To our shareholders:
2016 represents our fifteenth year since we started this business in 2002. As we reflect back on the values, investments
and people that got us here, we could not be more proud of our evolution into the Wayfair of today. In 2016, we reached
$3.4 billion of net revenue, grew active customers to 8.3 million, reached 81% aided brand awareness in the U.S. today,
grew our international Direct Retail revenue by 180% year over year, and scaled our logistics network from 1 million to 5
million square feet. As we look forward to the next fifteen years of growth, we see even more opportunity to lead the way
in bringing shopping for home goods online, and we will do it by staying true to - and building on - the core values that
brought us here.
We want everyone to live in a home they love.
We believe that the long-term success of our business rests on our ability to delight and serve our customer. In the home
category, delighting our customer means making home decorating fun, approachable and easy. By offering a vast array of
over eight million products, we provide our customer with the selection she desires, and we use technology and our strong
visual merchandising to help her quickly zero in on the exact item that meets her needs and matches her style. We feature
beautiful lifestyle photography to inspire her, and we offer her design ideas to help her complete her look. We also
provide Idea Boards, where she can easily flag "wish list" items for her home, as well as customer reviews and photos so
she can see how things look and work in real life. We believe that home items - both shopping for them, and the process
of bringing them home - are vastly different from other retail categories. Therefore, a business focused just on the home
category, as we are, is necessary to deliver an outstanding shopping experience.
We believe that the whole experience should be easy, and that is why we are fixated on providing a superior customer
service and home delivery experience. That experience is supported by over 1,400 highly trained Wayfair employees, who
are available day and night via phone, email and online chat to answer questions and resolve issues. We care more about
what our customers think than winning awards, but we are honored that our customer service organization has recently
been recognized with 3 awards for excellent customer service. We also do a lot of work on the logistics to ensure that the
customer has a good delivery experience that is both fast and damage-free. In 2016, we began taking more direct control
of meaningful aspects of our logistics network and forward-positioning supplier inventory in our CastleGate warehouses.
These steps enable more next-day and 2-day deliveries and further reduce damage - a huge advantage in the home
category, where items can be large, heavy and difficult to deliver.
Focusing on what the customer wants makes for happy, satisfied shoppers. We believe this is what will ensure we remain
top of mind the next time our customer thinks about buying something for their home - tomorrow, next week, and next
year.
We take the long view.
In business circles, and especially in large and growing companies, employees are often advised to "think like an owner."
As co-founders who remain significant shareholders today, that is a phrase we have always taken to heart. That ethos has
informed our decisions to make investments that may seem complicated, overly ambitious or costly in the short run, but
that have big potential payoffs over time. From day one, for example, we committed to investing in our own proprietary
technology and running our customer service operation in-house. And over the course of the next fifteen years, we
continued to make bold, sometimes unconventional decisions that led us to significant growth. In late 2011, for example,
almost a decade after starting the company, we decided to take a $500 million revenue business and effectively abandon it
by shuttering the CSN Stores micro-sites and launching the Wayfair brand. Today, the Wayfair brand is a multibillion
revenue business with 81% aided awareness in the United States. More recently, it was scaling our international business,
which we believe will allow us to access an additional addressable market of more than $300 billion in Canada and
Europe. Similarly, ramping our CastleGate warehouses and building out our large parcel proprietary logistics network,
WDN, requires significant investment, but we believe the payoff will come over time in customer satisfaction and higher
sales conversion, as well as reduced damage and lower transportation costs. The beauty of focusing on the long view is
that we and our customer can all win together.
We stick to our tight focus on the home category, and we pursue these strategic initiatives "to the nth degree," including
developing customized software where it makes sense. The ramp-up phase of these strategic initiatives can be long and
costly, and can require large-scale upfront investment in talent and infrastructure to do it right. To ensure we are
advancing toward our return on investment targets as we go, we rigorously track quantitative metrics, including
everything we can concerning cost, progress, customer behavior, customer satisfaction, and any other kind of customer
insight.
We are ready for the massive shift ahead.
Only approximately 9% of the total $270 billion home goods category in the U.S is sold online today. We have seen the
market for online home goods grow at approximately 15% for the last few years, significantly outpacing the growth of
brick-and-mortar home retail, and therefore increasing the online penetration of the market. If the online home category
continues to grow at 15% for the next ten years, that would put approximately $80 billion of consumer spend up for grabs
as the industry moves online. We intend to take a meaningful share of that $80 billion, and we believe we are well-
positioned to do so given our growing brand awareness and the outstanding customer experience we offer every day.
We are also taking steps to make it even easier to "shop for your home from your home" by leveraging exciting
augmented-reality applications that allow the customer to see how an item would actually look in her very own living
room via her mobile phone.
But there is even more change afoot. If you consider the impact of millennials, the opportunity we are going after is even
larger. There are 70 million millennials aged 21 to 34 in the U.S., and they are more comfortable than previous
generations making purchases online. More importantly, they are about to age into our demographic group since home
becomes very important as one goes through the life stage changes tied to getting married, buying a home and starting a
family.
Even without the potential future impact of augmented reality and millennials, we believe we more than doubled the size
of our addressable market by entering Canada and Europe.
We do the most by working with the best.
The biggest differentiator between companies is the people working in them (in truth it is really the only differentiator).
We look to hire people who are incredibly bright, quantitative, team-oriented and innately ambitious. We believe that
coupling data and transparency with strong acumen and collaboration is the key to good decision-making and rapid
execution. Our employees must feel comfortable pushing the envelope, and sometimes failing, because you win by trying
more things, even when you know you will have the occasional failure. From the failure you can learn a lot and put it to
work again that same day.
The success we have enjoyed has allowed us to attract amazing people to work at our company. To support our growth
and undertake our new initiatives, we increased the size of our team by almost 50% in 2016. We have hired across the
board in customer service, warehousing, operations, engineering, marketing and merchandising, and have promoted from
within while also bringing in amazing external talent. As we grow, we are working hard to protect and further the culture
that has brought us our success to date and extend it from Boston to new locations like Berlin and Bangor.
To us, 2016 showcases what we have been building for the last fifteen years. It is hard to believe, but we are actually
more excited today about our prospects and the opportunity ahead than we were fifteen years ago.
- Niraj Shah & Steve Conine, Co-Founders
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT
OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT
OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-36666
Wayfair Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
4 Copley Place, 7th Floor, Boston, MA
(Address of principal executive offices)
36-4791999
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
02116
(Zip Code)
(617) 532-6100
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Name of each exchange on which registered
The New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes
No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject
to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data
File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes
No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be
contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K
or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting
company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
(Do not check if a
smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
No
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2016 computed by reference to
the closing sale price of $39.00 per share as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on that date was $1.2 billion.
Class
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
Class B Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
Outstanding at January 31, 2017
50,338,973
35,617,581
Certain sections of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 14A not later than 120 days after end of this fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K are incorporated by
reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Table of Contents
Wayfair Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
PART I
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II
Business.
Risk Factors.
Unresolved Staff Comments.
Properties.
Legal Proceedings.
Mine Safety Disclosures.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
PART III
Item 10.
Item 11.
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities.
Selected Consolidated Financial Data
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Item 13.
Item 14.
PART IV
ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
SIGNATURES
EXHIBIT INDEX
PAGE
1
2
7
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27
27
28
29
30
33
51
52
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Table of Contents
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical
fact contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial
position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In some
cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates,"
"could," "intends," "target," "projects," "contemplates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential" or "continue" or the
negative of these terms or other similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations of future events. The outcome of the events described in
these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors described in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors and
elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment.
New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could
have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results, events, and
circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results, events, or
circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Investors are therefore cautioned
not to unduly rely on any forward-looking statements.
These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, except as required by
applicable law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether
as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these
cautionary statements.
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Table of Contents
Item 1. Business
Overview
PART I
Wayfair is one of the world's largest online destinations for the home. Through our e-commerce business model, we offer
visually inspired browsing, compelling merchandising, easy product discovery and attractive prices for over eight million
products from over 10,000 suppliers.
The target Wayfair customer is a 35- to 65-year-old woman with an annual household income of $50,000 to $250,000, who
we consider to be a mass-market consumer and who we believe is underserved by traditional brick and mortar and other online
retailers of home goods. Because each of our customers has a different taste, style, purchasing goal, and budget when shopping
for her home, we have built one of the largest online selections of furniture, décor, decorative accents, housewares, seasonal
decor, and other home goods. We are able to offer this vast selection of products because we hold minimal inventory. Products
are shipped to our customers directly from our suppliers, or increasingly from our CastleGate fulfillment network, "CastleGate."
Our CastleGate solution enables our suppliers to forward-position their inventory, allowing faster delivery to the customer with
lower rates of damage and lowering our cost per order over time. We believe providing superior customer service is key to
delighting our customer, and our customer service locations are staffed with approximately 1,400 highly-trained sales and
service employees located in the United States of America ("U.S.") and Europe.
We founded our company in May 2002. From 2002 through 2011, the Company was bootstrapped by our co-founders and
operated as hundreds of niche websites, such as bedroomfurniture.com and allbarstools.com. In late 2011, we made the strategic
decision to close and permanently redirect over 240 of our niche websites into Wayfair.com to create a one-stop shop for
furniture, décor and home goods and to build brand awareness, drive customer loyalty and increase repeat purchasing. From
2012 to 2016, our aided brand awareness in the U.S. grew from 6% to 77%. Over the last few years, we have invested in
expanding our international business in Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany by building our international infrastructure,
growing our international supplier networks, and establishing our brand presence in select countries.
Our co-founders are lifetime tech innovators who have worked together in the commercial internet sector since 1995. As
engineers themselves, they have created a company culture deeply rooted in technology and data. Their significant equity
ownership in Wayfair has informed their leadership and allowed them to take a long-term view when building our company.
Segments
Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2016, Wayfair changed its operating and reportable segments from one segment to two
operating and reportable segments, U.S. and International. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Segment and
Geographic Information, included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. While Wayfair manages its business through the two segments, net revenue of the U.S. segment represented 92% of
consolidated net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Our Industry
The home goods market is large and characterized by specific consumer trends, structural challenges and market dynamics
that are shaping the future of our industry.
Addressable Market Size and Growth
We believe the annual U.S. market for home goods is approximately $270 billion, of which approximately 9% is sold
online today. We believe the mass market for home goods represents the largest addressable opportunity within the home goods
sector and that the mass market consumer is under-served due to structural limitations of brick and mortar and other online
retailers. According to data released by the U.S. Census Bureau, there are approximately 65 million households in the U.S. with
annual incomes between $50,000 and $250,000. Moreover, we believe there are approximately 70 million millennials (which we
define as individuals currently between the ages of 21 to 34) in the U.S., many of whom are accustomed to purchasing goods
online. As millennials age, start new families and move into new homes, we expect online sales of home goods to increase. In
addition, we believe the online home goods market will further grow as older generations of consumers become increasingly
comfortable purchasing online. With our more recent entry into Canada and western Europe, we believe we have more than
doubled the size of our total addressable market.
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Why Home is Different
Home is Shopped Differently than Other Retail Verticals: Homes are personal expressions of self and identity, which is
why many consumers seek uniqueness, crave originality and enjoy the feeling created by home design, furniture and décor.
Consumers shopping for home goods often cannot articulate what they are looking for other than to describe a feeling or visual
image that they want to capture in their home. In addition, while consumers typically know the names of big box and specialty
retailers that offer various home products, we believe they rarely know the names of the product brands or suppliers. We believe
traditional search-based sites that rely on directed product search (e.g., "running sneakers") or brand name search
(e.g., "Samsung 32-inch LCD television") have difficulty serving customers shopping for home products in this more emotional,
visual and inspirational manner.
Home Shoppers Desire Uniqueness, which Requires Vast Selection: In the mass market for home goods, consumers with
different tastes, styles, purchasing goals and budgets require a broad selection of products and choices. This need for selection
applies across many home categories, including furniture, décor, lighting, kitchen, bed & bath, outdoor, home improvement and
baby & kids, each of which has dozens of sub-categories with thousands to tens of thousands of products. Brick and mortar
home goods retailers must balance a consumer's desire for uniqueness, which requires massive selection, with the challenges of
high inventory carrying costs and limited showroom and storage space.
Time Consuming and Inconvenient for Consumers to Shop across Brick and Mortar Home Retailers: To browse a vast
selection of products across highly-fragmented brick and mortar retailers, consumers must shop multiple stores. For example, if
a nearby furniture retailer has 20 bedroom sets on its showroom floor, a consumer may feel she must visit multiple stores to see a
wide enough selection to make an informed purchase decision that satisfies her style and budget needs. We believe the lack of an
easy-to-browse, one-stop shopping experience with massive selection has led to dissatisfaction with brick and mortar home
goods shopping. In contrast, Wayfair.com offers over 2,400 bedroom sets across many styles and prices, which mitigates the
need for a consumer to visit multiple stores to find the perfect item at a price she can afford.
Challenging Logistics for Retailers and Consumers: Logistics, fulfillment and customer service for home goods products
are challenging given the variety of categories and price points and the mix of heavy and bulky items. Home goods often have a
low dollar value to weight ratio compared to other categories of retail, therefore requiring a logistics network that is optimized
for items with those characteristics. Many consumers also seek first-rate customer service so they are not burdened with
managing delivery, shipping and return logistics on their own. However, we believe big box retailers that serve the mass market
for home goods are often unable or unwilling to provide this level of service. In addition, many regional retailers do not ship
nationally, which we believe is because they lack the required scalable technology, operations and distribution infrastructure.
Our Solution
Key Benefits for Our Customers
We offer our consumers vast selection, convenience and value, inspirational content, personalized and mobile shopping
experiences and superior customer service to help them find the perfect item at a price they can afford.
Broad Selection and Choice: We offer one of the largest online selections of furniture, décor, decorative accents,
housewares, seasonal décor and other home goods with over eight million products from over 10,000 suppliers.
Convenience and Value: We offer consumers a one-stop shop with home goods pricing designed to be on par with big box
retailers and a merchandising experience designed to be on par with specialty retailers. Through our CastleGate warehouses, we
are able to deliver many products to a majority of the U.S. population in 2 days or less.
Inspirational Photography and Editorial Content: To inspire customers, we produce beautiful imagery and highly-
tailored editorial content both in house and through third parties.
Personalized and Mobile Shopping Experiences: We use personalization, based on past browsing, shopping patterns and
personal preferences, to create a more engaging consumer experience, and we allow customers to create their own personalized
Idea Boards filled with products from our sites. Our investment in mobile allows us to deliver value, convenience and inspiration
to consumers anytime and anywhere.
Superior Customer Service: Our customer service organization has approximately 1,400 employees who help consumers
navigate our sites, answer questions and help complete orders. This team helps us build trust with consumers, build our brand
awareness, enhance our reputation and drive sales.
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Table of Contents
Key Benefits for Our Suppliers
Through our technology platform, we offer our suppliers a cost-effective channel, the ability to leverage our technological
expertise, a real-time view of our demand and proven logistics capabilities to help sell their products.
Cost-Effective Access to Our Large Customer Base: We sell products from over 10,000 suppliers, many of which are
small, family-run operations without well-known product brands and without easy retail access to a large customer base. We
provide our suppliers with access to our customer base of 8.3 million active customers, enabling them to increase their sales and
access the growing e-commerce market.
Ability to Leverage Our Technological Expertise to Drive Sales: Our technology platform is designed to allow suppliers
to easily provide us with their full product selection. Through our technology platform, we believe many of our suppliers have
increased their sales, which has strengthened their loyalty to us.
Real-Time View of Demand and Inventory Needs via Data and Analytics: We offer our suppliers a real-time view of our
demand and inventory needs via powerful data and analytics.
Proven Logistics Capabilities: Our logistics infrastructure allows us to ship directly to our customers from our suppliers or
from our CastleGate warehouses. This fulfillment network is a key component of our custom-built and seamlessly integrated
technology and operational platform.
Sites and Brands
Each of our customers has a different taste, style, purchasing goal and budget when shopping for her home. To help her
find the right products for her home, we offer five distinct sites, including websites, mobile-optimized websites and mobile
applications (collectively "sites"): Wayfair, which represents a significant majority of our revenue, Joss & Main, AllModern,
DwellStudio and Birch Lane. Each site has a unique brand identity that offers a tailored shopping experience and rich product
selection to a different target audience.
Wayfair: an online destination for all things home
Joss & Main: where beautiful furniture and finds meet irresistible savings
AllModern: your home for affordable modern design
DwellStudio: a design house with a decidedly modern vibe
Birch Lane: a collection of classic furnishings and timeless home décor
Wayfair is the only one of our sites that also operates internationally, operating as Wayfair.ca in Canada, Wayfair.co.uk in
the United Kingdom and Wayfair.de in Germany.
On our sites, we also feature certain products under our house brands, such as Three PostsTM and Mercury RowTM. Through
these house brands, we help our customers navigate our sites to find items quickly that match her particular style and price point.
"Direct Retail" sales include net revenue generated through the five distinct sites described above. In additional to Direct
Retail, we also generate "Other" net revenue through the following sources:
Retail Partners: A portion of our net revenue is generated from sites operated by third parties. These relationships allow
consumers to purchase Wayfair products through the retail partners' sites. We made the strategic decision starting in 2014 to
deemphasize this part of our business.
Wayfair Media Solutions: A smaller portion of our net revenue is generated through third-party advertisers that pay for
advertisements placed on our sites. Wayfair helps selected manufacturers, retailers and other advertisers market to our large
consumer audience.
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Technology
We have custom-built our proprietary technology and operational platform to deliver the best experience for both our
customers and suppliers. Our success has been built on a culture of data-driven decision-making, operational discipline and an
unwavering focus on the customer. We employ over 1,000 engineers and data scientists and believe we are able to attract and
retain some of the best technological minds. We believe that control of our technology systems and the ability to update them
often is a competitive advantage.
Our engineering team has built a full set of technology solutions specific for the home goods market, including:
Storefront: A large set of tools and systems with which our customers directly interact. Our team develops an experience
specifically tuned for shopping the home goods category by mixing lifestyle imagery and design inspiration with easy-to-use
navigation tools and personalization features designed to increase customer conversion.
Operations: A majority of the software we have written is designed to deliver the reliable and consistent experience
consumers desire, but is not consumer facing. Examples of the areas of our business that are powered by our proprietary
software include our technology integrations with our suppliers, our warehouse and logistics network and our customer service
centers.
Advertising Technology: Much of our advertising technology was internally developed, including campaign management
and bidding algorithms for online advertising. This allows us to leverage our internal data and target customers efficiently across
various channels. We also partner selectively with marketing partners where we find solutions that meet our marketing objectives
and deliver strong return on investment.
Much of the underlying infrastructure for storefront, operations and advertising technology is common across all of our
sites and countries. Our systems are managed in three geographically distributed, highly secure data centers and are engineered
for high availability. These systems are monitored 24x7 by our network operations center for performance and security.
Marketing
Our marketing efforts bring new and repeat customers to our sites and help us acquire their email addresses through
various paid and non-paid advertising methods. Our paid advertising efforts consist primarily of online channels, including
search engine marketing, display advertising, and paid social media, and to a lesser extent catalog and television advertisements.
Our non-paid advertising efforts include search engine optimization, non-paid social media, mobile "push" notifications and
email. Upon acquiring a customer or a potential customer's email address, we seek to increase their engagement with our sites
and drive repeat purchases. This effort to increase engagement and repeat purchasing is driven by all of our marketing tools,
including email marketing efforts and customer retargeting. We rigorously manage our paid marketing efforts towards the goal
that each new spending initiative is cost-effective with a measurable return on investment within a short period of time.
Logistics
Our logistics network was built specifically for the home category, where items can be bulky, heavy and prone to damage.
Historically, our primary method of fulfillment was a drop-ship network where integration into our suppliers' back-end
technology infrastructure allowed us to process an order and send it directly to a supplier's warehouse. We would then arrange
for shipment from the loading dock of the supplier's warehouse to the customer's home. Depending on the size of the package,
the delivery would be made either through carriers such as FedEx or UPS or third party line haul trucking companies and third
party last mile home delivery agents. In addition to this drop-ship network, we now also operate our own CastleGate warehouses
and our own Wayfair Delivery Network ("WDN"), including consolidation centers and cross dock facilities, line haul, and last
mile home delivery locations to increase delivery speed to customers, reduce damage rates, and enable a higher quality delivery
experience for our customers.
Customer Service
Our customer service team consists of approximately 1,400 Wayfair sales and service consultants and employees located in
five locations across the U.S. and two locations in Europe who are available to help our customers with sales and service via
phone, email or online chat. Because we view superior customer service as one of our key values, our sales and service
employees receive extensive training as well as competitive compensation and benefit packages. The team consists of generalists
as well as specialists who have deeper expertise and training in select areas of our catalog, such as lighting, flooring and
upholstery.
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Our Growth Strategy
Our goal is to further improve our leadership in the home goods market by pursuing the following key strategies:
continue building our leading retail home brands by delighting our customers;
acquire new customers and increase repeat purchases from existing customers;
invest in technology to further improve our customer experiences;
grow certain categories where we under index the broader home goods market today, such as home improvement
(e.g. plumbing, lighting and flooring), housewares, seasonal decor and decorative accents;
increase delivery speed and lower damage rates through the continued build-out of our proprietary logistics
network;
continue to expand internationally; and
opportunistically pursue strategic acquisitions.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Competition
The market for online home goods and furniture is highly competitive, fragmented and rapidly changing. While we are
primarily focused on the mass market, we compete across all segments of the home goods market. Our competition includes
furniture stores, big box retailers, department stores, specialty retailers and online retailers and marketplaces in the U.S., Canada,
the United Kingdom and Germany, including:
• Furniture Stores: Ashley Furniture, At Home, Bob's Discount Furniture, Havertys, Raymour & Flanigan, Rooms
To Go;
• Big Box Retailers: Bed Bath & Beyond, Home Depot, IKEA, Lowe's, Target and Walmart;
• Department Stores: JCPenney and Macy's;
•
Specialty Retailers: Crate and Barrel, Ethan Allen, HomeGoods, Pottery Barn and Restoration Hardware;
• Online Retailers and Marketplaces: Amazon and eBay; and
•
International: Leon's, Canadian Tire, John Lewis, WorldStores, Otto and Home24, in addition to several of the
companies listed above who also compete with us internationally.
We believe that the primary competitive factors in the mass market are vast selection, visually inspiring browsing,
compelling merchandising, ease of product discovery, price, convenience, reliability, speed of fulfillment and customer service.
We believe our technological and operational expertise allows us to provide our customers with a vast selection of goods,
attractive price points, reliable and timely fulfillment, plus superior customer service, and that the combination of these
capabilities is what provides us with a sustainable competitive advantage.
Employees
As of December 31, 2016, we had 5,637 full-time equivalent employees. Additionally, we rely on independent contractors
and temporary personnel to supplement our workforce, primarily in our fulfillment centers. None of our employees is
represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relationship with our employees
to be good.
Seasonality
Our business is affected by seasonality, which historically has resulted in higher sales volume during our fourth quarter,
which ends December 31.
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Intellectual Property
Our intellectual property, including any trademarks, copyrights, domain names, patents, trade dress, trade secrets and
proprietary technologies, is an important part of our business. To protect our intellectual property, we rely on a combination of
laws and regulations, as well as contractual restrictions. We pursue the registration of our trademarks, including "Wayfair" and
certain variations thereon, copyrights and domain names in the U.S. and certain foreign locations. We also rely on the protection
of laws regarding unregistered copyrights for our proprietary software and certain other content we create. We will continue to
evaluate the merits applying for copyright registrations in the future. We have an issued patent regarding our proprietary
technology and we are evaluating additional patent applications. We expect to consider filing patent applications for future
technology inventions. We also rely on trade secret laws to protect our proprietary technology and other intellectual property. To
further protect our intellectual property, we enter into confidentiality and assignment of invention assignment agreements with
employees and certain contractors and confidentiality agreements with other third parties, such as suppliers.
Company Information
We began operating as Smart Tech Toys, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation, in May 2002 and changed our name to CSN
Stores, Inc. in February 2003. In March 2008, we formed, and contributed all of the assets and liabilities of CSN Stores, Inc. to a
subsidiary, CSN Stores LLC, and we continued operating our business through this Delaware limited liability company. In late
2011, we changed the name of CSN Stores, Inc. to SK Retail, Inc. and changed our name from CSN Stores LLC to
Wayfair LLC. In connection with our initial public offering, we completed a corporate reorganization, as a result of which
Wayfair Inc. was formed to be a holding company with no material assets other than 100% of the equity interests in
Wayfair LLC and SK Retail, Inc. For additional information regarding our corporate reorganization, see Note 1 to our
Consolidated Financial Statements, Basis of Presentation, included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary
Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Our executive offices are located at 4 Copley Place, 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02116, and our telephone number is
(617) 532-6100. Our corporate website address is www.wayfair.com. The information contained in, or accessible through, our
website does not constitute part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Available Information
We encourage investors to use our investor relations website, investor.wayfair.com, to find information about us. We
promptly make available on this website, free of charge, the reports that we file or furnish with the Securities and Exchange
Commission ("SEC"), and corporate governance information (including our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics). We file
annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy and information statements
and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a), 14 and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the "Exchange Act"). All material we file with the SEC is publicly available at the SEC's Public Reference Room at
100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the SEC's Public Reference Room by
calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and
information statements and other information regarding Wayfair and other issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Our
website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not a part of, or incorporated into, this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. Further, our references to website URLs are intended to be inactive textual references only.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described below. We
caution you that the following important factors, among others, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those
expressed in forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf in filings with the SEC, press releases, communications with
investors and oral statements. Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any other
public statements we make may turn out to be wrong. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known
or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors mentioned in the discussion below will be important in determining future
results. Consequently, no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Actual future results may differ materially from those
anticipated in forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a
result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosure we make in our
reports filed with the SEC.
