A World of Solutions 2 0 1 5 A N N U A L R E P O R T Net Sales (in millions) 3 1 5 , 7 $ 0 9 8 , 7 $ 8 1 5 , 7 $ 9 7 5 , 6 $ 6 2 1 , 6 $ Income from Operations (EBIT)1 (in millions) 6 6 4 $ 5 4 4 $ 4 7 3 $ 9 6 3 $ 3 3 3 $ Diluted EPS1 Free Cash Flow1 (in millions) 8 1 . 5 $ 2 8 . 4 $ 8 1 . 4 $ 8 3 . 4 $ 6 9 . 3 $ 8 0 3 $ 5 6 2 $ 1 6 2 $ 0 3 2 $ 4 3 1 $ 11 12 13 14 15 11 12 13 14 15 11 12 13 14 15 11 12 13 14 15 Financial Highlights Year Ended December 31, (Dollars in millions except for diluted EPS, financial leverage ratio, and percentages) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Net sales Income from operations (EBIT) 1 Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. 1 Diluted EPS 1 Diluted share count Free cash flow 1 Free cash flow as a % of net income 1 Total debt, including debt discount Financial leverage ratio 2 Stockholders’ equity 1 ROIC 1 $ 6,126 $ 6,579 $ 7,513 $ 7,890 $ 7,518 333 196 3.96 49.6 134 369 224 4.38 51.1 265 445 254 4.82 52.7 308 466 276 5.18 53.3 230 374 211 4.18 50.4 261 68% 118% 121% 84% 125% 825 2.3 1,919 1,662 1,586 1,665 4.7 3.2 3.0 3.8 1,346 1,576 1,765 1,928 1,774 11.9% 11.3% 9.9% 10.0% 7.8% 1 Non-GAAP financial measures are defined and reconciled on pages 100 and 101. 2012 and 2013 exclude the impact of a litigation matter. 2 Financial leverage is calculated by dividing total debt, including debt discount, by earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), excluding the impact of a litigation matter in 2012 and 2013. Portfolio 40% 9% 10% 11% 15% 15% Product Categories ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ General Supplies Communications & Security Wire, Cable & Conduit Electrical Distribution & Controls Lighting & Sustainability Automation, Controls & Motors 4% 21% 75% Geographies ■ ■ ■ United States Canada Rest of World 2015 Annual Report | A World of Solutions 1 To Our Shareholders, Employees, and Business Partners OUR RESULTS 2015 will be remembered as a year in which a stronger U.S. dollar and reduced global demand resulted in commodity deflation, sharply reduced production and capital spending, and a debate as to whether an industrial recession was underway. These challenges are reflected in our 2015 results, as our sales, profitability, and earnings per share declined versus prior year. In the face of these headwinds, we focused on what we could control and tightly managed our costs. We exited or consolidated 21 branches, including our operations in Brazil and Australia, and reduced our workforce by approximately 5%. It was not enough, however, to offset the impact on our profitability of 5% lower sales, including a significant devaluation in the Canadian dollar. At the same time, the best companies gain ground in the toughest of times, and we took important actions last year to improve WESCO’s competitive position and results in 2016 and beyond. • To deliver above-market sales growth, we continued to build out the Global Sales and Marketing organization, strengthening the front-end of our business to improve the execution of our One WESCO growth strategy. We implemented an enterprise-wide CRM platform, improved our sales planning and performance management system, developed new sales training programs, established category management teams, and enhanced our demand creation programs. • To deliver improved profitability, we established a new Global Supply Chain and Operations organization last year, which focused on simplifying and streamlining our business operations, improving our pricing with tools and analytics, and optimizing our supply base. Initial successes indicate that the organization will unlock incremental value going forward. • To support investments in our business and shareholder returns, we maintained a strong balance sheet and delivered our strongest free cash flow performance in five years at 125% of net income. We further invested in WESCO by completing three acquisitions that strengthened our electrical core in the U.S., while repurchasing 2.5 million shares of our stock. Strong free cash flow generation has been a hallmark of our company through all phases of the economic cycle. Economic and market conditions are expected to remain challenging in 2016 as the headwinds from low global growth continue. With the strongest team in place during my 12 years with WESCO, we remain focused on what we can control: improving the execution of our sales and profitability initiatives, while maintaining our strong free cash flow generation. OUR COMPETITIVE DIFFERENTIATORS • Products Our product portfolio has been diversified, through organic investments and acquisitions, to provide a more complete offering to our customers. We have strengthened our roots in electrical, while adding adjacent product categories to our portfolio. Today, we ship over one million products annually to our customers. • Services Our service capabilities have been expanded to provide a differentiated and higher-value proposition for our customers. These offerings range from classic distribution functions like inventory management, logistics, and warehousing to more value-added functions like kitting, pre-assembly, labor and supply chain outsourcing, capital project management, as well as lean applications for our customers’ operations and supply chains. • Footprint We are uniquely positioned to serve multi-location customers, whether it’s an industrial firm, a utility, a contractor, a commercial or institutional entity, or a governmental agency. We have a customer base that includes a majority of the Fortune 500 companies, and 2 WESCO International, Inc. we now have approximately 9,300 associates in 17 countries around the world, serving customers in more than twice that many countries. • Talent At the heart of it, we are a service company, a people business. We injected talent into our company over the past two years to support the significant organizational changes and streamlining actions undertaken. We strengthened our leadership team by adding new leaders for our U.S., Canada, and Integrated Supply businesses, along with the newly established, enterprise- wide Sales and Marketing, Supply Chain and Operations, and e-Commerce functions. We aspire to be the employer of choice in our industry. It’s all about attracting, developing, motivating, and retaining the best talent. Last year, we again increased our investments in mentoring, military veteran recruiting, and WESCO University training programs. We are pleased that WESCO’s ranking in Fortune Magazine’s World’s Most Admired Companies list for diversified wholesalers further improved in 2015. We also progressed on our diversity agenda and were recognized again by the 2020 Women on Boards campaign and the Women’s Forum of New York. • Culture Lean is at the heart of WESCO’s culture and core to how we do business. Now in the second decade of our lean journey, we have built an extensive set of continuous improvement tools and capabilities. We apply lean across our entire business, from sales and marketing to operations and administrative processes. Using our industry-leading Lean Value Creation Solutions, we help customers reduce their operating costs and improve productivity. Lean is a never-ending journey, and we see more improvement opportunities than ever. Social and environmental responsibility is essential to the long-term sustainability of our business. Over the past several years, we improved our energy efficiency, increased recycling, reduced waste generation, and reduced both greenhouse gas intensity and emissions. We’re also helping our customers make improvements in their operations in the areas of lighting, energy management, renewable energy, water and waste mitigation, and green procurement. Consistent with our lean principles, we will continue to measure our progress, seek improvement opportunities, and report on our performance. beyond the wholesale distribution industry average. While we are proud of these achievements, we believe that every incident is preventable, and we will not be satisfied until we achieve a zero incident rate environment. OUR STRATEGIES Our strategies are focused on consolidating our distribution industry, building scale, and providing a more complete offering of supply chain solutions for our customers. Increased scale enables greater market presence and efficiencies, which in turn enables higher profitability. Our distribution markets remain highly fragmented, providing WESCO with ample opportunity to play a consolidator role. As our customers outsource what is not core and rationalize their supply base into a smaller number of larger supplier relationships, they are driving consolidation through the value chain. The big are getting bigger, faster. We are well-positioned to benefit from this trend. • Accelerating One WESCO One WESCO, our customer-facing strategy, integrates our broad portfolio of products, services, and supplier relationships into comprehensive supply chain solutions for three customer demand streams: MRO indirect products and services, OEM direct materials and value-added assemblies, and capital projects for new construction, as well as retrofits, renovations, and upgrades. Through our One WESCO growth initiatives, we are expanding our business with existing customers and capturing new customers with our industry-leading offerings. • Strengthening Our Portfolio Over the years, we have been building scale and strengthening our portfolio, both organically and through acquisitions. Our current investments in talent and training are focused on attractive higher-growth categories, including solid state lighting, cloud computing, alternative energy, intelligent buildings, and Internet-of-Things applications for infrastructure improvements, enhanced security, and factory floor automation. Our acquisition priorities remain focused on consolidating core electrical in North America, expanding into adjacent product and service categories, and selectively establishing international operations to support our customer base. Last year, we successfully completed the acquisitions of Hill Country Electric Supply, Needham Electric Supply, and Lumigent/Aelux in the U.S. Our acquisition pipeline remains healthy, and we will remain a disciplined acquirer. Safety remains a priority and a company-wide responsibility at WESCO. Our goal is to provide a safe work environment for our employees and all those who visit our operations. In 2015, we achieved our sixth consecutive year of best ever safety performance, well • Streamlining Our Operations With approximately 500 branches and our highly automated distribution network, we are focused on effectively and efficiently serving our customers. Through lean initiatives, we continue to realize synergies. Since 2010, we have exited or consolidated 97 branches, while opening 47 new branches to support our customers. Over the last two years, we have also significantly increased our investments in e-commerce. Our newly expanded e-commerce team is implementing customized digital solutions for large strategic account customers, shifting repeat orders to the web, thus enabling our sales reps to capture additional One WESCO growth opportunities. Smaller customers are beginning to be served by our call center model, supported by our e-commerce platform. While early in our e-commerce journey, these initiatives will improve both our effectiveness in serving customers and our profitability. • Optimizing Our Global Supply Chain Our new global supply chain organization is focused on bringing best-in-class processes and tools and a more leveraged approach to managing our own supply chain. Historically, the majority of our supplier spend has been negotiated locally, and our internal supply chain resources have been transaction-oriented. We are now using big data and predictive analytics to reduce complexity, leverage spend, and ultimately grow the relationships with our strategic suppliers. We are at the beginning of a multi-year effort to better exercise our supply chain muscle. • Ensuring Effective Capital Allocation We generated over $1 billion of free cash over the last four years, underpinning the execution of our One WESCO strategy and required investments. Our cash deployment priorities have been consistent: to invest in organic growth opportunities, to fund accretive acquisitions, and to maintain our financial leverage within a range of 2.0 to 3.5 times total debt to EBITDA. At the end of 2014, we added a fourth priority when we launched a three-year $300 million share repurchase program. We invested $150 million in share buybacks last year, while continuing to invest in our business to support our shareholder return objectives. OUR FUTURE We are an industry leader with a proven business model and are playing a consolidator role in a fragmented industry. With a strong, capable, and committed management team focused on delivering results, we see excellent value creation potential as we execute our One WESCO growth strategy and deliver against four performance goals: sales growth above the market, double- digit EPS growth, free cash flow of at least 90% of net income, and superior investor returns. We are building a better WESCO: every person, every transaction, every day. 2015 Annual Report | A World of Solutions 3 IN APPRECIATION William Vareschi retired from the WESCO Board of Directors in May 2015 after providing 13 years of exceptional service. During his tenure, Bill served as Lead Director, Chairman of the Executive Committee, and member of the Audit Committee, as well as the Nominating and Governance Committee. On behalf of the Board of Directors and the entire WESCO management team, we thank Bill for his outstanding leadership, dedication, counsel, and invaluable contributions. Stephen Van Oss retired from the company in December 2015 after a successful 18-year career as Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and a member of the Board of Directors. On behalf of the Board of Directors and the entire WESCO management team, we thank Steve for his leadership, dedication, and the indelible mark that he left on WESCO. OUR COMMITMENTS To our customers, thank you for your business. We are committed to creating value in your operations and supply chains to enable you to perform at the highest level. We look forward to exceeding your expectations in 2016. To our employees, thank you for your dedication, engagement and extraordinary effort in providing outstanding service to our customers. You are the engine that drives WESCO and our competitive advantage. To our suppliers, thank you for your support and ongoing commitment. We are focused on combining our capabilities with yours to provide complete solutions for our customers. Together, we look forward to excelling in 2016. To our shareholders, thank you for your continued investments and confidence. We are committed to continuing to strengthen our business and to increasing shareholder value. John J. Engel Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer 4 WESCO International, Inc. A World of Solutions O U R F R A M E W O R K F O R G R O W T H The foundation of WESCO’s market leadership is our broad product portfolio, the value- added services we provide, and the relationships we form. Getting to know our customers, anticipating their needs, improving their operations, and reducing their costs are critical components of how we do business. With one million products, 25,000 suppliers, and 9,300 employees dedicated to providing supply chain solutions to 80,000 customers, WESCO is a leader in providing supply chain solutions to help customers operate their businesses more efficiently and profitably. All Around the World WESCO has operations in 17 countries around the world, partnering with many Fortune 1,000 companies that need a global strategic partner to efficiently and consistently support their operations wherever they are located. We offer a wide range of solutions to help our customers manage their MRO indirect spend— everything from cost-effective supply agreements to full turn-key outsourcing. We provide product and service solutions to deliver successful capital projects, including new construction, retrofits, renovations, and upgrades. We also work to support our customers’ manufacturing operations by providing OEM materials and value-added services. Among WESCO’s broad service offerings are our Lean Value Creation Solutions. Designed with our customers’ needs in mind, our ever-expanding value-added services addressing capital project management, sustainability, security, working capital improvement, and supply chain optimization have improved the operations of some of the world’s leading companies. Our One WESCO strategy is enabling us to expand the portfolio of solutions that we provide to our customers, helping us to gain share and strengthen our relationships. 2015 Annual Report | A World of Solutions 5 A Cleaner World From the challenges in coal power to the advancements in wind, solar, and energy storage, the utility industry continues to change. Market conditions and the regulatory environment, including the EPA’s Clean Power Plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from existing power generators by 32% by 2030, are making it necessary for utilities to invest in upgrades and modernize their generation plants and transmission and distribution grids. With deep supplier relationships and a diverse product portfolio, WESCO is helping utilities manage equipment replacement and upgrades, while providing the resources to better manage their supply chains. A Safer World Security concerns around the world have generated a higher demand for advanced solutions that can help detect threats, prevent theft, and keep people safe. From banking, retail, and corporate campuses to government, education, healthcare, airports, and public transportation, a wide range of industries want the most up-to-date and advanced technologies in video security and access control solutions. WESCO has partnered with leading technology companies to deliver premier security solutions, including IP and analog cameras, video management systems, access control, low-voltage cable, and servers and storage. We help our customers determine the most effective solutions for their security and monitoring needs. A Connected World The Internet of Things is changing industrial automation and manufacturing. The expanded capabilities of smart, connected products and the real-time data they generate enable manufacturers to make more informed business decisions that result in better performance, reduced downtime, increased quality, and lower overall costs. These interconnected systems are enabling companies to rethink and retool the factory floor. WESCO partners with the global leaders in automation and information technology to provide customers with the tools they need to successfully deploy the latest technologies and improve their businesses. 6 WESCO International, Inc. APPROXIMATELY 500 LOCATIONS AROUND THE WORLD CANADA U.S.A. MEXICO ECUADOR PERU CHILE SCOTLAND IRELAND ENGLAND SPAIN POLAND BELGIUM UAE CHINA THAILAND SINGAPORE ANGOLA CORPORATE PROFILE WESCO International, Inc. (NYSE: WCC), a publicly traded Fortune 500 holding company headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a leading provider of electrical, industrial, and communications maintenance, repair and operating (MRO) and original equipment manufacturers (OEM) products, construction materials, and advanced supply chain management and logistic services. 2015 annual sales were approximately $7.5 billion. The company employs approximately 9,300 people, maintains relationships with over 25,000 suppliers, and serves over 80,000 active customers worldwide. Customers include commercial and industrial businesses, contractors, government agencies, institutions, telecommunications providers, and utilities. WESCO operates nine fully automated distribution centers and approximately 500 full-service branches in North America and international markets, providing a local presence for customers and a global network to serve multi-location businesses and multi-national corporations. 