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Annual Report 2014

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FY2014 Annual Report · Wag! Group Co
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P E T R E L
RESOURCES PLC

Annual Report and Accounts

Year ended 31 December 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Contents

Chairman’s Statement

Review of Operations

Directors’ Report

Directors’ Responsibilities Statement

Independent Auditors’ Report

Consolidated Statement Of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Balance Sheet

Company Balance Sheet

Consolidated And Company Statement Of Changes In Equity

Consolidated Cash Flow Statement

Company Cash Flow Statement

Notes To The Financial Statements

Notice of Annual General Meeting

1

3

10

14

15

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

40

Directors and Other Information

Inside back cover

CURRENT DIRECTORS

SECRETARY

REGISTERED OFFICE

AUDITORS

BANKERS

SOLICITORS

NOMINATED BROKER & ADVISOR

REGISTRATION NUMBER

AUTHORISED CAPITAL

CURRENT ISSUED CAPITAL

MARKET

NUMBER OF SHAREHOLDERS

Petrel Resources Plc
Chairman’s Statement

The  lack  of  interest  in  junior  explorers  continues.  Despite  an  active  year  for  Petrel  Resources,  the  share  price  continued  to
decline from 15p to 3p. Since the beginning of the current downturn in resource shares, in 2008, the price of Petrel has declined
by over 90% - despite having carried interests and cash. While currently there appears to be some weak indications of interest
returning principally more buying activity, and some media interest, the overall position remains dire. There is nothing new in
vicious junior resource company share price cycles but the current version is deep and long. Few if any junior explorers have
been able to raise money to continue meaningful exploration activities. Petrel is among the very few with cash and with a world
class partner, Woodside Energy who continues work in the Irish Offshore Oil Exploration sector. To succeed in our sector, first
you must survive. We have shown over decades our ability to survive. Then to succeed you need to be in a good sector, have
good ground, good people and good technology. Petrel is active in three areas, Offshore Ireland, Iraq and Ghana.

The future market position of oil and gas is not in doubt. There are claims that renewables will damage the sector. It might in the
very long term but for the next 30 to 50 years world economic growth will depend on a secure supply of energy. That will come
from oil and gas. Billions of people will become middle class in the coming decades. That means they will want a Western World
lifestyle – which is energy intensive. Consensus forecasts for energy demand show a strong upward trend. Of course there will
be blips and setbacks along the way but the overall trend is clear.

Given that there is a market how best do you find oil and gas? It seems a blinding glimpse of the obvious that explorers need
good ground. But it is not only the physical ground. There is also economics and politics associated with it. The Petrel strategy
is to go where oil is likely to be. If this means taking greater political and technical risks so be it. We are on the ground in Iraq,
probably the most prospective oil country in the world with production costing $2 a barrel but the political situation is close to
impossible. We are Offshore Ireland, which is a frontier area geologically and technically, while politically stable. But there is the
possibility of elephant discoveries. We are in Ghana, a frontier area when we first entered. Now with lower geological risk but
unable to make political progress.

If you have ground in prospective areas you need people who have the skills, commitment and the nerve to plough on in the
face  of  adversity.  The  board  of  Petrel  and  our  technical  backup  have  all  of  the  above  plus  we  have  experience.  Petrel  was
formed in the early 1980s to explore Offshore Ireland, the venture failed. It was reborn in the 1990s to explore in Africa and the
Middle East. We have had a presence in Iraq since 1997. It has been a turbulent experience but we are still there. We know
Ghana for over 20 years. Our experience in the past few years has disappointed. We believed the country to have transparent
procedures and the rule of law. The rule of law operates but ratification procedures are obtuse.

Use of the most modern technology can reduce the level of risk in exploration. Petrel has strengths in this area. Over the years
we have built a network of technology specialists which we contract in when needed and we have joint ventured with some of
the world’s best oil and gas companies thereby gaining access to their technology. In Iraq, we have a carry with one of the
largest private groups in the country who in turn have a joint venture with a listed Canadian company, Oryx. Our Irish Offshore
partner, Woodside Energy, is one of the world’s foremost and successful gas explorers. Our local Irish technical experts are the
go to people in the industry.

Despite all of the above exploration remains high risk. If we are successful in any one of our ventures the reward will more than
compensate for the risks.

Activities
Petrel holds a 15% interest in 1,050 km of prospective acreage in the Porcupine Basin of the Irish Atlantic. The Irish Atlantic is
virtually unexplored – only 31 wells have been drilled mainly in shallower water. Petrel with two exploration licences, 3/14 and
4/14, is focused on prospects in 600 to 800 metres of water. We have a joint venture with Woodside Energy, an Australian based
hydrocarbon producer. In return for a substantially carried 15% interest in the early stages of exploration Woodside became the
operator. Petrel had completed significant desk based work on the two blocks. Woodside is enhancing this work and intends to
complete 3D seismic as soon as is practicable. This phase of the work has been delayed while the Irish government completes
an offshore environmental assessment. Results are expected in Q3 2015 which means the seismic programme is likely to take
place in 2016.

New technology, new discoveries in similar geology and high oil prices made prospecting in the Atlantic fashionable in recent
years but a series of recent setbacks and a lower oil price have dampened enthusiasm. Exploration in Irish Atlantic waters is
not for the faint hearted. Prospects look good but exploration costs are huge. A well on either of the two Petrel blocks is likely
to cost upwards of $60 million – this is a new exploration province. Uncertainties introduced by possible tax changes, delays in
issuing permits and the ongoing political problems with the Corrib gas field discourage explorers, as does the lower oil price.
But the Irish Atlantic is one of the few remaining frontiers where big discoveries may be made.

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

1

Petrel Resources Plc
Chairman’s Statement
(continued)

Petrel and an associate company, Clontarf Energy had high expectations when they obtained an exploration concession (via
Pan  Andean  Resources  Ltd  (30%  Petrel,  60%  Clontarf  Energy,  10%  local  interests))  from  the  Ghana  National  Petroleum
Company (GNPC) in 2010. The concession, which was always subject to cabinet and parliamentary approval covers 1,532 sq
km  in  the  Tano  basin.  Terms  were  very  good  reflecting  the  early  stage  of  oil  exploration  in  the  country.  Ratification  of  the
agreement has dragged on for 5 years during which Ghana has become a significant oil producer – in an area south of Tano
where our concession lies. For the past year the consortium of Petrel, Clontarf Energy and a local partner have been in litigation
with the Ghanaian government and state agencies over an attempt to award ground from our licence in Tano to a third party. A
court approved agreement was reached. This was acceptable to all parties concerned. The Ghanaian authorities have failed to
implement  the  agreement.  Ongoing  talks  have  led  to  further  settlement  proposals  which  as  yet  are  not  acceptable  to  the
consortium. What is happening in Ghana is regrettable. The country is a good place in which to work. The rule of law applies
and title was thought to be good. Having very reluctantly commenced litigation Petrel and partners will see it through.

When  Petrel  first  invested  in  Iraq  in  1997  it  was  the  Saddam  era.  Investing  in  Iraq  was  a  clear  example  of  choosing  low
geological risk over high political risk. We underestimated the political chaos of the last decade. Iraq has the potential to go to
10 million barrels a day of oil production. It is currently at 3.8m and growing despite the chaos. The Petrel interests are in the
Wasit  province  where  we  have  a  carry  which  will  be  paid  for  in  Petrel  shares  when  certain  milestones  such  as  drilling  are
reached. Should the operator, Oryx, be unable to spud wells within the next 4 years then the agreement lapses. Iraq will be at
the forefront of world oil development in the coming decades but it is difficult to attach a present value to the interests.

Future
Petrel has sufficient cash at present expenditure levels to continue for two or three years. This is not an option that the board
accepts.  We  are  actively  working  with  our  partner,  our  advisors  and  the  Irish  authorities  on  helping  them  complete  the  Irish
Offshore  Strategic  Environmental  Assessment.  An  early  resolution  will  enable  orderly  planning  for  2016.  We  have  ongoing
discussions with the authorities in Ghana. Neither side wants a court action but this may be inevitable. Current proposals from
the authorities to the consortium have unacceptable risks. In Iraq we wait and observe.

We continue to evaluate possible opportunities in emerging frontier exploration areas. Investors in Petrel, as in most other junior
explorers, have seen their shareholding literally decimated in value. We have cash, people and potentially very good ground.
There are small signs of life in the stock exchange sector in which Petrel operates. If life blossoms then the potential return is
significant.

John Teeling
Chairman
24th June 2015

2

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Review of Operations

Introduction
Petrel Resources plc is an Irish-based junior oil and gas Exploration Company with assets in the Iraq, Ghana and Ireland. Petrel
is  listed  on  the  London  Stock  Exchange's  Alternative  Investment  Market  (PET).  Visit  www.petrelresources.com  for  more
information.

Petrel Resources plc has explored for oil & gas since 1982 (1997 under current management) and has been listed on the AIM
market of the London Stock exchange since 2000. 

Petrel is active in the Irish offshore Atlantic Margin, Ghana’s Tano Basin and Iraq.

Petrel holds a 15% interest in 1,050km of prospective acreage in the Porcupine Basin of the Irish offshore (FEL 3/14 and 4/14).
Petrel is substantially carried by operator Woodside Energy through the technical work programme.

Petrel has a 30% interest in a signed Petroleum Agreement in the Ghanaian Tano 2A Block, close to circa 2 billion barrels of
recent discoveries. Following a dispute with the Ghanaian authorities in 2014 we agreed to vary our coordinates and that the
Ghanaian  authorities  will  move  promptly  to  ratify  the  Petroleum  Agreement  with  the  revised  coordinates.  Ratification  had  not
occurred as of end May 2015.

Petrel has an effective 5% carry with Oryx Petroleum on licences with the Wasit Governate in Iraq. Oryx has applied for permits
to conduct its seismic survey. The seismic permits have not been issued as of end May 2015. Wasit is east of Baghdad in a
Shia region and as of end May 2015 remains relatively unaffected by disturbances west and north of Baghdad.

Offshore Ireland – unexplored, but no longer ‘frontier’
Work proceeds on Frontier Exploration Licences 3/14 and 4/14 issued on 1,050km2 of Irish Atlantic acreage.
•

There  is  about  10km  of  sedimentary  material,  with  confirmed  hydrocarbon  systems  and  huge  potential  in  the  Irish
Atlantic.
Petrel is substantially carried through the technical work programme.
Regional and additional Block data has been acquired and is being reprocessed to a high standard.
Several encouraging medium to large Leads & Prospects are being worked up.
Planned fiscal terms changes do not affect Petrel’s existing licences – but will impact future acreage acquired.
Petrel’s prior work has been reviewed and approved by independent consultants, and reinforced by ongoing work.

•
•
•
•
•

The Irish Atlantic Porcupine Basin remains unexplored, with a total of only 31 wells drilled so far – mostly in relatively shallow
water targeting traditional ‘North Sea-type’ plays.

Petrel’s  focus  has  mainly  been  on  plays  in  600  to  800m  of  water,  which  were  not  available  to  1980s  explorers  for  technical
reasons.

The success of the ‘West African transform margin’ play, in Ghana, Sénégal and Mauretania particularly, has opened up new
plays  in  the  Irish  Atlantic,  and  especially  in  the  Cretaceous.  These  new  plays  are  effectively  untested  in  the  Irish  Atlantic
Porcupine Basin. Technical advances, especially in improved seismic data quality and drilling capabilities, have transformed
the province. 

The  oil  price  fall  during  2014,  together  with  fiscal  terms  tightening,  may  impact  smaller  targets  during  the  2015  bid  round.
However the plays under consideration by Petrel are considerably larger than existing Porcupine Basin discoveries and unlikely
to be adversely affected.

Petrel’s work on its 100% owned Licence Options between 2011 & 2013: 
In 2010 and 2011 Petrel Resources plc reviewed a number of prospective Blocks in the Atlantic Margin, quickly focusing on the
key Porcupine Basin, and especially the Tertiary, Cretaceous and Jurassic plays. Detailed work tended to enhance the deeper
Jurassic  and  especially  “west  African  style”  Cretaceous  plays  but  undermined  the  original  Tertiary  play,  because  of  the
increased top-seal risk. 

This work was subjected to rigorous examination during a lengthy and detailed farm-out exercise during 2013. While different
prospective  partners  had  different  priorities  and  preferences  in  terms  of  oil  vs  gas  and  target  size  particularly,  the  technical
reception was generally excellent.

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

3

Petrel Resources Plc
Review of Operations
(continued)

As part of this exercise Petrel Resources plc commissioned an independent assessment of Oil Potential on Blocks in the Atlantic,
undertaken by a leading industry consulting group. In the event, we concluded an excellent deal with the best partner to enter
Ireland in recent years even before this independent review was completed. Indeed, the farm-out process suggested that both
Petrel technical staff and consultants had been more conservative than large industry players. Nonetheless, this work, together
with similar exercises conducted on behalf of neighbours Antrim Energy and Europa Oil & Gas, reinforces our belief that the
Porcupine’s time has come:

The Independent Resource Estimate Review was conducted by Senergy Consultants (Ltd) on Petrel’s interests in what is now
Irish Frontier Exploration Licence 3/14 ("Licence 3/14") and Frontier Exploration Licence 4/14 ("Licence 4/14") in the Porcupine
Basin, offshore Atlantic Ireland. Petrel now holds a substantially carried 15% carried interest, with an operating 85% interest held
by Woodside Energy – Australia’s leading gas & oil company, with a particularly strong position in LNG for the key Japanese
market.