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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Our recent growth rates may not be sustainable or indicative of our future growth.
Our historical growth rates may not be sustainable or indicative of future growth. We believe that our continued revenue
growth will depend upon, among other factors, our ability to:
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•
build our brands and launch new brands;
acquire more customers and retain existing customers;
develop new features to enhance the consumer experience on our websites, mobile-optimized websites and mobile
applications;
increase the frequency with which new and repeat customers purchase products on our sites through merchandising,
data, analytics and technology;
add new suppliers and deepen our relationships with our existing suppliers;
grow certain categories where we under index the broader home goods market today, such as home improvement,
housewares, seasonal decor and decorative accents;
enhance the systems our consumers use to interact with our sites and invest in our infrastructure platform;
expand internationally; and
opportunistically pursue strategic acquisitions.
We cannot assure you we will be able to achieve any of the foregoing. Our customer base may not continue to grow or may
decline as a result of increased competition and the maturation of our business. Failure to continue our revenue growth rates could
have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. You should not rely on our historical rate of
revenue growth as an indication of our future performance.
If we fail to manage our growth effectively, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.
To manage our growth effectively, we must continue to implement our operational plans and strategies, improve and expand
our infrastructure of people and information systems and expand, train and manage our employee base. We have rapidly increased
employee headcount since our inception to support the growth in our business. The number of our employees increased from
3,809 full-time equivalents as of December 31, 2015 to 5,637 full-time equivalents as of December 31, 2016. To support
continued growth, we must effectively integrate, develop and motivate a large number of new employees. We face significant
competition for personnel, particularly in the Boston, Massachusetts area where our headquarters are located. Failure to manage
our hiring needs effectively or successfully integrate our new hires may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and operating results.
Additionally, the growth of our business places significant demands on our management and other employees. For example,
we typically launch hundreds of promotional events across thousands of products each month on our sites via emails, "push"
notifications and personalized displays. These events require us to produce updates of our sites and emails to our customers on a
daily basis with different products, photos and text. The growth of our business may require significant additional resources to
meet these daily requirements, which may not scale in a cost-effective manner or may negatively affect the quality of our sites and
customer experience. We are also required to manage relationships with a growing number of suppliers, customers and other third
parties. Our information technology systems and our internal controls and procedures may not be adequate to support future
growth of our supplier base. If we are unable to manage the growth of our organization effectively, our business, financial
condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.
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If we fail to acquire new customers or retain existing customers, or fail to do so in a cost-effective manner, we may not be
able to achieve profitability.
Our success depends on our ability to acquire and retain customers in a cost-effective manner. In order to expand our
customer base, we must appeal to and acquire customers who have historically used other means of commerce to purchase home
goods and may prefer alternatives to our offerings, such as traditional brick and mortar retailers, the websites of our competitors
or our suppliers' own websites. We have made significant investments related to customer acquisition and expect to continue to
spend significant amounts to acquire additional customers. Our paid advertising efforts consist primarily of online channels,
including search engine marketing, display advertising, and paid social media, and to a lesser extent catalog and television
advertisements. These efforts are expensive and may not result in the cost-effective acquisition of customers. We cannot assure
you that the net profit from new customers we acquire will ultimately exceed the cost of acquiring those customers. If we fail to
deliver a quality shopping experience, or if consumers do not perceive the products we offer to be of high value and quality, we
may not be able to acquire new customers. If we are unable to acquire new customers who purchase products in numbers
sufficient to grow our business, we may not be able to generate the scale necessary to drive beneficial network effects with our
suppliers, our net revenue may decrease, and our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely
affected.
We believe that many of our new customers originate from word-of- mouth and other non-paid referrals from existing
customers. Therefore, we must ensure that our existing customers remain loyal to us in order to continue receiving those referrals.
If our efforts to satisfy our existing customers are not successful, we may not be able to acquire new customers in sufficient
numbers to continue to grow our business, or we may be required to incur significantly higher marketing expenses in order to
acquire new customers.
We also utilize non-paid advertising. Our non-paid advertising efforts include search engine optimization, non-paid social
media, mobile "push" notifications and email. We obtain a significant amount of traffic via search engines and, therefore, rely on
search engines such as Google, Bing and Yahoo!. Search engines frequently update and change the logic that determines the
placement and display of results of a user's search, such that the purchased or algorithmic placement of links to our sites can be
negatively affected. Moreover, a search engine could, for competitive or other purposes, alter its search algorithms or results,
causing our sites to place lower in search query results. A major search engine could change its algorithms in a manner that
negatively affects our paid or non-paid search ranking, and competitive dynamics could impact the effectiveness of search engine
marketing or search engine optimization. We also obtain a significant amount of traffic via social networking websites or other
channels used by our current and prospective customers. As e-commerce and social networking continue to rapidly evolve, we
must continue to establish relationships with these channels and may be unable to develop or maintain these relationships on
acceptable terms. If we are unable to cost-effectively drive traffic to our sites, our ability to acquire new customers and our
financial condition would suffer.
Our success depends in part on our ability to increase our net revenue per active customer. If our efforts to increase
customer loyalty and repeat purchasing as well as maintain high levels of customer engagement are not successful, our growth
prospects and revenue will be materially adversely affected.
Our ability to grow our business depends on our ability to retain our existing customer base and generate increased revenue
and repeat purchases from this customer base, and maintain high levels of customer engagement. To do this, we must continue to
provide our customers and potential customers with a unified, convenient, efficient and differentiated shopping experience by:
•
providing imagery, tools and technology that attract customers who historically would have bought elsewhere;
• maintaining a high-quality and diverse portfolio of products;
• managing our suppliers to deliver products on time and without damage; and
• maintaining and further developing our mobile platforms.
If we fail to increase net revenue per active customer, generate repeat purchases or maintain high levels of customer
engagement, our growth prospects, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
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Our business depends on our ability to build and maintain strong brands. We may not be able to maintain and enhance
our existing brands if we receive unfavorable customer complaints, negative publicity or otherwise fail to live up to consumers'
expectations, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and growth prospects.
We currently offer five distinct sites to our customers, but we do not have extensive operating history with most of these
brands. Maintaining and enhancing these brands are critical to expanding our base of customers and suppliers. However, a
significant portion of our customers' brand experience depends on third parties outside of our control, including suppliers and
logistics providers such as FedEx, UPS and the U.S. Postal Service. If these third parties do not meet our or our customers'
expectations, our brands may suffer irreparable damage. In addition, maintaining and enhancing these brands may require us to
make substantial investments, and these investments may not be successful. If we fail to promote and maintain our brands, or if
we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business, operating results and financial condition may be materially adversely
affected. We anticipate that, as our market becomes increasingly competitive, maintaining and enhancing our brands may become
increasingly difficult and expensive. Maintaining and enhancing our brands will depend largely on our ability to provide high
quality products to our customers and a reliable, trustworthy and profitable sales channel to our suppliers, which we may not be
able to do successfully.
Customer complaints or negative publicity about our sites, products, product delivery times, customer data handling and
security practices or customer support, especially on blogs, social media websites and our sites, could rapidly and severely
diminish consumer use of our sites and consumer and supplier confidence in us and result in harm to our brands.
Our efforts to expand our business into new products, services, technologies, and geographic regions will subject us to
additional business, legal, financial, and competitive risks and may not be successful.
Our business success depends to some extent on our ability to expand our customer offerings by launching new brands and
services and by expanding our existing offerings into new geographies. For example, in 2014 we launched Birch Lane, and in
2016 we launched Wayfair.ca in Canada as well as Wayfair Registry, our wedding registry service. Launching new brands and
services or expanding internationally requires significant upfront investments, including investments in marketing, information
technology, and additional personnel. Expanding our brands internationally is particularly challenging because it requires us to
gain country-specific knowledge about consumers, regional competitors and local laws, construct home goods catalogs specific to
the country, build local logistics capabilities and customize portions of our technology for local markets. We may not be able to
generate satisfactory revenue from these efforts to offset these upfront costs. Any lack of market acceptance of our efforts to
launch new brands and services or to expand our existing offerings could have a material adverse effect on our business,
prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We have also entered and may continue to enter into new markets in which we have limited or no experience, which may
not be successful or appealing to our customers. These activities may present new and difficult technological and logistical
challenges, and resulting service disruptions, failures or other quality issues may cause customer dissatisfaction and harm our
reputation and brand. Further, our current and potential competitors in new market segments may have greater brand recognition,
financial resources, longer operating histories and larger customer bases than we do in these areas. As a result, we may not be
successful enough in these newer areas to recoup our investments in them. If this occurs, our business, financial condition and
operating results may be materially adversely affected.
Expansion of our international operations will require management attention and resources, involves additional risks,
and may be unsuccessful, which could harm our future business development and existing domestic operations.
We believe international expansion represents a significant growth opportunity for us. Today, we deliver products to
customers in a number of countries, and plan to expand into other international markets in order to grow our business, which will
require significant management attention and resources. For example, we have made and will continue to make significant
investments in information technology, logistics, supplier relationships, merchandising and marketing in the foreign jurisdictions
in which we operate or plan to operate. We have limited experience in selling our products to conform to different local cultures,
standards and regulations, and the products we offer may not appeal to customers in the same manner, if at all, in other
geographies. We may have to compete with local companies which understand the local market better than we do and/or may
have greater brand recognition than we do. In addition, to deliver satisfactory performance for customers in international
locations, it may be necessary to locate physical facilities, such as consolidation centers, in foreign markets, and we may have to
invest in these facilities before we can determine whether or not our foreign operations are successful. We have limited experience
establishing such facilities internationally and therefore may decide not to continue with the expansion of international operations.
We may not be successful in expanding into additional international markets or in generating net revenue from foreign operations.
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Furthermore, different privacy, censorship, liability, intellectual property and other laws and regulations in foreign countries may
cause our business, financial condition and operating results to be materially adversely affected.
Our future results could be materially adversely affected by a number of factors inherent in international operations,
including:
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localization of our product offerings, including translation into foreign languages and adaptation for local practices,
standards and regulations;
the need to vary our practices in ways with which we have limited or no experience or which are less profitable or
carry more risk to us;
unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, taxes, trade laws, tariffs, export quotas, custom duties or other trade
restrictions;
•
differing labor regulations where labor laws may be more advantageous to employees as compared to the U.S.;
• more stringent regulations relating to data privacy and security, including the use of commercial and personal
information, particularly in the European Union;
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changes in a specific country's or region's political or economic conditions;
the rising cost of labor in the foreign countries in which our suppliers operate, resulting in increases in our costs of
doing business internationally;
challenges inherent in efficiently managing an increased number of employees over large geographic distances,
including the need to implement appropriate systems, policies, benefits and compliance programs and maintain our
corporate culture across geographies;
risks resulting from changes in currency exchange rates;
limitations on our ability to reinvest earnings from operations in one country to fund the capital needs of our
operations in other countries;
different or lesser intellectual property protection;
exposure to liabilities under anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act and similar laws and regulations in other jurisdictions;
import/export controls; and
logistics and sourcing.
Operating internationally requires significant management attention and financial resources. We cannot be certain that the
investment and additional resources required to establish and expand our international operations will produce desired levels of
net revenue or profitability. If we invest substantial time and resources to establish and expand our international operations and
are unable to do so successfully and in a timely manner, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially
adversely affected.
We have a history of losses and expect to have operating losses and negative cash flow as we continue to expand our
business.
We have a history of losses, and we accumulated $306.2 million in common members' deficit as Wayfair LLC and an
additional $329.9 million loss as Wayfair Inc. through December 31, 2016. Because the market for purchasing home goods online
is rapidly evolving and has not yet reached widespread adoption, it is difficult for us to predict our future operating results. As a
result, our losses may be larger than anticipated, and we may never achieve profitability. Also, we expect our operating expenses
to increase over the next several years as we expand internationally, grow our proprietary logistics network, and continue to
develop new brands and features on our sites. Furthermore, if our future growth and operating performance fail to meet investor
or analyst expectations, or if we have future negative cash flow or losses resulting from our investment in acquiring new
customers, our financial condition and stock price could be materially adversely affected.
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System interruptions that impair customer access to our sites or other performance failures in our technology
infrastructure could damage our business, reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of
operations.
The satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of our sites, transaction processing systems and technology
infrastructure are critical to our reputation and our ability to acquire and retain customers, as well as maintain adequate customer
service levels.
We currently utilize three third-party data center hosting facilities. If one of our facilities fails or suffers an interruption or
degradation of services, we could lose customer data and miss order fulfillment deadlines, which could harm our business. Our
systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, terrorist
attacks, cyber-attacks, data loss, acts of war, break-ins, earthquake and similar events. In the event of a failure of a facility, the
failover to its back-up facility could take substantial time, during which time our sites could be completely shut down. Our back-
up facilities are designed to support transaction volumes at a level slightly above our average daily sales, but may not be adequate
to support spikes in demand. Our back-up facilities may not process effectively during times of higher traffic to our sites and may
process transactions more slowly and may not support all of our sites' functionality.
We use complex proprietary software in our technology infrastructure, which we seek to continually update and improve.
We may not always be successful in executing these upgrades and improvements, and the operation of our systems may be subject
to failure. In particular, we have in the past and may in the future experience slowdowns or interruptions in some or all of our sites
when we are updating them, and new technologies or infrastructures may not be fully integrated with existing systems on a timely
basis, or at all. Additionally, if we expand our use of third-party services, including cloud-based services, our technology
infrastructure may be subject to increased risk of slowdown or interruption as a result of integration with such services and/or
failures by such third-parties, which are out of our control. Our net revenue depends on the number of visitors who shop on our
sites and the volume of orders we can handle. Unavailability of our sites or reduced order fulfillment performance would reduce
the volume of goods sold and could also materially adversely affect consumer perception of our brand. We may experience
periodic system interruptions from time to time. In addition, continued growth in our transaction volume, as well as surges in
online traffic and orders associated with promotional activities or seasonal trends in our business, place additional demands on our
technology platform and could cause or exacerbate slowdowns or interruptions. If there is a substantial increase in the volume of
traffic on our sites or the number of orders placed by customers, we will be required to further expand and upgrade our
technology, transaction processing systems and network infrastructure. There can be no assurance that we will be able to
accurately project the rate or timing of increases, if any, in the use of our sites or expand and upgrade our systems and
infrastructure to accommodate such increases on a timely basis. In order to remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and
improve the responsiveness, functionality and features of our sites, which is particularly challenging given the rapid rate at which
new technologies, customer preferences and expectations and industry standards and practices are evolving in the e-commerce
industry. Accordingly, we redesign and enhance various functions on our sites on a regular basis, and we may experience
instability and performance issues as a result of these changes.
Any slowdown or failure of our sites and the underlying technology infrastructure could harm our business, reputation and
our ability to acquire, retain and serve our customers, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations. Our
disaster recovery plan may be inadequate, and our business interruption insurance may not be sufficient to compensate us for the
losses that could occur.
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Our business is highly competitive. Competition presents an ongoing threat to the success of our business.
Our business is rapidly evolving and intensely competitive, and we have many competitors in different industries. Our
competition includes furniture stores, big box retailers, department stores, specialty retailers, and online retailers and marketplaces
in the U.S., Canada, the United Kingdom and Germany, including:
• Furniture Stores: Ashley Furniture, At Home, Bob's Discount Furniture, Havertys, Raymour & Flanagan, Rooms To
Go;
• Big Box Retailers: Bed Bath & Beyond, Home Depot, IKEA, Lowe's, Target and Walmart;
• Department Stores: JCPenney and Macy's;
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Specialty Retailers: Crate and Barrel, Ethan Allen, HomeGoods, Pottery Barn and Restoration Hardware;
• Online Retailers and Online Marketplaces: Amazon and eBay; and
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International: Leon's, Canadian Tire, John Lewis, WorldStores, Otto and Home24, in addition to several of the
companies listed above who also compete with us internationally.
We expect competition in e-commerce generally to continue to increase. We believe that our ability to compete successfully
depends upon many factors both within and beyond our control, including:
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the size and composition of our customer base;
the number of suppliers and products we feature on our sites;
our selling and marketing efforts;
the quality, price and reliability of products we offer;
the convenience of the shopping experience that we provide;
our ability to distribute our products and manage our operations; and
our reputation and brand strength.
Many of our current competitors have, and potential competitors may have, longer operating histories, greater brand
recognition, larger fulfillment infrastructures, greater technical capabilities, faster and less costly shipping, significantly greater
financial, marketing and other resources and larger customer bases than we do. These factors may allow our competitors to derive
greater net revenue and profits from their existing customer base, acquire customers at lower costs or respond more quickly than
we can to new or emerging technologies and changes in consumer habits. These competitors may engage in more extensive
research and development efforts, undertake more far-reaching marketing campaigns and adopt more aggressive pricing policies,
which may allow them to build larger customer bases or generate net revenue from their customer bases more effectively than we
do.
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Purchasers of home goods may not choose to shop online, which would prevent us from growing our business.
The online market for home goods in the U.S. is less developed than the online market for apparel, consumer electronics and
other consumer products in the U.S. and, we believe, only accounts for a small portion of the market as a whole. If the online
market for home goods does not gain acceptance, our business may suffer. Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to
attract consumers who have historically purchased home goods through traditional retailers. Furthermore, we may have to incur
significantly higher and more sustained advertising and promotional expenditures in order to attract additional online consumers
to our sites and convert them into purchasing customers. Specific factors that could impact consumers' willingness to purchase
home goods from us include:
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concerns about buying products, and in particular larger products, without a physical storefront, face-to-face
interaction with sales personnel and the ability to physically examine products;
delivery time associated with online orders;
actual or perceived lack of security of online transactions and concerns regarding the privacy of personal
information;
delayed shipments or shipments of incorrect or damaged products;
inconvenience associated with returning or exchanging items purchased online; and
usability, functionality and features of our sites.
If the shopping experience we provide does not appeal to consumers or meet the expectations of existing customers, we may
not acquire new customers at rates consistent with historical periods, and existing customers' buying patterns and levels may be
less than historical rates.
We may be subject to product liability claims if people or property are harmed by the products we sell.
Some of the products we sell may expose us to product liability claims and litigation (including class actions) or regulatory
action relating to personal injury, death or environmental or property damage. Some of our agreements with members of our
supply chain may not indemnify us from product liability for a particular product, and some members of our supply chain may not
have sufficient resources or insurance to satisfy their indemnity and defense obligations. Although we maintain liability insurance,
we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be
available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all.
Risks associated with the suppliers from whom our products are sourced could materially adversely affect our financial
performance as well as our reputation and brand.
We depend on our ability to provide our customers with a wide range of products from qualified suppliers in a timely and
efficient manner. Political and economic instability, the financial stability of suppliers, suppliers' ability to meet our standards,
labor problems experienced by suppliers, the availability of raw materials, merchandise quality issues, currency exchange rates,
transport availability and cost, transport security, inflation, and other factors relating to our suppliers are beyond our control.
Our agreements with most of our suppliers do not provide for the long-term availability of merchandise or the continuation
of particular pricing practices, nor do they usually restrict such suppliers from selling products to other buyers. There can be no
assurance that our current suppliers will continue to seek to sell us products on current terms or that we will be able to establish
new or otherwise extend current supply relationships to ensure product acquisitions in a timely and efficient manner and on
acceptable commercial terms. Our ability to develop and maintain relationships with reputable suppliers and offer high quality
merchandise to our customers is critical to our success. If we are unable to develop and maintain relationships with suppliers that
would allow us to offer a sufficient amount and variety of quality merchandise on acceptable commercial terms, our ability to
satisfy our customers' needs, and therefore our long-term growth prospects, would be materially adversely affected.
Further, we rely largely on our suppliers’ representations of product quality, safety and compliance with applicable laws and
standards. If our suppliers or other vendors violate applicable laws, regulations or our supplier code of conduct, or implement
practices regarded as unethical, unsafe, or hazardous to the environment, it could damage our reputation and negatively affect our
operating results. Further, concerns regarding the safety and quality of products provided by our suppliers could cause our
customers to avoid purchasing those products from us, or avoid purchasing products from us altogether, even if the basis for the
concern is outside of our control. As such, any issue, or perceived issue, regarding the quality and safety of any items we sell,
regardless of the cause, could adversely affect our brand, reputation, operations and financial results.
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We also are unable to predict whether any of the countries in which our suppliers' products are currently manufactured or
may be manufactured in the future will be subject to trade restrictions imposed by the U.S. or foreign governments or the
likelihood, type or effect of any such restrictions. Any event causing a disruption or delay of imports from suppliers with
international manufacturing operations, including the imposition of additional import restrictions, restrictions on the transfer of
funds or increased tariffs or quotas, could increase the cost or reduce the supply of merchandise available to our customers and
materially adversely affect our financial performance as well as our reputation and brand. Furthermore, some or all of our
suppliers' foreign operations may be adversely affected by political and financial instability, resulting in the disruption of trade
from exporting countries, restrictions on the transfer of funds or other trade disruptions.
In addition, our business with foreign suppliers, particularly with respect to our international sites, may be affected by
changes in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies. For example, any movement by any other foreign
currency against the U.S. dollar may result in higher costs to us for those goods. Declines in foreign currencies and currency
exchange rates might negatively affect the profitability and business prospects of one or more of our foreign suppliers. This, in
turn, might cause such foreign suppliers to demand higher prices for merchandise in their effort to offset any lost profits
associated with any currency devaluation, delay merchandise shipments, or discontinue selling to us altogether, any of which
could ultimately reduce our sales or increase our costs.
We may be unable to source new suppliers or strengthen our relationships with current suppliers.
As of December 31, 2016, we had relationships with over 10,000 suppliers. Our agreements with suppliers are generally
terminable at will by either party upon short notice. If we do not maintain our existing relationships or build new relationships
with suppliers on acceptable commercial terms, we may not be able to maintain a broad selection of merchandise, and our
business and prospects would suffer severely.
In order to attract quality suppliers to our platform, we must:
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demonstrate our ability to help our suppliers increase their sales;
offer suppliers a high quality, cost-effective fulfillment process; and
continue to provide suppliers with a dynamic and real-time view of our demand and inventory needs.
If we are unable to provide our suppliers with a compelling return on investment and an ability to increase their sales, we
may be unable to maintain and/or expand our supplier network, which would negatively impact our business.
We depend on our suppliers to perform certain services regarding the products that we offer.
As part of offering our suppliers' products for sale on our sites, these suppliers are often responsible for conducting a
number of traditional retail operations with respect to their respective products, including maintaining inventory and preparing
merchandise for shipment to our customers. In these instances, we may be unable to ensure that these suppliers will continue to
perform these services to our or our customers' satisfaction in a manner that provides our customer with a unified brand
experience or on commercially reasonable terms. If our customers become dissatisfied with the services provided by our
suppliers, our business, reputation and brands could suffer.
We depend on our relationships with third parties, and changes in our relationships with these parties could adversely
impact our revenue and profits.
Because we rely on FedEx, UPS and the U.S. Postal Service to deliver most of the small parcel products we offer on our
sites, we are subject to shipping delays or disruptions caused by inclement weather, natural disasters, labor activism, health
epidemics or bioterrorism. In addition, because we rely on national and regional major transportation companies for the delivery
of some of our other products, we are also subject to risks of breakage or other damage during delivery by any of these third
parties. We also use and rely on other services from third parties, such as our telecommunications services, and those services may
be subject to outages and interruptions that are not within our control. For example, failures by our telecommunications providers
have in the past and may in the future interrupt our ability to provide phone support to our customers. If these products are not
delivered in a timely fashion or are damaged during the delivery process, or if we are not able to provide adequate customer
support, our customers could become dissatisfied and cease buying products through our sites, which would adversely affect our
operating results.
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We also have relationships with third-party retail partners that allow consumers to purchase products offered by us though
their websites and mobile applications. Because our agreements with our retail partners are generally terminable at will, we may
be unable to maintain these relationships, and our results of operations could fluctuate significantly from period to period
depending on the performance of our retail partners and their willingness to continue to offer and/or promote our products. Our
agreements with our retail partners may also restrict our ability to market certain products, and not all of our suppliers may permit
us to market through all of our retail partners' sites. Because some of our retail partners are competitors or potential competitors in
the home goods market, some or all of our retail partners may in the future determine they no longer wish to do business with us
or may decide to take other actions that could harm our business. We may also determine that we no longer want to do business
with them. Because we do business with a small number of retail partners, if any one of our contracts with our retailer partners
were to terminate, our revenue from our retail partners may decline and our relationships with our suppliers may be adversely
affected.