2015 Annual Report 7 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) [x] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 or [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from ___ to ___ Commission file number 001-14989 WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 25-1723342 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 225 West Station Square Drive Suite 700 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Address of principal executive offices) 15219 (Zip Code) (412) 454-2200 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT: Title of Class Common Stock, par value $.01 per share Name of Exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: NONE Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES [X] NO [ ] Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. YES [ ] NO [X] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for at least the past 90 days. YES [X] NO [ ] Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such file). YES [X] NO [ ] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one): LARGE ACCELERATED FILER [X] ACCELERATED FILER [ ] NON-ACCELERATED FILER [ ] SMALLER REPORTING COMPANY [ ] (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). YES [ ] NO [X] The registrant estimates that the aggregate market value of the voting shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $2,969.5 million as of June 30, 2015, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, based on the closing price on the New York Stock Exchange for such stock. As of February 19, 2016, 42,198,471 shares of Common Stock, par value $.01 per share, of the registrant were outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for its 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. 8 WESCO International, Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. PART II Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. Item 7A. Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 9B. PART III Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. PART IV Item 15. Signatures Exhibits Exhibit 21.1 Exhibit 23.1 Exhibit 31.1 Exhibit 31.2 Exhibit 32.1 Exhibit 32.2 Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures 9 17 22 22 23 23 Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 24 26 Selected Financial Data 27 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 43 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks 44 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 85 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 85 Controls and Procedures 85 Other Information Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accountant Fees and Services Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 86 86 87 87 87 88 92 94 95 96 97 98 99 2015 Annual Report 9 PART I Item 1. Business. In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, “WESCO” refers to WESCO International, Inc., and its subsidiaries and its predecessors unless the context otherwise requires. References to “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to WESCO and its subsidiaries. THE COMPANY WESCO International, Inc. (“WESCO International”), incorporated in 1993 and effectively formed in February 1994 upon acquiring a distribution business from Westinghouse Electric Corporation, is a leading North American based distributor of products and provider of advanced supply chain management and logistics services used primarily in industrial, construction, utility and commercial, institutional and government (“CIG”) markets. We are a leading provider of electrical, industrial, and communications maintenance, repair and operating (“MRO”) and original equipment manufacturers (“OEM”) products, construction materials, and advanced supply chain management and logistics services. Our primary product categories include general electrical and industrial supplies, wire, cable and conduit, data and broadband communications, power distribution equipment, lighting and lighting control systems, control and automation, motors, and safety. We serve over 80,000 active customers globally through approximately 500 full service branches primarily located in North America, with operations in 14 additional countries and nine distribution centers located in the United States and Canada. The Company employs approximately 9,300 employees worldwide. We distribute over 1,000,000 products, grouped into six categories, from more than 25,000 suppliers utilizing a highly automated, proprietary electronic procurement and inventory replenishment system. In addition, we offer a comprehensive portfolio of value-added capabilities, which includes supply chain management, logistics and transportation, procurement, warehousing and inventory management, as well as kitting, limited assembly of products and system installation. Our value-added capabilities, extensive geographic reach, experienced workforce and broad product and supply chain solutions have enabled us to grow our business and establish a leading position in North America. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW We operate in highly fragmented markets that include thousands of small regional and locally based, privately owned competitors. According to one industry publication, in 2014, the latest year for which market share data is available, the five largest North American electrical distributors, including WESCO, accounted for approximately 31% of an estimated $100 billion-plus in electrical sales in North America. Our global account, integrated supply and OEM programs provide customers with regional, national, North American and global supply chain consolidation opportunities. The demand for these programs has grown in recent years, driven primarily by the desire of companies to reduce operating expenses by outsourcing operational and administrative functions associated with the procurement, management and utilization of MRO supplies and OEM components. We believe that significant opportunities exist for further expansion of these programs. The total potential in the United States for purchases of MRO and OEM supplies and services across all industrial distribution market segments and channels is estimated to be greater than $500 billion per an industry study. According to a recent publication, despite weakness in commodity-driven end markets, electrical distribution industry sales grew approximately 4% this year following a similar rate last year. This expansion has been driven by the increased use of electrical products in businesses and industries, new products and technologies, the proliferation of enhanced building and safety codes, and use of the Internet. Wholesale distributors have also grown as a result of a long-term shift in procurement preferences that favor the use of distributors over direct relationships with manufacturers. It is estimated that approximately 75% of electrical products sold in the United States are delivered to the end user through the distribution channel. 10 WESCO International, Inc. MARKETS AND CUSTOMERS We have a large base of over 80,000 active customers across a diverse set of end markets. Our top ten customers accounted for approximately 11% of our sales in 2015. No one customer accounted for more than 2% of our sales in 2015. The following table outlines our sales breakdown by end market: Year Ended December 31, (percentages based on total sales) Industrial Construction Utility Commercial, Institutional and Governmental 2015 2014 2013 39% 32% 15% 14% 42% 31% 14% 13% 43% 32% 13% 12% Industrial. Sales to industrial customers of MRO, OEM, and construction products and services accounted for approximately 39% of our sales in 2015, compared to 42% in 2014. Industrial sales product categories include a broad range of electrical equipment and supplies as well as lubricants, pipe, valves, fittings, fasteners, cutting tools, power transmission, and safety products. In addition, OEM customers require a reliable supply of assemblies and components to incorporate into their own products as well as value-added services such as supplier consolidation, design and technical support, just-in-time supply and electronic commerce, and supply chain management. Construction. Sales of electrical and communications products to contractors accounted for approximately 32% of our sales in 2015, compared to 31% in 2014. Customers include a wide array of contractors and engineering, procurement and construction firms for industrial, infrastructure, commercial and data and broadband communications projects. Specific applications include projects for refineries, railways, hospitals, wastewater treatment facilities, data centers, security installations, offices, and modular and mobile homes. In addition to a wide array of electrical products, we offer contractors communications products for projects related to IT/network modernization, physical security upgrades, broadband deployments, network security, and disaster recovery. Utility. Sales to utilities and utility contractors accounted for approximately 15% of our sales in 2015, compared to 14% in 2014. Customers include large investor-owned utilities, rural electric cooperatives, municipal power authorities and contractors that serve these customers. We provide our utility customers with products and services to support the construction and maintenance of their generation, transmission and distribution systems along with an extensive range of products that meet their power plant MRO and capital projects needs. Materials management and procurement outsourcing arrangements are also important in this market, as cost pressures and deregulation have caused utility customers to seek improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of their supply chains. Commercial, Institutional and Governmental. Sales to CIG customers accounted for approximately 14% of our sales in 2015, compared to 13% in 2014. Customers include schools, hospitals, property management firms, retailers and federal, state and local government agencies of all types, including federal contractors. BUSINESS STRATEGY Our goal is to grow organically at a rate greater than that of our industry while making accretive acquisitions. Our organic growth strategy focuses on enhancing our sales and customer service capabilities to acquire new customers and develop new end markets, broaden our product and service offerings and expand our geographic footprint. We utilize LEAN continuous improvement initiatives on a company-wide basis to deliver operational excellence and improve productivity. We also extend our LEAN initiatives to customers to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their operations and supply chains. In addition, we seek to generate a distinct competitive advantage through talent management and employee development processes and programs. We have identified certain growth engines that we believe provide substantial opportunities for above-market growth, and have developed strategies to address each of these areas of opportunity. These growth engines are a combination of business models, selected end markets and product categories, as discussed below. 2015 Annual Report 11 Grow Our Global Account Customer Relationships and Base. Our typical global account customer is a large, multi- location industrial or commercial company, a large utility, a major contractor, or a governmental or institutional customer. Our global account program is designed to provide customers with supply chain management services and cost reductions by coordinating and standardizing activity for MRO materials and OEM direct materials across their multiple locations, utilizing our broad geographic footprint and our largely integrated information technology platform. Comprehensive account plans are developed and managed at the local, national and international levels to prioritize activities, identify key performance measures, and track progress against objectives. We involve our preferred suppliers early in the implementation process to contribute expertise and product knowledge to accelerate program implementation and delivery of cost savings and process improvements. We plan to continue to expand our product and service offerings to existing global account customers, and increase our reach to serve additional customer locations. We plan on expanding our customer base by capitalizing on our industry expertise and supply chain optimization capabilities. Extend Our Position in Integrated Supply Programs. Our integrated supply programs focus on optimizing the supply chain and replacing the traditional multi-vendor, resource-intensive procurement process with a single, outsourced, automated process. Each integrated supply program employs our product and distribution expertise to reduce the number of suppliers, total procurement costs, and administrative expenses, while meeting the customers’ service needs and improving their operating controls. We believe that large customers will seek to utilize such services to consolidate and simplify their MRO and OEM supply chains. We are expanding our position in North America as an integrated supply service provider by building upon established relationships within our large customer base and premier supplier network, and extending our services to additional customers and locations around the world. Our services are offered across all four of our end markets (industrial, construction, utility and CIG). Expand Our Relationships with Construction Contractors. We support new construction, renovation and retrofit projects across a wide variety of vertical markets, including manufacturing, healthcare, education, enterprise data communications, telecommunications, energy and government infrastructure. We believe that significant cross selling opportunities exist for our electrical and communications products and expertise, and we plan to use our global account and integrated supply programs, LEAN initiatives and project management expertise to capitalize on new non-residential construction opportunities. Expand Products and Services for Utilities. Our investor-owned, public power and utility contractor customers continue to focus on improving grid reliability and operating efficiency, while reducing costs. As a result, we anticipate an increase in distribution grid improvement and transmission expansion projects as well as the adoption of integrated supply programs. Accordingly, we are focused on expanding our logistical and project services and supply chain management programs to increase our scope of supply on distribution grid, generation and other energy projects, including alternative energy projects. Investing in Industrial MRO and Safety. Our sales of industrial maintenance, repair, and operating supply (MRO) materials include a broad range of electrical and non-electrical products used in the ongoing maintenance and repair of equipment used in production processes. These products are also used for facility upkeep in manufacturing, commercial, institutional, and other operations. In addition, through two acquisitions, we have expanded our safety products, personal protection safety equipment, first aid supplies, and OSHA compliance categories to complement the industrial MRO product lines. Expand International Operations. We seek to capitalize on existing and emerging international market opportunities through the expansion of our global product and service platforms. We follow large existing global customers into international markets, extending our procurement outsourcing, integrated supply programs and supplier relationships. Once established, we also seek to develop new business opportunities in these markets. We believe this strategy of working with well-developed customer and supplier relationships significantly reduces risk and provides the opportunity to establish profitable business. Our priorities are focused on global vertical markets including energy, mining and metals, manufacturing, and infrastructure, as well as key product categories such as communications and security. 12 WESCO International, Inc. Grow Our Communications Products Position. Over the last several years, there has been a convergence of electrical and data communications contractors. Our ability to provide both electrical and communications products and services lines as well as automation, electromechanical, non-electrical MRO, physical security and utility products has presented cross selling opportunities across WESCO. Communications products are in continual demand due to network upgrades, low voltage security investments, data center upgrades and increasing broadband and telecommunications usage. Grow Lighting System and Sustainability Sales. Lighting applications are undergoing significant innovation, driven by energy efficiency and sustainability trends. We have expanded our sales team and marketing initiatives and increased our presence and customer base with the acquisition of Needham Electric Supply. We expect to continue to add product and service offerings to provide lighting and energy-saving solutions. Pursue Strategic Acquisitions. In 2015, we acquired two businesses: Hill Country Electric Supply and Needham Electric Supply. Since 2010, we have made thirteen acquisitions that have helped us to extend our product and services portfolio into adjacencies such as safety equipment and lighting. Over the years, these acquisitions have also increased our customer base and have been an important source of talent. We believe that the highly fragmented nature of the electrical and industrial distribution industry will continue to provide acquisition opportunities. Drive Operational Excellence. LEAN continuous improvement is a set of company-wide strategic initiatives to increase efficiency and effectiveness across the entire business enterprise, including sales, operations and administrative processes. The basic principles behind LEAN are to systematically identify and implement improvements through simplification, elimination of waste and reduction in errors. We apply LEAN in our distribution environment, and develop and deploy numerous initiatives through the Kaizen approach targeting improvements in sales, margin, warehouse operations, transportation, purchasing, working capital management and administrative processes. Our objective is to continue to implement LEAN initiatives across our business enterprise and to extend LEAN services to our customers and suppliers. Talent Management. We seek to develop a distinct competitive advantage through talent management and employee engagement and development. We believe our ability to attract, develop and retain diverse human capital is imperative to ongoing business success. We improve workforce capability through various programs and processes that identify, recruit, develop and promote our talent base. Significant enhancements in these programs have been made over the last several years, and we expect to continue to refine and enhance these programs in the future. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Products Our network of branches and distribution centers stock approximately 250,000 unique product stock keeping units and we provide customers with access to more than 1,000,000 different products. Each branch tailors its inventory to meet the needs of its local customers. Representative product categories and associated product lines that we offer include: • General and Industrial Supplies. Wiring devices, fuses, terminals, connectors, boxes, enclosures, fittings, lugs, terminations, tape, splicing and marking equipment, tools and testers, safety and security, personal protection, abrasives, cutting tools, tapes, consumables, fasteners, janitorial and other MRO supplies; • Wire, Cable and Conduit. Wire, cable, raceway, metallic and non-metallic conduit; • Data and Broadband Communications. Structured cabling systems, broadband products, low voltage specialty systems, specialty wire and cable products, equipment racks and cabinets, access control, alarms, cameras, paging and voice solutions; • Power Distribution Equipment. Circuit breakers, transformers, switchboards, panel boards, metering products and busway products; • Lighting and Controls. Lamps, fixtures, ballasts and lighting control products; and • Control, Automation and Motors. Motor control devices, drives, surge and power protection, relays, timers, pushbuttons, operator interfaces, switches, sensors, and interconnects. The following table sets forth sales information about our sales by product category: Year Ended December 31, (percentages based on total sales) General and Industrial Supplies Wire, Cable and Conduit Data and Broadband Communications Power Distribution Equipment Lighting and Controls Control, Automation and Motors 2015 Annual Report 13 2015 2014 2013 40% 15% 15% 11% 10% 9% 40% 16% 14% 11% 10% 9% 40% 16% 14% 11% 10% 9% We purchase products from a diverse group of more than 25,000 suppliers. In 2015, our ten largest suppliers accounted for approximately 32% of our purchases. Our largest supplier in 2015 was Eaton Corporation, accounting for approximately 11% of our purchases. No other supplier accounted for more than 5% of our total purchases. Our supplier relationships are important to us, providing access to a wide range of products, technical training, and sales and marketing support. We have approximately 300 preferred supplier arrangements with more than 200 firms and purchase nearly 60% of our products pursuant to these arrangements. Consistent with industry practice, most of our agreements with suppliers, including both distribution agreements and preferred supplier agreements, are terminable by either party on 60 days notice or less. Services As part of our overall offering, we provide customers a comprehensive portfolio of value added services which includes more than 50 value add solutions in 10 categories including construction, e-commerce, energy and sustainability, engineering services, production support, safety and security, supply chain optimization, training, and working capital. These solutions are designed to address our customers’ business needs through: • Technical support for operational and transactional process improvements; • Inventory optimization programs, including just-in-time delivery and vendor managed inventory; • Collaborative, cross-functional, cost savings teams; • Dedicated on-site support personnel; • Consultation on energy-efficient product upgrades; and • Safety and product training for customer employees. COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS We compete directly with global, national, regional and local distributors of electrical and other industrial supplies, along with buying groups formed by smaller distributors. Competition is primarily focused on the local service area, and is generally based on product line breadth, product availability, service capabilities and price. Although certain Internet-based procurement service companies, auction businesses and trade exchanges remain in the marketplace, the impact on our business from these competitors has not been significant. We believe that our market leadership, broad product offering and value-added services, extensive distribution network and low-cost operator status provide distinct competitive advantages. Market Leadership. Our ability to manage complex global supply chains, multi-site facility maintenance programs and construction projects, requiring special sourcing, technical advice, logistical support and locally based service, has enabled us to establish a strong presence in the competitively-fragmented North American electrical distribution market. 14 WESCO International, Inc. Broad Product Offering and Value-added Services. We provide a wide range of products, services and procurement solutions, which draw on our product knowledge, supply and logistics expertise, system capabilities and supplier relationships to enable our customers to maximize productivity, minimize waste, improve efficiencies, reduce costs and enhance safety. Our broad product offering and stable source of supply enables us to consistently meet customers’ wide-ranging capital project, product, MRO and OEM requirements. Extensive Distribution Network. We operate approximately 500 geographically dispersed branch locations and nine distribution centers (five in the United States and four in Canada). Our distribution centers add value for our customers, suppliers, and branches through the combination of a broad and deep selection of inventory, online ordering and next-day shipment capabilities, and central order handling and fulfillment. Our distribution center network reduces the lead time and cost of supply chain activities through its automated replenishment and warehouse management system, and provides economies of scale in purchasing, inventory management, administration and transportation. This extensive network, which would be difficult and expensive to replicate, allows us to: • Enhance localized customer service, technical support and sales coverage; • Tailor individual branch products and services to local customer needs; and • Offer multi-site distribution capabilities to large customers and global accounts. Low-Cost Operator. Our competitiveness has been enhanced by our consistent favorable operating cost position, which is based on the use of LEAN, strategically-located distribution centers, and purchasing economies of scale. As a result of these and other factors, our operating cost as a percentage of sales is one of the lowest in our industry. Our selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues for 2015 were 14.0%. GEOGRAPHY Our network of branches and distribution centers are located primarily in North America. We attribute revenues from external customers to individual countries on the basis of the point of sale. The following table sets forth information about us by geographic area: Net Sales Year Ended December 31, Long-Lived Assets December 31, 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 (in thousands) United States $ 5,665,962 75% $ 5,618,240 71% $ 5,275,275 70% $ 157,570 $ 127,670 $ 137,904 Canada Mexico Subtotal North American Operations 1,533,705 21% 1,899,173 24% 1,882,313 25% 63,088 80,080 93,642 70,048 1% 95,585 1% 90,152 1% 332 442 615 7,269,715 7,612,998 7,247,740 220,990 208,192 232,161 Other International 248,772 3% 276,628 4% 265,602 4% 5,369 8,213 11,115 Total $ 7,518,487 $ 7,889,626 $ 7,513,342 $ 226,359 $ 216,405 $ 243,276 United States. To serve our customers in the United States, we operate a network of approximately 350 branches supported by five distribution centers located in Pennsylvania, Nevada, Mississippi, Wisconsin and Arkansas. Sales in the United States represented approximately 75% of our total sales in 2015. According to the Electrical Wholesaling Magazine, the U.S. electrical wholesale distribution industry had estimated sales of approximately $100 billion in 2015. Canada. To serve our Canadian customers, we operate a network of approximately 125 branches in nine provinces. Branch operations are supported by four distribution centers located in Alberta, Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia. Sales in Canada represented approximately 21% of our total sales in 2015. Total annual electrical industry sales in Canada were approximately $7.2 billion in 2015 according to a recent publication. Mexico. We have 9 branch locations in Mexico. Our headquarters in Tlalnepantla Estado de Mexico operates similar to a distribution center to enhance the service capabilities of the local branches. Sales in Mexico represented approximately 1% of our total sales in 2015. 2015 Annual Report 15 Other International. We sell to global customers through export sales offices located in Miami, Houston, Pittsburgh, Montreal, and Calgary within North America and sales offices and branch operations in various international locations. Sales from other international locations represented approximately 3% of our total sales in 2015. Our branches in Aberdeen, Scotland, Dublin, Ireland and Manchester, England support sales efforts in Europe and the Middle East. We have branches in Singapore and Thailand to support our sales to Asia and a branch near Shanghai to serve customers in China along with operations in eight additional countries. Many of our international locations have been established to serve our growing list of customers with global operations. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY We currently have trademarks, patents and service marks registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and Canadian Intellectual Property Office. The trademarks and service marks registered in the U.S. include: “WESCO®”, our corporate logo and the running man logo. The Company’s “EECOL” trademark is registered in Canada. In addition, trademarks, patents, and service mark applications have been filed in various foreign jurisdictions, including Canada, Mexico, Chile, the United Kingdom, Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Thailand and the European Community. ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS Our facilities and operations are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. Some of these laws and regulations may impose strict, joint and several liabilities on certain persons for the cost of investigation or remediation of contaminated properties. These persons may include former, current or future owners or operators of properties and persons who arranged for the disposal of hazardous substances. Our owned and leased real property may give rise to such investigation, remediation and monitoring liabilities under environmental laws. In addition, anyone disposing of certain products we distribute, such as ballasts, fluorescent lighting and batteries, must comply with environmental laws that regulate certain materials in these products. We believe that we are in compliance, in all material respects, with applicable environmental laws. As a result, we do not anticipate making significant capital expenditures for environmental control matters either in the current year or in the near future. SEASONALITY Our operating results are not significantly affected by seasonal factors. Sales during the first quarter are affected by a reduced level of activity. Sales during the second, third and fourth quarters are generally 5 - 7% higher than the first quarter. Sales typically increase beginning in March, with slight fluctuations per month through October. During periods of economic expansion or contraction our sales by quarter have varied significantly from this seasonal pattern. WEBSITE ACCESS Our Internet address is www.wesco.com. Information contained on our website is not part of, and should not be construed as being incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We make available free of charge under the “Investors” heading on our website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as well as our Proxy Statements, as soon as reasonably practicable after such documents are electronically filed or furnished, as applicable, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You also may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549-0213. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers like us who file electronically with the SEC. In addition, our charters for our Executive Committee, Nominating and Governance Committee, Audit Committee and Compensation Committee, as well as our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Principles for Senior Executives, Independence Policy, Global Anti-Corruption Policy, and Code of Business Ethics and Conduct for our Directors, officers and employees, are all available on our website in the “Corporate Governance” link under the “Investors” heading. 16 WESCO International, Inc. FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains various “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve certain unknown risks and uncertainties, including, among others, those contained in Item 1, “Business,” Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” When used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the words “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “intends,” “expects,” “projects,” “will” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such words. Such statements, including, but not limited to, our statements regarding business strategy, growth strategy, competitive strengths, productivity and profitability enhancement, competition, new product and service introductions and liquidity and capital resources are based on management’s beliefs, as well as on assumptions made by and information currently available to, management, and involve various risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. Our actual results could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us or on our behalf. In light of these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking information will in fact prove to be accurate. We have undertaken no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS Our executive officers and their respective ages and positions as of February 22, 2016, are set forth below. Name John J. Engel Timothy A. Hibbard Diane E. Lazzaris Kenneth S. Parks Kimberly G. Windrow Age 54 59 49 52 58 Position Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Vice President and Corporate Controller Senior Vice President and General Counsel Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resource Officer Set forth below is biographical information for our executive officers listed above. John J. Engel was appointed Chairman of the Board in May 2011 and has served as President and Chief Executive Officer since September 2009. Previously, Mr. Engel served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from 2004 to September 2009. From 2003 to 2004, Mr. Engel served as Senior Vice President and General Manager of Gateway, Inc. From 1999 to 2002, Mr. Engel served as an Executive Vice President and Senior Vice President of Perkin Elmer, Inc. From 1994 to 1999, Mr. Engel served as a Vice President and General Manager of Allied Signal, Inc. and held various engineering, manufacturing and general management positions at General Electric Company from 1985 to 1994. Mr. Engel is also a director of United States Steel Corporation and chairman of its audit committee. Timothy A. Hibbard was appointed as our Vice President and Corporate Controller in February 2012. From 2006 to February 2012, he served as our Corporate Controller. From 2002 to 2006, he served as Corporate Controller at Kennametal Inc. From 2000 to 2002, Mr. Hibbard served as Director of Finance of Kennametal’s Advanced Materials Solutions Group, and, from 1998 to 2000, he served as Controller of Greenfield Industries, Inc., a subsidiary of Kennametal Inc. Diane E. Lazzaris has served as our Senior Vice President and General Counsel since January 2014, and from February 2010 to December 2013 she served as our Vice President, Legal Affairs. From 2008 to 2010, Ms. Lazzaris served as Senior Vice President - Legal, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Dick’s Sporting Goods, Inc. From 1994 to 2008, she held various corporate counsel positions at Alcoa Inc., most recently as Group Counsel to a group of global businesses. Kenneth S. Parks has served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since January 2014, and from June 2012 to December 2013 he served as our Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. From April 2008 to February 2012, he served as Vice President of Finance of United Technologies Corporation for their global Fire and Security business. From 2005 to 2008, he served as Director of Investor Relations of United Technologies Corporation. He began his career in public accounting with Coopers & Lybrand. 2015 Annual Report 17 Kimberly G. Windrow has served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer since January 2014, and from August 2010 to December 2013 she served as our Vice President, Human Resources. From 2004 until July 2010, Ms. Windrow served as Senior Vice President of Human Resources for The McGraw Hill Companies in the education segment. From 2001 until 2004, she served as Senior Vice President of Human Resources for The MONY Group, and from 1988 until 2000, she served in various Human Resource positions at Willis, Inc. Item 1A. Risk Factors. The following factors, among others, could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements we make. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons working on our behalf are expressly qualified by the following factors. This information should be read in conjunction with Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks and the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Form 10-K. Adverse conditions in the global economy and disruptions of financial markets could negatively impact our results of operations. Our results of operations are affected by the level of business activity of our customers, which in turn is affected by global economic conditions and market factors impacting the industries and markets that they serve. Certain global economies and markets continue to experience significant uncertainty and volatility, particularly commodity-driven end markets such as oil and gas and metals and mining. Adverse economic conditions or lack of liquidity in these markets, particularly in North America, may adversely affect our revenues and operating results. Economic and financial market conditions also affect the availability of financing for projects and for our customers’ capital or other expenditures, which can result in project delays or cancellations and thus affect demand for our products. There can be no assurance that any governmental responses to economic conditions or disruptions in the financial markets ultimately will stabilize the markets or increase our customers’ liquidity or the availability of credit to our customers. Should one or more of our larger customers declare bankruptcy, it could adversely affect the collectability of our accounts receivable, bad debt reserves and net income. In addition, our ability to access the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to do so. The global economic and financial environment also may affect our business and financial condition in ways that we currently cannot predict, and there can be no assurance that global economic and market conditions will not adversely affect our results of operations, cash flow or financial position in the future. Fluctuations of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies could negatively affect our business, financial results and liquidity. Certain events or conditions, including a failure or breach of our information security systems, could lead to interruptions in our operations, which may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We operate a number of facilities and we coordinate company activities, including information technology systems and administrative services and the like, through our headquarters operations. Our operations depend on our ability to maintain existing systems and implement new technology, which includes allocating sufficient resources to periodically upgrade our information technology systems, and to protect our equipment and the information stored in our databases against both manmade and natural disasters, as well as power losses, computer and telecommunications failures, technological breakdowns, unauthorized intrusions, cyber-attacks, and other events. Conversions to new information technology systems may result in cost overruns, delays or business interruptions. If our information technology systems are disrupted, become obsolete or do not adequately support our strategic, operational or compliance needs, it could result in competitive disadvantage and adversely affect our financial results and business operations, including our ability to process orders, receive and ship products, maintain inventories, collect accounts receivable and pay expenses. 