Reviewing the scope and results of our internal audit procedures and the adequacy of the system of internal controls; Overseeing special investigations; Reviewing our financial statements and reports filed with the SEC; Overseeing our efforts to ensure that our business and operations are conducted in compliance with legal and regulatory standards applicable to us, as well as ethical business practices; Overseeing the Company’s internal reporting system regarding compliance with federal, state and local laws; Establishing and implementing procedures for confidential communications for “whistleblowers” and others who have concerns with our accounting, internal accounting controls and audit matters; and Reviewing our significant accounting policies. 17 Board’s Role in Risk Oversight The Board believes that strong and effective internal controls and risk management processes are essential elements in achieving long-term stockholder value. The Board, directly and through its committees, is responsible for overseeing risks potentially affecting the Company, while management is principally tasked with direct responsibility for management and assessment of risks and the implementation of processes and controls to mitigate their effects on the Company. The Board conducts oversight of risks that may affect the Company primarily through the Audit Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Specifically, the Audit Committee (i) reviews with senior management our internal system of audit and financial controls and steps taken to monitor and mitigate risk exposure and (ii) reviews and investigates any matters pertaining to the integrity of management, including conflicts of interest, compliance with our financial controls, and adherence to standards of business conduct as required in the policies of the Company. This is accomplished through the regular review of reports and presentations given by senior management, including our Senior Vice President – Chief Financial Officer and our Senior Vice President – General Counsel, as well as our Corporate Controller and Director of Internal Audit. The Audit Committee also regularly meets with our Vice President – Chief Information Officer to discuss and assess potential information/data security risks. In addition, the Audit Committee regularly meets with our external auditors to discuss and assess potential risks, and regularly reviews our risk management practices and risk-related policies (for example, the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, information security policies, risk management and insurance portfolio, and legal and regulatory reviews). The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee oversees the Guidelines and other governance matters that contribute to successful risk oversight and management. This is accomplished through, among other tasks, reviewing succession plans for the CEO and other key executives, reviewing performance evaluations of the Board (including each of its members) and CEO, monitoring legal developments and trends regarding corporate governance practices, and evaluating potential related persons transactions. The committees make full reports to the Board of Directors at each quarterly meeting regarding each committee’s considerations and actions. The Board of Directors also receives regular reports directly from officers responsible for oversight of financial and systemic risks within the Company, on both the nature of those risks and on how the officers assess and manage risks generally. The Company holds quarterly disclosure committee meetings prior to the submission of quarterly or annual reports on the financial performance of the Company at which areas of risk are discussed, and is adopting similar procedures for the Company’s submission of its reports on the Company’s reasonable country of origin inquiry and due diligence into the source country of certain “conflict minerals” necessary to the functionality of products manufactured by the Company, and reports to the Audit Committee on the results of those meetings. In addition, the Company’s Director of Internal Audit conducts regular interviews with officers responsible for oversight of financial and systemic risks within the Company, as well as testing regarding the same, and reports the results of those interviews to the Board on at least a quarterly basis. The Board of Directors, primarily through the Compensation Committee, also considers the structure and nature of the Company’s compensation policies and procedures, with a focus on the level of risk to the Company, if any, from those policies and procedures. In carrying out its oversight in this area, the Board of Directors and Compensation Committee regularly interact with the Senior Vice President of Human Resources, who reviews with them the Company’s pay practices for salaried associates, including the Company’s compensation plans and the methods of review and approval for these plans. Additionally, the Company’s incentive-based pay programs are benchmarked and designed in consultation with the Compensation Committee’s independent compensation consultant, Meridian. Based on reports to the Board of Directors and Compensation Committee and discussions thereof, the Board of Directors has concluded that the Company’s compensation policies and practices are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company. This is due, in part, to the fact that the performance metrics for determining short-term incentive awards are based on publicly reported metrics and, therefore, are not easily susceptible to manipulation; the maximum payouts for short-term incentive awards are capped, thereby reducing the risk that executives might be motivated to pursue excessively high short-term goals to maximize short-term payouts; and, the maximum number of long-term incentive awards that are performance-based are also capped, thereby reducing the risk that executives may be motivated to pursue excessively high performance targets (at the expense of long-term strategic growth) to maximize the number of performance-based awards received. In addition, the 18 Company’s stock ownership guidelines incentivize our executives to focus on the Company’s long-term, sustainable growth. Director Nomination Process The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consider stockholder recommendations for director nominees sent to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, Wabash National Corporation, Attention: Corporate Secretary, 1000 Sagamore Parkway South, Lafayette, Indiana 47905. Stockholder recommendations for director nominees should include: • • • • • • The name and address of the stockholder recommending the person to be nominated; A representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of our stock, including the number of shares held and the period of holding; A description of all arrangements or understandings between the stockholder and the recommended nominee; Such other information regarding the recommended nominee as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act; The consent of the recommended nominee to serve as a director if so elected; and All other required information set forth in our Bylaws. Stockholders’ nominees that comply with the procedures for submitting a stockholder nomination will receive the same consideration as other candidates identified by or to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The procedures for submitting a stockholder nomination are set forth below under “Stockholder Proposals and Nominations.” Upon receipt by the Corporate Secretary of a stockholder notice of a director nomination, the Corporate Secretary will notify the stockholder that the notice has been received and will be presented to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee for review. Identifying and Evaluating Nominees for Directors The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, with the assistance of the General Counsel and, if desired by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, a retained search firm, will screen candidates, perform reference checks, prepare a biography for each candidate for the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee to review and conduct interviews. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, the Chairman, and the Chief Executive Officer will interview candidates that meet the criteria. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will recommend to the Board of Directors nominees that best suit the Board’s needs. Communications with the Board of Directors Stockholders or other interested persons wishing to make known complaints or concerns about our accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, or bring other concerns to the Board or the Audit Committee, or to otherwise communicate with our independent directors as a group or the entire Board, individually or as a group, may do so by sending an email to board@wabashnational.com or auditcommittee@wabashnational.com, or by writing to them care of Wabash National Corporation, Attention: General Counsel, 1000 Sagamore Parkway South, Lafayette, Indiana 47905. You may report your concerns anonymously or confidentially. Pursuant to the direction of the Board, all correspondence will be received and processed by the General Counsel’s office. You will receive a written acknowledgment from the General Counsel’s office upon receipt of your written correspondence. All communications received in accordance with the above procedures will be reviewed initially by the General Counsel, who will relay all such communications to the appropriate director, directors or committee. 19 Non-employee directors were compensated in 2016 for their service as a director as shown in the chart below: Director Compensation Schedule of Director Fees Effective January 1, 2016 Annual Retainers (1) Board Member: Audit Committee Compensation Committee Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Chairman of the Board Audit Committee Chair Compensation Committee Chair Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Chair Amount $ 175,000 (2) $ 10,000 8,000 8,000 25,000 15,000 12,000 10,000 (1) All annual cash retainers are paid in quarterly installments. Annual grants of restricted stock units, referenced in footnote 2 below, are paid in full following the election of directors at the annual meeting. (2) Consists of a $75,000 cash retainer and an award of restricted stock units of Company stock having an aggregate market value at the time of grant of $100,000. Restricted stock units vest in full on the first anniversary of the grant date. At the February 2017 Board meeting, the Board resolved to maintain its compensation for 2017 at the level in effect as of January 1, 2016. The following table summarizes the compensation paid to our directors during 2016, other than Mr. Giromini and Mr. Yeagy, whose compensation is discussed below under Executive Compensation. Director Compensation for Year-End December 31, 2016 (1) Fees Earned or Paid in Cash (2) Stock Awards (3) All Other Compensation Total ($) $118,000 $91,000 $97,000 $93,000 $91,000 $98,000 ($) $100,012 $100,012 $100,012 $100,012 $100,012 $100,012 ($) $0 $3,640 $3,880 $3,720 $0 $3,920 ($) $218,012 $194,652 $200,892 $196,732 $191,012 $201,932 Consists of cash fees earned in 2016, some of which were not paid until January 2017, for annual retainers and compensation pursuant to our Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan, whose material terms are described in the narrative preceding the Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Table in the Executive Compensation section below. This column includes any amounts a director elects to defer pursuant to the Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan. Name Martin C. Jischke James D. Kelly John E. Kunz Larry J. Magee Ann D. Murtlow Scott K. Sorensen (1) (2) Consists of a grant of restricted stock units on May 12, 2016, which will vest on May 12, 2017. 20 (3) Consists of the Company’s match pursuant to our Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan. The Company fully matches the first 3% of earnings deferred by a participant under the non- qualified deferred compensation plan. In addition, the Company will contribute ½% for each additional percent of deferred earnings contributed by the participant, up to a maximum of 5% of the participant’s deferred earnings (thus resulting in a maximum of a 4% Company match on a participant’s deferral of 5% of his/her earnings). Non-employee Director Stock Ownership Guidelines The Board believes that it is important for each director to have a financial stake in the Company, aligning the director’s interests with those of the Company’s stockholders. To meet this objective, the Board has established stock ownership guidelines, which provide that each non-employee director is required to hold 65% of all Company shares received through Company incentive compensation plans (the “Director Holding Requirement”) until the non- employee director achieves a target ownership level equal to five (5) times the cash portion of the non-employee director’s Annual Board Retainer. Once a non-employee director has achieved his/her stated target ownership level, s/he is no longer required to adhere to the Director Holding Requirement, unless and until his/her ownership level falls below the target. For purposes of calculating target ownership levels, the following types of Company shares are counted: stock owned by the non-employee director; vested or unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units; and performance stock units deemed earned, but not yet vested. Non-employee directors are required to comply with the guidelines immediately upon their appointment as a director, however, they may forfeit shares to pay taxes upon vesting of shares and/or the exercise price upon stock option exercise. As of December 31, 2016, all non-employee directors met the guidelines. Other The Board requires that every new non-employee director participate in a detailed orientation, which includes a review of business and financial operations, meetings with company executives and others, and an overview of our corporate governance policies and procedures. Additionally, all Board members travel at least annually to visit some of our key operations and meet with business and operations leadership at these sites. The Company reimburses all directors for travel and other reasonable, necessary business expenses incurred in the performance of their services for the Company and extends coverage to them under the Company’s travel accident and directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies. In addition, the Company allocates to each director a biennial allowance of $10,000 to reimburse costs associated with attending continuing education courses related to Board of Directors service. Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors, executive officers and 10% stockholders to file reports of ownership of our equity securities. To our knowledge, based solely on our review of the copies of such forms furnished to us in 2016 and written representations from our executive officers and directors, we believe that all Section 16(a) filing requirements of our directors and executive officers were met. Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock The following table sets forth certain information as of March 20, 2017 (unless otherwise specified), with respect to the beneficial ownership of our Common Stock by each person who is known to own beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, each person currently serving as a director, each nominee for director, each Named Executive Officer (as defined in the Compensation Discussion & Analysis below), and all directors and executive officers as a group: 21 Name and Address of Beneficial Owner The Vanguard Group, Inc. 100 Vanguard Boulevard Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355 Black Rock, Inc. and affiliates 40 East 52nd Street New York, New York 10022 Dimensional Fund Advisors LP Building One, 6300 Bee Cave Road Austin, Texas 78746 Vanguard Horizon Funds - Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund - 23-2787277 100 Vanguard Boulevard Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355 LSV Asset Management 155 N. Wacker Drive, Suite 4600 Chicago, Illinois 60606 Richard J. Giromini Martin C. Jischke James D. Kelly John E. Kunz Larry J. Magee Ann D. Murtlow William D. Pitchford Erin J. Roth Scott K. Sorensen Jeffery L. Taylor Mark J. Weber Brent L. Yeagy Shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned(1) Percent of Class (rounded) 10,958,913 (2) 18.1% 7,212,458 (3) 11.9% 4,640,475 (4) 7.7% 3,482,495 (5) 5.8% 3,423,745 (6) 5.7% 1,027,778 (7) 1.7% 58,867 (8) 73,381 (9) 38,516 (10) 85,985 (11) 24,108 (12) 34,395 (13) 91,598 (14) 64,473 (15) 51,619 (16) 145,948 (17) 83,660 (18) * * * * * * * * * * * All of our directors and executive officers as a group (12 persons) 1,780,328 (19) 2.9% * Less than one percent (1) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Shares of Common Stock subject to restricted stock units and/or performance stock units are not deemed outstanding by the Company for purposes of reporting on common stock outstanding. As such, only those units that will vest within 60 days of March 20, 2017 are deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of the person holding such units. Shares of Common Stock subject to options currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of March 20, 2017 are deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of the person holding such options, but are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Except where indicated otherwise, and subject to community property laws where applicable, the persons 22 named in the table above have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of Common Stock shown as beneficially owned by them. (2) Based solely on the Schedule 13G/A filed February 13, 2017 by The Vanguard Group, Inc. on its own behalf and on behalf of its subsidiaries Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company and Vanguard Investments Australia, Ltd. (collectively, the “Vanguard Subsidiaries”). The Vanguard Group has sole voting power with respect to 90,648 shares, shared voting power with respect to 12,831 shares, sole dispositive power with respect to 10,859,206 shares, and shared dispositive power with respect to 99,707 shares. None of the Vanguard Subsidiaries claim beneficial ownership of 5% or greater of the outstanding shares of Common Stock. (3) Based solely on a Schedule 13G/A filed January 17, 2017 by BlackRock, Inc. on its own behalf and on behalf of its subsidiaries BlackRock (Netherlands) B.V., BlackRock Advisors, LLC, BlackRock Asset Management Canada Limited, BlackRock Asset Management Ireland Limited, BlackRock Asset Management Schweiz AG, BlackRock Financial Management, Inc., BlackRock Fund Advisors, BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A., BlackRock International Limited, BlackRock Investment Management (Australia) Limited, BlackRock Investment Management (UK) Ltd, BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (collectively, the “BlackRock Subsidiaries”). BlackRock, Inc. has sole voting power with respect to 7,343,321 shares. None of the BlackRock Subsidiaries claim beneficial ownership of 5% or greater of the outstanding shares of Common Stock except for BlackRock Fund Advisors. (4) Based solely on the Schedule 13G filed February 9, 2017 by Dimensional Fund Advisors LP and its subsidiaries. Dimensional Fund Advisors LP has sole voting power with respect to 4,429,947 shares. None of Dimensional Fund Advisors LP’s subsidiaries claim beneficial ownership of 5% or greater of the outstanding shares of Common Stock. (5) Based solely on the Schedule 13G filed February 13, 2017 by Vanguard Horizon Funds – Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund - 23-2787277. (6) Based solely on the Schedule 13G filed February 6, 2017 by LSV Asset Management. LSV Asset Management has sole voting power with respect to 1,842,791 shares. (7) Includes options held by Mr. Giromini to purchase 416,841 shares that are currently, or will be within 60 days of March 20, 2017, exercisable. Does not include any unvested restricted stock units or performance stock units, as no such awards held by Mr. Giromini will vest within 60 days of March 20, 2017. (8) Includes 7,073 restricted stock units that are scheduled to vest within 60 days of March 20, 2017. (9) Includes 7,073 restricted stock units that are scheduled to vest within 60 days of March 20, 2017. (10) Includes 7,073 restricted stock units that are scheduled to vest within 60 days of March 20, 2017. (11) Includes 7,073 restricted stock units that are scheduled to vest within 60 days of March 20, 2017. (12) Includes 7,073 restricted stock units that are scheduled to vest within 60 days of March 20, 2017. Through a family estate planning structure, Mrs. Murtlow shares voting and investment power on all reported shares with her spouse. (13) Includes options held by Mr. Pitchford to purchase 6,760 shares that are currently, or will be within 60 days of March 20, 2017, exercisable. Does not include any unvested restricted stock units or performance stock units, as no such awards held by Mr. Pitchford will vest within 60 days of March 20, 2017. (14) Includes options held by Ms. Roth to purchase 21,080 shares that are currently, or will be within 60 days of March 20, 2017, exercisable. Does not include any unvested restricted stock units or performance stock units, as no such awards held by Ms. Roth will vest within 60 days of March 20, 2017. 23 (15) Includes 7,073 restricted stock units that are scheduled to vest within 60 days of March 20, 2017. Through a family estate planning structure, Mr. Sorensen shares voting and investment power on all reported shares with his spouse. (16) Includes options held by Mr. Taylor to purchase 20,377 shares that are currently, or will be within 60 days of March 20, 2017, exercisable. Does not include any unvested restricted stock units or performance stock units, as no such awards held by Mr. Taylor will vest within 60 days of March 20, 2017. (17) Includes options held by Mr. Weber to purchase 7,587 shares that are currently, or will be within 60 days of March 20, 2017, exercisable. Does not include any unvested restricted stock units or performance stock units, as no such awards held by Mr. Weber will vest within 60 days of March 20, 2017. (18) Includes options held by Mr. Yeagy to purchase 35,567 shares that are currently, or will be within 60 days of March 20, 2017, exercisable. Does not include any unvested restricted stock units or performance stock units, as no such awards held by Mr. Yeagy will vest within 60 days of March 20, 2017. (19) Includes options held by our executive officers to purchase an aggregate of 508,212 shares that are currently, or will be within 60 days of March 20, 2017, exercisable. The Company's directors do not hold any options. Includes 42,438 restricted stock units that are scheduled to vest to our directors within 60 days of March 20, 2017. 24 Executive Compensation Compensation Discussion and Analysis The Board of Directors and the Company recognize that our stockholders should have as much trust in the integrity of the Company’s executive compensation process as our customers have in the quality of our products. We place tremendous effort and rigor into our executive compensation processes. We strive to be fair and reasonable while simultaneously aligning the interests of our stockholders and the executives who have been entrusted to lead the Company. The following compensation discussion and analysis (“CD&A”) provides information regarding the objectives and elements of our compensation philosophy and policies for our NEOs in 2016 and key changes to the policies in 2017. Throughout this CD&A, Wabash National’s Named Executive Officers, or NEOs, means: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Richard J. Giromini – chief executive officer (“CEO”) Jeffery L. Taylor – senior vice president and chief financial officer (“CFO”) Erin J. Roth – senior vice president, general counsel and secretary (“General Counsel”) Mark J. Weber – senior vice president, group president – Diversified Products Group (“Group President – DPG”) Brent L. Yeagy – president and chief operating officer (“COO”) Mr. Yeagy began serving in his current role as president and chief operating officer effective October 1, 2016. Prior to that time, he served as senior vice president, group president – Commercial Trailer Products Group, and Mr. Giromini served as both chief executive officer and president. Executive Summary 2016 Financial Highlights Over the past six years, we have made significant progress toward our strategy to transform ourselves into a diversified industrial manufacturer with a higher growth and margin profile. With this strategic goal in mind, we accomplished the following since 2011: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Grown revenue from $1.19 billion in 2011 to $1.85 billion in 2016; Grown operating income from $19.8 million in 2011 to $202.5 million in 2016; Grown net income from $15.0 million in 2011 to $119.4 million in 2016; Improvement in gross profit margins from 5.6% in 2011 to 17.6% in 2016; and Net debt and liquidity as of year-end 2011 were $49.8 million and $125.7 million, respectively. As of year-end 2016, net debt and liquidity were $77.2 million and $333.0 million, respectively. During 2016, management continued to make progress on our strategic initiatives, as highlighted in the specific accomplishments detailed below: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Record operating income for the fifth consecutive year, up 12% over the prior year; Continued to maintain record liquidity levels, with year-end 2016 liquidity of $333 million; Reduced net debt by $70 million during 2016; Repurchased $77 million of shares under the Company’s share repurchase plan; Announced in December 2016 the reinstatement of a dividend program by which the Company will pay a regular quarterly cash dividend to the stockholders of its common stock; and Continued to execute on the Company’s strategy to reduce debt by entering into agreements to repurchase up to $82 million in principal of the Company’s outstanding Convertible Senior Notes. 25 Best Practices Highlighted below are certain executive compensation governance practices (that we employ and avoid) that support the needs of our business, drive performance and align with our stockholders’ long-term interests. We believe our executive compensation practices align with our corporate values and mission and provide a foundation for long- term success. These practices include: PRACTICES WE EMPLOY √ Pay for Performance – We tie pay to performance. The majority of NEO pay is not guaranteed – and is performance-based. We set financial goals for corporate and business unit performance. √ Reasonable Executive Severance/Change- in-Control Policy – We believe we have reasonable post-employment and change-in- control provisions that are generally in line with those of our peer group. √ Peer Review – We closely monitor the compensation systems of companies of similar size and similar industries, with the objective of setting total compensation for our NEOs at levels that are generally competitive with our peer group, but also account for the Company’s own financial performance objectives. √ Mitigate Undue Risk – Our compensation to discourage to related our under practices are designed excessive performance compensation programs. risk-taking and as payout √ Annual NEO Pay Review – Our Compensation Committee reviews NEO pay annually, and the CEO and other NEOs are evaluated on their performance annually as part of this process PRACTICES WE AVOID χ No Pledging/Hedging Transactions or Short Sales Permitted – Our policies prohibit executives, including the NEOs, and directors from pledging or engaging in hedging or short sales with respect to the Company’s common stock. χ No Repricing Underwater Stock Options or Stock Appreciation Rights Without Stockholder Approval – We do not permit underwater stock appreciation rights to be repriced without stockholder approval. stock options or χ Employment Contracts – With the exception of our CEO (whose contract was originally executed upon his appointment as our COO in 2002), we do not have employment contracts for our NEOs. The Compensation Committee reviews our CEO’s performance on a yearly basis before determining whether to renew the agreement. χ No Unique Retirement Programs – We do not have retirement programs uniquely applicable to our executive officers, nor do we provide supplemental additional executive retirement service credit as a recruitment tool. χ No Substantial Perquisites – We do not to our provide substantial perquisites executive officers. √ Double Trigger Change-in-Control Severance Benefits – We employ a double- trigger change in control provision as part of our Change-in-Control policy. √ Stock Ownership Guidelines – Our expectations for stock ownership align executives’ interests with those of our stockholders and all of the NEOs are in compliance with those guidelines. √ Independent Compensation Committee and Compensation Consulting Firm – Our is comprised Compensation Committee entirely of independent directors and engages an independent consultant. 26 Compensation Program Objectives and Philosophy Our Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) works closely with the Company’s leadership team to refine our compensation program, to clearly articulate its objectives to our executives and to emphasize through its design our focus on performance-based compensation so that executives are awarded for results that create long-term stockholder value. The main elements of our compensation structure and how each supports our compensation philosophy and objectives are summarized below: Wabash National Corporation Executive Compensation Design Total Direct Compensation Short-Term Compensation Short-Term Incentive Plan Variable. Annual cash award for achievement of current- year financial and operational goals. Base Salary Fixed. Fixed compensation component payable in cash. Reviewed annually and adjusted when appropriate. Long-Term Compensation Long-Term Incentive Plan Variable. Equity awards designed to attract and retain quality executive management, and align NEO interests with those of the Company’s stockholders. Total Indirect Compensation Other Indirect Components Fixed. Deferred compensation benefits; perquisites; additional benefits payable upon a Change-in-Control event or severance without Cause. The primary objectives and philosophy of our compensation programs are to (i) drive executive behaviors that maximize long-term stockholder value creation, (ii) attract and retain talented executive officers with the skills necessary to successfully manage and grow our business, and (iii) align the interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders by rewarding them for strong Company performance. In support of these objectives, we: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Target NEO total compensation package competitive with peers – We regularly compare our NEOs’ total compensation levels, as well as the elements of our NEO pay, with companies of a similar size and complexity; Deliver a meaningful proportion of NEO compensation in share-based and performance- based incentives – In 2016, 44% to 62% of NEO total compensation was targeted to be delivered in the form of restricted stock units and performance stock units, with a goal of driving sustainable stockholder value; and Weight a significant portion of NEO compensation toward variable and performance-based pay elements – In 2016, 65% to 81% of NEO total compensation was targeted to be delivered in variable Short-Term (annual) or Long-Term incentive compensation. As shown below, approximately 81% of our CEO’s target total compensation in 2016 was performance-based. 27 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2016 Executive Compensation Mix -- at "Target" P e r f o r m a n c e - b a s e d m r e T g n o L m r e T t r o h S 62% 19% 19% P e r f o r m a n c e - b a s e d m r e T g n o L m r e T t r o h S 54% 18% 28% P e r f o r m a n c e - b a s e d m r e T g n o L m r e T t r o h S 44% 21% 35% P e r f o r m a n c e - b a s e d m r e T g n o L m r e T t r o h S 48% 20% 31% P e r f o r m a n c e - b a s e d m r e T g n o L m r e T t r o h S 47% 21% 32% Giromini Base Salary Taylor Short Term Incentive Roth Yeagy Weber Restricted Stock/Performance Stock Units * Percentages listed in the chart above are rounded to the nearest whole number, which may result in totals slightly below or in excess of 100%. Summary of Key Compensation Decisions and Outcomes for 2016 The key decisions the Committee made during 2016 are summarized below and discussed in greater detail in the remainder of this CD&A. Base Salary Adjustments The Committee approved increases in base salary for each of our NEOs, ranging from 3.0% to 15.4%, to more closely align our NEOs with median base salary levels of our peer group. The Committee increased our CEO’s base salary by 3.0% from $830,000 to $855,000 in 2016. Though Mr. Yeagy’s appointment to the position of COO took effect October 1, 2016, an additional base salary increase for Mr. Yeagy as a result of this change in role did not occur until January 1, 2017. Short-Term Incentive Plan (“STI”) Company-Wide: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) The metrics and respective weightings used in the Company-wide STI program in 2016, in which the CEO, CFO and General Counsel participated, were as follows: Operating Income (80%) and Net Working Capital (20%). The target incentive award percentages (as a percentage of base salary) for each of our NEOs, including our CEO, remained unchanged from 2015. Based on actual Company-wide 2016 performance, attainment of the Operating Income metric was above the target, but below the maximum level of achievement (attaining results at 142% of target), and attainment of the Net Working Capital metric was below the threshold level of achievement (attaining results at 0% of target), resulting in a weighted award payout of 114% to our CEO, CFO and General Counsel. Payout of this incentive occurred in March 2017. 28 Commercial Trailer Products (“CTP”): (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) The metrics and respective weightings used in CTP’s STI program in 2016, in which the COO participated for the first nine months of 2016 in his role as senior vice president, group president – Commercial Trailer Products Group (until his change in role to COO effective October 1, 2016), were as follows: Company- wide Operating Income (55%), CTP Operating Income (25%), and Company-wide Net Working Capital (20%). The target incentive award percentage for Mr. Yeagy was unchanged from 2015 (at 65% of base salary). Based on actual CTP 2016 performance, attainment of the CTP Operating Income metric was at the maximum achievement, or 200% payout, level of performance. If Mr. Yeagy had continued to serve as senior vice president, group president – Commercial Trailer Products Group through the end of 2016, this would have resulted in a weighted award payout of 128% to Mr. Yeagy. However, because Mr. Yeagy began serving as our president and chief operating officer effective October 1, 2016, nine months of his Total STI Award were calculated using the CTP Operating Income metric while the remaining three months of his Total STI Award were calculated using Company-wide metrics only. As a result, his weighted award payout was 125%. Payout of this incentive occurred in March 2017. Diversified Products Group (“DPG”): (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) The metrics and respective weightings used in DPG’s STI program in 2016, in which the Group President - DPG participated, were as follows: Company-wide Operating Income (55%), DPG Operating Income (25%), and Company-wide Net Working Capital (20%). The target incentive award percentage for our Group President - DPG was unchanged from 2015 (at 65% of base salary). Based on actual DPG 2016 performance, attainment of the DPG Operating Income metric was below the threshold level of performance, attaining results at 0% of target and resulting in a weighted award payout of 78% to our Group President – DPG, Mr. Weber. Payout of this incentive occurred in March 2017. Long-Term Incentive Plan The Committee granted performance stock units (“PSUs”), as well as service-based restricted stock units (“RSU’s”) to each of the NEOs. Unlike 2015, where 20% of the total LTI award was represented by non-qualified stock options, the Committee did not grant any stock options to the NEOs in 2016, as the Committee determined in consultation with its independent compensation consultant that the use of options was no longer as prevalent from a market perspective. In addition, the elimination of stock options from the LTI mix results in a more efficient use of shares reserved for grant under the shareholder approved equity plan. As a result, each NEO’s total LTI award was allocated as follows: 55% PSUs and 45% RSUs. The PSUs and RSUs will be settled in shares. Consistent with 2015, for each of the NEOs, the number of PSUs earned will depend upon achievement against two metrics: Relative Total Shareholder Return (“RTSR”) measured against a peer group of 12 similarly-cyclical companies (i.e., a different peer group than the peer group used generally by the Committee in setting compensation), and Cumulative EBITDA Performance. Each metric will be measured over a three-year period. In 2016, RTSR was weighted at 54.5% of the target value of the PSUs (30% of the overall 2016 LTI Award) and Cumulative EBITDA Performance was weighted at 45.5% of the target value of the PSUs (25% of the overall 2016 LTI Award); previously, the two metrics had been weighted equally. The Committee made this change in weighting to create greater direct alignment with stockholder returns. Additionally, for our CEO only, the RSU award is performance-based; his ability to earn RSUs is tied to a one-year operating income performance metric. The Committee increased the 2016 target award percentages for our CEO (from 250% to 285% of salary grade mid-point) and our CFO (from 125% to 135%), to better align the compensation of these executives with market practices. The target award percentages for our General Counsel and Group President – DPG remained unchanged (at 110% and 125%, respectively). Additionally, the target award percentage for Mr. Yeagy also remained unchanged (at 125%) because any changes approved as a result of his new role did not become effective until January 1, 2017. 29 Executive Severance Plan In 2015, the Committee approved, and the Company adopted, an Executive Severance Plan (the “ESP”) for the Company’s executives. The ESP became effective January 1, 2016 and reflects market practice and consistency across the Company’s compensation arrangements. Pursuant to the ESP, to receive benefits under the ESP, participants are required to execute a release, non-compete, and non-solicitation agreement with the Company. Compensation Peer Group The Committee utilizes two compensation benchmarking peer groups to assess the competitiveness of the NEOs’ target compensation levels. The peer groups are intended to reflect companies with similar revenue size and business complexity as the Company. Our 2016 Say-on-Pay Vote The Compensation Committee carefully considered the results of the Company’s “Say on Pay Vote” taken by stockholders at its 2016 Annual Meeting, and the Committee plans to continue to carefully consider the results of this vote each year. At the 2016 Annual Meeting, approximately 96% of the stockholder votes cast on the proposal were cast in favor of the resolution stating that the stockholders “approve the compensation of Wabash National’s executive officers.” The Compensation Committee believes that the level of support indicated by this vote reflects favorably on the Company’s executive compensation program, which emphasizes “pay for performance,” even in the highly cyclical industry in which Wabash National operates. 2016 Compensation Overview At Wabash National, we aspire to provide ever increasing value to all of our stakeholders, including customers, stockholders, associates, suppliers and our community. To achieve this aspiration, our business strategy includes: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Exceptional operating performance, including driving continuous improvement, production safety, product innovation and quality; Disciplined growth of stockholder value; and Development and retention of high performance associates. Execution of our strategy is expected to create a sustainable business that rewards our customers, our associates and our stockholders. Wabash National’s compensation program is designed to motivate our NEOs and other salaried associates to execute our business strategies and strive for higher company performance, while maintaining our core values of safety, customer satisfaction, product quality, best-in-class service, continuous improvement, product innovation, and ethical, trustworthy business practices. Although Wabash National’s compensation program applies to most salaried associates, this Proxy Statement focuses on its applicability to our NEOs. Philosophy and Objectives of Wabash National Compensation Program Our overall compensation philosophy is to provide compensation packages to our executives, including our NEOs, that are competitive with those of executives in our peer group, while at the same time keeping our compensation program equitable, straightforward in structure, and reflective of our overall Company performance. In implementing this philosophy, we award compensation to meet our three principle objectives: aligning executive compensation with our Company’s annual and long-term performance goals; using equity-based awards to align executive and stockholder interests; and setting compensation at levels that assist us in attracting and retaining qualified executives. 30 To align the incentive components of our compensation program with Company performance, we choose simple, transparent, and consistently communicated metrics that align compensation to our business strategies and our stockholders’ interests. Additionally, we utilize a mix of compensation components to meet the following goals: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Attract, retain, and motivate high-caliber executives; As the responsibility of an associate/executive increases within the Company, place a larger portion of total compensation “at-risk,” with an increasing portion tied to long-term incentives; Provide the appropriate level of reward for performance; Recognize the cyclical nature of our primary truck-trailer business and the need to manage stockholder value through the business cycle by managing compensation levels and components; Provide stockholder alignment by encouraging NEOs to be long-term stockholders of Wabash National; Structure compensation programs to meet the tax deductibility criteria in the U.S. Internal Revenue Code when practicable; and Structure the compensation program to be regarded positively by our stockholders and associates, while providing the Compensation Committee with the flexibility needed to satisfy all of the above listed goals. Each component of Wabash National’s compensation structure, and the primary objective of each component, is summarized in the table below: Component Primary Objective Characteristics and Description Where Reported in the Executive Compensation Tables Base Salary Short-Term Incentive Award Long-Term Incentive Award Attract and retain. Promote achievement of short- term financial goals aligned with stockholder interests. Create alignment with stockholder interests and promote achievement of longer- term financial and strategic objectives. Fixed cash, competitively assessed against our peer group. Also takes into consideration level of responsibility, experience, knowledge, individual performance and internal equity considerations. Reviewed annually and adjusted when appropriate. Short-term incentive paid in cash, based on performance measured against annually established company-wide and business unit financial goals. Rewards executives for superior financial performance of the Company. Award is delivered through a combination of Performance Stock Units and Restricted Stock Units. Rewards executives for long- term growth of the Company. 31 Summary Compensation Table – “Salary” column Summary Compensation Table – “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” column Grants of Plan-Based Awards table – “Estimated Possible Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards” column Summary Compensation Table – “Stock Awards” column Grants of Plan-Based Awards table – “Estimated Possible Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards” column Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End table Option Exercises and Stock Vested table Component Primary Objective Characteristics and Description Where Reported in the Executive Compensation Tables Perquisites Attract and retain. Retirement Benefits Attract and retain. Deferred Compensation Benefits Potential Payments Upon Change in Control Other Potential Post- Employment Payments Attract and retain. Encourage executives to operate in the best interests of stockholders both before and after a Change in Control event. Provide potential payments under scenarios of death, disability, termination without cause, and voluntary separation. Executive physicals; credit monitoring; health club discounts; matching contributions to health savings accounts; amounts paid on life/disability insurance on behalf of the executive. A 401(k) plan, on which the Company has partially matched associate contributions, when the performance of the Company has allowed. Non-qualified deferred compensation plan under which a select group of associates, including NEOs, can elect to defer base salary and/or STI Awards. The Company has partially matched associate contributions, when the performance of the Company has allowed. Summary Compensation Table – “All Other Compensation” column Summary Compensation Table – “All Other Compensation” column Summary Compensation Table – “All Other Compensation” column Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation table Fixed cash and certain rights with respect to equity awards. Contingent in nature and payable only if an NEO’s employment is terminated as specified under the Company’s Change in Control Plan (or under the CEO’s employment agreement). Potential Payments on Termination or Change in Control Payment and Benefits Estimate table Contingent in nature; amounts are payable only if an NEO’s employment is terminated as specified under the arrangements of various plans – including the ESP – or insurance policies. Potential Payments on Termination or Change in Control Payment and Benefits Estimate table The Compensation Committee believes that the Company’s existing executive compensation structure continues to encompass several “best practices,” as described earlier in this CD&A, and continues to be effective in not only rewarding executives for Company performance, but also aligning executive interests with long-term stockholder interests. The Committee will continue to analyze our executive compensation structure and adjust it as appropriate to reflect our performance and competitive needs, while always incorporating our longstanding philosophies of paying for performance, supporting business strategies, and paying competitively. We believe these philosophies will continue to attract and retain quality business leaders, and will drive our NEOs and other salaried associates to produce sustainable, positive results for Wabash National and its stockholders. 32 Compensation Methodology and Process Independent Review and Approval of Executive Compensation The Compensation Committee, consisting of only independent members of the Board, is responsible for reviewing, approving and implementing the Wabash National compensation program, particularly the corporate and business segment goals and objectives related to compensation for the majority of salaried associates, as well as our executive compensation policies and programs. The Committee works closely with management, in particular our CEO and our Senior Vice President of Human Resources, in assessing appropriate compensation for our NEOs. The Committee evaluates the NEOs’ performance in relation to the established goals and ultimately approves the compensation for the NEOs after evaluating their compensation packages. See the “Compensation Committee” section of this Proxy Statement for a detailed listing of the Committee responsibilities and members and for more information on the Committee’s processes and procedures. To assist in identifying appropriate levels of compensation, the Committee has engaged the services of Meridian, an independent compensation consultant, for assistance in 2016 compensation plan design, and to provide compensation market data and general review and advice regarding our compensation disclosures. In reviewing competitive peer group data discussed with management and Meridian, the Committee does not specifically “benchmark” or target a certain percentage or level of compensation for the NEOs. Rather, the Committee considers competitive peer group data as one significant factor in setting pay levels and amounts. The Committee realizes that competitive alternatives vary from individual to individual and may extend beyond equivalent positions in our industry or at other publicly-traded or similarly-situated companies. Consistent with our compensation objectives, the Committee retains the flexibility to also consider subjective factors, such as each executive’s fulfillment of duties, teamwork, level of responsibility, knowledge, time in position, experience and internal equity among the executives with similar experience and job responsibilities. When determining long-term incentive compensation, the Compensation Committee also considers the cost of the plan to the Company and the present and future availability of shares under our equity plans. The Committee annually reviews previously approved compensation plans and levels to ensure continued alignment with our business strategy, the Company’s performance, and the interest of our associates and stockholders, as well as market practices for all elements of executive compensation, and approves necessary adjustments to remain competitive. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee directs an annual evaluation of the CEO, and provides the results of the evaluation to the Compensation Committee for the Compensation Committee to use in making its decision whether to renew the CEO’s employment agreement, as well as setting and approving the CEO’s compensation each year. While the Committee does independently determine and approve the CEO’s compensation each year, it relies on the input of the CEO in setting compensation for the other NEOs. (In addition, as noted on page 30, the Committee also carefully considers the results of voting on the annual non-binding “say-on-pay” proposal.) The CEO provides the Committee with an evaluation of each NEO’s performance, as well as his recommendations for changes to the NEOs’ base salaries (if any) and STI and LTI award levels, which are based on criteria and peer group data discussed with the Committee and Meridian. The Committee has the discretion to accept, reject or modify any of the CEO’s recommendations. The other NEOs are not present during these discussions. The Role of the Compensation Committee’s Independent Compensation Consultant As noted under the “Compensation Committee” section of this Proxy Statement, the Committee has retained Meridian, a national compensation consulting firm, to assist it in fulfilling its responsibilities and duties. Meridian reviewed the Company’s executive compensation program design and assessed our compensation approach relative to our performance and our market assessment peer group. Specifically, Meridian’s engagement encompasses advisory services such as annual review of executive compensation philosophy, a competitive assessment of executive compensation levels and “pay-for-performance” linkage, executive cash and equity incentive program design, review of the CEO’s employment agreement, 33 competitive assessment of non-employee director compensation, and other ad hoc support. Meridian works at the direction of, and reports directly to, the Compensation Committee. Meridian does not provide any other services to Wabash National. The Compensation Committee has evaluated Meridian as a compensation consultant, taking into consideration all relevant factors, including the following factors: (i) the provision of other services to the Company by Meridian; (ii) the amount of fees from the Company paid to Meridian as a percentage of Meridian’s total revenue; (iii) the policies and procedures of Meridian that are designed to prevent conflicts of interest; (iv) any business or personal relationship between the individual compensation advisors employed by Meridian and any executive officer of the Company; (v) any business or personal relationship between the individual compensation advisors employed by Meridian and any member of the Compensation Committee; and (vi) any stock of the Company owned by Meridian or the individual compensation advisors employed by Meridian. The Compensation Committee has determined, based on its analysis in light of all relevant factors, including the factors listed above, that the work of Meridian and the individual compensation advisors employed by Meridian as compensation consultants to the Compensation Committee has not created any conflicts of interest, and that Meridian is independent pursuant to the independence standards set forth in the NYSE listing standards promulgated pursuant to Section 10C of the Exchange Act. Peer Group Analysis and Compensation Market Data To help assess the competitiveness of total compensation for each NEO, the Committee analyzed executive compensation data from the following two sources: (i) published proxies of companies specifically selected as proxy peer companies (the “Proxy Peer Group”), and (ii) the proprietary Equilar database (the “Equilar Peer Group”). For purposes of review, the Committee utilized data from the Proxy Peer Group as the primary data source to assess the competitive positioning for the CEO and CFO target compensation. Given the limited positional data available from proxies, the Committee utilized data from the Equilar Peer Group as the primary data source to assess competitive positioning for the other NEOs. Data from the Equilar Peer Group was considered a secondary data source for the CEO and CFO positions. The companies in the Proxy Peer Group and the Equilar Peer Group, indicated in the charts below, are similar to Wabash National in revenue, complexity, and market capitalization. With the help of information provided by Meridian, the Committee reviews annually both peer groups to confirm that they continue to be appropriate comparator groups for NEO compensation, and makes adjustments as it deems appropriate. The Committee believes the exercise of evaluating the peer groups is important because the availability of qualified executive talent is limited, and the design of our compensation program is important in helping us attract – and retain – qualified candidates by providing compensation that is competitive within the industries of industrial machinery, heavy trucks, and auto parts and equipment and the broader market for executive talent. The revenues listed in the charts below reflect those from the four quarters directly preceding the Committee’s December 2015 meeting, in which it reviewed and set the Company’s 2016 executive compensation programs. 34 2016 Proxy Peer Group Revenues ($, in millions) Market Cap as of Oct. 31, 2015 ($, in millions) $2,356 $705 $1,400 $2,127 $1,262 $1,859 $1,193 $840 $2,473 $1,219 $919 $2,204 $2,066 $2,148 $2,655 $3,766 $1,496 $1,704 $2,068 $3,044 $2,001 $1,262 $2,001 $2,204 $1,863 $5,818 $135 $1,361 $4,909 $2,064 $784 $525 $125 $4,077 $1,078 $941 $1,118 $859 $5,874 $3,542 $1,050 $403 $4,293 $580 $7,995 $2,893 $784 $1,118 $4,077 $796 Company A.O. Smith Accuride Corporation Actuant Corporation Allison Transmission Holdings, Inc. Barnes Group Briggs & Stratton Corporation Chart Industries, Inc. Commercial Vehicle Group, Inc. Donaldson Company EnPro Industries, Inc. Federal Signal Corporation Greenbrier Companies, Inc. Harsco Corporation IDEX Corporation ITT Corporation Meritor, Inc. Modine Manufacturing Company Nordson Corp. Tower International, Inc. Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies (Wabtec) Corporation Woodward, Inc. 25th Percentile Median 75th Percentile Wabash National Corporation 35 2016 Equilar Peer Group Company Flowserve Corp. Trinity Industries Inc. Colfax Corporation Xylem Inc. Harsco Corporation Pall Corporation ITT Corporation Donaldson Company A.O. Smith Corp. Tower International, Inc. IDEX Corporation Nordson Corporation TriMas Corporation Chart Industries Inc. Graco Inc. Barnes Group Inc. Drew Industries Inc. Meritor, Inc. Coherent Inc. Checkpoint Systems Inc. II-VI Inc. ESCO Technologies Inc. 25th Percintile Median 75th Percentile Wabash National Corporation Direct Compensation Elements Revenues ($, in millions) $ 4,878 $ 6,170 $ $ 4,624 3,916 $ $ 2,066 2,789 $ $ 2,655 2,473 $ $ 2,356 2,068 $ $ 2,148 1,704 $ $ 1,499 1,193 $ $ 1,221 1,262 $ $ 1,191 3,766 $ $ 795 662 $ $ 683 531 Market Value as of Oct. 31, 2015 ($, in millions) $ 6,067 $ 4,138 $ $ 3,349 6,531 $ 859 N/A $ $ 3,542 4,077 $ $ 5,818 580 $ $ 5,874 4,293 $ $ 906 525 $ $ 4,104 2,064 $ $ 1,444 1,050 $ $ 1,346 315 $ $ 1,151 968 $ 1,200 $ 968 $ 2,067 $ 2,064 $ 2,756 $ 4,138 $ 1,863 $ 796 The following information describes, in detail, each direct compensation element, including a discussion of performance metrics, where applicable. It is intended that this information be read in conjunction with the information provided in the tables that follow this CD&A. Base Salary In determining salary levels for each of our NEOs (other than our CEO), the Committee takes into consideration a competitive market assessment provided to it by Meridian, which analyzes the pay practices at the peer group companies listed above, as well as several subjective factors previously discussed on page 33. The Committee also considers each NEO’s current salary as compared to an internal Company salary grade range for other employees, as well as the salary practices of the relevant peer group. 36 In determining the salary level for our CEO, the Committee takes into consideration the Proxy Peer Group assessment addressed above, as well as the annual performance evaluation of our CEO conducted by the Board’s Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee. In 2016, the Compensation Committee increased our CEO’s salary by 3.0%, from $830,000 to $855,000 – considering the Proxy Peer Group data, as well as the results of his performance evaluation, which noted his significant role in leading the Company to another year of excellent financial performance levels. The Committee also approved increases for each of the other NEOs, as follows, in each case in order to better align the NEO’s base salary with the Proxy Peer Group data: increase to $375,000 for our CFO (15.4%); increase to $350,000 for our General Counsel (4.5%); increase to $390,000 for our Group President – DPG (4.0%); and increase to $415,000 for our COO (10.7%). Though Mr. Yeagy’s appointment to the position of COO took effect on October 1, 2016, an additional base salary increase for Mr. Yeagy as a result of this change in role did not occur until January 1, 2017. Short-Term Incentive Plan Our short-term incentive plan, or STI Plan, is designed to reward participants for meeting or exceeding financial and other performance goals during a calendar year, and is available to NEOs, as well as other executives and key associates. If STI Plan targets are met, participants receive a cash bonus. In short, we strive to pay for performance – we pay higher compensation when our management team achieves our predetermined goals, and lower compensation when it does not. The amount of the STI award actually paid to NEOs is determined by multiplying base salary by Target STI Rate (as described below under Approval of STI Rates) by Wabash National’s operating performance against the STI metrics (as described below under Performance Metrics for STI). Individual STI payouts cannot exceed the maximum as established in the approved plan. However, in addition to the satisfaction of performance metrics, participants in the STI Plan also had to meet or exceed personal performance criteria reviewed during the Company’s associate performance review process or their STI Award could be decreased or eliminated. Performance Metrics for the 2016 STI Plan For 2016, as in 2015, the Committee established Operating Income and Net Working Capital as the corporate- level performance metrics used in the calculation of STI awards. The Committee deemed these metrics appropriate for the short-term focus and business goals of the Company, as both metrics provide clear and easily measurable goals for Plan participants. For those participants in the STI Plan who were employed at the corporate level of the Company, including the following NEOs – Messrs. Giromini and Taylor, and Ms. Roth – payout under the STI Plan was contingent upon the achievement of pre-determined corporate-wide targets of Operating Income and Net Working Capital for Wabash National. Each performance metric was independent of the other in calculating whether corporate-level STI Plan participants would earn a STI Award, with 80% of the total STI Award dependent upon achievement of the Operating Income targets, and 20% upon achievement of the Net Working Capital targets. For those participants in the STI Plan who were employed at a segment business unit (“SBU”) level of the Company, including two of our NEOs – Messrs. Weber and Yeagy – 55% of any award made under the STI Plan was contingent upon the achievement of the pre-determined Operating Income target at the corporate level, 20% was contingent upon the achievement of the pre-determined Net Working Capital target at the corporate level, and the remaining 25% of the STI Plan award was contingent upon the achievement of pre-determined Operating Income targets at the applicable SBU level. The targets described above and Wabash National’s actual performance results are listed in the table below under “2016 Performance Results for STI.” Approval of STI Rates After review and consideration of peer group data and discussion with Meridian, the Committee approves target STI rates. In 2016, the Committee set target STI rates for our NEOs based on reference to the median target cash bonus rates of the relevant peer group. Our CEO’s target STI rate represents the rate set forth in his employment agreement, which the Proxy Peer Group data continues to indicate is an appropriate rate and consistent with the 37 median. In 2016, the rates for our NEOs were unchanged from 2015. The Committee’s 2016 approved STI Rates for each NEO are set forth below: Mr. Giromini Mr. Taylor Ms. Roth Mr. Weber Mr. Yeagy (1) Target STI Rate 100% 65% 60% 65% 65% (1) Mr. Yeagy began serving in his current role as COO effective October 1, 2016. Prior to that time, he served as senior vice president, group president – Commercial Trailer Products Group. However, the Target STI Rate set forth above for Mr. Yeagy did not change during 2016 as a result of his new role and therefore was applicable to his Base Salary for the full year. The Committee determined that, effective January 1, 2017, the Target STI Rate applicable to Mr. Yeagy’s Base Salary would increase to 75% as a result of his new role. 2016 Performance Results for STI For our NEOs employed at the corporate level, as well as for those employed at the SBU level, the amount of the Total STI Award paid in 2016 was calculated in two steps, as follows: Corporate-level NEOs SBU-level NEOs 1. Base Salary x Target STI Rate = Target STI Bonus 1. Base Salary x Target STI Rate = Target STI Bonus 2. Target STI Bonus 2. Target STI Bonus x (20% x Actual Corporate NWC Payout as a % of Target) x (20% x Actual Corporate NWC Payout as a % of Target) x (80% x Actual Corporate OI Payout as a % of Target) x (55% x Actual Corporate OI Payout as a % of Target) = Total STI Award Amount x (25% x SBU Corporate OI Payout as a % of Target) = Total STI Award Amount For Mr. Yeagy, who began serving as our president and chief operating officer effective October 1, 2016, nine months of his Total STI Award were calculated using the above formula for SBU-level NEOs and the remaining three months of his Total STI Award were calculated using the above formula for Corporate-level NEOs. Both the Operating Income and the Net Working Capital performance metrics under the STI Plan may be achieved at a threshold, target or maximum level. The threshold, target and maximum goals were based on various outcomes considered by the Compensation Committee, with the target amounts reflecting the Company’s operating budget approved by the Board. Because annual targets for performance goals are set at levels based on our expected financial performance for the year, the Committee believes that paying at 200% of a performance metric’s target for superior performance (set at 115% or greater of the applicable metric under the Board-approved operating budget) provides appropriate incentive to achieve outcomes clearly exceeding target expectations. However, by capping the potential payout for such superior performance, the Committee believes this reduces the risk that executives might be motivated to pursue excessively high short-term goals to maximize short-term payouts, at the expense of the long-term performance of the Company. The Committee further believes that threshold amounts, which are set at 85% or greater of the applicable metric under the Board-approved operating budget, represent sufficient performance to warrant incentive compensation, and that a potential payout equal to 50% of target is appropriate for such an achievement level. If the threshold level of performance for a particular goal is not achieved, the payout for that goal is zero. Actual performance payout is interpolated between the performance target levels set forth below. 38 The chart below details the goals necessary for the corporate–level NEOs (our CEO, CFO and General Counsel) to achieve STI payout in 2016, as well as the Company’s actual performance results, calculated in accordance with the STI Plan: (reported in millions, except for percentages) Net Working Capital ("NWC") 20% of STI Award Coporate Operating Income ("OI") 80% of STI Award Threshold 12.0% Target 11.0% Maximum 10.0% Actual 12.3% $160.0 million $190.0 million $220.0 million $202.5 million Performance Payout 50% 100% 200% Weighted Performance Payout to NEOs (as a % of target) 0% - NWC 142% - Corp OI 114% (Messrs. Giromini & Taylor, and Ms. Roth) The chart below details the corporate goals and the SBU Operating Income goals necessary for Messrs. Weber and Yeagy to achieve payout, as well as the actual performance results for the Commercial Trailer Products and Diversified Products business units, calculated in accordance with the STI Plan: (reported in millions, except for percentages) Corporate NWC 20% of STI Award Corporate OI 55% of STI Award Operating Income - Threshold 12.0% Target 11.0% Maximum 10.0% Actual 12.3% $160.0 million $190.0 million $220.0 million $202.5 million Commercial Trailer Products ("CTP") $138.0 million $163.9 million $189.7 million $212.4 million 25% of STI Award Operating Income - Diversified Products ("DPG") $41.9 million $49.7 million $57.5 million $24.6 million 25% of STI Award Performance Payout on SBU OI Results 50% 100% 200% Weighted Performance Payout to NEOs (as a % of target) 200% - CTP OI 0% - DP OI 125% - Mr. Yeagy (CTP)(1) 78% - Mr. Weber (DPG) (1) If Mr. Yeagy had continued to serve as senior vice president, group president – Commercial Trailer Products Group through December 2016, his Total STI Award would have been calculated using the formula for SBU- level NEOs, and his weighted award payout would have been 128%. As noted above, while actual performance against either metric might exceed the listed “Maximum” performance levels, STI Plan Awards are capped at a maximum of 200% of the STI Award that can be earned for meeting “Target” performance levels. The STI Plan Awards paid to each NEO under the STI Plan are also set forth in footnote 3 to the Summary Compensation Table below. The Committee did not exercise its authority to decrease or eliminate any NEO STI payouts for fiscal 2016. For fiscal 2016, STI award payouts to the NEOs represented approximately 19.5% of the total amount of STI award payouts to all eligible STI Plan participants. Long-Term Incentive Plan Our long-term incentive plan, or LTI Plan, is designed to reward our executives, including NEOs, for increasing stockholder value. It is also intended to be used as an attraction and retention tool in recruiting and promoting executive talent. We believe that equity-based awards are an important part of an equitable structure 39 because it is fair to our executives and to the Company that the level of rewards for our executives increase and decrease based on the return to stockholders. Approval of LTI Award Values In 2016, the Committee approved LTI awards consisting of Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) and Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”), each awarded under the stockholder-approved 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan. The Committee establishes LTI award grant values to the NEOs based on the following factors: level of responsibility, individual performance, peer group data, and the number of shares available under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Generally at its first regularly-scheduled Committee meeting each year, the Committee approves the anticipated LTI award values and mix after review and consideration of peer group data on target long-term incentives. At the time of grant, the Committee has the discretion to increase or decrease the base-level award to distinguish an individual’s level of past performance, to deliver particular LTI value, or to reflect other adjustments as the Committee deems necessary. The Committee calculates and approves the actual number of each type of award granted to each NEO by: (1) setting the overall LTI award value, taking into account the factors discussed above, which is generally expressed as a percentage of the NEO’s salary grade mid-point; (2) calculating, at the close of the market on the day of the award grants, the targeted value to apply to each of the PSUs and RSUs; and (3) dividing the overall LTI award value for each NEO by the RSU and PSU targeted values, to reach the targeted award mix (see LTI Award Mix below for a discussion of the 2016 approved LTI Award mix). For detail regarding the calculated values of each of the awarded RSUs and PSUs, see the Grants of Plan-Based Awards table and footnote 5 thereto. In establishing the LTI award values in 2016, the Committee increased the target LTI rates for our CEO (from 250% to 285% of salary grade mid-point) and CFO (from 125% to 135% of salary grade mid-point). The Committee determined that it was appropriate to make these changes in light of common market practices. The target LTI rate for our General Counsel, Group President – DPG and COO remained unchanged. The Committee’s 2016 approved LTI award rates and salary grade mid-point values for each NEO are set forth below: 2016 LTI Award Rate 2016 Salary Grade Mid-Point 2016 LTI Target Grant Value Mr. Giromini Mr. Taylor Ms. Roth Mr. Weber Mr. Yeagy (1) 285% 135% 110% 125% 125% $862,800 $476,100 $362,200 $424,600 $424,600 $2,458,980 $642,735 $398,420 $530,750 $530,750 (1) Similar to the Target STI Rate for 2016, the 2016 LTI Award Rate set forth above for Mr. Yeagy did not change during 2016 as a result of his new role and therefore was applicable to his 2016 Salary Grade Mid-Point for the full year. The Committee determined that, effective January 1, 2017, the LTI Award Rate applicable to Mr. Yeagy’s 2017 Base Salary would increase to 160% as a result of his new role. LTI Award Mix In 2016, the Committee approved a targeted award mix of 45% RSUs and 55% PSUs. The Committee believes this mix, which includes the removal of stock options in 2016, is appropriate to emphasize its goals of encouraging stock ownership in Wabash National, retaining NEOs in the long-term, focusing NEOs on long-term growth in stockholder value and setting compensation that is in line with market practice. The general terms for each form of equity awarded to the NEOs in 2016 are listed below: 40 PSUs RSUs Performance Metrics Relative Total Shareholder Return (54.5% weighting) and Cumulative EBITDA Performance (45.5% weighting) None, with the exception of the RSUs granted to our CEO, which were conditioned upon the Company achieving at least $50 million in Operating Income in 2016 Performance Period Three years None Vesting Period Earned awards, if any, vest in full on third anniversary of the grant date Award vests in full on third anniversary of the grant date Restrictions/Expiration Earned only upon achievement of at least threshold performance level, and paid out in Wabash National Common Stock upon vesting Restricted until vesting date, at which time they are settled in Wabash National Common Stock In addition to the restrictions listed above, all awards granted to the NEOs pursuant to the Company’s equity compensation plans are subject to the Company’s Stock Ownership Guidelines, which are discussed on page 44. See the Grants of Plan Based Awards table and footnotes on pages 50-51 for more information on LTI awards delivered to the NEOs, as well as the terms of the awards. The Committee views the PSUs as performance-based awards because PSUs can only be earned upon achievement of the three-year performance metrics established by the Committee. Additionally, the Committee views the RSU award to our CEO as performance-based, as the RSUs to be earned by Mr. Giromini were subject to a one- year performance period with a performance target of $50 million in Operating Income in fiscal year 2016, as well as a three-year time-based vesting period from the date of grant. The PSUs awarded to all NEOs, as well as our CEO’s RSUs, are intended to be performance-based for purposes of preserving the tax deductibility of that portion of our NEOs’ compensation under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“the Code”). For fiscal 2016, the number of RSUs granted to the NEOs represented approximately 41% of the RSUs granted to all LTI Plan eligible participants, and the target number of PSUs granted (but not yet earned) to the NEOs represented approximately 52% of the target PSUs granted (but not yet earned) to all LTI Plan eligible participants. These proportions are consistent with our philosophy that as our associates, including NEOs, assume greater responsibility in the Company, a larger portion of incentive compensation should be focused on at-risk and long-term awards. PSU Performance Metrics The Committee established two independent performance metrics associated with the award of PSUs in 2016: (cid:2) Relative Total Shareholder Return (“RTSR”); and (cid:2) Cumulative EBITDA Performance. Each of these metrics are independent of the other in calculating whether LTI Plan participants will earn the PSUs attributable to such metric, with RTSR weighted at 30% of the total LTI Award and Cumulative EBITDA Performance weighted at 25% of the total LTI Award. The Committee chose these metrics to emphasize the Company’s continued focus on growth and the creation of stockholder value in the long term, and determined that RTSR should be weighted slightly more heavily than Cumulative EBITDA to create greater direct alignment with stockholder returns. 