If our internal control over financial reporting or our disclosure controls and procedures are not effective, we may not be
able to accurately report our financial results, prevent fraud or file our periodic reports in a timely manner, which may cause
investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and may lead to a decline in our stock price.
We were a private company for 12 years prior to our initial public offering (the "IPO") in October 2014 and, as such, have
not historically had the internal control and financial reporting requirements that are required of a publicly-traded company. The
year ending December 31, 2015 was the first year during which we were required to comply with the requirements of The
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which requires that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure
controls and procedures. In particular, we must perform system and process evaluation, document our controls and perform
testing of our key control over financial reporting to allow management and our independent public accounting firm to report on
the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Our
testing, or the subsequent testing by our independent public accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal control over
financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404
in a timely manner, or if we or our accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are
deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of our stock would likely decline and we could be subject to lawsuits,
sanctions or investigations by regulatory authorities, including SEC enforcement actions, and we could be required to restate our
financial results, any of which would require additional financial and management resources.
We continue to invest in more robust technology and in more resources in order to manage those reporting requirements.
Implementing the appropriate changes to our internal controls may distract our officers and employees, result in substantial costs
and require significant time to complete. Any difficulties or delays in implementing these controls could impact our ability to
timely report our financial results. In addition, we currently rely on a manual process in some areas which increases our exposure
to human error or intervention in reporting our financial results. For these reasons, we may encounter difficulties in the timely and
accurate reporting of our financial results, which would impact our ability to provide our investors with information in a timely
manner. As a result, our investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, and our stock price could decline.
In addition, any such changes do not guarantee that we will be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal
controls, and any failure to maintain that adequacy could prevent us from accurately reporting our financial results.
We may be unable to accurately forecast net revenue and appropriately plan our expenses in the future.
Net revenue and operating results are difficult to forecast because they generally depend on the volume, timing, and type of
orders we receive, all of which are uncertain. We base our expense levels and investment plans on our estimates of total net
revenue and gross margins. We cannot be sure the same growth rates, trends, and other key performance metrics are meaningful
predictors of future growth. If our assumptions prove to be wrong, we may spend more than we anticipate acquiring and retaining
customers or may generate less net revenue per active customer than anticipated, any of which could have a negative impact on
our business and results of operations.
Our business is also affected by general economic and business conditions in the U.S., and we anticipate that it will be
increasingly affected by conditions in international markets. In addition, we experience seasonal trends in our business, and our
mix of product offerings is highly variable from day-to-day and quarter-to-quarter. This variability makes it difficult to predict
sales and could result in significant fluctuations in our net revenue from period-to-period. A significant portion of our expenses is
fixed, and as a result, we may be unable to adjust our spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected shortfall in
net revenue. Any failure to accurately predict net revenue or gross margins could cause our operating results to be lower than
expected, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and stock price.
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Our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited, and our failure to raise capital when needed could prevent us
from growing.
In the future, we could be required to or may decide to raise capital through public or private financing or other
arrangements. Such financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed or
desired could harm our business. We may sell Class A common stock, convertible securities and other equity securities in one or
more transactions at prices and in a manner as we may determine from time to time. If we sell any such securities in subsequent
transactions, investors may be materially diluted. New investors in such subsequent transactions could gain rights, preferences
and privileges senior to those of holders of our Class A common stock. Debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive
covenants and could reduce our operational flexibility or profitability. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms, we may not
be able to grow our business or respond to competitive pressures.
Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to provide our customers a cost-effective shopping platform that
is able to respond and adapt to rapid changes in technology.
The number of people who access the Internet through devices other than personal computers, including mobile phones,
smartphones, handheld computers such as notebooks and tablets, video game consoles, and television set-top devices, has
increased dramatically in the past few years. We continually upgrade existing technologies and business applications to keep pace
with these rapidly changing and continuously evolving technologies, and we may be required to implement new technologies or
business applications in the future. The implementation of these upgrades and changes requires significant investments and as
new devices and platforms are released, it is difficult to predict the problems we may encounter in developing applications for
these alternative devices and platforms. Additionally, we may need to devote significant resources to the support and maintenance
of such applications once created. Our results of operations may be affected by the timing, effectiveness and costs associated with
the successful implementation of any upgrades or changes to our systems and infrastructure to accommodate such alternative
devices and platforms. Further, in the event that it is more difficult or less compelling for our customers to buy products from us
on their mobile or other devices, or if our customers choose not to buy products from us on such devices or to use mobile or other
products that do not offer access to our websites, our customer growth could be harmed and our business, financial condition and
operating results may be materially adversely affected.
Significant merchandise returns could harm our business.
We allow our customers to return products, subject to our return policy. If merchandise returns are significant, our business,
prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed. Further, we modify our policies relating to returns from
time to time, which may result in customer dissatisfaction or an increase in the number of product returns. Many of our products
are large and require special handling and delivery. From time to time our products are damaged in transit, which can increase
return rates and harm our brand.
Uncertainties in global economic conditions and their impact on consumer spending patterns, particularly in the home
goods segment, could adversely impact our operating results.
Consumers may view a substantial portion of the products we offer as discretionary items rather than necessities. As a
result, our results of operations are sensitive to changes in macro-economic conditions that impact consumer spending, including
discretionary spending. Some of the factors adversely affecting consumer spending include levels of unemployment, consumer
debt levels, changes in net worth based on market changes and uncertainty, home foreclosures and changes in home values,
fluctuating interest rates, credit availability, government actions, fluctuating fuel and other energy costs, fluctuating commodity
prices and general uncertainty regarding the overall future economic environment. Adverse economic changes in any of the
regions in which we sell our products could reduce consumer confidence and could negatively affect net revenue and have a
material adverse effect on our operating results.
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Our business relies heavily on email and other messaging services, and any restrictions on the sending of emails or
messages or an inability to timely deliver such communications could materially adversely affect our net revenue and business.
Our business is highly dependent upon email and other messaging services for promoting our sites and products. Daily
promotions offered through emails and other messages sent by us, or on our behalf by our vendors, generate a significant portion
of our revenue. We provide daily emails and "push" communications to customers and other visitors informing them of what is
available for purchase on our sites that day, and we believe these messages are an important part of our customer experience and
help generate a substantial portion of our net revenue. If we are unable to successfully deliver emails or other messages to our
subscribers, or if subscribers decline to open our emails or other messages, our net revenue and profitability would be materially
adversely affected. Changes in how webmail applications organize and prioritize email may reduce the number of subscribers
opening our emails. For example, in 2013 Google Inc.'s Gmail service began offering a feature that organizes incoming emails
into categories (for example, primary, social and promotions). Such categorization or similar inbox organizational features may
result in our emails being delivered in a less prominent location in a subscriber's inbox or viewed as "spam" by our subscribers
and may reduce the likelihood of that subscriber opening our emails. Actions by third parties to block, impose restrictions on or
charge for the delivery of emails or other messages could also adversely impact our business. From time to time, Internet service
providers or other third parties may block bulk email transmissions or otherwise experience technical difficulties that result in our
inability to successfully deliver emails or other messages to third parties. Changes in the laws or regulations that limit our ability
to send such communications or impose additional requirements upon us in connection with sending such communications would
also materially adversely impact our business. Our use of email and other messaging services to send communications about our
sites or other matters may also result in legal claims against us, which may cause us increased expenses, and if successful might
result in fines and orders with costly reporting and compliance obligations or might limit or prohibit our ability to send emails or
other messages. We also rely on social networking messaging services to send communications and to encourage customers to
send communications. Changes to the terms of these social networking services to limit promotional communications, any
restrictions that would limit our ability or our customers' ability to send communications through their services, disruptions or
downtime experienced by these social networking services or decline in the use of or engagement with social networking services
by customers and potential customers could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
We are subject to risks related to online payment methods.
We accept payments using a variety of methods, including credit card, debit card, PayPal, credit accounts (including
promotional financing) and gift cards. As we offer new payment options to consumers, we may be subject to additional
regulations, compliance requirements and fraud. For certain payment methods, including credit and debit cards, we pay
interchange and other fees, which may increase over time and raise our operating costs and lower profitability. We also offer co-
branded credit card programs, which could adversely affect our operating results if terminated. We are also subject to payment
card association operating rules and certification requirements, including the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard and
rules governing electronic funds transfers, which could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to
comply. As our business changes, we may also be subject to different rules under existing standards, which may require new
assessments that involve costs above what we currently pay for compliance. If we fail to comply with the rules or requirements of
any provider of a payment method we accept, if the volume of fraud in our transactions limits or terminates our rights to use
payment methods we currently accept, or if a data breach occurs relating to our payment systems, we may, among other things, be
subject to fines or higher transaction fees and may lose, or face restrictions placed upon, our ability to accept credit card and debit
card payments from consumers or to facilitate other types of online payments. If any of these events were to occur, our business,
financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.
We occasionally receive orders placed with fraudulent credit card data. We may suffer losses as a result of orders placed
with fraudulent credit card data even if the associated financial institution approved payment of the orders. Under current credit
card practices, we may be liable for fraudulent credit card transactions. If we are unable to detect or control credit card fraud, our
liability for these transactions could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Government regulation of the Internet and e-commerce is evolving, and unfavorable changes or failure by us to comply
with these regulations could substantially harm our business and results of operations.
We are subject to general business regulations and laws as well as regulations and laws specifically governing the Internet
and e-commerce. Existing and future regulations and laws could impede the growth of the Internet, e- commerce or mobile
commerce. These regulations and laws may involve taxes, tariffs, privacy and data security, anti-spam, content protection,
electronic contracts and communications, consumer protection, Internet neutrality and gift cards. It is not clear how existing laws
governing issues such as property ownership, sales and other taxes and consumer privacy apply to the Internet as the vast majority
of these laws were adopted prior to the advent of the Internet and do not contemplate or address the unique issues raised by the
Internet or e-commerce. It is possible that general business regulations and laws, or those specifically governing the Internet or e-
commerce, may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with
other rules or our practices. We cannot be sure that our practices have complied, comply or will comply fully with all such laws
and regulations. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with any of these laws or regulations could result in damage to
our reputation, a loss in business and proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others. Any such proceeding or
action could hurt our reputation, force us to spend significant amounts in defense of these proceedings, distract our management,
increase our costs of doing business, decrease the use of our sites by consumers and suppliers and may result in the imposition of
monetary liability. We may also be contractually liable to indemnify and hold harmless third parties from the costs or
consequences of non-compliance with any such laws or regulations. In addition, it is possible that governments of one or more
countries may seek to censor content available on our sites or may even attempt to completely block access to our sites. Adverse
legal or regulatory developments could substantially harm our business. In particular, in the event that we are restricted, in whole
or in part, from operating in one or more countries, our ability to retain or increase our customer base may be adversely affected,
and we may not be able to maintain or grow our net revenue and expand our business as anticipated. Further, as we enter into new
market segments or geographical areas and expand the products and services we offer, we may be subject to additional laws and
regulatory requirements or prohibited from conducting our business, or certain aspects of it, in certain jurisdictions. We will incur
additional costs complying with these additional obligations and any failure or perceived failure to comply would adversely affect
our business and reputation.
Failure to comply with federal, state and international laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and
consumer protection, or the expansion of current or the enactment of new laws or regulations relating to privacy, data
protection and consumer protection, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.
A variety of federal, state and international laws and regulations govern the collection, use, retention, sharing, export and
security of consumer data. Laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection are evolving and
subject to potentially differing interpretations. These requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent
from one jurisdiction to another or may conflict with other rules or our practices. As a result, our practices may not comply, or
may not comply in the future with all such laws, regulations, requirements and obligations. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us
to comply with our posted privacy policies or with any federal, state or international privacy or consumer protection- related laws,
regulations, industry self-regulatory principles, industry standards or codes of conduct, regulatory guidance, orders to which we
may be subject or other legal obligations relating to privacy or consumer protection could adversely affect our reputation, brand
and business, and may result in claims, proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others or other liabilities or
require us to change our operations and/or cease using certain data sets. Any such claim, proceeding or action could hurt our
reputation, brand and business, force us to incur significant expenses in defense of such proceedings, distract our management,
increase our costs of doing business, result in a loss of customers and suppliers and may result in the imposition of monetary
penalties. We may also be contractually required to indemnify and hold harmless third parties from the costs or consequences of
non-compliance with any laws, regulations or other legal obligations relating to privacy or consumer protection or any inadvertent
or unauthorized use or disclosure of data that we store or handle as part of operating our business.
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Federal, state and international governmental authorities continue to evaluate the privacy implications inherent in the use of
third-party "cookies" and other methods of online tracking for behavioral advertising and other purposes. U.S. and foreign
governments have enacted, have considered or are considering legislation or regulations that could significantly restrict the ability
of companies and individuals to engage in these activities, such as by regulating the level of consumer notice and consent required
before a company can employ cookies or other electronic tracking tools or the use of data gathered with such tools. Additionally,
some providers of consumer devices and web browsers have implemented, or announced plans to implement, means to make it
easier for Internet users to prevent the placement of cookies or to block other tracking technologies, which could if widely
adopted result in the use of third-party cookies and other methods of online tracking becoming significantly less effective. The
regulation of the use of these cookies and other current online tracking and advertising practices or a loss in our ability to make
effective use of services that employ such technologies could increase our costs of operations and limit our ability to acquire new
customers on cost-effective terms and consequently, materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating
results.
Foreign data protection, privacy and other laws and regulations are often more restrictive than those in the U.S. The
European Union, for example, traditionally has imposed stricter obligations under its laws and regulations relating to privacy, data
protection and consumer protection than the U.S. Individual EU member countries currently still have discretion with respect to
their interpretation and implementation of these laws and the penalties for breach and have their own regulators with differing
attitudes towards enforcement, which results in varying privacy standards and enforcement risk from country to country.
Legislation and regulation in the European Union and some EU member states require companies to give specific types of notice
and in some cases seek consent from consumers before using their data for certain purposes, including some marketing activities.
In the majority of EU member countries, consent must be obtained prior to setting cookies or other tracking technologies. Outside
of the European Union, there are many countries with data protections laws, and new countries are adopting data protection
legislation with increasing frequency. Many of these laws may require consent from consumers for the use of data for various
purposes, including marketing, which may reduce our ability to market our products. There is no harmonized approach to these
laws and regulations globally. Consequently, we increase our risk of non-compliance with applicable foreign data protection laws
and regulations as we continue our international expansion. We may need to change and limit the way we use consumer
information in operating our business and may have difficulty maintaining a single operating model that is compliant. Compliance
with such laws and regulations will result in additional costs and may necessitate changes to our business practices and divergent
operating models, which may adversely affect our business and financial condition.
In addition, various federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies, or self-regulatory organizations, may expand
current laws or regulations, enact new laws or regulations or issue revised rules or guidance regarding privacy, data protection and
consumer protection. Any such changes may force us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices. This
could compromise our ability to pursue our growth strategy effectively and may adversely affect our ability to acquire customers
or otherwise harm our business, financial condition and operating results.
Our failure or the failure of third-party service providers to protect our sites, networks and systems against security
breaches, or otherwise to protect our confidential information, could damage our reputation and brand and substantially harm
our business and operating results.
We collect, maintain, transmit and store data about our customers, suppliers and others, including credit card information
and personally identifiable information, as well as other confidential and proprietary information. We also employ third-party
service providers that store, process and transmit proprietary, personal and confidential information on our behalf. We rely on
encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties in an effort to securely transmit confidential and sensitive
information, including credit card numbers. Advances in computer capabilities, new technological discoveries or other
developments may result in the whole or partial failure of this technology to protect transaction data or other confidential and
sensitive information from being breached or compromised. Our security measures, and those of our third-party service providers,
may not detect or prevent all attempts to hack our systems, denial-of-service attacks, viruses, malicious software, break-ins,
phishing attacks, social engineering, security breaches or other attacks and similar disruptions that may jeopardize the security of
information stored in or transmitted by our sites, networks and systems or that we or our third-party service providers otherwise
maintain including payment card systems. We and our service providers may not anticipate or prevent all types of attacks until
after they have already been launched, and techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or sabotage systems change
frequently and may not be known until launched against us or our third-party service providers. In addition, security breaches can
also occur as a result of non-technical issues, including intentional or inadvertent breaches by our employees or by persons with
whom we have commercial relationships.
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Breaches of our security measures or those of our third-party service providers or cyber security incidents could result in
unauthorized access to our sites, networks and systems; unauthorized access to and misappropriation of consumer information,
including consumers' personally identifiable information, or other confidential or proprietary information of ourselves or third
parties; limited or terminated access to certain payment methods or fines or higher transaction fees to use such methods; viruses,
worms, spyware or other malware being served from our sites, networks or systems; deletion or modification of content or the
display of unauthorized content on our sites; interruption, disruption or malfunction of operations; costs relating to breach
remediation, deployment or training of additional personnel and protection technologies, responses to governmental investigations
and media inquiries and coverage; engagement of third party experts and consultants; litigation, regulatory action and other
potential liabilities. If any of these breaches of security occur, our reputation and brand could be damaged, our business may
suffer, we could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate problems caused by such breaches and
we could be exposed to a risk of loss, litigation or regulatory action and possible liability. In addition, any party who is able to
illicitly obtain a subscriber's password could access the subscriber's transaction data or personal information. Any compromise or
breach of our security measures, or those of our third-party service providers, could violate applicable privacy, data security and
other laws, and cause significant legal and financial exposure, adverse publicity and a loss of confidence in our security measures,
which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. Although we maintain
privacy, data breach and network security liability insurance, we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for
liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all. We
may need to devote significant resources to protect against security breaches or to address problems caused by breaches, diverting
resources from the growth and expansion of our business.
Changes in tax treatment of companies engaged in e-commerce may adversely affect the commercial use of our sites and
our financial results.
Due to the global nature of the Internet, it is possible that various states or foreign countries might attempt to impose
additional or new regulation on our business or levy additional or new sales, income or other taxes relating to our activities. Tax
authorities at the international, federal, state and local levels are currently reviewing the appropriate treatment of companies
engaged in e-commerce. New or revised international, federal, state or local tax regulations may subject us or our customers to
additional sales, income and other taxes. For example, Congress is considering various approaches to legislation that would
require companies engaged in e-commerce to collect sales tax taxes on Internet revenue and a growing number of U.S. states and
certain foreign jurisdictions have adopted or are considering proposals to impose obligations on remote sellers and online
marketplaces to collect taxes on their behalf. We cannot predict the effect of current attempts to impose sales, income or other
taxes on e-commerce. New or revised taxes and, in particular, sales taxes, VAT and similar taxes would likely increase the cost of
doing business online and decrease the attractiveness of selling products over the Internet. New taxes could also create significant
increases in internal costs necessary to capture data and collect and remit taxes. Any of these events could have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Taxing authorities may successfully assert that we should have collected or in the future should collect sales and use,
commercial activity, VAT or similar taxes, and we could be subject to liability with respect to past or future sales, which could
adversely affect our operating results.
We do not collect sales and use, commercial activity, VAT or similar taxes in all jurisdictions in which we have sales, based
on our belief that such taxes are not applicable. Sales and use, VAT and similar tax laws and rates vary greatly by jurisdiction.
Several states have presented us with tax assessments, alleging that we are required to collect and remit sales or other similar
taxes. While we do not believe that we are obligated to collect and remit such taxes and intend to vigorously defend our position,
we cannot be sure of the outcome of our discussions and/or appeals with these states. In the event of an adverse outcome, we
could face assessments for additional time periods since the last assessments we received, plus any additional interest and
penalties. We also expect additional jurisdictions may make similar assessments in the future and any of the jurisdictions where
we have sales may apply more rigorous enforcement efforts or take more aggressive positions in the future that could result in
greater tax liability allegations. In addition, in the future we may also decide to engage in activities, such as owning or leasing
property, that would require us to pay sales and use, commercial activity, VAT or similar taxes in new jurisdictions. As a result, we
may be required to collect such taxes in additional jurisdictions in the future. Such tax assessments, penalties and interest or future
requirements may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
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Our business could suffer if we are unsuccessful in making, integrating and maintaining acquisitions and investments.
As part of our business strategy, we may acquire other companies or businesses. However, we may not be able to find
suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. Acquisitions involve
numerous risks, any of which could harm our business, including: difficulties in integrating the technologies, operations, existing
contracts and personnel of an acquired company; difficulties in supporting and transitioning customers and suppliers, if any, of an
acquired company; diversion of financial and management resources from existing operations or alternative acquisition
opportunities; failure to realize the anticipated benefits or synergies of a transaction; failure to identify all of the problems,
liabilities or other shortcomings or challenges of an acquired company or technology, including issues related to intellectual
property, regulatory compliance practices, revenue recognition or other accounting practices or employee or customer issues; risks
of entering new markets in which we have limited or no experience; potential loss of key employees, customers and suppliers
from either our current business or an acquired company's business; inability to generate sufficient net revenue to offset
acquisition costs; additional costs or equity dilution associated with funding the acquisition; and possible write-offs or impairment
charges relating to acquired businesses.
In addition, our investments in properties may not be fully realized. We continually review our operations and facilities in
an effort to reduce costs and increase efficiencies. For strategic or other operational reasons, we may decide to consolidate or co-
locate certain aspects of our business operations or dispose of one or more of our properties. If we decide to fully or partially
vacate a leased property, we may incur significant cost, including facility closing costs, employee separation and retention
expenses, lease termination fees, rent expense in excess of sublease income and impairment of leasehold improvements and
accelerated depreciation of assets. Any of these events may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and
operating results.
We rely on the performance of members of management and highly skilled personnel, and if we are unable to attract,
develop, motivate and retain well-qualified employees, our business could be harmed.
We believe our success has depended, and continues to depend, on the efforts and talents of Niraj Shah, one of our co-
founders, co-chairman of the board of directors and our Chief Executive Officer, Steven Conine, one our co-founders and co-
chairman of the board of directors, and the other members of our senior management team. Our future success depends on our
continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified and skilled employees, particularly mid-level managers,
engineers and merchandising and technology personnel. The market for such positions in the Boston area and other cities in which
we operate is competitive. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract them. In
addition, the loss of any of our senior management or key employees or our inability to recruit and develop mid-level managers
could materially adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements.
All of our officers and other U.S. employees are at-will employees, meaning that they may terminate their employment
relationship with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry would be extremely difficult to replace. If we
do not succeed in attracting well-qualified employees or retaining and motivating existing employees, our business, financial
condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.
We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property rights.
We regard our subscriber list, trademarks, domain names, copyrights, patents, trade dress, trade secrets, proprietary
technology and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on trademark, copyright and patent law, trade
secret protection, agreements and other methods with our employees and others to protect our proprietary rights. We might not be
able to obtain broad protection in the U.S. or internationally for all of our intellectual property, and we might not be able to obtain
effective intellectual property protection in every country in which we sell products. For example, we are the registrant of marks
for our brands in numerous jurisdictions and of the Internet domain name for the websites of Wayfair.com and our other sites, as
well as various related domain names. However, we have not registered our marks or domain names in all major international
jurisdictions and may not be able to register or use such domain names in all of the countries in which we currently or intend to
conduct business. Further, we might not be able to prevent third parties from registering, using or retaining domain names that
interfere with our consumer communications or infringe or otherwise decrease the value of our marks, domain names and other
proprietary rights.
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The protection of our intellectual property rights may require the expenditure of significant financial, managerial and
operational resources. We may initiate claims or litigation against others for infringement, misappropriation or violation of our
intellectual property rights or proprietary rights or to establish the validity of such rights. Any litigation, whether or not it is
resolved in our favor, could result in significant expense to us and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel,
which may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Moreover, the steps we take to
protect our intellectual property may not adequately protect our rights or prevent third parties from infringing or misappropriating
our proprietary rights, and we may not be able to broadly enforce all of our trademarks. Any of our patents, marks or other
intellectual property rights may be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative process or litigation. Our patent and
trademark applications may never be granted. Additionally, the process of obtaining intellectual property protections is expensive
and time-consuming, and we may not be able to pursue all necessary or desirable actions at a reasonable cost or in a timely
manner. Even if issued, there can be no assurance that these protections will adequately safeguard our intellectual property, as the
legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of patent and other intellectual property rights are
uncertain. We also cannot be certain that others will not independently develop or otherwise acquire equivalent or superior
technology or intellectual property rights. We may also be exposed to claims from third parties claiming infringement of their
intellectual property rights, or demanding the release or license of open source software or derivative works that we developed
using such software (which could include our proprietary code) or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open
source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to purchase a costly license, publicly release the
affected portions of our source code, be limited in or cease using the implicated software unless and until we can re-engineer such
software to avoid infringement or change the use of the implicated open source software.
We have been, and may again be, accused of infringing intellectual property rights of third parties.
The e-commerce industry is characterized by vigorous protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights, which has
resulted in protracted and expensive litigation for many companies. We are subject to claims and litigation by third parties that we
infringe their intellectual property rights, and we expect additional claims and litigation with respect to infringement to occur in
the future. The costs of supporting such litigation and disputes are considerable, and there can be no assurances that favorable
outcomes will be obtained. As our business expands and the number of competitors in our market increases and overlaps occur,
we expect that infringement claims may increase in number and significance. Any claims or proceedings against us, whether
meritorious or not, could be time-consuming, result in considerable litigation costs, require significant amounts of management
time or result in the diversion of significant operational resources, any of which could materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition and operating results.