The Senergy report estimates a total un-risked prospective resource on the acreage of about 2.2 billion barrels, giving a potential
recoverable resource attributable to Petrel of 327 million barrels of oil equivalent ('High Estimate') on the two licences. 

There is additional gas potential within the block. The main plays are in approximately 600 to 800 metres of water depth, which
is  well  within  the  technical  capabilities  of  modern  operators,  though  oil  and  gas  prices  as  well  as  costs  and  development
timetables are subject to uncertainty.

Results from work on Frontier Exploration Licence 3/14, as well as regional work, indicate 5 leads and two additional plays at
three stratigraphic levels, including the Lower Eocene deltaic complexes, Lower Cretaceous mounded fan complexes similar in
seismic character to many of the recent Cretaceous oil discoveries offshore West Africa and Upper Eocene fan mounds.

Results from work on Frontier Exploration Licence 4/14, as well as regional work, indicate plays at three stratigraphic levels,
including 3 leads in the Lowermost Cretaceous Pinch-out, Lower Cretaceous fan complex as well as a Lower Tertiary play.

The following table provides an aggregate summary of the Prospective Resources for the independent leads evaluated within
the two Licences:

Prospective Resource Gross - Unrisked (Millions of Barrels)

Petrel (15%)

Licence 3/14 (480km2)

Crude Oil (MMbbl)

Licence 4/14 (570km2)

Crude Oil (MMbbl)

Total

Low
Estimate

Best
Estimate

High
Estimate

High
Estimate

28

210

1,429

214

Low
Estimate

Best
Estimate

High
Estimate

High
Estimate

31

59

156

366

749

2,178

113

327

Petrel  was  pleased  that  Senergy’s  independent  technical  review  so  emphatically  supported  Petrel’s  2013  work  for  the  Irish
authorities  prior  to  the  Woodside  farm-out.  The  un-risked  in-place  estimated  oil  volumes  for  the  different  prospects  in  the
Senergy report are broadly in-line with the in-place figures in the Petrel report for the Petroleum Affairs Division in 2013.

As one expects from an independent consultant, Synergy place a higher risk against the prospects (a much lower geological
and  commercial  Chance  of  Success  number)  than  similar  resource  reviews  in  North  America.  Senergy  are  also  much  more
cautious than most of the oil & gas companies we negotiated with during the farm-out process. This reflects the historical nature
of the underlying seismic data as well as the preponderance of 2D data. Petrel expects that the work currently underway on the
Licences will substantially de-risk these prospects and is confident that planned new state-of-the-art 3D seismic will confirm
drillable prospects on both licences.

Joint Venture with Woodside Energy: 2014 to date
In August 2013, Petrel farmed out 85% of its interest in, and operatorship of, the Licensing Options to Woodside Energy (Ireland)
Pty Ltd (“Woodside”). As part of the farm-out exercise Petrel had conducted presentations and discussions in Houston, Dallas,
Calgary,  London  and  Madrid.  The  technical  reception  was  generally  positive,  with  fiscal  terms  applicable  of  25%  to  40%
maximum seen as competitive. Negatives were absence of commercial production, and later gas & oil price weakness. There
were  multiple  suitors  but  it  quickly  became  apparent  that  Woodside  were  the  much-preferred  partner,  in  terms  of  technical
rigour, creativity and momentum. Accordingly, a farm-out was quickly negotiated.

4

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Review of Operations
(continued)

In  March  2014  the  partners  were  awarded,  by  the  Department  of  Communications,  Energy  and  Natural  Resources,  Frontier
Exploration  Licences  3/14  and  4/14  in  the  Irish  Atlantic's  Porcupine  Basin.  In  keeping  with  applicable  law,  the  parties
relinquished  25%  of  the  original  acreage,  while  seeking  to  retain  the  most  prospective  acreage  with  fewest  potential
development issues. 

The Frontier Exploration Licences are split into logical phases under best international practice, facilitating orderly permitting
and progress. The Frontier Exploration Licences are valid for 15 years, with an initial 3 year phase, followed by three phases of
4 years each.

The main elements of the first phase are reprocessing of historic 3D seismic, environmental studies and, subject to regulatory
rules and permits, may include the acquisition of new, state-of-the-art 3D seismic. Preparatory technical and environmental work
is  underway.  The  partners  had  allocated  a  generous  budget  seismic  acquisition  programme  over  almost  all  the  prospective
acreage, as well as neighbouring acreage outside our Blocks. The originally hoped for summer 2015 3D seismic acquisition
programme  was  delayed  by  the  Irish  Government’s  comprehensive  Irish  Offshore  Strategic  Environmental  Assessment
(IOSEA5). Because of this project, which itself had been delayed by 9 months, the authorities were not in a position to process
and issue the necessary permits over all of our licensed acreage before September 2015. The ideal weather window for the
Porcupine basin is June and July. Seismic programmes can usually drift into August or later, but at a potential penalty in seismic
quality – which itself might forego some or all of the necessary risk-reduction which is a key objective of our exploration effort.
Given the extreme attention that is being invested in squeezing the very best data out of historic 2D and 3D seismic data, both
in  Petrel’s  Blocks  and  elsewhere,  it  would  be  a  false  economy  to  rush  the  new  high  quality  3D  programme.  The  partners
accepted that the best results required a delay into the next weather window (June and July 2016). 

Petrel is 100% carried through phase one of the work programme, which covers 2015 as well as the next two years, including
any  extension  to  this  phase  –  which  has  been  forced  on  our  Joint  Venture  by  the  delays  in  completing  the  official  IOSEA5
exercise. 

The  main  element  of  the  second  phase,  should  the  parties  elect  to  enter  it,  would  be  the  drilling  of  a  well  on  each  Frontier
Exploration Licence, for which Petrel would be substantially carried. 

The highly conservative chance of success assumptions by both Petrel and Senergy in this new resource assessment reflects
the fact that Petrel work between 2011 and 2013 was done on the basis of historical and mainly 2D data. Given early indications
from its own Joint Venture’s work, as well as the experience of operators on nearby blocks following new 3D seismic acquisition
with  the  latest  understanding  and  technology,  Petrel  expects  that  the  calculated  risk  factor  will  fall,  and  prospective  area  of
enclosure will rise, as the next phase of work is completed.

Notes:

(1) There can be no certainty that any portion of the prospective resources will be discovered. If discovered, there is no certainty that it will be

economically viable or technically feasible to produce any portion of the resources.

(2) The columns marked as "Un-risked" have not been risked for chance of discovery or chance of development. Estimates marked as "Risked"
have been risked for chance of discovery, but have not been risked for chance of development. If a discovery is made, there is no certainty
that it will be developed or, if it is developed, there is no certainty as to the timing of such development.

(3) The "Petrel Risked High Estimate" reflects Petrel`s 15% working interest share of: the gross prospective resource estimates shown in the
"Property Risked Mean Estimate" column. All other columns in the above tables reflect the gross 100% prospective resources of the Licence
(of which Petrel's current working interest is 15%).

(4) Gas potential is ignored in the above calculations. Normally gas resources are converted to barrels of oil equivalent (`BOE`) at a ratio of 6

Mcf to 1 bbl.

(5) The total risked mean is equal to the aggregate sum of the un-risked mean (arithmetic average) estimate for each lead multiplied by the

chance of discovery for that lead.

Prospective resources are defined as those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable
from  undiscovered  accumulations  by  application  of  future  development  projects.  Prospective  resources  have  both  an
associated chance of discovery and a chance of development. Prospective resources are further subdivided in accordance
with the level of certainty associated with recoverable estimates assuming their discovery and development and may be sub-
classified based on project maturity.

Estimates  of  resources  always  involve  uncertainty,  and  the  degree  of  uncertainty  can  vary  widely  between
accumulations/projects and over the life of a project. Consequently, estimates of resources should generally be quoted as a
range  according  to  the  level  of  confidence  associated  with  the  estimates.  An  understanding  of  statistical  concepts  and
terminology is essential to understanding the confidence associated with resources definitions and categories. The range of
uncertainty of estimated recoverable volumes may be represented by either deterministic scenarios or a probability distribution.
Resources should be provided as low, best and high estimates, as follows:

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

5

Petrel Resources Plc
Review of Operations
(continued)

Low Estimate - This is considered to be a conservative estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is likely that
the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the low estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at
least a 90 percent probability (P90) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the low estimate.

Best Estimate - This is considered to be the best estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is equally likely that
the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the best estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there
should be at least a 50 percent probability (P50) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the best estimate.

High Estimate - This is considered to be an optimistic estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is unlikely that
the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the high estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at
least a 10 percent probability (P10) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the high estimate.

The calculation of barrels of oil equivalent ("boe") is based on a conversion rate of six thousand cubic feet of natural gas ("mcf")
to one barrel of crude oil ("bbl"). Boe's may be misleading, particularly if used in isolation. A boe conversion ratio of 6 mcf: 1 bbl
is based on an energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable at the burner tip and does not represent a value
equivalency at the wellhead. 

The resource estimates contained herein are estimates only and the actual results may be greater than or less than the estimates
provided  herein.  The  estimates  of  resources  for  individual  leads  may  not  reflect  the  same  confidence  level  as  estimated
resources for all leads, due to the effects of aggregation. The total prospective resources presented are based on the arithmetic
aggregation of all of the leads, which will result in a greater than 90 percent chance of exceeding the overall Low Estimate total
and less than a 10 percent chance of exceeding the overall High Estimate Total.

Positive aspects of exploration in the Irish Atlantic’s Porcupine Basin are: (I) similarity of basin geology to geology of the northern
part of the Porcupine Basin and the Canadian North Atlantic basins on the conjugate margin where hydrocarbon discoveries
have been made; and (II) a working petroleum system with a proven Jurassic source and the possibility of mature Cretaceous
shales. Potential concerns of exploration in Licences 3/14 and 4/14 are: (I) the presence of significant quantities of reservoir
quality sands at depths of 2,000 to 5,000 metres subsea; (II) lateral seals in Cretaceous stratigraphic traps; and (III) hydrocarbon
migration into potential Cretaceous reservoirs.

Additionally, this Annual Report uses certain standard industry abbreviations as follows:

Oil and Natural Gas Liquids

Natural Gas

Bbls

Mbbls

Mboe

barrels

thousand barrels

Mcf

MMcf

thousand cubic feet

million cubic feet

thousand barrels of oil equivalent

Ghana
Petrel  Resources  holds  a  30%  interest  in  Pan  Andean  Resources  Limited  (60%  Clontarf  Energy)  which  in  turn  holds  a  90%
interest  in  the  Tano  2A  onshore/offshore  block  in  Ghana.  The  balance  of  10%  is  held  by  local  interests.  As  required  under
Ghanaian law, Pan Andean Resources Limited is a Ghanaian company. During the year under review, Petrel Resources plc and
its partners have been in dispute with the Ghanaian Government and the GNPC. We are always reluctant to litigate but were left
with little choice but to seek equitable relief from the independent judiciary. Accordingly, we obtained an Injunction and a High
Court Order prohibiting interference with our property rights over Tano 2A Block, and specifically the award of 529km2 which
falls within our own Petroleum Agreement on Tano 2A Block.

Ghanaian Tano 2A Block:
Despite slow ratification and the worldwide downturn in exploration, Ghana remains an area of high exploration potential and
development activity.

Petrel  Resources  plc  holds  a  30%  interest  (Clontarf  Energy  plc  60%,  local  interests  (Abbey  Oil  &  Gas  Limited)  10%)  in  Pan
Andean Resources Limited, a Ghanaian vehicle which holds a licence over the Tano 2A block offshore Ghana. Agreement was
reached in 2008 with the Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC) but cabinet and parliamentary ratification dragged on.
In  early  2014,  the  Ghanaian  parliament  awarded  ground,  which  appeared  to  partially  overlap  with  our  licence,  to  another
company. Following High Court proceedings in Ghana an agreement was reached by all parties to revise the Tano 2A block co-
ordinates, so as to eliminate any conflict. Although this agreement included a commitment by the authorities to rapidly ratify the
adjusted Petroleum Agreement, the Ghanaian authorities have been slow to finalise the details. We retain the right to apply to
resuscitate High Court proceedings if necessary.

6

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Review of Operations
(continued)

GNPC Activity Map (2014)

with revised coordinates

International  investors  are  major  contributors  to  the  exploration  and  development  of  Ghana’s  oil  potential.  An  important
foundation for this investment is a transparent licensing system, under which Petroleum Agreements are signed by the Ghanaian
National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC) and ratified in good faith by Parliament. Without sanctity of contracts and protection of
property rights the international investment community would not be positive on Ghana. We are keen that this investment and
technology transfer is maintained and expanded.