41 Relative Total Shareholder Return RTSR will be measured relative to a group of similarly cyclical companies over a three-year period, as the Committee believes this is the fairest way to track and reward Company performance with regard to stockholder return in a highly-cyclical industry. RTSR performance will be measured in relation to the following “Cyclical Peer Group”: Accuride Corp (ACW) Commercial Vehicle Group (CVGI) Navistar (NAV) Oshkosh (OSK) Tower International (TOWR) Modine (MOD) Meritor (MTOR) Federal Signal (FSS) Spartan Motors (SPAR) Paccar (PCAR) Actuant Corporation (ATU) Trinity Industries (TRN) In the event any Cyclical Peer Group company ceases to be an independent, publicly traded company, or spins off one of its businesses creating a stock split, during the performance period, the Committee may substitute an alternate cyclical company, in the order listed below: Crane Co. (CO) and Manitowoc Company (MTW). As of November 2016, Crane Co. replaced Accuride in the Cyclical Peer Group for the 2016 awards because Accuride ceased being an independent, publicly traded company. The Cyclical Peer Group companies were recommended following Meridian’s analysis to best correlate each company’s cycle length and position in cycle, as compared to that of Wabash National. The start of the RTSR performance period for the 2016 awards was the close of NYSE market on December 31, 2015 and Wabash National’s relative ranking versus the Cyclical Peer Group will be measured at the completion of the three-year performance period (close of NYSE market on December 31, 2018). RTSR performance will be measured on full-month stock performance for December 2015 versus December 2018 (using average closing stock price performance for each month), by including only those companies who are in the Cyclical Peer Group as of the close of business on December 31, 2015 and continue as independent, publicly traded companies on December 31, 2018. The Company must achieve an RTSR ranking level within the Cyclical Peer Group of nine or above by the end of the three-year performance period for the NEOs to earn at least 50% of the PSUs tied to the RTSR metric granted under the 2016 LTI Plan. The chart below details the potential RTSR award rates for various ranking levels that trigger payment of PSUs tied to the RTSR metric under the 2016 LTI Plan: Wabash National RTSR Ranking RTSR Award Rate 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th-13th 200% 190% 180% 160% 140% 120% 100% 75% 50% 0% Cumulative EBITDA Performance The performance period for measurement of Cumulative EBITDA Performance began with the start of the Company’s fiscal year on January 1, 2016 and will continue through the close of the Company’s fiscal year on December 31, 2018. 42 Operating EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation, impairment of intangibles and other non-operating income and expense. Cumulative EBITDA Performance is calculated by totaling the Company’s Operating EBITDA results from each of the three performance period fiscal years. The chart below details the level of Cumulative EBITDA Performance necessary for the NEOs to earn the PSUs tied to this metric granted under the 2016 LTI Plan: Cumulative EBITDA as % of Target Percent of PSU Target Value 115% 100% 74% < 74% 200% (Maximum) 100% (Target) 50% (Threshold) 0 If the Company fails to meet the “Threshold” performance level set forth above then our NEOs will not receive any portion of the PSU awards that are tied to this metric. And, while actual Cumulative EBITDA Performance might exceed the listed “Maximum” performance level, LTI Plan Awards are capped at a maximum of 200% of the LTI Award that can be earned for meeting “Target” performance levels. Actual performance payout is interpolated between the performance levels set forth above. Calculation of Total PSUs Earned at End of Three-Year Performance Period Assuming achievement of the goals associated with the RTSR and Cumulative EBITDA Performance metrics, the total number of PSUs that will be earned by the NEOs at the end of the three-year performance period will be calculated as follows: Number of PSUs granted (but not yet earned) to NEOs in 2016 x (54.5% x Actual RTSR Ranking Award Rate) x (45.5% x Actual Cumulative EBITDA Award Rate, as a Percentage of Target) = Total Earned PSUs Payout of PSUs for 2014 to 2016 Performance Cycle The PSUs granted on February 19, 2014 were subject to a three-year performance period established by the Compensation Committee in the Company’s 2014 LTI Plan, which ended on December 31, 2016. Under the Company’s 2014 LTI Plan, the Committee established two performance metrics – RTSR and Cumulative EBITDA Performance – for measurement over the three-year period. These metrics were independent of the other in calculating whether LTI Plan participants would earn the PSUs tied to such metric, with each metric weighted at 50% of the total LTI Award. As of December 31, 2016: (cid:2) (cid:2) The Company ranked 5th within the Cyclical Peer Group with regard to the RTSR metric (resulting in NEOs earning 140% of the portion of the award tied to that metric), and The Company achieved Cumulative EBITDA over the performance period of $651.5 million, which exceeded the “Maximum” performance level ($432 million) with regard to the Cumulative EBITDA Performance metric (resulting in NEOs earning 200% of the portion of the award tied to that metric). As a result, each NEO earned 170% of the targeted number of PSUs granted to them in February 2014. Each earned PSU vested on February 19, 2016, which was three years from the original date of grant. Upon vesting, each NEO received one share of the Company’s Common Stock for each fully vested PSU. 43 LTI Grant Practices Grants of equity awards are generally made to our executives, including NEOs, at one time each year pursuant to the LTI Plan. The Compensation Committee typically reviews and approves awards and award levels under the LTI Plan in February of each year in conjunction with regularly scheduled meetings of the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors, which occur after the release of year-end financial results from the previous year. While most of our equity awards are made at the above-described time period, we occasionally make grants of RSUs to executives at other times, including in connection with the initial hiring of a new executive or a promotion. We do not have any specific program, plan or practice related to the timing of equity award grants to executives in coordination with the release of non-public information. Mr. Giromini, who also serves as a director of the Company, has the authority to grant awards such as inducement grants within prescribed parameters under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan to Company associates who are not officers or directors of the Company. Mr. Giromini is the only officer who has the authority to grant these equity awards. No other executive officer has the authority to grant any equity awards under the Plan. COO Promotional Grant In connection with his appointment as our COO, Mr. Yeagy received a one-time grant of 18,000 restricted stock units on October 1, 2016, which will vest on October 1, 2019. Executive Stock Ownership Guidelines and Insider Trading Policy In February 2005, we first adopted stock ownership guidelines for our executive officers, including our NEOs. Upon evaluation of prevalent market practices, we revised these guidelines in September 2011. These guidelines are designed to encourage our executive officers to work towards and maintain a certain equity stake in the Company and more closely align their interests with those of other stockholders. Our current stock ownership guidelines provide that each executive is required to hold 65% of all Company shares received through the Company’s incentive compensation plans (the “Executive Holding Requirement”) until the executive achieves the target ownership levels set for his/her position. Once a Company executive has achieved his/her stated target ownership level, s/he is no longer required to adhere to the Executive Holding Requirement, unless and until his/her ownership level falls below the target. The target ownership levels are as follows: CEO President and Executive Vice Presidents Senior Vice Presidents Five (5) times base salary Three (3) times bese salary Two-and-one-half (2 1/2) times base salary For purposes of calculating target ownership levels, the following types of Company shares are counted: stock owned by the executive; vested and unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units; and, performance stock units deemed earned, but not yet vested. Company executives are required to comply with the guidelines immediately upon hire or promotion. However, executives may forfeit shares to pay taxes upon vesting of shares and/or the exercise price upon stock option exercise. The Compensation Committee reviews compliance with the guidelines on a periodic basis; as of December 31, 2016, all of our NEOs were in compliance. Under our Insider Trading Policy, our executive officers, including our NEOs are prohibited from engaging in: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) selling short our Common Stock; pledging of Company securities and/or holding Company securities in margin accounts; and hedging and/or offsetting transactions regarding our Common Stock. 44 Deductibility Cap on Executive Compensation Under Section 162(m) of the Code, and applicable Treasury regulations, no tax deduction is allowed for annual compensation in excess of $1,000,000 to the CEO and the three other most highly compensated officers other than the CFO. However, performance-based compensation, as defined in the Code, is fully deductible if the programs, among other requirements, are: (1) approved by stockholders, (2) the compensation is payable only upon attainment of pre-established, objective performance goals, and (3) the board committee that establishes such goals consists only of “outside directors” as defined for purposes of Section 162(m). The Committee strives to provide NEOs with compensation programs that will preserve the tax deductibility of compensation paid by Wabash National, to the extent reasonably practicable and to the extent consistent with Wabash National’s other compensation objectives. For 2016, all of the members of the Compensation Committee qualified as “outside directors,” as defined for purposes of Section 162(m). The Committee believes, however, that stockholders interests are best served by not restricting the Committee’s discretion and flexibility in structuring compensation programs, even though such programs may result in certain non-deductible compensation expenses. With the exception of approximately $466,400 of non-performance-based compensation paid to Mr. Giromini in 2016, all other 2016 executive compensation was fully deductible. As described in detail on pages 40-41 under LTI Award Mix, the Compensation Committee took steps in 2014, 2015 and 2016 to qualify a greater amount of our CEO’s compensation as deductible in the future by establishing an Operating Income performance metric that the Company must first meet prior to our CEO receiving annual grants of RSUs. Indirect Compensation Elements The following sections describe each indirect compensation element. It is intended that this information be read in conjunction with the information provided in the tables that follow this CD&A. Perquisites We offer our NEOs various perquisites that the Committee believes are reasonable to remain competitive. These perquisites constitute a small percentage of total compensation. The Committee conducts an annual review of perquisites offered to the NEOs as part of the Committee’s overall NEO compensation review process. For more information on these perquisites and to whom they are provided, see footnote 5 to the Summary Compensation Table. In addition to the items listed in the aforementioned footnote, NEOs, as well as other Company employees, are also provided access to general financial planning services and Wabash National-sponsored seats at a local sporting venue for personal use when not occupied for business purposes, both at no incremental cost to the Company. Retirement Benefit Plan Retirement Benefits The Company has adopted a Retirement Benefit Plan that is also applicable to our NEOs. The purpose of the plan is to clearly define benefits that are provided to qualified associates who retire from the workforce after service to the Company. Additional information regarding this Plan, including definitions of key terms and a quantification of retirement benefits, is set forth below in the section entitled Potential Payments on Termination or Change-in-Control. Tax-qualified Defined Contribution Plan We maintain a tax-qualified defined contribution plan in the form of a traditional 401(k) plan with a Roth 401(k) option, either of which is available to a majority of the Company’s associates, including the NEOs. The Company matches dollar-for-dollar the first 3% of compensation an associate places into these plans, and matches one-half of the next 2% contributed by the associate to the plan, up to federal limits. Any annual Company matches are reported under the “All Other Compensation” column, and related footnote 5, of the Summary Compensation Table. 45 Deferred Compensation Benefits We maintain a non-qualified, unfunded deferred compensation plan that allows our directors and eligible highly-compensated associates, including the NEOs, to voluntarily elect to defer certain forms of compensation prior to the compensation being earned and vested. We make the non-qualified plan available to our highly-compensated associates as a financial planning tool and as an additional method to save for retirement. Executive officers do not receive preferential earnings on their deferred compensation. As a result, we do not view earnings received on contributions to the deferred compensation plan as providing executives with additional compensation. All deferred compensation benefits are designed to attract, retain, and motivate associates. Such deferred compensation benefits are commonly offered by companies with whom we compete for talent. The Company matches dollar-for-dollar the first 3% of compensation an associate places into the non- qualified deferred compensation plan, and matches one-half of the next 2% the associate contributes to the plan. Any annual Company matches are reported under the “All Other Compensation” column, and related footnote 5, of the Summary Compensation Table. Participants in the Deferred Compensation Plan are general creditors of the Company. See the Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Table below for additional information. Potential Payments Upon Change-in-Control and Other Potential Post-Employment Payments Executive Severance Plan On December 9, 2015, the Company adopted the Wabash National Corporation Executive Severance Plan (the “ESP”). The ESP became effective as of January 1, 2016 and was adopted to provide enhanced severance protections to certain executives who are designated by the Compensation Committee as eligible to participate in the ESP, including all of the NEOs. The ESP is not intended to duplicate any benefits that may be provided under other Company compensation plans or arrangements, but rather to provide enhanced benefits to certain executives who agree to execute a release, non-compete, and non-solicitation agreement with the Company upon termination. For additional information regarding the ESP, including definitions of key terms and benefits, see the section entitled Potential Payments on Termination or Change in Control. Other Severance and Change-in-Control Agreements In 2016, we did not have individual employment or severance agreements with any of our NEOs, other than an employment agreement with Mr. Giromini, which automatically renews on an annual basis unless either the Board or Mr. Giromini chooses not to renew it. Mr. Giromini’s agreement provides for payments and other benefits if his employment terminates based upon certain qualifying events, such as termination “without cause” or leaving employment for “good reason.” The Board believed these terms, which were originally negotiated when Mr. Giromini was initially hired in 2002, were necessary to hire Mr. Giromini and were consistent with industry practice. In deciding to renew Mr. Giromini’s contract in 2016, the Board determined that such terms remained consistent with industry practice. For more information on Mr. Giromini’s employment agreement, see pages 59-62. We have adopted a Change in Control Plan applicable to NEOs, as well as other executives of the Company, as specifically designated by our Board of Directors. We determined that this plan was appropriate based on the prevalence of similar plans within the market, as well as the dynamic nature of the business environment in which we operate. We also believe the Change in Control Plan, similar to the severance provisions of Mr. Giromini’s employment agreement, is an appropriate tool to motivate executive officers to exhibit the proper behavior when considering potential business opportunities. By defining compensation and benefits payable under various merger and acquisition scenarios, change-in-control agreements enable the NEOs to set aside personal financial and career objectives and focus on maximizing stockholder value. These agreements help to minimize distractions such as the officer’s concern about what may happen to his or her position, and help to keep the officer focused on the Company’s and its stockholders’ best interests in analyzing opportunities that may arise. Furthermore, they ensure continuity of the leadership team at a time when business continuity is of paramount concern. Under the terms of his employment 46 agreement as amended in December 2010, and renewed most recently in 2016, Mr. Giromini is entitled to receive the greater of the benefits pursuant to our Change in Control Plan or his employment agreement, but not both. Additional information regarding these provisions, including a definition of key terms and a quantification of benefits that would be received assuming a triggering event on December 31, 2016, is set forth below in the Potential Payments on Termination or Change in Control – Payment and Benefit Estimates table. Executive Life Insurance Program Pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement, we maintain a life insurance policy on Mr. Giromini. We have purchased and maintain this policy but provide Mr. Giromini with an interest in the death benefit. Mr. Giromini is responsible for taxes on the income imputed in connection with this agreement under Internal Revenue Service rules. Upon termination of employment, the life insurance policy will be assigned to Mr. Giromini or his beneficiary. This was a negotiated benefit entered into when Mr. Giromini began employment with the Company. Compensation Committee Report The Compensation Committee reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis set forth in this Proxy Statement. Based on the review and discussion, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Proxy Statement and in the Wabash National Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 (including through incorporation by reference to this Proxy Statement). COMPENSATION COMMITTEE Martin C. Jischke James D. Kelly John E. Kunz Larry J. Magee Ann D. Murtlow Scott K. Sorensen Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors in 2016 consisted of Dr. Jischke, Mrs. Murtlow and Messrs. Kelly, Kunz, Magee and Sorensen. None of these individuals is currently, or has ever been, an officer or associate of Wabash National or any of our subsidiaries. In addition, during 2016, none of our executive officers served as a member of a board of directors or on the compensation committee of any other entity that had an executive officer serving on our Board of Directors or on our Compensation Committee. 47 Executive Compensation Tables In this section, we provide tabular and narrative information regarding the compensation of our NEOs for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. Summary Compensation Table for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 The following table summarizes the compensation of the NEOs for the year ended December 31, 2016 and for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. The NEOs are the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and the three other most highly compensated executive officers in 2016 as determined by calculating total compensation pursuant to the table below. Name and Principle Position Richard J. Giromini Chief Executive Officer, Director Jeffery L. Taylor Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer Erin J. Roth Senior Vice President, General Counsel & Secretary Mark J. Weber Senior Vice President, Group President Diversified Products Brent L. Yeagy President, Chief Operating Officer Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation (3) Bonus (2) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $974,700 $1,715,616 $1,052,624 $277,875 $435,125 $198,673 $239,400 $415,362 $231,734 $197,730 $415,780 $260,686 $335,786 $503,175 Salary (1) $855,000 $857,808 $797,442 $375,000 $334,712 $273,654 $350,000 $346,135 $319,192 $390,000 $387,673 $364,596 $415,000 $387,058 Year 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 Stock Awards Option Awards (4) $2,770,403 $1,944,163 $1,500,825 $724,138 $472,981 $439,981 $448,881 $368,646 $303,681 $597,962 $472,981 $424,513 $597,962 $472,981 (4) - $412,776 $336,686 - $100,372 $68,138 - $78,322 $68,138 - $100,372 $95,243 - $100,372 All Other Compensation (5) Total ($) $161,703 $192,624 $166,634 $41,049 $43,162 $39,476 $28,470 $25,302 $25,233 $38,308 $47,471 $46,709 $39,230 $46,091 $4,761,806 $5,122,987 $3,854,210 $1,418,061 $1,386,352 $1,019,922 $1,066,751 $1,233,767 $947,978 $1,224,000 $1,424,277 $1,191,748 $1,387,977 $1,509,677 Director (1) (2) (3) $277,953 * All reported values are rounded to the nearest dollar; as a result, the value reported in the “Total” column $1,036,790 $303,681 $343,788 $68,138 $43,230 2014 - above may not reflect the sum of all other values reported in this table. This column includes base salary for each NEO, as well as amounts deferred by the NEOs under the Company’s Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan. For salary amounts deferred in 2016, see the first column of the Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation table on page 55. In prior years, this column reported actual base salary earnings for each NEO, which could differ from base salary if any regularly scheduled pay periods spanned over two fiscal years. For example, in 2015 and 2014, respectively, “base salary” for each of our NEOs was: Mr. Giromini - $830,000 and $800,000; Mr. Taylor - $325,000 and $275,000; Ms. Roth - $335,000 and $320,000; Mr. Weber - $375,000 and $365,000 and Mr. Yeagy - $375,000 and $345,000, which differs from the actual base salary earnings reported for each year. Our annual bonuses are performance based, not discretionary, and are therefore included as Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation in the table above. For 2016, Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation includes cash awards under the Company’s 2016 STI Plan. Cash awards earned for the performance period ending December 31, 2016 were paid to NEOs in March 2017 unless deferred by the NEO under the Company’s Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation 48 Plan. The following table shows the awards earned under the 2016 STI Plan. All reported values are rounded to the nearest dollar: 2016 STI Plan Awards Target Award as % of Base Salary Earnings 100% 65% 60% 65% 65% Base Salary Earnings $855,000 $375,000 $350,000 $390,000 $415,000 Actual Performance as % of Target 114% 114% 114% 78% 125% Award Amount $974,700 $277,875 $239,400 $197,730 $335,785 Name Richard J. Giromini Jeffery L. Taylor Erin J. Roth Mark J. Weber Brent L. Yeagy For additional information on our STI Plan structure in 2016, including plan metrics and performance measurements, see the CD&A relating to our STI Plan on pages 37-39. As noted on page 38 of our CD&A, Mr. Yeagy began serving as our COO effective October 1, 2016 and, as a result, nine months of his Total STI Plan Award were calculated using the formula for SBU-level NEOs and the remaining three months of his Total STI Plan Award were calculated using the formula for Corporate-level NEOs. (4) Amounts represent the aggregate grant date fair value of grants made to each NEO during 2016 under the Company’s 2016 LTI Plan, as computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. The values in these columns exclude the effect of estimated forfeitures. Grants in 2016 consisted of restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance stock units (PSUs) awarded under the Company’s stockholder-approved 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan. For the per-share grant date fair values applicable to the RSUs and PSUs see Grants of Plan Based Awards table. The following table shows the number of each award granted at “Target” performance levels under the 2016 LTI Plan: 2016 LTI Plan Awards Name Richard J. Giromini Jeffery L. Taylor Erin J. Roth Mark J. Weber Brent L. Yeagy RSUs PSUs (#) 93,695 24,490 15,181 20,223 20,223 (#) 114,516 29,933 18,555 24,717 24,717 As discussed in the CD&A, the PSUs reported above have not yet been earned by the NEOs and will be earned only upon achievement of the Committee-approved performance metrics during the three-year performance period. (See page 41). The PSUs reported above represent the “Target” payout level of PSUs. At “Maximum” payout level, assuming the Company achieves “Maximum” performance levels for both LTI performance metrics, the payout of PSUs would be 200% of “Target,” with award payouts to each of the NEOs as follows: Mr. Giromini – 229,032, with a grant date fair value of $2,704,868; Mr. Taylor – 59,866, with a grant date fair value of $707,017; Ms. Roth – 37,110, with a grant date fair value of $438,269; Mr. Weber – 49,434, with a grant date fair value of $583,816; and Mr. Yeagy – 49,434, with a grant date fair value of $583,816. All reported grant date fair values are rounded to the nearest dollar. For additional information on our LTI Plan structure in 2016, including plan metrics and performance measurements, see the CD&A relating to our LTI Plan on pages 39-44. All awards granted to the NEOs during 2016 are subject to the Company’s stock ownership guidelines. RSUs will vest in full three years after the grant date. Earned PSUs will vest three years after the grant date, providing each participant with one share of the Company’s common stock for each vested PSU. 49 Further information regarding the valuation of equity awards can be found in Note 8 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. We caution that the amounts reported in the table for equity awards and, therefore, total NEO compensation may not represent the amounts that the NEOs will actually realize from the awards. Whether, and to what extent, an NEO realizes value will depend on a number of factors, including our performance and stock price. (5) The following table provides details about each component of the “All Other Compensation” column. All reported values are rounded to the nearest dollar. Amounts in this column consist of: (i) payments with respect to our 401(k) and non-qualified deferred compensation plans; (ii) payments with respect to term life insurance for the benefit of the respective NEO; (iii) payments with respect to the Executive Life Insurance Plan; and (iv) miscellaneous compensation or perquisites. For 2016, the amount reported in “Misc Perquisites” for Mr. Giromini includes $69,647 in payments with respect to the Executive Life Insurance Plan. Name Richard J. Giromini Jeffery L. Taylor Erin J. Roth Mark J. Weber Brent L. Yeagy Company Contributions to Defined Contribution Plans Misc Perquisites Total All Other Compensation (a) $83,988 $36,915 $24,500 $34,018 $37,785 (b) $77,715 $4,134 $3,870 $4,290 $1,445 $161,703 $41,049 $28,370 $38,308 $39,230 (a) Company contributions to defined contribution plans include Company “matches” against cash compensation (salary or bonus) deferred by an NEO into the Company’s 401(k) and non- qualified deferred compensation plans. See the CD&A under Deferred Compensation Benefits and Retirement Benefits on pages 45-46, as well as the Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation table on page 55, for additional information regarding the Company’s deferred compensation match programs. (b) Miscellaneous perquisites include: amounts paid with respect to long-term disability insurance and term life insurance for the benefit of the respective NEO, including the Executive Life Insurance Plan for Mr. Giromini; executive physicals and health club discounts; credit monitoring services; Company matching contributions to health savings accounts; and, as applicable, tax gross ups associated with such benefits. Grants of Plan-Based Awards for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 Estimated Possible Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards (2) Estimated Possible Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards (3) Threshold Target Maximum Threshold Target Maximum Name Richard J. Giromini Jeffery L. Taylor Erin J. Roth Mark J. Weber Brent L. Yeagy Grant Date (1) 2/17/16 2/17/16 2/17/16 2/17/16 2/17/16 2/17/16 2/17/16 2/17/16 2/17/16 2/17/16 2/17/16 2/17/16 2/17/16 2/17/16 2/17/16 ($) (50% ) $427,500 - - ($) (100% ) $855,000 - - ($) (200% ) $1,710,000 - - $121,875 $243,750 $487,500 - - - - - - $105,000 $210,000 $420,000 - - - - - - $126,750 $253,500 $507,000 - - - - - - $134,875 $269,750 $539,500 - - - - - - (#) (50% ) (#) (100% ) - (#) (200% ) - 57,258 114,516 229,032 14,967 9,278 12,359 12,359 - - - - - - - - - 29,933 18,555 24,717 24,717 - - - - - - - - - 59,866 37,110 49,434 49,434 - - - - - - - - - - 50 All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares of Stock or Units (4) (#) Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards (5) ($) - - 93,695 - - 24,490 - - 15,181 - - 20,223 - - 20,223 - $1,663,865 $1,106,538 - $434,911 $289,227 - $269,593 $179,288 - $359,128 $238,834 - $359,128 $238,834 (1) As discussed under “LTI Grant Practices” in the CD&A above, the grant date of equity awards is set by our Board of Directors with a date that is generally the date the awards are approved by the Compensation Committee. (2) These columns show the range of cash payouts targeted for 2016 performance under our STI Plan as described in the section titled “Short-Term Incentive Plan” in the CD&A. In February 2016, the Compensation Committee recommended, and our Board of Directors approved, STI Plan awards for all eligible associates, including awards to the NEOs (for a detailed description of the awards, see pages 37-39 in the CD&A). (3) Represents the potential payout range of PSUs granted in 2016 pursuant to the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan. As set forth in the chart below, the number of PSUs actually earned by each NEO will be dependent upon meeting Company financial performance targets over a three-year performance period, as established in the Company’s 2016 LTI Plan. Under the Company’s 2016 LTI Plan, the Committee established two performance metrics – Relative Total Shareholder Return (“RTSR”) and Cumulative EBITDA Performance; these metrics are independent of the other in calculating whether LTI Plan participants will earn the PSUs, with RTSR weighted at 54.5% of the target value of the PSUs (30% of the overall 2016 LTI Award) and Cumulative EBITDA Performance weighted at 45.5% of the target value of the PSUs (25% of the overall 2016 LTI Award). No PSUs will be awarded unless the Company meets the “Threshold” achievement level on at least one of these metrics at the end of the three-year performance period. The maximum number of PSUs each NEO could earn, assuming the Company achieves the established “Maximum” performance level on each of the performance metrics, is listed in the “Maximum Achievement Level” column. For a detailed description of the awards and the PSUs the NEOs will earn as a result of Company achievement against each of the performance metrics described above, see pages 39-44 in the CD&A, under Long-Term Incentive Plan. The amounts reported in the table below have been rounded to the nearest whole PSU. Each earned PSU will vest in full on the three-year anniversary of the date of grant, which was February 17, 2016. Upon vesting, the recipient is entitled to receive one share of the Company’s Common Stock for each fully vested PSU. Dividends are not paid or accrued on the PSU awards unless and until the Company has met the performance metrics described above. Grant at Threshold Achievement Level of Each Performance Metric Grant at Target Achievement Level of Each Performance Metric Grant at Maximum Achievement Level of Each Performance Metric (#) (#) (#) Name Richard J. Giromini Jeffery L. Taylor Erin J. Roth Mark J. Weber Brent L. Yeagy Relative Total Shareholder Return Cumulative EBITDA Performance Relative Total Shareholder Return Cumulative EBITDA Performance Relative Total Shareholder Return Cumulative EBITDA Performance 31,206 8,157 5,056 6,735 6,735 26,052 6,810 4,221 5,623 5,623 62,411 16,313 10,112 13,471 13,471 52,105 13,620 8,443 11,246 11,246 124,822 32,627 20,225 26,942 26,942 104,210 27,239 16,885 22,492 22,492 (4) Amounts represent the number of RSUs granted pursuant to the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which vest in full on the three-year anniversary of the date of grant. These awards were granted on February 17, 2016, and upon vesting, the recipient is entitled to receive one share of the Company’s Common Stock for each fully vested RSU. Dividends, when paid, will accrue on RSUs at the same rate as on shares of our Common Stock, but any dividends so declared by the Company will not be paid to holders of RSUs unless and until the RSUs vest to the grantee. (5) The amounts shown in this column represent the grant date fair market value of the PSUs and RSUs granted on February 17, 2016, as determined pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 718, and exclude the effect of estimated forfeitures. The amount reported for the PSUs represents the grant date fair market value of the PSUs at “Target.” For PSUs, the fair value for 45.5% of the award (the portion of the award requiring achievement of established Cumulative EBITDA Performance metrics) was the market value of the underlying stock on the grant date (which was $11.81); the fair value for the other 54.5% of the PSU award (the portion of the award requiring achievement of established RTSR metrics, which is a market-based metric) was $16.80, which was calculated using a Monte 51 Carlo pricing model used to value market-based metrics. For RSUs, the fair value on the grant date was $11.81, which was the market value of the underlying stock on the dates of grant. Narrative to Summary Compensation Table and Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table For Mr. Giromini, the amounts disclosed in the tables above are in part a result of the terms of his employment agreement. We have no other employment agreements with our NEOs. Effective January 1, 2007, the Board appointed Mr. Giromini to serve as Chief Executive Officer and his employment agreement was amended. The following is a description of Mr. Giromini’s employment agreements in effect since 2002. In June 2002, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Giromini to serve as Chief Operating Officer effective July 15, 2002 through July 15, 2003. Mr. Giromini’s initial base salary was $325,000 per year, subject to annual adjustments. On January 1, 2007, in connection with Mr. Giromini becoming our Chief Executive Officer, we entered into an amendment to his employment agreement to provide that Mr. Giromini’s title and duties would be those of the President and Chief Executive Officer. The amendment provided that Mr. Giromini would receive an annual base salary of not less than $620,000, with eligibility for an annual incentive bonus targeted at 80% of his base salary, which was increased by the Compensation Committee in February 2010 to 100% of his base salary. The actual annual incentive bonus for Mr. Giromini may range from 0% to 200% of base salary and is determined at the discretion of the Compensation Committee on an annual basis, based upon Company and individual performance criteria set by the Committee each year. In addition, Mr. Giromini is entitled to payment of an additional sum to enable him to participate in an executive life insurance program. Effective December 31, 2010, we entered into an amendment to his employment agreement for purposes of clarifying language in connection with Section 409A of Code. The term of Mr. Giromini’s employment agreement is one year, but it automatically renews for an additional year unless either the Board or Mr. Giromini chooses not to renew the agreement by providing notice to the other party not less than 60 days prior to the end of the then current term. As such, at least 60 days prior to the end of the one-year term, the Compensation Committee evaluates the agreement and Mr. Giromini’s performance to determine if the agreement should renew for another one-year term. Mr. Giromini’s agreement provides for payments and other benefits if his employment terminates based upon certain qualifying events, such as termination “without cause” or leaving employment for “good reason.” The Board believed these terms, which were originally negotiated when Mr. Giromini was initially hired in 2002, were necessary to hire Mr. Giromini and were consistent with industry practice at that time. In deciding to allow Mr. Giromini’s contract to renew in 2016, the Board determined that such terms remained consistent with industry practice. A description of the termination provisions, whether or not following a change-in-control, and a quantification of benefits that would be received by Mr. Giromini can be found under the heading “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change-in-Control.” 52 Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End December 31, 2016 Option Awards Stock Awards (1) Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Unexercisable (#) Option Exercise Price ($) - - - - 13,457 - 31,200 - - 2,723 - - 7,586 - - - 2,723 - 5,920 - - - - - - 3,807 - 7,586 - - - - 2,723 - 7,586 - - $8.57 $10.21 $10.85 $9.61 $13.32 - $14.16 - $9.61 $13.32 - - $14.16 - $10.85 $9.61 $13.32 - $14.16 - $3.59 $2.06 $10.21 $10.85 $9.61 $13.32 - $14.16 - $14.19 $10.85 $9.61 $13.32 - $14.16 - - Number of Shares or Units of Stock that Have Not Yet Vested (#) (2) Market Value of Shares of Stock That Have Not Vested ($) Option Expiration Date Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (2) Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Yet Vested (#) ($) 2/6/2018 2/23/2021 2/23/2022 2/20/2023 2/19/2024 - 2/17/2025 - 2/20/2023 2/19/2024 - - 2/17/2025 - 2/23/2022 2/20/2023 2/19/2024 - 2/17/2025 - 2/11/2019 1/5/2020 2/23/2021 2/23/2022 2/20/2023 2/19/2024 - 2/17/2025 - 5/24/2017 2/23/2022 2/20/2023 2/19/2024 - 2/17/2025 - - - - - - 37,889 109,803 44,284 93,695 - 7,840 22,219 10,000 10,930 24,490 - - 7,840 22,219 8,520 15,181 - - - - - 10,960 31,059 10,930 20,223 - - - 7,840 22,219 10,930 20,223 18,000 (3) (4) (5) (6) (3) (4) (9) (5) (6) (3) (4) (5) (6) (3) (4) (5) (6) (3) (4) (5) (6) (10) - - - - $599,404 $1,737,083 $700,573 $1,482,255 - $124,029 $351,505 $158,200 $172,913 $387,432 - - $124,029 $351,505 $134,786 $240,163 - - - - - $173,387 $491,353 $172,913 $319,928 - - - $124,029 $351,505 $172,913 $319,928 $284,760 - - - - - - - - - - - - 74,890 114,516 (7) (8) $1,184,760 $1,811,643 - - - - - - - - 18,220 29,933 (7) (8) $288,240 $473,540 - - - - - - - - 14,200 18,555 (7) (8) $224,644 $293,540 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18,220 24,717 (7) (8) $288,240 $391,023 - - - - - - - - - - (7) (8) 18,220 24,717 - $288,240 $391,023 - (2) Market Value of Unexercised Options ($) $422,675 $538,846 $587,603 $451,405 $100,925 - $77,688 - $28,690 $20,425 - - $18,891 - $60,684 $55,083 $20,425 - $14,741 - $29,988 $91,724 $168,300 $144,279 $110,849 $28,550 - $18,891 - $12,225 $98,456 $75,638 $20,425 - $18,891 - - Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable (#) 58,300 96,051 118,230 72,690 26,913 - 15,600 - 4,620 5,447 - - 3,794 - 12,210 8,870 5,447 - 2,960 - 2,452 6,666 30,000 29,030 17,850 7,613 - 3,794 - 7,500 19,810 12,180 5,447 - 3,794 - - Name Grant Date Richard J. Giromini Jeffery L. Taylor Erin J. Roth Mark J. Weber Brent L. Yeagy 2/6/2008 2/23/2011 2/23/2012 2/20/2013 2/19/2014 2/19/2014 2/17/2015 2/17/2016 2/20/2013 2/19/2014 2/19/2014 9/16/2014 2/17/2015 2/17/2016 2/23/2012 2/20/2013 2/19/2014 2/19/2014 2/17/2015 2/17/2016 2/11/2009 1/5/2010 2/23/2011 2/23/2012 2/20/2013 2/19/2014 2/19/2014 2/17/2015 2/17/2016 5/24/2007 2/23/2012 2/20/2013 2/19/2014 2/19/2014 2/17/2015 2/17/2016 10/1/2016 (1) The vesting date of each service-based option award that is not otherwise fully vested is listed below by expiration date: Expiration Date 2/19/2024 2/17/2025 Vesting Schedule and Date One equal installment on February 19, 2017. Two equal installments on February 19, 2016 and 2017. (2) For options, calculated by multiplying any positive difference between the option exercise price and the closing price of our Common Stock on December 30, 2016, which was $15.82, by the number of listed options 53 that have not been exercised (vested and unvested). No value is shown for “underwater” options. For restricted stock, RSUs and PSUs, calculated by multiplying the closing price of our Common Stock on December 30, 2016 ($15.82) by the number of listed shares (earned and unearned). All reported numbers have been rounded to the nearest dollar. (3) 2014 RSU Award. Granted on February 19, 2014. Vested on February 19, 2017. (4) 2014 PSU Award. Granted on February 19, 2014. The amounts reported above for each NEO reflect the PSUs that were earned by each NEO as of December 31, 2016, which was the end of the three-year performance period, as established by the Committee in the Company’s 2014 LTI Plan. Under the Company’s 2014 LTI Plan, the Committee established two performance metrics – Relative Total Shareholder Return (“RTSR”) and Cumulative EBITDA Performance; these metrics were independent of the other in calculating whether LTI Plan participants would earn the PSUs, with each metric weighted at 50% of the total LTI Award. As described more fully in the section entitled Payout of PSUs for 2014 to 2016 Performance Cycle on page 43 as of December 31, 2016, the Company performed at the 140% performance level with regard to the RTSR metric, and exceeded the “Maximum” performance level with regard to the Cumulative EBITDA Performance metric (resulting in NEOs earning 200% of the portion of the award tied to that metric). As such, each NEO earned 170% of the targeted number of PSUs granted to them in February 2014. Each earned PSU vested on February 19, 2017, which was three years from the original date of grant. Upon vesting, each NEO received one share of the Company’s Common Stock for each fully vested PSU. (5) 2015 RSU Award. Granted on February 17, 2015. Vests on February 17, 2018. (6) 2016 RSU Award. Granted on February 17, 2016. Vests on February 17, 2019. (7) 2015 PSU Award. Granted on February 17, 2015. The amounts reported above for each NEO reflect the PSUs that would be earned by each NEO at “Target” achievement levels, assuming the Company meets the financial performance targets over a three-year performance period, as established by the Committee in the Company’s 2015 LTI Plan. Under the Company’s 2015 LTI Plan, the Committee established two performance metrics – RTSR and Cumulative EBITDA Performance; these metrics are independent of the other in calculating whether LTI Plan participants will earn the PSUs, with each metric weighted at 50% of the total LTI Award. No PSUs will be awarded unless the Company meets the “Threshold” achievement level on at least one of these metrics at the end of the three-year performance period. Each earned PSU will vest in full on the three-year anniversary of the date of grant. Upon vesting, the recipient is entitled to receive one share of the Company’s Common Stock for each fully vested PSU. (8) 2016 PSU Award. Granted on February 17, 2016. The amounts reported above for each NEO reflect the PSUs that would be earned by each NEO at “Target” achievement levels, assuming the Company meets the financial performance targets over a three-year performance period, as established by the Committee in the Company’s 2016 LTI Plan. Under the Company’s 2016 LTI Plan, the Committee established two performance metrics – RTSR and Cumulative EBITDA Performance; these metrics are independent of the other in calculating whether LTI Plan participants will earn the PSUs, with RTST weighted at 54.5% of the target value of the PSUs (30% of the overall 2016 LTI Award) and Cumulative EBITDA Performance weighted at 45.5% of the target value of the PSUs (25% of the overall 2016 LTI Award). No PSUs will be awarded unless the Company meets the “Threshold” achievement level on at least one of these metrics at the end of the three-year performance period. For a detailed description of the awards and the PSUs the NEO’s would earn as a result of Company achievement against each of the performance metrics described above, see pages 39-44 in the CD&A, under Long-Term Incentive Plan. Each earned PSU will vest in full on the three year anniversary of the date of grant. Upon vesting, the recipient is entitled to receive one share of the Company’s Common Stock for each fully vested PSU. (9) Award to Mr. Taylor in connection with his appointment as our Senior Vice President – Chief Financial Officer. Granted on September 16, 2014. Vests on September 16, 2017. (10) Award to Mr. Yeagy in connection with his appointment as our COO and upon his appointment as a director. Granted on October 1, 2016. Vests on October 1, 2019. 54 The following table sets forth information concerning the exercise of options and the vesting of stock awards during 2016 by each of the NEOs: Option Exercises and Stock Vested Option Awards (1) Stock Awards Name Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#) Value Realized on Exercise ($) Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting (#) Richard J. Giromini 90,000* $117,900 Jeffery L. Taylor - - Erin J. Roth 25,650* $83,117 Mark J. Weber 16,400* $73,328 Brent L. Yeagy 22,987* $101,387 * Cashless sale transactions (1) Values are based on the closing stock price on the date of vesting. (2) Restricted stock units that vested on February 20, 2016. (3) Performance units that vested on February 20, 2016. 45,760 (2) 103,734 (3) 2,910 (2) 6,596 (3) 10,150 (2) 23,001 (3) 11,240 (2) 25,466 (3) 7,670 (2) 17,391 (3) Value Realized on Vesting ($) $540,426 $1,225,099 $34,367 $77,899 $119,872 $271,642 $132,744 $300,753 $90,583 $205,388 Eligible highly-compensated associates, including the NEOs, may defer receipt of all or part of their cash compensation (base salary and annual non-equity incentive compensation) under the non-qualified deferred compensation plan. Amounts deferred under this program are invested among the investment funds available under the program from time to time pursuant to the participant’s direction and participants become entitled to the returns on those investments. Under the plan, participants may elect to receive the funds in a lump sum or in up to 10 annual installments following retirement, as well as limited in-service distributions. The deferred compensation plan is unfunded and subject to forfeiture in the event of bankruptcy. The following table sets forth information concerning NEOs’ contributions and earnings with respect to the Company’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan: Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Executive Contribution Registrant Contribution Aggregate Earnings (in Last FY) (in Last FY) (in Last FY) Name Richard J. Giromini Jeffery L. Taylor Erin J. Roth Mark J. Weber Brent L. Yeagy (1) $432,630 $157,688 $17,500 $29,387 $54,329 (2) $73,188 $26,115 $14,000 $23,509 $30,031 (3) $150,195 $11,012 $10,880 $21,690 $73,878 Aggregate Withdrawls/Distributions - $24,156 - $52,813 $12,936 Aggregate Balance (at Last FYE) (4) $1,630,226 $132,936 $152,018 $232,308 $797,764 (1) Amounts reflected in this column represent a portion of each NEO’s salary deferred in 2016. It also reflects the portion of the STI award earned in 2016, but not paid until 2017, that each NEO elected to defer. It does not reflect the portion of the STI award earned in 2015, but paid in 2016, that each NEO elected to defer. These amounts are also included in the “Salary” and “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” columns in the Summary Compensation Table on page 48. (2) Registrant contributions consist of a match against earnings deferred by a participant under the non-qualified deferred compensation plan. The Company fully matches the first 3% of earnings deferred by a participant under 55 the non-qualified deferred compensation plan. In addition, the Company will contribute ½% for each additional percent of deferred earnings contributed by the participant, up to a maximum of 5% total of the participant’s deferred earnings (thus resulting in a maximum of a 4% Company match on a participant’s deferral of 5% of his/her earnings). The amounts in this column represent the Company’s matching contributions during the fiscal year, as well as its match against the portion of the STI award, earned in 2016 but not paid until 2017, each NEO elected to defer. These amounts are also included in the Summary Compensation Table under the “All Other Compensation” column on page 48. (3) Amounts reflected in this column include changes in plan values during the last fiscal year, as well as any dividends and interest earned by the plan participant with regard to the investment funds chosen by such participant during the fiscal year. (4) The amounts reported in this column do not reflect the executive or registrant contributions associated with the STI awards earned in 2016, but not paid until 2017 (i.e. executive or registrant contributions after the close of the Company’s last fiscal year). The following represents the extent to which the amounts that are reported in this aggregate balance column were previously reported as compensation to our NEOs in our Summary Compensation Tables in 2016 and prior years: 2016 Prior Years Name Richard J. Giromini Jeffery L. Taylor Erin J. Roth Mark J. Weber Brent L. Yeagy ($) $76,950 $33,750 $31,500 $35,100 $37,350 ($) $626,269 $73,616 $102,148 $254,147 $265,887 Potential Payments on Termination or Change-in-Control The section below describes the payments that may be made to NEOs in connection with a change-in-control or pursuant to certain termination events in 2016. Retirement Benefit Plan The Company has adopted a Retirement Benefit Plan that is applicable to all employees, including our NEOs. Prior to 2016, under the Retirement Benefit Plan, “Regular Retirees” and “Early Retirees” were entitled to certain benefits upon his/her date of retirement. A “Regular Retiree” was defined as an executive attaining at least 65 years of age or older entering the tenth year of Company service, and an “Early Retiree” was defined as an executive attaining at least 55 years of age and entering the fifth year of Company service. Together, Regular Retirees and Early Retirees are referred to as “Retirees.” The plan provided that all Retiree awards continue to vest, as scheduled, in the calendar year of retirement. Early Retirees had three years from their retirement date to exercise options but not more than 10 years from the original date of grant. Regular Retirees had 10 years from the original grant date to exercise options. Retirees who were eligible to receive, and had received, PSUs and RSUs, which typically vest in full three years after the grant date, received a prorated award based on the Retiree’s period of participation (but, in the case of PSUs, only once the performance metrics to earn such awards have been satisfied). In the event of death and disability, as defined in each outstanding equity award agreement, outstanding and equity awards vested in a manner consistent with vesting provisions applicable to Early Retirees. Regardless of the effective date of retirement, Retirees were entitled to payment of all eligible and unused vacation pay, payable under and calculated pursuant to state law and Company policy, which accrued in the year of retirement. Retirees were also eligible to receive a prorated incentive in lieu of bonus, if a short-term incentive was otherwise paid to eligible associates, the year following retirement. Retirees were not required to be actively employed by the Company on the date a short-term incentive payment is made. Additionally, retirees celebrating a 5, 10, 15, 20 or greater service anniversary in their year of retirement received a service award that is generally available to all 56 associates. Retirees could also elect to continue health care benefits generally available to all associates, in accordance with applicable state and Federal COBRA laws, and could convert their basic company paid life insurance to term life insurance per state and Federal laws and pursuant to the applicable life insurance plan document. Beginning in 2016, the definition of “Retirees” under the Retirement Benefit Plan changed. However, this change does not impact LTI awards made prior to 2016, as the LTI Plan documents (including outstanding equity award agreements) adopted by the Compensation Committee prior to 2016 all specify that the definition of Retirees in effect at the time of the grant of the award shall control throughout the life of the applicable awards. Beginning in 2016, “Retiree” is defined as: (a) an associate attaining at least 65 years of age, with no service requirement, as of his/her date of Retirement, or (b) an associate attaining at least 55 years of age, who has completed his/her 10th year of service with the Company as of his/her date of Retirement. Retirees will have 10 years from the original grant date to exercise vested options, and all unvested options as of a Retiree’s date of Retirement shall be forfeited. Retirees who will be eligible to receive PSUs, which typically vest in full three years after the grant date (subject to the achievement of the applicable performance objectives during the applicable performance period), will receive a prorated award based on the Retiree’s period of participation. Retirees who will be eligible to receive RSUs, which typically vest in full three years after the grant date, will receive the full amount of any granted award so long as the Retiree’s date of Retirement is at least 12 months after the Grant Date of any RSU, otherwise any unvested RSU shall be forfeited. Additionally, beginning in 2016, all outstanding and prospective equity awards shall vest in full (and without proration) in the event of the death or disability, as each of those terms are defined in each equity award agreement, of an executive. This change also does not impact LTI awards made prior to 2016, as the LTI Plan documents (including outstanding equity award agreements) adopted by the Compensation Committee prior to 2016 all specify that the terms of those awards shall control throughout the life of the applicable awards. All other terms and conditions of the Retirement Benefit Plan in effect prior to 2016 remain unchanged. Executive Severance Plan As noted previously in the CD&A, the Company adopted an Executive Severance Plan (“ESP”) in 2015 that became effective January 1, 2016, which may provide additional benefits to certain designated executives, including our NEOs, in the event we terminate their employment without cause. We determined this plan was appropriate for use with certain executives, including our NEOs, having significant knowledge of and responsibility for our business, as it reflected market practices for securing certain promises from executives in exchange for the provision of superior benefits in the event of a termination without cause. To participate in the ESP, each executive who is designated by the Compensation Committee as an eligible employee must agree to the terms and conditions of the ESP by signing a participation agreement and returning it to the Company within 30 days after being designated as an eligible employee. For purposes of determining severance benefits under the ESP, each participant will be designated by the Committee as either a “Tier I” participant (our CEO), a “Tier II” participant (certain executives, including the other NEOs) or a “Tier III” participant. Pursuant to the ESP, NEOs whose employment is terminated by the Company without cause (and not as a result of disability or death) would be entitled to receive the following severance benefits: (cid:2) (cid:2) Severance payments equal to a multiple of the sum of the participant’s: (a) annual base salary and (b) target annual incentive bonus (STI Award) for the year of termination, payable in installments over the applicable severance period. The applicable multiple for the CEO is two times the above sum. The applicable multiple for the other NEOs is one and a half times the above sum; A pro-rated annual cash incentive bonus (STI Award) for the year of termination, based upon actual Company performance through the end of the performance period in which termination occurs; 57 (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Payment of any annual cash incentive bonus (STI Award) that was otherwise earned for the fiscal year that ended prior to the termination of the participant’s employment, to the extent not previously paid; Subject to the participant’s election of COBRA coverage, payment or reimbursement of the Company’s portion of medical, dental and vision care premiums for a period equal to: (a) 24 months for the CEO, or; (b) 18 months for the other NEOs; Outplacement services with a cost to the Company not in excess of $30,000; and each outstanding equity award will be treated as provided in the applicable Company equity plan and award agreement. For purposes of the Plan, “cause” (as a reason for termination of employment) is defined as provided in a participant’s employment agreement with the Company, if applicable. Otherwise, “cause” generally is defined as: (i) a participant’s willful and continued failure to perform his or her principal duties; (ii) conviction of, or a plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, any misdemeanor involving moral turpitude or dishonesty or any felony; (iii) illegal conduct or gross misconduct which results in material and demonstrable damage to the business or reputation of the Company or an affiliate; (iv) gross negligence resulting in material economic harm to the Company or an affiliate; (v) material violation of the Company’s applicable Code of Business Conduct and Ethics or similar policy; or (vi) a participant’s breach of the restrictive covenants set out in the Plan (as described below). To receive any of the severance benefits described above, a participant must agree to release all claims against the Company and its affiliates. In addition, to participate in and receive any severance benefits under the Plan, each participant must comply with covenants not to compete with the Company, not to solicit or interfere with customers of the Company and not to solicit Company employees or contractors, in each case for a period equal to 24 months following termination, in the case of our CEO, or 18 months following termination, in the case of our other NEOs. Receipt of severance benefits under the Plan is also conditioned upon compliance with confidentiality and non- disparagement restrictions, as well as the return of Company property and cooperation with investigative, administrative, regulatory and judicial proceedings as reasonably requested by the Company. The Plan is not intended to duplicate any benefits that may be provided under other Company compensation plans or arrangements. As a result, if a participant’s employment is terminated in connection with a change in control of the Company in circumstances that would entitle the participant to severance benefits under the Wabash National Corporation Change in Control Severance Pay Plan (the “Change in Control Plan”), the participant will receive severance benefits only under the Change in Control Plan. Similarly, if a participant’s employment is terminated in circumstances that would entitle the participant to severance benefits under an employment agreement with the Company or an affiliate, the participant will receive severance benefits only under whichever arrangement provides the greater aggregate severance benefits. Change-in-Control We provide severance pay and benefits in connection with a “change in control” and Qualifying Termination, as defined below, to the Company’s executive officers, including all of the NEOs, in accordance with the terms of a change in control plan that we adopted in September 2011 (the “Change in Control Plan”). For the purposes of this paragraph, a “change in control” means that (i) any person or group, other than any person or group that owns more than 50% of the total fair market value of Company stock prior to such transaction, acquires ownership of stock of the Company that, together with stock previously held by such person or group, constitutes more than 50% of the total fair market value of Company stock; (ii) there is a change in the effective control of the Company which means either (A) any one person or group, acquires (or has acquired during the 12-month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such person or persons) ownership of stock of Company that represents 30% or more of the total voting power of Company stock, or (B) a majority of members of the Board is replaced during any 12-month period by directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the members of the Board prior to the date of the appointment or election; or (iii) any person or group acquires ownership of all or substantially all of the assets of Company. Benefits under the policy are payable in the event of a termination within 24 months after a change in control that is either by the Company “without cause” or by the executive for “good reason” (a “Qualifying 58 Termination”). An executive must execute a release in favor of the Company to receive benefits under the Change in Control Plan. Mr. Giromini will not receive payments under our Change in Control Plan if he is entitled to greater benefits under the terms of his employment agreement, as described below. Our 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan provides that, upon a “change in control” in which awards are not assumed, all outstanding restricted stock, deferred stock units, and dividend equivalent rights, other than unearned performance- based awards, shall vest in full and shares shall be delivered immediately prior to the occurrence of such change in control. All outstanding stock options and stock appreciation rights shall either (i) become immediately exercisable for a period of 15 days prior to the scheduled consummation of the corporate transaction or (ii) our Board, or a committee thereof, may elect, in its sole discretion, to cancel any outstanding awards of stock options, restricted stock, deferred stock units and/or stock appreciation units and pay to the holder, in the case of restricted stock or deferred stock units, an amount equal to the formula or fixed price per share paid to holders of shares of stock pursuant to such change in control and, in the case of options or stock appreciation rights, an amount equal to the product of the number of shares of stock subject to such options or stock appreciation rights multiplied by the amount, if any, by which (x) the formula or fixed price per share paid to holders of shares of stock pursuant to such change in control transaction exceeds (y) the option price or stock appreciation right price applicable to the stock subject to such options or stock appreciation rights. Accelerated vesting upon a “change in control” will not occur to the extent that provision is made in writing in connection with the change in control for the assumption or continuation of the outstanding awards, or for the substitution of such outstanding awards for similar awards relating to the stock of the successor entity, or a parent or subsidiary of the successor entity, with appropriate adjustments to the number of shares of stock that would be delivered and the exercise price, grant price or purchase price relating to any such award. For the purposes of this paragraph, a “change in control” means (i) the dissolution or liquidation of the Company or a merger, consolidation, or reorganization of the Company with one or more other entities in which the Company is not the surviving entity, (ii) a sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company to another person or entity, or (iii) any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which the Company is the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% or more of the combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company. In the case of our CEO, the benefits under the Change in Control Plan upon a Qualifying Termination are a severance payment of three times base salary, plus three times his Target Annual Bonus for the year in which the Qualifying Termination occurs. In addition, a payment will be made for a pro-rata portion of his Target Annual Bonus for the year in which the Qualifying Termination occurs, health benefits will be continued for 18 months (or until he obtains comparable coverage), and he shall be entitled to receive outplacement counseling services equal to no greater than $25,000. To be eligible for these benefits, Mr. Giromini would be required to execute a two-year non- compete/non-solicitation agreement. In the case of our other NEOs, the benefits under the Change in Control Plan upon a Qualifying Termination are a severance payment of two times base salary plus two times the executive’s Target Annual Bonus for the year in which the Qualifying Termination occurs. In addition, a payment will be made for a pro-rata portion of the executive’s Target Annual Bonus for the year in which the Qualifying Termination occurs, health benefits will be continued for 18 months (or until the executive obtains comparable coverage), and each shall be entitled to receive outplacement counseling services equal to no greater than $25,000. To be eligible for these benefits, each would be required to execute a two-year non-compete/non-solicitation agreement. For purposes of our Change in Control Plan, “Target Annual Bonus” means: The greater of (i) the amount that would be paid to the NEO as an annual bonus payment assuming the target level of performance for the year, as set by the Compensation Committee, had been achieved and (ii) the average annual bonus awarded to the NEO for the prior two calendar years. Mr. Giromini’s Agreement. Mr. Giromini’s employment agreement has certain provisions that provide for payments to him in the event of the termination of his employment or in the event of a termination of his employment in connection with a change- in-control. 59 (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Termination for cause or without good reason — In the event that Mr. Giromini’s employment is terminated for “cause” or he terminates employment without “good reason” (each as defined below), we will pay the compensation and benefits otherwise payable to him through the termination date of his employment. However, Mr. Giromini shall not be entitled to any bonus payment for the fiscal year in which he is terminated for cause. Termination by reason of death or disability — If Mr. Giromini’s employment is terminated by reason of death or disability, we are required to pay to him or his estate, as the case may be, the compensation and benefits otherwise payable to him through his date of termination, and a pro-rated bonus payment for the portion of the year served assuming the applicable goals are satisfied. In addition, Mr. Giromini, or his estate, will maintain all of his rights in connection with his vested options. Termination without cause or for good reason — In the event that we terminate Mr. Giromini’s employment without “cause,” or he terminates employment for “good reason,” we are required to pay to him his then current base salary (or an amount equal to $620,000 per year, if greater) for a period of two years. During such two-year period, or until Mr. Giromini is eligible to receive benefits from another employer, whichever is longer, the Company will provide for his participation in a health plan and such benefits will be in addition to any other benefits due to him under any other health plan. The Company will provide for his participation in a health plan for 18 months with an additional lump sum payment, less applicable withholdings for federal, state, and local taxes, equal to six months’ premiums (at the rate and level of coverage applicable at the end of the 18-month period) under the Company’s health policy if coverage cannot be continued for more than 18 months. In addition, Mr. Giromini will maintain his rights in connection with his vested options. Furthermore, if Mr. Giromini’s termination occurs at our election without cause, he is entitled to receive a pro-rata portion of his bonus for the year in which he is terminated assuming the applicable goals are satisfied. Termination without cause or for good reason in connection with a change-in-control — In the event that we terminate Mr. Giromini’s employment without “cause,” or he terminates employment for “good reason,” within 180 days of a “change of control” (as defined below) we are required to pay to him a sum equal to three times his then base salary (or three times $620,000, whichever is greater) plus his target bonus for that fiscal year. We are also required to pay to him the compensation and benefits otherwise payable to him through the last day of his employment. In addition, any unvested stock options or restricted stock held by Mr. Giromini shall immediately and fully vest upon his termination. Furthermore, at our election, we are required to either continue Mr. Giromini’s benefits for a period of three years following his termination or pay him a lump sum payment equal to three years’ premiums (at the rate and coverage level applicable at termination) under our health and dental insurance policy plus three years’ premiums under our life insurance policy. The Company will provide for his participation in the plans for 18 months with an additional lump sum payment, less applicable withholdings for federal, state, and local taxes, equal to 18 months’ premiums (at the rate and level of coverage applicable at the end of the 18-month period) under the Company’s health and dental insurance policy if coverage cannot be continued for more than 18 months. Any change of control payment that becomes subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code or any interest or penalties with respect to such excise tax, including any additional excise tax, interest or penalties imposed on the restorative payment, requires that we make an additional restorative payment to Mr. Giromini that will fund the payment of such taxes, interest and penalties. The payments and benefits payable to Mr. Giromini in connection with a termination without cause or for good reason are contingent upon his execution of a negotiated general release of all claims within 45 days following his termination of employment. Mr. Giromini has also agreed not to compete with us during the term of his agreement and for a period of two years after termination for any reason. As provided for under the Company’s Change in Control Plan and his employment agreement, Mr. Giromini, upon a change in control, is entitled to receive benefits under either the Change in Control Plan or his employment agreement, but not both. 60 For purposes of Mr. Giromini’s employment agreement, the following definitions apply: (cid:2) “Cause” means: o o o o o The willful and continued failure to perform the executive’s principal duties (other than any such failure resulting from vacation, leave of absence, or incapacity due to injury, accident, illness, or physical or mental incapacity) as reasonably determined by the Board in good faith after the executive has been given written, dated notice by the Board specifying in reasonable detail his failure to perform and specifying a reasonable period of time, but in any event not less than 20 business days, to correct the problems set forth in the notice; The executive’s chronic alcoholism or addiction to non-medically prescribed drugs; Theft or embezzlement of the Company’s money, equipment, or securities by the executive; The executive’s conviction of, or the entry of a pleading of guilty or nolo contendere to, any felony or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude or dishonesty; or The executive’s material breach of the employment agreement, and the failure to cure such breach within 10 business days of written notice thereof specifying the breach. (cid:2) “Change of Control” means: o o o o o o Any person, other than any person currently a beneficial owner, becomes the beneficial owner of 50% or more of the combined voting power of our outstanding Common Stock; During any two-year period, individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute the Board of Directors, including any new director whose election resulted from a vacancy on the Board of Directors caused by the mandatory retirement, death, or disability of a director and was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who were directors at the beginning of the period, cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board of Directors; We consummate a merger or consolidation with or into another company, the result of which is that our stockholders at the time of the execution of the agreement to merge or consolidate own less than 80% of the total equity of the company surviving or resulting from the merger or consolidation, or of a company owning 100% of the total equity of such surviving or resulting company; The sale in one or a series of transactions of all or substantially all of our assets; Any person has commenced a tender or exchange offer, or entered into an agreement or received an option to acquire beneficial ownership of 50% or more of our Common Stock, unless the Board of Directors has made a reasonable determination that such action does not constitute and will not constitute a change of control; or There is a change of control of a nature that would generally be required to be reported under the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, other than in circumstances specifically covered above. (cid:2) (cid:2) “Good Reason” means: A material reduction in the executive’s base salary or bonus opportunity; 61 (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) A material diminishment of the executive’s position, duties, or responsibilities; The assignment by us to the executive of substantial additional duties or responsibilities that are inconsistent with the duties or responsibilities then being carried out by the executive and which are not duties of an executive nature; Material breach of the employment agreement by us; Material fraud on our part; or Discontinuance of the active operation of our business, or our insolvency, or the filing by or against us of a petition in bankruptcy or for reorganization or restructuring pursuant to applicable insolvency or bankruptcy law. Potential Payments on Termination or Change in Control – Payment and Benefit Estimates The table below was prepared to reflect the estimated payments that would have been made pursuant to the policies and agreements described above. Except as otherwise noted, the estimated payments were calculated as though the applicable triggering event occurred and the NEO’s employment was terminated on December 31, 2016, using the share price of $15.82 of our Common Stock as of December 30, 2016, the last trading day of 2016. In addition, the reported estimated payments were calculated utilizing the following assumptions: General Assumptions (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) The amounts shown do not include distributions of plan balances under the Wabash National Deferred Compensation Plan. Those amounts are shown in the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation table. The amounts shown include potential payments under the ESP. No payments or benefits are payable or due upon a voluntary termination or termination for cause, other than amounts already earned. Salary amounts payable use full salary values as of December 31, 2016. Bonus amounts payable are at the 2016 STI “Target” level, as approved by the Compensation Committee. See footnotes 2 and 3 to the Summary Compensation Table (page 48) for discussion of the 2016 STI Plan “Target” bonus amounts used to calculate the values reflected in this column. As discussed previously, upon a change in control, Mr. Giromini is entitled to receive benefits under either the Change in Control Plan or his employment agreement, but not both. Unless otherwise noted, all “change in control” values reflected in this table assume Mr. Giromini elected to receive benefits under his employment agreement. Equity-based Assumptions (cid:2) Pursuant to our 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan, we assumed that all outstanding equity awards were not assumed or continued as part of the “change in control” event. As such, all outstanding restricted stock, deferred stock units, and dividend equivalent rights, other than unearned performance-based awards, vested immediately and all outstanding stock options and stock appreciation rights were assumed to have become immediately exercisable (for the 15-day period prescribed in Company’s 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan). 