18 WESCO International, Inc. Because we rely heavily on information technology both in serving our customers and in our enterprise infrastructure in order to achieve our objectives, we may be vulnerable to damage or intrusion from a variety of cyber-attacks including computer viruses, worms or other malicious software programs that access our systems. Despite the precautions we take to mitigate the risks of such events, an attack on our enterprise information technology system could result in theft or disclosure of our proprietary or confidential information or a breach of confidential customer, supplier or employee information. Such events could have an adverse impact on revenue, harm our reputation, and cause us to incur legal liability and costs, which could be significant, to address and remediate such events and related security concerns. We also depend on accessible office facilities, distribution centers and information technology data centers for our operations to function properly. An interruption of operations at any of our distribution centers could have a material adverse effect on the operations of branches served by the affected distribution center. Such disaster related risks and effects are not predictable with certainty and, although they typically can be mitigated, they cannot be eliminated. We seek to mitigate our exposures to disaster events in a number of ways. For example, where feasible, we design the configuration of our facilities to reduce the consequences of disasters. We also maintain insurance for our facilities against casualties and we evaluate our risks and develop contingency plans for dealing with them. Although we have reviewed and analyzed a broad range of risks applicable to our business, the ones that actually affect us may not be those we have concluded most likely to occur. Furthermore, although our reviews have led to more systematic contingency planning, our plans are in varying stages of development and execution, such that they may not be adequate at the time of occurrence for the magnitude of any particular disaster event that befalls us. Loss of key suppliers, product cost fluctuations, lack of product availability or inefficient supply chain operations could decrease sales and earnings. Most of our agreements with suppliers are terminable by either party on 60 days’ notice or less. Our ten largest suppliers in 2015 accounted for approximately 32% of our purchases for the period. Our largest supplier in 2015 was Eaton Corporation, accounting for approximately 11% of our purchases. The loss of, or a substantial decrease in the availability of, products from any of these suppliers, a supplier’s change in sales strategy to rely less on distribution channels, the loss of key preferred supplier agreements, or disruptions in a key supplier’s operations could have a material adverse effect on our business. Supply interruptions could arise from shortages of raw materials, effects of economic or financial market conditions on a supplier’s operations, labor disputes or weather conditions affecting products or shipments, transportation disruptions, information system disruptions or other reasons beyond our control. In addition, certain of our products, such as wire and conduit, are commodity-price-based products and may be subject to significant price fluctuations which are beyond our control. While increases in the cost of energy or products could have adverse effects, decreases in those costs, particularly if severe, could also adversely impact us by creating deflation in selling prices, which could cause our gross profit margin to deteriorate. Fluctuations in energy or raw materials costs can also adversely affect our customers. The recent declines in oil and gas prices have negatively impacted our customers operating in those industries and, consequently, our sales to those customers. Furthermore, we cannot be certain that particular products or product lines will be available to us, or available in quantities sufficient to meet customer demand. Such limited product access could cause us to be at a competitive disadvantage. The profitability of our business is also dependent upon the efficiency of our supply chain. An inefficient or ineffective supply chain strategy or operations could increase operational costs, reduce profit margins and adversely affect our business. Expansion into new business activities, industries, product lines or geographic areas could subject the company to increased costs and risks and may not achieve the intended results. Engaging in or significantly expanding business activities in product sourcing, sales and services could subject the company to unexpected costs and risks. Such activities could subject us to increased operating costs, product liability, regulatory requirements and reputational risks. Our expansion into new and existing markets, including manufacturing related or regulated businesses, may present competitive, distribution and regulatory challenges that differ from current ones. We may be less familiar with the target customers and may face different or additional risks, as well as increased or unexpected costs, compared to existing operations. Growth into new markets may also bring us into direct competition with companies with whom we have little or no past experience as competitors. To the extent we are reliant upon expansion into 2015 Annual Report 19 new geographic, industry and product markets for growth and do not meet the new challenges posed by such expansion, our future sales growth could be negatively impacted, our operating costs could increase, and our business operations and financial results could be negatively affected. Fluctuations in foreign currency have an effect on reported results from operations. The results of our foreign operations are reported in the local currency and then translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable exchange rates for inclusion in our consolidated financial statements. The exchange rates between some of these currencies and the U.S. dollar have fluctuated significantly in recent years, and may continue to do so in the future. In addition, because our financial statements are stated in U.S. dollars, such fluctuations may affect our results of operations and financial position, and may affect the comparability of our results between financial periods. Changes in tax laws or challenges to the Company’s tax positions by taxing authorities could adversely impact the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. We are subject to taxes in jurisdictions in which we do business, including but not limited to taxes imposed on our income, receipts, stockholders’ equity, property, sales, purchases and payroll. As a result, the tax expense we incur can be adversely affected by changes in tax law. We frequently cannot anticipate these changes in tax law, which can cause unexpected volatility in our results from operations. While not limited to the United States and Canada, changes in the tax law at the federal and state/provincial levels in the United States and Canada can have a materially adverse effect on our results from operations. Additionally, the tax laws to which the Company is subject are inherently complex and ambiguous. Therefore, we must interpret the applicable laws and make subjective judgments about the expected outcome upon challenge by the applicable taxing authorities. As a result, the impact on our results from operations of the application of enacted tax laws to our facts and circumstances is frequently uncertain. If a tax authority successfully challenges our interpretation and application of the tax law to our facts and circumstances, there can be no assurance that we can accurately predict the outcome and the taxes ultimately owed upon effective settlement may differ from the tax expense recognized in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income (loss) and accrued in our consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, if we cannot meet liquidity requirements in the United States, we may have to repatriate funds from overseas, which would result in a United States tax liability on the amount repatriated. An increase in competition could decrease sales or earnings. We operate in a highly competitive industry and compete directly with global, national, regional and local providers of our products and services. Some of our existing competitors have, and new market entrants may have, greater resources than us. Competition is primarily focused in the local service area and is generally based on product line breadth, product availability, service capabilities and price. Other sources of competition are buying groups formed by smaller distributors to increase purchasing power and provide some cooperative marketing capability as well as e-commerce companies. Existing or future competitors may seek to gain or retain market share by reducing prices, and we may be required to lower our prices or may lose business, which could adversely affect our financial results. Also, to the extent that we do not meet changing customer preferences or demands or to the extent that one or more of our competitors becomes more successful with private label products or otherwise, our ability to attract and retain customers could be materially adversely affected. Existing or future competitors also may seek to compete with us for acquisitions, which could have the effect of increasing the price and reducing the number of suitable acquisitions. In addition, it is possible that competitive pressures resulting from industry consolidation could affect our growth and profit margins. Acquisitions that we may undertake would involve a number of inherent risks, any of which could cause us not to realize the benefits anticipated to result. We have expanded our operations through organic growth and selected acquisitions of businesses and assets and may seek to do so in the future. Acquisitions involve various inherent risks, including: problems that could arise from the integration of the acquired business; uncertainties in assessing the value, strengths, weaknesses, contingent and other liabilities and potential profitability of acquisition candidates; the potential loss of key employees of an acquired business; the ability to achieve identified operating and financial synergies anticipated to result from an acquisition or other transaction; unanticipated changes in business, industry or general economic conditions that affect the assumptions underlying the 20 WESCO International, Inc. acquisition or other transaction rationale; and expansion into new countries or geographic markets where we may be less familiar with operating requirements, target customers and regulatory compliance. Any one or more of these factors could increase our costs or cause us not to realize the benefits anticipated to result from the acquisition of business or assets. While there are risks associated with acquisitions generally, including integration risks, there are additional risks more specifically associated with owning and operating businesses internationally, including those arising from import and export controls, foreign currency exchange rate changes, material developments in political, regulatory or economic conditions impacting those operations and various environmental and climatic conditions in particular areas of the world. We must attract, retain and motivate key employees, and the failure to do so may adversely affect our business and results of operations. Our success depends on hiring, retaining and motivating key employees, including executive, managerial, sales, technical, marketing and support personnel. We may have difficulty locating and hiring qualified personnel. In addition, we may have difficulty retaining such personnel once hired, and key people may leave and compete against us. The loss of key personnel or our failure to attract and retain other qualified and experienced personnel could disrupt or adversely affect our business, its sales and results of operations. In addition, our operating results could be adversely affected by increased costs due to increased competition for employees, higher employee turnover, which may also result in loss of significant customer business, or increased employee benefit costs. We are subject to costs and risks associated with laws and regulations affecting our business, as well as litigation for product liability or other matters affecting our business. The complex legal and regulatory environment exposes us to compliance costs and risks, as well as litigation and other legal proceedings, which could materially affect our operations and financial results. These laws and regulations may change, sometimes significantly, as a result of political or economic events. They include tax laws and regulations, import and export laws and regulations, labor and employment laws and regulations, product safety, occupational safety and health laws and regulations, securities and exchange laws and regulations (and other laws applicable to publicly-traded companies such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act), and environmental laws and regulations. Furthermore, as a government contractor selling to federal, state and local government entities, we are also subject to a wide variety of additional laws and regulations. Proposed laws and regulations in these and other areas, such as healthcare, employment, or legal matters could affect the cost of our business operations. From time to time we are involved in legal proceedings, audits or investigations which may relate to, for example, product liability, labor and employment (including wage and hour), tax, escheat, import and export compliance, government contracts, worker health and safety, general commercial and securities matters. While we believe that the outcome of any pending matter is unlikely to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or liquidity, additional legal proceedings may arise in the future and the outcome of any legal proceedings and other contingencies could require us to take actions which could adversely affect our operations or could require us to pay substantial amounts of money. Our outstanding indebtedness requires debt service commitments that could adversely affect our ability to fulfill our obligations and could limit our growth and impose restrictions on our business. As of December 31, 2015, we had $1,665.4 million of consolidated indebtedness (excluding debt discount), including $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 (the “2021 Notes”), $344.9 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.0% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2029 (the “2029 Debentures”) and $174.8 million in aggregate principal amount of term loans due 2019 (the “Term Loan Facility”). Our consolidated indebtedness also includes amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which has an aggregate borrowing capacity of $600.0 million, and our accounts receivable securitization facility (the “Receivables Facility”), through which we sell up to $550.0 million of our accounts receivable to third-party financial institutions. We and our subsidiaries may undertake additional borrowings in the future, subject to certain limitations contained in the instruments governing our indebtedness. 2015 Annual Report 21 Our debt service obligations have important consequences, including: our payments of principal and interest reduce the funds available to us for operations, future business opportunities and acquisitions and other purposes; they increase our vulnerability to adverse economic, financial market and industry conditions; our ability to obtain additional financing may be limited; we may be required to incur additional interest due to the contingent interest features of the 2029 Debentures, which are embedded derivatives; and our financial results are affected by increased interest costs. Our ability to make scheduled payments of principal and interest on our debt, refinance our indebtedness, make scheduled payments on our operating leases, fund planned capital expenditures or to finance acquisitions will depend on our future performance, which, to a certain extent, is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. There can be no assurance that our business will continue to generate sufficient cash flow from operations in the future to service our debt, make necessary capital expenditures or meet other cash needs. If unable to do so, we may be required to refinance all or a portion of our existing debt, to sell assets or to obtain additional financing. Our Revolving Credit Facility is subject to renewal in September 2020 and our Receivables Facility is subject to renewal in September 2018. There can be no assurance that available funding or any sale of additional receivables or additional financing will be possible at the times of renewal in amounts or terms favorable to us, if at all. Over the next three years, we will be required to repay approximately $570.6 million of our currently outstanding indebtedness, of which $525.0 million is related to our Receivables Facility, $43.3 million is related to our international lines of credit, and $2.3 million is related to our capital leases. Our debt agreements contain restrictions that may limit our ability to operate our business. Our credit facilities also require us to maintain specific earnings to fixed expenses and to meet minimum net worth requirements in certain circumstances. Our Term Loan Facility, 2021 Notes and credit facilities contain, and any of our future debt agreements may contain, certain covenant restrictions that limit our ability to operate our business, including restrictions on our ability to: incur additional debt or issue guarantees; create liens; make certain investments; enter into transactions with our affiliates; sell certain assets; make capital expenditures; redeem capital stock or make other restricted payments; declare or pay dividends or make other distributions to stockholders; and merge or consolidate with any person. Our Term Loan Facility and certain other credit facilities contain additional affirmative and negative covenants, and our ability to comply with these covenants is dependent on our future performance, which will be subject to many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including prevailing economic conditions. As a result of these covenants, our ability to respond to changes in business and economic conditions and to obtain additional financing, if needed, may be significantly restricted, and we may be prevented from engaging in transactions that might otherwise be beneficial to us. In addition, our failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default under the 2029 Debentures, the 2021 Notes, the credit facilities, the Term Loan Facility, and our other debt, which could permit the holders to accelerate such debt. If any of our debt is accelerated, we may not have sufficient funds available to repay such debt. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets recorded as a result of our acquisitions could become impaired. As of December 31, 2015, our combined goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets amounted to $1,773.6 million. To the extent we do not generate sufficient cash flows to recover the net amount of any investments in goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets recorded, the investment could be considered impaired and subject to write-off. We expect to record further goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets as a result of future acquisitions we may complete. Future amortization of such assets or impairments, if any, of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets would adversely affect our results of operations in any given period. There is a risk that the market value of our common stock may decline. Stock markets have experienced significant price and trading volume fluctuations, and the market prices of companies in our industry have been volatile. In recent years, volatility and disruption reached unprecedented levels. For some issuers, the markets have exerted downward pressure on stock prices and credit capacity. It is impossible to predict whether the price of our common stock will rise or fall. Trading prices of our common stock will be influenced by our operating results and prospects and by global economic, financial and other factors. 22 WESCO International, Inc. Future sales of our common stock in the public market or issuance of securities senior to our common stock could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock and the value of the 2029 Debentures. Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock or equity-related securities in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect prevailing trading prices of our common stock and the value of the 2029 Debentures and could impair our ability to raise capital through future offerings of equity or equity-related securities. No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that future sales of shares of common stock or the availability of shares of common stock for future sale will have on the trading price of our common stock or the value of the 2029 Debentures. There may be future dilution of our common stock. To the extent options to purchase common stock under our stock-based employee compensation plans are exercised, holders of our common stock will incur dilution. Additionally, our 2029 Debentures include contingent conversion price provisions and options for settlement in shares. Based on our current stock price, the 2029 Debentures may be converted into common stock which would increase dilution to our stockholders. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments. None. Item 2. Properties. We have approximately 500 branches, of which approximately 350 are located in the United States, approximately 125 are located in Canada and the remainder are in other locations including Chile, Mexico, the United Kingdom and Singapore. Approximately 16% of our branches are owned facilities, and the remainder are leased. The following table summarizes our distribution centers: Location Warrendale, PA(1) Sparks, NV Byhalia, MS(1) Little Rock, AR Madison, WI Montreal, QC Burnaby, BC Edmonton, AB Mississauga, ON Square Feet 194,000 199,000 148,000 100,000 136,000 126,000 65,000 101,000 246,000 Leased/Owned Owned Leased Owned Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased (1) Property pledged as collateral under our Term Loan Facility. We also lease our 84,000 square-foot headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. We do not regard the real property associated with any single branch location as material to our operations. We believe our facilities are in good operating condition and are adequate for their respective uses. 2015 Annual Report 23 Item 3. Legal Proceedings. From time to time, a number of lawsuits and claims have been or may be asserted against us relating to the conduct of our business, including routine litigation relating to commercial and employment matters. The outcome of any litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and some lawsuits may be determined adversely to us. However, management does not believe, based on information presently available, that the ultimate outcome of any such pending matters is likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or liquidity, although the resolution in any quarter of one or more of these matters may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations for that period. Information relating to legal proceedings is included in Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. Not applicable. 24 WESCO International, Inc. PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. Market, Stockholder and Dividend Information. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “WCC.” As of February 19, 2016, there were 42,198,471 shares of common stock outstanding held by approximately 21 holders of record. We have not paid dividends on the common stock and do not currently plan to pay dividends. We do, however, evaluate the possibility from time to time. It is currently expected that earnings will be reinvested to support business growth, debt reduction, acquisitions and share repurchases. In addition, our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan Facility restrict our ability to pay dividends. See Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources.” The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, for the periods indicated. Quarter 2014 First Second Third Fourth 2015 First Second Third Fourth $ $ Sales Prices High Low 94.75 $ 93.07 88.31 86.92 77.40 $ 74.61 69.57 52.26 78.52 83.48 78.17 68.97 65.38 66.51 45.47 39.62 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. On December 17, 2014, WESCO announced that its Board of Directors approved, on December 11, 2014, the repurchase of up to $300 million of the Company’s common stock through December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2015, WESCO has repurchased 2,468,576 shares of the Company’s common stock for $150.0 million under this repurchase authorization. 2015 Annual Report 25 Company Performance. The following stock price performance graph illustrates the cumulative total return on an investment in WESCO International, Inc., a 2015 Performance Peer Group, and the Russell 2000 Index. The graph covers the period from December 31, 2010 to December 31, 2015, and assumes that the value for each investment was $100 on December 31, 2010, and that all dividends were reinvested. WESCO International, Inc. - Cumulative Total Shareholder Return e u l a V t n e m t s e v n I e v i t a l u m u C ) 0 0 1 $ x e d n i ( $200 $150 $100 $50 $0 2010 WESCO International, Inc. $100.00 2015 Performance Peer Group $100.00 Russell 2000 Index $100.00 2011 $100.40 $106.33 $95.82 2012 $127.71 $124.50 $111.49 2013 $172.48 $168.05 $154.77 2014 $144.34 $173.23 $162.33 2015 $82.73 $166.21 $155.17 2015 Performance Peer Group: Airgas, Inc. Anixter International, Inc. Applied Industrial Technologies, Inc. Arrow Electronics, Inc. Avnet, Inc. Beacon Roofing Supply, Inc. Danaher Corporation Eaton Corp Plc Emerson Electric Company Fastenal Company Genuine Parts Company Houston Wire & Cable Company Hubbell, Inc. Ingram Micro, Inc. MSC Industrial Direct Co., Inc. Pool Corporation Rockwell Automation, Inc. Tech Data Corporation Essendant, Inc.1 W.W. Grainger, Inc. Watsco, Inc. 1 United Stationers changed their name to Essendant, Inc. in February 2015. 26 WESCO International, Inc. Item 6. Selected Financial Data. Selected financial data and significant events related to the Company’s financial results for the last five fiscal years are listed below. The financial data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in Item 8 and with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, included in Item 7. Year Ended December 31, (in millions, except per share data) Income Statement Data: Net sales Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) Selling, general and administrative expenses Depreciation and amortization Income from operations Interest expense, net Loss on debt extinguishment(1) Other loss(2) Income before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net income Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest(3) Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 $ 7,518.5 $ 7,889.6 $ 7,513.3 $ 6,579.3 $ 6,125.7 6,024.8 1,055.0 65.0 373.7 69.8 — — 303.9 95.5 208.4 6,278.6 1,076.8 68.0 466.2 82.1 — — 384.1 108.7 275.4 5,967.9 996.8 67.6 481.0 85.6 13.2 2.3 379.9 103.4 276.5 5,247.8 961.0 37.6 332.9 47.8 3.5 — 281.6 79.9 201.7 4,889.2 872.0 31.6 332.9 53.6 — — 279.3 83.1 196.2 2.3 0.5 (0.1) 0.1 0.1 $ 210.7 $ 275.9 $ 276.4 $ 201.8 $ 196.3 Earnings per common share attributable to WESCO International, Inc. Basic Diluted Weighted-average common shares outstanding Basic Diluted $ $ Other Financial Data: Capital expenditures Net cash provided by operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities $ 4.85 $ 4.18 $ 6.21 $ 5.18 $ 6.26 $ 5.25 $ 4.62 $ 3.95 $ 43.4 50.4 44.4 53.3 44.1 52.7 43.7 51.1 21.7 $ 20.5 $ 27.8 $ 23.1 $ 283.1 (170.2) (67.8) 251.2 (144.2) (95.5) 315.1 (18.2) (257.5) 288.2 (1,311.0) 1,044.0 4.54 3.96 43.2 49.6 33.3 167.5 (81.3) (70.9) Balance Sheet Data: Total assets Total debt (including current and short-term debt)(4) Stockholders’ equity(5) $ 4,587.4 $ 4,754.4 $ 4,648.9 $ 4,629.6 $ 3,078.5 1,501.1 1,773.9 1,415.6 1,928.2 1,487.7 1,764.8 1,735.2 1,553.7 649.3 1,345.9 (1) Represents the loss recognized in 2013 related to the $500 million prepayment made to the U.S. sub-facility of the term loans due 2019, and the loss recognized in 2012 due to the redemption of the Company’s then outstanding 7.50% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2017. (2) Represents the loss on the sale of a foreign operation in 2013. (3) Represents the portion not owned by the Company of net loss (income) attributable to consolidated entities. (4) Includes the discount related to convertible debentures and the Term Loan Facility. See Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (5) Stockholders’ equity includes amounts related to convertible debentures. See Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 2015 Annual Report 27 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. COMPANY OVERVIEW In 2015, we streamlined our organization, made improvements to our variable rate debt facilities, accelerated our LEAN initiatives, integrated two accretive acquisitions, generated strong cash flow and closely managed costs. Our financial results primarily reflect continued weakness in commodity-driven end markets and the unfavorable impact of changes in foreign currencies, partially offset by the benefits of cost reduction actions. Sales decreased $371.1 million, or 4.7%, over the prior year. Normalized organic sales decreased 3.3%; foreign exchange rates negatively impacted sales by 3.4% and were partially offset by a positive impact from acquisitions of 2.0%. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 80.1% and 79.6% in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Operating income was $373.7 million for 2015, compared to $466.2 million for 2014. Operating income decreased due to lower sales, lower supplier volume rebates and business mix. Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. of $210.7 million decreased by 23.6%. Diluted earnings per share attributable to WESCO International, Inc. were $4.18 in 2015, compared with diluted earnings per share of $5.18 in 2014. Our end markets consist of industrial firms, electrical and data communications contractors, utilities, and commercial organizations, institutions and governmental entities. Our transaction types to these markets can be categorized as stock, direct ship and special order. Stock orders are filled directly from existing inventory and represent approximately 50% of total sales. Approximately 39% of our total sales are direct ship sales. Direct ship sales are typically custom-built products, large orders or products that are too bulky to be easily handled and, as a result, are shipped directly to the customer from the supplier. Special orders are for products that are not ordinarily stocked in inventory and are ordered based on a customer’s specific request. Special orders represent the remaining 11% of total sales. We have historically financed our working capital requirements, capital expenditures, acquisitions, share repurchases and new branch openings through internally generated cash flow, debt issuances, borrowings under our credit facilities and funding through our Receivables Facility. CASH FLOW We generated $283.1 million in operating cash flow during 2015. Cash provided by operating activities included net income of $208.4 million and adjustments to net income totaling $121.2 million. Investing activities included aggregate payments of $151.6 million primarily for the acquisitions of Hill Country and Needham Electric, capital expenditures totaling $21.7 million, and proceeds of $3.1 million from the sale of assets. Financing activities during 2015 consisted of borrowings and repayments of $1,276.0 million and $1,209.0 million, respectively, related to our Revolving Credit Facility, borrowings and repayments of $252.6 million and $157.6 million, respectively, related to our Receivables Facility, and repayments of $69.2 million applied to our Term Loan Facility. Financing activities in 2015 also included borrowings and repayments on our various international lines of credit of $102.0 million and $100.3 million, respectively. Free cash flow for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $261.4 million and $230.7 million, respectively. 28 WESCO International, Inc. The following table sets forth the components of free cash flow: Free Cash Flow: (in millions) Cash flow provided by operations Less: Capital expenditures Free cash flow Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015 2014 $ $ 283.1 $ (21.7) 261.4 $ 251.2 (20.5) 230.7 Note: The table above reconciles cash flow provided by operations to free cash flow. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure provided by the Company as an additional indicator of liquidity. Capital expenditures are deducted from operating cash flow to determine free cash flow. Free cash flow is available to provide a source of funds for any of the Company’s financing needs. FINANCING AVAILABILITY As of December 31, 2015, we had $438.7 million in total available borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility, which was comprised of $236.4 million of availability under the U.S. sub-facility and $202.3 million of availability under the Canadian sub-facility. Available borrowing capacity under our Receivables Facility was $10.9 million. These debt facilities were amended and restated on September 24, 2015. As a result of the respective amendments, the Revolving Credit Facility and Receivables Facility mature in September 2020 and September 2018, respectively. For further discussion related to the amendments of these facilities, refer to Note 7 of our Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to supplier programs, bad debts, inventories, insurance costs, goodwill, income taxes, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional adjustments to reserve items may be required. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Revenue Recognition Revenues are recognized for product sales when title, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer, or for services when the service is rendered. In the case of stock sales and special orders, a sale occurs at the time of shipment from our distribution point, as the terms of our sales are predominantly FOB shipping point. In cases where we process customer orders but ship directly from our suppliers, revenue is recognized once product is shipped and title has passed. In all cases, revenue is recognized once the sales price to our customer is fixed or is determinable and we have reasonable assurance as to the collectability. In certain customer arrangements, we provide services such as inventory management. We may perform some or all of the following services for customers: determine inventory stocking levels; establish inventory reorder points; launch purchase orders; receive material; put away material; and pick material for order fulfillment. We recognize revenue for services rendered during the period based upon a previously negotiated fee arrangement. We also sell inventory to these customers and recognize revenue at the time title and risk of loss transfers to the customer. 2015 Annual Report 29 Selling, General and Administrative Expenses We include warehousing, purchasing, branch operations, information services, and marketing and selling expenses in this category, as well as other types of general and administrative costs. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We have a systematic procedure using estimates based on historical data and reasonable assumptions of collectibles at the local branch level and on a consolidated corporate basis to calculate the allowance for doubtful accounts. Excess and Obsolete Inventory We write down our inventory to its net realizable value based on internal factors derived from historical analysis of actual losses. We identify items at risk of becoming obsolete, which is defined as supply in excess of 36 months relative to demand or movement. We then analyze the ultimate disposition of previously identified excess inventory items, such as sold, returned to supplier, or scrapped. This item by item analysis allows us to develop an estimate of the likelihood that an item identified as being in excess supply ultimately becomes obsolete. We apply the estimate to inventory items currently in excess of 36 months supply, and reduce our inventory carrying value by the derived amount. We revisit and test our assumptions on a periodic basis. Historically, we have not had material changes to our assumptions and do not anticipate any material changes in the future. Supplier Volume Rebates We receive rebates from certain suppliers based on contractual arrangements with them. Since there is a lag between actual purchases and the rebates received from the suppliers, we must estimate and accrue the approximate amount of rebates available at a specific date. We record the amounts as other accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The corresponding rebate income is recorded as a reduction of cost of goods sold. The appropriate level of such income is derived from the level of actual purchases made by us from suppliers. Supplier volume rebate rates have historically ranged between approximately 0.9% and 1.4% of sales depending on market conditions. In 2015, the rebate rate was 1.0%. Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter using information available at the end of September, or more frequently if triggering events occur indicating that their carrying value may not be recoverable. We test for goodwill impairment on a reporting unit level and the evaluation involves comparing the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value. The fair values of our reporting units are determined using a combination of a discounted cash flow analysis and market multiples. Assumptions used for these fair value techniques are based on a combination of historical results, current forecasts, market data and recent economic events. We evaluate the recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets using a discounted cash flow analysis based on projected financial information. The determination of fair value involves significant management judgment and could be negatively affected by the current weak market conditions, including the challenging macroeconomic indicators in the markets in which we operate and those where our customers are based. We apply our best judgment when assessing the reasonableness of financial projections. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, goodwill and indefinite-lived trademarks totaled $1,773.6 million and $1,840.0 million, respectively. The estimated fair values of most of our reporting units were at least 25% greater than their respective carrying values. One reporting unit with goodwill of $186.7 million had a fair value that was approximately 5% greater than its carrying value. In performing our quantitative assessment for this reporting unit, we used revenue growth rates of 2.9% to 5.7%, a terminal growth rate of 3% and a discount rate of 9.3%. Management believes that the terminal growth rate is supported by our historical growth rate, near-term projections and long-term expected market growth. The discount rate reflects marketplace participants’ cost of capital. Had we used a discount rate that was 25 basis points higher or a terminal growth rate that was 25 basis points lower than those assumed, the fair value of this reporting unit would have continued to exceed its carrying amount. 30 WESCO International, Inc. A possible indicator of goodwill impairment is the relationship of a company’s market capitalization to its book value. As of December 31, 2015, our market capitalization exceeded our book value and there were no impairment losses identified as a result of our annual test. Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors. As a result, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible impairment test will prove to be an accurate prediction of future results. Intangible Assets We account for certain economic benefits purchased as a result of our acquisitions, including customer relations, distribution agreements, technology and trademarks, as intangible assets. Most trademarks have an indefinite life. We amortize all other intangible assets over a useful life determined by the expected cash flows produced by such intangibles and their respective tax benefits. Useful lives vary between 2 and 20 years, depending on the specific intangible asset. Insurance Programs We use commercial insurance for auto, workers’ compensation, casualty and health claims as a risk sharing strategy to reduce our exposure to catastrophic losses. Our strategy involves large deductible policies where we must pay all costs up to the deductible amount. We estimate our reserve based on historical incident rates and costs. Income Taxes We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred income taxes for events that have future tax consequences. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized (using enacted tax laws and rates) based on the future income tax effects of differences in the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and tax purposes. The effect of a tax rate change on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period of change. We recognize deferred tax assets at amounts that are expected to be realized. To make such determination, we evaluate all positive and negative evidence, including but not limited to, prior, current and future taxable income, tax planning strategies and future reversals of existing temporary differences. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is “more likely than not” that some or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. We regularly assess the realizability of deferred tax assets. No provision is made for undistributed earnings that are considered to be permanently reinvested to fund growth in foreign markets. We account for uncertainty in income taxes using a “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold. Due to the subjectivity inherent in the evaluation of uncertain tax positions, the tax benefit ultimately recognized may materially differ from our estimate. We recognize interest related to uncertain tax benefits as part of interest expense. We recognize penalties related to uncertain tax benefits as part of income tax expense. Convertible Debentures We separately account for the liability and equity components of our convertible debentures in a manner that reflects our nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. We estimate our non-convertible debt borrowing rate through a combination of discussions with our financial institutions and review of relevant market data. The convertible debenture discount is amortized to interest expense, using the effective interest method, over the implicit life of the debentures. Stock-Based Compensation Our stock-based employee compensation plans are comprised of stock-settled stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, and performance-based awards. Compensation cost for all stock-based awards is measured at fair value on the date of grant, and compensation cost is recognized, net of forfeitures, over the service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of stock-settled appreciation rights and performance-based awards with market conditions is determined using the Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo simulation models, respectively. The fair value of restricted stock units with service conditions and performance-based awards with performance conditions is determined by the grant-date closing price of WESCO’s common stock. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of our common stock. We estimate the expected life of stock-settled stock appreciation rights using historical data pertaining to option exercises and employee 2015 Annual Report 31 terminations. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant. The forfeiture assumption is based on our historical employee behavior, which we review on an annual basis. No dividends are assumed for stock- based awards. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following table sets forth the percentage relationship to net sales of certain items in our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the periods presented. Year Ended December 31, Net sales Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) Selling, general and administrative expenses Depreciation and amortization Income from operations Interest expense Loss on debt extinguishment Income before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. 2015 Compared to 2014 2015 100.0% 80.1 14.0 0.9 5.0 0.9 — 4.1 1.3 2.8% 2014 100.0% 79.6 13.6 0.9 5.9 1.0 — 4.9 1.4 3.5% 2013 100.0% 79.4 13.3 0.9 6.4 1.1 0.2 5.1 1.4 3.7% Net Sales. Sales in 2015 decreased 4.7% to $7,518.5 million, compared with $7,889.6 million in 2014. Normalized organic sales decreased 3.3%; foreign exchange rates negatively impacted sales by 3.4% and were partially offset by a positive impact from acquisitions of 2.0%. Additionally, management estimates that price had no measurable impact on net sales. The following table sets forth normalized organic sales growth: Normalized Organic Sales: Change in net sales Less: Impact from acquisitions Less: Impact from foreign exchange rates Less: Impact from number of workdays Normalized organic sales growth Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015 (4.7)% 2.0% (3.4)% —% (3.3)% 2014 5.0% 1.4% (1.6)% (0.4)% 5.6% Note: Normalized organic sales growth is a non-GAAP financial measure provided by the Company to provide a better understanding of the Company’s sales growth trends. Normalized organic sales growth is calculated by deducting the percentage impact on net sales from acquisitions, foreign exchange rates and number of workdays from the overall percentage change in consolidated net sales. Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold decreased 4.0% in 2015 to $6,024.8 million, compared with $6,278.6 million in 2014. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 80.1% and 79.6% in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses. SG&A expenses include costs associated with personnel, shipping and handling, travel, advertising, facilities, utilities and bad debts. SG&A expenses decreased by $21.9 million, or 2.0%, to $1,055.0 million in 2015. The decrease in SG&A expenses is primarily due to cost reduction actions implemented during 2015, foreign exchange rates, lower variable sales and compensation costs and ongoing discretionary spending controls. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses increased to 14.0% in 2015, compared to 13.6% in 2014, reflecting lower sales volume and incremental costs related to recent acquisitions, which were not fully offset by cost control actions and initiatives. 32 WESCO International, Inc. SG&A payroll expenses for 2015 of $735.9 million decreased by $23.0 million compared to 2014. The decrease in SG&A payroll expenses was primarily due to a decrease in commissions, incentives and benefits of $16.6 million and a decrease in temporary labor of $4.7 million. These decreases are due to a 5.0% headcount reduction, exclusive of acquisitions, and a reduction in discretionary spending. The remaining SG&A expenses for 2015 of $319.1 million increased by $1.2 million compared to 2014. Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased $3.0 million to $65.0 million in 2015, compared with $68.0 million in 2014. Income from Operations. Income from operations decreased by $92.5 million to $373.7 million in 2015, compared to $466.2 million in 2014. Income from operations as a percentage of net sales was 5.0% and 5.9% in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Interest Expense. Interest expense totaled $69.8 million in 2015, compared with $82.1 million in 2014, a decrease of 14.9%. Non-cash interest expense, which includes the amortization of debt discount, interest related to uncertain tax positions, the amortization of deferred financing fees and accrued interest was $3.5 million and $8.1 million for 2015 and 2014, respectively. The resolution of transfer pricing matters associated with previously filed tax positions resulted in non-cash interest income of $9.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2015. Cash interest expense decreased primarily as a result of the repayment of the Canadian sub-facility of the term loans due 2019 throughout 2015. The following table sets forth the components of interest expense: (in millions) Amortization of debt discount Amortization of deferred financing fees Interest related to uncertain tax positions, net Accrued interest Non-cash interest expense Cash interest expense Total interest expense Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015 2014 $ $ 6.1 $ 6.1 (8.7) — 3.5 66.3 69.8 $ 4.1 4.4 1.0 (1.4) 8.1 74.0 82.1 Income Taxes. Our effective income tax rate was 31.4% in 2015 compared to 28.3% in 2014. Our effective tax rate is affected by recurring items, such as the relative amounts of income earned in the United States and foreign jurisdictions, primarily Canada, the tax rates in these jurisdictions and changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The resolution of the tax matter described above in the discussion of interest expense, resulted in incremental income tax expense of $11.7 million, which increased the effective tax rate by 2.9 percentage points. Net Income. Net income decreased by $67.1 million, or 24.3%, to $208.4 million in 2015, compared to $275.4 million in 2014. Net (Loss) Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest was $2.3 million in 2015, compared to $0.5 million in 2014. The losses in 2015 and 2014 were primarily due to foreign exchange losses on cash balances. Net Income Attributable to WESCO International, Inc. Net income and diluted earnings per share attributable to WESCO International, Inc. on a consolidated basis totaled $210.7 million and $4.18 per share, respectively, in 2015, compared with $275.9 million and $5.18 per share, respectively, in 2014. 2015 Annual Report 33 2014 Compared to 2013 Net Sales. Sales in 2014 increased 5.0% to $7,889.6 million, compared with $7,513.3 million in 2013. The increase in sales included positive impacts from organic growth and acquisitions of 5.6% and 1.4%, respectively, partially offset by the negative effects of foreign exchange rates and number of workdays of 1.6% and 0.4%, respectively. Additionally, management estimates a price impact on net sales of approximately 0.5%. The following table sets forth normalized organic sales growth: Normalized Organic Sales: Change in net sales Less: Impact from acquisitions Less: Impact from foreign exchange rates Less: Impact from number of workdays Normalized organic sales growth Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2014 5.0% 1.4% (1.6)% (0.4)% 5.6% 2013 14.2% 14.6% (0.4)% —% —% Note: Normalized organic sales growth is a non-GAAP financial measure provided by the Company to provide a better understanding of the Company’s sales growth trends. Normalized organic sales growth is calculated by deducting the percentage impact on net sales from acquisitions, foreign exchange rates and number of workdays from the overall percentage change in consolidated net sales. Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold increased 5.2% in 2014 to $6,278.6 million, compared with $5,967.9 million in 2013. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 79.6% and 79.4% in 2014 and 2013, respectively. Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses. SG&A expenses include costs associated with personnel, shipping and handling, travel, advertising, facilities, utilities and bad debts. SG&A expenses increased by $80.0 million, or 8.0%, to $1,076.8 million in 2014. The increase in SG&A expenses is primarily due to higher employment related costs resulting from the growth in organic sales and the impact from the LaPrairie, Hazmasters and Hi-Line acquisitions. SG&A expenses in 2013 include a $36.1 million favorable impact from the recognition of insurance coverage for a litigation- related charge recorded in 2012. Adjusted SG&A expenses increased $43.9 million, or approximately 4.2%, from 2013. As a percentage of net sales, adjusted SG&A expenses decreased to 13.6% in 2014, compared with 13.7% in 2013, reflecting ongoing cost controls and incremental cost reduction actions implemented during 2014. The following table sets forth adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses: Adjusted Selling, General and Administrative Expenses: (in millions) Selling, general and administrative expenses Litigation recovery included in SG&A Adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses Percent of sales Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2014 2013 $ $ 1,076.8 $ — 1,076.8 $ 13.6% 996.8 36.1 1,032.9 13.7% Note: Adjusted SG&A is provided by the Company to allow financial statement users to compare the Company’s performance from period to period by adjusting for transactions management views as impacting the comparability of results. SG&A payroll expenses for 2014 of $758.9 million increased by $38.7 million compared to 2013. The increase in SG&A payroll expenses was primarily due to an increase in salary expense of $23.6 million and an increase in commissions, incentives and benefits of $13.9 million. These increases are primarily due to an increase in headcount, which is the result of both recent acquisitions and organic sales growth. The remaining SG&A expenses for 2014 of $317.9 million increased by $41.3 million compared to 2013 primarily due to the favorable impact of a litigation matter in 2013 and increased occupancy and transportation costs of $5.8 in 2014 related to recent acquisitions and organic sales growth. 34 WESCO International, Inc. Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased $0.4 million to $68.0 million in 2014, compared with $67.6 million in 2013. The increase in depreciation and amortization was primarily due to the impact from recent acquisitions, partially offset by the reduction in capital expenditures in 2014. Income from Operations. Income from operations decreased by $14.8 million to $466.2 million in 2014, compared to $481.0 million in 2013. Income from operations in 2014 increased by $21.3 million, or 4.8%, from adjusted income from operations of $444.9 million in 2013. Adjusted income from operations as a percentage of net sales was 5.9% in 2014 and 2013, respectively. The following table sets forth adjusted income from operations: Adjusted Income from Operations: (in millions) Income from operations Litigation recovery included in SG&A Adjusted income from operations Percent of sales Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2014 2013 $ $ 466.2 $ — 466.2 $ 5.9% 481.0 (36.1) 444.9 5.9% Note: Adjusted income from operations is provided by the Company to allow financial statement users to compare the Company’s performance from period to period by adjusting for transactions management views as impacting the comparability of results. Interest Expense. Interest expense totaled $82.1 million in 2014, compared with $85.6 million in 2013, a decrease of 4.1%. Non-cash interest expense, which includes the amortization of debt discount, interest related to uncertain tax positions, the amortization of deferred financing fees and accrued interest was $8.1 million and $10.2 million for 2014 and 2013, respectively. The following table sets forth the components of interest expense: (in millions) Amortization of debt discount Amortization of deferred financing fees Interest related to uncertain tax positions, net Accrued interest Non-cash interest expense Cash interest expense Total interest expense Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2014 2013 $ $ 4.1 $ 4.4 1.0 (1.4) 8.1 74.0 82.1 $ 4.3 4.9 0.6 0.4 10.2 75.4 85.6 Loss on Debt Extinguishment. In 2013, the Company incurred a loss on debt extinguishment of $13.2 million in connection with the repayment of $500 million of the Company’s Term Loan Facility. In 2014, no such loss was incurred. Loss on Sale of Argentina Business. The Company recorded a loss in 2013 of $2.3 million resulting from the sale and complete divestiture of its EECOL Electric Argentina operations. The Company did not record such a loss in 2014. 2015 Annual Report 35 Income Taxes. Our effective income tax rate was 28.3% in 2014 compared to 27.2% in 2013. Our effective tax rate is affected by recurring items, such as the relative amounts of income earned in the United States and foreign jurisdictions, primarily Canada, and the tax rates in these jurisdictions. The relative amounts of income earned in the United States and Canada is affected by the exchange rate at which Canadian income is translated into U.S. dollars. The increase in the tax rate from 2013 to 2014 was primarily due to a discrete benefit recorded in 2013 for foreign tax credits as a result of the settlement of the Company’s 1998-2003 IRS examination and the impact of an unfavorable change in the Canadian to U.S. dollar foreign exchange rate on the translation of taxable income from WESCO’s Canadian operations. Our effective income tax rate was 26.0% in 2014, as adjusted for the favorable impact of a litigation matter. Net Income. Net income decreased by $1.1 million, or 0.4%, to $275.4 million in 2014, compared to $276.5 million in 2013. Net income in 2014 increased $20.9 million compared to adjusted net income of $254.5 million in 2013. Net (Loss) Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest was $0.5 million in 2014 and was primarily due to foreign exchange losses on cash balances. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest totaled $0.1 million in 2013. Net Income Attributable to WESCO International, Inc. Net income and diluted earnings per share attributable to WESCO International, Inc. on a consolidated basis totaled $275.9 million and $5.18 per share, respectively, in 2014, compared with $276.4 million and $5.25 per share, respectively, in 2013. Adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. and adjusted diluted earnings per share was $254.4 million and $4.82, respectively, in 2013. The following table sets forth adjusted net income and adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc.: Adjusted Net Income Attributable to WESCO International, Inc.: (in millions) Income before income taxes Litigation recovery included in SG&A Adjusted income before income taxes Adjusted provision for income taxes Adjusted net income Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest Adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. Adjusted Diluted EPS: Diluted share count Adjusted diluted EPS Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2014 2013 384.1 $ — 384.1 108.7 275.4 (0.5) 275.9 $ 379.9 (36.1) 343.8 89.3 254.5 0.1 254.4 53.3 5.18 $ 52.7 4.82 $ $ $ Note: Adjusted net income and adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. is provided by the Company to allow financial statement users to compare the Company’s performance from period to period by adjusting for transactions management views as impacting the comparability of results. Adjusted diluted EPS is calculated by dividing adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. by weighted-average common shares outstanding and common share equivalents. 36 WESCO International, Inc. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Total assets were $4.6 billion and $4.8 billion at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Total liabilities at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were $2.8 billion. Stockholders’ equity decreased by 8.0% to $1.8 billion at December 31, 2015, compared with $1.9 billion at December 31, 2014, primarily as a result of a $225.8 million foreign currency translation loss recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and the repurchase of $150.0 million of common stock pursuant to the Company’s stock repurchase plan. These decreases to stockholders’ equity were partially offset by net income of $210.7 million. The following table sets forth our outstanding indebtedness: As of December 31, (in thousands) Term Loan Facility, less debt discount of $1,026 and $3,110 in 2015 and 2014, respectively 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility Revolving Credit Facility International lines of credit 6.0% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2029, less debt discount of $163,316 and $167,257 in 2015 and 2014, respectively Capital leases Other notes Total debt Less current and short-term portion Total long-term debt 2015 2014 $ 173,724 $ 500,000 525,000 75,000 43,314 249,235 500,000 430,000 8,000 46,787 181,557 2,505 — 1,501,100 (44,339) 177,638 3,891 9 1,415,560 (49,130) $ 1,456,761 $ 1,366,430 The required annual principal repayments for all indebtedness for the next five years and thereafter, as of December 31, 2015 is set forth in the following table: Years ending December 31, (in thousands) 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Thereafter Total payments on debt Debt discount on convertible debentures and term loan facility Total debt $ 44,339 827 525,413 174,951 75,040 844,872 $ 1,665,442 (164,342) $ 1,501,100 Our liquidity needs generally arise from fluctuations in our working capital requirements, capital expenditures, acquisitions and debt service obligations. As of December 31, 2015, we had $438.7 million in available borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility and $10.9 million in available borrowing capacity under our Receivables Facility, which combined with our cash of $96.5 million provided liquidity of $546.1 million. Cash included in our determination of liquidity represents cash in deposit and interest bearing investment accounts. We believe cash provided by operations and financing activities will be adequate to cover our current operational and business needs. We monitor the depository institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents on a regular basis, and we believe that we have placed our deposits with creditworthy financial institutions. We also communicate on a regular basis with our lenders regarding our financial and working capital performance, liquidity position and financial leverage. Our financial leverage ratio was 3.8 and 3.0 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In addition, we are in compliance with all covenants and restrictions contained in our debt agreements as of December 31, 2015. 2015 Annual Report 37 The following table sets forth the Company’s financial leverage ratio as of December 31, 2015 and 2014: Twelve months ended December 31, (in millions, except ratios) Income from operations Depreciation and amortization EBITDA Current debt Long-term debt Debt discount related to convertible debentures and Term Loan Facility(1) Total debt including debt discount Less: Cash and cash equivalents Total debt including debt discount, net of cash Financial leverage ratio based on total debt Financial leverage ratio based on total debt, net of cash 2015 2014 $ 373.7 $ 65.0 $ 438.7 $ 466.2 68.0 534.2 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 $ 44.3 $ 1,456.8 164.3 1,665.4 $ 160.3 1,505.1 $ $ $ 3.8 3.4 49.1 1,366.4 170.4 1,585.9 128.3 1,457.6 3.0 2.7 (1) The convertible debentures and term loan facility are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in long-term debt net of the unamortized discount. Note: Financial leverage is provided by the Company as an indicator of capital structure position. Financial leverage ratio based on total debt is calculated by dividing total debt, including debt discount, by EBITDA. Financial leverage ratio based on total debt, net of cash, is calculated by dividing total debt, including debt discount, net of cash, by EBITDA. EBITDA is defined as the trailing twelve months earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. At December 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $160.3 million, of which $127.0 million was held by foreign subsidiaries. The cash held by some of our foreign subsidiaries could be subject to additional U.S. income taxes if repatriated. We believe that we are able to maintain a sufficient level of liquidity for our domestic operations and commitments without repatriation of the cash held by these foreign subsidiaries. Over the next several quarters, we plan to closely manage working capital, and it is expected that excess cash will be directed primarily at debt reduction, acquisitions and share repurchases. Our near term focus will be maintaining ample liquidity and credit availability. We anticipate capital expenditures in 2016 to be at levels similar to 2015. We believe our balance sheet and ability to generate ample cash flow provides us with a durable business model and should allow us to fund expansion needs and growth initiatives. We finance our operating and investing needs as follows: Term Loan Facility On December 12, 2012, WESCO Distribution, as U.S. borrower, WDCC Enterprises Inc. (“WDCC” and together with WESCO Distribution, the “Borrowers”), as Canadian borrower, and WESCO International entered into a Term Loan Agreement (the “Term Loan Agreement”) among WESCO Distribution, WDCC, the Company, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent and as collateral agent. The Term Loan Agreement provided a seven-year term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”), which consisted of two separate sub-facilities: (i) a Canadian sub-facility in an aggregate principal amount of CAD $150 million, issued at a 2.0% discount and (ii) a U.S. sub-facility in an aggregate principal amount of $700 million, issued at a 1.0% discount. The proceeds of the Term Loan Facility were used to finance the acquisition of EECOL and to pay fees and expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition and certain other transactions. Subject to the terms of the Term Loan Agreement, the Borrowers may request incremental term loans from time to time in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed at any time $300 million, with an equivalent principal amount in U.S. Dollars being calculated for any incremental term loan denominated in Canadian Dollars. 38 WESCO International, Inc. On November 19, 2013, the Borrowers and WESCO International entered into an amendment (the “Term Loan Amendment”) to the Term Loan Agreement. The Term Loan Amendment, among other things, reduced the applicable margin on U.S. term loans by 0.50% and the LIBOR floor applicable to the U.S. sub-facility from 1.00% to 0.75%. The modified pricing terms were effective December 13, 2013. On November 26, 2013, WESCO Distribution sold $500 million aggregate principal amount of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 (the “2021 Notes”), and used the net proceeds plus excess cash to prepay $500 million under the Company’s U.S. sub-facility of the Term Loan Facility (see discussion below under “5.375% Senior Notes due 2021” for additional information). The prepayment satisfied all remaining quarterly repayment obligations under the U.S. sub-facility. As a result, the Company recorded a non-cash pre-tax loss on debt extinguishment of $13.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2013. WESCO will amortize the remaining debt discount and financing costs over the life of the instrument. As of December 31, 2015, the amount outstanding under the U.S. sub-facility was $174.8 million. The Canadian sub-facility was fully repaid in 2015 using cash provided by Canadian operations. Borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at base rates plus applicable margins. At December 31, 2015, the interest rate on borrowings under the U.S. sub-facility was 3.75%. At December 31, 2014, the interest rate on borrowings under the Canadian and U.S. sub-facilities were 5.3% and 3.75%, respectively. To the extent not previously paid, the outstanding U.S. sub-facility will become due and payable on December 12, 2019, with any unpaid incremental term loans becoming due and payable on the respective maturity dates applicable to those incremental term loans. At any time or from time to time, the Borrowers may prepay borrowings under the Term Loan Facility in whole or in part without premium or penalty. The Borrowers’ obligations under the Term Loan Facility are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Borrowers, the Company and certain of the Company’s other subsidiaries; provided that, with respect to borrowings under the U.S. sub-facility, the collateral does not include assets of certain foreign subsidiaries or more than 65% of the issued and outstanding equity interests in certain foreign subsidiaries. The Term Loan Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants for credit facilities of this type. The Term Loan Facility also provides for customary events of default. 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 In November 2013, WESCO Distribution issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 2021 Notes through a private offering exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The 2021 Notes were issued at 100% of par and are governed by an indenture (the “Indenture”) entered into on November 26, 2013 with WESCO International and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2021 Notes are unsecured senior obligations of WESCO Distribution and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by WESCO International. The 2021 Notes bear interest at a stated rate of 5.375%, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year. In addition, WESCO recorded deferred financing fees related to the issuance of the 2021 Notes totaling $8.2 million, which are being amortized over the life of the notes. The 2021 Notes mature on December 15, 2021. The net proceeds of the 2021 Notes were used to prepay a portion of the U.S. sub-facility of the term loans due 2019. Under the terms of a registration rights agreement dated as of November 26, 2013 among WESCO Distribution, Inc., WESCO International, Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as the representative of the initial purchasers of the 5.375% Notes, WESCO Distribution and WESCO International agreed to register under the Securities Act notes having terms identical in all material respects to the 5.375% Notes (the “5.375% Exchange Notes”) and to make an offer to exchange the 5.375% Exchange Notes for the 5.375% Notes. WESCO Distribution launched the exchange offer on June 12, 2014 and the exchange offer closed on July 17, 2014. At any time on or after December 15, 2016, WESCO Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2021 Notes. Between December 15, 2016 and December 14, 2017, WESCO Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2021 Notes at a redemption price equal to 104.031% of the principal amount. Between December 15, 2017 and December 14, 2018, WESCO Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2021 Notes at a redemption price equal to 102.688% of the principal amount. Between December 15, 2018 and December 14, 2019, WESCO Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2021 Notes at a redemption price equal to 101.344% of the principal amount. On and after December 15, 2019, WESCO Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2021 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount. 2015 Annual Report 39 The Indenture governing the 2021 Notes contains customary covenants and customary events of default. In addition, upon a change of control, the holders of 2021 Notes have the right to require WESCO Distribution to repurchase all or any part of the 2021 Notes at a redemption price equal to 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Mortgage Financing Facility In 2003, WESCO finalized a mortgage financing facility of $51.0 million. This facility was extinguished with repayments of $26.4 million in the first quarter of 2013. The interest rate on borrowings under this facility was fixed at 6.5%. Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility On September 24, 2015, WESCO Distribution, Inc. amended and restated its accounts receivable securitization facility (the “Receivables Facility”) pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Fourth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement (the “Receivables Purchase Agreement”), by and among WESCO Receivables Corp. (“WESCO Receivables”), WESCO Distribution, Inc., the various purchaser groups from time to time party thereto and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator. The Receivables Purchase Agreement amended and restated the receivables purchase agreement entered into on April 13, 2009. The Receivables Purchase Agreement increased the purchase limit from $500 million to $550 million, with the opportunity to exercise an accordion feature which permits increases in the purchase limit of up to $100 million, extended the term of the Receivables Facility to September 24, 2018 and added and amended certain defined terms. The interest rate spread and commitment fee of the Receivables Facility remained 0.95% and 0.45%, respectively. Under the Receivables Facility, WESCO sells, on a continuous basis, an undivided interest in all domestic accounts receivable to WESCO Receivables Corp., a wholly owned special purpose entity (the “SPE”). The SPE sells, without recourse, a senior undivided interest in the receivables to financial institutions for cash while maintaining a subordinated undivided interest in the receivables, in the form of overcollateralization. WESCO has agreed to continue servicing the sold receivables for the third-party conduits and financial institutions at market rates; accordingly, no servicing asset or liability has been recorded. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, accounts receivable eligible for securitization totaled approximately $684.7 million and $673.6 million, respectively. The Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 include $525.0 million and $430.0 million, respectively, of account receivable balances legally sold to third parties, as well as borrowings for equal amounts. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the interest rate on borrowings under this facility was approximately 1.4% and 1.0%, respectively. Revolving Credit Facility On September 24, 2015, WESCO International, Inc., WESCO Distribution, Inc. and certain other subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $600 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which contains a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $125 million, pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). The Revolving Credit Facility contains an accordion feature allowing WESCO Distribution, Inc. to request increases to the borrowing commitments, subject to customary conditions. This accordion feature increased from $100 million to $200 million in the aggregate. The Revolving Credit Facility replaced WESCO Distribution Inc.’s prior revolving credit facility entered into on December 12, 2012. The Revolving Credit Facility matures in September 2020 and consists of two separate sub-facilities: (i) a Canadian sub-facility with a borrowing limit of up to $400 million, which is collateralized by substantially all assets of WESCO Canada and the other Canadian Borrowers, other than, among other things, real property, in each case, subject to customary exceptions and limitations, and (ii) a U.S sub-facility with a borrowing limit of up to $600 million less the amount of outstanding borrowings under the Canadian sub-facility. The U.S. sub-facility is collateralized by substantially all assets of WESCO Distribution, Inc. and its subsidiaries which are party to the Credit Agreement, other than, among other things, real property and accounts receivable sold or intended to be sold pursuant to the Receivables Purchase Agreement. The applicable interest rate for borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility includes interest rate spreads based on available borrowing capacity that range between 1.25% and 1.75% for LIBOR-based borrowings and 0.25% and 0.75% for prime rate-based borrowings. At December 31, 2015, the interest rate on borrowings under this facility was approximately 1.7%. 40 WESCO International, Inc. The Credit Agreement requires ongoing compliance with certain customary affirmative and negative covenants. The Credit Agreement contains customary events of default. During 2015, WESCO borrowed $1,276.0 million in the aggregate under the Revolving Credit Facility and prior revolving credit facility and made repayments in the aggregate amount of $1,209.0 million. During 2014, aggregate borrowings and repayments were $1,046.5 million and $1,059.7 million, respectively. WESCO had $438.7 million available under the Revolving Credit facility at December 31, 2015, after giving effect to outstanding letters and international lines of credit, as compared to approximately $497.5 million at December 31, 2014. International Lines of Credit Certain foreign subsidiaries of WESCO have entered into uncommitted lines of credit, which serve as overdraft facilities, to support local operations. The maximum borrowing limit varies by facility and ranges between $2.0 million and $19.0 million. The applicable interest rate for borrowings under these lines of credit varies by country and is governed by the applicable loan agreement. The international lines of credit are renewable on an annual basis and certain facilities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by WESCO Distribution. Accordingly, these lines directly reduce availability under the Revolving Credit Facility. 6.0% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2029 On August 27, 2009, WESCO International completed an exchange offer pursuant to which it issued $345.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.0% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2029 (the “2029 Debentures”) in exchange for approximately $299.7 million and $57.7 million in aggregate principal amounts of its previously outstanding 1.75% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2026 and 2.625% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2025, respectively. As a result of the debt exchange, WESCO recorded a gain of $6.0 million, which included the write-off of debt issuance costs. The 2029 Debentures were issued pursuant to an Indenture dated August 27, 2009 (the “2009 Indenture”), with The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, and are unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured senior subordinate basis by WESCO Distribution. WESCO separately accounts for the liability and equity components of its 2029 Debentures in a manner that reflects its non-convertible debt borrowing rate. WESCO utilized an interest rate of 13.875% to reflect the non-convertible debt borrowing rate of its offering upon issuance, which was determined based on discussions with its financial institutions and a review of relevant market data, and resulted in a $181.2 million discount to the 2029 Debenture balance and a net increase in additional capital of $106.5 million. In addition, the financing costs related to the issuance of the 2029 Debentures were allocated between the debt and equity components. WESCO is amortizing the debt discount and financing costs over the life of the instrument. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, non-cash interest expense for the amortization of the debt discount and deferred financing fees was $4.2 million, $3.8 million and $3.2 million, respectively. The amortization of the debt discount and deferred financing fees will approximate $4.8 million in 2016, $5.4 million in 2017, $6.1 million in 2018, $6.9 million in 2019, and $7.9 million in 2020. While the 2029 Debentures accrue interest at an effective interest rate of 13.875% (as described above), the coupon interest rate of 6.0% per annum is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on each March 15 and September 15. Beginning with the six-month period commencing September 15, 2016, WESCO International will also pay contingent interest during any six-month period in which the trading price of the 2029 Debentures for each of the five trading days ending on the second trading day immediately preceding the first day of the applicable six-month interest period equals or exceeds 120% of the principal amount of the 2029 Debentures. During any six-month period when contingent interest shall be payable, the contingent interest payable per $1,000 principal amount of 2029 Debentures will equal 0.25% of the average trading price of $1,000 principal amount of the 2029 Debentures during the five trading days ending on the second trading day immediately preceding the first day of the applicable six-month interest period. The contingent interest feature is an embedded derivative that is not considered clearly and closely related to the host contract. Accordingly, the contingent interest component had no significant value at December 31, 2015 or 2014. 