It was therefore with concern that we learnt in early 2014 that a serious issue has arisen threatening the Petroleum Agreement
signed on Tano 2A Block by Ghanaian company Pan Andean Resources Limited.

Pan Andean Resources Limited signed a Petroleum Agreement on the 1,532km2 onshore / shallow offshore Tano 2A Block in
2008.  To  facilitate  clarifications  requested  by  GNPC  and  an  optimal  work  programme,  Pan  Andean  Resources  Limited  then
signed a revised Petroleum Agreement on the Tano 2A Block in 2010. Since then, Pan Andean plc has invested over $2 million
in good faith in purchasing seismic and other data from GNPC, and working up leads and prospects. Clontarf Energy plc’s and
Petrel Resources plc’s rights and obligations have been fully advertised to the London Stock Exchange, as required under law.

It  was  therefore  with  surprise  that  we  learnt  that  the  Ghanaian  authorities  had  submitted  a  conflicting  licence  proposal  from
Camac  Energy  Ghana  Limited,  Base  Energy  and  GNPC  Explore  Co.  to  Parliament  on  or  about  27th  February  2014.  On
26/3/2014 CAMAC Energy Inc. announced that “Camac Energy Ghana Limited holds 60% of the interest” in a new Ghanaian
Block. There was no suggestion then that they did not own the entire 60%. But on 22/4/2014 CAMAC Energy Inc. (now Erin
Energy, following its name change in April 2015), a NYSE listed company, announced that they only hold 30% of the Block, as
technical operator. This is held by “an indirect 50%-owned subsidiary of the company”. It is unclear who are the shareholders
of that subsidiary and where is it based.

We  understand  that  this  conflicting  licence  proposal  was  rushed  through  Parliament  on  or  about  21st  March  2014  in
“approximately 6 hours”. From these press reports and a Stock Exchange statement of 26th March 2014, the conflicting licence
proposal ingresses 529km2 into the 1,532km2 onshore / shallow offshore Tano 2A Block, by purporting to take a section of the
shallow water acreage already assigned to Tano 2A Block. This purported action was clearly in breach of an existing Petroleum
Agreement  which  remains  valid,  as  confirmed  by  correspondence  from  the  Ministry  of  Energy  dated  4th  March  2014,  and
despatched by the Ministry of Energy to Pan Andean Resources Limited on 27th March 2014.

As  a  result  of  these  actions  by  GNPC  and  the  Ministry  Of  Energy  we  submitted  a  writ  on  the  27th  March  2014,  and  an
interlocutory  injunction  was  put  in  place  as  of  the  7th  April  2014  against  GNPC  (and  following  the  30  day  notice  period  the
Government of Ghana). In accordance with Ghanaian law no further action can take place by any of the parties put on notice
until the issue is resolved. We are concerned for our shareholders but also for Ghana, as this process has breached Ghanaian
standards of transparency, accountability, and rule of law. 

As  a  result  of  these  proceedings,  discussions  in  July  2014  led  to  an  agreement,  involving  all  of  the  parties  to  the  litigation,
including the Ghanaian authorities, on the specific revised co-ordinates of the signed Petroleum Agreement on a licence Block
in the Tano area of Ghana (see figure 1 above). Provided it is properly ratified, this solution is satisfactory for Petrel Resources
plc and its partners. As announced in July 2014, it was agreed that additional, contiguous acreage will be added to preserve
the size of the Block, and a revised Activity Map has been circulated.

All parties have committed themselves to complete the ratification process in accordance with law, which requires Cabinet and
Parliamentary approval.

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

7

Petrel Resources Plc
Review of Operations
(continued)

Accordingly, Pan Andean Resources Ltd has not reapplied to the High Court for further equitable relief but retains its right to
reapply should it prove necessary.

Petrel  Resources  plc  and  its  partners  have  already  conducted  technical  extensive  work,  spending  with  its  partners  circa  $2
million on exploring this prospective acreage. Prior to formal ratification, we are not planning additional detailed work on the
‘new’ area. Our technical staff is monitoring developments on neighbouring acreage and we intend to continue this work as soon
as the legal situation is confirmed and parliamentary ratification completed. We are also open to an equitable alternative that
properly recognises and compensates Petrel Resources plc and its partners’ rights under their signed Petroleum Agreement.

Iraq
Highlights:
•

•

•

•

•

The Iraqi oil industry has experienced an extended period of insecurity and legal uncertainty since 2003. Despite civil
war in the west and north of Iraq, oil production has increased to c. 3.8 million barrels daily.
Petrel  Resources  plc  has  operated  in  Iraq  since  1999.  Given  the  delays  and  difficulties  of  dealing  with  the  Federal
authorities,  Petrel  Resources  plc  broadened  its  Iraqi  investment  by  acquiring  a  20  per  cent  shareholding  in  Amira
Hydrocarbons Wasit B.V. This deal gives Petrel an immediate effective 5 per cent carried interest through to production
in exploration and production licences operated by Oryx Petroleum in Wasit province. Oryx had allocated $27 million to
seismic acquisition and other work on this Wasit project during 2014. Due to administrative delays with permitting, the
acquisition programme and related budget was rolled forward. As of May 2015, these required permits had not yet been
granted. Accordingly, our partner has reduced its estimated Wasit project expenditure for 2015, and rolled the planned
seismic campaign forward.
So far, the Wasit Governate itself has not been materially impacted by disturbances west and north of Baghdad. However,
the civil conflict inevitably distracts the Federal authorities from necessary policy-making and development.

Despite  regional  developments  and  permitting  delays,  Oryx  remains  committed  to  the  Wasit  project,  although  they  cannot
acquire seismic or drill wells until necessary permitting is in place.

Oryx  retains  its  Wasit  Province  asset  at  an  unrisked  404  million  barrels  (MMbbl)  and  risked  78  MMbbl  (Oryx  Petroleum
document, dated 20th May 2015, at http://www.oryxpetroleum.com/en/operations/iraq.php):

Wasit Province
•
•

Wasit is a large, underexplored province in east central Iraq in proximity to the super-giant East Baghdad field.
Oryx  Petroleum  has  a  50%  participating  interest  (40%  working  interest  assuming  the  Wasit  Provincial  Government
exercises  a  20%  back-in  right)  through  a  jointly  owned  company  with  rights  for  oil  exploration  operated  by  Oryx
Petroleum.
The five principal leads identified by Oryx Petroleum to date in the Wasit province are estimated by Netherland, Sewell
& Associates, Inc. as of December 31, 2014 to contain 404 MMbbl of best estimate unrisked gross (working interest)
prospective  oil  resources  (risked:  78  MMbbl)  within  large,  low  relief  structures  and  folded  anticlines.  Oryx  Petroleum
believes these structures are similar to the Zagros Fold Belt, which is one of the primary sources of oil currently produced
in neighbouring Iran.
Given  continuing  political  and  economic  challenges  in  Iraq,  Oryx  Petroleum  does  not  expect  to  commence  such
significant activity in the near-term.”

We believe that Oryx Petroleum remains funded and committed to acquire seismic, drill and develop any discovery once all
necessary permits are in place.

The period since 1980, and especially since 2003, have been challenging for Iraq generally. Despite the conflict to the west and
north of Baghdad, there have only been a few incidents in Wasit since 2014, though there were some unrelated political changes.

Relevant to the implementation of our Wasit Governate contract is that Wasit Governate, together with Basra Governate, have
asked the Federal Government in Baghdad to recognise them as “Semi-Autonomous Regions”. We maintain contact with the
provincial  authorities  and  all  relevant  political  parties  within  the  Wasit  province,  as  well  as  several  high-level  Ministry  of  Oil
officials. Federal oil policy is still evolving, and current thinking is that a hybrid contractual model may ultimately be used; Service
Contracts  would  be  preferred  for  existing  discoveries,  while  a  Production  Sharing  Agreement  (PSA)  model  contract  may  be
employed for yet-to-be-discovered fields.

Despite chaos in Anbar and further north, Iraq’s oil production has slowly increased from a level of circa 3 million barrels daily
to  about  3.8  MMbblod  in  early  2015.  These  production  increases  have  not  fully  compensated  for  lower  oil  prices  in  late
2014/2015,  which  exposed  the  shortcomings  of  recent  Federal  oil  policy  and  prompted  a  general  re-think.  Due  to  Federal
budget shortfalls, many major companies operating in Iraq are taking the oil produced under their existing Service Contracts as
payment, due to the Federal Government’s inability to pay. This disrupts Baghdad crude oil delivery schedule. Accordingly a
political debate is now underway on how best to increase Iraq’s oil output.

8

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Review of Operations
(continued)

Background on Petrel Resources’ participation in Amira Industries’ carry in Oryx’s Wasit Province contracts:

This strategic partnership seeks to strengthen Petrel's position in Iraq, where it has had a presence since 1999, and allows Petrel
to benefit from Amira Industries' reputation and local capability. Amira Industries has been at the forefront of licence acquisitions
in the Iraqi provinces and was the first oil company to sign oil and gas exploration and production contracts with the provincial
governments of Salah ad Din and Wasit. 

Arman Kayablian, COO of Amira Industries N.V., is a non-executive director of Petrel Resources plc. Arman has over 10 years'
experience in project finance and development operations in the energy, utilities and telecommunications industries.

Petrel’s  investment  in  Amira  is  essentially  a  US$500,000  option  price.  The  initial  consideration  comprised  an  up-front  cash
payment of US$500,000 and the issue of locked in 18,947,368 shares in Petrel. 

A further 10,526,316 shares in Petrel will be issued when the first conventional oil well spuds. When a well is spudded these
initial shares become tradeable. A second tranche of 10,526,316 shares will be issued when there is a commercial discovery.
If no drilling takes place within 5 years the deal expires and all share agreements are annulled.

Petrel is also given a right of first refusal to participate or acquire an operated interest in any future exploration and production
licences that Amira Industries secures in the Iraqi provinces of Muthanna, Karbala, Babil and Najaf. None of these provinces
have been greatly affected by the turbulence further west and north during 2014/2015. The terms of Petrel's participation in such
licences are likely to be similar to Amira Industries' arrangement with Oryx Petroleum in respect of the Wasit licences.

Wasit Overview
Wasit is a large, relatively underexplored province in east central Iraq close to the giant East Baghdad field. Amira holds a 25
per cent carried interest in three contracts with the Wasit Provincial Government to explore and develop hydrocarbons in the
Wasit  province:  an  Asphalt  Exploration  Contract,  Seismic  Option  Agreement  and  Risk  Exploration  Contract.  The  Wasit
Government has a back-in right in respect of the licences which, if exercised in full, will reduce Amira's interest to 20 per cent
(equivalent to a 4 per cent carried interest for Petrel). 

The operator of the Wasit Licence is Oryx Petroleum Corporation Ltd, a Canadian E&P independent listed on the TSX with a
market capitalisation of US$1.4 billion. To date, Oryx has identified five principal leads in the province containing 1,010 million
barrels of unrisked prospective oil resources. Amira's interest in the Wasit Licence is carried to production by Oryx.

Oryx plans to commence a seismic data acquisition program as soon as permits are in place and to drill an exploration well
early in the following year, as soon as the seismic data has been processed and evaluated. 

Accordingly, Petrel has been in initial discussions that may lead to the negotiation of local authority licences in Iraq. We have
always been careful to conduct discussions in accordance with applicable laws and will continue to do so.

There  remains  considerable  legal  uncertainty  in  Iraq  but  there  has  been  some  movement  in  recent  years,  which  may  be
accelerated  by  the  2014  oil  price  crash:  we  believe  that  some  smaller  and  medium-sized  prospects  and  fields  may  soon
become available outside the Ministry of Oil’s preferred Technical Service Agreements system.

If so, Petrel should be well placed to negotiate such agreements.

Iraqi production has increased since 2014 and is expected to soon hit 4 million barrels daily of which about 3.3 million barrels
will be exported. This falls well short of long-standing plans, which were to export at 8.5 million barrels daily, with longer-term
plans to rival Saudi Arabia with over 12 million barrels daily.

Such  an  increase  in  Iraqi  oil  output  requires  restructuring  of  the  fiscal  terms  available.  The  experience  of  slow  oil  field
development in Iraq and neighbouring Iran since 1979 shows that investors require a reasonable, risk-adjusted rate of return in
order to invest the required capital, effort and technology to make major projects work.

Petrel retains its interest in the Western Desert Block 6 exploration & development contract, as well as the Technical Cooperation
Agreement on the Merjan oil-field. As of June 2015, the Federal Government is not in effective control of Anbar Governate, which
is therefore unavailable to international operators.

The political and security situation in Iraq has again been challenging over the past year, with events in neighbouring countries
further complicating Iraqi business.

Internal Iraqi political differences have so far impeded consensus on Hydrocarbon Laws and Revenue-Sharing Agreements.

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

9

Petrel Resources Plc
Directors’ Report

The directors present their annual report and the audited financial statements for the financial year ended 31 December 2014.

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

The main activity of Petrel Resources plc and its subsidiaries (the Group) is oil and gas exploration. The Group has exploration
interests in Iraq, Ghana and Ireland.