Legal claims regarding intellectual property rights are subject to inherent uncertainties due to the oftentimes complex issues
involved, and we cannot be certain that we will be successful in defending ourselves against such claims. In addition, some of our
larger competitors have extensive portfolios of issued patents. Many potential litigants, including patent holding companies, have
the ability to dedicate substantially greater resources to enforce their intellectual property rights and to defend claims that may be
brought against them. Furthermore, a successful claimant could secure a judgment that requires us to pay substantial damages or
prevents us from conducting our business as we have historically done or may desire to do in the future. We might also be
required to seek a license and pay royalties for the use of such intellectual property, which may not be available on commercially
acceptable terms, or at all. Alternatively, we may be required to develop non-infringing technology or intellectual property, which
could require significant effort and expense and may ultimately not be successful.
We have received in the past, and we may receive in the future, communications alleging that certain items posted on or
sold through our sites violate third-party copyrights, designs, marks and trade names or other intellectual property rights or other
proprietary rights. Brand and content owners and other proprietary rights owners have actively asserted their purported rights
against online companies, including Wayfair. In addition to litigation from rights owners, we may be subject to regulatory, civil or
criminal proceedings and penalties if governmental authorities believe we have aided and abetted in the sale of counterfeit or
infringing products.
Such claims, whether or not meritorious, may result in the expenditure of significant financial, managerial and operational
resources, injunctions against us or the payment of damages by us. We may need to obtain licenses from third parties who allege
that we have violated their rights, but such licenses may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. These risks have been
amplified by the increase in third parties whose sole or primary business is to assert such claims.
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We may incur indebtedness, which could adversely affect our financial condition.
In February 2017, we entered into a three-year senior secured revolving credit facility under which we may borrow up to
$100 million to fund working capital and general corporate purposes. If we draw down on this facility, our interest expense and
principal repayment requirements will increase, which could have an adverse effect on our financial results. Further, the Credit
Agreement and related agreements governing the senior secured revolving credit facility contain numerous requirements,
including affirmative, negative and financial covenants.
Our business may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow from operations, and we can give no assurance that future
borrowings will be available to us in amounts sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness as such indebtedness matures and to
fund our other liquidity needs. If this occurs, we will need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity,
and there can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms, or at
all. We may need to adopt one or more alternatives, such as reducing or delaying planned expenses and capital expenditures,
selling assets, restructuring debt, or obtaining additional equity or debt financing. These alternative strategies may not be affected
on satisfactory terms, if at all. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness or obtain additional financing, or to do so on
commercially reasonable terms, will depend on, among other things, our financial condition at the time, restrictions in agreements
governing our indebtedness, and other factors, including the condition of the financial markets and the markets in which we
compete.
If we do not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, and additional borrowings, refinancings or proceeds from asset
sales are not available to us, we may not have sufficient cash to enable us to meet all of our obligations.
Risks Related to Ownership of our Class A Common Stock
The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with our co-founders, which
will limit your ability to influence corporate matters.
Our Class B common stock has ten votes per share, and our Class A common stock, which is the stock that is publicly
traded, has one vote per share. Following the IPO, our Class B common stock was held primarily by our co-founders, other
executive officers, directors and their affiliates. Due to optional conversions of Class B common stock into Class A common stock
following the IPO, our Class B common stock is currently held primarily by our co-founders and their affiliates. As of
December 31, 2016, our co-founders and their affiliates own shares representing approximately 41.8% of the economic interest
and 87.6% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. This concentrated control limits your ability to influence
corporate matters for the foreseeable future. For example, these stockholders are able to control elections of directors,
amendments of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws, increases to the number of shares available for issuance under our
equity incentive plans or adoption of new equity incentive plans and approval of any merger or sale of assets for the foreseeable
future. This control may materially adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock. Additionally, holders of our
Class B common stock may cause us to make strategic decisions or pursue acquisitions that could involve risks to you or may not
be aligned with your interests. The holders of our Class B common stock are also entitled to a separate vote in the event we seek
to amend our certificate of incorporation to increase or decrease the par value of a class of our common stock or in a manner that
alters or changes the powers, preferences or special rights of the Class B common stock in a manner that affects its holders
adversely.
Future transfers by holders of Class B common stock will generally result in those shares converting on a 1:1 basis to
Class A common stock, which will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of Class B
common stock who retain their shares in the long-term, which may include our executive officers.
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Our stock price may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance.
The market price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which
are beyond our control, including the risks described elsewhere in this Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K, as well as:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our results of operations;
the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these
projections;
failure of securities analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of our company, changes in financial estimates or
ratings by any securities analysts who follow our company or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations
of investors;
announcements by us or our competitors of significant technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships,
joint ventures, operating results or capital commitments;
changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology or retail companies generally, or
those in our industry in particular;
price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole;
changes in interest rates;
changes in our board of directors or management;
sales of large blocks of our Class A common stock, including sales by our executive officers, directors and
significant stockholders;
lawsuits threatened or filed against us;
changes in laws or regulations applicable to our business;
changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of debt or equity securities;
short sales, hedging and other derivative transactions involving our capital stock;
general economic conditions in the U.S. and abroad; and
other events or factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism or responses to these events.
In addition, stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect
the market prices of equity securities of many technology companies, including e-commerce companies. Stock prices of many
technology companies, including e-commerce companies, have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the
operating performance of those companies. Volatility in our stock price could adversely affect our business and financing
opportunities and expose us to litigation. Securities litigation can subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention
of management from our business and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Short selling could increase the volatility of our stock price.
We believe our Class A common stock has been the subject of significant short selling efforts by certain market participants.
Short sales are transactions in which a market participant sells a security that it does not own. To complete the transaction, the
market participant must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The market participant is then obligated to replace the
security borrowed by purchasing the security at the market price at the time of required replacement. If the price at the time of
replacement is lower than the price at which the security was originally sold by the market participant, then the market participant
will realize a gain on the transaction. Thus, it is in the market participant’s interest for the market price of the underlying security
to decline as much as possible during the period prior to the time of replacement. Short selling may negatively affect the value of
our stock to the detriment of our stockholders.
In addition, market participants with disclosed short positions in our stock have published, and may in the future continue to
publish, negative information regarding us that we believe is inaccurate and misleading. We believe that the publication of this
negative information may in the future lead to downward pressure on the price of our stock.
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Substantial sales of shares of our Class A common stock could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to
decline.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales
might occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the
sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that such sales may have on the prevailing market price of
our Class A common stock.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or publish negative reports about
our business, our share price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry
analysts publish about us or our business, our market and our competitors. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one
or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our shares or change their opinion of our shares, our share price would likely
decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose
visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our share price or trading volume to decline.
Our management has broad discretion over our existing cash resources and might not use such funds in ways that
increase the value of your investment.
Our management generally has broad discretion over the use of our cash resources, and you will be relying on the judgment
of our management regarding the application of these resources. Our management might not apply these resources in ways that
increase the value of your investment.
Although we do not rely on "controlled company" exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements under
the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, rules, if we use these exemptions in the future, you will not have the same
protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.
Our co-founders control a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. As a result, we qualify as a
"controlled company" within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of the NYSE. Under these rules, a listed
company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a "controlled
company" and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including:
•
•
•
•
the requirement that a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors as defined under the listing
rules of the NYSE;
the requirement that we have a nominating and corporate governance committee that is composed entirely of
independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee's purpose and responsibilities;
the requirement that we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a
written charter addressing the committee's purpose and responsibilities; and
the requirement for an annual performance evaluation of the nominating and corporate governance and
compensation committees.
To the extent we still qualify, we may choose to take advantage of any of these exemptions in the future. As a result, in the
future, we may not have a majority of independent directors and we may not have independent director oversight of decisions
regarding executive compensation and director nominations.
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Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of our company
more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of
our Class A common stock.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control
or changes in our management. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws include provisions that:
•
permit the board of directors to establish the number of directors and fill any vacancies and newly created
directorships;
• when the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represent less than 10% of the then outstanding shares of
Class A common stock and Class B common stock, provide that our board of directors will be classified into three
classes with staggered, three year terms and that directors may only be removed for cause;
•
•
require super-majority voting to amend some provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws;
authorize the issuance of "blank check" preferred stock that our board of directors could use to implement a
stockholder rights plan;
•
eliminate the ability of our stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders;
• when the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represent less than 10% of the then outstanding shares of
Class A common stock and Class B common stock, prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which requires
all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;
•
•
•
•
provide that the board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws;
restrict the forum for certain litigation against us to Delaware;
reflect the dual class structure of our common stock, as discussed above; and
establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters
that can be acted upon by stockholders at annual stockholder meetings.
These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management
by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the
members of our management. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of
a broad range of business combinations with any holder of at least 15% of our capital stock for a period of three years following
the date on which the stockholder became a 15% stockholder.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2.
Properties
Our corporate headquarters are in Boston, where we currently occupy approximately 428 thousand square feet of office
space pursuant to a lease that expires in December 2027. We lease additional office space in London and Berlin for our
international operations. We currently lease a total of approximately 5 million additional square feet of fulfillment center space in
various locations in the U.S. and one location in the United Kingdom. We also lease office space in five U.S. locations and one
location in Ireland for our customer service centers.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
For information regarding our legal proceedings, see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Commitments and
Contingencies, included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K,
which is incorporated into this item by reference.
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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
28
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
Certain Information Regarding the Trading of Our Common Stock
Our Class A common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "W". The following
table sets forth for the indicated periods the high and low per share sale prices of our Class A common stock, as reported by the
NYSE.
2015
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
2016
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Sales Price
High
Low
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
34.10
39.43
56.84
50.00
47.68
44.53
49.34
39.79
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
18.12
27.36
31.17
32.56
28.85
34.10
35.82
27.60
Holders of Our Common Stock
As of January 31, 2017, there were 49 holders of record of shares of our Class A common stock and 398 holders of record
of shares of our Class B common stock. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this numbers of record holders, and
includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers, and other financial
institutions.
Dividends
We do not expect to pay any dividends on our Class A common stock or Class B common stock in the foreseeable future.
Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws. Our
board of directors may take into account general and economic conditions, our financial condition and operating results, our
available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, our capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions,
and implications on the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiaries to us and such other factors as our
board of directors may deem relevant.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
Information regarding our equity compensation plans and securities authorized for issuance thereunder is set forth under
Part III, Item 12, Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters, of this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
During the three months ended December 31, 2016, we issued 405,891 shares of Class B common stock upon the vesting of
outstanding restricted stock units, net of shares withheld to satisfy statutory minimum tax withholding obligations. The issuance
of these securities were pursuant to written compensatory plans or arrangements with our employees, consultants, advisors and
directors in reliance on the exemption provided by Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
"Securities Act"), relative to transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering, to the extent an exemption from
registration was required.
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On November 17, 2016, we issued 11,800 shares of our Class A common stock as consideration to the stockholders of a
privately-held company in connection with our acquisition of substantially all of the assets of the company. In connection with the
issuance, we relied upon the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act in that the issuance did
not involve a public offering.
Use of Proceeds from Public Offering of Common Stock
In October 2014, we completed our IPO, pursuant to which we issued and sold 10,500,000 shares of Class A common stock
and the selling stockholders sold 2,150,000 shares of Class A common stock, including 1,650,000 shares of Class A common
stock pursuant to the exercise in full of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares. The shares sold in the IPO were
registered under the Securities Act pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-198171), which was declared
effective on October 1, 2014. The offering commenced on October 2, 2014.
The shares of Class A common stock were sold at an initial offering price to the public of $29.00 per share for an aggregate
offering price of $366.9 million. We did not receive any proceeds from the shares sold by the selling stockholders. We received
net proceeds of $282.9 million after deducting approximately $21.6 million in underwriting discount and expenses. We distributed
$24.5 million of the net proceeds to our stockholders that held Series A preferred stock immediately prior to the completion of the
IPO. Our co-founders and certain of our directors, executive officers and holders of more than 5% of our voting securities held
85% of our outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock and, as a result of their ownership, received 85% of the dividend
payment, or approximately $20.8 million. We also used approximately $22.6 million of the net proceeds to satisfy statutory
minimum tax withholding and remittance obligations primarily related to the vesting of restricted stock units that settled upon the
completion of the IPO.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None
Item 6.
Selected Consolidated Financial Data
You should read the following selected consolidated financial data below in conjunction with Part II, Item 7, Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our consolidated financial statements and the
related notes included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following consolidated statements of operations data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 and
the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are derived from our audited consolidated financial
statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2014
and 2013 and the consolidated statements of operations data for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 is derived
from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following
consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2012 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Wayfair
LLC that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be
expected in the future.
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Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Net revenue
Cost of goods sold (1)
Gross profit
Operating expenses:
Customer service and merchant fees (1)
Advertising
Merchandising, marketing and sales (1)
Operations, technology, general and administrative
(1)
Total operating expenses
Loss from operations
Interest income, net
Other income (expense), net
Loss before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net loss
Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred units
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
(in thousands, except per share data)
$ 3,380,360
$ 2,249,885
$ 1,318,951
$
915,843
$
601,028
2,572,549
1,709,161
1,007,853
807,811
540,724
311,098
127,883
409,125
177,535
289,485
1,004,028
(196,217)
694
1,756
(193,767)
608
(194,375)
—
81,230
278,224
106,149
156,471
622,074
(81,350)
1,284
2,718
(77,348)
95
(77,443)
—
55,804
191,284
80,113
131,681
458,882
(147,784)
350
(489)
(147,923)
175
(148,098)
(2,071)
691,602
224,241
35,500
108,469
33,506
62,785
240,260
(16,019)
245
294
(15,480)
46
(15,526)
(25,388)
(40,914) $
455,879
145,149
25,730
65,504
22,136
53,173
166,543
(21,394)
234
155
(21,005)
50
(21,055)
(12,154)
(33,209)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
$ (194,375) $
(77,443) $ (150,169) $
Net loss attributable to common stockholders per
share, basic and diluted
Weighted average number of common stock
outstanding used in computing per share amounts,
basic and diluted
$
(2.29) $
(0.92) $
(2.97) $
(0.99) $
(0.80)
84,977
83,726
50,642
41,332
41,272
(1)
Includes equity based compensation and related taxes as follows (in thousands):
2016
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2013
2015
Cost of goods sold
Customer service and merchant fees
Merchandising, marketing and sales
Operations, technology, general and administrative
$
474
$
280
$
369
$
— $
2,108
24,308
25,063
1,007
15,436
16,252
2,265
28,514
32,096
—
—
—
$
51,953
$
32,975
$
63,244
$
— $
31
2012
—
—
—
—
—
Table of Contents
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term and long-
term investments
Working capital
Total assets
Deferred revenue
Convertible redeemable preferred units
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)
$
$
$
$
$
$
2016
2015
December 31,
2014
(in thousands)
2013
2012
379,550
$
(80,129) $
$
761,683
465,954
95,297
694,581
65,892
$
50,884
$
$
$
$
415,859
254,276
555,523
26,784
$
$
$
$
115,308
18,118
196,300
13,397
$
$
$
$
100,878
42,031
163,577
12,282
— $
241,186
215,798
$ (191,178) $ (151,130)
$
— $
— $
79,384
$
242,545
$
305,539
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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the
consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion
contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those included in
the Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements and Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K,
our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.
The following discussion includes financial information prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles ("GAAP"), as well as certain adjusted or non-GAAP financial measures such as Adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP diluted
net loss per share and free cash flow. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of financial performance,
financial position or cash flows that excludes (or includes) amounts that are included in (or excluded from) the most directly
comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Management believes the use of these non-GAAP
measures on a consolidated and reportable segment basis assists investors in understanding the ongoing operating performance of
our business by presenting comparable financial results between periods. For more information on these non-GAAP financial
measures, including reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, see "Non-GAAP Financial
Measures" below.
Overview
We are one of the world's largest online destinations for the home. Through our e-commerce business model, we offer
visually inspired browsing, compelling merchandising, easy product discovery and attractive prices for over eight million
products from over 10,000 suppliers.
We believe an increasing portion of the dollars spent on home goods will be spent online and that there is an opportunity
for acquiring more market share. We plan to grow our net revenue by acquiring new customers as well as stimulating repeat
purchases from our existing customers. Through increasing brand awareness and paid and unpaid advertising, we attract new and
repeat customers to our sites. We then seek to convert that visitor traffic to sales through engaging visual imagery and
merchandising, daily sales promotions, and easy-to-use navigation tools and personalization features that enable better product
discovery. We carefully track and monitor the results of our advertising campaigns so that we can ensure that appropriate return
targets are being met.
Because of the large market opportunity we see in front of us, we are currently investing in several areas across our
business. Over the last few years, we have invested in expanding our international business in Canada, the United Kingdom and
Germany by building our international infrastructure, developing deeper country-specific knowledge, growing our international
supplier networks and establishing our brand presence in select countries. Accordingly, our consolidated net loss of $194.4
million in the year ended December 31, 2016 is primarily driven by our international expansion.
Throughout 2016, we also invested in our proprietary logistics network, including our CastleGate warehouses and own
consolidation centers, cross docks and last mile delivery facilities. We believe that our proprietary logistics network will help
drive incremental sales by delighting our customers with faster delivery times and a better home delivery experience. Over time
we believe our proprietary logistics network will also lower our costs per order by reducing damage rates and leveraging
economies of scale in transportation. We are also currently investing in new categories, such as home improvement (e.g.
plumbing, lighting and flooring), housewares, seasonal decor and decorative accents, so that we can add more of those products
to our sites and capture a higher share of our customers' spend on home goods.
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Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2016, we changed our operating and reportable segments from one segment to two
operating and reportable segments, U.S. and International. The following table presents Direct Retail and Other net revenues
attributable to the Company’s reportable segments for the periods presented (in thousands):
U.S. Direct Retail
U.S. Other
U.S. segment net revenue
International Direct Retail
International Other
International segment net revenue (1)
Total net revenue
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
$
2,993,365
$
1,945,411
$
1,036,658
117,132
3,110,497
265,544
4,319
269,863
190,081
2,135,492
94,827
19,566
114,393
199,557
1,236,215
65,028
17,708
82,736
$
3,380,360
$
2,249,885
$
1,318,951
(1) In the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, International segment net revenue included $5.4 million and $10.8
million, respectively, from our Australian business, which we sold in July 2015.
For more information on our segments, see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Segment and Geographic
Information, included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Full Year 2016 Financial Highlights
• Direct Retail net revenue increased $1.2 billion to $3.3 billion, up 59.7% year over year
• Total net revenue increased $1.1 billion to $3.4 billion, up 50.2% year over year
• GAAP net loss was $194.4 million
• Adjusted EBITDA was $(88.7) million or (2.6)% of total net revenue
• Non-GAAP free cash flow was $(65.3) million
The consolidated financial statements and other disclosures contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are those of
Wayfair Inc. Prior to our IPO in October 2014, Wayfair LLC was the principal operating entity. In connection with the IPO,
Wayfair LLC completed a corporate reorganization pursuant to which Wayfair LLC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Wayfair Inc. For additional information regarding our corporate reorganization and how it is accounted for in the consolidated
financial statements and other disclosures contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, see Note 1 to our Consolidated
Financial Statements, Basis of Presentation, included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Key Financial and Operating Metrics
We measure our business using both financial and operating metrics. Our free cash flow metric is measured on a
consolidated basis. Our net revenue and Adjusted EBITDA metrics are measured on a consolidated and segment basis. See Note
11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Segment and Geographic Information, included in Part II, Item 8, Financial
Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. All other key financial and operating metrics are
derived and reported from our Direct Retail sales, which includes sales generated primarily through our five distinct sites. These
metrics do not include net revenue derived from the sites operated by our retail partners. We do not have access to certain
customer level information on net revenue derived through our retail partners and therefore cannot measure or disclose it.
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We use the following metrics to assess the near-term and longer-term performance of our overall business (in thousands,
except LTM Net Revenue per Active Customer and Average Order Value):
Consolidated Financial Metrics
Net Revenue
Adjusted EBITDA
Free cash flow
Direct Retail Financial and Operating Metrics
Direct Retail Net Revenue
Active Customers
LTM Net Revenue per Active Customer
Orders Delivered
Average Order Value
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2016
$
$
$
$
$
$
3,380,360
$
(88,692) $
(65,272) $
2,249,885
$
(15,929) $
$
72,937
1,318,951
(62,537)
(41,860)
3,258,909
8,250
395
14,064
232
$
$
$
2,040,238
5,360
381
9,170
222
$
$
$
1,101,686
3,217
342
5,237
210
To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we have disclosed here and elsewhere in
this Annual Report on Form 10-K Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as loss before depreciation
and amortization, equity-based compensation and related taxes, interest and other income and expense, provision for income
taxes, and non-recurring items. We have provided a reconciliation below of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly
comparable GAAP financial measure.
We have included Adjusted EBITDA in this Annual Report on Form 10-K because it is a key measure used by our
management and board of directors to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic
decisions regarding the allocation of capital. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA
facilitates operating performance comparisons on a period-to-period basis. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA
provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as
our management and board of directors.
Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for
analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:
• Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be
replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such
replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements;
• Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect equity based compensation and related taxes as well as the compensation charge
associated with a tender offer we completed in April 2014;
• Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in our working capital;
• Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect income tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us;
• Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect depreciation and interest expenses associated with the lease financing obligation; and
• Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently, which reduces its
usefulness as a comparative measure.
Because of these limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures,
including various cash flow metrics, net loss and our other GAAP results.
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The following table reflects the reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods indicated (in
thousands):
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA
Net loss
Depreciation and amortization
Equity based compensation and related taxes
Interest (income), net
Other (income) expense, net
Provision for income taxes
Adjusted EBITDA
Free Cash Flow
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2016
$
$
(194,375) $
55,572
51,953
(694)
(1,756)
608
(88,692) $
(77,443) $
32,446
32,975
(1,284)
(2,718)
95
(15,929) $
(148,098)
22,003
63,244
(350)
489
175
(62,537)
To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we have also disclosed here and elsewhere
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K free cash flow, a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as net cash provided by
operating activities less net cash used to purchase property and equipment and site and software development costs. We have
provided a reconciliation below of free cash flow to net cash provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable
GAAP financial measure.
We have included free cash flow in this Annual Report on Form 10-K because it is an important indicator of our business
performance as it measures the amount of cash we generate. Accordingly, we believe that free cash flow provides useful
information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management.
Free cash flow has limitations as an analytical tool because it omits certain components of the cash flow statement and does
not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. Further, other companies, including companies in our
industry, may calculate free cash flow differently. Accordingly, you should not consider free cash flow in isolation or as a
substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Because of these limitations, you should consider free cash flow
alongside other financial performance measures, including net cash provided by operating activities, capital expenditures and our
other GAAP results.
The following table presents a reconciliation of free cash flow to net cash provided by operating activities for each of the
periods indicated (in thousands):
Net cash provided by operating activities
Purchase of property and equipment
Site and software development costs
Free cash flow
Key Operating Metrics (Direct Retail)
Active Customers
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2016
$
$
$
62,814
(96,707)
(31,379)
(65,272) $
135,121
(44,648)
(17,536)
72,937
$
$
4,125
(31,855)
(14,130)
(41,860)
As of the last date of each reported period, we determine our number of active customers by counting the total number of
individual customers who have purchased at least once directly from our sites during the preceding twelve-month period. The
change in active customers in a reported period captures both the inflow of new customers as well as the outflow of existing
customers who have not made a purchase in the last twelve months. We view the number of active customers as a key indicator of
our growth.
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LTM Net Revenue Per Active Customer
We define LTM net revenue per active customer as our total net revenue derived from Direct Retail sales in the last twelve
months divided by our total number of active customers for the same preceding twelve-month period. We view LTM net revenue
per active customer as a key indicator of our customers' purchasing patterns, including their initial and repeat purchase behavior.
Orders Delivered
We define orders delivered as the total Direct Retail orders delivered in any period, inclusive of orders that may eventually
be returned. As we ship a large volume of packages through multiple carriers, actual delivery dates may not always be available,
and as such we estimate delivery dates based on historical data. We recognize net revenue when an order is delivered and
therefore orders delivered, together with average order value, is an indicator of the net revenue we expect to recognize in a given
period. We view orders delivered as a key indicator of our growth.
Average Order Value
We define average order value as total Direct Retail net revenue in a given period divided by the orders delivered in that
period. We view average order value as a key indicator of the mix of products on our sites, the mix of offers and promotions and
the purchasing behavior of our customers.
Factors Affecting our Performance
We believe that our performance and future success depend on a number of factors that present significant opportunities for
us but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors.
Components of Our Results of Operations
Net Revenue
Net revenue consists primarily of sales of product from our sites and through the sites of our online retail partners and
includes related shipping fees. We deduct cash discounts, allowances and estimated returns from gross revenue to determine net
revenue. We recognize product revenue upon delivery to our customers. Net revenue is primarily driven by growth of new and
active customers and the frequency with which customers purchase. The products offered on our sites are fulfilled with product
we ship to our customers directly from our suppliers and, increasingly, from our CastleGate warehouses.