62 (cid:2) Additionally, the amounts shown in the “Change in Control only” scenario do not account for the terms and conditions of our Change in Control Plan, which requires both a change in control event and a termination before outstanding equity awards would become subject to accelerated vesting. Instead, the amounts shown in the “Change in Control only” scenario reflect only the assumptions regarding the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which are described in the immediately preceding bullet point. Accelerate Vesting of Equity Value Short-Term Incentive Plan Bonus (2) Performance Stock Units (4) Salary (1) (3) Restricted Stock (5) Stock Options (6) Welfare Benefits Continuation (7) Life Insurance Plans (8) Parachute Tax Gross-Up Payment Total ($) $1,710,000 $2,684,700 - - - $194,160 $2,565,000 $3,420,000 $1,737,083 $2,782,232 - - $562,500 - - - $1,737,083 $2,782,232 - - - - $750,000 $950,696 $351,505 $842,573 Name Richard J. Giromini Termination Without Cause or by Executive for Good Reason Termination Following a Change-in- Control Change-in-Control Only Termination as Result of Death Jeffery L. Taylor Termination Without Cause or by Executive for Good Reason Termination Following a Change-in- Control Erin J. Roth Termination Without Cause or by Executive for Good Reason Termination Following a Change-in- Control Mark J. Weber Termination Without Cause or by Executive for Good Reason Termination Following a Change-in- Control Brent L. Yeagy Termination Without Cause or by Executive for Good Reason Termination Following a Change-in- Control Change-in-Control Only - $351,505 $842,573 $525,000 - - - $700,000 $970,643 $351,505 $498,979 Change-in-Control Only - $351,505 $498,979 $585,000 - - - $780,000 $1,014,699 $491,353 $666,228 Change-in-Control Only - $491,353 $666,228 $622,500 - - - $830,000 $1,171,692 $351,505 $901,629 Change-in-Control Only - - $351,505 $901,629 - - - - - - - - - $2,784,512 - - - - - - - - - - - - - $4,588,860 $3,828,925 $14,689,915 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $4,604,750 $2,784,512 $596,018 $2,972,693 $1,213,478 $558,206 $2,595,967 $867,118 $614,689 $3,029,079 $1,179,691 $656,018 $3,332,745 $1,272,534 $271,240 - - $33,518 $58,518 - $33,206 $58,206 - $29,689 $54,689 - $33,518 $58,518 - $85,435 $85,435 - - $19,400 $19,400 $16,635 $16,635 $22,110 $22,110 $19,400 $19,400 (1) Pursuant to the Company’s Executive Severance Plan, NEOs (other than the CEO) are entitled to one and a half times the sum of the NEO’s (a) annual base salary and (b) target annual incentive bonus (STI Award) for the year of termination, upon termination without cause (and not as a result of disability or death). In the event of a change- in-control and qualifying termination, pursuant to our Change in Control Plan, our NEOs (other than Mr. Giromini) are provided a lump sum payment of two times the NEO’s base salary. Pursuant to Mr. Giromini’s employment agreement, he is entitled to two times his base salary, if he is terminated without cause or if he voluntarily terminates his employment with good reason. Additionally, for Mr. Giromini, both his employment agreement and our Change in Control Plan entitled him to receive a lump sum payment of three times his base salary upon a change-in-control and qualifying termination. (2) Pursuant to our Executive Severance Plan, upon termination without cause (and not as a result of disability or death), NEOs are entitled to a pro-rated annual cash incentive bonus (STI Award) for the year of termination, based upon actual Company performance through the end of the performance period in which termination occurs, 63 as well as payment of any annual cash incentive bonus (STI Award) that was otherwise earned for the fiscal year that ended prior to the termination of the NEO’s employment. Pursuant to our Change in Control Plan, in the event of a change-in-control and qualifying termination, our NEOs (other than Mr. Giromini) are provided payment of two times the NEO’s Target Annual Bonus and a pro-rata portion of the NEO’s Target Annual Bonus for the year in which s/he is terminated. For Mr. Giromini, in the event of a change-in-control and qualifying termination, our Change in Control Plan provides for three times his Target Annual Bonus and a pro-rata portion of his Target Annual Bonus for the year in which he is terminated. However, under Mr. Giromini’s employment agreement, in the event of a change-in- control and qualifying termination, he is entitled to payment of three times his target bonus (which is defined in his employment agreement as being the target annual incentive bonus set by the Compensation Committee each year) for the year in which he is terminated, as well as a pro-rata portion of his target bonus for the year in which he is terminated. Also pursuant to his employment agreement, if he is terminated by us without cause or if he terminates his employment for good reason, he is entitled to two times his target bonus and a pro-rata portion of his target bonus for the year in which he is terminated. Due to the difference in the definitions of “Target Annual Bonus” in our Change in Control Plan (see page 61), and “target bonus” in Mr. Giromini’s employment agreement (see above), the STI Plan bonus to which Mr. Giromini would be entitled could be calculated using different bases. With the exception of Mr. Giromini, the figures reported above are based on multiples of the calculated Target Annual Bonus (as defined by the Change in Control Plan, see page 61). For each of Ms. Roth and Messrs. Taylor, Weber and Yeagy the Target Annual Bonus is equal to the average of the annual bonuses each was paid in 2014 and 2015. For Mr. Giromini, since we’ve assumed Mr. Giromini elected to receive benefits under his employment agreement, the figures reported above reflect multiples of his “target bonus,” as defined by his employment agreement. Had we reported Target Annual Bonus (as defined by our Change in Control Plan) for Mr. Giromini, the figure reported above for would have been $5,536,480, which reflects multiples of the average of the annual bonuses he was paid in 2014 and 2015. (3) Pursuant to our 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan, all outstanding restricted stock, restricted stock units, and dividend equivalent rights, other than unearned performance-based awards, vest immediately, but only if the outstanding awards are not assumed or continued as part of the “change in control” event. In the event these awards are assumed/continued as part of the change in control event, and an NEO is thereafter terminated within 12 months of the change in control event, any assumed award will vest immediately to the NEO at the time of termination. Under Mr. Giromini’s employment agreement, however, if he is terminated following a change in control event, all outstanding equity compensation grants that are outstanding to him are accelerated and vest immediately, even if such termination occurs more than 12 months after the change in control event. (4) Amounts reflected in this column include earned performance stock units awarded in 2014; the performance period for these awards ended on December 31, 2016. For a description of all performance stock unit awards, see footnotes 4, 7 and 8 to the Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End table on page 54. Only performance stock units earned as of the triggering event are subject to the accelerated vesting features of the Change in Control Plan. (5) Amounts reflected in this column assume that any awards granted in 2014, 2015 or 2016 pursuant to our 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan were not assumed or continued as part of the “change in control” event, and as such, pursuant to the terms of our 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan, include outstanding restricted stock units, but do not include any outstanding, unearned performance-based stock units. For a description of the 2016 awards, see the Grants of Plan Based Awards table and accompanying narrative on pages 50-51; for a detailed description of the effect of a “change of control” on awards granted pursuant to our 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan, see pages 58-59. (6) Amounts reflected in this column assume that any non-qualified stock option awards granted in 2014 or 2015 pursuant to our 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan were not assumed or continued as part of the “change in control” event, and as such, become immediately exercisable for a period of 15 days prior to the consummation of the change of control corporate transaction. For a detailed description of the effect of a “change of control” on awards granted pursuant to our 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan, see pages 58-59. (7) Pursuant to the Company’s Executive Severance Plan, NEOs (other than the CEO) are entitled to reimbursement for welfare benefits continuation for one and a half years upon termination without cause (and not as a result of disability or death), and the CEO is entitled to reimbursement for welfare benefits continuation for two years upon 64 termination without cause (and not as a result of disability or death). All NEOs (including the CEO) are entitled to outplacement services no greater in value than $30,000. Pursuant to our Change in Control Plan, in the event of a change-in-control and qualifying termination, all NEOs (including Mr. Giromini), are provided outplacement counseling services no greater in value than $25,000, and reimbursement for welfare benefits continuation for up to 18 months. Pursuant to Mr. Giromini’s employment agreement, if he is terminated by us without cause or if he terminates his employment for good reason, he is entitled to payment of premiums on his Executive Life Insurance Program, as well as reimbursement for welfare benefits continuation for two years. Also pursuant to his employment agreement, in the event of a change-in-control and qualifying termination, he is entitled to payment of premiums on his Executive Life Insurance Program, as well as reimbursement for welfare benefits continuation for three years. (8) Current value of payout under the Executive Life Insurance Plan payable to Mr. Giromini’s beneficiaries in the event of his termination as a result of his death. The following table provides information about our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2016. Equity Compensation Plan Information NUMBER OF SECURITIES TO BE ISSUED UPON EXERCISE OF OUTSTANDING OPTIONS, WARRANTS AND RIGHTS (2) WEIGHTED AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE OF OUTSTANDING OPTIONS, WARRANTS AND RIGHTS NUMBER OF SECURITIES REMAINING AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS (3) 1,273,754 $11.13 2,313,510 PLAN CATEGORY Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders (1) (1) All equity compensation plans have been approved by the Company’s stockholders. As a result, the numbers and value shown reflect all equity compensation plans. (2) Consists of shares of Common Stock to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options granted under the Wabash National Corporation 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“the 2007 Plan”) and the Wabash National Corporation 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“the 2011 Plan”). (3) Consists of shares of Common Stock available for future issuance pursuant to the 2011 Plan, which includes shares previously available for issuance under the 2007 Plan that are now available for issuance under the 2011 Plan. There were a total of 2,313,510 shares of Common Stock available as of December 31, 2016 for future issuance under the 2011 Plan pursuant to grants in the form of restricted stock, stock units, unrestricted stock, options and other incentive awards, subject to certain limitations in the 2011 Plan. Restricted Stock Grants We have issued an aggregate of 1,407,283 shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units (which, upon vesting convert to shares of the Company’s common stock) pursuant to the 2007 Plan, of which 403,139 were forfeited or otherwise cancelled, and 1,004,144 vested on or before December 31, 2016, with no shares remaining subject to forfeiture as of that date. These amounts exclude the issuance of performance stock units (which, upon vesting convert to shares of the Company’s common stock) in the aggregate of 180,880 of which 6,512 were forfeited or otherwise cancelled, and 174,368 vested on or before December 31, 2016, with no shares remaining subject to forfeiture as of that date. We have issued an aggregate of 1,514,752 shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units (which, upon vesting will convert to shares of the Company’s common stock) pursuant to the 2011 Plan, of which 128,561 were forfeited or otherwise cancelled, and 510,917 vested on or before December 31, 2016, with 875,274 remaining subject to forfeiture as of that date. These amounts exclude the issuance of performance stock units (which are subject to 65 three-year performance criteria, but upon vesting will convert to shares of the Company’s common stock) in the aggregate of 1,754,867, of which 67,234 have been forfeited or otherwise cancelled, and 599,182 vested on or before December 31, 2016, with 1,088,451 remaining subject to forfeiture as of that date. 66 PROPOSAL 2 Advisory Vote on the Compensation of Our Executive Officers We are asking stockholders to vote to approve, on an advisory (non-binding) basis, the compensation of the NEOs of our Company. The vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation, but rather the overall compensation of our executive officers and the philosophy, policies and practices described in this Proxy Statement. We urge you to read the “Executive Compensation” section of this Proxy Statement, including our “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” Executive Compensation Tables and related narrative discussion, beginning on page 25, which provides details on the Company’s compensation programs and policies for our executive officers, including the 2016 compensation of our NEOs. Our Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”) provides stockholders with a detailed description of our compensation programs, including the philosophy and strategy underpinning the programs, the individual elements of the compensation programs, and how our compensation plans are administered. Our compensation philosophy, discussed in the CD&A section “Philosophy and Objectives of Wabash National Compensation Program” is supported by the following principles: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Attract, retain, and motivate high-caliber executives; As the responsibility of an associate/executive increases within the Company, place a larger portion of total compensation “at-risk,” with an increasing portion tied to long-term incentives; Provide the appropriate level of reward for performance; Recognize the cyclical nature of our primary truck-trailer business and the need to manage value through the business cycle by managing compensation levels and components; Provide stockholder alignment by encouraging NEOs to be long-term stockholders of Wabash National; Structure compensation programs to meet the tax deductibility criteria in the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, when practicable; and Structure the compensation program to be regarded positively by our stockholders and associates, while providing the Compensation Committee with the flexibility needed to satisfy all of these listed goals. We believe the executive compensation program has been instrumental in retaining and attracting high quality executive management who guided the Company through its acquisition of the Walker Group in 2012, and led the Company to record-setting years for revenue, gross profit and operating income in each of the last five years. For a more detailed description of the Company’s financial results for 2016, please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. We are committed to “pay for performance,” meaning that a significant portion of our executive officer compensation is variable, “at-risk,” and will be determined based on our performance. In addition, we design our executive compensation to encourage long-term commitment by our executive officers to Wabash National. We believe our executive compensation programs encompass several “best practices” including: (cid:2) Annual Peer Review by Independent Compensation Committee - Annual monitoring of the compensation systems of companies of similar size and similar complexity by our Compensation Committee, with the objective of setting total target compensation (base salary, annual cash incentives and long-term equity incentives) for executives at levels that are generally competitive with our peer group, but also accounting for the Company’s own financial performance objectives and cyclicality. The Compensation Committee is comprised entirely of independent members, and it engages an independent consultant to assist in this annual review process. 67 (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Pay for Performance - A significant portion (ranging from approximately 65% to 81% of our executives’ target total compensation) is considered to be performance-based, with approximately 81% of our CEO’s total compensation in 2016 (at “Target”) classified as performance-based compensation. To motivate our executive officers to align their interests with those of our stockholders, we provide annual incentives, which are designed to reward our executive officers for the attainment of short-term financial performance goals, as well as long-term incentives, which are designed to reward them for the achievement of identified long-term financial performance goals, as well as for increases in our stockholder value over time. (cid:2) (cid:2) In 2016, we established corporate performance goals under the Company’s Short-Term Incentive (“STI”) Plan based on the Company’s attainment of its Operating Income and Net Working Capital goals, creating a clear and direct relationship between executive pay and the Company’s financial performance in 2016. In 2016, we established a three-year corporate performance period under the Company’s Long-Term Incentive (“LTI”) Plan, requiring the Company to achieve certain Cumulative EBITDA Performance and Relative Total Shareholder Return targets set by the Compensation Committee before LTI Plan participants could earn Performance Stock Units granted under the 2016 LTI Plan. This created a clear and direct relationship between executive pay and the focus on long-term increases in stockholder value. Mitigate Undue Risk - Our compensation practices are designed to discourage excessive risk-taking and/or an emphasis on short-term results at the expense of the long-term performance of the Company. Payouts under all of our compensation programs are “capped” at specified “maximum” payout levels for this reason and our STI plan and LTI plan use different financial performance metrics. Alignment with Stockholders - Long-term incentives are provided to executive officers in the form of restricted stock units and performance stock units. These equity-based awards, which vest over a period of three years, constituted between 44% and 62% of our executives’ target total compensation in 2016 (with 62% of our CEO’s target total compensation comprised of equity-linked awards). These awards link compensation with the long-term price performance of our stock and also provide a substantial retention incentive for our executives. Stock Ownership Guidelines - We have adopted Stock Ownership guidelines to encourage the retention of stock by our executives and to strengthen the relationship between compensation and performance. Employment Contracts - We do not have individual employment or severance agreements with any of our NEOs, other than an employment agreement with Mr. Giromini, which was originally executed when he became our COO in 2002. Mr. Giromini’s employment agreement automatically renews each year unless either Mr. Giromini or the Board chooses not to renew the agreement. The Compensation Committee annually reviews the agreement and Mr. Giromini’s performance. Double Trigger Change in Control Benefits - We employ a double-trigger change in control provision as part of our Change in Control Plan. No Pledging/Hedging Transactions or Short Sales Permitted - We have adopted a policy precluding all directors and associates, including our executive officers, and their Related Persons from pledging or engaging in hedging or short sales with respect to the Company’s stock. No Substantial Perquisites - We do not provide substantial perquisites to our executive officers. No Unique Retirement Programs - We do not have retirement programs uniquely applicable to our executive officers. 68 (cid:2) No Repricing of Underwater Stock Options - We do not permit underwater stock options to be repriced without stockholder approval. The Compensation Committee discharges many of the Board’s responsibilities related to executive compensation and continuously strives to align our compensation policies with our performance. The Committee will continue to analyze our executive compensation policies and practices and adjust them as appropriate to reflect our performance and competitive needs. The Board believes that the executive compensation – as disclosed in the CD&A, tabular disclosures, and other narrative executive compensation disclosures in this Proxy Statement – reflects our compensation philosophy and aligns with the pay practices of our peer group. Effect of the Proposal This proposal, commonly known as a “say-on-pay” proposal, gives our stockholders the opportunity to express their views on our executive officers’ compensation. This say-on-pay vote is an advisory vote that is not binding on us. The approval or disapproval by stockholders will not require the Board or the Compensation Committee to take any action regarding the Company’s executive compensation practices. The final decisions on the compensation and benefits of our NEOs and on whether, and if so, how, to address stockholder disapproval remain with the Board and the Compensation Committee. The Board believes that the Compensation Committee is in the best position to consider the extensive information and factors necessary to make independent, objective, and competitive compensation recommendations and decisions that are in the best interests of Wabash National and its stockholders. However, the Board and our Compensation Committee value the opinions expressed by stockholders in their vote on this proposal, and will carefully consider the outcome of the vote when making future compensation decisions with respect to our executive officers. In that regard, the Board and our Compensation Committee carefully considered the results of last year’s say-on-pay vote, in which 96% of stockholders voted in favor of our say-on-pay proposal, and took such results into account by continuing to emphasize the core principles of our compensation philosophy and best practices of our compensation programs. The Board urges you to carefully review the CD&A section of this Proxy Statement, together with the executive compensation tables, which describe our compensation philosophy and programs in greater detail, and to approve the following resolution: “RESOLVED, that the stockholders hereby approve on an advisory basis the compensation paid to the Wabash National Corporation named executive officers, as disclosed in the Wabash National Corporation Proxy Statement pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, compensation tables and narrative discussion).” Board Recommendation The Board of Directors UNANIMOUSLY recommends that you vote “FOR” the approval of the compensation of our executive officers, as disclosed in this Proxy Statement. 69 PROPOSAL 3 Advisory Vote on the Frequency of the Advisory Vote on the Compensation of Our Executive Officers Under an amendment to the Exchange Act adopted by Congress as part of the Dodd-Frank Act, stockholders are able to indicate how frequently they believe an Advisory “Say on Pay” Vote on Executive Compensation, such as we have included in Proposal Two, should occur. We currently hold the Say on Pay vote every year, and are required to hold the say on pay vote at least once every three years. By voting on this Proposal Three, you may indicate whether you would prefer that we continue to hold the Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation annually or whether you would prefer that we instead hold the vote every two or three years. Our stockholders voted on a similar proposal in 2011, with the majority voting to hold the say on pay vote every year, and our Board of Directors adopted this standard. It is our strong belief, and the Board’s recommendation, that holding a say on pay vote every year is most appropriate for the Company so that our stockholders may express their views on our executive compensation program annually. The Board recognizes the importance of receiving regular input from our stockholders on important issues such as our executive compensation and believes that an advisory vote on executive compensation is the most effective way for stockholders to communicate with the Company about its compensation objectives, policies and practices. Since 2011, this yearly interaction between the Board, the Compensation Committee, and our stockholders has resulted in regular, meaningful evaluation of our performance against our compensation practices, taking into account the natural cyclicality prevalent in the trailer industry. In addition, holding a say on pay vote annually is in line with prevailing market practice and current stockholder expectations and preferences. For the above reasons, the Board recommends that you vote to hold an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation annually. Your vote, however, is not to approve or disapprove the Board’s recommendation. When voting on this Proposal Three, you have four choices: you may elect that we hold an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation every year, every two years or every three years, or you may abstain from voting. The Board intends to review the results for each voting alternative in Proposal Three in making its determination on the frequency of the stockholder advisory vote on our executive compensation in the future. As an advisory vote, the vote on Proposal Three is not binding upon us, and the Compensation Committee and the Board may decide that it is in the best interests of our stockholders and our Company to hold an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation more or less frequently than the option approved by our stockholders. Nevertheless, the Compensation Committee and the Board will consider the outcome of the vote when making future decisions on executive compensation. Board Recommendation The Board of Directors UNANIMOUSLY recommends that you vote to hold an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation ANNUALLY. 70 PROPOSAL 4 Approval of the Wabash National Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan Our Board of Directors approved the Wabash National Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”) on February 22, 2017, subject to approval by our stockholders. We are recommending that stockholders approve the 2017 Plan because we believe that the 2017 Plan will be essential to our continued success, by allowing the Company to provide incentives to attract and retain key employees, non-employee directors and consultants and align their interests with those of our stockholders. If approved by our stockholders, the 2017 Plan will be the successor to the Company’s 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”). No further awards will be made under the 2011 Plan, if the 2017 Plan is approved by our stockholders. However, awards granted under the 2011 Plan (and its predecessor, our 2007 Omnibus Plan) before stockholder approval of the 2017 Plan will remain outstanding in accordance with their terms. We sometimes refer to the 2011 Plan and our 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan as the “Prior Plans.” Stockholders are being asked to approve the 2017 Plan to authorize 3,150,000 shares for issuance under the 2017 Plan. None of the remaining shares from the 2011 Plan (or any other Prior Plan) will be carried over into the 2017 Plan, except for shares subject to outstanding awards under the Prior Plans that are forfeited, canceled, surrendered, settled in cash or otherwise terminated without the issuance of shares after stockholder approval of the 2017 Plan. If our stockholders do not approve the 2017 Plan, we may be required to increase the cash components of our compensation program which may inhibit our ability to align the interests of our executives with those of our stockholders. Stockholders are also being asked to approve the 2017 Plan for the following reasons: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) To authorize the grant of awards under the 2017 Plan that are intended to be treated as “qualified performance-based compensation” for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 162(m)”). Section 162(m) generally prevents a publicly held corporation from claiming a federal income tax deduction for compensation in excess of $1 million per year paid to any of its chief executive officer or three other most highly compensated executive officers (other than the chief financial officer). However, if certain conditions are met, “qualified performance-based compensation” is excluded for purposes of calculating the amount of compensation subject to the $1 million limit Among other requirements, in order for awards to be treated as “qualified performance-based compensation” for purposes of Section 162(m), the material terms of the performance goals under which compensation may be paid must be disclosed to and approved by our stockholders. Those material terms include (i) the employees eligible to receive compensation, (ii) a description of the business criteria on which the performance goals are based, and (iii) the maximum amount of compensation that can be paid to an employee under the performance-based awards. Each of these aspects of the 2017 Plan is discussed below. To approve an annual limit of $350,000 that will apply to the grant date fair value of equity awards that may be granted to any one non-employee director under the 2017 Plan, plus the amount of cash fees paid to the non-employee director during the year. To authorize the grant of stock options that qualify for treatment as incentive stock options for purposes of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code. Outstanding Equity Awards As of March 20, 2017 (the “Record Date”), 2,260,868 shares of the Company’s common stock (“shares”) remained available for issuance under the 2011 Plan. As noted above, however, if our stockholders approve the 2017 Plan, those shares will no longer be available for future awards. The table below provides information regarding the awards outstanding under the Prior Plans as of the Record Date: 71 Stock options outstanding Full-value awards outstanding (i.e., awards other than stock options) Weighted average exercise price of outstanding stock options Weighted average remaining term of outstanding stock options 788,025 1,878,6661 $11.10 5.1 years 1 Amount includes 266,900 unearned performance stock units granted in 2017 and outstanding on the Record Date. As of the Record Date, there were a total of 60,448,111 shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding, and the closing price per share on the Record Date, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, was $20.85. Plan Highlights The 2017 Plan contains a number of provisions that are consistent with our compensation philosophy and designed to protect the interests of our stockholders, including the following: Feature Minimum Vesting Requirements (with 5% Exception) Description The 2017 Plan generally requires that all awards be subject to a minimum vesting period of at least one year, except that up to 5% of the share reserve may be issued with a shorter vesting period (or with no vesting requirement). No “Liberal” Change in Control Definition The 2017 Plan does not provide a “liberal” change in control definition, which means that a change in control must actually occur in order for the change in control provisions in the 2017 Plan to be triggered. No Automatic “Single-Trigger” Vesting on a Change in Control No Liberal Share Recycling for Stock Option and SAR Awards The 2017 Plan generally provides for “double-trigger” vesting of equity awards that are assumed in a change in control transaction, which means that awards which are assumed in the transaction generally will continue to vest based on continued service, or, if earlier, upon a termination without cause or, where applicable, a resignation for good reason, within 1 year after the change in control. Awards that are not assumed in the transaction would vest on a “single- trigger” basis upon a change in control. The 2017 Plan prohibits share recycling with respect to stock options and stock appreciation rights (or “SARs”), meaning that shares used to pay the exercise price of a stock option, shares used to satisfy a tax withholding obligation with respect to a stock option or a SAR, and shares that are repurchased by the Company with stock option proceeds will not be added back to the 2017 Plan. In addition, when a SAR is settled in shares, all of the shares underlying the SAR will be counted against the share limit of the 2017 Plan. However, shares withheld to satisfy a tax withholding obligation with respect to a “full-value” award (i.e., an award other than a stock option or SAR) will be recycled back into the 2017 Plan’s share reserve. No Discounted Stock Options or SARs The 2017 Plan does not permit the use of “discounted” stock options or SARs. No Re-Pricing of Stock Options or SARs; No Reload Awards The 2017 Plan does not permit the “re-pricing” of stock options and SARs without stockholder approval. This includes a prohibition on cash buyouts of underwater options or SARs and “reloads” in connection with the exercise of options or SARs. 72 Feature Forfeiture and Recoupment Provisions No Dividends or Dividend Equivalents on Unvested Awards or Stock Options/SARs Stock Ownership Guidelines Description Awards granted under the 2017 Plan may be subject to forfeiture or recoupment as provided by the Compensation Committee in the event of certain detrimental activity, such as a participant’s breach of restrictive covenants, and awards under the 2017 Plan may be subject to forfeiture or recoupment under any compensation recovery policy that the Company may adopt. No dividends or dividend equivalents will be paid currently while awards are unvested. Instead, any dividends or dividend equivalents with respect to unvested awards will be accumulated or deemed reinvested until such time as the underlying award becomes earned and vested (including, where applicable, the achievement of performance goals). Additionally, no dividend equivalents will be granted with respect to any shares underlying a stock option or SAR. Shares issued pursuant to the 2017 Plan are subject to the Company’s stock ownership guidelines. Under the Company’s current stock ownership guidelines, our executive officers and non-employee directors are required to hold 65% of all Company shares received through the Company’s incentive compensation plans until the executive officer or non-employee director achieves the applicable target ownership level. A summary of the material terms of the 2017 Plan is provided below and the complete text of the 2017 Plan is attached as Exhibit A to this proxy statement. The following summary of the 2017 Plan does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to Exhibit A. Summary of the Plan Awards and Term of the Plan Awards granted under the 2017 Plan may be in the form of stock options (which may be incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options), SARs, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other share-based awards and cash awards. No awards may be made under the 2017 Plan after February 21, 2027, or such earlier date as the Board of Directors may terminate the 2017 Plan. Administration The 2017 Plan will be administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, or by such other committee or subcommittee as may be appointed by our Board, and which consists entirely of two or more individuals who are “outside directors” within the meaning of Section 162(m), “non-employee directors” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and “independent directors” within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange rules. The Compensation Committee can make rules and regulations and establish such procedures for the administration of the 2017 Plan as it deems appropriate, and may delegate any of its authority to one or more directors or employees, to the extent permitted by applicable laws. Our Board of Directors also reserves the authority to administer and issue awards under the 2017 Plan. Eligibility The 2017 Plan provides for awards to our non-employee directors and to employees and consultants of the Company and our subsidiaries, except that incentive stock options may only be granted to our employees and employees of our subsidiaries. It is currently anticipated that approximately 100 employees and 6 non-employee directors will be eligible for awards under the 2017 Plan. 73 Shares Available The maximum number of shares that may be issued or transferred with respect to awards under the 2017 Plan is 3,150,000, increased by the number of shares covered by any outstanding award granted under the 2011 Plan or another Prior Plan that is forfeited, canceled, surrendered, settled in cash or otherwise terminated without the issuance of shares after stockholder approval of the 2017 Plan. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2017 Plan is also subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, as described below. Shares issued under the 2017 Plan may include authorized but unissued shares, treasury shares, shares purchased in the open market, or a combination of the foregoing. Shares underlying awards that are settled in cash or that terminate or are forfeited, cancelled, settled in cash or surrendered without the issuance of shares will again be available for issuance under the 2017 Plan, as will any shares that are withheld to satisfy a tax withholding obligation with respect to a “full-value” award (that is, an award other than a stock option or a SAR). Shares used to pay the exercise price of stock options, repurchased by us with stock option proceeds, or used to pay withholding taxes upon exercise or vesting of stock options or SARs, will not again be available for issuance under the 2017 Plan. In addition, when a SAR is exercised and settled in shares, all of the shares underlying the SAR will be counted against the share limit of the 2017 Plan regardless of the number of shares used to settle the SAR. Shares granted through awards that are granted in assumption of, or in substitution or exchange for, outstanding awards previously granted by an entity acquired directly or indirectly by the Company or with which the Company directly or indirectly merges or consolidates, shall not count against the share limit above, except as may be required by the rules and regulations of any stock exchange or trading market. Non-Employee Director Award Limits The 2017 Plan provides that the aggregate grant date fair value of all awards granted to any single non- employee director during any single calendar year (determined as of the applicable grant date(s) under applicable financial accounting rules), taken together with any cash fees paid to the non-employee director during the same calendar year, may not exceed $350,000. Individual Award Limits under Section 162(m) The Compensation Committee may, but is not required to, grant awards under the 2017 Plan that are intended to qualify for exemption from Section 162(m) as “qualified performance-based compensation.” Therefore, the 2017 Plan imposes the following additional individual sub-limits on awards granted under the 2017 Plan that are intended to satisfy that exemption: (cid:2) any calendar year to any one participant will be 750,000 shares; the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be subject to stock options or SARs granted in the maximum aggregate number of shares of restricted stock and shares subject to restricted stock (cid:2) units and other share-based awards granted in any calendar year to any one participant will be 650,000 shares (or 700,000 shares, in the first year of a participant’s employment); and the maximum aggregate cash compensation that can be paid pursuant to cash awards or other (cid:2) awards granted in any calendar year to any one participant will be $2,500,000 (for awards with a performance period not exceeding 12 months) or $5,000,000 (for awards with a performance period exceeding 12 months). Stock Options Subject to the terms and provisions of the 2017 Plan, options to purchase shares may be granted to eligible individuals at any time and from time to time as determined by the Compensation Committee. Options may be granted 74 as incentive stock options (all of the 3,150,000 shares available for issuance under the 2017 Plan may be issued pursuant to incentive stock options), or as non-qualified stock options. Subject to the limits provided in the 2017 Plan, the Compensation Committee or its delegate will determine the number of options granted to each recipient. Each option grant will be evidenced by a stock option agreement that specifies whether the options are intended to be incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options and such additional limitations, terms and conditions as the Compensation Committee may determine. The exercise price for each stock option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share on the date of grant, and each stock option shall have a term no longer than 10 years. The method of exercising a stock option granted under the 2017 Plan will be set forth in the applicable award agreement and may include payment of cash or cash equivalent, tender of previously acquired shares with a fair market value equal to the exercise price, a cashless exercise (including withholding of shares otherwise deliverable on exercise or a broker-assisted arrangement as permitted by applicable laws), a combination of the foregoing methods, or any other method approved by the Compensation Committee in its discretion. The grant of a stock option does not accord the recipient the rights of a stockholder, and such rights accrue only after the exercise of the stock option and the registration of shares in the recipient’s name. Stock Appreciation Rights The Compensation Committee in its discretion may grant SARs under the 2017 Plan. A SAR entitles the holder to receive from us upon exercise an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the aggregate fair market value of a specified number of shares that are the subject of such SAR over the aggregate exercise price for the underlying shares. The exercise price for each SAR may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share on the date of grant, and each SAR shall have a term no longer than 10 years. We may make payment of the amount to which the participant exercising SARs is entitled by delivering shares, cash or a combination of stock and cash as set forth in the applicable award agreement. Each SAR will be evidenced by an award agreement that specifies the date and terms of the award and such additional limitations, terms and conditions as the Compensation Committee may determine. Restricted Stock Under the 2017 Plan, the Compensation Committee may grant or sell restricted stock to plan participants (i.e., shares that are subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture and restrictions on transferability). Except for these restrictions and any others imposed by the Compensation Committee, upon the grant of restricted stock, the recipient will have rights of a stockholder with respect to the restricted shares, including the right to vote the restricted shares and to receive dividends and other distributions paid or made with respect to the restricted shares, except that any dividends with respect to unvested restricted stock will be accumulated or deemed reinvested until the underlying restricted stock is earned and vested. During the applicable restriction period, the recipient may not sell, transfer, pledge, exchange or otherwise encumber the restricted stock. Each restricted stock award will be evidenced by an award agreement that specifies the terms of the award and such additional limitations, terms and conditions, which may include restrictions based upon the achievement of performance objectives, as the Compensation Committee may determine. Restricted Stock Units Under the 2017 Plan, the Compensation Committee may grant or sell to plan participants restricted stock units, which constitute an agreement to deliver shares (or an equivalent value in cash) to the participant at the end of a specified restriction period and subject to such other terms and conditions as the Compensation Committee may specify. Restricted stock units are not shares and do not entitle the recipients to the rights of a stockholder. Restricted stock units granted under the 2017 Plan may be subject to performance conditions. Restricted stock units will be settled in cash or shares, in an amount based on the fair market value of a share on the settlement date. Each restricted stock unit award will be evidenced by an award agreement that specifies the terms of the award and such additional limitations, terms and conditions as the Compensation Committee may determine, which may include restrictions based upon the achievement of performance objectives 75 Other Share-Based Awards The 2017 Plan also provides for grants of other share-based awards under the plan, which may include unrestricted shares or time-based or performance based unit awards that are settled in shares or cash. Each other share- based award will be evidenced by an award agreement that specifies the terms of the award and such additional limitations, terms and conditions as the Compensation Committee may determine. Dividend Equivalents As determined by the Compensation Committee in its discretion, restricted stock units or other share-based awards may provide the participant with a deferred and contingent right to receive dividend equivalents, either in cash or in additional shares. Any such dividend equivalents will be accumulated or deemed reinvested until such time as the underlying award becomes earned and vested (including, where applicable, the achievement of performance objectives). No dividend equivalents shall be granted with respect to shares underlying any stock option or SAR. Cash Awards The 2017 Plan authorizes the Compensation Committee to grant cash awards, which will be evidenced by an award agreement that specifies the terms of the award, such as the achievement of applicable stated performance objectives. Minimum Vesting Requirements In general, each award granted under the 2017 Plan will have a minimum vesting or performance period of at least one year. However, awards covering up to 5% of the 2017 Plan’s share reserve may be granted as unrestricted awards or otherwise with a vesting or performance period of less than one year. Other exceptions to the minimum vesting requirement may apply in connection with a change in control or for awards to participants outside the U.S. Performance Objectives The plan provides that performance objectives may be established by the Compensation Committee in connection with any award granted under the 2017 Plan. Performance objectives may relate to performance of the Company or one or more of our subsidiaries, divisions, departments, units, functions, partnerships, joint ventures or minority investments, product lines or products, or the performance of an individual participant, and performance objectives may be made relative to the performance of a group or companies or a special index of companies. The Compensation Committee may, in its discretion, grant awards under the 2017 Plan that are intended to qualify for the “qualified performance-based compensation” exemption from Section 162(m). In the case of an award intended to qualify for that exemption, such goals shall be based on the attainment of specified levels of one or more of the following measures: total stockholder return; such total stockholder return as compared to total return (on a comparable basis) of a publicly available index such as, but not limited to, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index; net income; pretax earnings; earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization; earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization and before bonuses, service fees, and extraordinary or special items; pretax operating earnings after interest expense and before bonuses, service fees, and extraordinary or special items; operating margin; operating income; earnings per share; return measures (including return on equity, return on capital, return on invested capital, return on investment, and/or return on net assets); operating earnings; working capital; ratio of debt to stockholders’ equity; free cash flow; revenue; and stock price. Performance objectives may be determined by taking into account adjustments specified by the Compensation Committee in accordance with the terms of the 2017 Plan. Performance objectives related to an award intended to be treated as qualified performance-based compensation for purposes of Section 162(m) will be set by the Compensation Committee within the time period and other requirements prescribed by Section 162(m). We have not adopted any policy that would require the Committee to grant awards under the 2017 Plan that are intended to be treated as qualified performance-based compensation, and there can be no guarantee that any awards granted under the 2017 Plan will be so treated. As such, we may from time 76 to time pay compensation that is not deductible under Section 162(m), if we believe that it is in our stockholders’ best interests. Change in Control The 2017 Plan generally provides for “double-trigger” vesting of equity awards in connection with a change in control of the Company, as described below. To the extent that outstanding awards granted under the 2017 Plan are assumed, then, except as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement or in an applicable severance plan or written agreement with the participant, all outstanding awards will continue to vest and become exercisable (as applicable) based on continued service during the remaining vesting period, with performance-based awards generally being converted to service- based awards at the “target” level (if less than half of the performance period has been completed) or based on actual performance as of the change in control (if at least half of the performance period has been completed). Vesting and exercisability (as applicable) of awards that are assumed in connection with a change in control generally would be accelerated in full on a “double-trigger” basis, if, within one year after the change in control, the participant’s employment is involuntarily terminated without cause, or, for a participant who is entitled to “good reason” protections under the applicable award agreement or pursuant to a severance plan or other written agreement, such participant terminates his or her employment for “good reason” (as defined in the applicable award agreement, severance plan or other written agreement). Any stock options or SARs that become vested on a “double-trigger” basis generally would remain exercisable for at least one year after the termination of the participant’s employment. To the extent outstanding awards granted under the 2017 Plan are not assumed, then such awards generally would become vested in full on a “single-trigger” basis, effective immediately prior to the change in control, with performance-based awards generally becoming vested at the “target” level (if less than half of the performance period has been completed) or based on actual performance as of the change in control (if at least half of the performance period has been completed). Any stock options or SARs that become vested on a “single-trigger” basis generally would remain exercisable for at least fifteen days prior to the change in control. The Compensation Committee has the discretion to determine whether or not any outstanding awards granted under the 2017 Plan will be assumed by the resulting entity in connection with a change in control, and the Compensation Committee has the authority to make appropriate adjustments in connection with the assumption of any awards. The Compensation Committee also has the right to cancel any outstanding awards in connection with a change in control, in exchange for a payment in cash or other property (including shares of the resulting entity) in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares subject to the award over any exercise price related to the award, including the right to cancel any “underwater” stock options and SARs without payment therefor. For purposes of the 2017 Plan, a “change in control” generally means (i) the dissolution or liquidation of the Company or a merger, consolidation, or reorganization of the Company in which the Company is not the surviving entity (but, for purposes of clarity, a “change in control” does not include a mere change in state of incorporation or similar transaction); (ii) a sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets; or (iii) any transaction (including a merger or reorganization) that results in any person or entity owning 50% or more of the combined voting power of all classes of the Company’s stock. Whether a participant’s employment has been terminated for “cause” will be determined by the Compensation Committee. Unless otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement or in an applicable severance plan or written agreement with the participant, “cause”, as a reason for termination of a participant’s employment generally includes (i) the participant’s willful and continued failure to perform his or her principal duties (other than a failure resulting from vacation, leave of absence, or incapacity due to injury, accident, illness, or physical or mental capacity) after the participant has been given notice and an opportunity to correct the failure; (ii) the participant’s chronic alcoholism or addiction to non-medically prescribed drugs; (iii) the participant’s theft or embezzlement of the money, equipment, securities, or other property of the Company or a subsidiary; (iv) the participant’s conviction of, or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, any felony or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude or dishonesty; or (v) the participant’s material breach of any employment or similar agreement with the Company or a subsidiary, after the participant has been given notice and an opportunity to cure the breach. 77 Forfeiture and Recoupment of Awards The Compensation Committee may reserve the right in an award agreement to cause the forfeiture or recoupment of any award if a participant violates or breaches any applicable agreement, such as an employment agreement or a non-competition, confidentiality or non-solicitation (of Company employees or clients) agreement. An award may also be annulled if a participant’s employment is terminated by the Company for cause. Awards granted under the 2017 Plan also may be subject to forfeiture or recoupment as provided pursuant to any compensation recovery (or “clawback”) policy that we may adopt. Adjustments In the event of any equity restructuring, such as a stock dividend, stock split, spin off, rights offering or recapitalization through a large, nonrecurring cash dividend, the Compensation Committee will adjust the number and kind of shares that may be delivered under the 2017 Plan, the individual share award limits, and, with respect to outstanding awards, the number and kind of shares subject to outstanding awards and the exercise price or other price of shares subject to outstanding awards, to prevent dilution or enlargement of rights. In the event of any other change in corporate capitalization, such as a merger, consolidation or liquidation, the Compensation Committee may, in its discretion, make such equitable adjustment as described in the foregoing sentence, to prevent dilution or enlargement of rights. However, unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee, we will always round down to a whole number of shares subject to any award. Moreover, in the event of any such transaction or event, the Compensation Committee, in its discretion, may provide in substitution for any or all outstanding awards such alternative consideration (including cash) as it, in good faith, may determine to be equitable in the circumstances and may require in connection therewith the surrender of all awards so replaced. Transferability Except as the Compensation Committee otherwise determines, awards granted under the 2017 Plan will not be transferable by a participant other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution. Except as otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee, stock options and SARs will be exercisable during a participant’s lifetime only by him or her or, in the event of the participant’s incapacity, by his or her guardian or legal representative. Any award made under the 2017 Plan may provide that any shares issued as a result of the award will be subject to further restrictions on transfer. Amendment; Prohibition on Re-Pricing The Board of Directors may amend, alter or discontinue the 2017 Plan at any time, with stockholder approval to the extent required by applicable laws. No such amendment or termination, however, may adversely affect in any material way any holder of outstanding awards without his or her consent, except for amendments made to cause the plan to comply with applicable law, stock exchange rules or accounting rules. Except in connection with a corporate transaction, no award may be amended or otherwise subject to any action that would be treated as a “re-pricing” of such award, unless such action is approved by our stockholders. Federal Income Tax Consequences The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of awards made under the 2017 Plan, based upon the laws in effect on the date hereof. The discussion is general in nature and does not take into account a number of considerations which may apply in light of the circumstances of a particular participant under the plan. The income tax consequences under applicable state and local tax laws may not be the same as under federal income tax laws. Non-Qualified Stock Options. A participant will not recognize taxable income at the time of grant of a non- qualified stock option, and we will not be entitled to a tax deduction at such time. A participant will recognize compensation taxable as ordinary income (and subject to income tax withholding in respect of an employee) upon exercise of a non-qualified stock option equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares purchased over their exercise price, and we generally will be entitled to a corresponding deduction. 78 Incentive Stock Options. A participant will not recognize taxable income at the time of grant of an incentive stock option. A participant will not recognize taxable income (except for purposes of the alternative minimum tax) upon exercise of an incentive stock option. If the shares acquired by exercise of an incentive stock option are held for the longer of two years from the date the option was granted and one year from the date the shares were transferred, any gain or loss arising from a subsequent disposition of such shares will be taxed as long-term capital gain or loss, and we will not be entitled to any deduction. If, however, such shares are disposed of within either of such two- or one-year periods, then in the year of such disposition the participant will recognize compensation taxable as ordinary income equal to the excess of the lesser of the amount realized upon such disposition and the fair market value of such shares on the date of exercise over the exercise price, and we generally will be entitled to a corresponding deduction. Stock Appreciation Rights. A participant will not recognize taxable income at the time of grant of a SAR, and we will not be entitled to a tax deduction at such time. Upon exercise, a participant will recognize compensation taxable as ordinary income (and subject to income tax withholding in respect of an employee) equal to the fair market value of any shares delivered and the amount of cash paid by us, and we generally will be entitled to a corresponding deduction. Restricted Stock. A participant will not recognize taxable income at the time of grant of restricted stock, and we will not be entitled to a tax deduction at such time, unless the participant makes an election under Section 83(b) of the Internal Revenue Code to be taxed at such time. If such election is made, the participant will recognize compensation taxable as ordinary income (and subject to income tax withholding in respect of an employee) at the time of the grant equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares at such time over the amount, if any, paid for such shares. If such election is not made, the participant will recognize compensation taxable as ordinary income (and subject to income tax withholding in respect of an employee) at the time the restrictions lapse in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares at such time over the amount, if any, paid for such shares. We generally will be entitled to a corresponding deduction at the time the ordinary income is recognized by the participant, except to the extent the deduction limits of Section 162(m) apply. Restricted Stock Units. A participant will not recognize taxable income at the time of grant of a restricted stock unit award, and we will not be entitled to a tax deduction at such time. A participant will recognize compensation taxable as ordinary income (and subject to income tax withholding in respect of an employee) at the time of settlement of the award equal to the fair market value of any shares delivered and the amount of cash paid by us, and we generally will be entitled to a corresponding deduction, except to the extent the deduction limits of Section 162(m) apply. Other Share-Based Awards and Cash Awards. Generally, participants will recognize taxable income at the time of payment of cash awards and at the time of settlement of other share-based awards (with the amount of income recognized pursuant to other share-based awards generally being equal to the amount of cash and the fair market value of any shares delivered under the award). We generally will be entitled to a corresponding deduction, except to the extent the deduction limits of Section 162(m) apply. Section 162(m). Section 162(m) limits the deductibility of certain compensation of the Chief Executive Officer and the next three most highly compensated executive officers (other than the chief financial officer) of a publicly-held corporation. Compensation paid to such an officer during a year in excess of $1 million that is not qualified performance-based compensation (or does not comply with other exceptions) would not be deductible on our federal income tax return for that year. Our Board will evaluate from time to time the relative benefits to us of qualifying other awards under the plan for deductibility under Section 162(m). Section 409A. Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code imposes certain restrictions upon the payment of nonqualified deferred compensation. We intend that awards granted under the 2017 Plan will be designed and administered in such a manner that they are either exempt from the application of, or comply with, the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code. However, the Company does not warrant the tax treatment of any award under Section 409A or otherwise. 79 Registration with the SEC The Company intends to file a Registration Statement on Form S-8 relating to the issuance of shares under the 2017 Plan with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, after approval of the 2017 Plan by the Company’s stockholders. New Plan Benefits Because it is within the discretion of the Compensation Committee to determine which non-employee directors, employees and consultants will receive awards and the amount and type of such awards, it is not presently possible to determine the number of individuals to whom awards will be made in the future under the 2017 Plan or the amount of such awards. Additional Information The following table provides information about stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock units granted under the 2011 Plan since it was adopted. The information is provided as of February 24, 2017. Name of Individual or Identity of Group Richard J. Giromini Jeffery L. Taylor Erin J. Roth Mark J. Weber Brent L. Yeagy All Current Executive Officers All Current Directors who are not Executive Officers Nominees for Election as Director Total Amount of Awards Granted Under the Plan (All Employees and Directors) Board Recommendation Number of Equity Awards Granted Since Inception of 2011 Plan Restricted Stock Units Performance Stock Units (at Target) Stock Options 278,090 24,170 59,380 69,680 51,540 508,560 - - 314,215 69,270 59,251 73,413 70,093 623,032 153,635 - 438,136 84,753 82,695 102,957 99,127 860,394 - - 1,240,700 1,521,229 1,776,762 The Board of Directors UNANIMOUSLY recommends that you vote “FOR” the approval of the Wabash National Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan. 80 PROPOSAL 5 Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has appointed the accounting firm Ernst & Young LLP the independent registered public accounting firm for the Company for the year ending December 31, 2017. Ernst & Young acted as our independent auditors for the year ended December 31, 2016. Representatives of Ernst & Young are expected to be present at the Annual Meeting, will have an opportunity to make a statement if they desire and are expected to be available to respond to appropriate questions. The Audit Committee is responsible for hiring, compensating and overseeing the independent registered public accounting firm, and reserves the right to exercise that responsibility at any time. If the appointment of Ernst & Young is not ratified by the stockholders, the Audit Committee is not obligated to appoint another registered public accounting firm, but the Audit Committee will give consideration to such unfavorable vote. Board Recommendation The Board of Directors UNANIMOUSLY recommends that you vote “FOR” ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2017. Principal Accounting Fees and Services The fees billed by Ernst & Young for professional services provided to us for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows: Fee Category Audit Fees Audit-Related Fees Tax Fees All Other Fees Total Fees Audit Fees. 2016 2015 ($ in thousands) $ 1,424 $ 1,342 - - - 305 - - $ 1,424 $ 1,647 Consist of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our consolidated financial statements and review of the interim consolidated financial statements included in quarterly reports, and services in connection with securities offerings and registration statements. Audit-Related Fees. Consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our consolidated financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” For 2015, these services included audits of benefit plans, services in connection with due diligence related to acquisitions, and other audit-related services. Tax Fees. Consist of fees billed for professional services related to tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. 81 All Other Fees. Consist of fees for services provided by Ernst & Young that are not included in the service categories reported above. In 2016 and 2015, all Ernst & Young fees were pre-approved by the Audit Committee pursuant to the policy described below. After consideration, the Audit Committee has concluded that the provision of non-audit services by Ernst & Young to Wabash is compatible with maintaining the independence of Ernst & Young. Pre-Approval Policy for Audit and Non-Audit Fees The Audit Committee has sole authority and responsibility to select, evaluate and, if necessary, replace the independent auditor. The Audit Committee has sole authority to approve all audit engagement fees and terms, and the Committee, or a member of the Committee, must pre-approve any non-audit service provided to the Company by the Company’s independent auditor. The Audit Committee reviews the status of each engagement at its regularly scheduled meetings. In 2016 and 2015, the Committee pre-approved all services provided by the independent auditor. The independent auditor provides an engagement letter in advance of the meeting of the Audit Committee that occurs in connection with our annual meeting of stockholders, outlining the scope of the audit and related audit fees. Audit Committee Report THE FOLLOWING REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE DOES NOT CONSTITUTE SOLICITING MATERIAL AND SHOULD NOT BE DEEMED FILED OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO ANY OTHER FILING BY US UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT WE SPECIFICALLY INCORPORATE THIS REPORT. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors in 2016 consisted of Mr. Sorensen, Dr. Jischke, and Mr. Kunz. The Committee’s responsibilities are described in a written charter adopted by the Board of Directors in February 2003, and revised and updated in December 2015. The charter is available on our website at www.wabashnational.com or by writing to us at Wabash National Corporation, Attention: Corporate Secretary, P.O. Box 6129, Lafayette, Indiana 47903. As part of its ongoing activities, the Audit Committee has: • • • Reviewed and discussed with management our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016; Discussed with Ernst & Young, our independent auditors for 2016, the matters required to be discussed by Statement on Auditing Standards No. 16, Communication with Audit Committees, as amended, as adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in Rule 3200T; and Received the written disclosures and the letter from the independent auditors required by applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding the independent auditors’ communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence, and has discussed with the independent auditors their independence. On the basis of these reviews and discussions, the Audit Committee recommended that our audited consolidated financial statements be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, for filing with the SEC. AUDIT COMMITTEE Scott K. Sorensen Martin C. Jischke John E. Kunz 82 General Matters Availability of Certain Documents A copy of our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K is posted with this Proxy Statement. You also may obtain additional copies without charge and without the exhibits by writing to: Wabash National Corporation, Attention: Corporate Secretary, P.O. Box 6129, Lafayette, Indiana 47903. These documents also are available through our website at www.wabashnational.com. The charters for our Audit, Compensation, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees, as well as our Corporate Governance Guidelines and our Codes of Business Conduct and Ethics, are available on the Corporate Governance page of the Investor Relations section of our website at www.wabashnational.com and are available in print without charge by writing to: Wabash National Corporation, Attention: Corporate Secretary, P.O. Box 6129, Lafayette, Indiana 47903. Stockholder Proposals and Nominations Stockholder Proposals for Inclusion in 2018 Proxy Statement. To be eligible for inclusion in the proxy statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting, stockholder proposals must be received by the Company’s Corporate Secretary no later than the close of business on December 7, 2017. However, if the date of the 2018 Annual Meeting has changed by more than 30 days from the date of the 2017 Annual Meeting indicated herein, then stockholder proposals must be received a reasonable time before the Company begins to print and send its proxy materials for the 2018 Annual Meeting. Proposals should be sent to Wabash National Corporation, Attention: Corporate Secretary, 1000 Sagamore Parkway South, Lafayette, Indiana 47905 and follow the procedures required by Rule 14a-8 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Stockholder Director Nominations and other Stockholder Proposals for Presentation at the 2018 Annual Meeting. Under our Bylaws, written notice of stockholder nominations to the Board of Directors and any other business proposed by a stockholder that is not to be included in our proxy statement must be delivered to the Company’s Corporate Secretary not less than 90 nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting. Accordingly, any stockholder who wishes to have a nomination or other business considered at the 2018 Annual Meeting must deliver a written notice (containing the information specified in our Bylaws regarding the stockholder, the nominee and the proposed action, as appropriate) to the Company’s Corporate Secretary between January 18, 2018 and February 17, 2018. However, if the date of the 2018 Annual Meeting is more than 30 days before or after the first anniversary of the 2017 Annual Meeting, any stockholder who wishes to have a nomination or other business considered at the 2018 Annual Meeting must deliver written notice (containing the information specified in our Bylaws regarding the stockholder, the nominee and the proposed action, as appropriate) to the Company’s Corporate Secretary not earlier than 120 days prior to such Annual Meeting and not later than the later of the 90th day prior to such Annual Meeting or the tenth day following the public announcement of such Annual Meeting. SEC rules permit management to vote proxies in its discretion with respect to such matters if we advise stockholders how management intends to vote. A nomination or other proposal will be disregarded if it does not comply with the above procedure and any additional requirements set forth in our Bylaws. Please note that these requirements are separate from the SEC’s requirements to have your proposal included in our proxy materials. Householding of Proxy Materials Stockholders residing in the same household who hold their stock through a bank or broker may receive only one set of proxy materials in accordance with a notice sent earlier by their bank or broker. This practice of sending only one copy of proxy materials is called “householding” and this practice saves us money in printing and distribution costs and reduces the environmental impact of our Annual Meeting. This practice will continue unless instructions to the contrary are received by your bank or broker from one or more of the stockholders within the household. If you hold your shares in “street name” and reside in a household that received only one copy of the proxy materials, you can request to receive a separate copy in the future by following the instructions sent by your bank or 83 broker. If your household is receiving multiple copies of the proxy materials, you may request that only a single set of materials be sent by following the instructions sent by your bank or broker. Directions to the Annual Meeting Directions to the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be held at the Wabash National Corporation Ehrlich Innovation Center, located at 3233 Kossuth Street, Lafayette, IN 47904, are set forth below: Directions from Indianapolis and other points south of Lafayette: Take I-65 North toward Chicago to Lafayette Exit 172. Turn left (West) on St. Rd. 26 to U.S. 52. Turn left (South) on U.S. 52, drive approximately 1/2 mile to Kossuth Street. Turn right (West) on Kossuth Street. Drive approximately 1/10 mile; 3233 Kossuth Street (the Wabash National Corporation Ehrlich Innovation Center) will be on the left (South) side of the street. Directions from Chicago and other points north of Lafayette: Take I-65 South to Lafayette Exit 172. Turn right (West) on St. Rd. 26 to U.S. 52. Turn left (South) on U.S. 52, drive approximately 1/2 mile to Kossuth Street. Turn right (West) on Kossuth Street. Drive approximately 1/10 mile; 3233 Kossuth Street (the Wabash National Corporation Ehrlich Innovation Center) will be on the left (South) side of the street. Other Matters As of the date of this Proxy Statement, the Board of Directors does not intend to present at the Annual Meeting any matters other than those described in this Proxy Statement and does not know of any matters that will be presented by other parties. If any other matter is properly brought before the meeting for action by the stockholders, proxies in the enclosed form returned to Wabash National will be voted in accordance with the recommendation of the Board of Directors or, in the absence of such a recommendation, in accordance with the judgment of the proxy holder. By Order of the Board of Directors April 6, 2017 Erin J. Roth Senior Vice President General Counsel & Corporate Secretary 84 Exhibit A WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION 2017 OMNIBUS INCENTIVE PLAN 1. Establishment, Purpose, Duration. a. Establishment. Wabash National Corporation (the “Company”), hereby establishes an equity compensation plan to be known as the Wabash National Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). The Plan is effective as of February 22, 2017 (the “Effective Date”), subject to the approval of the Plan by the stockholders of the Company (the date of such stockholder approval being the “Approval Date”). Definitions of capitalized terms used in the Plan are contained in Section 2 of the Plan. Purpose. The purpose of the Plan is to attract and retain Directors, key Employees and Consultants of the Company and its Subsidiaries and to provide to such persons incentives and rewards for superior performance. b. Duration. No Award may be granted under the Plan after the day immediately preceding the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Effective Date, or such earlier date as the Board shall determine. The Plan will remain in effect with respect to outstanding Awards until no Awards remain outstanding. c. d. Termination of 2011 Plan. If the Company’s stockholders approve the Plan, the Wabash National Corporation 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) will terminate in its entirety effective on the Approval Date; provided that all outstanding awards under the 2011 Plan as of the Approval Date shall remain outstanding and shall be administered and settled in accordance with the provisions of the 2011 Plan. 2. Definitions. As used in the Plan, the following definitions shall apply. “Applicable Laws” means the applicable requirements relating to the administration of equity-based compensation plans under U.S. state corporate laws, U.S. federal and state securities laws, the Code, the rules of any stock exchange or quotation system on which the Shares are listed or quoted and the applicable laws of any other country or jurisdiction where Awards are granted under the Plan. “Approval Date” has the meaning given such term in Section 1(a). “Award” means an award of Nonqualified Stock Options, Incentive Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other Share-Based Awards, or Cash Awards granted pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Plan. “Award Agreement” means either: (a) an agreement, in written or electronic format, entered into by the Company and a Participant setting forth the terms and provisions applicable to an Award granted under the Plan; or (b) a statement, in written or electronic format, issued by the Company to a Participant describing the terms and provisions of such Award, which need not be signed by the Participant. “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company. “Cash Award” shall mean a cash Award granted pursuant to Section 11 of the Plan. “Cause” shall mean, with respect to any Participant, as determined by the Committee and unless otherwise provided in an applicable Award Agreement or other written agreement between such Participant and the Company or a Subsidiary, or in a Company severance plan applicable to such Participant, (a) the Participant’s willful and continued failure to perform his or her principal duties (other than any such failure resulting from vacation, leave of absence, or incapacity due to injury, accident, illness, or physical or mental capacity) as reasonably determined by the Committee in good faith after the Participant has been given written, dated notice by the Committee specifying in reasonable detail his or her failure to perform and specifying a reasonable period of time, but in any event not less than twenty (20) business days, to correct the problems set forth in the notice; (b) the Participant’s chronic alcoholism or addiction to non-medically prescribed drugs; (c) the Participant’s theft or embezzlement of the Company’s (or a Subsidiary’s) money, equipment, securities, or other property; (d) the conviction of the Participant of, or the entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere by the Participant to, any felony or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude or dishonesty; or (e) the Participant’s material breach of any employment or similar agreement with the Company or a Subsidiary, and the failure of the Participant to cure such breach within ten (10) business days of written notice thereof specifying the breach. No act or omission on the part of a Participant shall be considered willful unless it is done by the Participant in bad faith or with Participant out reasonable belief that the Participant’s action was in the best interests of the Company. Any act or omission based upon authority given pursuant to a resolution duly adopted by the Committee or the Board or based upon the advice of counsel of the Company shall be conclusively deemed to be done by the Participant in good faith and in the best interests of the Company. “Change in Control” means, unless otherwise provided in an applicable Award Agreement, (a) the dissolution or liquidation of the Company or a merger, consolidation, or reorganization of the Company with one or more other entities in which the Company is not the surviving entity (but, for purposes of clarity, a Change in Control does not include a mere change in state of incorporation or similar transaction), (b) a sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company to another person or entity, or (c) any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which the Company is the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity owning 50% or more of the combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company. “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. “Committee” means the Compensation Committee of the Board or such other committee or subcommittee of the Board as may be duly appointed to administer the Plan and having such powers in each instance as shall be specified by the Board. To the extent required by Applicable Laws, the Committee shall consist of two or more members of the Board, each of whom is a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act, an “outside director” within the meaning of regulations promulgated under Section 162(m) of the Code, and an “independent director” within the meaning of applicable rules of any securities exchange upon which Shares are listed. “Company” has the meaning given such term in Section 1(a) and any successor thereto. “Consultant” means an independent contractor who (a) performs services for the Company or a Subsidiary in a capacity other than as an Employee or Director, and (b) qualifies as a consultant under the applicable rules of the SEC for registration of shares on a Form S-8 Registration Statement. “Date of Grant” means the date specified by the Committee on which the grant of an Award is to be effective. The Date of Grant shall not be earlier than the date of the resolution and action therein by the Committee. In no event shall the Date of Grant be earlier than the Effective Date. “Director” means any individual who is a member of the Board and who is not an Employee. “Effective Date” has the meaning given such term in Section 1(a). “Employee” means any employee of the Company or a Subsidiary; provided, however, that for purposes of determining whether any person may be a Participant for purposes of any grant of Incentive Stock Options, the term “Employee” has the meaning given to such term in Section 3401(c) of the Code, as interpreted by the regulations thereunder and Applicable Law. thereunder, as such law, rules and regulations may be amended from time to time. “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations “Fair Market Value” means the value of one Share on any relevant date, determined under the following rules: (a) the closing sale price per Share on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange or such other principal exchange on which Shares are then trading, if any, or if there are no sales on that date, on the next 2 preceding trading day during which a sale occurred; (b) if the Shares are not reported on a principal exchange or national market system, the average of the closing bid and asked prices last quoted on that date by an established quotation service for over-the-counter securities; or (c) if neither (a) nor (b) applies, (i) with respect to Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights and any Award of stock rights that is subject to Section 409A of the Code, the value as determined by the Committee through the reasonable application of a reasonable valuation method, taking into account all information material to the value of the Company, within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, and (ii) with respect to all other Awards, the fair market value as determined by the Committee in good faith. “Good Reason” shall be applicable under the Plan with respect to a Participant only to the extent provided in the applicable Award Agreement, or if such Participant is a party to an applicable employment agreement or other written agreement with the Company or a Subsidiary that defines such term, or if such Participant participates in a Company severance plan that defines such term, in which case, “Good Reason” shall have the meaning given such term with respect to such Participant in the applicable Award Agreement, employment agreement, other written agreement or severance plan. Option and that is intended to meet the requirements of Section 422 of the Code. “Incentive Stock Option” or “ISO” means a Stock Option that is designated as an Incentive Stock Section 422 of the Code or otherwise does not meet such requirements. “Nonqualified Stock Option” means a Stock Option that is not intended to meet the requirements of described by the terms of the Plan, granted in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in Section 10. “Other Share-Based Award” means an equity-based or equity-related Award not otherwise outstanding Awards. “Participant” means any eligible individual as set forth in Section 5 who holds one or more limitations of Section 162(m) of the Code. “Performance-Based Exception” means the performance-based exception from the tax deductibility “Performance Objectives” means the performance objective or objectives established by the Committee with respect to an Award granted pursuant to the Plan. Any Performance Objectives may relate to the performance of the Company or one or more of its Subsidiaries, divisions, departments, units, functions, partnerships, joint ventures or minority investments, product lines or products, or the performance of the individual Participant, and may include, without limitation, Performance Objectives based on the criteria set forth in Section 14(b). Performance Objectives may be made relative to the performance of a group of comparable companies, or a published or special index that the Committee, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate, or the Company may select Performance Objectives as compared to various stock market indices. Performance Objectives may be stated as a combination of the listed factors. “Plan” means this Wabash National Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time. Plan. “Prior Plans” means the 2011 Plan and the Wabash National Corporation 2007 Omnibus Incentive substantial risk of forfeiture nor the prohibition on transfers referred to in such Section 8 has expired. “Restricted Stock” means Shares granted or sold pursuant to Section 8 as to which neither the specified restriction period made pursuant to Section 9. “Restricted Stock Unit” means a grant or sale of the right to receive Shares or cash at the end of a “SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 3 into which such Share may be changed by reason of any transaction or event of the type referred to in Section 16. “Share” means a share of common stock of the Company, $0.01 par value per share, or any security “Stock Appreciation Right” means a right granted pursuant to Section 7. “Stock Option” means a right to purchase a Share granted to a Participant under the Plan in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in Section 6. Stock Options may be either Incentive Stock Options or Nonqualified Stock Options. “Subsidiary” means: (a) with respect to an Incentive Stock Option, a “subsidiary corporation” as defined under Section 424(f) of the Code; and (b) for all other purposes under the Plan, any corporation or other entity in which the Company owns, directly or indirectly, a proprietary interest of more than fifty percent (50%) by reason of stock ownership or otherwise. voting power of all classes of stock of the Company, within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code. “Ten Percent Stockholder” shall mean any Participant who owns more than 10% of the combined 3. Shares Available Under the Plan. a. Shares Available for Awards. The maximum number of Shares that may be issued or delivered pursuant to Awards under the Plan shall be 3,150,000 (all of which may be granted with respect to Incentive Stock Options), increased by the Shares covered by any award outstanding under a Prior Plan on the Approval Date that is forfeited, canceled, surrendered, settled in cash or otherwise terminated thereafter without the issuance of such Shares. Shares issued or delivered pursuant to an Award may be authorized but unissued Shares, treasury Shares, including Shares purchased in the open market, or a combination of the foregoing. The aggregate number and kind of Shares available for issuance or delivery under the Plan shall be subject to adjustment as provided in Section 16. b. Share Counting. The following Shares shall not count against the Share limit in Section 3(a): (i) Shares covered by an Award that expires or is forfeited, canceled, surrendered, or otherwise terminated without the issuance of such Shares; (ii) Shares covered by an Award that is settled only in cash; (iii) Shares withheld by the Company or any Subsidiary to satisfy a tax withholding obligation with respect to an Award other than a Stock Option or Stock Appreciation Right; and (iv) Shares granted through the assumption of, or in substitution for, outstanding awards granted by a company to individuals who become Employees, Directors or Consultants as the result of a merger, consolidation, acquisition or other corporate transaction involving such company and the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (except as may be required by reason of the rules and regulations of any stock exchange or other trading market on which the Shares are listed). This Section 3(b) shall apply to the number of Shares reserved and available for Incentive Stock Options only to the extent consistent with applicable Treasury regulations relating to Incentive Stock Options under the Code. c. Prohibition of Certain Share Recycling. The following Shares subject to an Award shall not again be available for grant as described above, regardless of whether those Shares are actually issued or delivered to the Participant: (i) Shares tendered by the Participant or withheld by the Company or any Subsidiary in payment of the exercise price of a Stock Option; (ii) Shares tendered by the Participant or withheld by the Company or any Subsidiary to satisfy a tax withholding obligation with respect to a Stock Option or Stock Appreciation Right; and (iii) Shares that are repurchased by the Company with Stock Option proceeds. Without limiting the foregoing, with respect to any Stock Appreciation Right that is settled in Shares, the full number of Shares subject to the Award shall count against the number of Shares available for Awards under the Plan regardless of the number of Shares used to settle the Stock Appreciation Right upon exercise. d. Per Participant Limits for Certain Performance-Based Awards. Subject to adjustment as provided in Section 16 of the Plan, the following limits shall apply with respect to Awards to Employees that are intended to qualify for the Performance-Based Exception: (i) the maximum aggregate number of Shares that may be subject to Stock Options or Stock Appreciation Rights granted in any calendar year to any one Participant shall be 750,000 Shares; (ii) the maximum aggregate number of Shares of Restricted Stock and Shares issuable or deliverable under Restricted Stock Units and Other Share-Based Awards granted in any calendar year to any one Participant shall 4 be 650,000 Shares (or 700,000 Shares in the year that the Participant is first employed by the Company or a Subsidiary); and (iii) the maximum aggregate cash compensation that can be paid pursuant to Cash Awards or other Awards granted in any calendar year to any one Participant shall be $2,500,000 for Awards with a performance period not exceeding twelve months, and $5,000,000 for Awards with a performance period exceeding twelve months. e. Limit on Director Awards. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, the aggregate grant date fair value (determined as of the applicable Date(s) of Grant in accordance with applicable financial accounting rules) of all Awards granted to any Director during any single calendar year, taken together with any cash fees paid to such person during such calendar year, shall not exceed $350,000. 4. Administration of the Plan. a. In General. The Plan shall be administered by the Committee. Except as otherwise provided by the Board, the Committee shall have full and final authority in its discretion to take all actions determined by the Committee to be necessary in the administration of the Plan, including, without limitation, discretion to: select Award recipients; determine the sizes and types of Awards; determine the terms and conditions of Awards in a manner consistent with the Plan; grant waivers of terms, conditions, restrictions and limitations applicable to any Award, or accelerate the vesting or exercisability of any Award, in a manner consistent with the Plan; construe and interpret the Plan and any Award Agreement or other agreement or instrument entered into under the Plan; establish, amend, or waive rules and regulations for the Plan’s administration; and take such other action, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, as the Committee deems appropriate. To the extent permitted by Applicable Laws, the Committee may, in its discretion, delegate to one or more Directors or Employees any of the Committee’s authority under the Plan. The acts of any such delegates shall be treated hereunder as acts of the Committee with respect to any matters so delegated. b. Determinations. The Committee shall have no obligation to treat Participants or eligible Participants uniformly, and the Committee may make determinations under the Plan selectively among Participants who receive, or Employees or Directors who are eligible to receive, Awards (whether or not such Participants or eligible Employees or Directors are similarly situated). All determinations and decisions made by the Committee pursuant to the provisions of the Plan and all related orders and resolutions of the Committee shall be final, conclusive and binding on all persons, including the Company, its Subsidiaries, stockholders, Directors, Employees, Participants and their estates and beneficiaries. c. Authority of the Board. The Board may reserve to itself any or all of the authority or responsibility of the Committee under the Plan or may act as the administrator of the Plan for any and all purposes. To the extent the Board has reserved any such authority or responsibility or during any time that the Board is acting as administrator of the Plan, it shall have all the powers of the Committee hereunder, and any reference herein to the Committee (other than in this Section 4(c)) shall include the Board. To the extent that any action of the Board under the Plan conflicts with any action taken by the Committee, the action of the Board shall control. 5. Eligibility and Participation. Each Employee, Director and Consultant shall be eligible to participate in the Plan upon selection by the Committee. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee may, from time to time, select from all eligible Employees, Directors and Consultants those to whom Awards shall be granted and shall determine, in its sole discretion, the nature of any and all terms permissible by Applicable Law and the amount of each Award. 6. Stock Options. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, Stock Options may be granted to Participants in such number, and upon such terms and conditions, as shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. a. Award Agreement. Each Stock Option shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement that shall specify the exercise price, the term of the Stock Option, the number of Shares covered by the Stock Option, the conditions upon which the Stock Option shall become vested and exercisable and such other terms and conditions as the Committee shall determine and which are not inconsistent with the terms and conditions of the Plan (including, but not limited to, the minimum vesting provisions of Section 12). The Award Agreement also shall specify whether 5 the Stock Option is intended to be an Incentive Stock Option or a Nonqualified Stock Option. No dividend equivalents may be granted with respect to the Shares underlying a Stock Option. b. Exercise Price. The exercise price per Share of a Stock Option shall be determined by the Committee at the time the Stock Option is granted and shall be specified in the related Award Agreement; provided, however, that in no event shall the exercise price per Share of any Stock Option be less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Date of Grant. Term. The term of a Stock Option shall be determined by the Committee and set forth in the related Award Agreement; provided, however, that in no event shall the term of any Stock Option exceed ten (10) years from its Date of Grant. c. d. Exercisability. Stock Options shall become vested and exercisable at such times and upon such terms and conditions as shall be determined by the Committee and set forth in the related Award Agreement. Such terms and conditions may include, without limitation, the satisfaction of (a) one or more Performance Objectives, and (b) time-based vesting requirements. e. Exercise of Stock Options. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or in a related Award Agreement, a Stock Option may be exercised for all or any portion of the Shares for which it is then exercisable. A Stock Option shall be exercised by the delivery of a notice of exercise to the Company or its designee in a form specified by the Company which sets forth the number of Shares with respect to which the Stock Option is to be exercised and full payment of the exercise price for such Shares. The exercise price of a Stock Option may be paid, in the discretion of the Committee and as set forth in the applicable Award Agreement: (i) in cash or its equivalent; (ii) by tendering (either by actual delivery or attestation) previously acquired Shares having an aggregate Fair Market Value at the time of exercise equal to the aggregate exercise price; (iii) by a cashless exercise (including by withholding Shares deliverable upon exercise and through a broker-assisted arrangement to the extent permitted by Applicable Laws); (iv) by a combination of the methods described in clauses (i), (ii) and/or (iii); or (v) through any other method approved by the Committee in its sole discretion. As soon as practicable after receipt of the notification of exercise and full payment of the exercise price, the Company shall cause the appropriate number of Shares to be issued to the Participant. in the Plan to the contrary: f. Special Rules Applicable to Incentive Stock Options. Notwithstanding any other provision Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to Employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries. The terms and conditions of Incentive Stock Options shall be subject to and comply with the requirements of Section 422 of the Code. (i) (ii) To the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value of the Shares (determined as of the Date of Grant) with respect to which an Incentive Stock Option is exercisable for the first time by any Participant during any calendar year (under all plans of the Company and its Subsidiaries) is greater than $100,000 (or such other amount specified in Section 422 of the Code), as calculated under Section 422 of the Code, then the Stock Option shall be treated as a Nonqualified Stock Option. No Incentive Stock Option shall be granted to any Participant who, on the Date of Grant, is a Ten Percent Stockholder, unless (x) the exercise price per Share of such Incentive Stock Option is at least one hundred and ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Date of Grant, and (y) the term of such Incentive Stock Option shall not exceed five (5) years from the Date of Grant. (iii) 7. Stock Appreciation Rights. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, Stock Appreciation Rights may be granted to Participants in such number, and upon such terms and conditions, as shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. Award Agreement. Each Stock Appreciation Right shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement that shall specify the exercise price, the term of the Stock Appreciation Right, the number of Shares a. 6 covered by the Stock Appreciation Right, the conditions upon which the Stock Appreciation Right shall become vested and exercisable and such other terms and conditions as the Committee shall determine and which are not inconsistent with the terms and conditions of the Plan (including, but not limited to, the minimum vesting provisions of Section 12). No dividend equivalents may be granted with respect to the Shares underlying a Stock Appreciation Right. b. Exercise Price. The exercise price per Share of a Stock Appreciation Right shall be determined by the Committee at the time the Stock Appreciation Right is granted and shall be specified in the related Award Agreement; provided, however, that in no event shall the exercise price per Share of any Stock Appreciation Right be less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Date of Grant. Term. The term of a Stock Appreciation Right shall be determined by the Committee and set forth in the related Award Agreement; provided, however, that in no event shall the term of any Stock Appreciation Right exceed ten (10) years from its Date of Grant. c. d. Exercisability of Stock Appreciation Rights. A Stock Appreciation Right shall become vested and exercisable at such times and upon such terms and conditions as may be determined by the Committee and set forth in the related Award Agreement. Such terms and conditions may include, without limitation, the satisfaction of (i) one or more Performance Objectives, and (ii) time-based vesting requirements. e. Exercise of Stock Appreciation Rights. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or in a related Award Agreement, a Stock Appreciation Right may be exercised for all or any portion of the Shares for which it is then exercisable. A Stock Appreciation Right shall be exercised by the delivery of a notice of exercise to the Company or its designee in a form specified by the Company which sets forth the number of Shares with respect to which the Stock Appreciation Right is to be exercised. Upon exercise, a Stock Appreciation Right shall entitle a Participant to an amount equal to (a) the excess of (i) the Fair Market Value of a Share on the exercise date over (ii) the exercise price per Share, multiplied by (b) the number of Shares with respect to which the Stock Appreciation Right is exercised. A Stock Appreciation Right may be settled in whole Shares, cash or a combination thereof, as specified by the Committee in the related Award Agreement. 8. Restricted Stock. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, Restricted Stock may be granted or sold to Participants in such number of Shares, and upon such terms and conditions, as shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. a. Award Agreement. Each Restricted Stock Award shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement that shall specify the number of Shares of Restricted Stock, the restriction period(s) applicable to the Restricted Stock, the conditions upon which the restrictions on the Restricted Stock will lapse and such other terms and conditions as the Committee shall determine and which are not inconsistent with the terms and conditions of the Plan (including, but not limited to, the minimum vesting provisions of Section 12). b. Terms, Conditions and Restrictions. The Committee shall impose such other terms, conditions and/or restrictions on any Restricted Stock as it may deem advisable, including, without limitation, a requirement that the Participant pay a purchase price for each Share of Restricted Stock, restrictions based on the achievement of specific Performance Objectives, time-based restrictions or holding requirements or sale restrictions placed on the Shares by the Company upon vesting of such Restricted Stock. Unless otherwise provided in the related Award Agreement or required by applicable law, the restrictions imposed on Restricted Stock shall lapse upon the expiration or termination of the applicable restriction period and the satisfaction of any other applicable terms and conditions. Custody of Certificates. To the extent deemed appropriate by the Committee, the Company may retain any certificates representing Restricted Stock in the Company’s possession until such time as all terms, conditions and/or restrictions applicable to such Restricted Stock have been satisfied or lapse. c. Rights Associated with Restricted Stock during Restriction Period. During any restriction period applicable to Restricted Stock: (i) the Restricted Stock may not be sold, transferred, pledged, assigned or otherwise alienated or hypothecated; (ii) unless otherwise provided in the related Award Agreement, the Participant d. 7 shall be entitled to exercise full voting rights associated with such Restricted Stock; and (iii) the Participant shall be entitled to all dividends and other distributions paid with respect to such Restricted Stock during the restriction period; provided, however, that any dividends with respect to unvested Restricted Stock shall be accumulated or deemed reinvested in additional Restricted Stock until such Award is earned and vested, and shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as the original Award (including service-based vesting conditions and any Performance Objectives). 9. Restricted Stock Units. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, Restricted Stock Units may be granted or sold to Participants in such number, and upon such terms and conditions, as shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. a. Award Agreement. Each Restricted Stock Unit Award shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement that shall specify the number of units, the restriction period(s) applicable to the Restricted Stock Units, the conditions upon which the restrictions on the Restricted Stock Units will lapse, the time and method of payment of the Restricted Stock Units, and such other terms and conditions as the Committee shall determine and which are not inconsistent with the terms and conditions of the Plan (including, but not limited to, the minimum vesting provisions of Section 12). b. Terms, Conditions and Restrictions. The Committee shall impose such other terms, conditions and/or restrictions on any Restricted Stock Units as it may deem advisable, including, without limitation, a requirement that the Participant pay a purchase price for each Restricted Stock Unit, restrictions based on the achievement of specific Performance Objectives or time-based restrictions or holding requirements. combination thereof, as specified by the Committee in the related Award Agreement. c. Form of Settlement. Restricted Stock Units may be settled in whole Shares, cash or a d. Dividend Equivalents. Restricted Stock Units may provide the Participant with dividend equivalents, payable either in cash or in additional Shares, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion and set forth in the related Award Agreement; provided, however, that any dividend equivalents with respect to unvested Restricted Stock Units shall be accumulated or deemed reinvested in additional Restricted Stock Units until such Award is earned and vested, and shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as the original Award (including service-based vesting conditions and any Performance Objectives). 10. Other Share-Based Awards. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, Other Share-Based Awards may be granted to Participants in such number, and upon such terms and conditions, as shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. Other Share-Based Awards are Awards that are valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on the Fair Market Value of, Shares, and shall be in such form as the Committee shall determine, including without limitation, unrestricted Shares or time-based or performance-based units that are settled in Shares and/or cash. a. Award Agreement. Each Other Share-Based Award shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement that shall specify the terms and conditions upon which the Other Share-Based Award shall become vested, if applicable, the time and method of settlement, the form of settlement and such other terms and conditions as the Committee shall determine and which are not inconsistent with the terms and conditions of the Plan (including, but not limited to, the minimum vesting provisions of Section 12). or a combination thereof, as specified by the Committee in the related Award Agreement. b. Form of Settlement. An Other Share-Based Award may be settled in whole Shares, cash c. Dividend Equivalents. Other Share-Based Awards may provide the Participant with dividend equivalents, on payable either in cash or in additional Shares, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion and set forth in the related Award Agreement; provided, however, that any dividend equivalents with respect to unvested Other Share-Based Awards shall be accumulated or deemed reinvested until such Award is earned and vested, and shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as the original Award (including service-based vesting conditions and any Performance Objectives). 8 11. Cash Awards. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, Cash Awards may be granted to Participants in such amounts and upon such other terms and conditions as shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. Each Cash Award shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement that shall specify the payment amount or payment range, the time and method of settlement and the other terms and conditions, as applicable, of such Award which may include, without limitation, restrictions based on the achievement of specific Performance Objectives. 12. Minimum Vesting Provisions. Subject to Sections 19, 21 and 22(b) of the Plan, (a) no condition on vesting or exercisability of an Award, whether based on continued employment or other service or based upon the achievement of Performance Objectives, shall be based on service or performance (as applicable) over a period of less than one year, and (b) upon and after such minimum one-year period, restrictions on vesting or exercisability may lapse on a pro-rated, graded, or cliff basis as specified in the Award Agreement; provided, however, that Awards covering up to five percent (5%) of the Shares reserved for issuance pursuant to Section 3(a) may be granted under this Plan as unrestricted Shares or otherwise as Awards with a performance period or vesting period of less than one year. 13. Compliance with Section 409A. Awards granted under the Plan shall be designed and administered in such a manner that they are either exempt from the application of, or comply with, the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. To the extent that the Committee determines that any award granted under the Plan is subject to Section 409A of the Code, the Award Agreement shall incorporate the terms and conditions necessary to avoid the imposition of an additional tax under Section 409A of the Code upon a Participant. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan or any Award Agreement (unless the Award Agreement provides otherwise with specific reference to this Section 13): (a) an Award shall not be granted, deferred, accelerated, extended, paid out, settled, substituted or modified under the Plan in a manner that would result in the imposition of an additional tax under Section 409A of the Code upon a Participant; and (b) if an Award is subject to Section 409A of the Code, and if the Participant holding the award is a “specified employee” (as defined in Section 409A of the Code, with such classification to be determined in accordance with the methodology established by the Company), then, to the extent required to avoid the imposition of an additional tax under Section 409A of the Code upon a Participant, no distribution or payment of any amount shall be made before the date that is six (6) months following the date of such Participant’s “separation from service” (as defined in Section 409A of the Code) or, if earlier, the date of the Participant’s death. Although the Company intends to administer the Plan so that Awards will be exempt from, or will comply with, the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, the Company does not warrant that any Award under the Plan will qualify for favorable tax treatment under Section 409A of the Code or any other provision of federal, state, local, or non- United States law. The Company shall not be liable to any Participant for any tax, interest, or penalties the Participant might owe as a result of the grant, holding, vesting, exercise, or payment of any Award under the Plan. 14. Compliance with Section 162(m). a. In General. Notwithstanding anything in the Plan to the contrary, Awards may be granted in a manner that is intended to qualify for the Performance-Based Exception. As determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, the grant, vesting, exercisability and/or settlement of any Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other Share-Based Awards and Cash Awards intended to qualify for the Performance-Based Exception shall be conditioned on the attainment of one or more Performance Objectives during a performance period established by the Committee and must satisfy the requirements of this Section 14. b. Performance Objectives. If an Award is intended to qualify for the Performance-Based Exception, then the Performance Objectives shall be based on specified levels of or growth in one or more of the following criteria: (i) total stockholder return; (ii) such total stockholder return as compared to total return (on a comparable basis) of a publicly available index such as, but not limited to, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index; (iii) net income; (iv) pretax earnings; (v) earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization; (vi) earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization and before bonuses, service fees, and extraordinary or special items; (vii) pretax operating earnings after interest expense and before bonuses, service fees, and extraordinary or special items; (viii) operating margin; (ix) operating income; (x) earnings per share; (xi) return measures (including return on equity, return on capital, return on invested capital, return on investment, and/or return on net assets); (xii) operating earnings; (xiii) working capital; (xiv) ratio of debt to stockholders’ equity; (xv) free cash flow; (xvi) revenue; and (xvii) stock price. 9 c. Establishment of Performance Objectives. With respect to Awards intended to qualify for the Performance-Based Exception, the Committee shall establish: (i) the applicable Performance Objectives and performance period, and (ii) the formula for computing the payout. Such terms and conditions shall be established in writing while the outcome of the applicable performance period is substantially uncertain, but in no event later than the earlier of: (x) ninety days after the beginning of the applicable performance period, or (y) the expiration of twenty- five percent (25%) of the applicable performance period. d. Certification of Performance. With respect to any Award intended to qualify for the Performance-Based Exception, the Committee shall certify in writing whether the applicable Performance Objectives and other material terms imposed on such Award have been satisfied, and, if they have, ascertain the amount of the payout or vesting of the Award. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan, payment or vesting of any such Award shall not be made until the Committee certifies in writing that the applicable Performance Objectives and any other material terms of such Award were in fact satisfied in a manner conforming to applicable regulations under Section 162(m) of the Code. e. Certain Adjustments. The Committee may provide with respect to any Award that the evaluation of the attainment of a Performance Objective may include or exclude any of the following events that occur during the applicable performance period: (i) asset write-downs; (ii) litigation or claims, judgments, or settlements; (iii) the effect of changes in tax laws, accounting principles, or other laws or provisions affecting reported results; (iv) any reorganization or restructuring events or programs; (v) items that are either of an unusual nature or infrequently occurring, as described in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-01; (vi) acquisitions or divestitures; (vii) foreign exchange gains and losses; (viii) impact of Shares purchased through stock repurchase programs; (ix) tax valuation adjustments; (x) impairment expense; (xi) environmental expense; and (xii) such other events as specified by the Committee. Except as otherwise provided in the exercise of the Committee’s negative discretion pursuant to Section 14(f), to the extent any of the foregoing inclusions or exclusions affect Awards that are intended to qualify for the Performance-Based Exception, such inclusions or exclusions shall be prescribed in writing during the period specified in Section 14(c) and in an objectively determinable manner that meets the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code for deductibility. f. Negative Discretion. With respect to any Award intended to qualify for the Performance- Based Exception, after the date that the Performance Objectives are required to be established in writing pursuant to Section 14(c), the Committee shall not have discretion to increase the amount of compensation that is payable upon achievement of the designated Performance Objectives. However, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, reduce the amount of compensation that is payable upon achievement of the designated Performance Objectives. 15. Transferability. Except as otherwise determined by the Committee, no Award or dividend equivalents paid with respect to any Award shall be transferable by the Participant except by will or the laws of descent and distribution; provided, however, that if so determined by the Committee, each Participant may, in a manner established by the Board or the Committee, designate a beneficiary to exercise the rights of the Participant with respect to any Award upon the death of the Participant and to receive Shares or other property issued or delivered under such Award. Except as otherwise determined by the Committee, Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights will be exercisable during a Participant’s lifetime only by the Participant or, in the event of the Participant’s legal incapacity to do so, by the Participant’s guardian or legal representative acting on behalf of the Participant in a fiduciary capacity under state law and/or court supervision. 16. Adjustments. In the event of any equity restructuring (within the meaning of Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, or any successor thereto), such as a stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split, spinoff, rights offering, or recapitalization through a large, nonrecurring cash dividend, the Committee shall cause there to be an equitable adjustment in the number and kind of Shares specified in Sections 3(a), 3(d) and 12 of the Plan and, with respect to outstanding Awards, in the number and kind of Shares subject to outstanding Awards and the exercise price or other price of Shares subject to outstanding Awards, in each case to prevent dilution or enlargement of the rights of Participants. In the event of any other change in corporate capitalization, or in the event of a merger, consolidation, liquidation, or similar transaction, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, cause there to be an equitable adjustment as described in the foregoing sentence, to prevent dilution or enlargement of rights; provided, however, that, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the number of Shares subject to any Award shall always be rounded down to a whole number. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the 10 Committee shall not make any adjustment pursuant to this Section 16 that would (a) cause any Stock Option intended to qualify as an ISO to fail to so qualify, (b) cause an Award that is otherwise exempt from Section 409A of the Code to become subject to Section 409A, or (c) cause an Award that is subject to Section 409A of the Code to fail to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A. The determination of the Committee as to the foregoing adjustments, if any, shall be conclusive and binding on all Participants and any other persons claiming under or through any Participant. 17. Fractional Shares. The Company shall not be required to issue or deliver any fractional Shares pursuant to the Plan and, unless otherwise provided by the Committee, fractional shares shall be settled in cash. 18. Withholding Taxes. To the extent required by Applicable Law, a Participant shall be required to satisfy, in a manner satisfactory to the Company or Subsidiary, as applicable, any withholding tax obligations that arise by reason of the exercise of a Stock Option or Stock Appreciation Right, the vesting of or settlement of Shares under an Award, an election pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Code or otherwise with respect to an Award. The Company and its Subsidiaries shall not be required to issue or deliver Shares, make any payment or to recognize the transfer or disposition of Shares until such obligations are satisfied. The Committee may permit or require these obligations to be satisfied by having the Company withhold a portion of the Shares that otherwise would be issued or delivered to a Participant upon exercise of a Stock Option or Stock Appreciation Right or upon the vesting or settlement of an Award, or by tendering Shares previously acquired, provided that in no event will the Fair Market Value of any Shares so withheld exceed the amount of taxes required to be withheld based on the minimum statutory tax rates in the applicable taxing jurisdictions. Any such elections are subject to such conditions or procedures as may be established by the Committee and may be subject to disapproval by the Committee. 19. Foreign Employees. Without amending the Plan, the Committee may grant Awards to Participants who are foreign nationals, or who are subject to Applicable Laws of one or more non-United States jurisdictions, on such terms and conditions different from those specified in the Plan as may in the judgment of the Committee be necessary or desirable to foster and promote achievement of the purposes of the Plan, and, in furtherance of such purposes, the Committee may approve such sub-plans, supplements to or amendments, modifications, restatements or alternative versions of this Plan as may be necessary or advisable to comply with provisions of Applicable Laws of other countries in which the Company or its Subsidiaries operate or have employees. 20. Forfeiture; Recoupment. a. Detrimental Activity; Termination for Cause. The Committee may reserve the right in an Award Agreement to cause a forfeiture of the gain realized by a Participant with respect to an Award thereunder on account of actions taken by, or failed to be taken by, such Participant in violation or breach of or in conflict with any (i) employment agreement, (ii) non-competition agreement, (iii) agreement prohibiting solicitation of employees or clients of the Company or any Subsidiary, (iv) confidentiality obligation with respect to the Company or any Subsidiary, or (v) other agreement, as and to the extent specified in such Award Agreement. The Committee may annul an outstanding Award if the Participant thereof is an Employee and is terminated for Cause. b. Compensation Recovery Policy. Any Award granted to a Participant shall be subject to forfeiture or repayment pursuant to the terms of any applicable compensation recovery policy maintained by the Company from time to time, including any such policy that may be maintained to comply with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act or any rules or regulations issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission or applicable securities exchange. c. Set-Off and Other Remedies. To the extent that amounts are not immediately returned or paid to the Company as provided in this Section 20, the Company may, to the extent permitted by Applicable Laws, seek other remedies, including a set off of the amounts so payable to it against any amounts that may be owing from time to time by the Company or a Subsidiary to the Participant for any reason, including, without limitation, wages, or vacation pay or other benefits; provided, however, that, except to the extent permitted by Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-3(j)(4), such offset shall not apply to amounts that are “deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code. 11 21. Change in Control. a. Committee Discretion. The Committee may, in its sole discretion and without the consent of Participants, either by the terms of the Award Agreement applicable to any Award or by resolution adopted prior to the occurrence of a Change in Control, determine whether and to what extent outstanding Awards under the Plan shall be assumed, converted or replaced by the resulting entity in connection with the Change in Control (or, if the Company is the resulting entity, whether such Awards shall be continued by the Company), in each case subject to equitable adjustments in accordance with Section 16 of the Plan. b. Awards that are Assumed. To the extent outstanding Awards granted under the Plan are assumed, converted or replaced by the resulting entity in the event of a Change in Control (or, if the Company is the resulting entity, to the extent such Awards are continued by the Company) as provided in Section 21(a) of the Plan, then, except as otherwise provided in the applicable Award Agreement or in another written agreement with the Participant, or in a Company severance plan applicable to the Participant: (i) Any such outstanding Awards that are subject to Performance Objectives shall be converted to service-based Awards by the resulting entity (A) as if “target” performance had been achieved, if less than half of the applicable performance period has lapsed as of the date of the Change in Control (or if at least half of the applicable performance period has lapsed, but, in the Committee’s judgment, actual performance as of the date of the Change in Control is not determinable), or (B) based on actual performance as of the date of the Change in Control (if determinable), if at least half of the applicable performance period has lapsed as of the date of the Change in Control, and in either case, such converted Awards shall continue to vest and become exercisable (as applicable) based on continued service during the remaining vesting period; (as applicable) based on continued service during the remaining vesting period, if any; and (ii) All other such outstanding Awards shall continue to vest and become exercisable (iii) Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Participant’s employment is involuntarily terminated without Cause (or, to the extent applicable, the Participant terminates his or her employment for Good Reason), within one year after such Change in Control, all such outstanding Awards shall become vested and exercisable (as applicable) in full, effective as of the date of such termination, and any such Awards that are Stock Options or Stock Appreciation Rights shall remain exercisable for one year after such termination (or for such longer period as the Committee may determine). c. Awards that are not Assumed. To the extent outstanding Awards granted under the Plan are not assumed, converted or replaced by the resulting entity in connection with a Change in Control (or, if the Company is the resulting entity, to the extent such Awards are not continued by the Company) in accordance with Section 21(a) of the Plan, then, except as otherwise provided in the applicable Award Agreement or in another written agreement with the Participant, or in a Company severance plan applicable to the Participant, then, effective immediately prior to the Change in Control: (i) All service-based and performance-based vesting restrictions with respect to all such outstanding Awards shall lapse, with any applicable Performance Objectives deemed to be satisfied (A) as if “target” performance had been achieved, if less than half of the applicable performance period has lapsed as of the date of the Change in Control (or if at least half of the applicable performance period has lapsed, but in the Committee’s judgment, actual performance as of the date of the Change in Control is not determinable), or (B) based on actual performance as of the date of the Change in Control (if determinable by the Committee), if at least half of the applicable performance period has lapsed as of the date of the Change in Control, and all such Awards shall become fully vested, effective as of the date of such Change in Control; and Subject to Section 21(d), all such outstanding Awards that are Stock Options or Stock Appreciation Rights shall become fully exercisable for fifteen days prior to the scheduled consummation of such Change in Control (or for such longer period as the Committee may determine). (iii) Cancellation Right. The Committee may, in its sole discretion and without the consent of Participants, either by the terms of the Award Agreement applicable to any Award or by resolution adopted prior to d. 12 the occurrence of the Change in Control, provide that any outstanding Award (or a portion thereof) shall, upon the occurrence of such Change in Control, be cancelled in exchange for a payment in cash or other property (including shares of the resulting entity in connection with a Change in Control) in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the Fair Market Value of the Shares subject to the Award, over any exercise price related to the Award, which amount may be zero if the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of the Change in Control does not exceed the exercise price per Share of the applicable Awards. 22. Amendment, Modification and Termination. a. In General. The Board may at any time and from time to time, alter, amend, suspend or terminate the Plan in whole or in part; provided, however, that no alteration or amendment that requires stockholder approval in order for the Plan to comply with any rule promulgated by the SEC or any securities exchange on which Shares are listed or any other Applicable Laws shall be effective unless such amendment shall be approved by the requisite vote of stockholders of the Company entitled to vote thereon within the time period required under such applicable listing standard or rule. b. Adjustments to Outstanding Awards. The Committee may in its sole discretion at any time (i) provide that all or a portion of a Participant’s Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights and other Awards in the nature of rights that may be exercised shall become fully or partially exercisable; (ii) provide that all or a part of the time-based vesting restrictions on all or a portion of the outstanding Awards shall lapse, and/or that any Performance Objectives or other performance-based criteria with respect to any Awards shall be deemed to be wholly or partially satisfied; or (iii) waive any other limitation or requirement under any such Award, in each case, as of such date as the Committee may, in its sole discretion, declare. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, any such adjustment that is made with respect to an Award that is intended to qualify for the Performance-Based Exception shall be made at such times and in such manner as will not cause such Awards to fail to qualify under the Performance-Based Exception. Additionally, the Committee shall not make any adjustment pursuant to this Section 22(b) that would cause an Award that is otherwise exempt from Section 409A of the Code to become subject to Section 409A, or that would cause an Award that is subject to Section 409A of the Code to fail to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A. c. Prohibition on Repricing. Except for adjustments made pursuant to Sections 16 or 21, the Board or the Committee will not, without the further approval of the stockholders of the Company, authorize the amendment of any outstanding Stock Option or Stock Appreciation Right to reduce the exercise price. No Stock Option or Stock Appreciation Right will be cancelled and replaced with an Award having a lower exercise price, or exchanged for another Award, or for cash, without further approval of the stockholders of the Company, except as provided in Sections 16 or 21. Furthermore, no Stock Option or Stock Appreciation Right will provide for the payment, at the time of exercise, of a cash bonus or grant or sale of another Award without further approval of the stockholders of the Company. This Section 22(c) is intended to prohibit the repricing of “underwater” Stock Options or Stock Appreciation Rights without stockholder approval and will not be construed to prohibit the adjustments provided for in Sections 16 or 21. d. Effect on Outstanding Awards. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary (other than Sections 16, 21, 22(b) and 24(e)), no termination, amendment, suspension, or modification of the Plan or an Award Agreement shall adversely affect in any material way any Award previously granted under the Plan, without the written consent of the Participant holding such Award; provided, however, that the Committee may modify an ISO held by a Participant to disqualify such Stock Option from treatment as an “incentive stock option” under Section 422 of the Code without the Participant’s consent. 23. Applicable Laws. The obligations of the Company with respect to Awards under the Plan shall be subject to all Applicable Laws and such approvals by any governmental agencies as the Committee determines may be required. The Plan and each Award Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, excluding any conflicts or choice of law rule or principle that might otherwise refer construction or interpretation of the Plan to the substantive law of another jurisdiction. 13 24. Miscellaneous. a. Deferral of Awards. Except with respect to Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights and Restricted Stock, the Committee may permit Participants to elect to defer the issuance or delivery of Shares or the settlement of Awards in cash under the Plan pursuant to such rules, procedures or programs as it may establish for purposes of the Plan. The Committee also may provide that deferred issuances and settlements include the payment or crediting of dividend equivalents or interest on the deferral amounts. All elections and deferrals permitted under this provision shall comply with Section 409A of the Code, including setting forth the time and manner of the election (including a compliant time and form of payment), the date on which the election is irrevocable, and whether the election can be changed until the date it is irrevocable. b. No Right of Continued Employment. The Plan shall not confer upon any Participant any right with respect to continuance of employment or other service with the Company or any Subsidiary, nor shall it interfere in any way with any right the Company or any Subsidiary would otherwise have to terminate such Participant’s employment or other service at any time. No Employee, Director or Consultant shall have the right to be selected to receive an Award under the Plan, or, having been so selected, to be selected to receive future Awards. Awards granted under the Plan shall not be considered a part of any Participant’s normal or expected compensation or salary for any purposes, including, but not limited to, calculating any severance, resignation, termination, redundancy, dismissal, end of service payments, bonuses, long-service awards, pension or retirement or welfare benefits or similar payments. c. Stock Ownership Guidelines. Any Shares delivered under the Plan shall be subject to any applicable stock ownership guidelines maintained or established by the Company from time to time for its executives and Directors. By accepting any benefit under the Plan, each Participant shall be conclusively deemed to agree to comply with the terms and conditions of any such Company stock ownership guidelines that may apply to the Participant from time to time, including, as may be necessary, the Participant’s retention of all or a portion of the Shares delivered to the Participant pursuant to Awards under the Plan. d. Unfunded, Unsecured Plan. Neither a Participant nor any other person shall, by reason of participation in the Plan, acquire any right or title to any assets, funds or property of the Company or any Subsidiary, including without limitation, any specific funds, assets or other property which the Company or any Subsidiary may set aside in anticipation of any liability under the Plan. A Participant shall have only a contractual right to an Award or the amounts, if any, payable under the Plan, unsecured by any assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, and nothing contained in the Plan shall constitute a guarantee that the assets of the Company or any Subsidiary shall be sufficient to pay any benefits to any person. e. Severability. If any provision of the Plan is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, or would disqualify the Plan or any Award under any law deemed applicable by the Committee, such provision shall be construed or deemed amended or limited in scope to conform to Applicable Laws or, in the discretion of the Committee, it shall be stricken and the remainder of the Plan shall remain in full force and effect. f. Acceptance of Plan. By accepting any benefit under the Plan, each Participant and each person claiming under or through any such Participant shall be conclusively deemed to have indicated their acceptance and ratification of, and consent to, all of the terms and conditions of the Plan and any action taken under the Plan by the Committee, the Board or the Company, in any case in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Plan. g. Successors. All obligations of the Company under the Plan and with respect to Awards shall be binding on any successor to the Company, whether the existence of such successor is the result of a direct or indirect purchase, merger, consolidation, or other event, or a sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of the Company and references to the “Company” herein and in any Award Agreements shall be deemed to refer to such successors. determination made in good faith with respect to the Plan, any Award or any Award Agreement. h. No Liability. No member of the Board or the Committee shall be liable for any action or 14 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K (Mark One) [x] [ ] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number: 1-10883 WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 1000 Sagamore Parkway South Lafayette, Indiana (Address of Principal Executive Offices) 52-1375208 (IRS Employer Identification Number) 47905 (Zip Code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (765) 771-5300 Title of each class Common Stock, $.01 Par Value Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes (cid:2) No (cid:3) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes (cid:3) No (cid:2) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes (cid:2) No (cid:3) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes (cid:2) No (cid:3) Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. (cid:3) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer (cid:2) Accelerated filer (cid:3) Non-accelerated filer (cid:3) Smaller reporting company (cid:3) (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes (cid:3) No (cid:2) The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2016 was $801,330,732 based upon the closing price of the Company's common stock as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange composite tape on such date. The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock as of February 17, 2017 was 59,959,983. Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference certain portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2016. TABLE OF CONTENTS WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION FORM 10-K FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 Pages PART I Item 1 Business ............................................................................................................................ 4 Item 1A Risk Factors ..................................................................................................................... 