Further information concerning the activities of the Group during the financial year and its future prospects is contained in the
Chairman’s Statement and Review of Operations.

RESULTS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR

The  consolidated  loss  after  taxation  for  the  financial  year,  transferred  to  reserves,  amounted  to  €2,959,492  (2013:  loss  of
€526,783). The total exchange difference transferred to reserves is €500,887 (2013: loss €218,452). The translation reserve
comprises of foreign exchange movement on translation from US Dollars (functional currency) to Euro (presentation currency).

The directors do not recommend that a dividend be declared for the financial year ended 31 December 2014 (2013: €Nil).

IMPAIRMENT

Due to the political and legal uncertainty in Iraq the directors have decided to impair in full the exploration and evaluation assets
in Iraq to nil, resulting in an impairment charge of €2,470,320.

In addition the group incurred expenditure of €58,655 on various projects in Cameroon and Mozambique. The directors have
decided  to  impair  this  cost,  and  accordingly  an  impairment  charge  of  €58,655  was  written  off  against  the  exploration  and
evaluation assets in Africa

PERFORMANCE REVIEW

The performance review is set out in the Chairman’s Statement and Review of Operations.

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The  Group  is  subject  to  a  number  of  potential  risks  and  uncertainties,  which  could  have  a  material  impact  on  the  long-term
performance of the Group and could cause actual results to differ materially from expectation. The management of risk is the
collective responsibility of the Board of Directors and the Group has developed a range of internal controls and procedures in
order to manage risk. The following risk factors, which are not exhaustive, are the principal risks relevant to the Group’s activities:

Risk

Nature of risk and mitigation

Licence obligations

Requirement for further funding

Operations must be carried out in accordance with the terms of each licence agreed with
the relevant ministry for natural resources in the host country. Typically, the law provides that
operations may be suspended, amended or terminated if a contractor fails to comply with
its obligations under such licences or fails to make timely payments of relevant levies and
taxes.

The  Group  has  regular  communication  and  meetings  with  relevant  government  bodies  to
discuss  future  work  plans  and  receive  feedback  from  those  bodies.  Country  Managers  in
each  jurisdiction  monitor  compliance  with  licence  obligations  and  changes  to  legislation
applicable to the company and reports as necessary to the Board.

The  Group  may  require  additional  funding  to  implement  its  exploration  and  development
plans as well as finance its operational and administrative expenses. There is no guarantee
that future market conditions will permit the raising of the necessary funds by way of issue
of  new  equity,  debt  financing  or  farming  out  of  interests.  If  unsuccessful,  this  may
significantly affect the Group’s ability to execute its long-term growth strategy.

The Board regularly reviews Group cash flow projections and considers different sources of
funds.  The  Group  regularly  meets  with  shareholders  and  the  investor  community  and
communicates through their website and regulatory reporting.

10
10

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Directors’ Report
(continued)

Geological and
development risks

Exploration  activities  are  speculative  and  capital  intensive  and  there  is  no  guarantee  of
identifying commercially recoverable reserves.

The Group activities in Ghana and Ireland are in proven resource basins. The Group uses a
range  of  techniques  to  minimise  risk  prior  to  drilling  and  utilises  independent  experts  to
assess the results of exploration activity.

Title to assets

Title to oil and gas assets in Ghana can be complex.

Exchange rate risk

The  Directors  monitor  any  threats  to  the  Group’s  interest  in  its  licences  and  employ  the
services  of  experienced  and  competent  lawyers  in  relevant  jurisdictions  to  defend  those
interests, where appropriate.

The Group’s expenses, which are primarily to contractors on exploration and development,
are incurred in US Dollars, Sterling and Euro. The Group’s policy is to conduct and manage
its operations in US Dollars and therefore it is exposed to fluctuations in the relative values
of the Euro and Sterling.

The Group seeks to minimise its exposure to currency risk by closely monitoring exchange
rates and maintaining a level of cash in foreign denominated currencies sufficient to meet
planned expenditure in that currency.

Political risk

The Group holds assets in Ghana and Ireland and therefore the Group is exposed to country
specific risks such as the political, social and economic stability of these countries.

The countries in which the Group operates are encouraging foreign investment.

The  Group’s  projects  are  longstanding  and  we  have  established  strong  relationships  with
local and national government which enable the Group to monitor the political and regulatory
environment.

Financial risk management

Details of the Group’s financial risk management policies are set out in Note 19.

In addition to the above there can be no assurance that current exploration programmes will result in profitable operations. The
recoverability  of  the  carrying  value  of  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  is  dependent  upon  the  successful  discovery  of
economically  recoverable  reserves,  the  achievement  of  profitable  operations,  and  the  ability  of  the  Group  to  raise  additional
financing, if necessary, or alternatively upon the Group’s and company’s ability to dispose of its interests on an advantageous
basis. Changes in future conditions could require material write down of the carrying values of the Group’s assets.

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

The  Group  reviews  expenditure  incurred  on  exploration  projects  and  successes  thereon,  ongoing  operating  costs  and
availability of finance.

DIRECTORS

The current directors are listed on the inside back cover.

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

11
11

Petrel Resources Plc
Directors’ Report
(continued)

DIRECTORS’ AND SECRETARY’S INTERESTS IN SHARES

The  directors  and  secretary  holding  office  at  31  December  2014  held  the  following  beneficial  interests  in  the  shares  of  the
company:

J. Teeling
D. Horgan
J. Finn (Secretary)
A. Kayablian ***

31/12/2014
Ordinary
Shares of
€0.0125

Number

5,415,000
4,215,384
1,785,384
-

31/12/2014
Options -
Ordinary
Shares of
€0.0125
Number

100,000
150,000
100,000
-

1/1/2014
Ordinary
Shares of
€0.0125

Number

5,415,000
4,215,384
1,785,384
-

1/1/2014
Options -
Ordinary
Shares of
€0.0125
Number

100,000
150,000
100,000
-

***(A. Kayablian is also a director of Amira International Holdings Limited)

There have been no changes to the directors’ interests between the financial year end and the date of this report.

SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDINGS

The  share  register  records  that,  in  addition  to  the  directors,  the  following  shareholders  held  3%  or  more  of  the  issued  share
capital as at 31 December 2014 and 25 May 2015:

Amira International Holdings Limited
Citibank Nominees (Ireland) Limited (CLRLUX)
TD Direct Investing Nominee (Europe) Limited
L. R. Nominees Limited
Barclayshare Nominees Limited
HSDL Nominees Limited

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

31 December
2014
Number of
Ordinary
Shares

16,147,368
10,020,413
5,432,323
4,008,877
3,731,462
3,336,040

25 May
2015
Number of
Ordinary
Shares

16,147,368
9,890,055
4,703,861
-
3,445,774
3,977,815

%

16.20
10.05
5.45
4.02
3.74
3.35

%

16.20
9.92
4.72
-
3.46
3.99

Details of the Group’s financial risk management policies are set out in Note 19 to the financial statements.

GOING CONCERN

Information in relation to going concern is outlined in Note 3.

12
12

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Directors’ Report
(continued)

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

The Board is committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and to managing the company in an honest
and ethical manner.

The Board approves the Group’s strategy, investment plans and regularly reviews operational and financial performance, risk
management, and Health, Safety, Environment and Community (HSEC) matters.

The  Chairman  is  responsible  for  the  leadership  of  the  Board,  whilst  the  Executive  Directors  are  responsible  for  formulating
strategy and delivery once agreed by the Board.

The Group aims to maximise use of natural resources, such as energy and water, and is committed to full investment as part of
its environmental obligations where applicable.

The  Group  works  toward  positive  and  constructive  relationships  with  government,  neighbours  and  the  public,  ensuring  fair
treatment of those affected by the Group’s operations. In particular, the Group aims to provide employees with a healthy and
safe working environment whilst receiving payment, which enables them to maintain a reasonable lifestyle for themselves and
their families.

SUBSIDIARIES

Details of the company’s significant subsidiaries are set out in Note 14 to the financial statements.

CHARITABLE AND POLITICAL DONATIONS

The company made no political or charitable contributions during the financial year.

ACCOUNTING RECORDS

To ensure that proper books and accounting records are kept in accordance with Section 281 to 285 of the Companies Act,
2014, the directors have involved appropriately qualified accounting personnel and have maintained appropriate computerised
accounting systems. The books of account are located at the company’s office at 162 Clontarf Road, Dublin 3.

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Details of significant subsequent events are outlined in Note 24.

AUDITORS

Deloitte, Chartered Accountants and Statutory Audit Firm, continue in office as auditors in accordance with Section 383(2) of
the Companies Act 2014.

Signed on behalf of the Board:

John Teeling
Director

24 June 2015

David Horgan
Director

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

13
13

Petrel Resources Plc
Directors’ Responsibilities Statement

The directors’ are responsible for preparing the directors’ report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable Irish
law and regulation.

Irish company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under the company law, the
directors  have  elected  to  prepare  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  International  Reporting  Standards  (IFRS)  as
adopted by the European Union (“relevant financial reporting framework”). Under company law, the directors must not approve
the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities and financial position
of the company and the Group as at the financial year end date and of the profit or loss of the Group for the financial year and
otherwise comply with the Companies Act 2014.

In preparing those financial statements, the directors are required to:

•

•

•

•

select  suitable  accounting  policies  for  the  Group  and  the  parent  company  financial  statements  and  then  apply  them
consistently;

make judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

state  whether  the  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  applicable  accounting  standards,
identify these standards, and note the effect and reason for any material departure from the standards; and

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will
continue in business.

The directors are responsible for ensuring that the company keeps or causes to be kept adequate accounting records which
correctly explain and record the transactions for the company, enable at any time the assets, liabilities, financial position and
profit or loss of the company to be determined with reasonable accuracy, enable them to ensure that the financial statements
and the directors’ report comply with the Companies Act 2014 and enable the financial statements to be audited. They are also
responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection
of fraud and other irregularities. The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial
information included on the company’s website. Legislation in Ireland governing the preparation and dissemination of financial
statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

14
14

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Independent Auditors’ Report To The Members Of Petrel Resources Plc

We  have  audited  the  financial  statements  of  Petrel  Resources  Plc  for  the  financial  year  ended  31  December  2014  which
comprise the Group Financial Statements: the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Balance
Sheet,  the  Group  Statement  of  Changes  in  Equity  and  the  Consolidated  Cash  Flow  Statement  and  the  Company  Financial
Statements: the Company Balance Sheet, the Company Statement of Changes in Equity, the Company Cash Flow Statement
and the related notes 1 to 26. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the group and parent
financial  statements  is  the  Companies  Act  2014  and  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRSs)  as  adopted  by  the
European Union (“relevant financial reporting framework”).

This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Section 391 of the Companies Act, 2014.
Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state
to  them  in  an  auditors’  report  and  for  no  other  purpose.  To  the  fullest  extent  permitted  by  law,  we  do  not  accept  or  assume
responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or
for the opinions we have formed.

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors
As  explained  more  fully  in  the  Directors’  Responsibilities  Statement,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  the  preparation  of  the
financial statements giving a true and fair view and otherwise comply with the Companies Act 2014. Our responsibility is to audit
and express an opinion on the financial statements in accordance with the Companies Act 2014 and International Standards on
Auditing  (UK  and  Ireland).  Those  standards  require  us  to  comply  with  the  Auditing  Practices  Board’s  Ethical  Standards  for
Auditors.

Scope of the audit of the financial statements
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to give reasonable
assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This includes an
assessment of: whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the group’s and the parent company’s circumstances and
have been consistently applied and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by the
directors;  and  the  overall  presentation  of  the  financial  statements.  In  addition,  we  read  all  the  financial  and  non-financial
information in the Reports and Consolidated Financial Statements for the financial year ended 31 December 2014 to identify
material  inconsistencies  with  the  audited  financial  statements  and  to  identify  any  information  that  is  apparently  materially
incorrect based on, or materially inconsistent with, the knowledge acquired by us in the course of performing the audit. If we
become aware of any apparent material misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the implications for our report.

Opinion on financial statements
In our opinion:

•

•

the group and parent company financial statements give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities and financial position
of the group and parent company, as at 31 December 2014 and of the loss of the group for the financial year then ended;
and
the group and parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with relevant financial
reporting framework and, in particular, with the requirements of the Companies Acts, 2014.

Emphasis of matter – Realisation of intangible assets and Going Concern
In forming our opinion on the financial statements, which is not modified, we draw your attention to:

•

•

Note 12, 13, 14 and 15 to the financial statements concerning financial assets, the valuation and realisation of intangible
assets, investment in subsidiaries and amounts due from subsidiaries. The realisation of intangible assets of €1,539,277
and  financial  assets  of  €4,211,123  included  in  the  consolidated  balance  sheet  and  intangible  assets  of  €1,528,040,
investments  in  subsidiaries  of  €15,019  and  amounts  due  from  subsidiaries  of  €4,207,341  included  in  the  company
balance sheet is dependent on the discovery and successful development of economic reserves including the ability of
the Group to raise sufficient finance to develop these projects. The ultimate outcome of these uncertainties cannot, at
present, be determined.