We also generate net revenue through third-party advertisers that pay us based on the number of advertisement related
clicks, actions, or impressions for advertisements placed on our sites. Net revenue earned under these arrangements is included in
net revenue and net revenue through our third-party advertisers is recognized in the period in which the click, action or impression
occurs. This revenue has not been material to date.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold consists of the cost of product sold to customers, shipping and handling costs and shipping supplies and
fulfillment costs. Fulfillment costs include costs incurred in operating and staffing the fulfillment centers, such as costs attributed
to receiving, inspecting, picking, packaging and preparing customer orders for shipment. Cost of goods sold also includes direct
and indirect labor costs, including equity-based compensation, for fulfillment center oversight, including payroll and related
benefit costs. The increase in cost of goods sold is primarily driven by growth in orders delivered, the mix of the product available
for sale on our sites and transportation costs related to delivering orders to our customers.
We earn rebates on our incentive programs with our suppliers. These rebates are earned upon shipment of goods. Amounts
due from suppliers as a result of these rebate programs are included as a receivable and are reflected as a reduction of cost of
goods sold on the consolidated statements of operations. We also perform logistics services for suppliers through our CastleGate
solution, which are earned upon completion of preparing customer orders for shipment and are reflected as a reduction of cost of
goods sold on the consolidated statements of operations.
We expect cost of goods sold expenses to remain relatively stable as a percentage of net revenue but some fluctuations are
expected due to the wide variety of products we sell.
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Table of Contents
Customer Service and Merchant Fees
Customer service and merchant fees consist of labor-related costs, including equity-based compensation, of our employees
involved in customer service activities and merchant processing fees associated with customer payments made by credit cards and
debit cards. Increases in our customer service and merchant fees are driven by the growth in our revenue and are expected to
remain relatively consistent as a percentage of revenue.
Advertising
Advertising consists of direct response performance marketing costs, such as display advertising, paid search advertising,
social media advertising, search engine optimization, comparison shopping engine advertising, television advertising, direct mail,
catalog and print advertising. We expect advertising expense to continue to increase but decrease as a percentage of net revenue
over time due to our increasing base of repeat customers.
Merchandising, Marketing and Sales
Merchandising, marketing and sales expenses include labor-related costs, including equity-based compensation, for our
category managers, buyers, site merchandisers, merchants, marketers and the team who executes our advertising strategy. Sales,
marketing and merchandising expenses are primarily driven by investments to grow and retain our customer base. We expect
merchandising, marketing and sales expenses to continue to increase as we grow our net revenue.
Operations, Technology and General and Administrative
Operations, technology, general and administrative expenses primarily include labor-related costs, including equity-based
compensation, of our operations group that lead our supply chain and logistics, our technology team, building and supporting our
sites, and our corporate general and administrative, which includes human resources, finance and accounting personnel. Also
included are administrative and professional service fees including audit and legal fees, insurance and other corporate expenses,
including depreciation and rent. We anticipate that we will incur additional personnel expenses, professional service fees,
including audit and legal, investor relations, costs of compliance with securities laws and regulations, and higher director and
officer insurance costs related to operating as a public company. We expect operations, technology, general and administrative
expenses will continue to increase as we grow our net revenue and operations.
Interest Income, Net
Interest income, net consists primarily of interest earned on cash, cash equivalents and short-term and long-term
investments held by us and, in 2016, partially offset by interest expense on the lease financing obligation.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net consists primarily of foreign currency gains (losses), and in the year ended December 31, 2015,
a $3.0 million gain related to the sale of our Australian operations.
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Table of Contents
Results of Consolidated Operations (in thousands)
Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Net revenue
Cost of goods sold (1)
Gross profit
Operating expenses:
Customer service and merchant fees (1)
Advertising
Merchandising, marketing and sales (1)
Operations, technology, general and administrative (1)
Total operating expenses
Loss from operations
Interest income, net
Other income (expense), net
Loss before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net loss
Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred units
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
Net loss attributable to common stockholders per share, basic and diluted
Weighted average number of common stock outstanding used in
computing per share amounts, basic and diluted
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2014
2015
(in thousands, except per share data)
$
3,380,360
$
2,249,885
$
1,318,951
2,572,549
807,811
1,709,161
540,724
1,007,853
311,098
127,883
409,125
177,535
289,485
1,004,028
(196,217)
694
1,756
(193,767)
608
(194,375)
—
$
$
(194,375) $
(2.29) $
81,230
278,224
106,149
156,471
622,074
(81,350)
1,284
2,718
(77,348)
95
(77,443)
—
(77,443) $
(0.92) $
55,804
191,284
80,113
131,681
458,882
(147,784)
350
(489)
(147,923)
175
(148,098)
(2,071)
(150,169)
(2.97)
84,977
83,726
50,642
(1)
Includes equity based compensation and related taxes as follows (in thousands):
Cost of goods sold
Customer service and merchant fees
Merchandising, marketing and sales
Operations, technology, general and administrative
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2016
$
$
474
$
280
$
2,108
24,308
25,063
1,007
15,436
16,252
51,953
$
32,975
$
369
2,265
28,514
32,096
63,244
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Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015
Net revenue
Direct Retail
Other
Net revenue
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
% Change
$
$
3,258,909
121,451
3,380,360
$
$
2,040,238
209,647
2,249,885
59.7 %
(42.1)%
50.2 %
In 2016, net revenue increased by $1.1 billion, or 50.2% compared to 2015, primarily as a result of an increase in Direct
Retail net revenue. In 2016, Direct Retail net revenue increased by $1.2 billion, or 59.7% compared to 2015, primarily due to
sales to a larger customer base, as the number of active customers increased 53.9% as of December 31, 2016 compared to
December 31, 2015. Additionally, LTM net revenue per active customer increased 3.7% as of December 31, 2016 compared to
December 31, 2015. The decrease in Other revenue in 2016 compared to 2015 was primarily due to decreased sales through our
retail partners, as we continue to focus more on our Direct Retail business over time.
Cost of goods sold
Cost of goods sold
As a percentage of net revenue
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
% Change
$
2,572,549
$
1,709,161
50.5%
76.1%
76.0%
In 2016, cost of goods sold increased by $863.4 million, or 50.5%, compared to 2015. Of the increase in cost of goods sold,
$690.8 million was due to the increase in products sold to our larger customer base. In addition, shipping and fulfillment costs
increased $172.6 million as a result of the increase in products sold during the period. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net
revenue increased in the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 primarily as a result of
changes in the mix of the products sold.
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Table of Contents
Operating Expenses
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
% Change
Customer service and merchant fees (1)
$
127,883
$
Advertising
Merchandising, marketing and sales (1)
Operations, technology, general and administrative (1)
Total operating expenses
As a percentage of net revenue
Customer service and merchant fees (1)
Advertising
Merchandising, marketing and sales (1)
Operations, technology, general and administrative (1)
409,125
177,535
289,485
$
1,004,028
$
3.8%
12.1%
5.3%
8.5%
29.7%
57.4%
47.0%
67.3%
85.0%
61.4%
81,230
278,224
106,149
156,471
622,074
3.6%
12.4%
4.7%
6.9%
27.6%
(1) Includes equity-based compensation and related taxes as follows:
Customer service and merchant fees
Merchandising, marketing and sales
Operations, technology, general and administrative
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
$
$
$
2,108
24,308
25,063
$
$
$
1,007
15,436
16,252
The following table summarizes operating expenses as a percentage of net revenue, excluding equity-based compensation
and related taxes:
Customer service and merchant fees
Merchandising, marketing and sales
Operations, technology, general and administrative
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
3.7%
4.5%
7.8%
3.6%
4.0%
6.2%
Excluding the impact of equity based compensation and related taxes, customer service costs and merchant processing fees
increased by $45.6 million in 2016 compared to 2015, primarily due to the increase in net revenue during 2016.
Our advertising expenses increased by $130.9 million in 2016 compared to 2015, primarily as a result of an increase in
online and television advertising. Advertising decreased as a percentage of net revenue in 2016 compared to 2015, primarily due
to increased leverage from our growing base of repeat customers, and television advertising expense not increasing at the same
rate as revenue growth in the U.S., partially offset by advertising investments in Europe and Canada.
Excluding the impact of equity based compensation and related taxes, merchandising, marketing and sales expenses
increased by $62.5 million in 2016 compared to 2015, primarily due to an increase in headcount to grow and retain our customer
base.
Excluding the impact of equity based compensation and related taxes, operations, technology, general and administrative
expense increased by $124.2 million in 2016 compared to 2015. As our revenue continues to grow, we have invested in headcount
in both operations and technology to continue to deliver a great experience for our customers. The increase in operations,
technology, general and administrative expense was primarily attributable to personnel costs, rent, information technology, and
depreciation and amortization.
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Comparison of year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
Net revenue
Direct Retail
Other
Net revenue
Year ended December 31,
2015
2014
% Change
$
$
2,040,238
209,647
2,249,885
$
$
1,101,686
217,265
1,318,951
85.2 %
(3.5)%
70.6 %
In 2015, net revenue increased by $930.9 million, or 70.6% compared to 2014 primarily as a result of an increase in Direct
Retail net revenue, partially offset by the 3.5% decrease in Other revenue. In 2015, Direct Retail net revenue increased by $938.6
million, or 85.2% compared to 2014. The increase in Direct Retail net revenue was primarily due to sales to a larger customer
base, as the number of active customers increased 66.6% in 2015 compared to the number of active customers in 2014.
Additionally, LTM net revenue per active customer increased 11.4% in 2015 compared with 2014. The decrease in Other revenue
was primarily due to decreased sales through our retail partners.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold
As a percentage of net revenue
Year ended
December 31,
2015
2014
% Change
$
1,709,161
$
1,007,853
69.6%
76.0%
76.4%
In 2015, costs of goods sold increased by $701.3 million, or 69.6%, compared to 2014. Of the increase in cost of goods
sold, $573.5 million was due to the increase in products sold to a larger customer base. In addition, shipping and fulfillment costs
increased $127.8 million as a result of the increase in products sold during the period. Costs of goods sold as a percentage of net
revenue decreased the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014 as a result of changes in
the mix of the products sold and shipping costs.
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Table of Contents
Operating Expenses
Year Ended
December 31,
2015
2014
% Change
Customer service and merchant fees (1)
$
81,230
$
Advertising
Merchandising, marketing and sales (1)
Operations, technology, general and administrative (1)
Total operating expenses
As a percentage of net revenue
Customer service and merchant fees (1)
Advertising
Merchandising, marketing and sales (1)
Operations, technology, general and administrative (1)
278,224
106,149
156,471
$
622,074
$
3.6%
12.4%
4.7%
6.9%
27.6%
45.6%
45.5%
32.5%
18.8%
35.6%
55,804
191,284
80,113
131,681
458,882
4.2%
14.5%
6.1%
10.0%
34.8%
(1) Includes equity-based compensation and related taxes as follows:
Customer service and merchant fees
Merchandising, marketing and sales
Operations, technology, general and administrative
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
$
$
$
1,007
15,436
16,252
$
$
$
2,265
28,514
32,096
The following table summarizes operating expenses as a percentage of net revenue, excluding equity-based compensation and
related taxes:
Customer service and merchant fees
Merchandising, marketing and sales
Operations, technology, general and administrative
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
3.6%
4.0%
6.2%
4.1%
3.9%
7.6%
Excluding the impact of equity based compensation and related taxes, customer service costs and merchant processing
fees increased by $26.7 million in 2015 compared to 2014, primarily due to the increase in net revenue during 2015.
Our advertising expenses increased by $86.9 million in 2015 compared to 2014, primarily as a result of an increase in
television and online advertising.
Excluding the impact of equity based compensation and related taxes, merchandising, marketing and sales
expenses increased by $39.1 million in 2015 compared to 2014. The increase in merchandising, marketing and sales expenses was
due to an increase in headcount primarily to grow and retain our customer base.
Excluding the impact of equity based compensation and related taxes, operations, technology, general and administrative
expense increased by $40.6 million in 2015 compared to 2014. The increase in operations, technology, general and administrative
expense was primarily attributable to personnel costs, rent, information technology, depreciation and amortization and costs
related to operating as a public company.
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Table of Contents
Unaudited Quarterly Results of Operations and Other Financial and Operations Data
The following tables set forth selected unaudited quarterly results of operations and other financial and operations data for
the eight quarters ended December 31, 2016. The information for each of these quarters has been prepared on the same basis as
the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in the opinion of
management, reflects all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of our
consolidated results of operations for these periods. This data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial
statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Historical results are not necessarily
indicative of the results to be expected in the future.
Consolidated Statements of Operations:
March 31,
2015
June 30,
2015
September 30,
2015
December 31,
2015
March 31,
2016
June 30,
2016
September 30,
2016
December 31,
2016
(in thousands, except per share data)
Three months ended
Net revenue
$
424,371
$
491,752
$
593,972
$
739,790
$
747,348
$
786,928
$
861,525
$
321,536
102,835
370,951
120,801
452,586
141,386
564,088
175,702
568,292
179,056
598,414
188,514
659,864
201,661
33,872
101,333
984,559
745,979
238,580
36,597
115,689
15,978
57,999
18,330
61,539
23,234
23,814
32,870
130,081
(27,246)
264
(108)
36,591
140,274
(19,473)
308
(96)
21,109
70,711
27,083
41,120
160,023
(18,637)
325
2,746
25,813
87,975
27,350
97,677
30,064
94,426
32,018
37,856
43,273
48,550
47,856
45,890
191,696
58,282
221,165
(15,994)
(42,109)
387
176
552
669
69,481
237,244
(48,730)
531
246
79,526
263,281
(61,620)
(292)
889
82,196
282,338
(43,758)
(97)
(48)
Cost of goods sold (1)
Gross profit
Operating expenses:
Customer service and
merchant fees (1)
Advertising
Merchandising, marketing
and sales (1)
Operations, technology,
general and administrative
(1)
Total operating expenses
Loss from operations
Interest income (expense),
net
Other (expense) income, net
Loss before income taxes
(27,090)
(19,261)
(15,566)
(15,431)
(40,888)
(47,953)
(61,023)
(43,903)
Provision for (benefit from)
income taxes
Net loss
Net loss attributable to common
stockholders per share, basic
and diluted
Weighted average number of
common stock outstanding
used in computing per share
amounts, basic and diluted
$
$
46
73
(88)
64
317
321
(83)
53
(27,136)
$
(19,334)
$
(15,478)
$
(15,495)
$
(41,205)
$
(48,274)
$
(60,940)
$
(43,956)
(0.33)
$
(0.23)
$
(0.18)
$
(0.18)
$
(0.49)
$
(0.57)
$
(0.72)
$
(0.51)
83,210
83,603
83,886
84,191
84,445
84,786
85,105
85,567
(1)
Includes equity based compensation and related taxes as follows:
Cost of goods sold
$
71
$
79
$
96
$
34
$
58
$
87
$
212
$
Customer service and merchant
fees
Merchandising, marketing and
sales
Operations, technology, general
and administrative
219
3,866
4,006
288
3,204
3,530
236
3,414
4,239
264
4,952
4,477
333
5,101
5,170
528
5,221
5,459
627
6,588
7,881
$
8,162
$
7,101
$
7,985
$
9,727
$
10,662
$
11,295
$
15,308
$
117
620
7,398
6,553
14,688
44
Table of Contents
Quarterly Financial Metrics
The following tables set forth selected financial quarterly metrics and other financial and operations data for the eight
quarters ended December 31, 2016. The information for each of these quarters should be read in conjunction with our
consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in the Annual Report on Form 10-K. Historical results are
not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future.
March 31,
2015
June 30,
2015
September 30,
2015
December 31,
2015
March 31,
2016
June 30,
2016
September 30,
2016
December 31,
2016
(in thousands, except Average Order Value and LTM Net Revenue Per Active Customer)
Three months ended
Consolidated Financial
Metrics
Net Revenue
Adjusted EBITDA
Free Cash Flow
Segment Financial Metrics
U.S. Direct Retail Net
Revenue
U.S. Other Net Revenue
U.S. Adjusted EBITDA
International Direct Retail
Net Revenue
International Other Net
Revenue
International Adjusted
EBITDA
Direct Retail Financial and
Operating Metrics
Direct Retail Net Revenue
Active Customers
LTM Net Revenue Per Active
Customer
Orders Delivered
Average Order Value
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
424,371
(12,340)
(51,368)
351,313
49,267
(3,947)
18,082
5,709
(8,393)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
491,752
(4,972)
10,989
418,288
46,379
7,080
22,009
5,076
(12,052)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
593,972
(1,445)
35,332
521,848
44,379
9,925
23,123
4,622
(11,370)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
739,790
2,828
77,984
653,962
50,056
17,927
31,613
4,159
(15,099)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
747,348
(20,960)
(80,582)
672,700
33,221
(1,039)
39,146
2,281
(19,921)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
786,928
(24,857)
(19,418)
702,408
30,265
(2,920)
53,249
1,006
(21,937)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
861,525
(30,849)
(13,968)
759,674
28,127
(7,857)
72,724
1,000
(22,992)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
984,559
(12,026)
48,696
858,583
25,519
11,992
100,425
32
(24,018)
369,395
$
440,297
$
544,971
$
685,575
$
711,846
$
755,657
$
832,398
$
959,008
3,597
346
1,797
206
$
$
4,044
357
1,959
225
$
$
4,591
371
2,323
235
$
$
5,360
381
3,091
222
$
$
6,074
392
2,996
238
$
$
6,672
404
2,930
258
$
$
7,362
406
3,417
244
$
$
8,250
395
4,722
203
45
Table of Contents
The following table reflects the reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods indicated (in
thousands):
Three months ended
Net loss
$
(27,136)
$
(19,334)
$
(15,478)
$
(15,495)
$
(41,205)
$
(48,274)
$
(60,940)
$
(43,956)
March 31,
2015
June 30,
2015
September 30,
2015
December 31,
2015
March 31,
2016
June 30,
2016
September 30,
2016
December 31,
2016
Depreciation and
amortization
Equity based compensation
and related taxes
Interest (income) expense,
net
Other expense (income),
net
Provision for (benefit from)
income taxes
6,744
8,162
7,400
7,101
(264)
(308)
108
46
96
73
9,207
7,985
(325)
(2,746)
(88)
9,095
9,727
(387)
(176)
64
10,487
12,578
10,662
11,295
(552)
(669)
317
(531)
(246)
321
15,463
15,308
292
(889)
(83)
17,044
14,688
97
48
53
Adjusted EBITDA
$
(12,340)
$
(4,972)
$
(1,445)
$
2,828
$
(20,960)
$
(24,857)
$
(30,849)
$
(12,026)
The following table presents a reconciliation of free cash flow to net cash provided by operating activities for each of the
periods indicated (in thousands):
March 31,
2015
June 30,
2015
September 30,
2015
December 31,
2015
March 31,
2016
June 30,
2016
September 30,
2016
December 31,
2016
Three months ended
$
(35,202)
$
28,453
$
51,504
$
90,366
$
(51,204)
$
24,903
$
15,621
$
73,494
(12,051)
(13,153)
(11,491)
(7,953)
(23,927)
(37,509)
(20,408)
(14,863)
Net cash provided by operating
activities, net of acquisition
Purchase of property,
equipment, and leasehold
improvements
Site and software development
costs
(9,935)
48,696
(4,115)
(4,311)
(4,681)
(4,429)
(5,451)
(6,812)
(9,181)
Free cash flow
$
(51,368)
$
10,989
$
35,332
$
77,984
$
(80,582)
$
(19,418)
$
(13,968)
$
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Table of Contents
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term investments
Accounts receivable, net
Long-term investments
Working capital
Historical Cash Flows
Net loss
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
December 31,
2016
2015
(in thousands)
$
$
$
$
$
279,840
68,743
19,113
$
$
$
30,967
$
(80,129) $
334,176
51,895
9,906
79,883
95,297
2016
Year Ended December 31,
2015
(in thousands)
2014
$
$
$
$
(194,375) $
$
62,814
(95,880) $
(20,883) $
(77,443)
135,121
(137,728)
(18,616)
$
$
$
$
(148,098)
4,125
(55,435)
341,150
Since our inception, we have financed our operations, capital expenditures and acquisitions primarily through cash flows
generated by operations and, since 2011, also through private sales of convertible redeemable preferred stock and sales of
common stock in connection with our IPO. Since inception through December 31, 2016, we have raised a total of approximately
$646.0 million from the sale of preferred stock and common stock, net of costs and expenses associated with such financings, or
approximately $453.8 million, net of repurchases of our securities and dividends paid to Series A redeemable convertible
preferred stockholders.
On October 7, 2014, we completed our IPO of 12,650,000 shares of our Class A common stock at a public offering price of
$29.00 per share, of which 10,500,000 shares were sold by us and 2,150,000 shares were sold by selling stockholders, including
1,650,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, resulting in net proceeds to us of
approximately $282.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. We did not receive any proceeds
from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders. We used these proceeds to distribute $24.5 million of cash to our Series A
redeemable convertible preferred stockholders and pay $22.6 million in minimum tax withholding obligations on the vesting of
our restricted stock units upon the closing of our initial public offering.
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and investments, together with cash generated from operations, will
be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the foreseeable future. However, our liquidity assumptions may prove
to be incorrect, and we could exhaust our available financial resources sooner than we currently expect. In addition, we may elect
to raise additional funds at any time through equity, equity linked or debt financing arrangements. Capital expenditures were 3.8%
of net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016, and related primarily to putting a new data center online, our ongoing
investments in our technology infrastructure, and equipment purchases and improvements for leased warehouses within our
expanding supply chain network. We expect capital expenditures to be approximately 4.0 - 5.0% of net revenue for the first half
of 2017, as we continue to build out our technology infrastructure and logistics network, including our CastleGate warehouses. In
the second half of 2017, we expect capital expenditures to be lower than the first half of 2017 as a percentage of net revenue, with
the full year capital expenditures expected to be approximately 3.0% of net revenue. Our future capital requirements and the
adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those described herein and in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors.
We may not be able to secure additional financing to meet our operating requirements on acceptable terms, or at all.
47
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Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities consisted of net loss adjusted for certain non-cash items including depreciation and
amortization, equity-based compensation, and certain other non-cash expenses, as well as the effect of changes in working capital
and other activities.
Cash provided by operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2016 was $62.8 million and was driven primarily by
cash provided by operating assets and liabilities of $151.9 million, certain non-cash items including depreciation and amortization
expense of $55.6 million, equity based compensation of $49.4 million, and other non-cash items of $0.3 million, partially offset
by net loss of $194.4 million. Operating cash flows can be volatile and are sensitive to many factors, including changes in
working capital and our net loss.
Cash provided by operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2015 was $135.1 million and was driven primarily by
cash provided by operating assets and liabilities of $149.1 million, certain non-cash items including depreciation and amortization
expense of $32.4 million, equity based compensation of $31.0 million, and other non-cash items of $3.0 million, partially offset
by net loss of $77.4 million and gain on sale of our Australian business of $3.0 million. Operating cash flows can be volatile and
are sensitive to many factors, including changes in working capital and our net loss.
Cash provided by operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2014 was $4.1 million and was driven primarily by
net loss of $148.1 million, adjusted for certain non-cash items including depreciation and amortization expense of $22.0 million,
equity based compensation of $60.8 million and other non-cash items of $0.6 million and cash provided by operating assets and
liabilities of $68.8 million. Operating cash flows can be volatile and are sensitive to many factors, including changes in working
capital and our net loss.
Investing Activities
Our primary investing activities consisted of purchases of property and equipment, particularly purchases of servers and
networking equipment, investment in our sites and software development, purchases and disposal of short-term and long-term
investments, and leasehold improvements for our facilities.
Cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2016 was $95.9 million and was primarily driven by
purchases of property and equipment of $96.7 million, purchases of short-term and long-term investments of $88.1 million, site
and software development costs of $31.4 million, and other net investing activities of $1.0 million, partially offset by sale and
maturities of short-term investments of $119.8 million and cash received from the sale of a business (net of cash sold) of $1.5
million.
Cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2015 was $137.7 million and was primarily driven by
purchases of short-term and long-term investments of $207.3 million, property and equipment of purchases of property and
equipment of $44.6 million, site and software development costs of $17.5 million, other net investing activities of $4.8 million,
partially offset by sale and maturities of short-term investments of $133.6 million and cash received from the sale of a business
(net of cash sold) of $2.9 million.
Cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2014 was $55.4 million and was primarily driven by net
purchases of short-term investments of $10.0 million, purchases of property and equipment of $31.9 million, site and software
development costs of $14.1 million partially offset by net decrease in restricted cash of $0.5 million.
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Financing Activities
Cash used in financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2016 was $20.9 million and was primarily due to statutory
minimum taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards of $21.1 million, partially offset by net proceeds from
exercise of stock options of $0.2 million. During 2016, we began requiring employees to sell a portion of the shares that they
receive upon the vesting of RSUs in order to cover any required withholding taxes, rather than our policy of allowing employees
to forfeit shares to us to settle the withholding taxes. This requirement will continue to be phased in over the course of 2017,
which we expect will materially reduce cash used in financing activities related to taxes paid for net share settlement of equity
awards in future periods.