16 Item 1B Unresolved Staff Comments ............................................................................................. 24 Item 2 Properties ......................................................................................................................... 24 Item 3 Legal Proceedings ............................................................................................................. 25 Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures .................................................................................................. 27 PART II Item 5 Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities .......................................................................................... 28 Item 6 Selected Financial Data ................................................................................................... 29 Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ........................................................................................................................ 30 Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk .......................................... 50 Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ................................................................. 51 Item 9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure ........................................................................................................................ 81 Item 9A Controls and Procedures ................................................................................................... 81 Item 9B Other Information ............................................................................................................ 84 PART III Item 10 Executive Officers of the Registrant ................................................................................ 84 Item 11 Executive Compensation ................................................................................................. 84 Item 12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters .......................................................................................................... 84 Item 13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence .................. 84 Item 14 Principal Accounting Fees and Services ........................................................................... 84 PART IV Item 15 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules ................................................................... 85 SIGNATURES ................................................................................................................................. 87 2 FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS This Annual Report of Wabash National Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Wabash,” “Company,” “us,” “we,” or “our”) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements may include the words “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “intend,” “continue,” “believe,” “expect,” “plan” or “anticipate” and other similar words. Our “forward-looking statements” include statements regarding: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) our business plan; our expected revenues, income or loss; our ability to manage our indebtedness our strategic plan and plans for future operations; financing needs, plans and liquidity, including for working capital and capital expenditures; our ability to achieve sustained profitability; reliance on certain customers and corporate relationships; availability and pricing of raw materials; availability of capital and financing; dependence on industry trends; the outcome of any pending litigation or notice of environmental dispute; export sales and new markets; engineering and manufacturing capabilities and capacity; acceptance of new technology and products; government regulation; and assumptions relating to the foregoing. Although we believe that the expectations expressed in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from those projected or assumed in our forward-looking statements. Our future financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to change and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, such as those disclosed in this Annual Report. Each forward-looking statement contained in this Annual Report reflects our management’s view only as of the date on which that forward-looking statement was made. We are not obligated to update forward-looking statements or publicly release the result of any revisions to them to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. Currently known risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations are described throughout this Annual Report, including in “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” We urge you to carefully review that section for a more complete discussion of the risks of an investment in our securities. 3 PART I ITEM 1—BUSINESS Overview Wabash National Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Wabash,” “Wabash National,” “the Company,” “us,” “we,” or “our”) was founded in 1985 as a start-up company in Lafayette, Indiana. We are now a diversified industrial manufacturer and North America’s leading producer of semi-trailers and liquid transportation systems. We design, manufacture and market a diverse range of products, including dry freight and refrigerated trailers, platform trailers, bulk tank trailers, dry and refrigerated truck bodies, truck-mounted tanks, intermodal equipment, aircraft refueling equipment, structural composite panels and products, trailer aerodynamic solutions, and specialty food grade and pharmaceutical equipment. We have achieved this diversification through acquisitions and product innovation. We continue to search for acquisitions that will increase margins, enhance business stability, reduce cyclicality, and provide operational synergies. We believe our position as a leader in our key industries is the result of longstanding relationships with our core customers, our demonstrated ability to attract new customers, our broad and innovative product lines, our technological leadership, and our extensive distribution and service network. Our management team is focused on continuing to optimize operations to match the current demand environment, implementing cost savings initiatives and lean manufacturing techniques, strengthening our capital structure, developing innovative products that enable our customers to succeed, improving earnings and continuing diversification of the business into higher margin opportunities that leverage our intellectual and process capabilities. Wabash was incorporated in Delaware in 1991 and is the successor by merger to a Maryland corporation organized in 1985. Our internet website is www.wabashnational.com. We make our electronic filings with the Securities Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports available on our website free of charge as soon as practicable after we file them with or furnish them to the SEC. Information on the website is not part of this Annual Report. We are listed on the NYSE as “WNC”. Operating Segments During the second quarter of 2016, in an effort to strengthen the alignment between our manufacturing businesses and our retail sales and service operations, improve profitability and capitalize on growth opportunities, we realigned our reporting segments into two segments, Commercial Trailer Products and Diversified Products. As a result of the realignment, the businesses previously operating within our former retail segment are now included in one of these two segments. Certain corporate-related administrative costs, interest and income taxes are not allocated to these two segments, but are reported in our Corporate and Eliminations segment. Financial results by operating segment, including information about revenues from customers, measures of profit and loss, and financial information regarding geographic areas and export sales are discussed in Note 12, Segments and Related Information, of the accompanying consolidated financial statements. By operating segment, net sales, prior to the elimination of intersegment sales, were as follows (dollars in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Sales by Segment Commercial Trailer Products Diversified Products Group Corporate and Eliminations Total Commercial Trailer Products $ $ 1,506,110 352,404 (13,070) 1,845,444 1,582,240 $ 456,927 (11,679) $ 2,027,489 1,380,623 $ 494,992 (12,300) $ 1,863,315 Commercial Trailer Products segment sales as a percentage of our consolidated net sales and gross margin measured prior to intersegment eliminations were: 4 Percentage of net sales Percentage of gross profit Year Ended December 31, 2015 77.6 64.9 % % 2016 81.0 77.0 % % 2014 73.6 51.4 % % The Commercial Trailer Products segment manufactures standard and customized van and platform trailers, truck bodies and other transportation related equipment to customers who purchase directly from us, through independent dealers or our Company owned branch locations through which we offer additional service and support. We seek to identify and produce proprietary custom products that offer exceptional value to customers with the potential to generate higher profit margin than standardized products. We believe that we have the engineering and manufacturing capability to produce these products efficiently. We introduced our proprietary composite product, DuraPlate(cid:3), in 1996 and have experienced widespread truck trailer industry acceptance. Since 2002, sales of our DuraPlate(cid:3) trailers have represented approximately 95% of our total new dry van trailer sales. We are a significant producer of refrigerated trailer products as well as other specialty products, including converter dollies. In 2015, we introduced a line of refrigerated and dry freight truck bodies for Class 6, 7, and 8 chassis. The truck body product leverages our fleet proven DuraPlate(cid:3) technology utilized in dry van trailers and also includes the introduction of a revoluntionary proprietary molded structural composite panel designed to reduce weight and improve thermal efficiency in refrigerated truck body applications. Through our Transcraft subsidiary we manufacture steel and aluminum flatbed and dropdeck trailers. Our Commercial Trailer Products segment also operates a wood flooring production facility that manufactures laminated hard wood oak flooring products for our van trailer products, as well as a retail branch network which offers the sale of new and used trailers, aftermarket parts, and service. Commercial Trailer Products’ transportation equipment is marketed under the Wabash(cid:3), DuraPlate(cid:3), DuraPlateHD(cid:3), DuraPlate(cid:3) XD-35®, ArcticLite®, RoadRailer®, Transcraft® and Benson® trademarks directly to customers, through independent dealers and through our Company-owned retail branch network. Historically, we have focused on our longstanding core customers, which represent many of the largest companies in the trucking industry, but we have expanded this focus over the past several years to include numerous additional key accounts. Our relationships with our core customers have been central to our growth since inception. We have also actively pursued the diversification of our customer base through our network of independent dealers. For our van business we utilize a total of 27 independent dealers with approximately 68 locations throughout North America to market and distribute our trailers. We distribute our flatbed and dropdeck trailers through a network of 74 independent dealers with approximately 120 locations throughout North America. In addition, we maintain a used fleet sales center to focus on selling both large and small fleet trade packages to the wholesale market. Diversified Products Diversified Products segment sales as a percentage of our consolidated net sales and gross profit margin measured prior to intersegment eliminations were: Percentage of net sales Percentage of gross profit Year Ended December 31, 2015 22.4 35.1 % % 2016 19.0 23.0 % % 2014 26.4 48.6 % % The Diversified Products segment is comprised of four strategic business units: Tank Trailer, Aviation & Truck Equipment, Process Systems and Composites. The Tank Trailer business sells products through several brands including Walker Transport, Brenner® Tank, Bulk International and Beall® Trailers. These brands represent leading positions in liquid transportation systems and include a full line of stainless steel and aluminum tank trailers for the North American chemical, dairy, food and beverage, and petroleum and energy services markets. Our Process Systems business include brands such as Walker® Engineered Products and Extract Technology® and represent what we estimate to be leading positions in isolators, stationary silos and downflow booths around the world for the chemical, dairy, food and beverage, pharmaceutical and nuclear markets. The Aviation & Truck Equipment business is a leading manufacturer of truck-mounted tanks used in the aviation, refined fuel, heating oil, propane and liquid waste industries with products offered under the Garsite and Progress Tank brands. Our Composites business includes offerings under our DuraPlate® composite panel technology, which contains unique properties of strength and durability that can be utilized in numerous applications in addition to truck trailers and 5 truck bodies. The Diversified Products segment has leveraged our DuraPlate® panel technology to develop numerous proprietary products, including the DuraPlate® AeroSkirt®, an aerodynamic solution for over-the-road trailers that provides approximately 6% improvement in fuel economy, as well as a line of foldable portable storage containers. Drawing on its experience with DuraPlate® and trailer aerodynamics, the Composites business has developed a full line of aerodynamic solutions designed to improve overall trailer aerodynamics and fuel economy, most notably the AeroSkirt CX™, Ventix DRSTM and AeroFinTM. In addition, we utilize our DuraPlate® technology in the production of truck bodies, overhead doors and other industrial applications. These DuraPlate® composite products are sold to original equipment manufacturers and aftermarket customers. The Diversified Products segment focuses on our commitment to expand our customer base, diversify our product offerings, end markets and revenues, and extend our market leadership by leveraging our intellectual property and technology, including our proprietary DuraPlate® panel technology, drawing on our core manufacturing expertise and making available products that are complementary to the truck and tank trailers and transportation equipment we offer. This segment includes a wide array of products and customer-specific solutions. Leveraging our intellectual property and technology and core manufacturing expertise into new applications and market sectors enables us to deliver greater value to our customers and shareholders. Through these brands and product offerings, our Diversified Products segment now serves a variety of end markets, a number of which we believe are less cyclical than the markets served by our Commercial Trailer Products segment. We expect to continue to focus on diversifying our Diversified Products segment to enhance our business model, strengthen our revenues and become a more diverse company that can deliver greater value to our shareholders. Strategy In addition to our commitment to long-term profitable growth within each of our reporting segments, our strategic initiatives include a focus on diversification efforts, both organic and strategic, to further transform Wabash into a diversified industrial manufacturer with a higher growth and margin profile and successfully deliver a greater value to our shareholders. Organically, our focus is on profitably growing and diversifying our operations by leveraging our existing assets, capabilities, and technology into higher margin products and markets and thereby providing value-added customer solutions. Strategically, we continue to focus on our transition into a more diversified industrial manufacturer, profitably growing and further broadening the product portfolio we offer, the customers and end markets we serve and strengthening our geographic presence. Future acquisitions may further provide us the opportunity to move forward on this strategic initiative and our long-term plan to become a more diversified industrial manufacturer. Our most recent acquisitions have enabled us to recognize top-line growth, improved profitability, and margin expansion; provided us access to additional markets while expanding our manufacturing footprint; and allowed us to offer one of the broadest product portfolios in the trailer industry. Industry and Competition Trucking in the U.S., according to the American Trucking Association (ATA), was estimated to be a $739 billion industry in 2016, representing approximately 82% of the total U.S. transportation industry revenue. Furthermore, ATA estimates that approximately 71% of all freight tonnage in 2016 was carried by trucks. Trailer demand is a direct function of the amount of freight to be transported. ATA estimates that total freight tonnage carried by trucks will grow 24% by 2027. To meet this continued high demand for freight, truck carriers will need to replace and expand their fleets, which typically results in increased trailer orders. Transportation in the U.S., including trucking, is a cyclical industry that has experienced three cycles over the last 20 years. In each of the last three cycles the decline in freight tonnage preceded the general U.S. economic downturn by approximately two and one-half years and the recovery has generally preceded that of the economy as a whole. The trailer industry generally follows the transportation industry, experiencing cycles in the early and late 90’s lasting approximately 58 and 67 months, respectively. Truck freight tonnage, according to ATA statistics, started declining year-over-year in 2006 and remained at depressed levels through 2009. The most recent cycle concluded in 2009, lasting a total of 89 months. After three consecutive years with total trailer demand well below normal replacement demand levels estimated to be approximately 220,000 trailers, the period ending December 2016 demonstrated five consecutive years of healthy demand in which the total trailer shipments of approximately 232,000, 234,000, 269,000, 308,000, and 287,000 for the years ended 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. In our view, we expect to see continued strong demand for new trailer equipment as the economic and 6 industry specific indicators we track, including ATA’s truck tonnage index, employment growth, housing and auto sectors, as well as the overall gross domestic product, appear to be trending in a positive direction. Wabash, Great Dane, Utility and Hyundai Translead, are generally viewed as the top trailer manufacturers in the U.S. by volume. Our share of U.S. total trailer shipments in 2016 was approximately 21%. Trailer manufacturers compete primarily through the quality of their products, customer relationships, innovative technology, and price. We have seen others in the industry also pursue the development and use of composite sidewalls that compete directly with our DuraPlate(cid:3) products. Our product development is focused on maintaining a leading position with respect to these products and on development of new products and markets, leveraging our proprietary DuraPlate® product, as well as our expertise in the engineering and design of customized products. The table below sets forth new trailer production for Wabash and, as provided by Trailer Body Builders Magazine, the principal producers within North America. The data represents all segments of the industry, except containers and chassis. For the years included below, we have participated primarily in the van, platform, and tank trailer segments. Van trailer demand, the largest segment within the trailer industry, has recovered from a low of approximately 52,000 trailers in 2009 to an estimated 226,000 van trailers in 2016. 2016 2015 2014 2013 Wabash Hyundai Translead Great Dane Utility Stoughton Other principal producers Total Industry (1) Data revised by publisher in a subsequent year. (2) The 2012 production includes Walker volumes on a full-year pro forma basis. 63,000 43,000 52,000 49,000 15,000 80,000 302,000 60,000 49,000 48,000 46,000 16,000 64,000 283,000 56,000 34,000 48,000 41,000 13,000 37,000 265,000 46,000 27,000 44,000 39,000 12,000 31,000 232,000(1) 2012 45,000(2) 23,000 44,000 38,000 11,000 33,000 227,000 Our Diversified Products segment, in most cases, participates in markets different than our traditional van and platform trailer product offerings. The end markets that our Diversified Products segment serve are broader and more diverse than the trailer industry, including environmental, pharmaceutical, biotech, oil and gas, moving and storage, and specialty vehicle markets. In addition, our diversification efforts pertain to new and emerging markets and many of the products are driven by regulatory requirements or, in most cases, customer-specific needs. However, some of our diversification efforts are considered to be in the early growth stages and future success is largely dependent on continued customer adoption of our product solutions and general expansion of our customer base and distribution channels. Competitive Strengths We believe our core competitive strengths include: (cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:4) Long-Term Core Customer Relationships – We are the leading provider of trailers to a significant number of top tier trucking companies, generating a revenue base that has helped to sustain us as one of the market leaders. Our van products are preferred by many of the industry’s leading carriers. We are also a leading provider of liquid-transportation systems and engineered products and we have a strong customer base, consisting of mostly private fleets, and have earned a leading market position across many of the markets we serve. (cid:2)(cid:4) Innovative Product Offerings – Our DuraPlate(cid:3) proprietary technology offers what we believe to be a superior trailer, which customers value. A DuraPlate(cid:3) trailer is a composite plate trailer using material that contains a high-density polyethylene core bonded between high-strength steel skins. We believe that the competitive advantages of our DuraPlate(cid:3) trailers compared to standard trailers include providing a lower total cost of ownership through the following: - Extended Service Life – operate three to five years longer; - Lower Operating and Maintenance Costs – greater durability and performance; - Less Downtime – higher utilization for fleets; 7 - Extended Warranty – warranty period for DuraPlate(cid:3) panels is ten years; and - Improved Resale Value – higher trade-in and resale values. We have been manufacturing DuraPlate(cid:3) trailers for over 21 years and through December 2016 have sold approximately 650,000 DuraPlate® trailers. We believe that this proven experience, combined with ownership and knowledge of the DuraPlate(cid:3) panel technology, will help ensure continued industry leadership in the future. We continue to introduce new innovations in our DuraPlate® line of products, including DuraPlateHD® and DuraPlate XD-35®, along with new innovations in other product lines, including our ArcticLite® refrigerated trailers and Lean Duplex tank trailers. (cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:4) Significant Market Share and Brand Recognition – We have been one of the three largest manufacturers of trailers in North America since 1994, with one of the most widely recognized brands in the industry. We are currently the largest producer of van trailers in North America and, according to data published by Trailer Body Builders Magazine, our Transcraft subsidiary is one of the leading producers of platform trailers(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:4)We are also the largest manufacturer of liquid stainless steel and aluminum tank trailers in North America through our Walker Transport, Brenner® Tank, Bulk International and Beall® brands. We participate broadly in the transportation industry through both of our business segments. As a percentage of our consolidated net sales, new trailer sales for our dry and refrigerated vans, platforms and tanks represented approximately 84% in 2016. (cid:2)(cid:4) Committed Focus on Operational Excellence – Safety, quality, on-time delivery, productivity and cost reduction are the core elements of our program of continuous improvement. We currently maintain an ISO 14001 registration of the Environmental Management System at our Lafayette, Indiana; Cadiz, Kentucky; San Jose Iturbide, Mexico; Frankfort, Indiana; and Harrison, Arkansas facilities. In addition, we have achieved ISO 9001 registration of the Quality Management Systems at our Lafayette, Indiana and Cadiz, Kentucky facilities. (cid:2)(cid:4) Technology – We continue to be recognized by the trucking industry as a leader in developing technology to provide value-added solutions for our customers that reduce trailer operating costs, improve revenue opportunities, and solve unique transportation problems. Throughout our history, we have been and we expect we will continue to be a leading innovator in the design and production of trailers and related products. Recent new trailer introductions and value-added options include the introduction of the Cold Chain Series Refrigerated Truck Body with a molded structural composite technology, offering advanced thermal and operational performance; Lean Duplex tank trailer, a stainless steel option that reduces weight while providing enhanced performance characteristics over typical chemical tank trailers; Trustlock Plus®, a proprietary single-lock rear door mechanism; a combination ID/Stop light, a dual-function rear ID light that also actuates as a brake indicator; MaxClearenceTM Overhead Door System, a vertical door that provides an opening that would be comparable to that of swing door models; and the DuraPlate® AeroSkirt®, Ventix DRSTM, AeroFinTM and AeroSkirt CXTM, durable aerodynamic solutions that, based on verified laboratory and track testing, provides improved fuel efficiencies of 9% or greater when used in specific combinations. In addition to the introduction of new trailer product innovations made through our DuraPlate® family over the past 21 years, we have also focused on a customer-centered approach in developing product enhancements for other industries we serve. Some of the more recent innovations include: the development of mobile clean rooms, or self-contained laboratories, which are configured to provide isolation and containment solutions into a rapidly deployable and flexible manufacturing facility for pharmaceutical and other technology applications; the development of a Refined Fuel truck with integrated Auxiliary Power Unit designed to improve fuel efficiency and prolong the useful operating life of fuel delivery vehicles; introduction of advanced materials to remove over 300 pounds from the standard Dry Van; introduction of RIG-16 offset rear under ride guard, and the introduction of the Truck Body line leveraging our fleet-proven DuraPlate® technology for dry truck bodies as well as the introduction of a revolutionary proprietary composite designed to improve weight and thermal efficiency in refrigerated truck body applications. Our new molded structural composite was recognized by Heavy Duty Trucking Magazine as a “Top 20 Product of 2016,” a recognition that is awarded for demonstrated innovation, significance to the industry, and the potential to improve profitability of trucking operations. 8 (cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:4) Corporate Culture – We benefit from an experienced, value-driven management team and dedicated workforce focused on operational excellence. Safety of our associates is our number one value and highest priority. (cid:2)(cid:4) Extensive Distribution Network – We utilize a network of 27 independent dealers with approximately 68 locations throughout North America to distribute our van trailers, and our Transcraft distribution network consists of 74 independent dealers with approximately 120 locations throughout North America. Our tank trailers are distributed through a network of 52 independent dealers with 53 locations throughout North America. Regulation Truck trailer length, height, width, maximum weight capacity and other specifications are regulated by individual states. The federal government also regulates certain safety and environmental sustainability features incorporated in the design and use of truck and tank trailers. These regulations include, requirements to install Electronic Logging Devices, the use of aerodynamic devices and fuel saving technologies, as well as operator restrictions as to hours of service and minimum driver safety standards (see the section on “Industry Trends” in Item 7 for more details on these regulations). In addition, most tank trailers we manufacture have specific federal regulations and restrictions that dictate tank design, material type and thickness. Manufacturing operations are subject to environmental laws enforced by federal, state and local agencies (see "Environmental Matters"). Products Since our inception, we have expanded our product offerings from a single truck trailer dry van product to a broad range of transportation equipment and diversified industrial products. Wabash National manages a diverse product portfolio, maintains long-standing customer relationships, and a focuses on innovative and breakthrough technologies within two operating segments. Commercial Trailer Products segment sales represented approximately 81%, 78% and 74% of our consolidated net sales in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Our current Commercial Trailer Products segment primarily includes the following products: (cid:2) Dry Van Trailers. The dry van market represents our largest product line and includes trailers sold under DuraPlate(cid:3), DuraPlateHD(cid:3), and DuraPlate® XD-35® trademarks. Our DuraPlate® trailers utilize a proprietary technology that consists of a composite plate wall for increased durability and greater strength. (cid:2) Platform Trailers. Platform trailers are sold under the Transcraft® and Benson® trademarks. Platform trailers consist of a trailer chassis with a flat or “drop” loading deck without permanent sides or a roof. These trailers are primarily utilized to haul steel coils, construction materials and large equipment. In addition to our all steel and combination steel and aluminum platform trailers, we also offer a premium all-aluminum platform trailer. (cid:2) Refrigerated Trailers. Refrigerated trailers provide thermal efficiency, maximum payload capacity, and superior damage resistance. Our refrigerated trailers are sold under the ArcticLite® trademark and use our proprietary SolarGuard® technology, coupled with our foaming process, which we believe enables customers to achieve lower costs through reduced operating hours of refrigeration equipment and therefore reduced fuel consumption. In 2016, Wabash introduced a proprietary molded structural composite with thermal technology, which based on our testing provides improved thermal performance for refrigerated trailers by up to 25% and is up to 20% lighter than standard refrigerated trailers while still maintaining strength and durability. (cid:2) Truck Bodies. Introduced in 2015, Wabash National’s engineers have combined fleet-proven equipment designs and advanced materials to create a line of high performance refrigerated and dry freight truck bodies for Class 6, 7, and 8 chassis. The truck body product leverages our fleet-proven DuraPlate® technology utilized in dry van trailers and also includes the introduction of a revolutionary proprietary molded structural composite designed to improve weight and thermal efficiency in refrigerated truck body applications. 9 (cid:2) Specialty Trailers. These products include a wide array of specialty equipment and services generally focused on products that require a higher degree of customer specifications and requirements. These specialty products include converter dollies, Big Tire Hauler, Steel Coil Hauler and RoadRailer® trailers. (cid:2) Aftermarket Parts and Service. Aftermarket component products are manufactured to provide continued support to our customers throughout the life cycle of the trailer. Aurora Parts & Accessories, LLC is the exclusive supplier of the aftermarket component products for the company’s dry van, refrigerated and platform trailers. Utilizing our branch locations and onsite service centers, we provide a wide array of quality aftermarket parts and services to our customers. Additionally, rail components are sold to provide continued support of the Road Railer® product line as well as to expand our offerings in the rail markets. (cid:2) Used Trailers. This includes the sale of used trailers through our used fleet sales center to facilitate new trailer sales with a focus on selling both large and small fleet trade packages to the wholesale market as well as through our branch network to enable us to remarket and promote new trailer sales. (cid:2) Wood Products. We manufacture laminated hardwood oak flooring used primarily in our dry van trailer segment at our manufacturing operations located in Harrison, Arkansas. Diversified Products segment sales represented approximately 19%, 22% and 26% of our consolidated net sales in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Our current Diversified Products segment primarily includes the following products: (cid:2) Tank Trailers. Tank Trailers currently has several principal brands dedicated to transportation products including Walker Transport, Brenner® Tank, Bulk Tank International, and Beall® Trailers. Equipment sold under these brands include stainless steel and aluminum liquid and dry bulk tank trailers and other transport solutions for the dairy, food and beverage, chemical, environmental, petroleum and refined fuel industries. We also provide parts and maintenance and repair services for tank trailers and other related equipment through our six Brenner Tank Service centers. - Walker Transport – Founded as the original Walker business in 1943, the Walker Transport brand includes stainless steel tank trailers for the dairy, food and beverage end markets. - Brenner® Tank – Founded in 1900, Brenner® Tank manufactures stainless steel and aluminum tank trailers, dry bulk trailers, and fiberglass reinforced poly tank trailers, as well as vacuum tank trailers and carbon steel frac tanks for the oil and gas, chemical, energy and environmental services end markets. - Bulk Tank International – Manufactures stainless steel tank trailers for the oil and gas and chemical end markets. - Beall® Trailers – With tank trailer production dating to 1928, the Beall® brand includes aluminum tank trailers and related tank trailer equipment for the dry bulk and petroleum end markets. (cid:2) Process Systems. Process Systems currently sells products under the Walker Engineered Products and Extract Technology® brands and specializes in the design and production of a broad range of products including: a portfolio of products for storage, mixing and blending, including process vessels, as well as round horizontal and vertical storage silo tanks; containment and isolation systems for the pharmaceutical, chemical, and nuclear industries, including custom designed turnkey systems and spare components for full service and maintenance contracts; containment systems for the pharmaceutical, chemical and biotech markets; and mobile water storage tanks used in the oil and gas industry to pump high-pressure water into underground wells. - Walker Engineered Products – Since the 1960s, Walker has marketed stainless steel storage tanks and silos, mixers, and processors for the dairy, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, chemical, craft brewing, and biotech end markets under the Walker Engineered Products brand. 10 - Extract Technology® – Since 1981, the Extract Technology® brand has included stainless steel isolators and downflow booths, as well as custom-fabricated equipment, including workstations and drum booths for the pharmaceutical, fine chemical, biotech and nuclear end markets. (cid:2) Aviation & Truck Equipment. Aviation & Truck Equipment currently sells products under the Progress Tank and Garsite brands, which are dedicated to serving aircraft refuelers and hydrant dispensers for in-to-plane fueling companies, airlines, freight distribution companies and fuel marketers around the globe; military grade refueling and water tankers for applications and environments required by the military; truck mounted tanks for fuel delivery; and vacuum tankers. - Progress Tank – Since 1920, the Progress Tank brand has included aluminum and stainless steel truck-mounted tanks for the oil and gas and environmental end markets. - Garsite – Founded in 1952, Garsite is a value-added assembler of aircraft refuelers, hydrant dispensers, and above-ground fuel storage tanks for the aviation end market. (cid:2) Composites. Our composite products expand the use of DuraPlate® composite panels, already a proven product in the semi-trailer market for over 20 years. Other composite product offerings include truck bodies, overhead doors, foldable portable storage containers and other industrial applications. We continue to develop new products and actively explore markets that can benefit from the proven performance of our proprietary technology. In 2016, we entered into a partnership with EconCore N.V. to manufacture and sell their patented honeycomb core production technology in the containment and transportation industries. In 2015 we introduced three solutions designed to significantly improve trailer aerodynamics and fuel economy featuring a trailer drag reduction system to manage airflow across the entire length of trailer, or Ventix DRSTM, an aerodynamic tail devised to direct airflow across the rear of the trailer, or AeroFinTM, and a new lighter version of our AeroSkirt design called AeroSkirt CXTM. We also offer our EPA Smartway®1 approved DuraPlate® AeroSkirt®. Customers Our customer base has historically included many of the nation’s largest truckload (TL) common carriers, leasing companies, private fleet carriers, less-than-truckload (LTL) common carriers and package carriers. We continue to expand our customer base and diversify into the broader trailer market through our independent dealer and company-owned retail networks, as well as through strategic acquisitions. Furthermore, we continue to diversify our products organically by expanding the use of DuraPlate® composite panel technology through products such as DuraPlate® AeroSkirts®, truck bodies, overhead doors and portable storage containers as well as strategically through our acquisitions. All of these efforts have been accomplished while maintaining our relationships with our core customers. Our five largest customers together accounted for approximately 24%, 25% and 20% of our aggregate net sales in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. No individual customer accounted for more than 10% or more of our aggregate net sales during the past three years. International sales, primarily to Canadian customers, accounted for less than 10% of net sales for each of the last three years. We have established relationships as a supplier to many large customers in the transportation industry, including the following: (cid:2) Truckload Carriers: Averitt Express, Inc.; Celadon Group, Inc.; Covenant Transportation Group, Inc; Cowan Systems, LLC; Crete Carrier Corporation; Heartland Express, Inc.; J.B Hunt Transport, Inc.; Knight Transportation, Inc.; Roehl Transport Inc.; Schneider National, Inc.; Swift Transportation Corporation; U.S. Xpress Enterprises, Inc.; and Werner Enterprises, Inc. (cid:2) Less-Than-Truckload Carriers: FedEx Corporation; Old Dominion Freight Lines, Inc.; R&L Carriers Inc.; and YRC Worldwide, Inc. (cid:2) Refrigerated Carriers: CR England, Inc.; K&B Transportation, Inc.; Prime, Inc.; and Southern Refrigerated Transport, Inc. 11 (cid:2) Leasing Companies: Penske Truck Leasing Company; Wells Fargo Equipment Finance, Inc.; Matlack Leasing; Evergreen and Xtra Lease, Inc. (cid:2) Private Fleets: C&S Wholesale Grocers, Inc.; Dollar General Corporation; and Safeway, Inc. (cid:2) Liquid Carriers: Dana Liquid Transport Corporation; Evergreen Tank Solutions LLC; Kenan Advantage Group, Inc.; Oakley Transport, Inc.; Quality Carriers, Inc.; Superior Tank, Inc.; and Trimac Transportation. Through our Diversified Products segment we also sell our products to several other customers including: Atlantic Aviation; GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited; W.M. Sprinkman; Dairy Farmers of America; Southwest Airlines Company; Navistar International Corporation; Nestlé; Matlack Leasing LLC; Wabash Manufacturing, Inc. (an unaffiliated company); Morgan Corporation; Supreme Corporation; and Spartan Motors, Inc. Marketing and Distribution We market and distribute our products through the following channels: (cid:2) Factory direct accounts; (cid:2) Company-owned distribution network; and (cid:2) Independent dealerships. Factory direct accounts are generally large fleets, with over 7,500 trailers, that are high volume purchasers. Historically, we have focused on the factory direct market in which customers are highly knowledgeable of the life- cycle costs of trailer equipment and, therefore, are best equipped to appreciate the innovative design and value- added features of our products, as well as the value proposition for lower total cost of ownership over the lifecycle of our products. Our Company-owned distribution network generates sales of trailers to smaller fleets and independent operators located in geographic regions where our branches are located. This branch network enables us to provide maintenance and other services to customers. We also sell our van trailers through a network of 27 independent dealers with approximately 68 locations throughout North America. Our platform trailers are sold through 74 independent dealers with approximately 120 locations throughout North America. Our tank trailers are distributed through a network of 52 independent dealers with 53 locations throughout North America. The dealers primarily serve mid-market and smaller sized carriers and private fleets in the geographic region where the dealer is located and occasionally may sell to large fleets. The dealers may also perform service and warranty work for our customers. Raw Materials We utilize a variety of raw materials and components including, specialty steel coil, stainless steel, plastic, aluminum, lumber, tires, landing gear, axles and suspensions, which we purchase from a limited number of suppliers. Costs of raw materials and component parts represented approximately 59%, 63% and 65% of our consolidated net sales in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Raw material costs as a percentage of our consolidated net sales realized throughout 2016 are down compared to recent years, as we have experienced declines in specific raw material costs during the year. Significant price fluctuations or shortages in raw materials or finished components used in our products have had, and could have further, adverse effects on our results of operations. In 2017 and for the foreseeable future, we expect that the raw materials used in the greatest quantity will be steel, aluminum, plastic and wood. We will endeavor to pass along any raw material and component cost increases. We hedge certain commodities that have the potential to significantly impact our operations in order to offset the negative impact of raw material price fluctuations and to protect our margins on firm customer orders. 12 Backlog Orders that have been confirmed by customers in writing, have defined delivery timeframes and can be produced during the next 18 months are included in our backlog. Orders that comprise our backlog may be subject to changes in quantities, delivery, specifications, terms or cancellation. Our backlog of orders at December 31, 2016 and 2015 was approximately $802 million and $1,210 million, respectively, and we expect to complete the majority of our backlog orders as of December 31, 2016 within 12 months of this date. Patents and Intellectual Property We hold or have applied for 124 patents in the U.S. on various design elements, components, and techniques utilized in our manufacture of transportation equipment and engineered products. In addition, we hold or have applied for 153 patents in foreign countries. Our patents are intellectual property related to the manufacture of trailers, containers, and aerodynamic- related products using our proprietary DuraPlate® product, truck body, trailer, and aerodynamic-related products utilizing other composite materials, our containment and isolation systems, and other engineered products – all of which we believe offer us a significant competitive advantage in the markets in which we compete. Our DuraPlate® patent portfolio includes several patents and pending patent applications, which cover not only utilization of our DuraPlate® product in the manufacture of trailers, but also cover a number of aerodynamic- related products aimed at increasing the fuel efficiency of trailers. U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications in our DuraPlate® patent portfolio have expiration dates ranging from 2017 to 2036. Certain U.S. patents relating to the combined use of DuraPlate® panels and logistics systems within the sidewalls of our dry van trailers will not expire until 2027 or after; several other issued U.S. patents and pending patent applications relating to the use of DuraPlate® panels, or other composite materials, within aerodynamic-related products as well as modular storage and shipping containers will not begin to expire until after 2030. Additionally, we also believe that our proprietary DuraPlate® production process, which has been developed and refined since 1995, offers us a significant competitive advantage in the industry – above and beyond the benefits provided by any patent protection concerning the use and/or design of our DuraPlate® products. While unpatented, we believe the proprietary knowledge of this process and the significant intellectual and capital hurdles in creating a similar production process provide us with an advantage over others in the industry who utilize composite sandwich panel technology. Our intellectual property portfolio further includes a number of patent applications related to the manufacture of truck bodies and trailers using polymer composite component parts. These patent applications cover the polymer composite component structure and method of manufacturing the same. We believe the intellectual property related to this emerging use of polymer composite technology in our industry will offer us a significant market advantage to create proprietary products exploiting this technology. Additionally, our intellectual property portfolio includes patent applications related to the rear impact guard (RIG) of a trailer. These patent applications include new RIG designs which surpass the current and proposed federal regulatory RIG standards for the U.S. and Canada. In addition, our intellectual property portfolio includes patents and patent applications covering many of our engineered products, including our containment and isolation systems, as well as many trailer industry components. These products have become highly desirable and are recognized for their innovation in the markets we serve. The engineered products patents and patent applications relate to our industry leading isolation systems, sold under the Extract Technologies® brand name. These patents will not begin to expire until 2021. The patents and patent applications relating to our proprietary trailer-industry componentry include, for example, those covering the Trust Lock Plus® door locking mechanism, the Max Clearance® Overhead Door System, which provides additional overhead clearance when an overhead-style rear door is in the opened position that would be comparable to that of swing-door models, the use of bonded intermediate logistics strips, the bonded D-ring hold-down device, bonded skylights, and the DuraPlate® arched roof. The patents covering these products will not expire before 2029. Further, another patented product sold by the Diversified Products segment includes the ShakerTank® trailer, a vibrating bulk tank trailer used in transporting viscous materials, whose patents will not expire before 2026. We believe all of these proprietary products offer us a competitive market advantage in the markets in which we compete. 13 We also hold or have applied for 43 trademarks in the U.S. as well as 63 trademarks in foreign countries. These trademarks include the Wabash®, Wabash National®, Transcraft®, Benson®, Extract Technology®, Beall® and Brenner® brand names as well as trademarks associated with our proprietary products such as DuraPlate®, RoadRailer®, Transcraft Eagle®, and Arctic Lite®. Additionally, we utilize several tradenames that are each well- recognized in their industries, including Walker Transport, Walker Stainless Equipment, Walker Engineered Products, Garsite, Bulk Tank International and Progress Tank. Our trademarks associated with additional proprietary products include MaxClearance® Overhead Door System, Trust Lock Plus®, EZ-7®, DuraPlate Aeroskirt®, Aeroskirt CX®, DuraPlate XD-35®, DuraPlate HD®, SolarGuard®, VentixDRS®, AeroFin®, AeroFin XL™ and EZ-Adjust®. We believe these trademarks are important for the identification of our products and the associated customer goodwill; however, our business is not materially dependent on such trademarks. Research and Development Research and development expenses are charged to earnings as incurred and were $6.4 million, $4.8 million and $1.7 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Environmental Matters Our facilities are subject to various environmental laws and regulations, including those relating to air emissions, wastewater discharges, the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes and occupational safety and health. Our operations and facilities have been, and in the future may become, the subject of enforcement actions or proceedings for non-compliance with such laws or for remediation of company-related releases of substances into the environment. Resolution of such matters with regulators can result in commitments to compliance abatement or remediation programs and, in some cases, the payment of penalties (see Item 3 “Legal Proceedings”). We believe that our facilities are in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations. Our facilities have incurred, and will continue to incur, capital and operating expenditures and other costs in complying with these laws and regulations. However, we currently do not anticipate that the future costs of environmental compliance will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Employees As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had approximately 5,100 and 5,300 full-time employees, respectively. Throughout 2016, essentially all of our active employees were non-union. Our temporary employees represented approximately 14% of our overall production workforce as of December 31, 2016 as compared to approximately 17% at the end of the prior year. We place a strong emphasis on maintaining good employee relations and development through competitive compensation and related benefits, a safe work environment and promoting educational programs and quality improvement teams. Executive Officers of Wabash National Corporation The following are the executive officers of the Company: Name Richard J. Giromini Brent L. Yeagy William D. Pitchford Erin J. Roth Jeffery L. Taylor Mark J. Weber Age 63 46 62 41 51 45 Position Chief Executive Officer, Director President and Chief Operating Officer, Director Senior Vice President – Human Resources and Assistant Secretary Senior Vice President – General Counsel and Secretary Senior Vice President – Chief Financial Officer Senior Vice President – Group President, Diversified Products Group Richard J. Giromini. Mr. Giromini has served as our Chief Executive Officer since January 2007, while also serving as our President until October 2016. Previously, Mr. Giromini served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from February 2005 until December 2005 when he was appointed President and a Director of the Company. Mr. Giromini joined the Company in July 2002, as Senior Vice President - Chief Operating Officer. Earlier experience includes 26 years in the transportation industry, having begun his career with 14 General Motors Corporation (1976 – 1985), serving in a variety of positions of increasing responsibility within the Tier 1 automotive sector, most recently with Accuride Corporation (Senior Vice President and General Manager), AKW LP (President and CEO), and ITT Automotive (Director of Manufacturing). Mr. Giromini holds a Master of Science degree in Industrial Management and a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, both from Clarkson University. He is also a graduate of the Advanced Management Program at the Duke University Fuqua School of Management. Brent L. Yeagy. Mr. Yeagy has served as our President and Chief Operating Officer, and a Director of the Company since October 2016. He had been Senior Vice President – Group President of Commercial Trailer Products Group from June 2013 to October 2016. Previously, he served as Vice President and General Manager for the Commercial Trailer Products Group from 2010 to 2013. Mr. Yeagy has held numerous operations related roles since joining Wabash National in February 2003. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Yeagy held various roles within Human Resources, Environmental Engineering and Safety Management for Delco Remy International from July 1999 through February 2003. Mr. Yeagy served in various Plant Engineering roles at Rexnord Corporation from December 1995 through July 1997. Mr. Yeagy is a veteran of the United States Navy, serving from 1991 to 1994. He received his Masters of Business Administration from Anderson University and his Master and Bachelor degrees in Science from Purdue University. He is also a graduate of the University of Michigan, Ross School of Business Program in Executive Management and the Stanford Executive Program. William D. Pitchford. Mr. Pitchford was promoted to Senior Vice President – Human Resources and Assistant Secretary in June 2013. He joined the Company in December 2011 as Vice President – Human Resources with an extensive Human Resource background including executive leadership, talent management, training and development, labor relations, employee engagement, compensation design and organizational development. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Pitchford served as Vice President - Human Resources for Rio Tinto Alcan Corporation in Chicago, Illinois, from January 2009 to December 2010 and was with Ford Motor Company for more than 30 years where he held a variety of key leadership positions including Human Resources Director, Labor Relations Director and Senior Human Resources Manager. Mr. Pitchford holds a Master of Arts degree in Human Resources from Central Michigan University and a Bachelor of Science degree from Indiana State University. Erin J. Roth. Ms. Roth has served as the Company’s Senior Vice President – General Counsel and Secretary since January 2011. Prior to her promotion, she served as Vice President – General Counsel and Secretary, beginning in March 2010, after first joining the Company in March 2007 as Corporate Counsel. Immediately prior to joining the Company, Ms. Roth was engaged in the private practice of law with Barnes & Thornburg, LLP, representing a number of private and public companies throughout the U.S. Ms. Roth holds a Juris Doctorate from the Georgetown University Law Center and a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from Butler University. Jeffery L. Taylor. Mr. Taylor was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in January 2014. Mr. Taylor joined the company in July 2012 as Vice President of Finance and Investor Relations and was promoted to Vice President – Acting Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer in June 2013. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Taylor was with King Pharmaceuticals, Inc. from May 2006 to July 2011 as Vice President, Finance – Technical Operations, and with Eastman Chemical Company from June 1997 to May 2006 where he served in various positions of increasing responsibility within finance, accounting, investor relations and business management, including its Global Business Controller – Coatings, Adhesives, Specialty Polymers & Inks. Mr. Taylor earned his Masters of Business Administration from the University of Texas at Austin and his Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from Arizona State University. Mark J. Weber. Mr. Weber was appointed to Senior Vice President - Group President of Diversified Products Group in June 2013. Mr. Weber joined the Company in August 2005 as Director of Internal Audit, was promoted in February 2007 to Director of Finance, and in November 2007 to Vice President and Corporate Controller. In August 2009 Mr. Weber was then appointed to the position of Senior Vice President – Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Weber was with Great Lakes Chemical Corporation from October 1995 through August 2005 where he served in several positions of increasing responsibility within accounting and finance, including Vice President of Finance. Mr. Weber earned his Masters of Business Administration and Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Purdue University’s Krannert School of Management. 15 ITEM 1A—RISK FACTORS You should carefully consider the risks described below in addition to other information contained or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report before investing in our securities. Realization of any of the following risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. Risks Related to Our Business, Strategy and Operations Our business is highly cyclical, which has had, and could have further, adverse effects on our sales and results of operations. The truck trailer manufacturing industry historically has been and is expected to continue to be cyclical, as well as affected by overall economic conditions. Customers historically have replaced trailers in cycles that run from five to 12 years, depending on service and trailer type. Poor economic conditions can adversely affect demand for new trailers and has led to an overall aging of trailer fleets beyond a typical replacement cycle. Customers’ buying patterns can also be influenced by regulatory changes, such as federal hours-of-service rules as well as overall truck safety and federal emissions standards. The steps we have taken to diversify our product offerings through the implementation of our strategic plan do not insulate us from this cyclicality. During downturns, we operate with a lower level of backlog and have had to temporarily slow down or halt production at some or all of our facilities, including extending normal shut down periods and reducing salaried headcount levels. An economic downturn may reduce, and in the past has reduced, demand for trailers, resulting in lower sales volumes, lower prices and decreased profits or losses. Demand for new trailers is sensitive to economic conditions over which we have no control and that may adversely affect our revenues and profitability. Demand for trailers is sensitive to changes in economic conditions, including changes related to unemployment, consumer confidence, consumer income, new housing starts, industrial production, government regulations, and the availability of financing and interest rates. The status of these economic conditions periodically have an adverse effect on truck freight and the demand for and the pricing of our trailers, and have also resulted in, and could in the future result in, the inability of customers to meet their contractual terms or payment obligations, which could cause our operating revenues and profits to decline. Global economic weakness could negatively impact our operations and financial performance. While the trailer industry has recently experienced a period of strong demand levels, we cannot provide any assurances that we will be profitable in future periods or that we will be able to sustain or increase profitability in the future. Increasing our profitability will depend on several factors, including, our ability to increase our overall trailer volumes, improve our gross margins, gain continued momentum on our product diversification efforts and manage our expenses. If we are unable to sustain profitability in the future, we may not be able to meet our payment and other obligations under our outstanding debt agreements. We continue to be reliant on the credit, housing and construction-related markets in the U.S. The same general economic concerns faced by us are also faced by our customers. We believe that some of our customers are highly leveraged and have limited access to capital, and their continued existence may be reliant on liquidity from global credit markets and other sources of external financing. Lack of liquidity by our customers could impact our ability to collect amounts owed to us. While we have taken steps to address these concerns through the implementation of our strategic plan, we are not immune to the pressures being faced by our industry or the global economy, and our results of operations may decline. We may not be able to execute on our long-term strategic plan and growth initiatives, or meet our long-term financial goals. Our long-term strategic plan is intended to generate long-term value for our shareholders while delivering profitable growth through all our business segments. The long-term financial goals that we expect to achieve as a 16 result of our long-term strategic plan and organic growth initiatives are based on certain assumptions, which may prove to be incorrect. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to fully execute on our strategic plan or growth initiatives, which are subject to a variety of risks, including, our ability to: diversify the product offerings of our non-trailer businesses; leverage acquired businesses and assets to grow sales with our existing products; design and develop new products to meet the needs of our customers; increase the pricing of our products and services to offset cost increases and expand gross margins; and execute potential future acquisitions, mergers, and other business development opportunities. If we are unable to successfully execute on our strategic plan, we may experience increased competition, adverse financial consequences and a decrease in the value of our stock. Additionally, our management’s attention to the implementation of the strategic plan, which includes our efforts at diversification, may distract them from implementing our core business which may also have adverse financial consequences. Our diversification strategy may not be successfully executed, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition to our commitment to long-term profitable growth within each of our existing reporting segments, our strategic initiatives include a focus on diversification, both organic and strategic, to continue to transform Wabash into a more diversified industrial manufacturer with a higher growth and margin profile and successfully deliver a greater value to our shareholders. Organically, our focus is on profitably growing and diversifying our operations by leveraging our existing assets, capabilities, and technology into higher margin products and markets and thereby providing value-added customer solutions. Strategically, we continue to focus on becoming a more diversified industrial manufacturer, broadening the product portfolio we offer, the customers and end markets we serve and our geographic reach. Some of our existing diversification efforts are in the early growth stages and future success is largely dependent on continued customer adoption of our new product solutions and general expansion of our customer base and distribution channels. We also expect future acquisitions to form a key component of strategic diversification. Diversification through acquisitions involve identifying and executing on transactions and managing successfully the integration and growth of acquired companies and products, all of which involve significant resources and risk of failure. Diversification efforts put a strain on our administrative, operational and financial resources and make the determination of optimal resource allocation difficult. If our efforts to diversify the business organically and/or strategically do not meet the expectations we have, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We have a limited number of suppliers of raw materials and components; increases in the price of raw materials or the inability to obtain raw materials could adversely affect our results of operations. We currently rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain key components and raw materials in the manufacturing of our products, such as tires, landing gear, axles, suspensions, specialty steel coil, stainless steel, plastic, aluminum and lumber. From time to time, there have been and may in the future be shortages of supplies of raw materials or components, or our suppliers may place us on allocation, which would have an adverse impact on our ability to meet demand for our products. Shortages and allocations may result in inefficient operations and a build-up of inventory, which can negatively affect our working capital position. In addition, price volatility in commodities we purchase that impacts the pricing of raw materials could have negative impacts on our operating margins. The loss of any of our suppliers or their inability to meet our price, quality, quantity and delivery requirements could have a significant adverse impact on our results of operations. A change in our customer relationships or in the financial condition of our customers has had, and could have further, adverse effects on our business. We have longstanding relationships with a number of large customers to whom we supply our products. We do not have long-term agreements with these customers. Our success is dependent, to a significant extent, upon the continued strength of these relationships and the growth of our core customers. We often are unable to predict the level of demand for our products from these customers, or the timing of their orders. In addition, the same economic conditions that adversely affect us also often adversely affect our customers. Furthermore, we are subject to a concentration of risk as the five largest customers together accounted for approximately 24% of our aggregate net sales in 2016 and there have been customers historically who have individually accounted for greater than 10% of our aggregate net sales. The loss of a significant customer or unexpected delays in product purchases could 17 further adversely affect our business and results of operations. Significant competition in the industries in which we operate may result in our competitors offering new or better products and services or lower prices, which could result in a loss of customers and a decrease in our revenues. The industries in which we participate are highly competitive. We compete with other manufacturers of varying sizes, some of which have substantial financial resources. Trailer manufacturers compete primarily on the quality of their products, customer relationships, service availability and price. Barriers to entry in the standard truck trailer manufacturing industry are low. As a result, it is possible that additional competitors could enter the market at any time. In the recent past, manufacturing over-capacity and high leverage of some of our competitors, along with bankruptcies and financial stresses that affected the industry, contributed to significant pricing pressures. If we are unable to successfully compete with other trailer manufacturers, we could lose customers and our revenues may decline. In addition, competitive pressures in the industry may affect the market prices of our new and used equipment, which, in turn, may adversely affect our sales margins and results of operations. Our technology and products may not achieve market acceptance or competing products could gain market share, which could adversely affect our competitive position. We continue to optimize and expand our product offerings to meet our customer needs through our established brands, such as DuraPlate®, DuraPlateHD®, DuraPlate® XD-35®, DuraPlate AeroSkirt®, ArcticLite®, Transcraft®, Benson®, Walker Transport, Brenner® Tank, Garsite, Progress Tank, Bulk Tank International, and Extract Technology®. While we target product development to meet customer needs, there is no assurance that our product development efforts will be embraced and that we will meet our strategic goals, including sales projections. Companies in the truck transportation industry, a very fluid industry in which our customers primarily operate, make frequent changes to maximize their operations and profits. We have seen a number of our competitors follow our leadership in the development and use of composite sidewalls that bring them into direct competition with our DuraPlate(cid:3) products. Our product development is focused on maintaining our leadership for these products but competitive pressures may erode our market share or margins. We hold patents on various components and techniques utilized in our manufacturing of transportation equipment and engineered products with expiration dates ranging from 2017 to 2035. We continue to take steps to protect our proprietary rights in our products and the processes used to produce them. However, the steps we have taken may not be sufficient or may not be enforced by a court of law. If we are unable to protect our intellectual properties, other parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain or use our products or technology. If competitors are able to use our technology, our ability to effectively compete could be harmed. In addition, litigation related to intellectual property could result in substantial costs and efforts which may not result in a successful outcome. Our backlog may not be indicative of the level of our future revenues. Our backlog represents future production for which we have written orders from our customers that can be produced in the next 18 months. Orders that comprise our backlog may be subject to changes in quantities, delivery, specifications and terms, or cancellation. Our reported backlog may not be converted to revenue in any particular period and actual revenue from such orders may not equal our backlog. Therefore, our backlog may not be indicative of the level of our future revenues. International operations are subject to increased risks, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Our ability to manage our business and conduct operations internationally requires considerable management attention and resources and is subject to a number of risks, including the following: • • • challenges caused by distance, language and cultural differences and by doing business with foreign agencies and governments; longer payment cycles in some countries; uncertainty regarding liability for services and content; 18 • • • • • • • • credit risk and higher levels of payment fraud; currency exchange rate fluctuations and our ability to manage these fluctuations; foreign exchange controls that might prevent us from repatriating cash earned outside the U.S.; import and export requirements that may prevent us from shipping products or providing services to a particular market and may increase our operating costs; potentially adverse tax consequences; higher costs associated with doing business internationally; different expectations regarding working hours, work culture and work-related benefits; and different employee/employer relationships and the existence of workers’ councils and labor unions. Compliance with complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations that apply to international operations may increase our cost of doing business and could expose us or our employees to fines, penalties and other liabilities. These numerous and sometimes conflicting laws and regulations include import and export requirements, content requirements, trade restrictions, tax laws, environmental laws and regulations, sanctions, internal and disclosure control rules, data privacy requirements, labor relations laws, and U.S. laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and substantially equivalent local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to governmental officials and/or other foreign persons. Although we have policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that our officers, employees, contractors or agents will not violate our policies. Any violation of the laws and regulations that apply to our operations and properties could result in, among other consequences, fines, environmental and other liabilities, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, and prohibitions on our ability to offer our products and services to one or more countries and could also materially damage our reputation, our brand, our efforts to diversify our business, our ability to attract and retain employees, our business and our operating results. Disruption of our manufacturing operations would have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We manufacture our van trailer products at two facilities in Lafayette, Indiana, a flatbed trailer facility in Cadiz, Kentucky, a hardwood floor facility in Harrison, Arkansas, six liquid-transportation systems facilities in New Lisbon, Wisconsin; Fond du Lac, Wisconsin; Kansas City, Kansas; Portland, Oregon; and Queretaro, Mexico, three engineered products facilities in New Lisbon, Wisconsin; Elroy, Wisconsin; Huddersfield, United Kingdom and produce DuraPlate® products at facilities in Lafayette, Indiana and Frankfort, Indiana. An unexpected disruption in our production at any of these facilities for any length of time would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The inability to attract and retain key personnel could adversely affect our results of operations. Our ability to operate our business and implement our strategies depends, in part, on the efforts of our executive officers and other key associates. Our future success depends, in large part, on our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, including manufacturing personnel, sales professionals and engineers. The unexpected loss of services of any of our key personnel or the failure to attract or retain other qualified personnel could have an adverse effect on the operation of our business. We rely significantly on information technology to support our operations and if we are unable to protect against service interruptions or security breaches, our business could be adversely impacted. We depend on a number of information technologies to integrate departments and functions, to enhance the ability to service customers, to improve our control environment and to manage our cost reduction initiatives. We have put in place a number of systems, processes, and practices designed to protect against the failure of our systems, as well as the misappropriation, exposure or corruption of the information stored thereon. Unintentional service disruptions or intentional actions such as intellectual property theft, cyber-attacks, unauthorized access or malicious software, may lead to such misappropriation, exposure or corruption if our protective measures prove to be inadequate. Any issues involving these critical business applications and infrastructure may adversely impact our ability to manage operations and the customers we serve. We could also encounter violations of applicable law or 19 reputational damage from the disclosure of confidential business, customer, or employee information or the failure to protect the privacy rights of our employees in their personal identifying information. In addition, the disclosure of non-public information could lead to the loss of our intellectual property and diminished competitive advantages. Should any of the foregoing events occur, we may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future. We are subject to extensive governmental laws and regulations, and our costs related to compliance with, or our failure to comply with, existing or future laws and regulations could adversely affect our business and results of operations. The length, height, width, maximum weight capacity and other specifications of truck and tank trailers are regulated by individual states. The federal government also regulates certain trailer safety features, such as lamps, reflective devices, tires, air-brake systems and rear-impact guards. In addition, most tank trailers we manufacture have specific federal regulations and restrictions that dictate tank design, material type and thickness. Changes or anticipation of changes in these regulations can have a material impact on our financial results, as our customers may defer purchasing decisions and we may have to re-engineer products. We are subject to various environmental laws and regulations dealing with the transportation, storage, presence, use, disposal and handling of hazardous materials, discharge of storm water and underground fuel storage tanks, and we may be subject to liability associated with operations of prior owners of acquired property. In addition, we are subject to laws and regulations relating to the employment of our employees and labor-related practices. If we are found to be in violation of applicable laws or regulations in the future, it could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our costs of complying with these or any other current or future regulations may be material. In addition, if we fail to comply with existing or future laws and regulations, we may be subject to governmental or judicial fines or sanctions. Regulations related to conflict-free minerals may force us to incur additional expenses and otherwise adversely affect our business and results of operations. As mandated by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Securities and Exchange Commission adopted rules regarding disclosure of the use of certain minerals, known as conflict minerals, originating from the Democratic Republic of Congo or adjoining countries. These requirements require ongoing due diligence efforts and disclosure requirements. We may incur significant costs to determine the source of any such minerals used in our products. We may also incur costs with respect to potential changes to products, processes or sources of supply as a consequence of our diligence activities. Further, the implementation of these rules and their effect on customer and/or supplier behavior could adversely affect the sourcing, supply and pricing of materials used in our products, as the number of suppliers offering conflict-free minerals could be limited. We may incur additional costs or face regulatory scrutiny if we determine that some of our products contain materials not determined to be conflict-free or if we are unable to sufficiently verify the origins of all conflict minerals used in our products. Accordingly, compliance with these rules could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and/or financial condition. Product liability and other legal claims could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. As a manufacturer of products widely used in commerce, we are subject to product liability claims and litigation, as well as warranty claims. From time to time claims may involve material amounts and novel legal theories, and any insurance we carry may not provide adequate coverage to insulate us from material liabilities for these claims. In addition to product liability claims, we are subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, such as workers' compensation claims, OSHA investigations, employment disputes and customer and supplier disputes arising out of the conduct of our business. Litigation may result in substantial costs and may divert management's attention and resources from the operation of our business, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. 