Note 3 to the financial statements which indicates that the group incurred a loss of €2,959,492 during the year and had
a  retained  earnings  deficit  of  €16,226,669  at  the  balance  sheet  date.  These  conditions  indicate  the  existence  of  a
material  uncertainty  which  may  cast  significant  doubt  about  the  Group’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern.  The
Group had a cash balance of €1,330,766 at the balance sheet date. Cash flow projections prepared by the directors
indicate that the funds available are sufficient to meet the obligations of the Group for a period of at least twelve months
from the date of approval of the financial statements. The directors have prepared the financial statements of the Group
on the basis that the Group is a going concern. The financial statements do not include the adjustments that would result
if the Group was unable to continue as a going concern.

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

15
15

Petrel Resources Plc
Independent Auditors’ Report To The Members Of Petrel Resources Plc
(continued)

Matters on which we are required to report by the Companies Acts, 2014
•
•

We have obtained all the information and explanations which we consider necessary for the purposes of our audit.
In  our  opinion  the  accounting  records  of  the  parent  company  were  sufficient  to  permit  the  financial  statements  to  be
readily and properly audited.
The parent company balance sheet is in agreement with the accounting records.
In our opinion the information given in the directors’ report is consistent with the financial statements.

•
•

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
We have nothing to report in respect of the provisions in the Companies Acts, 2014 which require us to report to you if, in our
opinion the disclosures of directors’ remuneration and transactions specified by law are not made.

Ciarán O'Brien
For and on behalf of Deloitte
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Audit Firm
Dublin

24 June 2015

16
16

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Consolidated Statement Of Comprehensive Income
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014

CONTINUING OPERATIONS

Administrative expenses

Impairment of evaluation and exploration assets

OPERATING LOSS

Investment revenue

LOSS BEFORE TAXATION

Income tax expense

LOSS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR:
all attributable to equity holders of the parent

Other comprehensive (expense)/income

Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss

Exchange differences

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR

Loss per share – basic and diluted

Notes

2014
€

2013
€

5

5

4

5

(430,903)

(528,597)

(2,528,975)
––––––––––
(2,959,878)

-
––––––––––
(528,597)

386
––––––––––
(2,959,492)

1,814
––––––––––
(526,783)

10

-
––––––––––

-
––––––––––

(2,959,492)

(526,783)

-

-

-

-

500,887
––––––––––
(2,458,605)
––––––––––
––––––––––

(218,452)
––––––––––
(745,235)
––––––––––
––––––––––

11

(2.97c)
––––––––––
––––––––––

(0.63c)
––––––––––
––––––––––

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

17
17

Petrel Resources Plc
Consolidated Balance Sheet
As At 31 December 2014

ASSETS

NON-CURRENT ASSETS

Financial asset
Intangible assets

CURRENT ASSETS

Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

TOTAL ASSETS

CURRENT LIABILITIES

Trade and other payables

NET CURRENT ASSETS

NET ASSETS

EQUITY

Called-up share capital
Capital conversion reserve fund
Share premium
Share based payment reserve
Translation reserve
Retained deficit

TOTAL EQUITY

Notes

2014
€

2013
€

12
13

15
16

17

20

20
21

4,211,123
1,539,277
––––––––––
5,750,400
––––––––––

4,211,123
4,017,982
––––––––––
8,229,105
––––––––––

44,408
1,330,766
––––––––––
1,375,174
––––––––––
7,125,574
––––––––––

34,044
1,425,025
––––––––––
1,459,069
––––––––––
9,688,174
––––––––––

(306,831)
––––––––––
1,068,343
––––––––––
6,818,743
––––––––––
––––––––––

(410,826)
––––––––––
1,048,243
––––––––––
9,277,348
––––––––––
––––––––––

1,246,025
7,694
21,416,085
26,871
348,737

1,246,025
7,694
21,416,085
26,871
(152,150)
(16,226,669) (13,267,177)
––––––––––
9,277,348
––––––––––
––––––––––

––––––––––
6,818,743
––––––––––
––––––––––

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 24 June 2015 and signed on its behalf by:

John Teeling
Director

David Horgan
Director

18
18

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Company Balance Sheet
As At 31 December 2014

ASSETS

NON-CURRENT ASSETS

Intangible assets
Investment in subsidiaries

CURRENT ASSETS

Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

TOTAL ASSETS

CURRENT LIABILITIES

Trade and other payables

NET CURRENT ASSETS

NET ASSETS

EQUITY

Called-up share capital
Capital conversion reserve fund
Share premium
Share based payment reserve
Translation reserve
Retained deficit

TOTAL EQUITY

Notes

2014
€

2013
€

13
14

15
16

17

20

20
21

1,528,040
15,019
––––––––––
1,543,059
––––––––––

4,006,745
15,019
––––––––––
4,021,764
––––––––––

4,251,749
1,330,766
––––––––––
5,582,515
––––––––––
7,125,574
––––––––––

4,241,385
1,425,025
––––––––––
5,666,410
––––––––––
9,688,174
––––––––––

(306,831)
––––––––––
5,275,684
––––––––––
6,818,743
––––––––––
––––––––––

(410,826)
––––––––––
5,255,584
––––––––––
9,277,348
––––––––––
––––––––––

1,246,025
7,694
21,416,085
26,871
348,737

1,246,025
7,694
21,416,085
26,871
(152,150)
(16,226,669) (13,267,177)
––––––––––
9,277,348
––––––––––
––––––––––

––––––––––
6,818,743
––––––––––
––––––––––

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 24 June 2015 and signed on its behalf by:

John Teeling
Director

David Horgan
Director

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

19
19

Petrel Resources Plc
Consolidated And Company Statements Of Changes In Equity
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014

Group and company

At 1 January 2013
Shares issued
Share options granted
Total comprehensive
income for the financial year

At 31 December 2013

Total comprehensive
income for the financial year

At 31 December 2014

Share premium

Share
Capital
€

Share
Premium
€

Capital
Conversion
Reserve
fund
€

Share
Based

Payment Translation
Reserve
Reserve
€
€

Retained
Deficit
€

Total
€

958,308
287,717
-

17,784,268
3,631,817
-

7,694
-
-

-
-
26,871

66,302 (12,740,394)
-
-

-
-

6,076,178
3,919,534
26,871

-
––––––––––
1,246,025

-
––––––––––
21,416,085

-
––––––––––
7,694

-
––––––––––
26,871

(218,452)
––––––––––

(526,783)
––––––––––
(152,150) (13,267,177)

(745,235)
––––––––––
9,277,348

-
––––––––––
1,246,025
––––––––––
––––––––––

-
––––––––––
21,416,085
––––––––––
––––––––––

-
––––––––––
7,694
––––––––––
––––––––––

-
––––––––––
26,871
––––––––––
––––––––––

500,887
––––––––––

(2,959,492)
––––––––––
348,737 (16,226,669)
––––––––––
––––––––––

––––––––––
––––––––––

(2,458,605)
––––––––––
6,818,743
––––––––––
––––––––––

Share premium comprises of the excess of monies received in respect of the issue of share capital over the nominal value of
shares issued.

Capital conversion reserve fund

The ordinary shares of the company were renominalised from €0.0126774 each to €0.0125 each in 2001 and the amount by
which the issued share capital of the company was reduced was transferred to the capital conversion reserve fund.

Share based payment reserve

The share based payment reserve represents share options granted which are not yet exercised and issued as shares.

Translation Reserve

The translation reserve comprises of foreign exchange movement on translation from US Dollars (functional currency) to Euro
(presentation currency).

Retained deficit

Retained deficit comprises accumulated losses in the current financial year and prior financial years.

20
20

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Consolidated Cash Flow Statement
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014

CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Loss for the financial year
Impairment charge
Share based payments
Investment revenue recognised in loss

OPERATING CASHFLOW BEFORE MOVEMENTS IN WORKING CAPITAL

Movements in working capital:
(Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables
(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables

CASH USED IN OPERATIONS

Investment revenue

NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES

INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Payments for exploration and evaluation assets
Receipts in respect of farm out of exploration assets
Payments for investments

NET CASH GENERATED/(USED) IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Proceeds from share issue

NET CASH GENERATED FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of financial year

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash held in foreign currencies

Cash and cash equivalents at end of financial year

Notes

2014
€

2013
€

(2,959,492)
2,528,975
-
(386)
––––––––––
(430,903)

(526,783)
19,658
13,435
(1,814)
––––––––––
(495,504)

(216,495)
(10,364)
––––––––––
(657,762)

3,631
9,422
––––––––––
(482,451)

386
––––––––––
(657,376)
––––––––––

1,814
––––––––––
(480,637)
––––––––––

(575,303)
945,214
-
––––––––––
369,911
––––––––––

(747,172)
-
(421,649)
––––––––––
(1,168,821)
––––––––––

-
––––––––––
-
––––––––––
(287,465)

130,060
––––––––––
130,060
––––––––––
(1,519,398)

1,425,025

3,015,858

193,206
––––––––––
1,330,766
––––––––––
––––––––––

(71,435)
––––––––––
1,425,025
––––––––––
––––––––––

16

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

21
21

Petrel Resources Plc
Company Cash Flow Statement
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014

CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Loss for the financial year
Impairment charge
Share based payment
Investment revenue recognised in loss

OPERATING CASHFLOW BEFORE MOVEMENTS IN WORKING CAPITAL

Movements in working capital:
(Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables
(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables

CASH USED IN OPERATIONS

Investment revenue

NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES

INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Payments for exploration and evaluation assets
Receipts in respect of farm out of exploration assets
Payments for investments

NET CASH GENERATED/(USED) IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Proceeds from share issue

NET CASH GENERATED FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of financial year

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash held in foreign currencies

Cash and cash equivalents at end of financial year

Notes

2014
€

2013
€

(2,959,492)
2,528,975
-
(386)
––––––––––
(430,903)

(526,783)
19,658
13,435
(1,814)
––––––––––
(495,504)

(216,495)
(10,364)
––––––––––
(657,762)

3,631
(408,446)
––––––––––
(900,319)

386
––––––––––
(657,376)
––––––––––

1,814
––––––––––
(898,505)
––––––––––

(575,303)
945,214
-
––––––––––
369,911
––––––––––

(747,172)
-
(3,782)
––––––––––
(750,953)
––––––––––

-
––––––––––
-
––––––––––

130,060
––––––––––
130,060
––––––––––

(287,465)

(1,519,398)

1,425,025

3,015,858

193,206
––––––––––
1,330,766
––––––––––
––––––––––

(71,435)
––––––––––
1,425,025
––––––––––
––––––––––

16

22
22

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014

1.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The significant accounting policies adopted by the Group and company are as follows:

(i)

Basis of preparation

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention. The consolidated financial statements are
presented in Euro.

(ii)

Statement of compliance

The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRSs)
issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  (IASB)  and  International  Financial  Reporting  Interpretations
Committee (IFRIC) as adopted by the European Union.

The financial statements are prepared under the Companies Acts, 2014.

(iii)

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the
Company (its subsidiaries) made up to 31 December each financial year. Control is achieved where the Company has
the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an investee entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities
or is exposed, or has any right to, variable return from its involvement with the investee.

All intra-Group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated on consolidation.

(iv)

Investment in subsidiaries

Investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost less any allowance for impairment.

(v)

Intangible assets

Exploration and evaluation assets
Exploration expenditure relates to the initial search for mineral deposits with economic potential in Ireland and Ghana.
Evaluation  expenditure  arises  from  a  detailed  assessment  of  deposits  that  have  been  identified  as  having  economic
potential.

The  costs  of  exploration  properties  and  leases,  which  include  the  cost  of  acquiring  prospective  properties  and
exploration rights and costs incurred in exploration and evaluation activities, are capitalised as intangible assets as part
of exploration and evaluation assets.

Under a farm out agreement a gain or loss is not recognised on the basis of the partial disposal of any exploration and
evaluation asset that has already been capitalised. Any proceeds received that are not attributable to future expenditure
are simply credited against the carrying amount of any existing exploration and evaluation expenditure.

Exploration costs are capitalised as an intangible asset until technical feasibility and commercial viability of extraction of
reserves  are  demonstrable,  when  the  capitalised  exploration  costs  are  re-classed  to  property,  plant  and  equipment.
Exploration  costs  include  an  allocation  of  administration  and  salary  costs  (including  share  based  payments)  as
determined by management, where they relate to specific projects.

Prior to reclassification to property, plant and equipment exploration and evaluation assets are assessed for impairment
and any impairment loss is recognised immediately in the statement of comprehensive income.

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

23
23

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

1.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(v)

Intangible assets (continued)

Impairment of intangible assets
Exploration and evaluation assets are assessed for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying
amount may exceed its recoverable amount. The Company reviews and tests for impairment on an ongoing basis and
specifically if any of the following occurs:

a)

b)

c)

d)

the period for which the group has a right to explore in the specific area has expired during the period or will
expire in the near future, and is not expected to be renewed;
substantive expenditure on further exploration for and evaluation of oil or gas resources in the specific area is
neither budgeted nor planned;
exploration for an evaluation of resources in the specific area have not led to the discovery of commercially viable
quantities of oil or gas resources and the group has decided to discontinue such activities in the specific area;
and
sufficient data exists to indicate that although a development in the specific area is likely to proceed the carrying
amount of the exploration and evaluation asset is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development or
by sale.