Cash used in financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2015 was $18.6 million and was primarily due to statutory
minimum taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards of $19.1 million, partially offset by net proceeds from
exercise of stock options of $0.5 million.
Cash provided by financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2014 was $341.2 million and was primarily due to net
proceeds from the IPO of $282.9 million, issuance of Series B convertible redeemable preferred units of $154.8 million partially
offset by the dividend distribution to our Series A preferred unit holders of $39.5 million, the repurchase of our securities and our
2014 tender offer of $29.0 million and statutory minimum taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards of
$28.0 million.
Credit Agreement
For information regarding our credit agreement, see Part II, Item 9B, Other Information as well as Note 13, Credit
Agreement, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, Consolidated Financial Statements,
of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not engage in any off-balance sheet activities. We do not have any off-balance sheet interest in variable interest
entities, which include special purpose entities and other structured finance entities.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2016:
Payment Due by Period
Less than
1 year
1 - 3
Years
3 - 5
Years
More than
5 Years
Total
Lease Obligations
$
47,721
$
114,186
$
112,586
$
294,165
$
568,658
We lease office space under non-cancelable leases. These leases expire at various dates through 2027 and include
discounted rental periods and fixed escalation clauses, which are amortized straight-line over the terms of the lease. We recognize
rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease periods. For information regarding our lease obligations, see Note
7, Commitments and Contingencies, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in
Part II, Item 8, Consolidated Financial Statements, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The
preparation of our financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that
affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, net revenue, costs and expenses and related disclosures. We believe that the
estimates, assumptions and judgments involved in the accounting policies described below have the greatest potential impact on
our financial statements and, therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. Accordingly, we evaluate our
estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions
and conditions. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
included in Part II, Item 8, Consolidated Financial Statements, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information about these
critical accounting policies, as well as a description of our other significant accounting policies.
49
Table of Contents
Revenue Recognition
We generate net revenue through product sales generated primarily through our five distinct sites and through sites operated
by third parties.
We recognize revenue for product sales generated through our five distinct sites and through sites operated by third parties
only when the following four criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred; (3) the
selling price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. We recognize net revenue from sales of our
products upon delivery to the customer. As we ship a large volume of packages through multiple carriers, actual delivery dates
may not always be available and as such we estimate delivery dates based on historical data. We record product revenue at the
gross amount as we are the primary obligor with the customer and provide the primary customer service for all products sold,
have latitude in establishing price and selecting products sold, have discretion in selecting suppliers of products sold, maintain
inventory risk from shipment through delivery date and upon accepting returns, and have credit risk. Net revenue includes
shipping costs charged to the customer and are recorded net of taxes collected from customers, which are remitted to
governmental authorities. Cash discounts, returns and rebates are deducted from gross revenue in determining net revenue. In
addition, we defer revenue when cash is collected from our customer prior to the satisfaction of the revenue recognition criteria.
We maintain a membership rewards program for purchases made with our private label credit card, a Wayfair-branded credit
card that can only be used at our five U.S. sites. Enrolled customers earn points that may be redeemed for future purchases. We
defer a portion of our revenue associated with rewards that are ultimately expected to be redeemed.
We also earn revenue through third-party advertisers that pay based on the number of advertisement related clicks, actions,
or impressions for ads placed on our sites. Revenue earned under these arrangements is included in net revenue and is recognized
in the period in which the click, action, or impression occurs.
Site and Software Development Costs
We capitalize certain external costs and internal labor-related costs, including equity based compensation, associated with
the development of our sites and internal-use software products after the preliminary project stage is complete and until the
software is ready for its intended use. Costs incurred after the software is ready for use are charged to operating expenses as
incurred. Abandoned projects previously capitalized are charged to operating expenses in the period of abandonment. The
Company expenses costs to manage, monitor, and operate the Company's sites, except upgrade and enhancements that provide
additional functionality, which are capitalized. Capitalized software costs are included in "Property and equipment, net" in our
consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over a two-year period.
Leases
We generally lease office and warehouse facilities under non-cancelable, operating lease agreements. We establish assets
and liabilities for the estimated construction costs incurred under certain lease arrangements where we are considered the owner
for accounting purposes only, or build-to-suit leases, to the extent we are involved in the construction of structural improvements
or take construction risk prior to commencement of a lease. Upon occupancy of facilities under build-to-suit leases, we assess
whether these arrangements qualify for sales recognition under the sale-leaseback accounting guidance. If we continue to be the
deemed owner, the facilities are accounted for as financing leases.
If we do not meet the sale-leaseback criteria for derecognition of the building asset and liability, the financing obligation
and corresponding building asset are recorded in "Lease financing obligation" and "Property and equipment, net", respectively,
within our consolidated balance sheets. The monthly rent payments made to the lessor under the lease agreement are recorded in
our financial statements as land lease expense and principal and interest on the financing obligation. Interest expense on the lease
financing obligation reflects the portion of the Company's monthly lease payments that is allocated to interest expense and is
recorded in Interest income, net in our consolidated statements of operations. The building asset is depreciated over its useful life
during the lease period.
50
Table of Contents
Stock-Based Compensation
We account for equity-based compensation awards in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC")
Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"). ASC 718 requires all equity-based payments to employees, to be
recognized as expense in the statements of operations based on their grant date fair values. The Company has granted stock
options, restricted shares and restricted stock units. Since April 2011, the Company has only granted restricted stock units and has
not granted any stock options or restricted stock. Restricted stock unit values are determined based on the quoted market price of
our Class A common stock on the date of grant. The Company accounts for equity awards to non-employees in accordance with
Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC Topic 505-50, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees, which requires
the fair value of an award to non-employees be remeasured at fair value as the award vests.
Inventory
Inventories consisting of finished goods are stated at the lower of cost or market, determined by the first-in, first-out (FIFO)
method, and consist of merchandise for resale. This valuation requires us to make judgments based on currently-available
information about the likely method of disposition, such as through sales to individual customers, liquidations, and expected
recoverable values of each disposition category.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For information about recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, included
in Part II, Item 8, Consolidated Financial Statements, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
We have operations both within the U.S. and internationally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of
our business, including the effects of foreign currency fluctuations, interest rate changes and inflation. Information relating to
quantitative and qualitative disclosures about these market risks is set forth below.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments were held primarily in cash deposits, certificates of
deposit, money market funds, and corporate debt. The fair value of our cash, cash equivalents and short-term and long-term
investments would not be significantly affected by either an increase or decrease in interest rates due mainly to the short-term
nature of these instruments. Interest on the revolving line of credit incurred pursuant to the credit agreement described herein
would accrue at a floating rate based on a formula tied to certain market rates at the time of incurrence; however, we do not expect
that any change in prevailing interest rates will have a material impact on our results of operations.
Foreign Currency Risk
Most of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore, our revenue is not currently subject to significant foreign
currency risk. Our operating expenses are denominated in the currencies of the countries in which our operations are located or in
which net revenue is generated, and may be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly
changes in the British Pound, Euro, and Canadian Dollar. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause us to
recognize transaction gains and losses in our statement of operations. To date, foreign currency transaction gains and losses have
not been material to our financial statements, and we have not engaged in any foreign currency hedging transactions.
Inflation
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We
continue to monitor the impact of inflation in order to minimize its effects through pricing strategies, productivity improvements
and cost reductions. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset
such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results
of operations.
51
Table of Contents
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Audited consolidated financial statements of Wayfair Inc.:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
52
Table of Contents
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Wayfair Inc.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Wayfair Inc. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the
related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial
position of Wayfair Inc. at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each
of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States),
Wayfair Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-
Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and
our report dated February 28, 2017, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
February 28, 2017
53
Table of Contents
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term investments
WAYFAIR INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $3,115 and $2,767 at December 31, 2016 and
December 31, 2015, respectively
Inventories
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Total current assets
Property and equipment, net
Goodwill and intangible assets, net
Long-term investments
Other noncurrent assets
Total assets
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses
Deferred revenue
Other current liabilities
Total current liabilities
Lease financing obligation
Other liabilities
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share: 10,000,000 shares authorized and
none issued at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015
Stockholders’ equity:
Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized,
49,945,202 and 45,814,237 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016 and
December 31, 2015, respectively
Class B common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 164,000,000 shares authorized,
35,885,692 and 38,496,562 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016 and
December 31, 2015, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated deficit
Accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss)
Total stockholders' equity
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
December 31,
2016
2015
$
279,840
$
68,743
19,113
18,550
90,845
477,091
239,354
4,230
30,967
10,041
334,176
51,895
9,906
19,900
76,446
492,323
112,325
3,702
79,883
6,348
$
$
761,683
$
694,581
379,493
$
270,913
67,807
65,892
44,028
557,220
28,900
96,179
682,299
—
50
36
51,560
50,884
23,669
397,026
—
55,010
452,036
—
46
38
409,225
(329,940)
13
79,384
$
761,683
$
378,162
(135,565)
(136)
242,545
694,581
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
54
Table of Contents
WAYFAIR INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
Net revenue
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Operating expenses:
Customer service and merchant fees
Advertising
Merchandising, marketing and sales
Operations, technology, general and administrative
Total operating expenses
Loss from operations
Interest income, net
Other income (expense), net
Loss before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net loss
Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred units
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
Net loss attributable to common stockholders per share, basic and diluted
Weighted average number of common stock outstanding used in
computing per share amounts, basic and diluted
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2016
$
3,380,360
$
2,249,885
$
1,318,951
2,572,549
807,811
1,709,161
540,724
1,007,853
311,098
127,883
409,125
177,535
289,485
1,004,028
(196,217)
694
1,756
(193,767)
608
(194,375)
—
$
$
(194,375) $
(2.29) $
81,230
278,224
106,149
156,471
622,074
(81,350)
1,284
2,718
(77,348)
95
(77,443)
—
(77,443) $
(0.92) $
55,804
191,284
80,113
131,681
458,882
(147,784)
350
(489)
(147,923)
175
(148,098)
(2,071)
(150,169)
(2.97)
84,977
83,726
50,642
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
55
Table of Contents
Net loss
Other comprehensive loss:
WAYFAIR INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2016
$
(194,375) $
(77,443) $
(148,098)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments
Comprehensive loss
(102)
251
(194,226) $
$
532
(302)
(77,213) $
(38)
—
(148,136)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
56
WAYFAIR INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2013
Net loss
Cumulative translation adjustment
Issuance of Series B convertible redeemable preferred units, net
of issuance costs
Accretion of convertible redeemable preferred units
Reduction of carrying value of convertible redeemable preferred
stock
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred stock to common
stock
Conversion from LLC to Corporation
Issuance of Class A common stock—net of issuance costs
Forfeiture of unvested units
Repurchase of vested common units
Dividends paid to Series A convertible redeemable preferred
unitholders
Exercise of options to purchase common stock
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs
Shares withheld related to net settlement of RSUs
Repurchase of common units
Return of equity held in escrow as part of acquisition
Equity compensation expense
Balance at December 31, 2014
Net loss
Other comprehensive income
Exercise of options to purchase common stock
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs
Shares withheld related to net settlement of RSUs
Equity compensation expense
Balance at December 31, 2015
Net loss
Other comprehensive income
Exercise of options to purchase common stock
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs
Shares withheld related to net settlement of RSUs
Equity compensation expense
Acquisition of a business
Balance at December 31, 2016
Series A
Convertible
Redeemable
Preferred
Units
Series A
Convertible
Redeemable
Members'
Equity
Series B
Convertible
Redeemable
Preferred
Units
Series B
Convertible
Redeemable
Members'
Equity
21,552
$
241,186
— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
14,417
(14,801)
—
—
5,995
—
—
—
—
—
154,774
2,455
—
(21,552)
(201,286)
(5,995)
(157,229)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— $
—
—
—
—
(39,516)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Class A and Class B
Common Stock
Common
Units
Shares
Amount
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Accumulated
Deficit
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
Stockholders'
(Deficit) Equity
44,904
— $
— $
— $
(190,850)
$
(328)
$
—
—
—
—
—
—
(44,904)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
27,547
44,904
10,500
(104)
(203)
—
157
2,199
(918)
(896)
(4)
—
83,182
—
—
164
1,515
(550)
—
84,311
—
—
70
1,963
(525)
—
12
85,831
$
—
—
—
—
—
28
44
10
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
—
—
—
358,487
(306,229)
282,883
—
—
—
12
—
(1)
(27,985)
—
—
56,776
363,944
—
—
495
—
(19,111)
32,834
378,162
—
—
208
—
(21,091)
51,494
452
—
—
—
83
—
—
—
1
—
—
84
—
—
1
2
(1)
—
—
86
(148,098)
—
—
(16,872)
14,801
—
306,185
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(23,500)
(49)
261
(58,122)
(77,443)
—
—
—
—
—
(135,565)
(194,375)
—
—
—
—
—
—
$
409,225
$
(329,940)
$
—
(38)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(366)
—
230
—
—
—
—
(136)
—
149
—
—
—
—
—
13
$
(191,178)
(148,098)
(38)
—
(16,872)
14,801
358,515
—
282,893
—
—
—
12
2
(27,986)
(23,500)
(49)
57,037
305,539
(77,443)
230
495
1
(19,111)
32,834
242,545
(194,375)
149
209
2
(21,092)
51,494
452
79,384
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
57
Table of Contents
WAYFAIR INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization
Equity based compensation
Gain on sale of a business
Other non-cash adjustments
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
Inventories
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Deferred revenue and other liabilities
Other assets
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of short-term and long-term investments
Sale and maturities of short-term investments
Purchase of property and equipment
Site and software development costs
Cash received from the sale of a business (net of cash sold)
Other investing activities, net
Net cash used in investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options
Net proceeds from issuance of Series B convertible redeemable preferred units
Repurchase of common units
Dividends paid to Series A convertible redeemable preferred holders
Repurchase of employee equity
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of fees
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
Beginning of year
End of year
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and in
other liabilities
Construction costs capitalized under finance lease obligation and other leases
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities
Accretion of preferred unit dividends
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
$
(194,375) $
(77,443) $
(148,098)
55,572
49,402
—
331
(9,217)
1,351
(16,179)
126,013
51,914
(1,998)
62,814
(88,112)
119,810
(96,707)
(31,379)
1,508
(1,000)
(95,880)
(21,092)
209
—
—
—
—
—
(20,883)
(387)
(54,336)
32,446
31,015
(2,997)
3,027
(4,033)
(131)
(29,513)
135,855
47,031
(136)
135,121
(207,303)
133,596
(44,648)
(17,536)
2,860
(4,697)
(137,728)
(19,111)
495
—
—
—
—
—
(18,616)
(460)
(21,683)
$
$
$
$
334,176
279,840
$
355,859
334,176
$
1,336
53,894
$
$
5,258
27,295
$
$
— $
— $
22,003
60,809
—
570
1,741
(4,835)
(20,143)
59,521
32,616
(59)
4,125
(135,000)
125,019
(31,855)
(14,130)
—
531
(55,435)
(27,985)
12
154,774
(23,500)
(39,516)
(5,528)
282,893
341,150
730
290,570
65,289
355,859
7,567
3,960
2,071
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
58
Table of Contents
1. Basis of Presentation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Wayfair Inc. (the "Company") is one of the world's largest online destinations for the home. Through it's e-commerce
business model, the Company offers visually inspired browsing, compelling merchandising, easy product discovery and attractive
prices for over eight million products from over 10,000 suppliers.
The consolidated financial statements and other disclosures contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are those of the
Company. The Company was incorporated as a Delaware corporation on August 8, 2014. Prior to the effectiveness of
Wayfair Inc.'s registration statement on Form S-1 related to its initial public offering ("IPO") in October 2014, Wayfair LLC was
the principal operating entity. In connection with the IPO of the Company, Wayfair LLC completed a corporate reorganization
pursuant to which Wayfair LLC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and the holders of equity interests in
Wayfair LLC became stockholders of the Company. The Company accounted for this corporate reorganization in accordance with
the guidance provided for entities under common ownership because the holders of the equity interests in Wayfair LLC held the
same ownership interests in Wayfair Inc. as they did in Wayfair LLC immediately prior to the corporate reorganization. SK
Retail, Inc. was the only holder of equity interest in Wayfair LLC with operations. Accordingly, the historical financial statements
of SK Retail, Inc. have been combined with the historical financial statements of Wayfair LLC for the periods presented. In
addition, all of the outstanding common units of Wayfair LLC were exchanged for, and all of the incentive units converted into,
shares of Class B common stock. In addition, all of the outstanding preferred units were exchanged for shares of Series A and
Series B convertible preferred stock. Immediately prior to the completion of the IPO, all of the outstanding shares of Series A and
Series B convertible preferred stock converted into shares of Class B common stock. In connection with this the Company also
reclassified members' deficit of $306.2 million, accumulated under Wayfair LLC, to additional paid in capital.
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation, including combining
"Amortization of acquired intangible assets" into "Operations, technology, general and administrative" on the consolidated
statements of operations and modifying the segment financial information in Note 11, Segment and Geographic Information, to
breakout the Company's reportable segments into U.S. and International.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Wayfair Inc. include its wholly owned subsidiaries including the
accounts of Wayfair LLC and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively the "Company" or "Wayfair"). All intercompany
accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Below is a summary of the wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company with
operations:
Subsidiary
Wayfair LLC
Wayfair Securities Corporation
SK Retail, Inc.
CastleGate Logistics Inc.
Wayfair Maine LLC
Wayfair Stores Limited
Wayfair (UK) Limited
Wayfair GmbH
Wayfair (BVI) Ltd.
Use of Estimates
Location
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
Republic of Ireland
United Kingdom
Germany
British Virgin Islands
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("GAAP")
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure
of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses
during the reported period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates and judgments, including those related to
revenue recognition, capitalization of site and software development costs, stock-based compensation, and inventory. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
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Table of Contents
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity (at the date of purchase) of three
months or less to be the equivalent of cash for the purpose of consolidated balance sheets and statements of cash flows
presentation. Cash equivalents, which consist primarily of money market accounts, are carried at cost, which approximates market
value.
Restricted Cash
As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, there was $5.0 million, of cash that was restricted from withdrawal and held by banks
to guarantee the Company's letters of credit issued principally for certain vendor arrangements.
Short-Term Investments
Short-term investments consist of certificates of deposits and marketable securities with original maturities of greater than
three months and mature in less than twelve months.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances. The Company
estimates the allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical losses, existing economic conditions, and other information
available at the consolidated balance sheets dates. Uncollectible amounts are written off against the allowance after all collection
efforts have been exhausted.
Marketable Securities
The Company classifies its marketable securities as "available-for-sale" securities. Available-for-sale securities are classified as
short term investments and long-term investments on the consolidated balance sheets and are carried at fair value. Unrealized
gains and losses on available-for-sale securities that are considered temporary are recorded, net of taxes, in the "Accumulated
other comprehensive loss" caption of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized losses, excluding losses related to
the credit rating of the security (credit losses), on available-for-sale securities that are considered other-than-temporary but relate
to securities that the Company (i) does not intend to sell and (ii) will not be required to sell below cost are also recorded, net of
taxes, in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss." Further, the Company does not believe it will be required to sell such
securities below cost. Therefore, the only other-than-temporary losses the Company records in "Other income, net" in its
consolidated statements of operations are related to credit losses. As of December 31, 2016, the Company’s available-for-sale
securities consisted of investment securities. The maturities of the Company’s long-term marketable securities generally range
from one to three years. As of December 31, 2016, the Company’s available-for-sale securities primarily consisted of corporate
bonds and other government obligations that are priced at fair value. The cost basis of a marketable security sold is determined by
the Company using the specific identification method.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company's financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be
received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement
date (exit price). The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
• Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
• Level 2—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for
identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are
observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full-term of the asset or liability
• Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value
of the asset or liability
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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of
unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The Company measures its cash equivalents and short-term and long-term
investments at fair value. The Company classifies its cash equivalents and restricted cash within Level 1 because the Company
values these investments using quoted market prices. The fair value of the Company's Level 1 financial assets is based on quoted
market prices of the identical underlying security. The Company classifies short-term and long-term investments within Level 2
because unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets are not active. The Company does not have any assets
or liabilities classified as Level 3 financial assets. Refer to Note 3, Fair Value Measurements, for additional detail.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term
investments, and accounts receivable. The risk with respect to cash and cash equivalents and short-term and long-term
investments is minimized by the Company's policy of investing in financial instruments (i.e., cash equivalents) with near-term
maturities issued by highly rated financial institutions. At times, these balances may exceed federally insured limits; however, to
date, the Company has not incurred any losses on these investments. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had $7.0
million and $3.9 million, respectively, in banks located outside the U.S. The risk with respect to accounts receivable is managed
by the Company through its policy of monitoring the creditworthiness of its customers to which it grants credit terms in the
normal course of business.
Leases
The Company leases office space in several countries around the world under non-cancelable lease agreements. The
Company generally leases its office facilities under operating lease agreements. Office facilities subject to an operating lease and
the related lease payments are not recorded on the balance sheet. The terms of certain lease agreements provide for rental
payments on a graduated basis, however, the Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period in
accordance with authoritative accounting guidance. Any lease incentives are recognized as reductions of rental expense on a
straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The lease term begins on the date the Company becomes legally obligated for the
rent payments or when it takes possession of the office space, whichever is earlier.
The Company establishes assets and liabilities for the estimated construction costs incurred under lease arrangements where
the Company is considered the owner for accounting purposes only, or build-to-suit leases, to the extent the Company is involved
in the construction of structural improvements or take construction risk prior to commencement of a lease. Upon occupancy of
facilities under build-to-suit leases, the Company assesses whether these arrangements qualify for sales recognition under the
sale-leaseback accounting guidance. If the Company continues to be the deemed owner, the facilities are accounted for as
financing leases. Refer to Note 7, Commitments and Contingencies, for additional detail.
Foreign Currency Translation
The functional currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar, while the functional currency of certain wholly-owned
subsidiaries outside of the U.S. is as follows:
Subsidiary
Wayfair Stores Limited
Wayfair (UK) Limited
Wayfair GmbH
Wayfair (BVI) Ltd.
Currency
Euro
Pound sterling
Euro
Euro
The financial statements of the Company are translated to U.S. dollars using year-end exchange rates as to assets and
liabilities and average exchange rates as to revenue and expenses. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates
when the capital transaction occurred. The effects of foreign currency translation are included in other comprehensive loss in the
consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Transaction gains and losses are included in the Company's consolidated
statements of operations. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period are
included in accumulated other comprehensive loss within total stockholders' equity.
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Table of Contents
Inventories
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Inventories consisting of finished goods are stated at the lower of cost or market, determined by the first-in, first-out (FIFO)
method, and consist of product for resale. Inventory costs consist of cost of product and inbound shipping and handling costs.
Inventory costs also include direct and indirect labor costs, rents and depreciation expenses associated with the Company's
fulfillment centers. Inventory valuation requires the Company to make judgments, based on currently-available information, about
the likely method of disposition, such as through sales to individual customers, liquidations, and expected recoverable values of
each disposition category.
Goods In-Transit
Goods in-transit directly from suppliers to customers are recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Risk of loss
and the transfer of title from the supplier to the Company occur at freight on board shipping point. As of December 31, 2016 and
2015, goods in-transit amounted to $34.3 million, and $34.1 million, respectively.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization on property
and equipment is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Class
Furniture and computer equipment
Site and software development costs
Leasehold improvements
Building (leased - Note 7)
Site and Software Development Costs
Range of Life
(In Years)
3 to 7
2
The lesser of useful life or lease term
30
The Company capitalizes certain costs associated with the development of its sites and internal-use software products after
the preliminary project stage is complete and until the software is ready for its intended use. The capitalized costs are amortized
over a two-year period. Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development, after the software is ready for its intended use
and for maintenance of internal-use software are expensed as incurred. Upgrade and enhancements are capitalized to the extent
they will result in added functionality.
Total costs capitalized, net of accumulated amortization, totaled $30.0 million and $18.1 million as of December 31, 2016
and 2015, respectively, and are included in property and equipment, net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $21.6 million, $15.3 million, and $9.9
million, respectively. Capitalized site and software development costs are included in property and equipment within our
consolidated balance sheets.
Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as service
discontinuance or technological obsolescence, indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived asset may not be recoverable.
When such events occur, the Company compares the carrying amount of the asset to the undiscounted expected future cash flows
related to the asset. If the comparison indicates that an impairment exists, the amount of the impairment is calculated as the
difference between the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset. If a readily determinable market price does
not exist, fair value is estimated using discounted expected cash flows attributable to the asset. For the years ended December 31,
2016, 2015 and 2014, no impairment of long-lived assets or identifiable intangibles had been indicated.
Contingent Liabilities
The Company has certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. The Company accrues
for loss contingencies when losses become probable and are reasonably estimable. If the reasonable estimate of the loss is a range
and no amount within the range is a better estimate, the minimum amount of the range is recorded as a liability. The Company
does not accrue for contingent losses that, in its judgment, are considered to be reasonably possible, but not probable; however, it
discloses the range of such reasonably possible losses.
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Table of Contents
Revenue Recognition
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company generates net revenue through product sales generated primarily through the Company's five distinct sites
and through sites operated by third parties.