20 An impairment in the carrying value of goodwill and other long-lived intangible assets could negatively affect our operating results. We have a substantial amount of goodwill and purchased intangible assets on our balance sheet as a result of acquisitions. At December 31, 2016, approximately 97% of these long-lived intangible assets were concentrated in our Diversified Products segment. The carrying value of goodwill represents the fair value of an acquired business in excess of identifiable assets and liabilities as of the acquisition date. The carrying value of other long- lived intangible assets represents the fair value of trademarks and trade names, customer relationships and technology as of the acquisition date, net of any accumulated amortization. Under generally accepted accounting principles, goodwill is required to be reviewed for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if potential interim indicators exist that could result in impairment, and other long-lived intangible assets require review for impairment only when indicators exist. If any business conditions or other factors cause profitability or cash flows to significantly decline, we may be required to record a non-cash impairment charge, which could adversely affect our operating results. Events and conditions that could result in impairment include a prolonged period of global economic weakness, a decline in economic conditions or a slow, weak economic recovery, sustained declines in the price of our common stock, adverse changes in the regulatory environment, adverse changes in the market share of our products, adverse changes in interest rates, or other factors leading to reductions in the long-term sales or profitability that we expect. Our ability to fund operations and pay dividends is limited by our operational results, cash on hand, and available borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility. Our ability to fund our working capital needs and capital expenditures, and our ability to pay dividends on our common stock, is limited by the net cash provided by operations, cash on hand and available borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Declines in net cash provided by operations, increases in working capital requirements necessitated by an increased demand for our products and services, decreases in the availability under the revolving credit facility or changes in the credit our suppliers provide to us, could rapidly exhaust our liquidity. We recently reinstituted a policy of paying regular quarterly dividends on our common stock, but there is no assurance that we will have the ability to continue a regular quarterly dividend. In December 2016, our Board of Directors approved the reinstatement of a dividend program under which we will pay regular quarterly cash dividends to holders of our common stock. Prior to 2017, no dividends had been paid since the third quarter of 2008. Our ability to pay dividends, and our Board of Directors’ determination to maintain our current dividend policy, will depend on numerous factors, including: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) the state of our business, competition, and changes in our industry; changes in the factors, assumptions, and other considerations made by our Board of Directors in reviewing and revising our dividend policy; our future results of operations, financial condition, liquidity needs, and capital resources; and our various expected cash needs, including cash interest and principal payments on our indebtedness, capital expenditures, the purchase price of acquisitions, and taxes. Each of the factors listed above could negatively affect our ability to pay dividends in accordance with our dividend policy or at all. In addition, the Board may elect to suspend or alter the current dividend policy at any time. Changes to U.S. or foreign tax laws could affect our effective tax rate and our future profitability. Changes in tax legislation could significantly impact our overall profitability, the provisions for income taxes, the amount of taxes payable and our deferred tax asset and liability balances. Recent proposals to lower the U.S. corporate income tax rate would require us to reduce our net deferred tax asset with a corresponding one-time, non-cash charge to income tax expense, however, our income tax expense and cash taxes would be reduced in subsequent years. 21 Risks Related to Our Indebtedness Our levels of indebtedness could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, our ability to meet our payment obligations under our debt agreements, and our ability to pay dividends. As of December 31, 2016, we had $241.1 million of indebtedness, including: $189.5 million of secured debt, $49.0 million of unsecured debt, $1.9 million in capital lease obligations, and $0.7 million in an industrial revenue bond. This level of debt could have significant consequences on our future operations, including: • making it more difficult for us to meet our payment and other obligations under our outstanding debt agreements; • • • • • resulting in an event of default if we fail to comply with the restrictive covenants contained in our debt agreements, which could result in all of our debt becoming immediately due and payable; reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund dividend payments, working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes, and limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for these purposes; subjecting us to the risk of increased sensitivity to interest rate increases on our indebtedness with variable interest rates; limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, and increasing our vulnerability to, changes in our business, the industry in which we operate and the general economy; and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt or are less leveraged. Any of the factors listed above could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Servicing our debt will require a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our debt obligations. Our ability to make scheduled principal payments of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness depends on our future performance, which is subject to regulatory, economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. While we do not have significant scheduled principal payments until 2018, our business may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debt and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations. Despite our current debt levels, we may still incur substantially more debt or take other actions that would intensify the risks discussed above. Despite our current consolidated debt levels, we may be able to incur substantial additional debt in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in our debt instruments, some of which may be secured debt. We are not restricted under the terms of the indenture governing our Convertible Senior Notes due 2018 (the “Notes”) from incurring additional debt, securing existing or future debt, recapitalizing our debt or taking a number of other actions. Our Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement restricts our ability to incur additional indebtedness, including secured indebtedness, but if the facilities mature or are repaid, we may not be subject to such restrictions under the terms of any subsequent indebtedness. 22 The conditional conversion feature of the Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Notes is triggered, holders of Notes will be entitled to convert the Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than cash in lieu of any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if holders do not elect to convert their Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our working capital. Provisions of the Notes could discourage a potential future acquisition of us by a third party. Certain provisions of the Notes could make it more difficult or more expensive for a third party to acquire us. Upon the occurrence of certain transactions constituting a fundamental change, holders of the Notes will have the right, at their option, to require us to repurchase all of their Notes or any portion of the principal amount of such Notes in integral multiples of $1,000. We also may be required to issue additional shares upon conversion in the event of certain corporate transactions. In addition, the indenture governing the Notes prohibits us from engaging in certain mergers or acquisitions unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations under the Notes. These and other provisions of the Notes could prevent or deter a third party from acquiring us even where the acquisition could be beneficial to our stockholders. Our Term Loan Credit Agreement and revolving credit facility contain restrictive covenants that, if breached, could limit our financial and operating flexibility and subject us to other risks. Our Term Loan Credit Agreement and revolving credit facility include customary covenants limiting our ability to, among other things, pay cash dividends, incur debt or liens, redeem or repurchase stock, enter into transactions with affiliates, merge, dissolve, repay subordinated indebtedness, make investments and dispose of assets. As required under our Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, we are required to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.1 to 1.0 as of the end of any period of 12 fiscal months when excess availability under the facility is less than 10% of the total revolving commitment. If availability under the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement is less than 12.5% of the total revolving commitment or if there exists an event of default, amounts in any of the Borrowers’ and the Revolver Guarantors’ deposit accounts (other than certain excluded accounts) will be transferred daily into a blocked account held by the Revolver Agent and applied to reduce the outstanding amounts under the facility. As of December 31, 2016, we believe we are in compliance with the provisions of both our Term Loan Credit Agreement and our revolving credit facility. Our ability to comply with the various terms and conditions in the future may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions. Risks Related to an Investment in Our Common Stock Future sales of our common stock in the public market could lower the market price for our common stock. In the future, we may sell additional shares of our common stock to raise capital. In addition, a substantial number of shares of our common stock are reserved for issuance upon the exercise of stock options and upon conversion of the Notes. We cannot predict the size of future issuances or the effect, if any, that they may have on the market price for our common stock. The issuance and sale of substantial amounts of common stock, or the perception that such issuances and sales may occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. 23 Our common stock has experienced, and may continue to experience, price and trading volume volatility. The trading price and volume of our common stock has been and may continue to be subject to large fluctuations. The market price and volume of our common stock may increase or decrease in response to a number of events and factors, including: (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) trends in our industry and the markets in which we operate; changes in the market price of the products we sell; the introduction of new technologies or products by us or by our competitors; changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates by securities analysts and investors; operating results that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors; announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, financings or capital commitments; changes in laws and regulations; general economic and competitive conditions; and changes in key management personnel. This volatility may adversely affect the prices of our common stock regardless of our operating performance. To the extent that the price of our common stock declines, our ability to raise funds through the issuance of equity or otherwise use our common stock as consideration will be reduced. These factors may limit our ability to implement our operating and growth plans. Also, shareholders may from time to time engage in proxy solicitations, advance shareholder proposals or otherwise attempt to effect changes or acquire control over the Company. Such shareholder campaigns could disrupt the Company’s operations and divert the attention of the Company’s Board of Directors and senior management and employees from the pursuit of business strategies and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. ITEM 1B—UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. ITEM 2—PROPERTIES We have manufacturing and retail operations located throughout the United States as well as facilities in Mexico and the United Kingdom. Our main Lafayette, Indiana facility is a 1.2 million square foot facility that houses truck trailer, truck body and composite material production, tool and die operations, research and development laboratories and offices. Our second Lafayette, Indiana facility is 0.8 million square feet and used primarily for the production of refrigerated van trailers. In total, our facilities have the capacity to produce approximately 80,000 trailers annually on a three-shift, five-day workweek schedule, depending on the mix of products. Properties owned by Wabash are subject to security interests held by our lenders. We believe the facilities we are now using are adequate and suitable for our current business operations and the currently foreseeable level of operations. The following table provides information regarding the locations of our major facilities, which are in the following areas in the United States, Mexico, and United Kingdom: 24 Location Ashland, Kentucky Baton Rouge, Louisiana Cadiz, Kentucky Chicago, Illinois Columbus, Ohio Dallas, Texas Owned or Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Owned Owned Dunmore, Pennsylvania Elroy, Wisconsin Findlay, Ohio Fond du Lac, Wisconsin Frankfort, Indiana Harrison, Arkansas Houston, Texas Huddersfield, United Kingdom Kansas City, Kansas Owned Owned Leased Owned Leased Owned Leased Leased property/Owned building Leased Lafayette, Indiana Mauston, Wisconsin New Lisbon, Wisconsin Portland, Oregon Queretaro, Mexico San Antonio, Texas Smithton, Pennsylvania Tavares, Florida West Memphis, Arkansas Owned Leased Owned/Leased Owned Owned Owned Owned Leased Leased Description of Activities at Location Parts distribution Service and parts distribution Manufacturing Service and parts distribution New trailers, used trailers, service and parts distribution New trailers, used trailers, service and parts distribution New trailers, used trailers, service and parts distribution Manufacturing Service and parts distribution Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Service and parts distribution Manufacturing Manufacturing Corporate Headquarters, Manufacturing and used trailers Service and parts distribution Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing New trailers, used trailers, service and parts distribution New trailers, used trailers, service and parts distribution Manufacturing Service and parts distribution Segment Diversified Products Diversified Products Commercial Trailer Products Diversified Products Commercial Trailer Products Commercial Trailer Products Commercial Trailer Products Diversified Products Diversified Products Diversified Products Diversified Products Diversified Products Diversified Products Diversified Products Diversified Products Commercial Trailer Products and Diversifed Products Diversified Products Diversified Products Diversified Products Diversified Products Commercial Trailer Products Commercial Trailer Products Diversified Products Diversified Products ITEM 3—LEGAL PROCEEDINGS We are involved in a number of legal proceedings concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of our business activities, and are periodically subject to governmental examinations (including by regulatory and tax authorities), and information gathering requests (collectively, "governmental examinations"). As of December 31, 2016, we were named as a defendant or were otherwise involved in numerous legal proceedings and governmental examinations in various jurisdictions, both in the United States and internationally. We have recorded liabilities for certain of our outstanding legal proceedings and governmental examinations. A liability is accrued when it is both (a) probable that a loss with respect to the legal proceeding has occurred and (b) the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We evaluate, on a quarterly basis, developments 25 in legal proceedings and governmental examinations that could cause an increase or decrease in the amount of the liability that has been previously accrued. These legal proceedings, as well as governmental examinations, involve various lines of business and a variety of claims (including, common law tort, contract, antitrust and consumer protection claims), some of which present novel factual allegations and/or unique legal theories. While some matters pending against us specify the damages claimed by the plaintiff, many seek a not-yet-quantified amount of damages or are at very early stages of the legal process. Even when the amount of damages claimed against Wabash is stated, the claimed amount may be exaggerated and/or unsupported. As a result, it is not currently possible to estimate a range of possible loss beyond previously accrued liabilities relating to some matters including those described below. Such previously accrued liabilities may not represent our maximum loss exposure. The legal proceedings and governmental examinations underlying the estimated range will change from time to time and actual results may vary significantly from the currently accrued liabilities. Based on our current knowledge, and taking into consideration litigation-related liabilities, we believe we are not a party to, nor is any of our properties the subject of, any pending legal proceeding or governmental examination other than the matters below, which are addressed individually, that could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or liquidity if determined in a manner adverse to us. However, in light of the uncertainties involved in such matters, the ultimate outcome of a particular matter could be material to our operating results for a particular period depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of our income for that period. Costs associated with the litigation and settlements of legal matters are reported within General and Administrative Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Brazil Joint Venture In March 2001, Bernard Krone Indústria e Comércio de Máquinas Agrícolas Ltda. (“BK”) filed suit against the Company in the Fourth Civil Court of Curitiba in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Because of the bankruptcy of BK, this proceeding is now pending before the Second Civil Court of Bankruptcies and Creditors Reorganization of Curitiba, State of Paraná (No. 232/99). The case grows out of a joint venture agreement between BK and the Company related to marketing of RoadRailer trailers in Brazil and other areas of South America. When BK was placed into the Brazilian equivalent of bankruptcy late in 2000, the joint venture was dissolved. BK subsequently filed its lawsuit against the Company alleging that it was forced to terminate business with other companies because of the exclusivity and non-compete clauses purportedly found in the joint venture agreement. BK asserted damages, exclusive of any potentially court- imposed interest or inflation adjustments, of approximately R$20.8 million (Brazilian Reais). BK did not change the amount of damages it asserted following its filing of the case in 2001. A bench (non-jury) trial was held on March 30, 2010 in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. On November 22, 2011, the Fourth Civil Court of Curitiba partially granted BK’s claims, and ordered Wabash to pay BK lost profits, compensatory, economic and moral damages in excess of the amount of compensatory damages asserted by BK. The total ordered damages amount was approximately R$26.7 million (Brazilian Reais), which was approximately $8.2 million U.S. dollars using the exchange rate as of December 31, 2016 and exclusive of any potentially court- imposed interest, fees or inflation adjustments. On October 5, 2016, the Court of Appeals re-heard all facts and legal questions presented in the case, and ruled in favor of the Company on all claims at issue. In doing so, the Court of Appeals dismissed all claims against the Company and vacated the judgment and damages previously ordered by the Fourth Civil Court of Curitiba. Unless BK appeals the ruling and a higher court finds in favor of BK on any of its claims, the judgment of the Court of Appeals is final. As a result of the Court of Appeals ruling, the Company does not expect that this proceeding will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations; however, it will continue to monitor these legal proceedings in the event BK further appeals the ruling of the Court of Appeals. Intellectual Property In October 2006, we filed a patent infringement suit against Vanguard National Corporation (“Vanguard”) regarding our U.S. Patent Nos. 6,986,546 and 6,220,651 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Indiana (Civil Action No. 4:06-cv-135). We amended the Complaint in April 2007. In May 2007, Vanguard filed its Answer to the Amended Complaint, along with Counterclaims seeking findings of non-infringement, invalidity, and unenforceability of the subject patents. We filed a reply to Vanguard’s counterclaims in May 2007, denying any wrongdoing or merit to the allegations as set forth in the counterclaims. The case was stayed by agreement of the 26 parties while the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“Patent Office”) undertook a reexamination of U.S. Patent No. 6,986,546. In June 2010, the Patent Office notified Wabash that the reexamination was completed and the Patent Office reissued U.S. Patent No. 6,986,546 without cancelling any claims of the patent. The parties have not yet petitioned the Court to lift the stay, and it is unknown at this time when the parties may do so. We believe that our claims against Vanguard have merit and that the claims asserted by Vanguard are without merit. We intend to vigorously defend our position and intellectual property. We believe that the resolution of this lawsuit will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity or future results of operations. However, at this stage of the proceeding, no assurance can be given as to the ultimate outcome of the case. Walker Acquisition In connection with our acquisition of Walker Group Holdings (“Walker”) in May 2012, there is an outstanding claim of approximately $2.9 million for unpaid benefits owed by the Seller that is currently in dispute and that, if required to be paid, is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. Environmental Disputes In August 2014, we were noticed as a potentially responsible party (“PRP”) by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (“DHEC”) pertaining to the Philip Services Site located in Rock Hill, South Carolina pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) and corresponding South Carolina statutes. PRPs include parties identified through manifest records as having contributed to deliveries of hazardous substances to the Philip Services Site between 1979 and 1999. The DHEC’s allegation that we are a PRP arises out of four manifest entries in 1989 under the name of a company unaffiliated with Wabash National (or any of its former or current subsidiaries) that purport to be delivering a de minimis amount of hazardous waste to the Philip Services Site “c/o Wabash National Corporation.” As such, the Philip Services Site PRP Group (“PRP Group”) notified Wabash in August 2014 that is was offering us the opportunity to resolve any liabilities associated with the Philip Services Site by entering into a Cash Out and Reopener Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with the PRP Group, as well as a Consent Decree with the DHEC. We accepted an offer from the PRP Group to enter into the Settlement Agreement and Consent Decree, while reserving our rights to contest our liability for any deliveries of hazardous materials to the Philips Services Site. The requested settlement payment is immaterial to Wabash’s financial conditions or operations, and as a result, if the Settlement Agreement and Consent Decree are finalized, the payment to be made thereunder is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. Bulk Tank International, S. de R.L. de C.V. (“Bulk”), one of the companies acquired in the Walker Acquisition, entered into agreements in 2011 with the Mexican federal environmental agency, PROFEPA, and the applicable state environmental agency, PROPAEG, pursuant to PROFEPA’s and PROPAEG’s respective environmental audit programs to resolve noncompliance with federal and state environmental laws at Bulk’s Guanajuato facility. Bulk completed all required corrective actions and received a Certification of Clean Industry from PROPAEG, and is seeking the same certification from PROFEPA, which we expect to receive in 2017, following the conclusion of a final audit process that commenced in December 2014. As a result, we do not expect that this matter will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. In January 2006, we received a letter from the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources indicating that a site that we formerly owned near Charlotte, North Carolina has been included on the state's October 2005 Inactive Hazardous Waste Sites Priority List. The letter states that we were being notified in fulfillment of the state's “statutory duty” to notify those who own and those who at present are known to be responsible for each Site on the Priority List. Following receipt of this notice, no action has ever been requested from Wabash, and since 2006 we have not received any further communications regarding this matter from the state of North Carolina. We do not expect that this designation will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. ITEM 4—MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not Applicable. 27 PART II ITEM 5—MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON STOCK, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Information Regarding our Common Stock Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (ticker symbol: WNC). The number of record holders of our common stock at February 17, 2017 was 648. On December 13, 2016, our Board of Directors approved the reinstatement of a dividend program under which we will pay regular quarterly cash dividends to holders of our common stock. The initial dividend of $0.06 per share was payable on January 26, 2017 to holders of record on January 5, 2017. Prior to 2017, no dividends had been paid since the third quarter of 2008. Payments of cash dividends depends on our future earnings, capital availability, financial condition and the discretion of our Board of Directors. Our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended and approved by our stockholders, authorizes 225 million shares of capital stock, consisting of 200 million shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 25 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. High and low stock prices as reported on the New York Stock Exchange for the last two years were: 2016 2015 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter High $13.57 $14.97 $14.72 $16.30 $14.96 $15.21 $14.09 $13.10 Low $9.68 $11.81 $12.23 $10.74 $11.36 $12.31 $10.16 $10.02 Performance Graph The following graph shows a comparison of cumulative total returns for an investment in our common stock, the S&P 500 Composite Index and the Dow Jones Transportation Index. It covers the period commencing December 31, 2011 and ending December 31, 2016. The graph assumes that the value for the investment in our common stock and in each index was $100 on December 31, 2011. 28 Comparative of Cumulative Total Return December 31, 2011 through December 31, 2016 among Wabash National Corporation, the S&P 500 Index and the Dow Jones Transportation Index 250 200 150 100 50 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Wabash S&P 500 DJ Trans Purchases of Our Equity Securities On February 1, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (“Repurchase Program”) which allows the repurchase of common stock of up to $100 million over a two-year period. Stock repurchases under the Repurchase Program may be made in the open market or in private transactions at times and in amounts that management deems appropriate. Management may limit or terminate the Repurchase Program at any time based on market conditions, liquidity needs, or other factors. During the fourth quarter of 2016, there were 2,746,502 shares repurchased pursuant to our Repurchase Program. Additionally, for the quarter ended December 31, 2016, there were 3,079 shares surrendered or withheld to cover minimum employee tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock awards. As of December 31, 2016, we had outstanding authorization from the Board of Directors to purchase up to $23 million of common stock based on settled trades as of that date. Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Amount That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs ($ in millions) October 2016 950,000 $ November 2016 365,900 $ December 2016 1,433,681 $ Total 2,749,581 $ 13.32 12.47 15.07 14.12 950,000 $ 365,900 $ 1,430,602 $ 2,746,502 $ 49.1 44.5 23.0 23.0 ITEM 6—SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following selected consolidated financial data with respect to Wabash National for each of the five years in the period ending December 31, 2016, have been derived from our consolidated financial statements. The following information should be read in conjunction with Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report. 29  Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) Statement of Comprehensive Income Data: Net sales Cost of sales $ 1,845,444 1,519,910 $ 2,027,489 1,724,046 $ 1,863,315 1,630,681 $ 1,635,686 1,420,563 $ 1,461,854 1,298,031 Gross profit $ 325,534 $ 303,443 $ 232,634 $ 215,123 $ 163,823 Selling, general and administrative expenses Amortization of intangibles Other operating expenses 101,399 19,940 1,663 100,728 21,259 1,087 88,370 21,878 - 89,263 21,786 883 68,340 10,590 14,409 Income from operations $ 202,532 $ 180,369 $ 122,386 $ 103,191 $ 70,484 Interest expense Other, net (15,663) (1,452) (19,548) 2,490 (22,165) (1,759) (26,308) 740 (21,724) (97) Income before income taxes $ 185,417 $ 163,311 $ 98,462 $ 77,623 $ 48,663 Income tax expense (benefit) 65,984 59,022 37,532 31,094 (56,968) Net income $ 119,433 $ 104,289 $ 60,930 $ 46,529 $ 105,631 Basic net income per common share $ 1.87 $ 1.55 $ 0.88 $ 0.67 $ 1.53 Diluted net income per common share $ 1.82 $ 1.50 $ 0.85 $ 0.67 $ 1.53 Balance Sheet Data: Working capital Total assets Total debt and capital leases Stockholders' equity $ $ $ $ 314,791 898,733 237,836 472,391 $ $ $ $ 318,430 950,126 315,633 439,811 $ $ $ $ 298,802 928,651 332,527 390,832 $ $ $ $ 232,638 912,245 370,595 322,379 $ $ $ $ 221,402 902,626 425,151 268,727 ITEM 7—MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) describes the matters that we consider to be important to understanding the results of our operations for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, and our capital resources and liquidity as of December 31, 2016. Our discussion begins with our assessment of the condition of the North American trailer industry along with a summary of the actions we took in 2016 to strengthen the Company. We then analyze the results of our operations for the last three years, including the trends in the overall business and our operating segments, followed by a discussion of our cash flows and liquidity, capital markets events and transactions, our credit facility and contractual commitments. We also provide a review of the critical accounting judgments and estimates that we have made that we believe are most important to an understanding of our MD&A and our consolidated financial statements. These are the critical accounting policies that affect the recognition and measurement of our transactions and the balances in our consolidated financial statements. We conclude our MD&A with information on recent accounting 30 pronouncements that we adopted during the year, if any, as well as those not yet adopted that may have an impact on our financial accounting practices. During the second quarter of 2016, we realigned our reporting segments into two segments, Commerical Trailer Products and Diversified Products. As a result of the realignment, the businesses previously operating within the former retail segment are now reported in one of these two segments. We undertook the realignment in an effort to strengthen the alignment between our manufacturing businesses and our retail sales and service operations, improve profitability and capitalize on growth opportunities. The Commercial Trailer Products segment manufactures standard and customized van and platform trailers, truck bodies and other transportation related equipment to customers who purchase directly from us, through independent dealers or Company owned branch locations through which we provide service and support. The Diversified Products segment, comprised of four strategic business units including, Tank Trailer, Aviation & Truck Equipment, Process Systems, and Composites, focuses on our commitment to expand our customer base and diversify our product offerings, end markets, and revenues. The Diversified Products segment also seeks to extend our market leadership by leveraging the proprietary DuraPlate® panel technology, drawing on our core manufacturing expertise and making available products that are complementary to truck and tank trailers and transportation equipment we offer. The prior periods for each of our reporting segments below has been restated to reflect this realignment. Certain corporate-related administrative costs, interest, and income taxes are not allocated to these two segments, but are reported in our Corporate and Eliminations segment. Executive Summary 2016 provided another year of strong overall demand for trailers. According to ACT estimates, total new trailer industry shipments were 287,000 units in 2016, while a reduction of 7% from the record levels achieved in 2015, this represents the second best year in the past fifteen and is the sixth consecutive year that total trailer demand exceeded normal replacement demand levels, currently estimated to be approximately 220,000 trailers per year. We delivered consolidated results for 2016 that set new records for profitability for the fifth consecutive year, including gross profit, gross profit margin, operating income and operating margin. The overall strength in the Company’s operating performance highlights the success of our growth and diversification initiatives driven by our long-term strategic plan to continue to transform the Company into a diversified industrial manufacturer with a higher growth and margin profile, while maintaining our focus and expertise in lean and six sigma optimization initiatives. These efforts made it possible to achieve record levels of operating income in 2016 totaling $202.5 million, as well as a 210 basis point improvement in operating income margin to a record level of 11.0%. More specifically, we leveraged the healthy demand environment to drive profitable growth through improved pricing and a commitment to favor margin over volume, operational excellence and supply chain optimization. In addition to our commitment to sustain profitable growth within each of our existing reporting segments, our long-term strategic initiatives included a focus on diversification efforts, both organic and strategic, to continue to transform Wabash into a diversified industrial manufacturer with a higher growth and margin profile and successfully deliver a greater value to our shareholders. Our ability to generate record margins and cash flows and a healthy balance sheet positions the Company with ample resources to (1) fund our internal capital needs to support both organic growth and productivity improvements, (2) assure continued reduction of our debt obligations, (3) return capital to shareholders and (4) selectively, but more actively, pursue strategic acquisitions. Strategically, we continue our internal effort to proactively identify potential acquisition targets that we believe can create shareholder value and accelerate our growth and diversification efforts, while leveraging our strong competencies in manufacturing execution, sourcing and innovative engineering leadership to assure strong value creation. Organically, our focus is on profitably growing and diversifying our operations through leveraging our existing assets, capabilities and technology into higher margin products and markets and thereby providing value-added customer solutions. Throughout 2016 we demonstrated our commitment to be responsible stewards of the business by maintaining a balanced approach to capital allocation. Our continuing strong operational performance, healthy backlog and industry outlook, and financial position provided us the opportunity to take specific actions as part of the ongoing commitment to prudently manage the overall financial risks of the Company, returning capital to our shareholders and deleveraging our balance sheet. These actions included completing $77 million in share repurchases as authorized by our Board of Directors in February 2016, executing agreements with existing holders 31 of our outstanding Convertible Senior Notes to purchase approximately $82 million in principal and, in December 2016, reinstating a regular quarterly dividend to the holders of our common stock. Collectively, these actions demonstrate our confidence in the financial outlook of the company and our ability to generate cash flow, both near and long term, and reinforces our overall commitment to deliver shareholder value while maintaining the flexibility to continue to execute our strategic plan for profitable growth and diversification. The outlook for the overall trailer market for 2017 continues to indicate a strong demand environment. In fact, the most recent estimates from industry forecasters, ACT and FTR, indicate demand levels expected to be in excess of the estimated replacement demand in every year through 2021. More specifically, ACT is currently estimating 2017 demand will be approximately 261,000, down 9% as compared to the previous year period, with 2018 through 2021 industry demand levels ranging between 252,000 and 267,000 trailers. In addition, FTR anticipates trailer production for 2017 to remain strong at approximately 259,000 trailers, a decrease of 10% as compared to 2016 levels. This continued strong demand environment for new trailer equipment as well as the positive economic and industry specific indicators we monitor reinforce our belief that the current trailer demand cycle will be an extended cycle with a strong likelihood for several more years of demand above replacement levels. We believe we are well positioned to capitalize on the expected strong overall demand levels while maintaining or growing margins through improvements in product pricing as well as productivity improvements and other operational excellence initiatives. However, we are not relying solely on volume and product pricing within the trailer industry to improve operations and enhance profitability. We remain committed to enhancing and diversifying our business model through the organic and strategic initiatives discussed previously. Through our two operating segments we offer a wide array of products and customer-specific solutions that we believe provide a sound foundation for achieving these goals. Continuing to identify attractive opportunities to leverage our core competencies, proprietary technology and core manufacturing expertise into new applications and end markets enables us to deliver greater value to our customers and shareholders. Operating Performance We measure our operating performance in five key areas – Safety/Morale, Quality, Delivery, Cost Reduction and Environment. We maintain a continuous improvement mindset in each of these key performance areas. Our mantra of being better today than yesterday and better tomorrow than we are today is simple, straightforward and easily understood by all our employees. (cid:2) Safety/Morale. The safety of our employees is our number one value and highest priority. We continually focus on reducing the severity and frequency of workplace injuries to create a safe environment for our employees and minimize workers compensation costs. We believe that our improved environmental, health and safety management translates into higher labor productivity and lower costs as a result of less time away from work and improved system management. In ten of the last eleven years at least one of our manufacturing sites has been recognized for safety including recent awards from the Truck Trailer Manufacturer Association’s Plant Safety Awards granted to our New Lisbon, Wisconsin and Portland, Oregon facilities. Our focus on safety also extends beyond our facilities. We are a founding member of the Cargo Tank Risk Management Committee, a group dedicated to reducing the hazards faced by workers on and around cargo tanks. (cid:2) Quality. We monitor product quality on a continual basis through a number of means for both internal and external performance as follows: - Internal performance. Our primary internal quality measurement is Process Yield. Process Yield is a performance metric that measures the impact of all aspects of the business on our ability to ship our products at the end of the production process. As with previous years, the expectations of the highest quality product continue to increase while maintaining Process Yield performance and reducing rework. In addition, we currently maintain an ISO 9001 registration of our Quality Management System at our Lafayette operations. - External performance. We actively track our warranty claims and costs to identify and drive improvement opportunities in quality and reliability. Early life cycle warranty claims for our van trailers are trended for performance monitoring. Using a unit based warranty reporting 32 process to track performance and document failure rates, early life cycle warranty units per 100 trailers shipped averaged approximately 2.6, 2.0 and 3.4 units in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Improvements in claims have been driven by our successful execution of continuous improvement programs centered on process variation reduction, and responding to the input from our customers. We expect that these activities will continue to drive down our total warranty cost profile. (cid:2) Delivery/Productivity. We measure productivity on many fronts. Some key indicators include production line cycle-time, labor-hours per trailer and inventory levels. Improvements over the last several years in these areas have translated into significant improvements in our ability to better manage inventory flow and control costs. - During the past several years Commercial Trailer Products has focused on productivity enhancements within manufacturing assembly and sub-assembly areas through developing the capability for mixed model production. These efforts have resulted in throughput improvements in our Lafayette, Indiana, and Cadiz, Kentucky facilities. - During the past two years, Diversified Products continued improving the flexibility and efficiency of their operations. The launch of our new Wabash Composites facility in Frankfort, Indiana, leased to provide dedicated manufacturing space to support the expanding product line and continued growth of our Composites business, allows us to manufacture our diverse product offerings more efficiently. Diversified Products also has broadened its tank trailer manufacturing versatility by adding production capabilities for petroleum trailers to our Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, manufacturing facility and pneumatic dry bulk trailers to our Portland, Oregon; Fond du Lac, Wisconsin; and New Lisbon, Wisconsin, facilities. We have also benefitted from the added capacity at our facility in Queretaro, Mexico for stationary silos for food, dairy and beverage industries, to better serve the markets in Southern U.S., Mexico and South America. (cid:2) Cost Reduction. We believe continuous improvement is a fundamental component of our operational excellence focus. Our continued focus on our balanced scorecard process has allowed us to improve all areas of manufacturing including safety, quality, on-time delivery, cost reduction, employee morale and environment. By focusing on continuous improvement and utilizing our balanced scorecard process we have realized total cost per unit reductions as a result of increased capacity utilization of all facilities while maintaining a lower level of fixed overhead. We also have a tank trailer manufacturing facility in Queretaro, Mexico that provides a low cost advantage for our tank trailer product line. (cid:2) Environment. We strive to manufacture products that are both socially responsible and environmentally sustainable. We demonstrate our commitment to sustainability by maintaining ISO 14001 registration of our Environmental Management System at our Lafayette, Indiana; San Jose Iturbide, Mexico; and Cadiz, Kentucky facilities. In 2005, our Lafayette, Indiana facility was one of the first trailer manufacturing operations in the world to be ISO 14001 registered. Being ISO 14001 registered third-party verified environmental improvements. In 2016, our Frankfort, Indiana and Cadiz, Kentucky facilities also achieved ISO 14001 registration. At our facilities, we initiated employee-based recycling programs that reduce waste being sent to the landfill, installed a fifty-five foot wind turbine to produce electricity and reduce our carbon emissions, and restored a natural wildlife habitat to enhance the environment and protect native animals. to demonstrate quantifiable and requires us Industry Trends Truck transportation in the U.S., according to the ATA, was estimated to be a $726 billion industry in 2015. ATA estimates that approximately 70% of all freight tonnage is carried by trucks. Trailer demand is a direct function of the amount of freight to be transported. To monitor the state of the industry, we evaluate a number of indicators related to trailer manufacturing and the transportation industry. Recent trends we have observed include the following: 33 (cid:2) Transportation / Trailer Cycle. The trailer industry generally follows the transportation industry cycles. After three consecutive years with total trailer demand well below normal replacement demand levels estimated to be approximately 220,000 trailers, the five year period ending December 2015 demonstrated consecutive years of significant improvement in which the total trailer market increased year-over-year approximately 64%, 14%, 1%, 15% and 15% for 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively, with total shipments of approximately 204,000, 232,000, 234,000, 269,000 and 308,000, respectively. The 2015 trailer shipments represent an all-time industry record. In 2016, trailer shipments declined by approximately 6% year-over-year to approximately 287,000 units. As we enter the eighth year of an economic recovery, ACT is estimating demand within the trailer industry in 2017 at approximately 261,000 and forecasting continued strong demand levels into the foreseeable future with estimated annual average demand for the four year period ending 2021 to be approximately 257,000 new trailers. Our view is generally consistent with ACT that trailer demand will remain significantly above replacement levels for 2017 and has the potential to remain above replacement levels for several years beyond 2017. (cid:2) New Trailer Orders. According to ACT, total orders in 2016 were approximately 229,000 trailers, a 28% decrease from 316,000 trailers ordered in 2015. Total orders for the dry van segment, the largest within the trailer industry, were approximately 133,000, a decrease of 31% from 2015. (cid:2) Transportation Regulations and Legislation. There are several different areas within both federal and state government regulations and legislation that are expected to have an impact on trailer demand, including: - The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (the “FMCSA”) has taken steps in recent years to improve truck safety standards, particularly by implementing the Compliance, Safety, and Accountability (“CSA”) program as well as requiring Electronic Logging Devices (“ELDs”). CSA is considered a comprehensive driver and fleet rating system that measures both the freight carriers and drivers on several safety related criteria, including driver safety, equipment maintenance and overall condition of trailers. This system drives increased awareness and action by carriers since enforcement actions were targeted and implemented beginning in June 2011. CSA is generally believed to have contributed to the tightening of the supply of drivers and capacity after 2011 as carriers took measures to improve their rating. The FMCSA issued a mandate that all carriers must install ELDs by December 2017. Industry estimates on carrier productivity losses as a result of ELDs range from 3% to 10%. We believe this ruling is likely to have a more significant impact on capacity than anticipated and may ultimately drive increased demand for new equipment as carriers attempt to recover lost productivity. While industry estimates vary, it is likely that only roughly half the industry utilizes ELDs right now, meaning that a good portion of owner-operators and carriers will either adopt the new technology, shut down, or be acquired. - In July 2013, a new FMCSA hours-of-service rule went into effect, reducing total driver hours from 82 hours per week to 70 hours. Congress included language in the 2016 spending package that requires the agency to meet an appropriate safety, driver health and driver longevity standard before re-imposing those restrictions. Specifically, the language prohibits FMCSA from reinstating certain sections of the rule’s 34-hour restart provisions unless an FMCSA study finds that they result in statistically significant improvements in safety and driver health, among other things. We believe this language will make it very difficult for FMCSA to justify reinstituting the restart restrictions. In other words, the simple 34-hour restart rule, with no additional restrictions, will likely remain in place for the foreseeable future. Nevertheless, we believe the rule will keep trucking equipment utilization at record-high levels and, therefore, increase the general need for equipment. - There are several new regulations that may come into effect in the next two years, including Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse Requirement, Speed Limiters, and Corporate Average Fuel Economy among others. The cumulative effect of the existing and upcoming regulations will be a further decrease in driver productivity and reduction of the driver pool, which will likely lead to higher demand for additional drivers and equipment to fill the gap. 34 - The U.S. EPA and NHTSA agencies proposed new greenhouse gas regulations in July 2015, in an effort to reduce fuel consumption and production of carbon dioxide of heavy duty commercial vehicles. Following a comment period, the final rule was released in August 2016 and currently with U.S. Congress to determine whether it will become effective. The rule focuses mainly on van trailers, and is divided into four increasingly stringent greenhouse gas reduction standards. The rule requires fuel saving technologies on van trailers, such as trailer side skirts, low rolling resistance tires, and automatic tire inflation systems, to become standard equipment starting in January 2018. For tank trailers and flatbed trailers, the rule will require low rolling resistant tires and automotive tire inflation systems beginning in 2018. More stringent van trailer standards will come into play in model years 2021, 2024 and 2027 – requiring more advanced fuel efficiency technologies, such are rear boat tails and higher percentage improvement side skirts and tires. In addition to increasing the cost of a trailer, these regulations may also lead to a higher demand for various aerodynamic device products. - The California Air Resource Board (“CARB”) regulations mandate that refrigeration units older than seven years may no longer operate in California. As refrigeration units become obsolete, capacity in the refrigerated segment will tighten and an increase in demand for new refrigerated trailers is likely. CARB regulations also mandate fuel efficiency improvements on all fleets operating in California for which our various aerodynamic solutions provide a durable and cost effective product that yields the improved fuel efficiencies required by these regulations. (cid:2) Other Developments. Other developments and potential impacts on the industry include: - While we believe the need for trailer equipment will be positively impacted by the legislative and regulatory changes addressed above, these demand drivers could be offset by factors that contribute to the increased concentration and density of loads, including the miniaturization of electronic products and packaging optimization of bulk goods. Increases in load concentration or density could contribute to decreased need or demand for dry van trailers. - Trucking company profitability, which can be influenced by factors such as fuel prices, freight tonnage volumes, and government regulations, is highly correlated with the overall economy of the U.S. Carrier profitability significantly impacts demand for, and the financial ability to purchase new trailers. - Fleet equipment utilization has been rising due to increasing freight volumes, new government regulations and shortages of qualified truck drivers. As a result, trucking companies are under increased pressure to look for alternative ways to move freight, leading to more intermodal freight movement. We believe that railroads are at or near capacity, which will limit their ability to respond to freight demand pressures. Therefore, we expect that the majority of freight will continue to be moved by truck and, according to ATA, freight tonnage carried by trucks is expected to increase approximately 24% throughout the next decade. Results of Operations The following table sets forth certain operating data as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated: 35 Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit General and administrative expenses Selling expenses Amortization of intangibles Other Operating Expenses Income from operations Interest expense Other, net Income before income taxes 2016 100.0 82.0 18.0 4.0 1.5 1.1 0.1 11.3 (0.8) (0.1) 10.4 Years Ended December 31, 2015 100.0 85.0 % % 15.0 3.6 1.3 1.1 0.1 8.9 (0.9) 0.1 8.1 2014 % 100.0 87.5 12.5 3.3 1.4 1.2 - 6.6 (1.2) (0.1) 5.3 Income tax expense (benefit) Net income 3.6 6.8 % 3.1 5.0 % 2.0 3.3 % 2016 Compared to 2015 Net Sales Net sales in 2016 decreased $182.0 million, or 9.0%, compared to the 2015 period. By business segment, net sales prior to intersegment eliminations and related units sold were as follows (dollars in thousands): (prior to elimination of intersegment sales) Year Ended December 31, Change 2016 2015 $ % Sales by Segment Commercial Trailer Products Diversified Products Eliminations Total New Trailers Commercial Trailer Products Diversified Products Eliminations Total Used Trailers Commercial Trailer Products Diversified Products Eliminations Total $ $ 1,506,110 352,404 (13,070) 1,845,444 $ $ 1,582,241 456,927 (11,679) 2,027,489 61,300 3,400 - 64,700 1,900 150 - 2,050 (units) 58,850 2,100 - 60,950 (units) 950 100 - 1,050 36 $ (76,131) (104,523) (4.8) (22.9) $ (182,045) (9.0) (2,450) (1,300) (4.0) (38.2) (3,750) (5.8) (950) (50) (50.0) (33.3) (1,000) (48.8) Commercial Trailer Products segment sales, prior to the elimination of intersegment sales, were $1.5 billion in 2016, a decrease of $76.1 million, or 4.8%, compared to 2015. The decrease in sales was primarily due to a 4.0% decrease in new trailer shipments as 58,850 trailers were shipped in 2016 compared to 61,300 trailer shipments in the prior year. Used trailer sales decreased $19.0 million, or 61.3 %, compared to the prior year due to decreased availability and selective management of product through fleet trade packages as approximately 950 fewer used trailers shipped in 2016 as compared to the prior year. Parts and service sales in 2016 decreased $4.3 million, or 7.1%, compared to 2015 primarily due to fewer retail branch locations throughout 2016 as compared to the prior year. Diversified Products segment sales, prior to the elimination of intersegment sales, were $352.4 million in 2016, down $104.5 million, or 22.9%, compared to 2015. New trailer sales decreased $88.4 million, or 40.1%, due to a 38.2% decrease in new trailer shipments, as approximately 2,100 trailers were shipped in 2016 compared to 3,400 trailers shipped in the prior year. Sales of our components, parts and service product offerings in 2016 were comparable to the prior year. Equipment and other sales decreased $13.5 million, or 11.1%, due to lower demand for our non-trailer truck mounted equipment and other engineered products. Gross Profit Gross profit was $325.5 million in 2016, an improvement of $22.1 million, or 7.3% from 2015. Gross profit as a percentage of sales was 18.0% in 2016 as compared to 15.0% in 2015. Gross profit by segment was as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, Change 2016 2015 $ % Gross Profit by Segment: Commercial Trailer Products Diversified Products $ 253,274 75,630 $ 197,777 107,023 Corporate and Eliminations (3,371) (1,356) $ 55,497 (31,393) (2,015) 28.1 (29.3) Total $ 325,533 $ 303,444 $ 22,089 7.3 Commercial Trailer Products segment gross profit was $253.3 million in 2016 compared to $197.8 million in the prior year, an increase of $55 million. Gross profit, as a percentage of net sales prior to the elimination of intersegment sales, was 16.8% in 2016 as compared to 12.5% in 2015, an increase of 430 basis points. The increases in gross profit and profit margin as compared to the prior year was primarily driven by improved pricing, favorable material costs, including cost optimization through product design and sourcing, and continued operational efficiencies. Diversified Products segment gross profit was $75.6 million in 2016 compared to $107.0 million in 2015. Gross profit, as a percentage of net sales prior to the elimination of intersegment sales, was 21.5% in 2016 compared to 23.4% in 2015. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of net sales, as compared to the prior year, was due primarily to lower sales volume and the reduced leverage of fixed costs from lower production levels which more than offset the favorable material costs and continued operational efficiencies. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses in 2016 increased $0.6 million, or 0.9%, from the prior year as a result of a $2.7 million increase in outside service and professional fee expenditures, as well as a $0.9 million increase in various other operating expenses, primarily information technology related costs. These increases were offset by a $3.0 million decrease in employee related costs, including costs associated with employee incentive programs. General and administrative expenses, as a percentage of net sales, were 4.0% in 2016 compared to 3.6% in 2015. Selling Expenses Selling expenses were $27.3 million in 2016, an increase of $0.1 million, or 0.1%, compared to the prior year as a $0.3 million increase in advertising and promotional efforts were partially offset by lower employee related 37 costs, including costs associated with employee incentive programs. As a percentage of net sales, selling expenses were 1.5% in 2016 compared to 1.3% in the prior year. Amortization of Intangibles Amortization of intangibles was $19.9 million in 2016 compared to $21.3 million in 2015. Amortization of intangibles for both periods primarily includes amortization expense recognized for intangible assets recorded from the acquisition of Walker in May 2012 and certain assets acquired from Beall in February 2013. Other Operating Expenses Other operating expenses of $1.7 million in 2016 is the impairment of goodwill recognized during the second quarter of 2016. Based on an analysis we performed to determine the allocations of goodwill with the realignment of our reporting segments, we determined a portion of goodwill allocated to our retail branch operations was impaired as the fair value of reporting did not exceed its carrying value resulting in an impairment charge for the Commercial Trailer Products reporting segment. Other Income (Expense) Interest expense in 2016 totaled $15.7 million compared to $19.5 million in the prior year. Interest expense for both periods primarily related to interest and non-cash accretion charges on our Convertible Senior Notes and Term Loan Credit Agreement. The decrease from the prior year is primarily due to Notes repurchases completed in late 2015 and during the first and fourth quarters of 2016. Other, net for 2016 represented expense of $1.5 million as compared to income of $2.5 million for the prior year period. The current year expense includes $1.9 million loss on debt extinguishment for voluntary purchases of our outstanding Convertible Senior Notes partially offset by a $0.3 million gain on the transition of our retail branches to independent dealer facilities. The prior year period primarily consists of an $8.3 million gain on the sale of our former Retail branch real estate in Fontana, California and Portland, Oregon partially offset by $5.3 million of accelerated amortization and related fees in connection with the refinancing of our Term Loan Credit Agreement in March 2015 and $0.3 million of charges incurred in connection with the amendment to our Revolving Credit Agreement in June 2015 (see the section “Debt Agreements and Related Amendments” below for further details). Income Taxes We recognized income tax expense of $66.0 million in 2016 compared to $59.0 million in the prior year. The effective tax rate for 2016 was 35.6%, which differs from the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of state and local taxes offset by the benefit of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code domestic manufacturing deduction. In addition, the rate for 2016 includes a tax benefit related to employee share-based payment awards, which are now recorded as an income tax expense (or benefit) in earnings effective with the adoption of a new accounting standard. Cash taxes paid in 2016 were $68.9 million. 2015 Compared to 2014 Net Sales Net sales in 2015 increased $164.2 million, or 8.8%, compared to the 2014 period. By business segment, net sales prior to intersegment eliminations and related units sold were as follows (dollars in thousands): 38 (prior to elimination of intersegment sales) Year Ended December 31, Change 2015 2014 $ % Sales by Segment Commercial Trailer Products Diversified Products Eliminations Total New Trailers Commercial Trailer Products Diversified Products Eliminations Total Used Trailers Commercial Trailer Products Diversified Products Eliminations Total $ $ 1,582,241 456,927 (11,679) 2,027,489 $ $ 1,380,623 494,992 (12,300) 1,863,315 (units) (units) 61,300 3,400 - 64,700 1,900 150 - 2,050 53,800 3,550 - 57,350 4,700 150 - 4,850 $ 201,618 (38,065) $ 164,174 7,500 (150) 7,350 14.6 (7.7) 8.8 13.9 (4.2) 12.8 (2,800) - (59.6) - (2,800) (57.7) Commercial Trailer Products segment sales, prior to the elimination of intersegment sales, were $1.6 billion in 2015, an increase of $201.6 million, or 14.6%, compared to 2014. The increase in sales was primarily due to a 13.9% increase in new trailer shipments, as approximately 61,300 trailers were shipped in 2015 compared to 53,800 trailers shipped in the prior year. The increase in sales was further aided by an improved pricing environment as average selling prices increased 2.5% as compared to the prior year. Used trailer sales decreased $6.9 million, or 16.2%, due to the availability of product through fleet trade packages as approximately 2,800 fewer used trailers shipped in 2015 as compared to the prior year. Parts and service sales were up/down $2.6 million, or 3.2%, compared to the prior year. Diversified Products segment sales, prior to the elimination of intersegment sales, were $456.9 million in 2015, down $38.1 million, or 7.7%, compared to 2014. New trailer sales decreased $9.4 million, or 4.1%, due to a 4.2% decrease in new trailer shipments, as approximately 3,400 trailers were shipped in 2015 compared to 3,550 trailers shipped in the prior year. Parts and service sales decreased $7.5 million, or 7.5%, compared to the prior year due to decreased demand. Equipment and other sales decreased $21.3 million, or 16.0%, due to lower demand for our non-trailer truck mounted equipment and other engineered products. Gross Profit Gross profit was $303.4 million in 2015, an improvement of $70.8 million, or 30.4% from 2014. Gross profit as a percentage of sales was 15.0% in 2015 as compared to 12.5% in 2014. Gross profit by segment was as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, Change 2015 2014 $ % Gross Profit by Segment: Commercial Trailer Products Diversified Products $ 197,777 107,023 $ 117,734 111,298 Corporate and Eliminations (1,357) 3,602 $ 80,043 (4,275) (4,959) Total $ 303,443 $ 232,634 $ 70,809 68.0 (3.8) 30.4 39 Commercial Trailer Products segment gross profit was $197.8 million in 2015 compared to $117.7 million in the prior year. Gross profit, as a percentage of net sales prior to the elimination of intersegment sales, was 12.5% in 2015 as compared to 8.5% in 2014. The increase in gross profit and gross profit margin as compared to the prior year was primarily driven by the increase in new trailer volumes, an improved pricing environment and increased operational efficiencies. Diversified Products segment gross profit was $107.0 million in 2015 compared to $111.3 million in 2014. Gross profit, as a percentage of net sales prior to the elimination of intersegment sales, was 23.4% in 2015 compared to 22.5% in 2014. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of net sales, as compared to the prior year, was attributable to product mix and operational efficiencies. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses in 2015 increased $11.8 million, or 19.1%, from the prior year as a result of a $9.7 million increase in salaries and other employee related costs, including costs associated with employee incentive programs, as well as a $2.1 million increase in other operating expenses, primarily technology costs, professional fees and outside services. General and administrative expenses, as a percentage of net sales, were 3.6% in 2015 compared to 3.3% in 2014. Selling Expenses Selling expenses were $27.2 million in 2015, an increase of $0.6 million, or 2.1%, compared to the prior year, as a $1.5 million increase in salaries and other employee related costs, including costs associated with employee incentive programs were partially offset by lower advertising, promotional and various other selling related expenses. As a percentage of net sales, selling expenses were 1.3% in 2015 compared to 1.4% in the prior year. Amortization of Intangibles Amortization of intangibles was $21.3 million in 2015 compared to $21.9 million in 2014. Amortization of intangibles for both periods primarily includes amortization expense recognized for intangible assets recorded from the acquisition of Walker in May 2012 and certain assets acquired from Beall in February 2013. Other Operating Expenses Other operating expenses of $1.1 million in 2015 include the impairment of intangible assets recognized in connection with consolidating our existing tradenames within the Diversified Products segment. Other Income (Expense) Interest expense in 2015 totaled $19.5 million compared to $22.2 million in the prior year. Interest expense for both periods primarily related to interest and non-cash accretion charges on our Convertible Senior Notes and Term Loan Credit Agreement. The decrease from the prior year is primarily due to lower outstanding loan commitments through voluntary debt payments made over the prior year, as well as lower interest rates achieved through amendments to both our Revolving Credit Agreement and Term Loan Credit Agreement during 2015. Other, net for 2015 represented income of $2.5 million as compared to an expense of $1.8 million for the prior year period. The current year period primarily consists of an $8.3 million gain on the sale of our former Retail branch real estate in Fontana, California and Portland, Oregon partially offset by $5.3 million of accelerated amortization and related fees in connection with the refinancing of our Term Loan Credit Agreement in March 2015 and $0.3 million of charges incurred in connection with the amendment to our Revolving Credit Agreement in June 2015 (see the section “Debt Agreements and Related Amendments” below for further details). The prior year period includes a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $1.0 million for debt issuance costs recognized on the voluntary principal payments made on our Term Loan Credit Agreement as well as a $0.6 million loss on the transition of three of our former retail branches to independent dealer facilities. 40 Income Taxes We recognized income tax expense of $59.0 million in 2015 compared to $37.5 million in the prior year. The effective tax rate for 2015 was 36.1%, which differs from the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of state and local taxes offset by the benefit of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code domestic manufacturing deduction. Cash taxes paid in 2015 were $66.3 million. Liquidity and Capital Resources Capital Structure Our capital structure is comprised of a mix of debt and equity. As of December 31, 2016, our debt to equity ratio was approximately 0.5:1.0. Our long-term objective is to generate operating cash flows sufficient to support the growth within our businesses and increase shareholder value. This objective will be achieved through a balanced capital allocation strategy of maintaining strong liquidity, deleveraging our balance sheet, investing in the business, both organically and strategically, and returning capital to our shareholders. Throughout 2016 and in keeping to this balanced approach, several actions were taken to demonstrate our commitment to prudently manage the overall financial risk and increase shareholder value through a return of capital. These actions include the repurchase of $77.0 million under the share repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors in February 2016 as well as completing the purchase of $82.0 million in principal of our outstanding Convertible Senior Notes due 2018 to (see the section “Debt Agreements and Related Amendments” below for details). Furthermore, in December 2016, we announced the reinstatement of a dividend program by which we will pay a regular quarterly cash dividend to the stockholders of our common stock. For 2017, we expect to continue our commitment to fund our working capital requirements and capital expenditures while also returning capital to our shareholders and deleveraging our balance sheet through cash flows from operations as well as available borrowings under our existing Credit Agreement. Debt Agreements and Related Amendments Convertible Senior Notes In April 2012, we issued Convertible Senior Notes due 2018 (the “Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $150 million in a public offering. The Notes bear interest at the rate of 3.375% per annum from the date of issuance, payable semi-annually on May 1 and November 1. The Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally with our existing and future senior unsecured debt. The Notes are convertible by their holders into cash, shares of our common stock or any combination thereof at our election, at an initial conversion rate of 85.4372 shares of our common stock per $1,000 in principal amount of Notes, which is equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $11.70 per share, only under the following circumstances: (A) before November 1, 2017 (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2012 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the indenture for the Notes) per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; and (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events as described in the indenture for the Notes; and (B) at any time on or after November 1, 2017 until the close of business on the second business day immediately preceding the maturity date. As of December 31, 2016, the Notes were not convertible based on the above criteria. If the Notes outstanding at December 31, 2016 were converted as of December 31, 2016, the if-converted value would exceed the principal amount by approximately $17 million. It is our intent to settle conversions through a net share settlement, which involves repayment of cash for the principal portion and delivery of shares of common stock for the excess of the conversion value over the principal portion. We used the net proceeds of $145.1 million from the sale of the Notes to fund a portion of the purchase price of the acquisition of Walker in May 2012. 41 We account separately for the liability and equity components of the Notes in accordance with authoritative guidance for convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion. The guidance required the carrying amount of the liability component to be estimated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated conversion feature. We determined that senior, unsecured corporate bonds traded on the market represent a similar liability to the Notes without the conversion option. Based on market data available for publicly traded, senior, unsecured corporate bonds issued by companies in the same industry and with similar maturity, we estimated the implied interest rate of the Notes to be 7.0%, assuming no conversion option. Assumptions used in the estimate represent what market participants would use in pricing the liability component, including market interest rates, credit standing, and yield curves, all of which are defined as Level 2 observable inputs. The estimated implied interest rate was applied to the Notes, which resulted in a fair value of the liability component of $123.8 million upon issuance, calculated as the present value of implied future payments based on the $150.0 million aggregate principal amount. The $21.7 million difference between the cash proceeds before offering expenses of $145.5 million and the estimated fair value of the liability component was recorded in additional paid-in capital. The discount on the liability portion of the Notes is being amortized over the life of the Notes using the effective interest rate method. During 2016 we executed multiple agreements with existing holders of the Notes to repurchase $82.0 in principal of such Notes for $98.9 million, excluding accrued interest. Additionally, in December 2015, we acquired $19.0 million in principal for $22.9 million, excluding accrued interest. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of $1.9 million and $0.2 million, respectively, in connection with the repurchase activity, which is included in Other, net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Revolving Credit Agreement In June 2015, we entered into a Joinder and First Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, First Amendment to Amended and Restated Security Agreement and First Amendment to Amended and Restated Guaranty Agreement (the “Amendment”) by and among us, certain of our subsidiaries designated as Loan Parties (as defined in the Amendment), Wells Fargo Capital Finance, LLC, as arranger and administrative agent (the “Agent”), and the other lenders party thereto. The Amendment amends, among other things, the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”), dated as of May 8, 2012, among us, certain of our subsidiaries from time to time party thereto (together with us, the “Borrowers”), the several lenders from time to time party thereto, and the Agent and provides for, among other things, a five year, $175 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). The Amendment, among other things, (i) increases the total commitments under the Credit Facility from $150 million to $175 million, and (ii) extends the maturity date of the Credit Facility from May 2017 to June 2020, but provides for an accelerated maturity in the event our outstanding Notes are not converted, redeemed, repurchased or refinanced in full on or before the date that is 121 days prior to the maturity date thereof and we are not then maintaining, and continue to maintain until the Notes are converted, redeemed, repurchased or refinanced in full, (x) Liquidity of at least $125 million and (y) availability under the Credit Facility of at least $25 million. Liquidity, as defined in the Credit Agreement, reflects the difference between (i) the sum of (A) unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and (B) availability under the Credit Facility and (ii) the amount necessary to fully redeem the Notes. In addition, the Amendment (i) provides that borrowings under the Credit Facility will bear interest, at the Borrowers’ election, at (x) LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 150 basis points to 200 basis points (in lieu of the previous range from 175 basis points to 225 basis points), or (y) a base rate plus a margin ranging from 50 basis points to 100 basis points (in lieu of the previous range from 75 basis points to 125 basis points), in each case, based upon the monthly average excess availability under the Credit Facility, (ii) provides that the monthly unused line fee shall be equal to 25 basis points (which amount was previously 37.5 basis points) times the average unused availability under the Credit Facility, (iii) provides that if availability under the Credit Facility is less than 12.5% (which threshold was previously 15%) of the total commitment under the Credit Facility or if there exists an event of default, amounts in any of the Borrowers’ and the subsidiary guarantors’ deposit accounts (other than certain excluded accounts) will be transferred daily into a blocked account held by the Agent and applied to reduce the outstanding amounts under the Credit Facility, (iv) provides that we will be required to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.1 to 1.0 as of the end of any period of 12 fiscal months when excess availability under the Credit Facility is less than 10% (which threshold was previously 12.5%) of the total commitment under the Credit Facility and (v) amends certain negative covenants in the Credit Agreement. 42  The Credit Agreement is guaranteed by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries (the “Revolver Guarantors”) and is secured by (i) first priority security interests (subject only to customary permitted liens and certain other permitted liens) in substantially all personal property of the Borrowers and the Revolver Guarantors, consisting of accounts receivable, inventory, cash, deposit and securities accounts and any cash or other assets in such accounts and, to the extent evidencing or otherwise related to such property, all general intangibles, licenses, intercompany debt, letter of credit rights, commercial tort claims, chattel paper, instruments, supporting obligations, documents and payment intangibles (collectively, the “Revolver Priority Collateral”), and (ii) second-priority liens on and security interests in (subject only to the liens securing the Term Loan Credit Agreement (as defined below) customary permitted liens and certain other permitted liens) (A) equity interests of each direct subsidiary held by the Borrower and each Revolver Guarantor (subject to customary limitations in the case of the equity of foreign subsidiaries), and (B) substantially all other tangible and intangible assets of the Borrowers and the Revolver Guarantors including equipment, general intangibles, intercompany notes, insurance policies, investment property, intellectual property and material owned real property (in each case, except to the extent constituting Revolver Priority Collateral) (collectively, the “Term Priority Collateral”). The respective priorities of the security interests securing the Credit Agreement and the Term Loan Credit Agreement are governed by an Intercreditor Agreement between the Revolver Agent and the Term Agent (as defined below) (the “Intercreditor Agreement”). Subject to the terms of the Intercreditor Agreement, if the covenants under the Credit Agreement are breached, the lenders may, subject to various customary cure rights, require the immediate payment of all amounts outstanding and foreclose on collateral. Other customary events of default in the Credit Agreement include, without limitation, failure to pay obligations when due, initiation of insolvency proceedings, defaults on certain other indebtedness, and the incurrence of certain judgments that are not stayed, satisfied, bonded or discharged within 30 days. As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with all covenants of the Credit Agreement. Term Loan Credit Agreement In May 2012 we entered into a credit agreement among us, the several lenders from time to time party thereto, Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent, joint lead arranger and joint bookrunner (the “Term Agent”), and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as joint lead arranger and joint bookrunner (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”), which initially provided, among other things, for a senior secured term loan facility of $300 million. Also in May 2012, certain of our subsidiaries (the “Term Guarantors”) entered into a general continuing guarantee of our obligations under the Term Loan Credit Agreement in favor of the Term Agent (the “Term Guarantee”). In April 2013, we entered into Amendment No.1 to Credit Agreement (the “Amendment No. 1”), which became effective on May 9, 2013. As of the Amendment No. 1 date, there was $297.0 million of term loans outstanding under the Term Loan Credit Agreement (the “Initial Loans”), of which we paid $20.0 million in connection with Amendment No. 1. Under Amendment No. 1, the lenders agreed to provide us term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $277.0 million, which were exchanged for and used to refinance the Initial Loans (the “Tranche B-1 Loans”). In March 2015, we entered into Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 2”). As of the Amendment No. 2 date, there was $192.8 million of the Tranche B-1 Loans outstanding. Under Amendment No. 2, the lenders agreed to provide to us term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $192.8 million (the “Tranche B-2 Loans”), which were used to refinance the outstanding Tranche B-1 Loans. The Tranche B-2 Loans mature in March 2022, but provide for an accelerated maturity in the event our outstanding Notes are not converted, redeemed, repurchased or refinanced in full on or before the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity date thereof and we are not then maintaining, and continue to maintain until the Notes are converted, redeemed, repurchased or refinanced in full, liquidity of at least $125 million. Liquidity, as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement, reflects the difference between (i) the sum of (A) unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and (B) the amount available and permitted to be drawn under our existing Credit Agreement and (ii) the amount necessary to fully redeem the Notes. The Tranche B-2 Loans shall amortize in equal quarterly installments in aggregate amounts equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount of the Tranche B-2 Loans, with the balance payable at maturity, and will bear interest at a rate, at our election, equal to (i) LIBOR (subject to a floor of 1.00%) plus a margin of 3.25% or (ii) a base rate plus a margin of 2.25%. 43 Amendment No. 2 also amended the Term Loan Credit Agreement by (i) removing the maximum senior secured leverage ratio test, (ii) modifying the accordion feature, as described in the Term Loan Credit Agreement, to provide for a senior secured incremental term loan facility in an aggregate amount not to exceed the greater of (A) $75 million (less the aggregate amount of (1) any increases in the maximum revolver amount under the existing Credit Agreement and (2) certain permitted indebtedness incurred for the purpose of prepaying or repurchasing the Notes) and (B) an amount such that the senior secured leverage ratio would not be greater than 3.0 to 1.0, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from any one or more lenders, whether or not currently party to the Term Loan Credit Agreement, to provide such increased amounts, and (iii) amending certain negative covenants. The senior secured leverage ratio is defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement and reflects a ratio of consolidated net total secured indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA. Furthermore, on February 24, 2017, we entered into Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 3”). As of February 24, 2017, there was $189.5 million of the Tranche B-2 Loans outstanding. Under Amendment No. 3, the lenders agreed to provide term loans in the same aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Tranche B-2 Loans (the “Tranche B-3 Loans”), which were used to refinance the outstanding Tranche B-2 Loans. The Tranche B-3 Loans shall amortize in equal quarterly installments in aggregate amounts equal to 0.25% of the initial principal amount of the Tranche B-3 Loans, with the balance payable at maturity, and will bear interest at a rate, at the Company’s election, equal to (i) LIBOR (subject to a floor of 0%) plus a margin of 2.75% or (ii) a base rate (subject to a floor of 0%) plus a margin of 1.75%. Amendment No. 3 also provides for a 1% prepayment premium applicable in the event we enter into a refinancing of, or amendment in respect of, the Tranche B-3 Loans on or prior to the six month anniversary of the effective date of Amendment No. 3 that, in either case, results in the all-in yield (including, for purposes of such determination, the applicable interest rate, margin, original issue discount, upfront fees and interest rate floors, but excluding any customary arrangement, structuring, commitment or underwriting fees) of such refinancing or amendment being less than the all-in yield (determined on the same basis) on the Tranche B-3 Loans. Except as amended by Amendment No. 3, the remaining terms of the Credit Agreement remain in full force and effect. The Term Loan Credit Agreement, as amended, is guaranteed by the Term Guarantors and is secured by (i) first-priority liens on and security interests in the Term Priority Collateral, and (ii) second-priority security interests in the Revolver Priority Collateral. In addition, the Term Loan Credit Agreement, as amended, contains customary covenants limiting our ability to, among other things, pay cash dividends, incur debt or liens, redeem or repurchase stock, enter into transactions with affiliates, merge, dissolve, pay off subordinated indebtedness, make investments and dispose of assets. Subject to the terms of the Intercreditor Agreement, if the covenants under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, as amended, are breached, the lenders may, subject to various customary cure rights, require the immediate payment of all amounts outstanding and foreclose on collateral. Other customary events of default in the Term Loan Credit Agreement, as amended, include, without limitation, failure to pay obligations when due, initiation of insolvency proceedings, defaults on certain other indebtedness, and the incurrence of certain judgments that are not stayed, satisfied, bonded or discharged within 60 days. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, under the Term Loan Credit Agreement we paid interest of $8.3 million, $8.5 million and $10.0 million, respectively, and principal of $1.9 million, $1.4 million and $42.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, we had $189.5 million outstanding under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, of which $1.9 million was classified as current on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 we incurred charges of approximately $0.2 million, $0.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively, for amortization of fees and original issuance discount which is included in Interest Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Cash Flow 2016 compared to 2015 Cash provided by operating activities for 2016 totaled $178.8 million, compared to $131.8 million in 2015. The cash provided by operations during the current year period was the result of net income adjusted for various non-cash activities, including depreciation, amortization, gain (loss) on the sale of assets, deferred taxes, loss on debt extinguishment, stock-based compensation, accretion of debt discount and impairment of goodwill and intangibles, 44 of $179.4 million, and a $0.7 million increase in our working capital. Changes in key working capital accounts for 2016 and 2015 are summarized below (in thousands): Source (Use) of cash: Accounts receivable Inventories Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Net (use) source of cash 2016 $ $ $ $ (809) 24,969 (13,002) 11,158 2015 (17,618) 10,162 (12,243) (19,699) $ $ $ $ Change $ $ $ $ 16,809 14,807 (759) 30,857 Accounts receivable increased by $0.8 million in 2016 as compared to an increase of $17.6 million in the prior year period. Days sales outstanding, a measure of working capital efficiency that measures the amount of time a receivable is outstanding, increased to approximately 30 days as of December 31, 2016, compared to 25 days in 2015. The increase in accounts receivable for 2016 was primarily the result of the timing of shipments. Inventory decreased by $25.0 million during 2016 as compared to a decrease of $10.2 million in 2015. The decrease in inventory for the 2016 period was primarily due to lower finished goods inventories as customer shipments exceeded production, and lower raw materials inventories due to improved inventory management and expected lower demand volume for January 2017 as compared to January 2016. Our inventory turns, a commonly used measure of working capital efficiency that measures how quickly inventory turns per year was approximately 8 times in 2016 and 2015. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities decreased by $13.0 million in 2016 compared to a decrease of $12.2 million for 2015. The decrease in 2016 was primarily due to timing of production and a decrease in accruals pertaining to employee salaries and related incentive compensation. Days payable outstanding, a measure of working capital efficiency that measures the amount of time a payable is outstanding, was 16 days in 2016 and 2015. Investing activities used $17.3 million during 2016 compared to $7.6 million used in 2015. Investing activities for 2016 include capital expenditures to support growth and improvement initiatives at our facilities totaling $20.3 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of certain branch location assets totaling $3.0 million. Cash used in investing activities in 2015 was primarily related to capital expenditures totaling $20.8 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment totaling $13.2 million, which was comprised primarily of the sale of our former Retail branch real estate. Financing activities used $176.8 million during 2016, primarily due to the repurchases of common stock through our share repurchase program totaling $77.0 million and repurchase of Notes totaling $98.9 million, excluding accrued interest. Financing activities used $91.4 million during 2015 primarily due to the repurchases of common stock through our share repurchase program totaling $60.1 million, repurchase of Notes totaling $22.9 million, excluding accrued interest, principal payments under existing debt and capital lease obligations of $6.1 million, and debt issuance costs of $2.6 million in relation to amendments to our Term Loan Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2016, our liquidity position, defined as cash on hand and available borrowing capacity, amounted to $333.0 million, representing a decrease of $14.9 million from December 31, 2015. Total debt and capital lease obligations amounted to $237.8 million as of December 31, 2016. As we continue to see a strong demand environment within the trailer industry and excellence in operational performance across both of our business segments, we believe our liquidity is adequate to fund our currently planned operations, working capital needs and capital expenditures for 2017. 2015 compared to 2014 Cash provided by operating activities for 2015 totaled $131.8 million, compared to $92.6 million in 2014. The cash provided by operations during the 2015 period was the result of net income adjusted for various non-cash activities, including depreciation, amortization, gain (loss) on the sale of assets, deferred taxes, loss on debt extinguishment, stock-based compensation, accretion of debt discount and impairment of intangibles, of $148.4 million, partially offset by a $16.6 million increase in our working capital. Changes in key working capital accounts for 2015 and 2014 are summarized below (in thousands): 45 Source (Use) of cash: Accounts receivable Inventories Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Net (use) source of cash 2015 (17,618) 10,162 (12,243) (19,699) $ $ $ $ 2014 (14,848) 3,116 (26,787) (38,519) $ $ $ $ Change $ $ $ $ (2,770) 7,046 14,544 18,820 Accounts receivable increased by $17.6 million in 2015 as compared to an increase of $14.8 million in the prior year period. Days sales outstanding, a measure of working capital efficiency that measures the amount of time a receivable is outstanding, increased to approximately 25 days as of December 31, 2015, compared to 23 days in 2014. The increase in accounts receivable for 2015 was primarily the result of the timing of shipments and an 8.8% increase in our consolidated net sales compared to the prior year. Inventory decreased by $10.2 million during 2015 as compared to a decrease of $3.1 million in 2014. The decrease in inventory for the 2015 period was primarily due to lower finished goods inventories at December 31, 2015 as customer shipments exceeded production in 2015. Our inventory turns, a commonly used measure of working capital efficiency that measures how quickly inventory turns per year was approximately 8 times in 2015 compared to approximately 7 times in 2014. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities decreased by $12.2 million in 2015 compared to a decrease of $26.8 million for 2014. The decrease in 2015 was primarily due to timing of production, a decrease in deposits from customers for products not delivered as well as an increase in volume-based rebate incentives offered by our suppliers as compared to the prior year. Days payable outstanding, a measure of working capital efficiency that measures the amount of time a payable is outstanding, was 16 days in 2015 and 19 days for the 2014 period. Investing activities used $7.6 million during 2015 compared to $15.8 million used in 2014. Investing activities for 2015 include capital expenditures to support growth and improvement initiatives at our facilities totaling $20.8 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment totaling $13.2 million, which was comprised primarily of the sale of our former Retail branch real estate. Cash used in investing activities in 2014 was primarily related to capital expenditures totaling $20.0 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of certain former retail branch location assets totaling $4.1 million. Financing activities used $91.4 million during 2015, primarily due to the repurchases of common stock through our share repurchase program totaling $60.1 million and repurchase of Notes totaling $22.9 million, excluding accrued interest, principal payments under existing debt and capital lease obligations of $6.1 million, and debt issuance costs of $2.6 million incurred in relation to Amendment No. 2 to our Term Loan Credit Agreement and the amendment to our Revolving Credit Agreement. Financing activities used $44.0 million during 2014 primarily due to principal payments under our term loan credit facility of approximately $42.1 million. As of December 31, 2015, our liquidity position, defined as cash on hand and available borrowing capacity, amounted to $347.9 million, representing an increase of $58.0 million from December 31, 2014. Total debt and capital lease obligations amounted to $315.6 million as of December 31, 2015. Capital Expenditures Capital spending amounted to $20.3 million for 2016 and is anticipated to be in the range of $30 million to $40 million for 2017. Capital spending for 2016 was primarily utilized to support maintenance, growth, and productivity improvement initiatives within our facilities. Off-Balance Sheet Transactions As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately $6.4 million in operating lease commitments. We did not enter into any material off-balance sheet debt or operating lease transactions during the year. Outlook The demand environment for trailers remained healthy throughout 2016, as evidenced by our strong backlog, a trailer demand forecast by industry forecasters significantly above replacement demand levels for the next several years and our ability to increase prices to improve and recapture lost margins. Recent estimates from industry analysts, ACT Research Company (“ACT”) and FTR Associates (“FTR”), forecast demand for 2017 and beyond to remain strong. ACT currently estimates demand to be approximately 261,000 trailers for 2017, 46 representing a decrease of 9.1% as compared to 2016, and forecasting continued strong demand levels into the foreseeable future with estimated annual average demand for the four year period ending 2021 to be approximately 257,000 new trailers. FTR anticipates new trailer demand to be approximately 255,000 new trailers in 2017, representing a decrease of 9.6% as compared to 2016 while projecting a year over year increase in 2018 with demand totaling 265,000 trailers. In spite of strong forecasted demand, there remain downside risks relating to issues with both the domestic and global economies, including housing, energy, and construction-related markets in the U.S. Other potential risks as we proceed into 2017 will primarily relate to our ability to effectively manage our manufacturing operations as well as the cost and supply of raw materials, commodities and components. Significant increases in the cost of certain commodities, raw materials or components could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. As has been our practice, we will endeavor to pass raw material and component price increases to our customers in addition to continuing our cost management and hedging activities in an effort to minimize the risk changes in material costs could have on our operating results. In addition, we rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain key components and raw materials in the manufacturing of our products, including tires, landing gear, axles, suspensions aluminum extrusions and specialty steel coil. At the current and expected demand levels, there may be shortages of supplies of raw materials or components which would have an adverse impact on our ability to meet demand for our products. We believe we are well-positioned for long-term success in the trailer industry because: (1) our core customers are among the dominant participants in the trucking industry; (2) our DuraPlate® and other industry leading brand trailers continue to have a strong market acceptance; (3) our focus is on developing solutions that reduce our customers’ trailer maintenance and operating costs providing the best overall value; and (4) our presence throughout North America utilizing both our extensive independent dealer network and Company-owned branch locations to market and sell our products. Based on the published industry demand forecasts, customer feedback regarding their current requirements, our existing backlog of orders and our continued efforts to be selective in our order acceptance to ensure we obtain appropriate value for our products, we estimate that for the full year 2017 total new trailers sold will be between 51,000 and 55,000, which reflects trailer volumes 10% to 16% lower than 2016 demand levels and consistent with the decrease in demand as projected by industry forecasters for the overall trailer market. While our expectations for trailer volumes are similar to the demand levels forecasted by industry analysts, our commitment to maintain margins within our Commercial Trailer Products segment and the continued productivity, cost optimization initiatives, and exceptional operational excellence through all of our businesses, we expect to deliver solid results in 2017 despite a softer demand environment. We are not relying solely on strong new trailer volumes and price recovery to improve operations and enhance our profitability. We believe our corporate strategy to continue our transformation into a more diversified industrial manufacturer will provide us the opportunity to address new markets, enhance our financial profile and reduce the cyclicality within our business. While demand for some of these products is dependent on the development of new products, customer acceptance of our product solutions and the general expansion of our customer base and distribution channels, we remain committed to enhancing and diversifying our business model through the organic and strategic initiatives. Through our two operating segments we offer a wide array of products and customer-specific solutions that we believe provide a good foundation for achieving these goals. In addition, we have been and will continue to focus on driving ongoing improvements throughout the business, while developing innovative new products that both add value to our customers’ operations and allow us to continue to differentiate our products from the competition. 47 Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments A summary of payments of our contractual obligations and commercial commitments, both on and off balance sheet, as of December 31, 2016 are as follows (in thousands): DEBT: Revolving Facility (due 2020) $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total Convertible Senior Notes (due 2018) Term Loan Credit Facility (due 2022) Other Debt Capital Leases (including principal and interest) TOTAL DEBT OTHER: Operating Leases TOTAL OTHER - 1,928 540 605 48,951 1,928 135 461 - 1,928 - 361 - 1,928 - 361 - - 1,928 179,828 - 361 - 30 48,951 189,468 675 2,179 $ 3,073 $ 51,475 $ 2,289 $ 2,289 $ 2,289 $ 179,858 $ 241,273 $ 3,123 $ 2,027 $ 1,033 $ 211 $ 41 $ - $ 6,435 $ 3,123 $ 2,027 $ 1,033 $ 211 $ 41 $ - $ 6,435 OTHER COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS: Letters of Credit $ 5,442 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 5,442 Raw Material Purchase Commitments TOTAL OTHER COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS 57,818 - - - - - 57,818 $ 63,260 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 63,260 TOTAL OBLIGATIONS $ 69,456 $ 53,502 $ 3,322 $ 2,500 $ 2,330 $ 179,858 $ 310,968 Scheduled payments for our Credit Facility exclude interest payments as rates are variable. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a variable rate based on the London Interbank Offer Rate (LIBOR) or a base rate determined by the lender’s prime rate plus an applicable margin, as defined in the agreement. Outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate, at our election, equal to (i) LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.00% or (ii) a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.50% to 1.00%, in each case depending upon the monthly average excess availability under the Credit Facility. We are required to pay a monthly unused line fee equal to 0.25% times the average daily unused availability along with other customary fees and expenses of our agent and lenders. Scheduled payments for our Notes exclude interest payments that bear interest at the rate of 3.375% per annum from the date of issuance, payable semi-annually on May 1 and November 1. Scheduled payments for our Term Loan Credit Agreement, as amended, exclude interest payments as rates are variable. Borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, as amended, bear interest at a variable rate, at our election, equal to (i) LIBOR (subject to a floor of 1.00%) plus a margin of 3.25% or (ii) a base rate plus a margin of 2.25%. The Term Loan Credit Agreement matures in March 2022, but provides for an accelerated maturity in the event our outstanding Notes are not converted, redeemed, repurchased or refinanced in full on or before the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity date thereof and we are not then maintaining, and continue to maintain until the Notes are converted, redeemed, repurchased or refinanced in full, liquidity of at least $125 million. Capital leases represent future minimum lease payments including interest. Operating leases represent the total future minimum lease payments. We have standby letters of credit totaling $5.4 million issued in connection with workers compensation claims and surety bonds. We have $57.8 million in purchase commitments through December 2017 for various raw material commodities, including aluminum, steel and nickel as well as other raw material components that are within normal production requirements. 48 Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements. Certain of our accounting policies require the application of significant judgment by management in selecting the appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates. By their nature, these judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. These judgments are based on our historical experience, terms of existing contracts, evaluation of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if it requires us to make assumptions about matters that were uncertain at the time we were making the estimate or changes in the estimate or different estimates that we could have selected would have had a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. The table below presents information about the nature and rationale for our critical accounting estimates: Balance Sheet Caption Critical Estimate Item Nature of Estimates Required Assumptions/ Approaches Used Other accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities Warranty Accounts receivable Allowance for doubtful accounts Estimating warranty requires us to forecast the resolution of existing claims and expected future claims on products sold. Estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts requires us to estimate the financial capability of customers to pay for products. We base our estimate on historical trends of trailers sold and payment amounts, combined with our current understanding of the status of existing claims, recall campaigns and discussions with our customers. We base our estimates on historical experience, the length of time an account is outstanding, evaluation of customer’s financial condition and information from credit rating services. Key Factors Failure rates and estimated repair costs Customer financial condition Inventories Lower of cost or market write- downs We evaluate future demand for products, market conditions and incentive programs. Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, goodwill and other assets Impairment of long- lived assets We are required periodically to review the recoverability of certain of our assets based on projections of anticipated future cash flows, including future profitability assessments of various product lines. Estimates are based on recent sales data, historical experience, external market analysis and third party appraisal services. Market conditions Product type We estimate cash flows using internal budgets based on recent sales data, and independent trailer production volume to assist with estimating future demand. Future production estimates In addition, there are other items within our financial statements that require estimation, but are not as critical as those discussed above. Changes in estimates used in these and other items could have a significant effect on our consolidated financial statements. The determination of the fair market value of our finished goods, primarily consisting of new trailers, and used trailer inventories are subject to variation, particularly in times of rapidly changing market conditions. A 5% change in the valuation of our finished goods and used trailer inventories at December 31, 2016, would be approximately $3.0 million. Other Inflation We have historically been able to offset the impact of rising costs through productivity improvements as well as selective price increases. As a result, inflation has not had, and is not expected to have, a significant impact on our business. 49 New Accounting Pronouncements For information related to new accounting standards, see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. ITEM 7A—QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK In addition to the risks inherent in our operations, we have exposure to financial and market risk resulting from volatility in commodity prices and interest rates. The following discussion provides additional detail regarding our exposure to these risks. a. Commodity Prices We are exposed to fluctuation in commodity prices through the purchase of various raw materials that are processed from commodities such as aluminum, steel, lumber, nickel, copper and polyethylene. Given the historical volatility of certain commodity prices, this exposure can significantly impact product costs. We manage some of our commodity price changes by entering into fixed price contracts with our suppliers. As of December 31, 2016, we had $57.8 million in raw material purchase commitments through December 2017 for materials that will be used in the production process, as compared to $72.4 million as of December 31, 2015. We typically do not set prices for our products more than 45-90 days in advance of our commodity purchases and can, subject to competitive market conditions, take into account the cost of the commodity in setting our prices for each order. To the extent that we are unable to offset the increased commodity costs in our product prices, our results would be materially and adversely affected. b. Interest Rates As of December 31, 2016, we had no floating rate debt outstanding under our revolving facility and for 2016 we maintained no floating rate borrowing under our revolving facility. As of December 31, 2016, we had outstanding borrowings under our Term Loan Credit Agreement, as amended, totaling $189.5 million that bear interest at a floating rate, subject to a minimum interest rate. Based on the average borrowings under our revolving facility and the outstanding indebtedness under our Term Loan Credit Agreement a hypothetical 100 basis-point change in the floating interest rate would result in a corresponding change in interest expense over a one-year period of $1.5 million. This sensitivity analysis does not account for the change in the competitive environment indirectly related to the change in interest rates and the potential managerial action taken in response to these changes. c. Foreign Exchange Rates We are subject to fluctuations in the British pound sterling and Mexican peso exchange rates that impact transactions with our foreign subsidiaries, as well as U.S. denominated transactions between these foreign subsidiaries and unrelated parties. A five percent change in the British pound sterling or Mexican peso exchange rates would have an immaterial impact on results of operations. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. 50 ITEM 8—FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm .......................................................... Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 ................................................ Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 ........................................................................................................................................ Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 ........................................................................................................................ Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 ........................................................................................................................ Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 ........................................................................................................................................ Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ................................................................................. Pages 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 51 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Wabash National Corporation: We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Wabash National Corporation as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Wabash National Corporation at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Wabash National Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 27, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. /s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP Indianapolis, Indiana February 27, 2017 52 WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Dollars in thousands) ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable Inventories Deferred income taxes Prepaid expenses and other Total current assets PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT DEFERRED INCOME TAXES GOODWILL INTANGIBLE ASSETS OTHER ASSETS LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES Current portion of long-term debt Current portion of capital lease obligations Accounts payable Other accrued liabilities Total current liabilities LONG-TERM DEBT CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS DEFERRED INCOME TAXES OTHER NONCURRENT LIABILITIES COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Common stock 200,000,000 shares authorized, $0.01 par value, 60,129,631 and 64,929,510 shares outstanding, respectively Additional paid-in capital Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) Accumulated other comprehensive loss Treasury stock at cost, 12,474,109 and 6,638,643 common shares, respectively Total stockholders' equity December 31, 2016 2015 $ 163,467 $ 178,853 153,634 139,953 - 24,351 152,824 166,982 22,431 8,417 $ 481,405 $ 529,507 134,138 20,343 148,367 94,405 20,075 140,438 1,358 149,718 114,616 14,033 $ 898,733 $ 949,670 $ 2,468 $ 37,611 494 71,338 92,314 806 79,618 93,042 $ 166,614 $ 211,077 233,465 274,885 1,409 499 24,355 725 640,883 3,591 (2,847) (169,961) 1,875 1,497 20,525 715 642,908 (111,907) (1,500) (90,405) $ 472,391 $ 439,811 $ 898,733 $ 949,670 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Statements. 53 WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) NET SALES COST OF SALES Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 $ 1,845,444 $ 2,027,489 $ 1,863,315 1,519,910 1,724,046 1,630,681 Gross profit $ 325,534 $ 303,443 $ 232,634 GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 74,129 73,495 61,694 SELLING EXPENSES 27,270 27,233 26,676 AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLES 19,940 21,259 21,878 OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES 1,663 1,087 - Income from operations $ 202,532 $ 180,369 $ 122,386 OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): Interest expense Other, net (15,663) (1,452) (19,548) 2,490 (22,165) (1,759) Income before income taxes $ 185,417 $ 163,311 $ 98,462 INCOME TAX EXPENSE 65,984 59,022 37,532 Net income $ 119,433 $ 104,289 $ 60,930 BASIC NET INCOME PER SHARE $ 1.87 $ 1.55 $ 0.88 DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE $ 1.82 $ 1.50 $ 0.85 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Statements. 54 WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Dollars in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 NET INCOME $ 119,433 $ 104,289 $ 60,930 Other comprehensive (loss) income: Foreign currency translation adjustment Total other comprehensive (loss) income (1,347) (1,347) (863) (863) (619) (619) COMPREHENSIVE INCOME $ 118,086 $ 103,426 $ 60,311 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Statements. 55 WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Dollars in thousands) Common Stock Shares Amount Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings (Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses Treasury Stock Total BALANCES, December 31, 2013 68,523,419 $ 705 $ 625,971 $ (277,128) $ (18) $ (27,151) $ 322,379 Net income for the year Foreign currency translation Stock-based compensation Stock repurchase Common stock issued in connection with: Stock option exercises - - 392,470 (113,203) 195,383 - - 4 - - - - 7,714 - 1,921 60,930 - - - - - (619) - - - - - - (1,497) 60,930 (619) 7,718 (1,497) - 1,921 BALANCES, December 31, 2014 68,998,069 $ 709 $ 635,606 $ (216,198) $ (637) $ (28,648) $ 390,832 Net income for the year Foreign currency translation Stock-based compensation Stock repurchase Equity component of convertible senior notes repurchase Common stock issued in connection with: Stock option exercises 396,389 (4,651,570) 186,622 4 2 10,006 (4,714) 2,010 104,291 (863) (61,757) 104,291 (863) 10,010 (61,757) (4,714) 2,012 BALANCES, December 31, 2015 64,929,510 $ 715 $ 642,908 $ (111,907) $ (1,500) $ (90,405) $ 439,811 Net income for the year Foreign currency translation Stock-based compensation Stock repurchase Equity component of convertible senior notes repurchase Common stock dividends Common stock issued in connection with: Stock option exercises 119,433 (1,347) 615,066 (5,832,387) 417,442 6 4 12,031 (18,883) 4,827 (3,935) (79,556) 119,433 (1,347) 12,037 (79,556) (18,883) (3,935) 4,831 BALANCES, December 31, 2016 60,129,631 $ 725 $ 640,883 $ 3,591 $ (2,847) $ (169,961) $ 472,391 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Statements. 56 WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Dollars in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation Amortization of intangibles Net loss (gain) on sale of property, plant and equipment Loss on debt extinguishment Deferred income taxes Stock-based compensation Non-cash interest expense Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles Changes in operating assets and liabilities Accounts receivable Inventories Prepaid expenses and other Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Other, net Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ 119,433 $ 104,289 $ 60,930 16,830 19,940 101 1,895 4,044 12,038 3,475 1,663 (809) 24,969 (10,147) (13,002) (1,680) 16,739 21,259 (8,299) 5,808 (7,749) 10,010 5,222 1,087 (17,618) 10,162 1,786 (12,243) 1,342 16,951 21,878 13 1,042 16,573 7,833 5,994 (14,848) 3,116 (571) (26,787) 511 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 178,750 $ 131,795 $ 92,635 Cash flows from investing activities Capital expenditures Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment Other Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from exercise of stock options Borrowings under revolving credit facilities Payments under revolving credit facilities Principal payments under capital lease obligations Proceeds from issuance of term loan credit facility Principal payments under term loan credit facility Principal payments under industrial revenue bond Debt issuance costs paid Convertible senior notes repurchase Stock repurchase Net cash used in financing activities Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information Cash paid during the period for Interest Income taxes (20,342) 19 3,014 (20,847) 13,203 - (19,957) 87 4,113 $ (17,309) $ (7,644) $ (15,757) 4,831 618 (618) (779) - (1,928) (473) - (98,922) (79,556) (176,827) $ 2,012 1,134 (1,134) (4,201) 192,845 (194,291) (496) (2,587) (22,936) (61,757) (91,411) $ 1,921 806 (806) (1,898) - (42,078) (475) - - (1,497) (44,027) $ $ $ (15,386) 178,853 163,467 $ 32,740 146,113 178,853 $ $ 32,851 113,262 146,113 $ $ $ 12,656 68,870 $ $ 14,578 66,283 $ $ 16,136 20,220 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Statements. 57 WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS Wabash National Corporation (the “Company,” “Wabash” or “Wabash National”) manufactures a diverse range of products including: dry freight and refrigerated trailers, platform trailers, bulk tank trailers, dry and refrigerated truck bodies, truck-mounted tanks, intermodal equipment, aircraft refueling equipment, structural composite panels and products, trailer aerodynamic solutions, and specialty food grade and pharmaceutical equipment. Its innovative products are sold under the following brand names: Wabash National®, Beall®, Benson®, Brenner® Tank, Bulk Tank International, DuraPlate®, Extract Technology®, Garsite, Progress Tank, Transcraft®, Walker Engineered Products, and Walker Transport. 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES a. Basis of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements reflect the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany profits, transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. b. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that directly affect the amounts reported in its consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. c. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of its products when the customer has made a fixed commitment to purchase a product for a fixed or determinable price, collection is reasonably assured under the Company’s normal billing and credit terms and ownership and all risk of loss has been transferred to the buyer, which is normally upon shipment to or pick up by the customer. Revenues on certain contracts are recorded on a percentage of completion method, measured by actual total cost incurred to the total estimated costs for each project. Revenues exclude all taxes collected from the customer. Shipping and handling fees are included in Net Sales and the associated costs included in Cost of Sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. d. Used Trailer Trade Commitments and Residual Value Guarantees In the normal course of business, the Company may accept used trailers on trade for new trailer purchases. These commitments arise related to future new trailer orders at the time a new trailer order is placed by the customer. The Company acquired used trailers on trade of $4.6 million, $12.8 million, and $26.8 million in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had no outstanding trade commitments, and $2.1 million in outstanding trade commitments as of December 31, 2015. On occasion, the amount of the trade allowance provided for in the used trailer commitments, or cost, may exceed the net realizable value of the underlying used trailer. In these instances, the Company’s policy is to recognize the loss related to these commitments at the time the new trailer revenue is recognized. Net realizable value of used trailers is measured considering market sales data for comparable types of trailers. The net realizable value of the used trailers subject to the remaining outstanding trade commitments was estimated by the Company to be $0.0 million and $10.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. e. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase. 58 f. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are shown net of allowance for doubtful accounts and primarily include trade receivables. The Company records and maintains a provision for doubtful accounts for customers based upon a variety of factors including the Company’s historical collection experience, the length of time the account has been outstanding and the financial condition of the customer. If the circumstances related to specific customers were to change, the Company’s estimates with respect to the collectability of the related accounts could be further adjusted. The Company’s policy is to write-off receivables when they are determined to be uncollectible. Provisions to the allowance for doubtful accounts are charged to Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The following table presents the changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts (in thousands): Balance at beginning of year Provision Write-offs, net of recoveries Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 $ 1,047 145 (236) $ 2,058 178 (1,189) 2016 $ 956 117 (122) Balance at end of year $ 951 $ 956 $ 1,047 g. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on either the first-in, first-out or average cost method, or market. The cost of manufactured inventory includes raw material, labor and overhead. Inventories consist of the following (in thousands): Finished goods Raw materials and components Work in progress Aftermarket parts Used trailers h. Prepaid Expenses and Other December 31, $ 2016 57,297 53,388 18,422 8,356 2,490 $ 2015 67,260 65,790 18,201 8,714 7,017 $ 139,953 $ 166,982 Prepaid expenses and other as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $24.4 million and $8.4 million, respectively. The balances as of December 31, 2016 include $5.8 million of assets held for sale related to three of the Company’s former branch locations. Prepaid expenses and other for both periods include items such as insurance premiums, maintenance agreements, and income tax and other receivables. Insurance premiums and maintenance agreements are charged to expense over the contractual life, which is generally one year or less. Additionally, costs in excess of billings on contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue on a percentage of completion basis are included in this category. i. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, while expenditures that extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets. The estimated useful lives are up to 33 years for buildings and building improvements and range from three to ten years for machinery and equipment. Depreciation expense, which is recorded in Cost of Sales and General and Administrative Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, as appropriate, on property, plant and equipment was $15.9 million, $16.0 million, and $16.5 million in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively, and includes amortization of assets recorded in connection with the Company’s capital lease agreements. As of December 31, 59 2016 and 2015, the assets related to the Company’s capital lease agreements are recorded within Property, Plant and Equipment in the Consolidated Balance Sheet for the amount of $4.3 million and $5.0 million, respectively, net of accumulated depreciation of $1.9 million and $2.6 million, respectively. Property, plant and equipment consist of the following (in thousands): Land Buildings and building improvements Machinery and equipment Construction in progress Less: accumulated depreciation j. Intangible Assets December 31, 2016 $ 20,958 110,789 231,094 12,116 $ 374,957 (240,819) $ 134,138 2015 $ 22,978 114,216 220,814 13,741 $ 371,749 (231,311) $ 140,438 As of December 31, 2016, the balances of intangible assets, other than goodwill, were as follows (in thousands): Tradenames and trademarks Customer relationships Technology Total Weighted Average Amortization Period 20 years 10 years 12 years Gross Intangible Assets $ Accumulated Amortization $ Net Intangible Assets $ 37,894 151,090 16,517 205,501 (11,864) (92,686) (6,546) (111,096) $ $ $ 26,030 58,404 9,971 94,405 As of December 31, 2015, the balances of intangible assets, other than goodwill, were as follows (in thousands): Tradenames and trademarks Customer relationships Technology Total Weighted Average Amortization Period 20 years 10 years 12 years Gross Intangible Assets $ Accumulated Amortization $ Net Intangible Assets $ 37,894 151,634 16,517 206,045 (9,970) (76,340) (5,119) (91,429) 27,924 75,294 11,398 114,616 $ $ $ Intangible asset amortization expense was $19.9 million, $21.3 million, and $21.9 million for 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. Annual intangible asset amortization expense for the next 5 fiscal years is estimated to be $16.9 million in 2017; $15.4 million in 2018; $14.5 million in 2019; $13.7 million in 2020; and $12.0 million in 2021. k. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over fair value of the net assets acquired. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment, at the reporting unit level, annually on October 1 and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate its carrying value may not be recoverable. In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, goodwill is reviewed for impairment utilizing either a qualitative assessment or a two-step quantitative process. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. In assessing the qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company assesses relevant events and 60 circumstances that may impact the fair value and the carrying amount of the reporting unit. The identification of relevant events and circumstances and how these may impact a reporting unit's fair value or carrying amount involve The judgments and assumptions include the identification of significant judgments and assumptions. macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance and Company specific events and making the assessment on whether each relevant factor will impact the impairment test positively or negatively and the magnitude of any such impact. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. For reporting units in which the Company performs the two-step quantitative analysis, the first step compares the carrying value, including goodwill, of each reporting unit with its estimated fair value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, the goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying value is greater than the fair value, this suggests that an impairment may exist and a second step is required in which the implied fair value of goodwill is calculated as the excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the fair values assigned to its assets and liabilities. If this implied fair value is less than the carrying value, the difference is recognized as an impairment loss charged to the reporting unit. In assessing goodwill using this quantitative approach, the Company establishes fair value for the purpose of impairment testing by averaging the fair value using an income and market approach. The income approach employs a discounted cash flow model incorporating similar pricing concepts used to calculate fair value in an acquisition due diligence process and a discount rate that takes into account the Company’s estimated average cost of capital. The market approach employs market multiples based on comparable publicly traded companies in similar industries as the reporting unit. Estimates of fair value are established using current and forward multiples adjusted for size and performance of the reporting unit relative to peer companies. During the second quarter of 2016, with the realignment of the Company’s reporting segments, the Company performed an analysis to determine the allocations of goodwill and test for impairment. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that the portion of goodwill allocated to the retail branch operations was impaired as the fair value of the reporting unit did not exceed its carrying value resulting in an impairment charge for the Commercial Trailer Products reporting segment of $1.7 million. In the fourth quarter of 2016 and 2014, the Company completed its goodwill impairment test using the quantitative assessment. Furthermore, for 2015, the Company completed its goodwill impairment testing during the fourth quarter using the qualitative approach. Based on the testing performed in each of these years, the Company believed it was more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting units were greater than their carrying amount and no additional impairment of goodwill was recognized. Additionally, in 2014, the Company’s former retail reporting unit recognized a partial disposal of goodwill in the amount of $0.5 million resulting from the transitioning of three retail branch locations to independent dealer facilities during the second quarter of 2014. The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill, all of which are included in the Company’s Diversified Products segment as of December 31, 2016, except for approximately $2.6 million allocated to the Company’s Commercial Trailer Products segment, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands): 2016 2015 Balance as of January 1 $ 149,718 $ 149,603 Effects of foreign currency Impairment of goodwill 312 (1,663) 115 - Balance as of December 31 $ 148,367 $ 149,718 l. Other Assets The Company capitalizes the cost of computer software developed or obtained for internal use. Capitalized software is amortized using the straight-line method over three to seven years. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had software costs, net of amortization, of $5.4 million and $2.7 million, respectively. Amortization expense for 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $1.0 million, $0.7 million, and $0.5 million, respectively. 61 m. Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, consisting primarily of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Specifically, this process involves comparing an asset’s carrying value to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows the asset is expected to generate over its remaining life. If this process were to result in the conclusion that the carrying value of a long-lived asset would not be recoverable, a write-down of the asset to fair value would be recorded through a charge to operations. Fair value is determined based upon discounted cash flows or appraisals as appropriate. n. Other Accrued Liabilities The following table presents the major components of Other Accrued Liabilities (in thousands): Payroll and related taxes Warranty Customer deposits Self-insurance Accrued taxes All other December 31, $ 2016 26,793 20,520 19,302 8,387 6,400 10,912 $ 2015 34,427 19,709 14,877 7,677 8,075 8,277 $ 92,314 $ 93,042 The following table presents the changes in the product warranty accrual included in Other Accrued Liabilities (in thousands): Balance as of January 1 Provision for warranties issued in current year Provision for (Recovery of) pre-existing warranties Payments $ 2016 19,709 6,601 560 (6,350) $ 2015 15,462 9,714 (409) (5,058) Balance as of December 31 $ 20,520 $ 19,709 The Company offers a limited warranty for its products with a coverage period that ranges between one and five years, except that the coverage period for DuraPlate® trailer panels is ten years. The Company passes through component manufacturers’ warranties to its customers. The Company’s policy is to accrue the estimated cost of warranty coverage at the time of the sale. The following table presents the changes in the self-insurance accrual included in Other Accrued Liabilities (in thousands): Balance as of January 1 Expense Payments Balance as of December 31 2016 $ 7,677 41,470 (40,760) $ 8,387 2015 $ 7,494 40,023 (39,840) $ 7,677 The Company is self-insured up to specified limits for medical and workers’ compensation coverage. The self-insurance reserves have been recorded to reflect the undiscounted estimated liabilities, including claims incurred but not reported, as well as catastrophic claims as appropriate. 62 o. Income Taxes The Company determines its provision or benefit for income taxes under the asset and liability method. The asset and liability method measures the expected tax impact at current enacted rates of future taxable income or deductions resulting from differences in the tax and financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Future tax benefits of tax losses and credit carryforwards are recognized as deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent management determines that it is more-likely-than-not the Company would not realize the value of these assets. The Company accounts for income tax contingencies by prescribing a “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold that a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. p. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and customer receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high quality financial institutions. Generally, the Company does not require collateral or other security to support customer receivables. q. Research and Development Research and development expenses are charged to earnings as incurred and were $6.4 million, $4.8 million and $1.7 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. r. New Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605, Revenue. Furthermore, the FASB issued additional amendments and technical corrections related to ASU 2014-09 during 2016, which are considered in our evaluation of this standard. This ASU is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. The effective date of these standards will be the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 using one of two retrospective application methods. The Company is currently developing an implementation plan to adopt this new standard and in the process of reviewing a majority of its revenue streams and the related performance obligations and pricing arrangements. In addition, the Company is also evaluating contractual terms, such as customer acceptance clauses, payment terms, shipping instructions, and timing of shipments, against the new standards to determine the impact on the Company’s financial statements. As part of this plan, the Company is evaluating which method to apply and assessing the potential impact of the adoption on its financial statements and related disclosures. The Company expects to conclude this evaluation in 2017. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern, which requires management to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and provide related footnote disclosures. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted the guidance in 2016 and, as a result, this standard did not have a material impact on its financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Imputation of Interest. Also, in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-15, Imputation of Interest, Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Agreements. These ASUs simplified the presentation of debt issuance costs to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of debt liability, consistent with debt discounts or premiums. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by these ASUs. Furthermore, ASU No. 2015-15 provided authoritative guidance permitting an entity to defer and present debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings 63 on the line-of-credit arrangement. These ASUs were effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and required a retrospective approach. The Company adopted the guidance in 2016 and, as a result, it did not have a material impact on financial statements. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. This ASU, which applies to inventory that is measured using any method other than the last-in, first-out (LIFO) or retail inventory method, requires that entities measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016 and should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company adopted the guidance in 2016 and, as a result, this standard did not have a material impact on its financial statements. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This amendment changes how deferred taxes are recognized by eliminating the requirement of presenting deferred tax liabilities and assets as current and noncurrent on the balance sheet. Instead, the requirement will be to classify all deferred tax liabilities and assets as noncurrent. ASU 2015-17 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period, with earlier adoption permitted. ASU 2015-17 can be adopted either prospectively or retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company adopted ASU 2015-17 prospectively beginning with the first quarter of 2016 and deferred income taxes are now presented as non-current. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This update requires lessees to recognize, on the balance sheet, assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases of greater than twelve months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. This guidance will be effective for the Company as of January 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition method is required. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which changed the accounting for certain aspects of employee share-based payments. The ASU requires companies to recognize additional tax benefits or expenses related to the vesting or settlement of employee share-based awards (the difference between the actual tax benefit and the tax benefit initially recognized for financial reporting purposes) as income tax benefit or expense in earnings, rather than in additional paid-in capital, in the reporting period in which they occur. The ASU also requires companies to classify cash flows resulting from employee share-based payments, including the additional tax benefits or expenses related to the vesting or settlement of share-based awards, as cash flows from operating activities rather than financing activities. Although this change will reduce some of the administrative complexities of tracking share-based awards, it will increase the volatility of our income tax expense and cash flows from operations. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted the ASU during the fourth quarter of 2016 and are therefore required to report the impacts as though the ASU had been adopted on January 1, 2016. Accordingly, the Company recognized an immaterial income tax benefit as an increase to earnings during the year ended December 31, 2016. Additionally, the Company recognized additional income tax benefits as an increase to operating cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2016. The new accounting standard did not impact any periods prior to January 1, 2016, as the Company applied the changes in the ASU on a prospective basis. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Restricted Cash, which requires entities to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. When cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are presented in more than one item on the balance sheet, a reconciliation of the totals in the statement of cash flows to the related captions in the balance sheet is required. This guidance will be effective for the Company as of January 1, 2018. Entities will be required to apply the guidance retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. 3. PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK Per share results have been calculated based on the average number of common shares outstanding. The calculation of basic and diluted net income per share is determined using net income applicable to common 64 stockholders as the numerator and the number of shares included in the denominator as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts): Basic net income per share Net income applicable to common stockholders Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities Net income applicable to common stockholders excluding amounts applicable to participating securities Weighted average common shares outstanding Basic net income per share Diluted net income per share: Net income applicable to common stockholders Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities Net income applicable to common stockholders excluding amounts applicable to participating securities Years Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 $ 119,433 - $ 104,289 - $ 60,930 (481) $ 119,433 63,729 $ 104,289 67,201 $ 60,449 68,895 $ 1.87 $ 1.55 $ 0.88 $ 119,433 - $ 104,289 - $ 60,930 (481) $ 119,433 $ 104,289 $ 60,449 Weighted average common shares outstanding Dilutive shares from assumed conversion of convertible senior notes Dilutive stock options and restricted stock Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted net income per share 63,729 794 1,239 65,762 1.82 $ 67,201 1,128 1,039 69,368 1.50 $ 68,895 1,354 814 71,063 0.85 $ Average diluted shares outstanding for the periods ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 exclude options to purchase common shares totaling 503, 666 and 581, respectively, because the exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common shares. In addition, the calculation of diluted net income per share for each period includes the impact of the Company’s Notes as the average stock price of the Company’s common stock during these periods was above the initial conversion price of approximately $11.70 per share. 4. LEASE ARRANGEMENTS The Company leases office space, manufacturing, warehouse and service facilities and equipment for varying periods under both operating and capital lease agreements. Future minimum lease payments required under these lease commitments as of December 31, 2016 are as follows (in thousands): 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Capital Leases Operating Leases 605 460 361 361 361 30 3,123 2,027 1,033 211 41 - Total minimum lease payments $ 2,178 $ 6,435 Interest (276) Present value of net minimum lease payments $ 1,902 Total rental expense was $6.2 million, $6.2 million, and $5.8 million for 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. 65 5. DEBT Long-term debt consists of the following (in thousands): Convertible senior notes Term loan credit agreement Other debt Less: unamortized discount and fees Less: current portion December 31, 2016 $ 48,951 189,470 676 $ 239,097 (3,164) (2,468) December 31, 2015 $ 131,000 191,399 1,149 $ 323,548 (11,052) (37,611) $ 233,465 $ 274,885 Convertible Senior Notes In April 2012, the Company issued Convertible Senior Notes due 2018 (the “Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $150 million in a public offering. The Notes bear interest at a rate of 3.375% per annum from the date of issuance, payable semi-annually on May 1 and November 1. The Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company ranking equally with its existing and future senior unsecured debt. The Notes are convertible by their holders into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or any combination thereof at the Company’s election, at an initial conversion rate of 85.4372 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 in principal amount of Notes, which is equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $11.70 per share, only under the following circumstances: (A) before November 1, 2017 (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2012 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the indenture for the Notes) per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; and (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events as described in the indenture for the Notes; and (B) at any time on or after November 1, 2017 until the close of business on the second business day immediately preceding the maturity date. As of December 31, 2016, the Notes were not convertible based on the above criteria. If the Notes outstanding at December 31, 2016 were converted as of December 31, 2016, the if-converted value would exceed the principal amount by approximately $17 million. It is the Company’s intent to settle conversions through a net share settlement, which involves repayment of cash for the principal portion and delivery of shares of common stock for the excess of the conversion value over the principal portion. The Company used the net proceeds of $145.1 million from the sale of the Notes to fund a portion of the purchase price of the acquisition of Walker Group Holdings (“Walker”) in May 2012. The Company accounts separately for the liability and equity components of the Notes in accordance with authoritative guidance for convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion. The guidance required the carrying amount of the liability component to be estimated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated conversion feature. The Company determined that senior, unsecured corporate bonds traded on the market represent a similar liability to the Notes without the conversion option. Based on market data available for publicly traded, senior, unsecured corporate bonds issued by companies in the same industry and with similar maturity, the Company estimated the implied interest rate of the Notes to be 7.0%, assuming no conversion option. Assumptions used in the estimate represent what market participants would use in pricing the liability component, including market interest rates, credit standing, and yield curves, all of which are defined as Level 2 observable inputs (as defined below). The estimated implied interest rate was applied to the Notes, which resulted in a fair value of the liability component of $123.8 million upon issuance, calculated as the present value of implied future payments based on the $150.0 million aggregate principal amount. The $21.7 million difference between the cash proceeds before offering expenses of $145.5 million and the estimated fair value 66 of the liability component was recorded in additional paid-in capital. The discount on the liability portion of the Notes is being amortized over the life of the Notes using the effective interest rate method. During 2016 the Company executed multiple agreements with existing holders of the Notes to repurchase $82.0 million in principal of such Notes for $98.9 million, excluding accrued interest. Additionally, in December 2015, the Company acquired $19.0 million in principal for $22.9 million, excluding accrued interest. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of $1.9 million and $0.2 million, respectively, in connection with the repurchase activity, which was included in Other, net on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company applies the treasury stock method in calculating the dilutive impact of the Notes. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Notes had a dilutive impact. The following table summarizes information about the equity and liability components of the Notes (dollars in thousands). Principal amount of the Notes outstanding Unamortized discount and fees of liability component Net carrying amount of liability component Less: current portion Long-term debt Carrying value of equity component, net of issuance costs Remaining amortization period of discount on the liability component December 31, 2016 $ 48,951 (2,183) 46,768 - December 31, 2015 $ 131,000 (9,888) 121,112 (35,165) $ 46,768 $ 85,947 $ (3,971) 1.3 years $ 15,810 2.3 years Contractual coupon interest expense and accretion of discount and fees on the liability component for the Notes for years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 included in Interest Expense on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follow (in thousands): Contractual coupon interest expense Accretion of discount and fees on the liability component Revolving Credit Agreement Years Ended December 31, 2015 $ $ 5,063 4,324 3,198 2,902 2016 $ $ 2014 $ $ 5,063 4,037 In June 2015, the Company entered into a Joinder and First Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, First Amendment to Amended and Restated Security Agreement and First Amendment to Amended and Restated Guaranty Agreement (the “Amendment”) by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries designated as Loan Parties (as defined in the Amendment), Wells Fargo Capital Finance, LLC, as arranger and administrative agent (the “Agent”), and the other lenders party thereto. The Amendment amends, among other things, the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”), dated as of May 8, 2012, among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company from time to time party thereto (together with the Company, the “Borrowers”), the several lenders from time to time party thereto, and the Agent and provides for, among other things, a five year, $175 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). The Amendment, among other things, (i) increases the total commitments under the Credit Facility from $150 million to $175 million, and (ii) extends the maturity date of the Credit Facility from May 2017 to June 2020, but provides for an accelerated maturity in the event the Company’s outstanding Notes are not converted, redeemed, repurchased or refinanced in full on or before the date that is 121 days prior to the maturity date thereof and the Company is not then maintaining, and continues to maintain until the Notes are converted, redeemed, repurchased or refinanced in full, (x) Liquidity of at least $125 million and (y) availability under the Credit Facility of at least $25 million. Liquidity, as defined in the Credit Agreement, reflects the difference between (i) the sum of (A) unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and (B) availability under the Credit Facility and (ii) the amount necessary to fully redeem the Notes. 67  In addition, the Amendment (i) provides that borrowings under the Credit Facility will bear interest, at the Borrowers’ election, at (x) LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 150 basis points to 200 basis points (in lieu of the previous range from 175 basis points to 225 basis points), or (y) a base rate plus a margin ranging from 50 basis points to 100 basis points (in lieu of the previous range from 75 basis points to 125 basis points), in each case, based upon the monthly average excess availability under the Credit Facility, (ii) provides that the monthly unused line fee shall be equal to 25 basis points (which amount was previously 37.5 basis points) times the average unused availability under the Credit Facility, (iii) provides that if availability under the Credit Facility is less than 12.5% (which threshold was previously 15%) of the total commitment under the Credit Facility or if there exists an event of default, amounts in any of the Borrowers’ and the subsidiary guarantors’ deposit accounts (other than certain excluded accounts) will be transferred daily into a blocked account held by the Agent and applied to reduce the outstanding amounts under the Credit Facility, (iv) provides that the Company will be required to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.1 to 1.0 as of the end of any period of 12 fiscal months when excess availability under the Credit Facility is less than 10% (which threshold was previously 12.5%) of the total commitment under the Credit Facility and (v) amends certain negative covenants in the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement is guaranteed by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries (the “Revolver Guarantors”) and is secured by (i) first priority security interests (subject only to customary permitted liens and certain other permitted liens) in substantially all personal property of the Borrowers and the Revolver Guarantors, consisting of accounts receivable, inventory, cash, deposit and securities accounts and any cash or other assets in such accounts and, to the extent evidencing or otherwise related to such property, all general intangibles, licenses, intercompany debt, letter of credit rights, commercial tort claims, chattel paper, instruments, supporting obligations, documents and payment intangibles (collectively, the “Revolver Priority Collateral”), and (ii) second-priority liens on and security interests in (subject only to the liens securing the Term Loan Credit Agreement (as defined below), customary permitted liens and certain other permitted liens) (A) equity interests of each direct subsidiary held by the Borrower and each Revolver Guarantor (subject to customary limitations in the case of the equity of foreign subsidiaries), and (B) substantially all other tangible and intangible assets of the Borrowers and the Revolver Guarantors including equipment, general intangibles, intercompany notes, insurance policies, investment property, intellectual property and material owned real property (in each case, except to the extent constituting Revolver Priority Collateral) (collectively, the “Term Priority Collateral”). The respective priorities of the security interests securing the Credit Agreement and the Term Loan Credit Agreement are governed by an Intercreditor Agreement between the Revolver Agent and the Term Agent (as defined below) (the “Intercreditor Agreement”). Subject to the terms of the Intercreditor Agreement, if the covenants under the Credit Agreement are breached, the lenders may, subject to various customary cure rights, require the immediate payment of all amounts outstanding and foreclose on collateral. Other customary events of default in the Credit Agreement include, without limitation, failure to pay obligations when due, initiation of insolvency proceedings, defaults on certain other indebtedness, and the incurrence of certain judgments that are not stayed, satisfied, bonded or discharged within 30 days. As of December 31, 2016 the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement and was in compliance with all covenants. The Company’s liquidity position, defined as cash on hand and available borrowing capacity on the Credit Facility, amounted to $333.0 million as of December 31, 2016. Term Loan Credit Agreement In May 2012, the Company entered into a credit agreement among the Company, the several lenders from time to time party thereto, Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent, joint lead arranger and joint bookrunner (the “Term Agent”), and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as joint lead arranger and joint bookrunner (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”), which initially provided, among other things, for a senior secured term loan facility of $300 million. Also in May 2012, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries (the “Term Guarantors”) entered into a general continuing guarantee of the Company’s obligations under the Term Loan Credit Agreement in favor of the Term Agent (the “Term Guarantee”). In April 2013, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement (the “Amendment No. 1”), which became effective on May 9, 2013. As of the Amendment No. 1 date, there was $297.0 million of term loans outstanding under the Term Loan Credit Agreement (the “Initial Loans”), of which the Company paid $20.0 million in connection with Amendment No. 1. Under Amendment No. 1, the lenders agreed to provide to the Company term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $277.0 million, which were exchanged for and used to refinance the Initial Loans (the “Tranche B-1 Loans”). 68  In March 2015, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 2”). As of the Amendment No. 2 date, there was $192.8 million of the Tranche B-1 Loans outstanding. Under Amendment No. 2, the lenders agreed to provide to the Company term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $192.8 million (the “Tranche B-2 Loans”), which were used to refinance the outstanding Tranche B-1 Loans. The Tranche B-2 Loans mature in March 2022, but provide for an accelerated maturity in the event the Company’s outstanding Notes are not converted, redeemed, repurchased or refinanced in full on or before the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity date thereof and the Company is not then maintaining, and continues to maintain until the Notes are converted, redeemed, repurchased or refinanced in full, liquidity of at least $125 million. Liquidity, as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement, reflects the difference between (i) the sum of (A) unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and (B) the amount available and permitted to be drawn under the Company’s existing Credit Agreement and (ii) the amount necessary to fully redeem the Notes. The Tranche B-2 Loans shall amortize in equal quarterly installments in aggregate amounts equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount of the Tranche B-2 Loans, with the balance payable at maturity, and will bear interest at a rate, at the Company’s election, equal to (i) LIBOR (subject to a floor of 1.00%) plus a margin of 3.25% or (ii) a base rate plus a margin of 2.25%. Amendment No. 2 also amended the Term Loan Credit Agreement by (i) removing the maximum senior secured leverage ratio test, (ii) modifying the accordion feature, as described in the Term Loan Credit Agreement, to provide for a senior secured incremental term loan facility in an aggregate amount not to exceed the greater of (A) $75 million (less the aggregate amount of (1) any increases in the maximum revolver amount under the Company’s existing Credit Agreement and (2) certain permitted indebtedness incurred for the purpose of prepaying or repurchasing the Notes) and (B) an amount such that the senior secured leverage ratio would not be greater than 3.0 to 1.0, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from any one or more lenders, whether or not currently party to the Term Loan Credit Agreement, to provide such increased amounts, and (iii) amending certain negative covenants. The senior secured leverage ratio is defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement and reflects a ratio of consolidated net total secured indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA. Furthermore, on February 24, 2017, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 3”). As of February 24, 2017, there was $189.5 million of the Tranche B-2 Loans outstanding. Under Amendment No. 3, the lenders agreed to provide to the Company term loans in the same aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Tranche B-2 Loans (the “Tranche B-3 Loans”), which were used to refinance the outstanding Tranche B-2 Loans. The Tranche B-3 Loans shall amortize in equal quarterly installments in aggregate amounts equal to 0.25% of the initial principal amount of the Tranche B-3 Loans, with the balance payable at maturity, and will bear interest at a rate, at the Company’s election, equal to (i) LIBOR (subject to a floor of 0%) plus a margin of 2.75% or (ii) a base rate (subject to a floor of 0%) plus a margin of 1.75%. Amendment No. 3 also provides for a 1% prepayment premium applicable in the event that the Company enters into a refinancing of, or amendment in respect of, the Tranche B-3 Loans on or prior to the six month anniversary of the effective date of Amendment No. 3 that, in either case, results in the all-in yield (including, for purposes of such determination, the applicable interest rate, margin, original issue discount, upfront fees and interest rate floors, but excluding any customary arrangement, structuring, commitment or underwriting fees) of such refinancing or amendment being less than the all-in yield (determined on the same basis) on the Tranche B-3 Loans. Except as amended by Amendment No. 3, the remaining terms of the Credit Agreement remain in full force and effect. The Term Loan Credit Agreement, as amended, is guaranteed by the Term Guarantors and is secured by (i) first-priority liens on and security interests in the Term Priority Collateral, and (ii) second-priority security interests in the Revolver Priority Collateral. In addition, the Term Loan Credit Agreement, as amended, contains customary covenants limiting the Company’s ability to, among other things, pay cash dividends, incur debt or liens, redeem or repurchase stock, enter into transactions with affiliates, merge, dissolve, pay off subordinated indebtedness, make investments and dispose of assets. Subject to the terms of the Intercreditor Agreement, if the covenants under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, as amended, are breached, the lenders may, subject to various customary cure rights, require the immediate payment of all amounts outstanding and foreclose on collateral. Other customary events of default in the Term Loan Credit Agreement, as amended, include, without limitation, failure to pay obligations when due, initiation of insolvency proceedings, defaults on certain other indebtedness, and the incurrence of certain judgments that are not stayed, satisfied, bonded or discharged within 60 days. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, under the Term Loan Credit Agreement the Company paid interest of $8.3 million, $8.5 million and $10.0, respectively, and principal of $1.9 million, $1.4 69 million and $42.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had $189.5 million outstanding under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, of which $1.9 million was classified as current on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company incurred charges of approximately $0.2 million, $0.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively, for amortization of fees and original issuance discount which is included in Interest Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. 6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS The Company’s fair value measurements are based upon a three-level valuation hierarchy. These valuation techniques are based upon the transparency of inputs (observable and unobservable) to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy: (cid:2) Level 1 — Valuation is based on quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; (cid:2) Level 2 — Valuation is based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for the full term of the financial instrument; and (cid:2) Level 3 — Valuation is based upon other unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement. Recurring Fair Value Measurements The Company maintains a non-qualified deferred compensation plan which is offered to senior management and other key employees. The amount owed to participants is an unfunded and unsecured general obligation of the Company. Participants are offered various investment options with which to invest the amount owed to them, and the plan administrator maintains a record of the liability owed to participants by investment. To minimize the impact of the change in market value of this liability, the Company has elected to purchase a separate portfolio of investments through the plan administrator similar to those chosen by the participant. The investments purchased by the Company (asset) include mutual funds, $2.2 million of which are classified as Level 1, and life-insurance contracts valued based on the performance of underlying mutual funds, $10.4 million of which are classified as Level 2. Estimated Fair Value of Debt The estimated fair value of long-term debt at December 31, 2016 consists primarily of the Notes and borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement (see Note 3). The fair value of the Notes, the Term Loan Credit Agreement and the Credit Facility are based upon third party pricing sources, which generally do not represent daily market activity or represent data obtained from an exchange, and are classified as Level 2. The interest rates on the Company’s borrowings under the Credit Facility are adjusted regularly to reflect current market rates and thus carrying value approximates fair value for these borrowings. All other debt and capital lease obligations approximate their fair value as determined by discounted cash flows and are classified as Level 3. 70 The Company’s carrying and estimated fair value of debt at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows: Instrument Convertible senior notes Term loan credit agreement Other debt Capital lease obligations December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Carrying Value Level 1 Fair Value Level 2 Level 3 Carrying Value Level 1 Fair Value Level 2 Level 3 $ 46,768 188,540 653 1,875 $ 237,836 $ - $ - $ 69,721 - 189,470 - - - 653 - - 1,875 $ 2,528 $ - $ 259,191 $ 121,112 190,311 1,106 2,648 $ 315,177 $ - $ - $ 155,694 - 190,442 - - - 1,106 - - 2,648 $ 3,754 $ - $ 346,136 7. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY On February 1, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $100 million of its common stock over a two year period. Stock repurchases under this program may be made in open market or in private transactions at times and in amounts that management deems appropriate. As of December 31, 2016, $23.0 million remained available under the program. The Board of Directors has the authority to issue common and unclassed preferred stock of up to 200 million shares and 25 million shares, respectively, with par value of $0.01 per share as well as to fix dividends, voting and conversion rights, redemption provisions, liquidation preferences and other rights and restrictions. 8. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION In May 2011, the Company adopted and shareholders approved the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”). This plan provides for the issuance of stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and performance units to directors, officers and other eligible employees of the Company. The Omnibus Plan makes available approximately 7.5 million shares for issuance, subject to adjustments for stock dividends, recapitalizations and the like. The Company recognizes all share-based awards to eligible employees based upon their fair value. The Company’s policy is to recognize expense for awards that have service conditions only subject to graded vesting using the straight-line attribution method. Total stock-based compensation expense was $12.0 million, $10.0 million and $7.8 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The amount of compensation costs related to nonvested stock options and restricted stock not yet recognized was $12.0 million at December 31, 2016, for which the weighted average remaining life was 1.7 years. Stock Options Stock options are awarded with an exercise price equal to the market price of the underlying stock on the date of grant, become fully exercisable three years after the date of grant and expire ten years after the date of grant. No stock options were granted by the Company in 2016. The fair value of stock option awards is estimated on the date of grant using a binomial option-pricing model that uses the assumptions noted in the following table: Valuation Assumptions Risk-free interest rate Expected volatility Expected dividend yield Expected term 2015 2.14% 72.5% 0.00% 5 yrs. 2014 2.73% 72.0% 0.00% 5 yrs. The expected volatility is based upon the Company’s historical experience. The expected term represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free interest rate utilized for periods throughout the contractual life of the options are based on U.S. Treasury security yields at the time of grant. 71 A summary of all stock option activity during 2016 is as follows: Options Outstanding at December 31, 2015 Exercised Forfeited Expired Options Outstanding at December 31, 2016 Weighted Average Exercise Price $ $ $ $ $ 11.61 11.57 14.64 16.71 11.13 Number of Options 1,820,956 (417,442) (17,300) (112,460) 1,273,754 Options Exercisable at December 31, 2016 1,093,165 $ 10.67 Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life 5.2 Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($ in millions) $ 2.3 $ 1.3 5.1 4.6 $ 6.0 $ 5.6 The Company granted 190,810 and 200,720 stock options in 2015 and 2014, respectively, with aggregate fair values on the date of grant of $1.7 million for both years. The weighted average estimated fair value of the stock options granted in 2015 and 2014 were $8.82 and $8.34 per stock option, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $1.3 million, $0.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively. Restricted Stock Restricted stock awards vest over a period of one to three years and may be based on the achievement of specific financial performance metrics. These shares are valued at the market price on the date of grant, are forfeitable in the event of terminated employment prior to vesting and could include the right to vote and receive dividends. A summary of all restricted stock activity during 2016 is as follows: Restricted Stock Outstanding at December 31, 2015 Granted Vested Forfeited Restricted Stock Outstanding at December 31, 2016 Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 13.25 $ $ 13.26 $ 9.91 $ 14.36 $ 14.20 Number of Shares 1,538,116 1,105,010 (618,145) (61,256) 1,963,725 During 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company granted 1,105,010, 667,126 and 572,052 shares of restricted stock, respectively, with aggregate fair values on the date of grant of $14.7 million, $9.9 million and $7.9 million, respectively. The total fair value of restricted stock that vested during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $7.4 million, $5.6 million and $5.2 million, respectively. 9. EMPLOYEE SAVINGS PLANS Substantially all of the Company’s employees are eligible to participate in a defined contribution plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company also provides a non-qualified defined contribution plan for senior management and certain key employees. Both plans provide for the Company to match, in cash, a percentage of each employee’s contributions up to certain limits. The Company’s matching contribution and related expense for these plans was approximately $7.0 million, $7.3 million, and $5.9 million for 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. 72 10. INCOME TAXES a. Income Before Income Taxes The consolidated income (loss) before income taxes for 2016, 2015 and 2014 consists of the following (in thousands): Domestic Foreign 2016 2015 2014 $ 185,042 $ 163,325 $ 98,246 375 (14) 216 Total income before income taxes $ 185,417 $ 163,311 $ 98,462 b. Income Tax Expense The consolidated income tax expense for 2016, 2015 and 2014 consists of the following components (in thousands): Current Federal State Foreign Deferred Federal State Foreign 2016 2015 2014 $ 51,489 10,307 144 $ 58,090 8,627 54 $ 19,036 1,805 118 $ 61,940 $ 66,771 $ 20,959 $ 3,448 686 (90) $ (7,930) 288 (107) $ 12,913 3,778 (118) $ 4,044 $ (7,749) $ 16,573 Total consolidated expense $ 65,984 $ 59,022 $ 37,532 The following table provides a reconciliation of differences from the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 35% as follows (in thousands): Pretax book income 2016 185,417 $ 2015 163,311 $ 2014 $ 98,462 Federal tax expense at 35% statutory rate State and local income taxes Benefit of domestic production deduction Other 64,896 7,145 (5,065) (992) 57,159 6,190 (5,255) 928 34,462 4,808 (2,010) 272 Total income tax expense $ 65,984 $ 59,022 $ 37,532 c. Deferred Taxes The Company’s deferred income taxes are primarily due to temporary differences between financial and income tax reporting for incentive compensation, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of intangibles, inventory adjustments, other accrued liabilities and net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”). Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Companies are required to assess whether valuation allowances should be established against their deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence, both positive and negative, using a “more likely than not” standard. In making such judgments, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. 73 The Company assesses, on a quarterly basis, the realizability of its deferred tax assets by evaluating all available evidence, both positive and negative, including: (1) the cumulative results of operations in recent years, (2) the nature of recent losses, if applicable, (3) estimates of future taxable income, (4) the length of NOLs and (5) the uncertainty associated with a possible change in ownership, which imposes an annual limitation on the use of these carryforwards. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company retained a valuation allowance of $1.2 and $1.2 million, respectively, against deferred tax assets related to various state and local NOLs that are subject to restrictive rules for future utilization. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had no U.S. federal tax NOLs. The Company had various multistate income tax NOLs, which have been recorded as a deferred income tax asset of approximately $2.3 million, before valuation allowances. These NOLs will expire beginning in 2017, if unused. The components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands): Deferred tax assets Tax credits and loss carryforwards Accrued liabilities Incentive compensation Other Deferred tax liabilities Property, plant and equipment Intangibles Prepaid assets Convertible note discount Other Net deferred tax asset before valuation allowances and reserves Valuation allowances Net deferred tax asset d. Tax Reserves 2016 2015 $ 260 9,852 21,206 4,084 $ 563 9,211 24,682 3,909 $ 35,402 $ 38,365 (5,823) (5,299) (689) (715) (1,860) (4,000) (5,325) (697) (3,234) (1,658) $ (14,386) $ (14,914) $ 21,016 (1,172) $ 23,451 (1,159) $ 19,844 $ 22,292 The Company’s policy with respect to interest and penalties associated with reserves or allowances for uncertain tax positions is to classify such interest and penalties in Income Tax Expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the total amount of unrecognized income tax benefits was approximately $12.7 million and $11.7 million, respectively, all of which, if recognized, would impact the effective income tax rate of the Company. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had recorded a total of $1.8 and $1.1 million, respectively of accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company foresees no significant changes to the facts and circumstances underlying its reserves and allowances for uncertain income tax positions as reasonably possible during the next 12 months. As of December 31, 2016, the Company is subject to unexpired statutes of limitation for U.S. federal income taxes for the years 2003 through 2016. The Company is also subject to unexpired statutes of limitation for Indiana state income taxes for the years 2014 through 2016. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits was as follows (in thousands) and all balances as of December 31, 2016 were included in either Other Noncurrent Liabilities or Deferred Income Taxes in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet: 74 Balance at January 1, 2015 $ 10,648 Decrease in prior year tax positions (23) Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 10,625 Decrease in prior year tax positions - Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 10,625 11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES a. Litigation The Company is involved in a number of legal proceedings concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of its business activities, and is periodically subject to governmental examinations (including by regulatory and tax authorities), and information gathering requests (collectively, "governmental examinations"). As of December 31, 2016, the Company was named as a defendant or was otherwise involved in numerous legal proceedings and governmental examinations in various jurisdictions, both in the United States and internationally. The Company has recorded liabilities for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings and governmental examinations. A liability is accrued when it is both (a) probable that a loss with respect to the legal proceeding has occurred and (b) the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates, on a quarterly basis, developments in legal proceedings and governmental examinations that could cause an increase or decrease in the amount of the liability that has been previously accrued. These legal proceedings, as well as governmental examinations, involve various lines of business of the Company and a variety of claims (including, common law tort, contract, antitrust and consumer protection claims), some of which present novel factual allegations and/or unique legal theories. While some matters pending against the Company specify the damages claimed by the plaintiff, many seek a not-yet-quantified amount of damages or are at very early stages of the legal process. Even when the amount of damages claimed against the Company are stated, the claimed amount may be exaggerated and/or unsupported. As a result, it is not currently possible to estimate a range of possible loss beyond previously accrued liabilities relating to some matters including those described below. Such previously accrued liabilities may not represent the Company's maximum loss exposure. The legal proceedings and governmental examinations underlying the estimated range will change from time to time and actual results may vary significantly from the currently accrued liabilities. Based on its current knowledge, and taking into consideration its litigation-related liabilities, the Company believes it is not a party to, nor are any of its properties the subject of, any pending legal proceeding or governmental examination other than the matters below, which are addressed individually, that would have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial condition or liquidity if determined in a manner adverse to the Company. However, in light of the uncertainties involved in such matters, the ultimate outcome of a particular matter could be material to the Company's operating results for a particular period depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of the Company's income for that period. Costs associated with the litigation and settlements of legal matters are reported within General and Administrative Expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Brazil Joint Venture In March 2001, Bernard Krone Indústria e Comércio de Máquinas Agrícolas Ltda. (“BK”) filed suit against the Company in the Fourth Civil Court of Curitiba in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Because of the bankruptcy of BK, this proceeding is now pending before the Second Civil Court of Bankruptcies and Creditors Reorganization of Curitiba, State of Paraná (No. 232/99). The case grows out of a joint venture agreement between BK and the Company related to marketing of RoadRailer trailers in Brazil and other areas of South America. When BK was placed into the Brazilian equivalent 75 of bankruptcy late in 2000, the joint venture was dissolved. BK subsequently filed its lawsuit against the Company alleging that it was forced to terminate business with other companies because of the exclusivity and non-compete clauses purportedly found in the joint venture agreement. BK asserted damages, exclusive of any potentially court- imposed interest or inflation adjustments, of approximately R$20.8 million (Brazilian Reais). BK did not change the amount of damages it asserted following its filing of the case in 2001. A bench (non-jury) trial was held on March 30, 2010 in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. On November 22, 2011, the Fourth Civil Court of Curitiba partially granted BK’s claims, and ordered Wabash to pay BK lost profits, compensatory, economic and moral damages in excess of the amount of compensatory damages asserted by BK. The total ordered damages amount was approximately R$26.7 million (Brazilian Reais), which was approximately $8.2 million U.S. dollars using the exchange rate as of December 31, 2016 and exclusive of any potentially court- imposed interest, fees or inflation adjustments. On October 5, 2016, the Court of Appeals re-heard all facts and legal questions presented in the case, and ruled in favor of the Company on all claims at issue. In doing so, the Court of Appeals dismissed all claims against the Company and vacated the judgment and damages previously ordered by the Fourth Civil Court of Curitiba. Unless BK appeals the ruling and a higher court finds in favor of BK on any of its claims, the judgment of the Court of Appeals is final. As a result of the Court of Appeals ruling, the Company does not expect that this proceeding will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations; however, it will continue to monitor these legal proceedings in the event BK further appeals the ruling of the Court of Appeals. Intellectual Property In October 2006, the Company filed a patent infringement suit against Vanguard National Corporation (“Vanguard”) regarding the Company’s U.S. Patent Nos. 6,986,546 and 6,220,651 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Indiana (Civil Action No. 4:06-cv-135). The Company amended the Complaint in April 2007. In May 2007, Vanguard filed its Answer to the Amended Complaint, along with Counterclaims seeking findings of non-infringement, invalidity, and unenforceability of the subject patents. The Company filed a reply to Vanguard’s counterclaims in May 2007, denying any wrongdoing or merit to the allegations as set forth in the counterclaims. The case was stayed by agreement of the parties while the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“Patent Office”) undertook a reexamination of U.S. Patent No. 6,986,546. In June 2010, the Patent Office notified the Company that the reexamination was completed and the Patent Office reissued U.S. Patent No. 6,986,546 without cancelling any claims of the patent. The parties have not yet petitioned the Court to lift the stay, and it is unknown at this time when the parties may do so. The Company believes that its claims against Vanguard have merit and that the claims asserted by Vanguard are without merit. The Company intends to vigorously defend its position and intellectual property. The Company believes that the resolution of this lawsuit will not have a material adverse effect on its financial position, liquidity or future results of operations. However, at this stage of the proceeding, no assurance can be given as to the ultimate outcome of the case. Walker Acquisition In connection with the Company’s acquisition of Walker in May 2012, there is an outstanding claim of approximately $2.9 million for unpaid benefits that is currently in dispute and that, if required to be paid by the Company, is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations Environmental Disputes In August 2014, the Company was noticed as a potentially responsible party (“PRP”) by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (“DHEC”) pertaining to the Philip Services Site located in Rock Hill, South Carolina pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) and corresponding South Carolina statutes. PRPs include parties identified through manifest records as having contributed to deliveries of hazardous substances to the Philip Services Site between 1979 and 1999. The DHEC’s allegation that the Company was a PRP arises out of four manifest entries in 1989 under the name of a company unaffiliated with Wabash National (or any of its former or current subsidiaries) that purport to be delivering a de minimis amount of hazardous waste to the Philip Services Site “c/o Wabash National Corporation.” As such, the Philip Services Site PRP Group (“PRP Group”) notified Wabash in August 2014 that is was offering 76 the Company the opportunity to resolve any liabilities associated with the Philip Services Site by entering into a Cash Out and Reopener Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with the PRP Group, as well as a Consent Decree with the DHEC. The Company has accepted the offer from the PRP Group to enter into the Settlement Agreement and Consent Decree, while reserving its rights to contest its liability for any deliveries of hazardous materials to the Philips Services Site. The requested settlement payment is immaterial to the Company’s financial conditions or operations, and as a result, if the Settlement Agreement and Consent Decree are finalized, the payment to be made by the Company thereunder is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Bulk Tank International, S. de R.L. de C.V. (“Bulk”) entered into agreements in 2011 with the Mexican federal environmental agency, PROFEPA, and the applicable state environmental agency, PROPAEG, pursuant to PROFEPA’s and PROPAEG’s respective environmental audit programs to resolve noncompliance with federal and state environmental laws at Bulk’s Guanajuato facility. Bulk completed all required corrective actions and received a Certification of Clean Industry from PROPAEG, and is seeking the same certification from PROFEPA, which the Company expects it will receive in 2017, following the conclusion of a final audit process that commenced in December 2014. As a result, the Company does not expect that this matter will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. In January 2006, the Company received a letter from the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources indicating that a site that the Company formerly owned near Charlotte, North Carolina has been included on the state's October 2005 Inactive Hazardous Waste Sites Priority List. The letter states that the Company was being notified in fulfillment of the state's “statutory duty” to notify those who own and those who at present are known to be responsible for each Site on the Priority List. Following receipt of this notice, no action has ever been requested from the Company, and since 2006 the Company has not received any further communications regarding this matter from the state of North Carolina. The Company does not expect that this designation will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. b. Environmental Litigation Commitments and Contingencies The Company generates and handles certain material, wastes and emissions in the normal course of operations that are subject to various and evolving federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. The Company assesses its environmental liabilities on an on-going basis by evaluating currently available facts, existing technology, presently enacted laws and regulations as well as experience in past treatment and remediation efforts. Based on these evaluations, the Company estimates a lower and upper range for treatment and remediation efforts and recognizes a liability for such probable costs based on the information available at the time. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had reserved estimated remediation costs of $0.4 million for activities at existing and former properties which are recorded within Other Accrued Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. c. Letters of Credit As of December 31, 2016, the Company had standby letters of credit totaling $5.4 million issued in connection with workers compensation claims and surety bonds. d. Purchase Commitments The Company has $57.8 million in purchase commitments through December 2017 for various raw material commodities, including aluminum, steel and nickel as well as other raw material components which are within normal production requirements. 77 12. SEGMENTS AND RELATED INFORMATION a. Segment Reporting During the second quarter of 2016, the Company realigned its reporting segments into two segments, Commercial Trailer Products and Diversified Products. As a result of the realignment, the businesses previously operating within the former retail segment are now reported under one of these two segments. The Company undertook the realignment in an effort to strengthen the alignment between its manufacturing businesses and its retail sales and service operations, improve profitability and capitalize on growth opportunities. Additionally, the Company performed an analysis to determine the allocations of goodwill and test for impairment. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that the portion of goodwill allocated to the retail branch operations was impaired resulting in an impairment charge of $1.7 million in the second quarter of 2016 for the Commercial Trailer Products segment. The Commercial Trailer Products segment manufactures standard and customized van and platform trailers, truck bodies and other transportation related equipment to customers who purchase directly from the Company, through independent dealers or Company owned branch locations through which the Company offers additional service and support. The Diversified Products segment, comprised of four strategic business units including, Tank Trailer, Aviation & Truck Equipment, Process Systems and Composites, focuses on the Company’s commitment to expand its customer base, diversify its product offerings and revenues and extend its market leadership by leveraging its proprietary DuraPlate® panel technology, drawing on its core manufacturing expertise and making available products that are complementary to truck and tank trailers and transportation equipment. Financial performance for each of the Company’s reporting segments below has been restated to reflect the realignment. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies except that the Company evaluates segment performance based on income from operations. The Company has not allocated certain corporate related administrative costs, interest and income taxes included in the corporate and eliminations segment to the Company’s other reportable segments. The Company accounts for intersegment sales and transfers at cost plus a specified mark-up. Reportable segment information is as follows (in thousands): 78 2016 Net sales External customers Intersegment sales Total net sales Depreciation and amortization Income (Loss) from operations Reconciling items to net income Interest expense Other, net Income tax expense Net income Assets 2015 Net sales External customers Intersegment sales Total net sales Depreciation and amortization Income (Loss) from operations Reconciling items to net income Interest expense Other, net Income tax expense Net income Assets 2014 Net sales External customers Intersegment sales Total net sales Depreciation and amortization Income (Loss) from operations Reconciling items to net income Interest expense Other, net Income tax expense Net income Assets Commercial Trailer Products Diversified Products Corporate and Eliminations Consolidated $ $ 1,506,070 40 1,506,110 $ $ 339,374 13,030 352,404 $ - (13,070) (13,070) $ $ 1,845,444 - $ 1,845,444 12,345 212,351 22,970 24,595 1,454 (34,414) 36,769 202,532 $ 312,848 $ 370,338 $ 215,547 15,663 1,452 65,984 119,433 898,733 $ $ $ $ 1,582,019 222 1,582,241 $ $ 445,470 11,457 456,927 $ - (11,679) (11,679) $ $ 2,027,489 - $ 2,027,489 12,674 159,385 23,888 51,078 1,436 (30,094) 37,998 180,369 $ 336,235 $ 397,892 $ 215,543 19,548 (2,490) 59,022 104,289 949,670 $ $ $ $ 1,380,195 428 1,380,623 $ $ 483,120 11,872 494,992 $ - (12,300) (12,300) $ $ 1,863,315 - $ 1,863,315 12,331 82,290 24,868 57,635 1,630 (17,539) 38,829 122,386 $ 342,015 $ 422,322 $ 163,109 22,165 1,759 37,532 60,930 927,446 $ $ 79 b. Customer Concentration The Company is subject to a concentration of risk as the five largest customers together accounted for approximately 24%, 25% and 20% of the Company’s aggregate net sales in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In addition, for each of the last three years there were no customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s aggregate net sales. International sales, primarily to Canadian customers, accounted for less than 10% in each of the last three years. c. Product Information The Company offers products primarily in four general categories: (1) new trailers, (2) used trailers, (3) components, parts and service and (4) equipment and other. The following table sets forth the major product categories and their percentage of consolidated net sales (dollars in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2016 New trailers Used trailers Components, parts and service Equipment and other Total net external sales 2015 New trailers Used trailers Components, parts and service Equipment and other Total net external sales 2014 New trailers Used trailers Components, parts and service Equipment and other Total net external sales Commercial Trailer Products $ 1,421,586 11,998 56,191 16,335 1,506,110 Commercial Trailer Products $ 1,474,201 31,022 60,482 16,536 1,582,241 Commercial Trailer Products $ 1,267,610 41,027 55,429 16,557 1,380,623 Diversified Products $ 129,639 3,176 111,519 108,070 352,404 Diversified Products $ 218,028 4,558 119,696 114,645 456,927 Diversified Products $ 226,215 4,088 127,460 137,229 494,992 Eliminations $ (89) - (12,955) (26) (13,070) Eliminations $ - - (11,628) (51) (11,679) Eliminations $ - - (12,300) - (12,300) Consolidated $ 1,551,136 15,174 154,755 124,379 1,845,444 Consolidated $ 1,692,229 35,580 168,550 131,130 2,027,489 Consolidated $ 1,493,825 45,115 170,589 153,786 1,863,315 % 84.1 0.8 8.4 6.7 100.0 % 83.5 1.8 8.3 6.4 100.0 % 80.2 2.4 9.2 8.2 100.0 80 13. CONSOLIDATED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) The following is a summary of the unaudited quarterly results of operations for fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts): 2016 2015 2014 Net sales Gross profit Net income Basic net income per share(1) Diluted net income per share(1) Net sales Gross profit Net income Basic net income per share(1) Diluted net income per share(1) Net sales Gross profit Net income Basic net income per share(1) Diluted net income per share(1) First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter $ 447,676 79,526 27,523 0.42 0.42 $ 437,597 57,197 10,474 0.15 0.15 $ 358,120 46,672 7,296 0.11 0.10 $ 471,439 91,064 35,532 0.55 0.53 $ 514,831 72,405 28,649 0.42 0.41 $ 486,021 61,613 16,239 0.23 0.23 $ 464,272 83,459 33,378 0.52 0.51 $ 531,350 86,022 31,880 0.48 0.47 $ 491,697 61,628 18,307 0.26 0.25 $ 462,057 71,485 23,000 0.37 0.36 $ 543,711 87,819 33,286 0.50 0.50 $ 527,477 62,721 19,088 0.28 0.27 (1) Basic and diluted net income per share is computed independently for each of the quarters presented. Therefore, the sum of the quarterly net income per share may differ from annual net income per share due to rounding. ITEM 9—CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None ITEM 9A—CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Disclosure Controls and Procedures We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and board of directors that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on an evaluation conducted under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2016, including those procedures described below, we, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, determined that those controls and procedures were effective. Changes in Internal Controls There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 81 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting. Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting The management of Wabash National Corporation (“the Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of the financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; (3) provide reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (4) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate. Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (COSO). Based on this assessment, management has concluded that internal control over financial reporting is effective as of December 31, 2016. Ernst & Young LLP, an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, has audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, and its report on internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 appears on the following page. Richard J. Giromini Jeffery L. Taylor February 27, 2017 Chief Executive Officer Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 82 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Wabash National Corporation: We have audited Wabash National Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). Wabash National Corporation’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, Wabash National Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Wabash National Corporation as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholder’s equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 and our report dated February 27, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Indianapolis, Indiana February 27, 2017 83 ITEM 9B—OTHER INFORMATION None. PART III ITEM 10—EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT The Company hereby incorporates by reference the information contained under the heading “Executive Officers of Wabash National Corporation” from Item 1 Part I of this Annual Report. The Company hereby incorporates by reference the information contained under the headings “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” or “Election of Directors” from its definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to stockholders of the Company and filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report in connection with the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 18, 2017. Code of Ethics As part of our system of corporate governance, our Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (“Code of Ethics”) that is specifically applicable to our Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers. This Code of Ethics is available within the Corporate Governance section of the Investor Relations page of our website at www.wabashnational.com. We will disclose any waivers for our Chief Executive Officer or Senior Financial Officers under, or any amendments to, our Code of Ethics by posting such information on our website at the address above. ITEM 11—EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The Company hereby incorporates by reference the information contained under the headings “Executive Compensation" and “Director Compensation” from its definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to the stockholders of the Company and filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report in connection with the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 18, 2017. ITEM 12—SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The Company hereby incorporates by reference the information contained under the headings "Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” from its definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to the stockholders of the Company and filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report in connection with the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 18, 2017. ITEM 13—CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The Company hereby incorporates by reference the information contained under the headings “Election of Directors” and “Related Persons Transactions Policy” from its definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to the stockholders of the Company and filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report in connection with the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 18, 2017. ITEM 14—PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES Information required by Item 14 of this form and the audit committee’s pre-approval policies and procedures regarding the engagement of the principal accountant are incorporated herein by reference to the information contained under the heading “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” from the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to the stockholders of the Company and filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report in connection with the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 18, 2017. 84 PART IV ITEM 15—EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) Financial Statements: The Company has included all required financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report. The financial statement schedules have been omitted as they are not applicable or the required information is included in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. (b) Exhibits: The following exhibits are filed with this Annual Report or incorporated herein by reference to the document set forth next to the exhibit listed below: 2.01 3.01 3.02 4.01 4.02 4.03 Purchase and Sale Agreement by and among the Company, Walker Group Holdings LLC and Walker Group Holdings LLC dated as of March 26, 2012 (14) Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (11) Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended (10) Specimen Stock Certificate (1) Indenture, dated April 23, 2012 between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (15) Supplemental Indenture, dated April 23, 2012 between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (15) 10.01# Executive Employment Agreement dated June 28, 2002 between the Company and Richard J. Giromini (2) 10.02 Asset Purchase Agreement dated July 22, 2003 (3) 10.03 Amendment No. 1 to the Asset Purchase Agreement dated September 19, 2003 (3) 10.05# Corporate Plan for Retirement – Executive Plan (4) 10.06# Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2007 between the Company and Richard J. Giromini (6) 10.07# Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan (7) 10.08# 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended (8) 10.09# 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan (12) 10.10# Change in Control Severance Pay Plan (13) 10.11# Wabash National Corporation Executive Severance Plan (5) 10.12 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated May 8, 2012, by and among Wabash National Corporation, certain of its subsidiaries identified on the signature page thereto, Wells Fargo Capital Finance, LLC as joint lead arranger, joint bookrunner and administrative agent, RBS Citizens Business Capital, a division of RBS Citizens, N.A., as joint lead arranger, joint bookrunner and syndication agent, BMO Harris Bank, N.A., as documentation agent, and the other lenders and agents therein (16) 10.13 Amended and Restated General Continuing Guaranty, dated as of May 8, 2012, by each subsidiary of Wabash National Corporation party thereto in favor of Wells Fargo Capital Finance, LLC, as administrative agent for the secured parties under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated May 8, 2012 (16) 10.14 Credit Agreement dated as of May 8, 2012, among the Wabash National Corporation, the several lender from time to time party thereto Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent, joint lead arranger and joint bookrunner, and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as joint lead arranger and joint bookrunner (16) 10.15 Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated April 25, 2013, among Wabash National Corporation, Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent, and each lender party thereto (17) 10.16 Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement, dated March 19, 2015, among Wabash National Corporation, Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. and each lender party thereto (18) 10.17 Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement, dated February 24, 2017, among Wabash National Corporation, Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent, and each lender party thereto (19) 10.18 General Continuing Guarantee, dated as of May 8, 2012, by each subsidiary of Wabash National Corporation party thereto in favor of Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent for the secured parties under the Credit Agreement, dated May 8, 2012 (16) Joinder and First Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, First Amendment to Amended and Restated Security Agreement and First Amendment to Amended and Restated Guaranty Agreement dated June 4, 2015 by and among Wabash National Corporation, certain of its subsidiaries designated as Loan Parties (as defined in the Amendment), Wells Fargo Capital Finance, LLC, as 10.19 85 arranger and administrative agent, PNC National Bank National Association, and the other Lenders party thereto (9) 21.01 List of Significant Subsidiaries (20) 23.01 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP (20) 31.01 Certification of Principal Executive Officer (20) 31.02 Certification of Principal Financial Officer (20) 32.01 Written Statement of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the 101 Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350) (20) Interactive Data File Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T # Management contract or compensatory plan + Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to certain portions of this exhibit. Omitted portions have been filed separately with the SEC. (1) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333- 27317) filed on May 16, 1997 (2) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002 (File No. 1- 10883) (3) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on September 29, 2003 (File No. 1-10883) (4) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005 (File No. 1- 10883) (5) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on December 16, 2015 (File No. 1-10883) (6) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 8, 2007 (File No. 1-10883) (7) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2007 (File No. 1-10883) (8) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 (File No. 1- 10883) (9) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on June 10, 2015 (File No. 1-10883) (10) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on August 4, 2009 (File No. 1-10883) (11) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011 (File No. 1-10883) (12) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 25, 2011 (File No. 1-10883) (13) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on September 14, 2011 (File No. 1-10883) (14) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on March 27, 2012 (File No.001-10883) (15) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on April 23, 2012 (File No.001-10883) (16) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 14, 2012 (File No 001-10883) (17) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2013 (File No 001-10883) (18) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on March 23, 2015 (File No 001-10883) (19) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2017 (File No 001-10883) (20) Filed herewith 86 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION February 27, 2017 By: /s/ Jeffery L. Taylor Jeffery L. Taylor Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the date indicated. Date February 27, 2017 February 27, 2017 February 27, 2017 February 27, 2017 February 27, 2017 February 27, 2017 February 27, 2017 February 27, 2017 February 27, 2017 Signature and Title /s/ Richard J. Giromini Richard J. Giromini Chief Executive Officer, Director (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Jeffery L. Taylor Jeffery L. Taylor Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ Brent L. Yeagy Brent L. Yeagy President and Chief Operating Officer, Director /s/ Martin C. Jischke Dr. Martin C. Jischke Chairman of the Board of Directors /s/ James D. Kelly James D. Kelly Director /s/ John E. Kunz John E. Kunz Director /s/ Larry J. Magee Larry J. Magee Director /s/ Ann D. Murtlow Ann D. Murtlow Director /s/ Scott K. Sorensen Scott K. Sorensen Director By: By: By: By: By: By: By: By: By: 87 SUBSIDIARIES OF THE COMPANY AND OWNERSHIP OF SUBSIDIARY STOCK Exhibit 21.01 NAME OF SUBSIDIARY Wabash National Trailer Centers, Inc. Wabash Wood Products, Inc. Wabash National, L.P. Wabash National Manufacturing, L.P. Wabash National Services, L.P. Continental Transit Corporation Transcraft Corporation Walker Stainless Equipment Co., LLC Garsite/Progress, LLC Brenner Tank Services, LLC Walker Group Holdings, LLC Bulk Solutions, LLC Brenner Tank LLC Wabash National Holdings, Inc. Extract Technology Limited Wabash UK Holdings Limited STATE OF INCORPORATION % OF SHARES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION* Delaware Arkansas Delaware Delaware Delaware Indiana Delaware Delaware Texas Wisconsin Texas Texas Wisconsin Delaware United Kingdom United Kingdom 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% _______________________ *Includes both direct and indirect ownership by Wabash National Corporation 88 Exhibit 23.01 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: (1) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-194251) of Wabash National Corporation (2) Registration Statement (Forms S-8 No. 333-149349) pertaining to the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan and the 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan of Wabash National Corporation (3) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-178778) pertaining to the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan of Wabash National Corporation of our reports dated February 27, 2017, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Wabash National Corporation and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Wabash National Corporation, included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Wabash National Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2016. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Indianapolis, Indiana February 27, 2017 89 CERTIFICATIONS Exhibit 31.01 I, Richard J. Giromini, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Wabash National Corporation; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 27, 2017 /s/ Richard J. Giromini Richard J. Giromini Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) 90 CERTIFICATIONS Exhibit 31.02 I, Jeffery L. Taylor, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Wabash National Corporation; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 27, 2017 /s/ Jeffery L. Taylor Jeffery L. Taylor Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) 91 Written Statement of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350) Exhibit 32.01 The undersigned, the Chief Executive Officer and the Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of Wabash National Corporation (the "Company"), each hereby certifies that, to his knowledge, on February 27, 2017: (a) (b) the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed on February 27, 2017, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. /s/ Richard J. Giromini Richard J. Giromini Chief Executive Officer February 27, 2017 /s/ Jeffery L. Taylor Jeffery L. Taylor Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer February 27, 2017 A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Wabash National Corporation and will be retained by Wabash National Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. 92 Stockholder Information Executive Officers Richard J. Giromini Chief Executive Officer and Director Brent L. Yeagy President – Chief Operating Officer and Director Jeffery L. Taylor Senior Vice President – Chief Financial Officer William D. Pitchford Senior Vice President – Human Resources Erin J. Roth Senior Vice President – General Counsel and Secretary Mark J. Weber Senior Vice President – Group President, Diversified Products Auditors Ernst & Young LLP 111 Monument Circle Suite 2600 Indianapolis, IN 46204-5120 Transfer Agent Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. Shareowner Services P.O. Box 64854 St. Paul, MN 55164-0854 Telephone: 1-800-468-9716 or 651-450-4064 Fax: 651-450-4033 Form 10-K In lieu of a separate annual report to stockholders, enclosed is Wabash National Corporation’s Form 10-K, which includes as an exhibit the certifications required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act. Directors Richard J. Giromini Chief Executive Officer Wabash National Corporation Dr. Martin C. Jischke Chairman of the Board Wabash National Corporation John E. Kunz Vice President and Controller Tenneco, Inc. Larry J. Magee Director Wabash National Corporation Ann D. Murtlow President and Chief Executive Officer United Way of Central Indiana Scott K. Sorensen Chief Executive Officer Sorenson Communications Brent L. Yeagy President – Chief Operating Officer Wabash National Corporation Stock Listing Symbol: WNC New York Stock Exchange Internet Address www.wabashnational.com Requests For stockholder requests for information, please contact: Wabash National Corporation c/o Director - Investor Relations 1000 Sagamore Parkway S. Lafayette, IN 47905 (765) 771-5310 W a b a s h N a t i o n a l C o r p o r a t i o n 2 0 1 6 A n n u a l R e p o r t New Markets. New Innovation. New Growth. Annual Report 2016 Wabash National Corporation 1000 Sagamore Parkway South Lafayette, IN 47905 

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