(vi)

Foreign currencies

The financial statements of the Company are maintained in the currency of the primary economic environment in which
it operates (its functional currency). The functional currency of the company is US Dollars. However, for the purpose of
the consolidated financial statements, the results and financial position of the Company and Group are expressed in Euro
(the presentation currency). This is for the benefit of the Company and Group’s shareholders, the majority of whom reside
in the Eurozone.

In  preparing  the  financial  statements  of  the  individual  companies,  transactions  in  currencies  other  than  the  entity’s
functional currency (foreign currencies) are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of the transactions.
At each balance sheet date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated
at the rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign
currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was re-determined. Non-monetary items
that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.

Exchange  differences  arising  on  the  settlement  of  monetary  items,  and  on  the  retranslation  of  monetary  items,  are
included in the statement of comprehensive income for the period. Exchange differences arising on the retranslation of
non-monetary items carried at fair value are included in the statement of comprehensive income for the period except
for differences arising on the retranslation of non-monetary items in respect of which gains and losses are recognised
directly in equity.

For the purpose of presenting consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the Company and Group’s
foreign operations are translated at exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are
translated at the average exchange rates for the period, unless exchange rates fluctuate significantly during that period,
in which case the exchange rates at the date of transactions are used. All resulting exchange differences are recognised
in other comprehensive income.

(vii)

Taxation

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

Current tax is based on the taxable result for the financial year. Taxable result differs from net loss as reported in the
statement of comprehensive income because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in
other financial years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group’s liability for current
tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

24
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Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

1.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(vii)

Taxation (continued)

Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets
and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable result, and
is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable
temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of
unused tax assets and unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against
which  deductible  temporary  differences  and  the  carry  forward  of  unused  tax  credits  and  unused  tax  losses  can  be
utilised.

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset
is realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax is charged or credited in the statement of comprehensive income, except when it relates to items charged
or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity.

Unrecognised deferral tax assets are reassessed at each balance sheet date and are recognised to the event that it has
become probable that future taxable projects will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

(viii) Share-based payments

The  Group  and  Company  have  applied  the  requirements  of  IFRS  2  “Share-Based  Payments”.  In  accordance  with  the
transitional provisions, IFRS 2 has been applied to all equity instruments vesting after 1 January 2006.

Equity settled share-based payments are measured at fair value at the date of grant. The fair value excludes the effect
of non-market based vesting conditions. The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based
payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based on the Group and Company’s estimate of
shares  that  will  eventually  vest.  At  the  balance  sheet  date  the  Group  reviews  its  estimate  of  the  nature  of  equity
instruments expected to vest as a result of the effect of non-market based vesting conditions.

Where  the  value  of  the  goods  or  services  received  in  exchange  for  the  share-based  payment  cannot  be  reliably
estimated the fair value is measured by use of a Black-Scholes model.

(ix)

Operating loss

Operating loss comprises general administrative costs incurred by the Company. Operating loss is stated before finance
income, finance costs and other gains and losses.

(x)

Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Group and Company balance sheet when the Group and
Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial Assets
Financial assets are initially recognised at fair value. Subsequent measurement is at cost for equity instruments for which
no  quoted  price  exists  on  an  active  market  and  for  which  fair  value  cannot  be  reliably  measured.  If  the  recoverable
amount falls below the carrying amount an impairment loss is recognised. Such losses are not reversed. .

Trade and other receivables
Trade  and  other  receivables  are  measured  at  initial  recognition  at  invoice  value,  which  approximates  to  fair  value.
Appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income
when there is objective evidence that the carrying value of the asset exceeds the recoverable amount. Subsequently,
trade and other receivables are classified as loans and receivables which are measured at amortised cost, using the
effective interest method.

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash held by the Group and Company and short-term bank deposits with a maturity
of three months or less from the date of placement.

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

25
25

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

1.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(x)

Financial instruments (continued)

Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into.

Trade payables
Trade payables are classified as financial liabilities, are initially measured at fair value, and are subsequently measured
at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.

Equity instruments
Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

(xi)

Critical accounting judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty

Critical judgments in applying the Group and Company accounting policies
In  the  process  of  applying  the  Group  and  Company  accounting  policies  above,  management  has  identified  the
judgmental areas as those that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements
(apart from those involving estimations, which are dealt with below):

Exploration and evaluation
The  assessment  of  whether  general  administration  costs  and  salary  costs  are  capitalised  or  expensed  involves
judgement. Management considers the nature of each cost incurred and whether it is deemed appropriate to capitalise
it within intangible assets.

Costs which can be demonstrated as project related are included within exploration and evaluation assets. Exploration
and evaluation assets relate to exploration and related expenditure in Ireland, Iraq and Ghana.

The Group and Company’s exploration activities are subject to a number of significant and potential risks including:

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Licence obligations;
Funding requirements;
Political and legal risks, including title to licence, profit sharing and taxation;
Geological and development risks;
Exchange rate risk;
Political risk; and
Financial risk management:

The recoverability of these exploration and evaluation assets is dependent on the discovery and successful development
of economic reserves, including the ability to raise finance to develop future projects. Should this prove unsuccessful,
the value included in the balance sheet would be written off as an impairment to the statement of comprehensive income.

Impairment of intangible assets
The assessment of intangible assets for any indications of impairment involves judgement. If an indication of impairment
exists, a formal estimate of recoverable amount is performed and an impairment loss recognised to the extent that the
carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is determined as the higher of fair value less
costs to sell and value in use.

The assessment requires judgements as to the likely future commerciality of the assets and when such commerciality
should be determined, future revenue and operating costs and the discount rate to be applied to such revenues and
costs.

26
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Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

1.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(xi)

Critical accounting judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty (continued)

Deferred tax assets
The  assessment  of  availability  of  future  taxable  profits  involves  judgement.  A  deferred  tax  asset  is  recognised  to  the
extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences and the
carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.

Going Concern
The preparation of financial statements requires an assessment on the validity of the going concern assumption. The
validity  of  the  going  concern  assumption  is  dependent  on  finance  being  available  for  the  continuing  working  capital
requirements of the Group and Company and finance for the development of the Group’s projects.

Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The  preparation  of  financial  statements  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the
amounts  reported  for  assets  and  liabilities  at  the  balance  sheet  date  and  the  amounts  reported  in  the  statement  of
comprehensive income for the financial year. The nature of estimation means that actual outcomes could differ from those
estimates. The key sources of estimation uncertainty that have a significant risk of causing material adjustment to the
carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.

The  assessment  of  intangible  assets  for  any  indication  of  impairment  involves  uncertainty.  There  is  uncertainty  as  to
whether  the  exploration  activity  will  yield  any  economically  viable  discovery.  Aspects  of  uncertainty  surrounding  the
group’s intangible assets include the amount of potential reserves, ability to be awarded exploration licences, and the
ability to raise sufficient finance to develop the group’s projects.

2.

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS

The Group did not adopt any new International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) or Interpretations in the financial
year that had a material impact on the Group’s Financial Statements. The following IFRS became effective since the last
Annual Report but had no material impact on the Financial Statements:

IAS 27 (revised May 2011)
IAS 28 (revised May 2011)
IFRS 10
IFRS 11
IFRS 12
IAS 32 (amendment)
IFRS 10, IFRS 12,
IAS 27 (amendment)
IFRIC 21
IAS 26 (amendment)
IAS 39 (amendment)
IAS 19 (amendment)

Separate Financial Statements
Investment in Associates and Joint Ventures
Consolidated Financial Statements
Joint Arrangements
Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities
Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

Effective date
1 January 2014
1 January 2014
1 January 2014
1 January 2014
1 January 2014
1 January 2014

Investment Entities
Levies
Recoverable Amount Disclosures for Non-Financial Assets
Novation of Derivatives and Continuation of Hedge Accounting
Defined Benefit Plans: Employee Contributions

1 January 2014
17 June 2014
1 January 2014
1 January 2014
1 July 2014

At  the  date  of  authorisation  of  these  financial  statements,  the  following  Standards  and  Interpretations  which  have  not
been applied in these financial statements were in issue but not yet effective.

Annual Improvements to
IFRSs: 2010-12 Cycle
Annual Improvements to
IFRSs: 2011-13
IFRS 14
IFRS 11 (amendment)
IAS 16 and IAS 38
(amendment)
IFRS 15
IAS 16 and IAS 41
(amendment)

Annual Improvements to IFRSs: 2010-12 Cycle

1 February 2015

Annual Improvements to IFRSs: 2011-13 Cycle
Regulatory Deferral Accounts
Accounting for Acquisitions of Interests in Joint Operations
Clarification of Acceptable Methods of Depreciation
and Amortisation
Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Agriculture: Bearer Plants

1 January 2015
1 January 2016
1 January 2016

1 January 2016
1 January 2017

1 January 2016

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

27
27

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

2.

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (CONTINUED)

IFRS 9
IAS 27 (amendment)
IFRS 10 and IAS 27
(amendment)

Annual Improvements to
IFRSs: 2012-14 Cycle
IAS 1 (amendment)
IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and
IAS 10 (amendment)

Financial Instruments
Equity Method in Separate Financial Statements
Sale or Contribution of Assets between an
Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture

1 January 2018
1 January 2016

1 January 2016

Annual Improvements to IFRSs: 2012-2014 Cycle
Disclosure Initiative

1 January 2016
1 January 2016

Investment Entities: Applying the Consolidation Exception

1 January 2016

The Directors are currently assessing the impact in relation to the adoption of these Standards and Interpretations for
future periods of the Group, however, at this point they do not believe they will have a significant impact on the financial
statements of the Group in the period of initial application.

3.

GOING CONCERN

The Group and Company incurred a loss for the financial year of €2,959,492 (2013: loss of €526,783) and had a retained
earnings  deficit  of  €16,226,669  (2013:  deficit  of  €13,267,177),  at  the  balance  sheet  date  leading  to  doubt  about  the
Group and Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Group and Company had a cash balance of €1,330,766 at the balance sheet date. Cash flow projections prepared
by the directors indicate that the funds available are sufficient to meet the obligations of the Group and Company for a
period of at least twelve months from the date of approval of these financial statements. Accordingly the directors are
satisfied that it is appropriate to continue to prepare the financial statements of the Group and Company on the going
concern basis, as the group has sufficient cash resources that can be used to develop exploration projects along with
funding  the  day  to  day  running  of  the  Group.  The  financial  statements  do  not  include  any  adjustment  to  the  carrying
amount,  or  classification  of  assets  and  liabilities,  which  would  be  required  if  the  Group  or  Company  was  unable  to
continue as a going concern.

4.

INVESTMENT REVENUE

Interest on bank deposits

5.

LOSS BEFORE TAXATION

The loss before taxation is stated after charging the following items:

Administrative expenses:
Professional fees
Staff costs - salaries

- payroll taxes

Other administration expenses
Impairment of exploration and evaluation expenditure (Note 13)
Share based payments

Details of auditors’ and directors’ remuneration are set out in Notes 6 and 7 respectively.

28
28

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Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

2014
€

2013
€

386
––––––––––
––––––––––

1,814
––––––––––
––––––––––

2014
€

2013
€

230,148
150,158
10,032
40,565
2,528,975
-
––––––––––
2,959,878
––––––––––
––––––––––

234,383
148,606
16,618
95,897
19,658
13,435
––––––––––
528,597
––––––––––
––––––––––

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

6.

AUDITORS’ REMUNERATION

Auditors’ remuneration for work carried out for the Group and Company in respect of the financial year is as follows:

Group

Audit of Group accounts
Other assurance services
Tax advisory services
Other non-audit services

Total

Company

Audit of individual company accounts
Other assurance services
Tax advisory services
Other non-audit services

Total

7.

RELATED PARTY AND OTHER TRANSACTIONS

Group and Company

Directors’ remuneration
The remuneration of the directors is as follows:

2014
€

2013
€

19,000
1,000
1,000
-
––––––––––
21,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

19,000
1,000
1,000
-
––––––––––
21,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

9,500
9,500
1,000
-
––––––––––
20,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

9,500
9,500
1,000
-
––––––––––
20,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

John Teeling
David Horgan

2014
Fees –
services as
directors
€

2014
Fees –
other
services
€

2014

Total
€

2013
Fees –
services as
directors
€

2013
Fees –
other
services
€

2013

Total
€

5,000
5,000
––––––––––
10,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

95,000
145,000
––––––––––
240,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

100,000
150,000
––––––––––
250,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

5,000
5,000
––––––––––
10,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

95,000
145,000
––––––––––
240,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

100,000
150,000
––––––––––
250,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

The number of directors to whom retirement benefits are accruing is nil. There were no entitlements to pension schemes
or retirement benefits. Details of directors’ interests in the shares of the company are set out in the Directors’ Report.