The Company recognizes revenue for product sales generated through the Company's five distinct sites and through sites
operated by third parties only when the following four criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;
(2) delivery has occurred; (3) the selling price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. The Company
recognizes net revenue from sales of its products upon delivery to the customer. As the Company ships a large volume of
packages through multiple carriers, actual delivery dates may not always be available and as such the Company estimates delivery
dates based on historical data. The Company records product revenue at the gross amount as the Company is the primary obligor
with the customer and provides the primary customer service for all products sold, has latitude in establishing price and selecting
products sold, has discretion in selecting suppliers of products sold, maintains inventory risk from shipment through delivery date
and upon accepting returns, and has credit risk. Net revenue includes shipping costs charged to the customer and is recorded net
of taxes collected from customers, which are remitted to governmental authorities. Cash discounts, returns and rebates are
deducted from gross revenue in determining net revenue. In addition, the Company defers revenue when cash is collected from its
customer prior to the satisfaction of the revenue recognition criteria.
The Company maintains a membership rewards program for purchases made with the Company's private label credit card, a
Wayfair-branded credit card that can only be used at the Company's five U.S. sites. Enrolled customers earn points that may be
redeemed for future purchases. The Company defers a portion of its revenue associated with rewards that are ultimately expected
to be redeemed.
The Company also earns revenue through third-party advertisers that pay based on the number of advertisement related
clicks, actions, or impressions for advertisements placed on the Company's sites. Revenue earned under these arrangements is
included in net revenue and is recognized in the period in which the click, action, or impression occurs.
Vendor Rebates
The Company earns rebates on incentive programs with its suppliers. These rebates are earned upon shipment of goods.
Amounts earned and due from suppliers under these rebate programs are included in other current assets on the consolidated
balance sheets and are reflected as a reduction of cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of operations. Vendor
allowances received by the Company reduce the carrying cost of inventory and are recognized in cost of goods sold when the
related inventory is sold.
Costs of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold consists of the cost of product sold to customers, shipping and handling costs and shipping supplies and
fulfillment costs. Fulfillment costs include costs incurred in operating and staffing the fulfillment centers, such as costs attributed
to receiving, inspecting, picking, packaging and preparing customer orders for shipment. Cost of goods sold also includes direct
and indirect labor costs, including equity-based compensation, for fulfillment center oversight, including payroll and related
benefit costs. The Company also performs logistics services for suppliers through its CastleGate solution, which are earned upon
completion of preparing customer orders for shipment and are reflected as a reduction of cost of goods sold on the consolidated
statements of operations.
Advertising Costs
Advertising consists of direct response performance marketing costs, such as display advertising, paid search advertising,
social media advertising, search engine optimization, comparison shopping engine advertising, television advertising, direct mail,
catalog and print advertising. Expenditures for advertising are expensed in the period that the advertising first takes place.
Advertising expense amounted to approximately $409.1 million, $278.2 million, and $191.3 million in the years ended
December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. Included in prepaid expenses at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are
approximately $0.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of prepaid advertising costs.
Merchant Processing Fees
Merchant processing fees totaling $66.0 million, $46.9 million, and $27.6 million in the years ended December 31, 2016,
2015, and 2014, respectively, are included in customer service and merchant fees expense in the consolidated statements of
operations. These fees are charged by third parties that provide merchant processing services for customer payments made by
credit cards and debit cards.
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Retail Partner Fees
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company sells its products through sites owned and operated by third-party online retailers, or retail partners. The
Company pays a fee for sales generated through these sites and records them as merchant processing fees and advertising costs.
Retail partner fees included in merchant processing fees are $1.9 million, $3.5 million, and $4.4 million for the years ended
December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. Retail partner fees included in advertising costs are $11.0 million, $20.2
million, and $24.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.
Equity-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for its equity-based compensation awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation—
Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"). ASC 718 requires all equity-based payments to employees, to be recognized as expense in the
statements of operations based on their grant date fair values. The Company has granted stock options, restricted shares and
restricted stock units. The Company has primarily granted restricted stock units, and to a lesser extent, restricted stock since its
IPO in October 2014. However, the Company has not granted any stock options since April 2011. Restricted stock values are
determined based on the quoted market price of our Class A common stock on the date of grant. The Company accounts for equity
awards to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 505-50, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees, which
requires the fair value of an award to non-employees be remeasured at fair value as the award vests.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets
and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying
amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in
which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a
change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records valuation
allowances to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company
determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. If it is not more likely than
not that a position will be sustained, no amount of benefit attributable to the position is recognized. The tax benefit to be
recognized of any tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is calculated as the largest amount that is
more than 50% likely of being realized upon resolution of the contingency.
Prior to the IPO, the Company's main operating entity had not been subject to U.S. federal income taxes as it was organized
as a limited liability company. As such, the taxable income or loss was passed through to and included in the tax returns of the
members. The Company was subject to entity level taxation in certain states, and certain domestic and foreign subsidiaries were
subject to entity level U.S. and foreign income taxes. As a result of the corporate reorganization prior to the IPO, the Company's
income has since been subject to U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign income taxes and taxed at the prevailing corporate tax
rates.
Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders Per Share
The Company follows the two-class method when computing net loss attributable to common stockholders per share as the
Company had issued shares that meet the definition of participating securities which converted to common stock upon the IPO.
Prior to the corporate reorganization, the Company's convertible redeemable preferred units contractually entitled the holders of
such units to participate in dividends, but did not contractually require the holders of such units to participate in losses of the
Company. Accordingly, in periods prior to 2014 in which the Company reports a net loss or a net loss attributable to common
stockholders resulting from preferred stock dividends or accretion, net losses are not allocated to participating securities. After the
IPO the Company has continued to follow the two-class method because it has issued two classes of common stock—Class A and
Class B.
Basic net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss)
attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding for the period. For periods in
which the Company has reported net losses, diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders is the same as basic
net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, since dilutive common stock are not assumed to have been issued if their
effect is anti-dilutive.
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Subsequent Events
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company considers events or transactions that have occurred after the balance sheet date of December 31, 2016, but
prior to the filing of the financial statements with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, to provide additional evidence
relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional recognition or disclosure. Subsequent events have been
evaluated through the filing of these financial statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Stock Compensation
In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No.
2016-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation" ("ASU 2016-09"). This ASU revises the accounting for share-based payment
transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and an option to
recognized gross stock compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, as well as certain classifications on
the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including
interim reporting periods within that reporting year, and early adoption is permitted.
Management expects to adopt ASU 2016-09 for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including
interim reporting periods within that reporting year. Management expects to apply ASU 2016-09 using a modified retrospective
approach and adopt the option to recognize gross stock compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur,
with an immaterial cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings recognized as of January 1, 2017. The adoption of ASU
2016-09 also requires all income tax adjustments to be recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. Management does
not expect this adoption to have a material impact since the expected increase in net deferred tax assets will be fully offset by a
corresponding increase in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance.
Revenue Recognition
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASU 2014-09"). This ASU
is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods
or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.
This ASU was originally effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early adoption was not
permitted.
In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers – Deferral of the Effective
Date" (ASU-2015-14), which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for one year and permits early adoption as early as the
original effective date of ASU 2014-09. Accordingly, ASU 2014-09 is now effective for annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2017 and early adoption is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15 2016,
including interim reporting periods within that reporting year.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Principal versus Agent
Considerations" ("ASU 2016-08"). This ASU clarifies the implementation guidance for principal versus agent considerations in
ASU 2014-09. This ASU is effective at the same period as ASU 2015-14 and ASU 2014-09.
Management expects to adopt ASU No. 2014-09, ASU 2015-14, and ASU 2016-08 (collectively, the "Revenue Recognition
Accounting Pronouncements") for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting
periods within that reporting year. While Management is still in its assessment process, Management generally expects to identify
substantially similar performance obligations after adoption of the Revenue Recognition Accounting Pronouncements as
compared with deliverables and separate units of accounting under previous revenue recognition guidance. Therefore, the
Company generally does not expect the impact of the adoption of the Revenue Recognition Accounting Pronouncements to be
significant to its consolidated financial statements. Management expects to apply the Revenue Recognition Accounting
Pronouncements retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the Revenue Recognition Accounting
Pronouncements recognized at the date of initial application recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings, referred to as the
"Modified Retrospective Approach."
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Table of Contents
Leases
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases" ("ASU 2016-02"). This ASU revises the accounting related
to leases by requiring lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases. The new lease guidance also
simplifies the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. Management expects to adopt ASU 2016-02 for annual reporting periods
beginning after December 15, 2018. Management is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this ASU on the
Company’s consolidated financial statements, and expects it will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements,
primarily the consolidated balance sheets and related disclosures.
3. Marketable Securities and Fair Value Measurements
Marketable Securities
As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, all of the Company’s marketable securities were classified as available-for-sale and
their estimated fair values were $99.7 million and $96.8 million, respectively. The Company periodically reviews its available-
for-sale securities for other-than-temporary impairment. The Company consider factors such as the duration, severity and the
reason for the decline in value, the potential recovery period, and its intent to sell. As of December 31, 2016, the Company’s
available-for-sale securities primarily consisted of corporate bonds and other government obligations that are priced at fair value.
During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment loss.
The maturities of the Company’s long-term marketable securities generally range from one to three years. The cost basis of a
marketable security sold is determined by the Company using the specific identification method. During the years
ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not have any realized gains or losses.
The following tables present details of the Company’s marketable securities as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in
thousands):
Short-term:
Investment securities
Commercial paper
Long-term:
Investment securities
Total
Short-term:
Investment securities
Long-term:
Investment securities
Total
Amortized
Cost
December 31, 2016
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
63,135
$
5,641
30,985
99,761
$
7
1
16
24
$
$
(39) $
(2)
(34)
(75) $
63,103
5,640
30,967
99,710
Amortized
Cost
December 31, 2015
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
16,908
$
— $
(13) $
16,895
80,172
97,080
$
2
2
$
(291)
(304) $
79,883
96,778
$
$
$
$
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Table of Contents
Fair Value Measurements
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as
of December 31, 2016 and 2015 based on the three-tier value hierarchy described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting
Policies (in thousands):
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds
Short-term investments:
Investment securities
Commercial paper
Restricted cash:
Certificate of deposit
Long-term:
Investment securities
Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds
Short-term investments:
Certificates of deposit
Investment securities
Restricted cash:
Certificate of deposit
Long-term:
Investment securities
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
December 31, 2016
$
200,867
$
— $
— $
200,867
—
—
63,103
5,640
5,000
—
—
30,967
—
—
—
—
$
205,867
$
99,710
$
— $
63,103
5,640
5,000
30,967
305,577
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
December 31, 2015
$
267,300
$
— $
— $
267,300
35,000
—
5,000
—
16,895
—
—
79,883
—
—
—
—
$
307,300
$
96,778
$
— $
35,000
16,895
5,000
79,883
404,078
4. Intangible assets and Goodwill
The following table summarizes intangible assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):
Weighted-Average
Amortization
Period (Years)
Gross Carrying
Amount
December 31, 2016
Accumulated
Amortization Net Book Value
Trademarks
Technology
Customer relationships
Total
$
$
1,900
$
1,453
1,300
4,653
$
(1,298) $
(161)
(888)
(2,347) $
602
1,292
412
2,306
5
3
5
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Trademarks
Customer relationships
Non-compete agreements
Other intangibles
Domain names
Total
Weighted-Average
Amortization
Period (Years)
Gross Carrying
Amount
December 31, 2015
Accumulated
Amortization Net Book Value
5
5
3 - 5
3
5
$
$
1,900
$
1,300
100
373
2,687
6,360
$
(918) $
(628)
(81)
(270)
(2,685)
(4,582) $
982
672
19
103
2
1,778
Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $0.9 million, $0.9 million, and $1.0 million for the years ended
December 31, 2016 and 2015, and 2014, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense of purchased intangible assets as
of December 31, 2016, is as follows (in thousands):
2017
2018
2019
Thereafter
Total
Total
1,125
858
323
—
2,306
$
$
Goodwill as of December 31, 2016 was $1.9 million, unchanged from December 31, 2015.
5. Property and Equipment, net
The following table summarizes property and equipment, net as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):
Furniture and computer equipment
Site and software development costs
Leasehold improvements
Construction in progress
Building (leased - see Note 7)
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, net
December 31,
2016
2015
$
133,297
$
77,429
62,090
47,013
29,856
349,685
(110,331)
239,354
$
$
68,416
50,907
29,315
27,563
—
176,201
(63,876)
112,325
Property and equipment depreciation and amortization expense was $54.6 million, $31.6 million, and $20.8 million for the
years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
6. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets, Accrued Expenses, Other Current Liabilities, and Other Liabilities
The following table presents the components of selected balance sheet items as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in
thousands):
December 31,
2016
2015
$
$
34,325
$
21,828
13,215
21,477
90,845
$
34,102
17,316
7,344
17,684
76,446
December 31,
2016
2015
$
37,767
$
24,928
8,379
3,630
7,405
1,333
9,293
6,695
3,069
6,621
2,326
7,921
$
67,807
$
51,560
December 31,
2016
2015
15,731
$
12,384
15,913
5,512
8,697
9,460
44,028
$
23,669
December 31,
2016
2015
55,267
$
39,949
963
96,179
$
24,669
27,295
3,046
55,010
$
$
$
$
Prepaid expenses and other current assets:
Deferred costs in transit
Supplier receivable
Supplier credits receivable
Other prepaid and other current assets
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets
Accrued expenses:
Employee compensation and related benefits
Advertising
Accrued property, plant and equipment
Credit card
Audit, legal and professional fees
Other accrued expenses
Total accrued expenses
Other current liabilities:
Sales tax payable
Sales return reserve
Other current liabilities
Total current other liabilities
Other liabilities:
Deferred rent
Construction costs under build-to-suit leases
Other liabilities
Total other liabilities
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
7. Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
The Company leases office and warehouse spaces under non-cancelable leases. These leases expire at various dates through
2027 and include discounted rental periods and fixed escalation clauses, which are amortized straight-line over the terms of the
lease. Future minimum rental commitments under non-cancelable leases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year at
December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Thereafter
Total
Amount
47,721
56,402
57,784
57,245
55,341
294,166
568,659
$
$
Rent expense under operating leases was $33.6 million, $16.3 million, and $11.4 million in the years ended December 31,
2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company has issued letters of credit for approximately $10.6 million and $5.9 million as
security for these lease agreements as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Future lease payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease rentals of $1.9 million due to the Company in the future
under non-cancelable subleases through 2018.
The Company establishes assets and liabilities for the estimated construction costs incurred under lease arrangements where
the Company is considered the owner for accounting purposes only, or build-to-suit leases, to the extent the Company is involved
in the construction of structural improvements or takes construction risk prior to commencement of a lease. Upon occupancy of
facilities under build-to-suit leases, the Company assesses whether these arrangements qualify for sales recognition under the
sale-leaseback accounting guidance. If the Company continues to be the deemed owner, the facilities are accounted for as
financing leases.
The construction of one warehouse lease arrangement was completed during the year ended December 31, 2016, and
because the Company concluded it had a letter of credit of $1.2 million, the Company did not meet the sale-leaseback criteria for
derecognition of the building asset and liability. Therefore, the lease was accounted for as a financing obligation. The financing
obligation and a corresponding building asset, was recorded in "Lease financing obligation" and "Property and equipment, net,"
respectively, in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for $28.9 million.
The monthly rent payments made to the lessor under the lease agreement are recorded in the Company’s financial statements
as land lease expense and principal and interest on the financing obligation. Interest expense on the lease financing obligation
reflects the portion of the Company's monthly lease payments that is allocated to interest expense and is recorded in "Interest
income, net" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The building asset is depreciated over its useful life during
the lease period. For the year ended December 31, 2016, land lease expense, interest expense on lease financing obligation, and
building depreciation was $0.1 million, $1.4 million, and $0.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, future minimum
commitments related to the financing obligation were $2.3 million and $11.9 million for principal and interest, respectively,
through December 31, 2021.
Subsequent to December 31, 2016, the construction of a second warehouse lease arrangement was completed, and because
the Company did not meet the sale-leaseback criteria for derecognition of the building asset and liability, the lease will be
accounted for as a financing obligation in the first quarter of 2017.
Restricted Cash
The Company has deposited $5.0 million with Bank of America as collateral for letters of credit and has classified these
amounts as "Other noncurrent assets" on its consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Collection of Sales or Other Similar Taxes
Based on the location of the Company’s current operations, it collects and remits sales tax. The Company does not currently
collect sales or other similar taxes for the sale of goods in states where no obligation to collect these taxes is required under
applicable law. Several states have presented the Company with assessments, alleging that it is required to collect and remit sales
or other similar taxes. The aggregate amount of claims from these states, not including taxes allegedly owed for periods
subsequent to such assessments or interest and penalties after the date the Company last received such assessments, is
approximately $27.2 million. The Company does not believe that it was obligated to collect and remit such taxes, and intends to
vigorously defend its position. At this time, the Company believes any losses that may arise from these assessments would be
immaterial; however, no assurance can be given as to the outcome of these assessments.
Legal Matters
In September 2016, a putative class action complaint was filed against the Company in the Superior Court of the province of
Quebec (Naomi Zouzout v. Wayfair LLC, Case No. PQ 500-06-000809-166) by an individual on behalf of herself and on behalf
of all other similarly situated individuals alleging violations of various Canadian consumer protection statutes. Among other
remedies, this lawsuit seeks compensatory and punitive money damages, costs, and various fees. The Company intends to defend
the lawsuit vigorously. At this time, based on available information regarding this litigation, the Company is unable to reasonably
assess the ultimate outcome of this case or determine an estimate, or a range of estimates, of potential losses.
From time to time the Company is involved in claims that arise during the ordinary course of business. Although the results
of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company does not currently believe that the outcome of any of
these other legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operation or financial condition.
Regardless of the outcome, litigation can be costly and time consuming, as it can divert management’s attention from important
business matters and initiatives, negatively impacting the Company's overall operations. In addition, the Company may also find
itself at greater risk to outside party claims as it increases its operations in jurisdictions where the laws with respect to the
potential liability of online retailers are uncertain, unfavorable, or unclear.
8. Employee Benefit Plans
The Company has a defined-contribution, incentive savings plan pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code.
The plan covers all full-time employees who have reached the age of 21 years. Employees may elect to defer compensation up to
a dollar limit (as allowable by the Internal Revenue Code), of which up to 4% of an employee's salary will be matched by the
Company. The amounts deferred by the employee and the matching amounts contributed by the Company both vest immediately.
The amount expensed under the plan totaled approximately $6.3 million, $3.3 million, and $2.4 million in the years ended
December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
9. Equity-Based Compensation
In 2010, the Company established an equity incentive plan and, in 2011, the plan was amended and restated as the Wayfair
LLC Amended and Restated 2010 Common Unit Plan (the "2010 Plan"). The 2010 Plan was administered by the board of
directors of Wayfair LLC and provided for the issuance of common option units, restricted common units (all common units), and
deferred units, which currently represent Class A or Class B common stock of the Company.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
In connection with the IPO, the board of directors of the Company adopted the 2014 Incentive Award Plan ("2014 Plan") to
grant cash and equity incentive awards to eligible service providers in order to attract, motivate and retain the talent for which the
Company competes. The 2014 Plan is administered by the board of directors of the Company with respect to awards to non-
employee directors and by the compensation committee with respect to other participants and provides for the issuance of stock
options, SARs, restricted stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance shares, stock payments, cash payments, dividend
awards and other incentives. The 2014 Plan authorized up to 8,603,066 shares of Class A common stock to be issued, on the first
day of each calendar year beginning January 1, 2016 and ending on and including January 1, 2024, the shares available for future
grant are increased in accordance with the 2014 Plan. As of January 1, 2017, 8,389,750 shares of Class A common stock are
available for future grant under the 2014 Plan. Shares or RSUs forfeited, withheld for minimum statutory tax obligations, and
unexercised stock option lapses from the 2010 and 2014 Plans are available for grants of awards under the 2014 Plan. All equity
awards granted prior to the IPO were subject to two vesting triggers: a service period (typically five years) and a performance
condition (a liquidity event in the form of either a change of control or an initial public offering, each as defined in the 2010 Plan).
Employees were able to retain provisionally vested stock options and shares upon departure. The Company determined that a
liquidity event was not probable until the closing of its IPO on October 7, 2014, and as such, no expense was recognized until that
date. After the IPO awards for employees still providing service will continue to vest over the remaining service period. Any
future grants of awards are expected to vest over the service period.
In April 2014, the Company completed a tender offer to repurchase provisionally vested (defined as service period
completed) stock options and restricted common stock from certain employees at a price of $26.23 per share. A total of 202,757
shares of restricted common stock and 9,028 stock options were tendered for an aggregate of approximately $5.5 million in net
cash after adjusting for the exercise prices associated with the stock options. This tender offer was accounted for as a modification
resulting in a $5.5 million compensation charge when accepted by the employee in 2014.
The following table presents activity relating to stock options for the year ended December 31, 2016:
Outstanding at December 31, 2015
Options exercised
Options forfeited/canceled
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
Exercisable at December 31, 2016
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
$
279,591
(69,656) $
(176) $
$
209,759
209,759
$
2.98
2.98
3.42
2.98
2.98
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(Years)
5.5
4.5
4.5
Intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $2.5 million and $5.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and
2015, respectively. Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and currently exercisable is $6.7 million as of
December 31, 2016. All stock options were fully vested at December 31, 2016.
The following table presents activity relating to restricted common stock for the year ended December 31, 2016:
Unvested at December 31, 2015
Restricted stock granted
Restricted stock vested
Expected to vest in the future as of December 31, 2016
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2016
72
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
4.75
44.34
4.75
35.05
35.05
Shares
1,993
$
60,000
$
(1,993) $
$
60,000
49,171
$
Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The intrinsic value of restricted common stock vested and repurchased was less than $0.1 million and $4.3 million for the
years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Aggregate intrinsic value of restricted common stock unvested is $2.1
million as of December 31, 2016. Unrecognized equity based compensation expense related to restricted common stock expected
to vest over time is $1.9 million with a weighted average remaining vesting term of 1.9 years as of December 31, 2016.
The following table presents activity relating to RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2016:
Unvested at December 31, 2015
RSUs granted
RSUs vested
RSUs forfeited/canceled
Unvested at December 31, 2016
Expected to vest in the future as of December 31, 2016
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
28.30
38.40
25.96
34.10
34.21
34.47
Shares
5,607,867
$
4,070,232
$
(1,908,624) $
(782,699) $
$
6,986,776
5,473,203
$
The intrinsic value of RSUs vested was $76.1 million and $51.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,
respectively. Aggregate intrinsic value of RSUs unvested is $244.9 million as of December 31, 2016. Unrecognized equity based
compensation expense related to RSUs expected to vest over time is $208.6 million with a weighted average remaining vesting
term of 1.7 years as of December 31, 2016.
10. Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Series A and Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Units of Wayfair LLC
In connection with the corporate reorganization, all of the outstanding Series A and Series B preferred units of Wayfair LLC
were exchanged for shares of Series A and Series B convertible preferred stock of Wayfair Inc. Immediately prior to the
completion of the IPO, all of the outstanding shares of Series A and Series B convertible preferred stock converted into
27,546,934 shares of Class B common stock of Wayfair Inc.
The Company recognized changes in the redemption value of the convertible redeemable preferred stock immediately as
they occurred by adjusting the carrying amount of the redeemable security to what would be the redemption amount assuming the
security was redeemable at the balance sheet date. Accordingly, the Company recorded accretion of the Series A convertible and
the series B redeemable convertible preferred stock of $14.4 million and $2.5 million, respectively, for the year ended
December 31, 2014. At the time of the conversion of Series A and Series B convertible preferred stock an adjustment of $14.8
million was recorded as a reduction of accretion expense when the carrying value of the convertible redeemable preferred units
was reduced to its conversion value.
Upon the issuance of Series B preferred units by Wayfair LLC in March 2014, the Company distributed $15.0 million in
accrued dividends to Series A convertible preferred stock holders and upon the completion of the IPO in October 2014 distributed
the remaining accrued dividends of $24.5 million to Series A convertible preferred stock holders.
Preferred Stock
The Company authorized 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, for future
issuance. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had no shares of undesignated preferred stock issued or outstanding.
Common Stock
On October 7, 2014, the Company completed its IPO of 12,650,000 shares of its Class A common stock at a public offering
price of $29.00 per share, of which 10,500,000 shares were sold by the Company and 2,150,000 shares were sold by its selling
stockholders, including 1,650,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares, resulting in net
proceeds to the Company of approximately $282.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. The
Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company authorized 500,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, $0.001 par value per share, and 164,000,000 shares
of Class B common stock, $0.001 par value per share, of which 49,945,202 and 45,814,237 shares of Class A common stock and
35,885,692 and 38,496,562 shares of Class B common stock were outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and
conversion rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share and each share of Class B common stock
is entitled to ten votes per share. Each share of Class B common stock may be converted into one share of Class A common stock
at the option of its holder and will be automatically converted into one share of Class A common stock upon transfer thereof,
subject to certain exceptions. In addition, upon the date on which the outstanding shares of Class B common stock represent less
than 10% of the aggregate number of shares of the then outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or in the
event of the affirmative vote or written consent of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding shares of Class B common stock,
all outstanding shares of Class B common stock shall convert automatically into Class A common stock. Subject to preferences
that may apply to any shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive
dividends out of funds legally available if the Board, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends and then only at the times and
in the amounts that the Board may determine. Since the IPO through December 31, 2016, 34,795,104 shares of Class B common
stock were converted to Class A common stock.