Directors’ remuneration of €175,000 (2013: €175,000) was capitalised as exploration and evaluation expenditure as set
out in Note 13.

Directors’ remuneration accrued at financial year end 31 December 2014 was €162,500 (2013: €246,518).

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

29
29

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

7.

RELATED PARTY AND OTHER TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)

Key management compensation

Key management personnel are deemed to be John Teeling (Chairman), David Horgan (Managing Director), and James
Finn (Chief Financial Officer). The total compensation expense comprising solely of short-term benefits in respect of key
management personnel was as follows:

Short-term employee benefits

2014
€

2013
€

350,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

350,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

Key management compensation accrued at year end 31 December 2014 was €212,500 (2013: €271,518).

Other

Petrel Resources plc shares offices and overheads with a number of companies also based at 162 Clontarf Road. These
companies have some common directors.

Transactions with these companies during the financial year are set out below:

Balance at 1 January 2013
Office and overhead costs recharged
Repayments

Balance at 31 December 2013

Office and overhead costs recharged
Repayments

Balance at 31 December 2014

Company

Botswana
Diamonds
plc
€

-
4,042
(4,042)
––––––––––
-
––––––––––
––––––––––

6,302
(6,302)
––––––––––
-
––––––––––
––––––––––

Clontarf Connemara
Mining
Energy
plc
plc
€
€

974
-
(974)
––––––––––
-
––––––––––
––––––––––

-
-
––––––––––
-
––––––––––
––––––––––

-
66,947
(66,947)
––––––––––
-
––––––––––
––––––––––

81,938
(81,938)
––––––––––
-
––––––––––
––––––––––

Total
€

974
70,989
(71,963)
––––––––––
-
––––––––––
––––––––––

88,240
(88,240)
––––––––––
-
––––––––––
––––––––––

At 31 December the following amount was due to the company by its subsidiary:

Amounts due from Petrel Resources (TCI Limited)

2014
€

2013
€

4,207,341
––––––––––
––––––––––

4,207,341
––––––––––
––––––––––

The amount due is non-interest bearing, unsecured and repayable on demand. The recoverability of the amount due is
dependent on the discovery and successful development of economic mineral reserves which is subject to a number of
risks as set out in Note 1(xi).

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Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

8.

STAFF NUMBERS

The average number of persons employed by the group (including directors and secretary) during the financial year was:

Management and administration

Staff costs for the above persons were:

Wages and salaries
Social welfare costs
Pension costs

2014
Number

2013
Number

5
––––––––––
––––––––––

5
––––––––––
––––––––––

€

€

440,658
10,032
-
––––––––––
450,690
––––––––––
––––––––––

433,606
16,618
-
––––––––––
450,224
––––––––––
––––––––––

9.

SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS

The Group adopted IFRS 8 Operating Segments with effect from 1 January 2009. IFRS 8 requires operating segments to
be identified on the basis of internal reports about the Group that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision
maker. The Board is deemed the chief operating decision maker within the Group. For management purposes, the Group
has one class of business: oil exploration and development. This is analysed on a geographical basis.

9A. Segment Results

Continuing Operations
Iraq
Africa
Ireland

Total for continuing operations
Unallocated head office

There was no revenue earned during the financial year (2013: €Nil).

9B. Segment Assets and Liabilities

2014
€

2013
€

(2,470,320)
(58,655)
-
––––––––––
(2,528,975)
(430,517)
––––––––––
(2,959,492)
––––––––––
––––––––––

-
(19,658)
-
––––––––––
(19,658)
(507,125)
––––––––––
(526,783)
––––––––––
––––––––––

Iraq
Africa
Ireland

Total for continuing operations
Unallocated Head Office

Assets

Liabilities

2014
€

2013
€

2014
€

2013
€

4,214,904
801,834
737,443
––––––––––
5,754,181
1,371,393
––––––––––
7,125,574
––––––––––
––––––––––

6,597,090
662,943
972,854
––––––––––
8,232,887
1,455,287
––––––––––
9,688,174
––––––––––
––––––––––

-
(9,224)
(4,792)
––––––––––
(14,016)
(292,815)
––––––––––
(306,831)
––––––––––
––––––––––

-
(8,164)
(4,842)
––––––––––
(13,006)
(397,820)
––––––––––
(410,826)
––––––––––
––––––––––

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
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31
31

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

9.

SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS (CONTINUED)

9B. Segment Assets and Liabilities (continued)

Additions to non-current assets (Group and Company)

Iraq
Africa
Ireland

Total for continuing operations
Unallocated head office

10.

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

Factors affecting the tax expense:

Loss on ordinary activities before tax

Income tax calculated @ 12.5%

Effects of:
Expenses not allowable
Tax losses carried forward
Income taxed at higher rate

Tax charge

2014
€

2013
€

88,135
197,546
709,803
––––––––––
995,484
-
––––––––––
995,484
––––––––––
––––––––––

4,301,258
75,467
447,989
––––––––––
4,824,714
-
––––––––––
4,824,714
––––––––––
––––––––––

2014
€

2013
€

(2,959,492)
––––––––––
(369,937)

(528,597)
––––––––––
(66,075)

340,936
24,954
4,047
––––––––––
-
––––––––––
––––––––––

12,300
53,554
221
––––––––––
-
––––––––––
––––––––––

No corporation tax charge arises in the current financial year or the prior financial year due to losses brought forward.

At  the  balance  sheet  date,  the  Group  had  unused  tax  losses  of  €5,361,665  (2013:  €5,090,900)  which  equates  to  a
deferred tax asset of €670,208 (2013: €636,363). No deferred tax asset has been recognised due to the unpredictability
of the future profit streams. Losses may be carried forward indefinitely.

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Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

11.

LOSS PER SHARE

Loss per share - basic and diluted

Basic loss per share

2014
€

2013
€

(2.97c)
––––––––––
––––––––––

(0.63c)
––––––––––
––––––––––

The earnings and weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of basic loss per share are as
follows:

Loss for the financial year attributable to equity holders

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the
purpose of basic earnings per share

2014
€

2013
€

(2,959,492)
––––––––––
––––––––––

(526,783)
––––––––––
––––––––––

2014
Number

2013
Number

99,681,992
––––––––––
––––––––––

84,088,217
––––––––––
––––––––––

Basic and diluted loss per share are the same as the effect of the outstanding share options is anti-dilutive.

12.

FINANCIAL ASSET

Investment

Group

At the beginning of the financial year
Additions

At the end of the financial year

2014
€

2013
€

4,211,123
-
––––––––––
4,211,123
––––––––––
––––––––––

-
4,211,123
––––––––––
4,211,123
––––––––––
––––––––––

On 14 August 2013 the company announced that through its wholly owned subsidiary, Petrel Resources (TCI) Limited, it
had acquired a 20 per cent shareholding in Amira Hydrocarbons Wasit B.V. (“Amira”) from Amira Petroleum N.V. Amira
is a special purpose vehicle which holds a 25 per cent carried to production interest in an early stage oil opportunity in
the large, underexplored and underdeveloped province of Wasit, Iraq.

Although the company owns 20 per cent of Amira, it does not have significant influence over Amira. Petrel does not have
any representation on the Board of Amira. It does not have the right to participate in any financial or operating policy
decisions. As a result Amira does not meet the definition of an associate and is treated as an investment.

The consideration for the Acquisition comprised an up-front cash payment of US$500,000 and the issue of 18,947,368
shares  in  Petrel  (“Initial  Consideration  Shares”),  representing  19.82  per  cent  of  the  enlarged  issued  share  capital  of
Petrel.  The  Initial  Consideration  Shares  are  locked-in  until  the  spudding  of  the  first  conventional  oil  well  in  respect  of
Amira’s interest in the Wasit province. If the Spudding Date has not occurred by 19 August 2018, Petrel may, amongst
other things, elect to re-acquire the Initial Consideration Shares for a nominal amount.

Following completion of the Acquisition, a further 21,052,632 shares in Petrel may be issued in two tranches upon the
occurrence of certain events (“Deferred Consideration Shares”). The first tranche of 10,526,316 Deferred Consideration
Shares is to be issued upon the Spudding of the first conventional oil well. The second tranche of 10,526,316 Deferred
Consideration Shares is to be issued upon notification of a discovery in respect of Amira’s interest in the Wasit Province.

As  part  of  the  Acquisition,  Arman  Kayablian,  COO  of  Amira  Industries,  joined  the  board  of  Petrel  as  a  non-executive
director with effect from 19 August 2013.

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

33
33

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

12.

FINANCIAL ASSET (CONTINUED)

Under  the  terms  of  the  Acquisition  agreement,  Petrel  is  also  given  a  right  of  first  refusal  to  participate  or  acquire  an
operated interest in any future exploration and production licences that Amira Industries secures in the Iraqi provinces
of  Muthanna,  Karbala,  Babil  and  Najaf,  which  are  currently  being  pursued  by  Amira  Industries.  The  terms  of  Petrel’s
participation in such licence are subject to agreement between the parties but are likely to be similar to Amira Industries’
arrangement with Oryx Petroleum (“Oryx”) in respect of the Wasit licences.

Fair value information for the investment in Amira has not been disclosed as its fair value cannot be reliably measured.
As a result the investment is carried at cost. Fair value cannot be reliably measured as the investment is held in a private
company. The company’s equity instruments do not have a quoted price is an active market.

The  recoverability  of  the  group’s  financial  asset  is  dependent  on  the  discovery  and  successful  development  of  the
economic reserves which is subject to a number of risks as outlined in Note 1(xi).

13.

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Exploration and evaluation assets:

Cost:

Opening balance
Additions
Receipt from farm out of exploration assets
Impairment charge
Exchange translation adjustment

Closing balance

Segmental Analysis

Iraq
Ghana
Ireland

Group

Company

2014
€

2013
€

2014
€

2013
€

4,017,982
687,803
(945,214)
(2,528,975)
307,681
––––––––––
1,539,277
––––––––––
––––––––––

3,424,049
760,608
-
(19,658)
(147,017)
––––––––––
4,017,982
––––––––––
––––––––––

4,006,745
687,803
(945,214)
(2,528,975)
307,681
––––––––––
1,528,040
––––––––––
––––––––––

3,412,812
760,608
-
(19,658)
(147,017)
––––––––––
4,006,745
––––––––––
––––––––––

Group
2014
€

Group
2013
€

-
801,834
737,443
––––––––––
1,539,277
––––––––––
––––––––––

2,382,185
662,943
972,854
––––––––––
4,017,982
––––––––––
––––––––––

Exploration  and  evaluation  assets  at  31  December  2014  represent  exploration  and  related  expenditure  in  respect  of
projects in Ireland and Ghana. The directors are aware that by its nature there is an inherent uncertainty in relation to the
recoverability of amounts capitalised on the exploration projects.

Due to the political and legal uncertainty in Iraq the directors have decided to impair in full the exploration and evaluation
assets in Iraq to nil, resulting in an impairment charge of €2,470,320.

In addition the group incurred expenditure of €58,655 on various projects in Cameroon and Mozambique. The directors
have  decided  to  impair  this  cost,  and  accordingly  an  impairment  charge  of  €58,655  was  written  off  against  the
exploration and evaluation assets in Africa.

On 4 March 2014 the company announced that it had finalised an 85% farm-out agreement with Woodside, Australia on
its  offshore  Ireland  acreage.  The  agreement  covers  all  of  Petrel’s  participating  interest  in  Licensing  Option  11/6
(comprising offshore blocks 45/6, 45/11 and 45/16) and Licensing Option 11/4 (comprising offshore blocks 35/23, 35/24
and  the  western  half  of  35/25)  Woodside  will  be  operator  of  the  licensing  blocks.  Petrel  Resources  received
US$1,300,000 from Woodside for the 85% farm-out.

34
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Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

13.

INTANGIBLE ASSETS (CONTINUED)

Relating to the remaining exploration and evaluation assets at the financial year end, the directors believe there were no
facts or circumstances indicating that the carrying value of these intangible assets may exceed their recoverable amount
and  thus  no  impairment  review  was  deemed  necessary  by  the  directors.  The  realisation  of  these  intangible  assets  is
dependent on the successful discovery and development of economic reserves and is subject to a number of significant
potential risks, as set out in Note 1 (xi).

Directors’  remuneration  of  €175,000  (2013:  €175,000),  salaries  of  €115,000  (2013:  €110,000)  and  share  based
payments of €Nil (2013: €13,436) were capitalised as exploration and evaluation expenditure during the financial year.

14.

INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES

Company

At beginning of the financial year
Additions

At end of the financial year

2014
€

2013
€

15,019
-
––––––––––
15,019
––––––––––
––––––––––

11,237
3,782
––––––––––
15,019
––––––––––
––––––––––

On 6 August 2013 the company acquired 5,000 shares of US$1 each in Petrel Resources (TCI) Limited, being 100% of
that  company’s  issued  share  capital.  Petrel  Resources  (TCI)  Limited  was  formed  to  acquire  the  20%  shareholding  in
Amira Hydrocarbons Wasit B.V. Details of the acquisition are provided in Note 12 above.