11. Segment and Geographic Information
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is
evaluated on a regular basis by the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") in deciding how to allocate resources to an
individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer.
Beginning the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company changed its operating and reportable segments to U.S. and
International. These segments reflect changes in the way the CODM allocates resources and evaluates financial performance,
which is based upon each segment's Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as loss before depreciation and
amortization, equity-based compensation and related taxes, interest and other income and expense, provision for income taxes,
and non-recurring items. These charges are excluded from evaluation of segment performance because it facilitates reportable
segment performance comparisons on a period-to-period basis. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those
described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
The Company allocates certain operating expenses to the operating and reportable segments, including "Customer service
and merchant fees," "Merchandising, marketing and sales," and "Operations, technology, general and administrative" based on
the usage and relative contribution provided to the segments. It excludes from the allocations certain operating expense lines,
including "Depreciation and amortization, "Equity based compensation and related taxes," "Interest (income), net," "Other
(income) expense, net," and "Provision for income taxes." There are no revenue transactions between the Company's reportable
segments.
U.S.
The U.S. segment primarily consists of amounts earned through product sales through the Company's five distinct sites in
the U.S. and through sites operated by third parties in the U.S.
International
The International segment primarily consists of amounts earned through product sales through the Company's international
sites.
Revenue from external customers for each group of similar products and services are not reported to the CODM. Separate
identification of this information for purposes of segment disclosure is impractical, as it is not readily available and the cost to
develop it would be excessive. No individual country outside of the U.S. provided greater than 10% of total revenue.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following tables present Direct Retail and Other net revenues and Adjusted EBITDA attributable to the Company’s
reportable segments for the periods presented (in thousands):
U.S. Direct Retail
U.S. Other
U.S. segment net revenue
International Direct Retail
International Other
International segment net revenue (1)
Total
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2016
$
2,993,365
$
1,945,411
$
1,036,658
117,132
3,110,497
265,544
4,319
269,863
190,081
2,135,492
94,827
19,566
114,393
199,557
1,236,215
65,028
17,708
82,736
$
3,380,360
$
2,249,885
$
1,318,951
(1) In the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, International segment net revenue included $5.4 million and $10.8
million, respectively, from our Australian business, which we sold in July 2015.
Adjusted EBITDA:
U.S.
International
Total reportable segments Adjusted EBITDA
Less: reconciling items (1)
Net loss
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2016
$
$
$
176
(88,868)
(88,692)
(105,683)
(194,375) $
$
30,985
(46,914)
(15,929)
(61,514)
(77,443) $
(40,496)
(22,041)
(62,537)
(85,561)
(148,098)
(1) Adjustments are made to reconcile total reportable segments Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated net loss including the
following (in thousands):
Depreciation and amortization
Equity based compensation and related taxes
Interest (income), net
Other (income) expense, net
Provision for income taxes
Total reconciling items
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
$
55,572
$
32,446
$
51,953
(694)
(1,756)
608
32,975
(1,284)
(2,718)
95
22,003
63,244
(350)
489
175
$
105,683
$
61,514
$
85,561
The following table presents the activity related to the Company’s net revenue from Direct Retail sales derived through the
Company’s sites and Other sales derived through sites operated by third parties and fees from third-party advertising distribution
providers (in thousands):
Net revenue
Direct Retail
Other
Net revenue
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2016
$
$
3,258,909
121,451
3,380,360
$
$
2,040,238
209,647
2,249,885
$
$
1,101,686
217,265
1,318,951
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The following table presents long-lived assets by segment (in thousands):
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Geographic long-lived assets:
U.S.
International
Total
12. Income Taxes
Year Ended
December 31,
2016
2015
$
$
233,099
6,255
239,354
$
$
110,042
2,283
112,325
Income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 attributable to income (loss) from
operation is presented below (in thousands):
Year ended December 31, 2016
Current
Deferred
Total
Federal
State
Foreign
Year ended December 31, 2015
Federal
State
Foreign
Year ended December 31, 2014
Federal
State
Foreign
$
$
$
$
$
— $
329
285
614
$
32
$
5
(43)
(6) $
Current
Deferred
Total
— $
(202)
331
129
$
54
$
7
(95)
(34) $
Current
Deferred
Total
— $
1
138
139
$
32
4
—
36
32
334
242
608
54
(195)
236
95
32
5
138
175
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The actual income tax expense (benefit) differs from the expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the
U.S. Federal corporate income tax rate of 35% to income before tax expense (benefit) as follows (in thousands):
Computed expected tax expense (benefit)
Decrease in income taxes resulting from:
Partnership losses not creating tax benefit
Effect of conversion to C-corporation
State income tax expense, net of federal benefit
Foreign tax rate differential
Equity based compensation expense
Change in valuation allowance
Impact of sale of Australian subsidiary
Other
Net income tax expense
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2016
$
(67,819) $
(27,072) $
(51,773)
—
—
(5,225)
17,109
2,321
53,467
—
755
608
$
—
—
(1,424)
9,278
1,415
12,394
4,248
1,256
$
95
$
21,369
(28,034)
(2,517)
2,826
5,555
52,921
—
(172)
175
The components of results of income before income tax expense (benefit) determined by tax jurisdiction, are as follows (in
thousands):
U.S.
Foreign
Total
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2016
$
$
(118,851) $
(74,916)
(193,767) $
(38,963) $
(38,385)
(77,348) $
(128,505)
(19,418)
(147,923)
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the
periods presented are as follows (in thousands):
Deferred tax asset:
Accounts receivable
Inventories
Operating loss carry-forwards
Equity based compensation expense
Intangibles
Accrued payroll
Accrued expenses
Charitable contributions
Deferred rent
Gross deferred tax asset
Less: Valuation allowance
Net deferred tax asset
Deferred tax liability:
Prepaid expenses
Capitalized technology
Property and equipment
Goodwill
Other
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax liabilities
Non-current net deferred tax liability
December 31
2016
2015
$
1,153
$
543
71,558
10,940
22,466
9,379
2,840
331
51,355
170,565
(123,293)
47,272
(1,428)
(11,151)
(34,420)
(133)
(166)
(47,298)
(26)
(26) $
$
926
280
32,678
10,716
24,205
307
143
21,219
90,474
(70,614)
19,860
(561)
(6,444)
(12,646)
(96)
(126)
(19,873)
(13)
(13)
As of December 31, 2016, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future federal
taxable income of $245.2 million.
In addition, the Company had state net operating loss carryforwards available in the amount of $230.5 million which are
available to offset future state taxable income.
The federal net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire in the year ended December 31, 2034. The state net operating
loss carryforwards begin to expire in the year ended December 31, 2028.
The Company's ability to utilize these federal and state net operating loss carry-forwards may be limited in the future if the
Company experiences an ownership change pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382. An ownership change occurs when
the ownership percentages of 5% or greater stockholders change by more than 50% over a three-year period.
The Company also had foreign net operating loss carry-forwards available to offset future foreign income of $143.6 million.
The foreign net operating loss carryforwards have no expiration.
In assessing the realizability of its net deferred tax assets, the Company considered whether it is more likely than not that
some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends upon the
generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. As of
December 31, 2016, based upon an evaluation of the positive and negative evidence, the Company concluded that an increase of
$52.7 million of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance was appropriate, resulting in a valuation allowance of $123.3 million
as of December 31, 2016. The total expense from the net change in valuation allowance is $52.7 million.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
As of December 31, 2016, the Company has not provided for U.S. deferred income taxes on undistributed earnings of its
foreign subsidiaries of approximately $2.3 million since these earnings are to be indefinitely reinvested. Upon distribution of
those earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company will be subject to additional U.S. and state income taxes (less
foreign tax credits), as well as withholding taxes in its foreign locations. The amount of taxes attributable to the undistributed
earnings is not practicably determinable.
The Company establishes reserves for uncertain tax positions based on management's assessment of exposure associated
with tax deductions, permanent tax differences and tax credits. The tax reserves are analyzed periodically and adjustments are
made as events occur to warrant adjustment to the reserve. The Company's policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to
unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. Reserves for uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2016
and 2015 are not material.
The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties as income tax expense. Related
to the unrecognized tax benefits noted above, the Company did not accrue any penalties and interest during 2016, 2015, and 2014,
respectively, because it believes that such additional interest and penalties would be insignificant.
The Company's tax jurisdictions include the U.S., the UK, Germany, Ireland, and the British Virgin Islands. The statute of
limitations with respect to the Company's U.S. federal income taxes has expired for years prior to 2013. The relevant state and
foreign statutes vary. However, preceding years remain open to examination by U.S. federal and state and foreign taxing
authorities to the extent of future utilization of net operating losses generated in each preceding year.
13. Credit Agreement
On February 22, 2017, the Company entered into a $40 million credit card program and a credit agreement consisting of a
$100 million secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolver") with Citibank, N.A. ("Citibank"). The Citibank credit facility
replaced the Company's existing credit facility with Bank of America, N.A. ("Bank of America"), which were in place as of
December 31, 2016 and are described below.
The Revolver has a $40 million letter of credit sublimit and a $10 million swing line sublimit, and a final maturity date of
February 21, 2020. Wayfair LLC is the borrower (the "Borrower") under the Citibank credit agreement. Subject to certain
conditions, the Borrower has the right to increase the Revolver by $25 million. Borrowings under the Revolver will bear interest
through maturity at a variable rate based upon, at the Borrower’s option, either the Eurodollar rate or the base rate (which is the
highest of (x) Citibank's prime rate, (y) one-half of 1.00% in excess of the federal funds effective rate, and (z) 1.00%in excess of
the one-month Eurodollar rate), plus, in each case an applicable margin. From closing until September 30, 2019, the applicable
margin for Eurodollar rate loans is 1.75% per annum and the applicable margin for base rate loans is 0.75% per annum. After
September 30, 2019, the applicable margin is subject to specified changes depending on the applicable consolidated leverage
ratio. Any amounts outstanding under the Revolver are due at maturity. In addition, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in
the credit agreement, the Borrower is required to make certain mandatory prepayments prior to maturity.
The Citibank credit agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants customarily applicable to senior secured credit
facilities, including covenants that, among other things, will limit or restrict the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries,
subject to negotiated exceptions, to incur additional indebtedness and additional liens on their assets, engage in mergers or
acquisitions or dispose of assets, pay dividends or make other distributions, voluntarily prepay other indebtedness, enter into
transactions with affiliated persons, make investments, and change the nature of their businesses. In addition, the Citibank credit
agreement requires the Company to maintain certain financial ratios.
As of December 31, 2016, the Company had a credit agreement with Bank of America, which was last renewed on July 31,
2016. The Bank of America credit agreement provided the Company with a $20.0 million revolving line of credit to support direct
borrowings and letters of credit, provided that a maximum of $5.0 million could be applied to direct borrowings under the
revolving line of credit, plus an additional $45.0 million credit card program, for a maximum aggregate commitment of $65.0
million. The credit agreement would have expired by its terms on July 31, 2017. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Bank
of America credit agreement, advances under the line of credit, if any, would bear interest at the LIBOR rate, plus 1.75%. The
Bank of America credit agreement also required the Company to maintain certain covenants, including debt service coverage,
tangible net worth and unencumbered liquid assets, with which the Company was compliant at December 31, 2016 and 2015. The
Company did not borrow any amounts under the Bank of America credit agreement during the years ended December 31, 2016,
2015 and 2014.
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14. Net Loss per Share
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Basic and diluted net loss per share is presented using the two class method required for participating securities. Class A and
Class B common stock are the only outstanding equity in the Company since our IPO in October 2014. The rights of the holders
of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of Class A common
stock is entitled to one vote per share and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share. The Class B
common stock also has approval rights over certain corporate actions. Each share of Class B common stock may be converted
into one share of Class A common stock at any time at the option of the stockholder, and will be automatically converted into one
share of Class A common stock upon a sale or transfer, subject to certain limited exceptions. In addition, upon the date on which
the outstanding shares of Class B common stock represent less than 10% of the aggregate number of shares of the then
outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or in the event of the affirmative vote or written consent of at
least 66 2/3% of the outstanding shares of Class B common stock, all outstanding shares of Class B common stock will
automatically convert into Class A common stock.
Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of
common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed using
the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and, if dilutive, common stock equivalents outstanding during the
period. The Company's common stock equivalents consist of shares issuable upon the release of restricted stock units, and to a
lesser extent, the incremental shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options and unvested restricted stock.
The dilutive effect of these common stock equivalents is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury
stock method. The Company's basic and diluted net loss per share are the same because the Company has generated net loss
attributable to common stockholders and common stock equivalents are excluded from diluted net loss per share because they
have an antidilutive impact.
The Company allocates undistributed earnings between the classes on a one-to-one basis when computing net loss per
share. As a result, basic and diluted net loss per Class A and Class B shares are equivalent.
Even prior to the conversion of its Series A and Series B convertible preferred stock to common stock, effective October 7,
2014, the Company applied the two class method for calculating and presenting earnings per share. Under the two class method,
net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders is determined by allocating undistributed earnings between common stock
and participating securities. Undistributed earnings are calculated as net income (loss) less distributed earnings and accretion of
Series A and Series B convertible preferred stock. As holders of Series A and Series B convertible preferred stock did not have a
contractual obligation to share in the losses of the Company, the net loss attributable to common stockholders for each period
prior to the IPO was not allocated between common stock and participating securities. Accordingly, Series A and Series B
convertible preferred stock are excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share. The Company's basic and
diluted net loss per share are the same because the Company has generated net loss to common stockholders and common stock
equivalents are excluded from diluted net loss per share because they have an antidilutive impact. The following table presents the
calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Numerator:
Net loss
Accretion of preferred units to redemption value
Net loss attributable to common stockholders per share—basic and
diluted
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares used for basic and diluted net loss
per share computation
Net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and Diluted
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2016
(194,375) $
—
(77,443) $
—
(148,098)
(2,071)
(194,375) $
(77,443) $
(150,169)
84,977
83,726
50,642
(2.29) $
(0.92) $
(2.97)
$
$
$
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following have been excluded from the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common
stockholders as their effect would have been antidilutive:
Stock options
Restricted stock
Restricted stock units
Total
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2016
209,759
60,000
6,986,776
7,256,535
279,591
1,993
5,607,867
5,889,451
449,046
161,476
4,542,231
5,152,753
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer ("CEO") and chief financial officer ("CFO"),
evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2016. Based on such evaluation, our
CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring
that (a) the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded,
processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and (b) such information is
accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as
appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required
by Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the quarter ended December 31, 2016 that materially affected, or are
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as
defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness
of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based on this evaluation, management
concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016 to provide reasonable
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Management reviewed the results of its assessment with our Audit
Committee. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 has been audited by Ernst
& Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which is included immediately following
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Limitations on Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable
assurance of achieving their objectives as specified above. Management does not expect, however, that our disclosure controls
and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and fraud. Any control system, no
matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute,
assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due
to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Wayfair Inc.
We have audited Wayfair Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established
in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013
framework) (the COSO criteria). Wayfair Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial
reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s
internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control
over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control
over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness
of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances.
We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain
to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets
of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being
made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance
regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a
material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because
of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Wayfair Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2016, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States),
the consolidated balance sheets of Wayfair Inc. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of
operations, comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2016 of Wayfair Inc. and our report dated February 28, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
February 28, 2017
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Item 9B. Other Information
On February 22, 2017, Wayfair Inc. ("Wayfair" or the "Company") entered into a $40 million credit card program with
Citibank, N.A. ("Citibank"). This new card program will replace the Company’s current card program with Bank of America,
N.A.
In connection with the credit card program, Wayfair, as guarantor, and Wayfair LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the
Company, as borrower (the "Borrower") entered into a Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Citibank, in its capacity
as administrative agent, swing line lender and letter of credit issuer, and certain other lenders party thereto. The Credit Agreement
consists of:
• A secured revolving credit facility under which the Borrower may borrow up to $100 million, subject to certain
sublimits, with a final maturity date of February 21, 2020 (the "Revolver").
• The Borrower has the right, subject to certain conditions, to increase the Revolver by $25 million.
• The Revolver has the following sublimits:
a $40 million letter of credit sublimit; and
a $10 million swing line sublimit.
The Borrower’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by Wayfair and certain of its subsidiaries (together,
the "Guarantors"). The obligations of the Borrower and the Guarantors are secured by first-priority liens on substantially all of the
assets of the Borrower and the Guarantors, including, with certain exceptions, all of the capital stock of the Company’s domestic
subsidiaries and 65% of the capital stock of the Company’s first-tier foreign subsidiaries.
The proceeds of the Revolver may be used to finance working capital, to refinance certain existing indebtedness and to
provide funds for other general corporate purposes.
Borrowings under the Revolver will bear interest through maturity at a variable rate based upon, at the Borrower’s option,
either the Eurodollar rate or the base rate (which is the highest of (x) Citibank’s prime rate, (y) one-half of 1.00% in excess of the
federal funds effective rate, and (z) 1.00% in excess of the one-month Eurodollar rate), plus, in each case an applicable margin.
From closing until September 30, 2019, the applicable margin for Eurodollar rate loans is 1.75% per annum and the applicable
margin for base rate loans is 0.75% per annum. After September 30, 2019, the applicable margin is subject to specified changes
depending on the applicable consolidated leverage ratio.
Any amounts outstanding under the Revolver are due at maturity. In addition, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in
the Credit Agreement, the Borrower is required to make certain mandatory prepayments prior to maturity.
The Credit Agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants customarily applicable to senior secured credit facilities,
including covenants that, among other things, will limit or restrict the ability of the Borrower and the Guarantors, subject to
negotiated exceptions, to incur additional indebtedness and additional liens on their assets, engage in mergers or acquisitions or
dispose of assets, pay dividends or make other distributions, voluntarily prepay other indebtedness, enter into transactions with
affiliated persons, make investments, and change the nature of their businesses. In addition, the Credit Agreement requires the
Company to maintain certain financial ratios.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
We have adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees,
including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons
performing similar functions. A copy of the code may be found at the Investor Relations section of our website, located at
investor.wayfair.com under the link for "Corporate Governance." We intend to make all required disclosures regarding any
amendments to, or waivers from, any provisions of the code at the same location of our website.
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The other information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our proxy statement for our 2017 annual
meeting of stockholders, which we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of December 31,
2016.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our proxy statement for our 2017 annual meeting of
stockholders, which we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of December 31, 2016.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our proxy statement for our 2017 annual meeting of
stockholders, which we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of December 31, 2016.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our proxy statement for our 2017 annual meeting of
stockholders, which we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of December 31, 2016.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our proxy statement for our 2017 annual meeting of
stockholders, which we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of December 31, 2016.
PART IV
ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(1) Financial Statements
The following financial statements and supplementary data are included in Part II of Item 8 filed of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K:
• Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
• Consolidated Balance Sheets
• Consolidated Statements of Operations
• Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
• Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
• Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
• Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedules not listed above have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is
shown in the financial statements or notes herein
(3) Exhibits
See the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated
herein by reference.
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Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
SIGNATURES
WAYFAIR INC.
By:
/s/ NIRAJ SHAH
Niraj Shah
President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: February 28, 2017
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following
persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
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Signature
Title
Date
/s/ NIRAJ SHAH
Niraj Shah
Chief Executive Officer and President, Co-Founder
and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
February 28, 2017
/s/ MICHAEL FLEISHER
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
February 28, 2017
Michael Fleisher
/s/ NICHOLAS MALONE
Nicholas Malone
Chief Administrative Officer (Principal Accounting
Officer)
February 28, 2017
/s/ STEVEN CONINE
Co-Founder and Director
February 28, 2017
Steven Conine
/s/ NEERAJ AGRAWAL
Director
Neeraj Agrawal
/s/ JULIE BRADLEY
Director
Julie Bradley
/s/ ROBERT GAMGORT
Director
Robert Gamgort
February 28, 2017
February 28, 2017
February 28, 2017
/s/ MICHAEL KUMIN
Director
February 28, 2017
Michael Kumin
/s/ IAN LANE
Ian Lane
Director
February 28, 2017
/s/ JAMES MILLER
Director
James Miller
/s/ ROMERO RODRIGUES
Director
Romero Rodrigues
February 28, 2017
February 28, 2017
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Description
2.1 Contribution and Exchange Agreement dated as of
August 15, 2014 between the Company and the
other and the other parties thereto
3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the
Company
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company
4.1 Specimen stock certificate evidencing the shares of
Class A common stock of the Company
10.1+ Second Amended and Restated 2010 Incentive Plan
10.2+ Form of Deferred Unit Agreement under the
Second Amended and Restated 2010 Incentive Plan
10.3+ 2014 Incentive Award Plan
10.4+ Form of Option Agreement under the 2014
Incentive Award Plan
10.5+ Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under
the 2014 Incentive Award Plan
10.6+ Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under
the 2014 Incentive Award Plan
10.7
Investors' Rights Agreement, dated August 15,
2014, by and among the Company and the other
parties thereto
Incorporated by Reference
Filed
Herewith
Form
S-1
File No.
333-198171
Filing Date
8/15/2014
Exhibit
Number
2.1
8-K
8-K
S-1
S-1
S-1
S-1
S-1
S-1
S-1
001-36666
10/8/2014
001-36666
10/8/2014
333-198171
9/19/2014
333-198171
8/15/2014
333-198171
8/15/2014
333-198171
9/19/2014
333-198171
9/19/2014
3.1
3.2
4.1
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
333-198171
9/19/2014
10.5
333-198171
9/19/2014
10.6
10-K
001-36666
3/19/2015
10.7
10.8+ Form of Indemnification Agreement for Directors
S-1
333-198171
8/15/2014
10.8
and Officers
10.9 Office Lease dated April 18, 2013 between Copley
Place Associates, LLC and the Company, as
amended by the First Amendment to Lease dated
February 11, 2014, as further amended by the
Second Amendment to Lease dated October 24,
2014, as further amended by the Third Amendment
to Lease dated October 8, 2015, and as further
amended by the Fourth Amendment to Lease dated
February 3, 2016 (as amended to date, the "Copley
Lease")
10.10 Fifth Amendment to Copley Lease, dated as of July
29, 2016, by and between Copley Place Associates,
LLC and Wayfair LLC
10-K
001-36666
2/29/2016
10.9
10-Q
001-36666
11/8/2016
10.2
10.11 Elevator Side Letter to Copley Lease, dated as of
10-Q
001-36666
11/8/2016
10.3
July 28, 2016, by and between Copley Place
Associates, LLC and Wayfair LLC
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Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Description
Filed
Herewith
10.12+ Wayfair International Assignment Agreement dated
April 1, 2015 between the Company and John
Mulliken
Incorporated by Reference
Form
10-Q
File No.
001-36666
Filing Date
5/15/2015
Exhibit
Numbe
r
10.10
10.13+ Form of Amended and Restated Letter Agreement
dated May 6, 2014 between the Company and each
of Niraj Shah and Steven Conine
S-1
333-198171
8/15/2014
10.11
10.14+ Letter Agreement dated October 2, 2013 between
S-1
333-198171
8/15/2014
10.12
the Company and Michael Fleisher, as amended
May 5, 2014
10.15+ Letter Agreement dated June 2, 2015 between the
X
Company and Jeremy Delinsky
10.16 Loan Agreement dated October 29, 2012 between
10-K
001-36666
2/29/2016
10.13
8-K
001-36666
8/4/2016
10.1
Bank of America, N.A. and the Company, as
amended by amendments dated October 29, 2013,
June 6, 2014 and July 31, 2015 (as amended to
date, the "Bank of America Loan Agreement")
10.17 Amendment No. 4 to the Bank of America Loan
Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2016, by and
between Bank of America, N.A. and Wayfair LLC
10.18 Credit Agreement dated February 22, 2017 among
Wayfair LLC, Wayfair Inc., each Lender from time
to time party thereto and Citibank, N.A. as
Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C
Issuer
21.1 Subsidiaries of the Company
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1# Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2# Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Schema Linkbase Document
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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Exhibit Description
Exhibit
Number
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase
Document
Incorporated by Reference
Filed
Herewith Form
File No.
Filing Date
Exhibit
Number
X
X
X
X
+ Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan
# This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange
Act), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended or the Exchange Act.
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Stock Price Performance Graph
The graph set forth below compares cumulative total return on our Class A common stock with the cumulative total return
of the S&P Retail Select Industry Index and the NYSE Composite, resulting from an initial investment of $100 in each and,
assuming the reinvestment of any dividends, based on closing prices. Measurement points are the last trading day of each fiscal
quarter after our initial public offering on October 2, 2014 to the last trading day of our 2016 fiscal year, December 31, 2016.
Note: Stock price performance shown in the Stock Price Performance Graph for our Class A common stock is historical
and not necessarily indicative of future price performance.