The directors are satisfied that the carrying value of the investment, is not impaired. The realisation of the investment in
subsidiaries  is  dependent  on  the  discovery  and  successful  development  of  economic  reserves  and  is  subject  to  a
number of significant potential risks, as set out in Note 1 (xi).

The Group consisted of the parent company and the following wholly owned subsidiaries as at 31 December 2014:

Name

Petrel Industries Limited

Petrel Resources of the
Middle East Offshore S.A.L.

Nature of
Business

Dormant

Dormant

Petrel Resources (TCI) Limited

Holding

Registered
Office

162 Clontarf Road,
Dublin 3, Ireland

Damascus Street
Beirut, Lebanon

Duke Street, Grand
Turk, Turks & Caicos
Island

Share

100%

100%

100%

The  company  also  holds  a  30%  interest  in  Pan  Andean  Resources  Limited,  an  early  stage  exploration  company
incorporated in Ghana. Pan Andean Resources Limited has not traded since incorporation.

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

35
35

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

15.

TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

VAT refund due
Other receivables
Due by group undertakings (Note 7)

Group
2014
€

Group
2013
€

Company
2014
€

Company
2013
€

12,729
31,679
-
––––––––––
44,408
––––––––––
––––––––––

29,919
4,125
-
––––––––––
34,044
––––––––––
––––––––––

12,729
31,679
4,207,341
––––––––––
4,251,749
––––––––––
––––––––––

29,919
4,125
4,207,341
––––––––––
4,241,385
––––––––––
––––––––––

The carrying value of trade and other receivables approximates to their fair value. The realisation of the investment in
subsidiaries  is  dependent  on  the  discovery  and  successful  development  of  economic  reserves  and  is  subject  to  a
number of significant potential risks, as set out in Note 1 (xi).

16.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash and cash equivalents

Group
2014
€

Group
2013
€

Company
2014
€

Company
2013
€

1,330,766
––––––––––
––––––––––

1,425,025
––––––––––
––––––––––

1,330,766
––––––––––
––––––––––

1,425,025
––––––––––
––––––––––

Cash  at  bank  earns  interest  at  floating  rates  on  daily  bank  rates.  The  fair  value  for  cash  and  cash  equivalents  is
€1,330,766 (2013: €1,425,025) for Group and €1,330,766 (2013: €1,425,025) for Company. The Group and Company
only deposits cash surpluses with major banks.

17.

TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

Accruals
Other payables

Group
2014
€

Group
2013
€

Company
2014
€

Company
2013
€

232,500
74,331
––––––––––
306,831
––––––––––
––––––––––

291,518
119,308
––––––––––
410,826
––––––––––
––––––––––

232,500
74,331
––––––––––
306,831
––––––––––
––––––––––

291,518
119,308
––––––––––
410,826
––––––––––
––––––––––

It is the Group’s normal practice to agree terms of transactions, including payment terms, with suppliers. It is the Group’s
policy  that  payments  are  made  between  30  -  45  days  and  suppliers  are  required  to  perform  in  accordance  with  the
agreed terms. The Group has financial risk management policies in place to ensure that all payables are paid within the
credit timeframe. The carrying value of trade and other payables approximates to their fair value.

36
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Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

18.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The  Group  and  Company  undertakes  certain  transactions  denominated  in  foreign  currencies.  Hence,  exposures  to
exchange rate fluctuations arise.

The  Group  and  Company  holds  cash  as  a  liquid  resource  to  fund  the  obligations  of  the  Group.  The  Group’s  cash
balances  are  held  in  Euro,  Sterling  and  in  US  dollar.  The  Group’s  strategy  for  managing  cash  is  to  maximise  interest
income  whilst  ensuring  its  availability  to  match  the  profile  of  the  Group’s  expenditure.  This  is  achieved  by  regular
monitoring of interest rates and monthly review of expenditure.

The Group and Company has a policy of not hedging due to no significant dealings in currencies other than euro and
dollar denominated transactions and therefore takes market rates in respect of foreign exchange risk; however, it does
review its currency exposures on an ad hoc basis.

The Group and Company has relied upon equity funding to finance operations. The directors are confident that adequate
cash resources exist to finance operations for future exploration but expenditure is carefully managed and controlled.

The  carrying  amounts  of  the  Group  and  Company's  foreign  currency  denominated  monetary  assets  and  monetary
liabilities at the reporting dates are as follows:

GROUP AND COMPANY

Sterling
US Dollar

19.

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

Assets
2014
€

Assets
2013
€

Liabilities
2014
€

Liabilities
2013
€

4,292
1,276,667
––––––––––
––––––––––

199,163
1,221,141
––––––––––
––––––––––

40,479
14,554
––––––––––
––––––––––

8,275
1,969
––––––––––
––––––––––

The  Group’s  financial  instruments  comprise  cash  balances  and  various  items  such  as  trade  receivables  and  trade
payables which arise directly from exploration and evaluation activities. The main purpose of these financial instruments
is to provide working capital to finance Group operations.

The  Group  and  Company  do  not  enter  into  any  derivative  transactions,  and  it  is  the  Group's  policy  that  no  trading  in
financial  instruments  shall  be  undertaken.  The  main  financial  risk  arising  from  the  Group’s  financial  instruments  is
currency risk. The board reviews and agrees policies for managing financial risks and they are summarised below.

Interest rate risk profile of financial assets and financial liabilities
The Group finances its operations through the issue of equity shares, and had no exposure to interest rate agreements
at the financial year end date.

Liquidity Risk
As regards liquidity, the Group’s policy is to ensure continuity of funding primarily through fresh issues of shares. Short-
term funding is achieved through utilising and optimising the management of working capital. All financial liabilities are
due within 1 financial year from the financial year end. The directors are confident that adequate cash resources exist to
finance operations in the short term, including exploration and development expenditure.

Foreign Currency Risk
The  Group  has  transactional  currency  exposures.  Such  exposures  arise  from  expenses  incurred  by  the  Group  in
currencies  other  than  the  functional  currency.  The  Group  seeks  to  minimise  its  exposure  to  currency  risk  by  closely
monitoring exchange rates, and maintaining a level of cash in foreign denominated currencies sufficient to meet planned
expenditure in that currency. Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities are set out in Note 18.

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

37
37

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

19.

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED)

Credit risk
The  maximum  credit  exposure  of  the  group  and  company  at  31  December  2014  amounted  to  €1,375,174  and
€5,582,515 respectively relating to the cash and cash equivalents and receivables. The directors believe there is limited
exposure  to  credit  risk  on  the  group  and  company’s  cash  and  cash  equivalents  as  they  are  held  with  major  financial
institutions.  The  credit  risk  on  receivables  is  significant  and  their  recoverability  is  dependent  on  the  discovery  and
successful  development  of  economic  reserves  by  those  subsidiary  undertakings.  Given  the  nature  of  the  group’s
business significant amounts are required to be invested in exploration and evaluation activities at various locations. The
directors manage this risk by reviewing expenditure plans in relation to projects before any monies are advanced.

Capital Management
The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it, in light of changes in economic conditions. The
Group does not hold any external debt and is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements. No changes
were  made  in  the  objectives,  policies  or  processes  during  the  financial  years  ended  31  December  2013  and  31
December 2014.

20.

SHARE CAPITAL

Authorised:
200,000,000 ordinary shares of €0.0125

Allotted, called-up and fully paid:

At 1 January 2013

Issued during the financial year

At 31 December 2013

At 1 January 2014

Issued during the financial year

At 31 December 2014

Group and Company
2013
€

2014
€

2,500,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

2,500,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

Number

76,664,624

Share
Capital
€
958,308

Share
Premium
€
17,784,268

23,017,368
––––––––––
99,681,992
––––––––––
––––––––––

287,717
––––––––––
1,246,025
––––––––––
––––––––––

3,631,817
––––––––––
21,416,085
––––––––––
––––––––––

99,681,992

1,246,025

21,416,085

-
––––––––––
99,681,992
––––––––––
––––––––––

-
––––––––––
1,246,025
––––––––––
––––––––––

-
––––––––––
21,416,085
––––––––––
––––––––––

Movements in share capital
On 13 August 2013 the company issued 18,947,368 new ordinary shares to Amira Petroleum N.V. at a price of 20c per
share as part consideration for the acquisition of a 20 per cent shareholding in Amira Hydrocarbons Wasit B.V. Details of
this acquisition are provided in Note 12.

On 17 December 2013 the directors of the company exercised 4,070,000 options at exercise prices ranging from 2.5p
to 5p.

38
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Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Petrel Resources Plc
Notes To The Financial Statements
For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2014 (continued)

21.

SHARE BASED PAYMENTS

The Group issues equity-settled share-based payments to certain directors and individuals who have performed services
for  the  Group.  Equity-settled  share-based  payments  are  measured  at  fair  value  at  the  date  of  grant.  Fair  value  is
measured by the use of a Black-Scholes model.

OPTIONS
The Group plan provides for a grant price equal to the average quoted market price of the ordinary shares on the date
of grant. The options vest immediately.

Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended
31/12/2013
31/12/2014
Weighted
average
exercise
price in
pence

31/12/2014
Options Weighted
average
exercise
price in
pence

31/12/2013
Options

Outstanding at beginning of financial year
Granted during the financial year

Outstanding and exercisable at
the end of financial year

500,000
-
––––––––––

10.50
-
––––––––––

-
500,000
––––––––––

-
10.50
––––––––––

500,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

10.50
––––––––––
––––––––––

500,000
––––––––––
––––––––––

10.50
––––––––––
––––––––––

The  options  outstanding  at  31  December  2014  had  a  weighted  average  exercise  price  of  10.50p,  and  a  weighted
average remaining contractual life of 5.97 financial years.

22.

PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO PETREL RESOURCES PLC

In accordance with Section 304 of the Companies Act, 2014, the company is availing of the exemption from presenting
its individual income statement to the Annual General Meeting and from filing it with the Registrar of Companies. The loss
for the financial year in the parent company was €2,959,492 (2013: €526,783) in accordance with Companies Act 2014.

23.

CAPITAL COMMITMENTS

There were no capital commitments at the balance sheet date.

24.

POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS

There were no material post balance sheet events affecting the company or group.

25.

CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

There are no contingent liabilities (2013: €Nil) other than those disclosed in Note 12.

26.

COMPARATIVE AMOUNTS

Comparative information has been reclassified where necessary to conform to current financial year presentation.

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

39
39

Petrel Resources Plc
Notice of Annual General Meeting

Notice is hereby given that an Annual General Meeting of Petrel Resources plc will be held on Wednesday, 29 July 2015 in the
Westbury Hotel, Grafton Street, Dublin 2 at 11 am for the following purposes:

Ordinary Business
1.

To receive and consider the Directors Report, Audited Accounts and Auditors Report for the year ended December 31,
2014.

2.

3.

4.

To re-appoint director: John Teeling retires in accordance with Article 95 and seeks re-election.

To re-appoint Deloitte as auditors and to authorise the directors to fix their remuneration.

To transact any other ordinary business of an annual general meeting.

By order of the Board:

James Finn
Secretary

24 June 2015

Registered Office: 162 Clontarf Road, Dublin 3.

Note: A member of the company who is unable to attend and vote at the above Annual General Meeting is entitled to appoint

a proxy to attend, speak and vote in his stead. A proxy need not be a member of the Company.

To be effective, the Form of Proxy duly signed, together with the power of attorney (if any) under which it is signed, must
be deposited at the Company’s Registrars, Computershare Investor Services (Ireland) Ltd., Heron House, Corrig Road,
Sandyford Industrial Estate, Dublin 18, not less than forty-eight hours before the time appointed for the Meeting or any
adjournment thereof at which the person named in the Form of Proxy is to vote.

40
40

Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014
Petrel Resources Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014

Directors and Other Information

CURRENT DIRECTORS

SECRETARY

REGISTERED OFFICE

AUDITORS

BANKERS

SOLICITORS

NOMINATED BBROKER & ADVISOR

REGISTRATION NUMBER

AUTHORISED CAPITAL

John Teeling (Chairman)
David Horgan 
Arman Kayablian

James Finn

162 Clontarf Road
Dublin 3

Telephone: 
Fax:
E-Mail:
Website:

353-1-833 2833
353-1-833 3505
info@petrelresources.com
www.petrelresources.com

Deloitte
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Audit Firm
Deloitte & Touche House
Earlsfort Terrace
Dublin 2

Barclays Bank Ireland plc.
Two Park Place
Hatch Street Upper
Dublin 2

Commerzbank AG
Gallusanlage
60329 Frankfurt

McEvoy Partners
27 Hatch Street Lower
Dublin 2

Northland Capital Partners Limited
60 Gresham Street
London
EC2V 7BB

92622

200,000,000 €0.0125 Ordinary Shares

CURRENT ISSUED CAPITAL

99,681,992 Ordinary Shares

MARKET

Alternative Investment Market

NUMBER  OF SHAREHOLDERS

1,558

Corporate Office:
162 Clontarf Road, Dublin 3, Ireland.
Tel: +353 (0)1 833 2833
Fax: + 353 (0)1 833 3505
Company Registration Number: 92622

www.petrelresources.com