2015 Annual Report 41 The 2029 Debentures are convertible into cash, and in certain circumstances, shares of WESCO International’s common stock, $0.01 par value, at any time on or after September 15, 2028, or prior to September 15, 2028 in certain circumstances. The 2029 Debentures will be convertible based on an initial conversion rate of 34.6433 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2029 Debentures (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $28.87 per share). The conversion rate and conversion price may be adjusted under certain circumstances. At any time on or after September 15, 2016, the Company may redeem all or a part of the 2029 Debentures plus accrued and unpaid interest (including contingent interest and additional interest, if any) to, but not including, the redemption date. If WESCO International undergoes certain fundamental changes, as defined in the 2009 Indenture, prior to maturity, holders of the 2029 Debentures will have the right, at their option, to require WESCO International to repurchase for cash some or all of their 2029 Debentures at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2029 Debentures being repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest (including contingent interest and additional interest, if any) to, but not including, the repurchase date. The following table sets forth the components of WESCO’s outstanding convertible debenture indebtedness: December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Principal Balance Discount Net Carrying Amount Principal Balance Discount Net Carrying Amount (in thousands) 2029 Convertible Debentures $ 344,873 $ (163,316) $ 181,557 $ 344,895 $ (167,257) $ 177,638 Covenant Compliance We were in compliance with all relevant covenants contained in our debt agreements as of December 31, 2015. Cash Flow An analysis of cash flows for 2015 and 2014 follows: Operating Activities. Cash provided by operating activities for 2015 totaled $283.1 million, compared with $251.2 million of cash generated in 2014. Cash provided by operating activities included net income of $208.4 million and adjustments to net income totaling $121.2 million. Other sources of cash in 2015 were generated from decreases in other accounts receivable of $57.2 million, trade receivables of $40.1 million and inventory of $2.4 million. Primary uses of cash in 2015 included a $66.8 million decrease in other current and noncurrent liabilities, a $55.9 million decrease in accounts payable, a $15.0 million decrease in accrued payroll and benefit costs, and a $8.5 million increase in prepaid expenses and other noncurrent assets. In 2014, primary sources of cash were net income of $275.4 million and adjustments to net income totaling $83.9 million. Other sources of cash in 2014 were generated from increases in accounts payable of $37.6 million, accrued payroll and benefit cost of $7.6 million, and other current and noncurrent liabilities of $11.2 million. Primary uses of cash in 2014 included a $89.0 million increase in trade receivables, a $36.8 million increase in inventory, a $27.0 million increase in prepaid expenses and other noncurrent assets, and a $11.7 million increase in other accounts receivable. Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities in 2015 was $170.2 million, compared with $144.1 million of net cash used in 2014. Capital expenditures were $21.7 million and $20.5 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Proceeds from the sale of assets were $3.1 million and $15.0 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively. During 2015, the Company paid $151.6 million, primarily to acquire Hill Country and Needham. During 2014, the Company paid $133.8 million to acquire LaPrairie, Hazmasters and Hi-Line. Acquisition payments in 2014 also included a post-close payment to EECOL in the amount of $4.8 million. 42 WESCO International, Inc. Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities in 2015 was $67.8 million, compared with $95.5 million in 2014. During 2015, financing activities consisted of borrowings and repayments of $1,276.0 million and $1,209.0 million, respectively, related to our Revolving Credit Facility, borrowings and repayments of $252.6 million and $157.6 million, respectively, related to our Receivables Facility, and repayments of $69.2 million related to our Term Loan Facility. Financing activities in 2015 also included borrowings and repayments on our various international lines of credit of $102.0 million and $100.3 million, respectively. Additionally, financing activities in 2015 included the repurchase of $155.8 million of the Company’s common stock, $150.0 million of which was pursuant to the repurchase plan announced on December 17, 2014. During 2014, financing activities consisted of borrowings and repayments of $1,046.5 million and $1,059.7 million, respectively, related to our Revolving Credit Facility, borrowings and repayments of $122.1 million and $145.7 million, respectively, related to our Receivables Facility, repayments of $38.8 million related to our Term Loan Facility. Financing activities in 2014 also included borrowings and repayments on our various international lines of credit of $71.3 million and $57.8 million, respectively. Contractual Cash Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments The following summarizes our contractual obligations, including interest, at December 31, 2015 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on liquidity and cash flow in future periods. Years ending December 31, (in millions) Contractual cash obligations (including interest): Debt, excluding debt discount Interest on indebtedness(1) Non-cancelable operating leases Total contractual cash obligations 2016 2017 to 2018 2019 to 2020 2021 - After Total $ 44.3 64.8 56.6 $ 165.7 $ $ 526.2 122.9 88.4 737.5 $ $ 250.0 103.5 52.0 405.5 $ 845.0 206.8 53.2 $ 1,105.0 $ 1,665.5 498.0 250.2 $ 2,413.7 (1) Interest on the variable rate debt was calculated using the rates and balances outstanding at December 31, 2015. Purchase orders for inventory requirements and service contracts are not included in the table above. Generally, our purchase orders and contracts contain clauses allowing for cancellation. We do not have significant agreements to purchase material or goods that would specify minimum order quantities. Also, we do not consider liabilities for uncertain tax benefits to be contractual obligations requiring disclosure due to the uncertainty surrounding the ultimate settlement and timing of these liabilities. As such, we have not included liabilities for uncertain tax benefits of $6.5 million in the table above. INFLATION The rate of inflation, as measured by changes in the producer price index, affects different commodities, the cost of products purchased and ultimately the pricing of our different products and product classes to our customers. Our pricing related to inflation did not have a measurable impact on our sales revenue for the year ended December 31, 2015. Historically, price changes from suppliers have been consistent with inflation and have not had a material impact on the results of operations. SEASONALITY Our operating results are not significantly affected by seasonal factors. Sales during the first quarter are affected by a reduced level of activity. Sales during the second, third and fourth quarters are generally 5 - 7% higher than the first quarter. Sales typically increase beginning in March, with slight fluctuations per month through October. During periods of economic expansion or contraction our sales by quarter have varied significantly from this pattern. IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS See Note 2 of our Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the effect of new accounting pronouncements. 2015 Annual Report 43 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks. FOREIGN CURRENCY RISKS Approximately 25% of our sales in 2015 were made by our foreign subsidiaries located in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia and are denominated in foreign currencies. We may establish additional foreign subsidiaries in the future. Accordingly, we may derive a larger portion of our sales from international operations, and a portion of these sales may be denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, our future operating results could become subject to fluctuations in the exchange rates of those currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. Furthermore, to the extent that we engage in international sales denominated in U.S. dollars, an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our products less competitive in international markets. We have monitored and will continue to monitor our exposure to currency fluctuations. INTEREST RATE RISK Fixed Rate Borrowings: Approximately 51% of our debt portfolio is comprised of fixed rate debt. At various times, we have refinanced our debt to mitigate the impact of interest rate fluctuations. As the 2021 Notes and 2029 Debentures were issued at fixed rates, interest expense would not be impacted by interest rate fluctuations, although market value would be. The fair value of the 2029 Debentures was $514.2 million, at December 31, 2015. For the 2021 Notes, fair value approximated carrying value.(see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Floating Rate Borrowings: The Company’s variable rate borrowings at December 31, 2015 were comprised of the amounts outstanding under the Term Loan Facility, Receivables Facility, Revolving Credit Facility, and the international lines of credit. The fair value of these debt instruments at December 31, 2015 approximated carrying value, which totaled $818.1 million. We entered into the Term Loan Facility on December 12, 2012 and the proceeds were primarily used to finance the acquisition of EECOL. Borrowings under the U.S. sub-facility of the term loans due 2019 bear interest at 0.75% or, if greater, the applicable LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) or base rates plus applicable margins and therefore are subject to fluctuations in interest rates. We borrow under our Revolving Credit Facility and Receivables Facility for general corporate purposes, including working capital requirements and capital expenditures. Borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at the applicable LIBOR / CDOR (Canadian Dealer Offered Rate) or base rates plus applicable margins, whereas borrowings under the Receivables Facility bear interest at the 30 day LIBOR plus applicable margins. A 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would not have a significant impact on future earnings under our current capital structure. 44 WESCO International, Inc. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. The information required by this item is set forth in our Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Specific financial statements can be found at the pages listed below: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements PAGE 45 46 47 48 50 51 2015 Annual Report 45 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC.: In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive (loss) income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of WESCO International, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania February 22, 2016 46 WESCO International, Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES December 31, (in thousands, except share data) Assets Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $22,587 and $21,084 in 2015 and 2014, respectively Other accounts receivable Inventories Current deferred income taxes (Note 9) Income taxes receivable Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property, buildings and equipment, net (Note 6) Intangible assets, net (Note 3) Goodwill (Note 3) Deferred income taxes (Note 9) Other assets Total assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Current Liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued payroll and benefit costs (Note 11) Short-term debt (Note 7) Current portion of long-term debt (Note 7) Bank overdrafts Income taxes payable Other current liabilities Total current liabilities Long-term debt, net of discount of $164,342 and $170,367 in 2015 and 2014, respectively (Note 7) Deferred income taxes (Note 9) Other noncurrent liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) Stockholders’ Equity: Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding (Note 8) Common stock, $.01 par value; 210,000,000 shares authorized, 58,597,380 and 58,400,736 shares issued and 42,173,790 and 44,489,989 shares outstanding in 2015 and 2014, respectively (Note 8) Class B nonvoting convertible common stock, $.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, 4,339,431 issued and no shares outstanding in 2015 and 2014, respectively Additional capital Retained earnings Treasury stock, at cost; 20,763,021 and 18,250,178 shares in 2015 and 2014, respectively Accumulated other comprehensive income Total WESCO International stockholders’ equity Noncontrolling interest Total stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 2015 2014 $ 160,279 $ 128,319 1,075,257 81,242 810,067 8,455 73,814 48,420 2,257,534 166,739 403,649 1,681,662 18,221 59,620 1,117,420 138,745 819,502 35,916 56,162 54,274 2,350,338 182,725 429,840 1,735,440 22,414 33,680 $ 4,587,425 $ 4,754,437 $ 715,519 $ 51,258 43,314 1,025 34,170 29,212 73,303 947,801 765,135 67,935 46,787 2,343 36,048 23,136 122,488 1,063,872 1,456,761 364,838 44,154 1,366,430 346,743 49,227 $ 2,813,554 $ 2,826,272 — — 586 584 43 1,117,421 1,854,456 43 1,102,369 1,643,914 (772,679) (423,155) 1,776,672 (2,801) 1,773,871 (616,366) (201,892) 1,928,652 (487) 1,928,165 $ 4,587,425 $ 4,754,437 Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Loss) 2015 Annual Report 47 WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Year Ended December 31, (in thousands, except per share data) Net sales Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) Selling, general and administrative expenses Depreciation and amortization Income from operations Interest expense, net Loss on debt extinguishment (Note 7) Loss on sale of business Income before income taxes Provision for income taxes (Note 9) Net income Less: Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. 2015 2014 2013 $ 7,518,487 $ 7,889,626 $ 7,513,342 5,967,892 996,810 67,642 480,998 85,607 13,225 2,315 379,851 103,333 276,518 88 276,430 6,278,584 1,076,808 68,017 466,217 82,064 — — 384,153 108,716 275,437 (469) 275,906 $ 6,024,826 1,054,951 64,968 373,742 69,832 — — 303,910 95,537 208,373 (2,314) 210,687 $ $ Other comprehensive (loss) income: Foreign currency translation adjustment Post retirement benefit plan adjustment (Note 11) Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. Earnings per share attributable to WESCO International, Inc. (Note 10) Basic Diluted The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. (225,795) 4,532 (10,576) $ (120,293) (5,056) 150,557 $ (83,172) 7,673 200,931 4.85 $ 6.21 $ 4.18 $ 5.18 $ 6.26 5.25 $ $ $ 48 WESCO International, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES (in thousands, except share data) Balance, December 31, 2012 Exercise of stock-based awards, including tax benefit of $2,022 Stock-based compensation expense Conversion of 2029 debentures Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock Noncontrolling interest Net income Translation adjustment Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $2,244 Balance, December 31, 2013 Exercise of stock-based awards, including tax benefit of $4,899 Stock-based compensation expense Conversion of 2029 debentures Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock Noncontrolling interest Net income Translation adjustment Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $2,447 Balance, December 31, 2014 Exercise of stock-based awards, including tax benefit of $1,403 Stock-based compensation expense Conversion of 2029 debentures Repurchase of common stock Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock Noncontrolling interest Net income Translation adjustment Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $1,661 Balance, December 31, 2015 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. Common Stock Amount Shares Class B Common Stock Amount Shares Additional Capital Treasury Stock Noncontrolling Comprehensive Amount Shares Interest Income (Loss) Retained Earnings (Deficit) Accumulated Other $ $ $ 579 3 (1) — 581 3 — — 584 2 — — 57,824,548 304,441 425 (22,110) 58,107,304 308,399 134 (15,101) 58,400,736 230,206 427 (33,989) $ 43 4,339,431 $ 1,065,550 $ 1,092,719 $ (604,050) (18,102,528) $ (106) $ (1,044) (6,380) (76,747) (745) (763) 276,430 (909) (378) 275,906 2,052 15,917 (2) 5,741 14,766 (1) 1,344 12,899 (2) 3,013 (2,202) (145) 210,687 $ 43 4,339,431 $ 1,082,772 $ 1,368,386 $ (610,430) (18,179,275) $ (18) $ (76,543) (5,936) (70,903) $ 43 4,339,431 $ 1,102,369 $ 1,643,914 $ (616,366) (18,250,178) $ (487) $ (201,892) (3,300) (44,267) (153,013) (2,468,576) 88 (469) (83,172) 7,673 (120,293) (5,056) (2,314) (225,795) 4,532 $ 586 58,597,380 $ 43 4,339,431 $ 1,117,421 $ 1,854,456 $ (772,679) (20,763,021) $ (2,801) $ (423,155) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES (in thousands, except share data) Balance, December 31, 2012 Exercise of stock-based awards, including tax benefit of $2,022 Stock-based compensation expense Conversion of 2029 debentures Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock Noncontrolling interest Net income Translation adjustment Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $2,244 Balance, December 31, 2013 Exercise of stock-based awards, including tax benefit of $4,899 Stock-based compensation expense Conversion of 2029 debentures Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock Noncontrolling interest Net income Translation adjustment Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $2,447 Balance, December 31, 2014 Exercise of stock-based awards, including tax benefit of $1,403 Stock-based compensation expense Conversion of 2029 debentures Repurchase of common stock Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock Noncontrolling interest Net income Translation adjustment Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $1,661 Balance, December 31, 2015 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 2015 Annual Report 49 Common Stock Amount Shares Class B Common Stock Shares Amount Additional Capital Retained Earnings (Deficit) Treasury Stock Amount Shares Noncontrolling Interest Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 579 3 (1) — 581 3 — — 584 2 — — 57,824,548 304,441 425 (22,110) 58,107,304 308,399 134 (15,101) 58,400,736 230,206 427 (33,989) $ $ 43 4,339,431 $ 1,065,550 $ 1,092,719 $ 2,052 15,917 (2) (745) (763) 276,430 $ $ 43 4,339,431 $ 1,082,772 $ 1,368,386 $ 5,741 14,766 (1) (909) (378) 275,906 $ $ 43 4,339,431 $ 1,102,369 $ 1,643,914 $ 1,344 12,899 (2) 3,013 (2,202) (145) 210,687 (604,050) (6,380) (18,102,528) $ (76,747) (106) $ (1,044) 88 (610,430) (5,936) (18,179,275) $ (70,903) (18) $ (469) (616,366) (3,300) (18,250,178) $ (44,267) (487) $ (153,013) (2,468,576) (2,314) (83,172) 7,673 (76,543) (120,293) (5,056) (201,892) (225,795) 4,532 (423,155) $ 586 58,597,380 $ 43 4,339,431 $ 1,117,421 $ 1,854,456 $ (772,679) (20,763,021) $ (2,801) $ 50 WESCO International, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) Operating Activities: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Stock-based compensation expense Amortization of debt issuance costs Amortization of debt discount Loss on debt extinguishment Gain on sale of property, buildings and equipment (Gain) loss on sale of businesses Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation Interest related to uncertain tax positions, net Deferred income taxes Changes in assets and liabilities: Trade receivables, net Other accounts receivable Inventories, net Prepaid expenses and other assets Accounts payable Accrued payroll and benefit costs Other current and noncurrent liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities Investing Activities: Capital expenditures Acquisition payments, net of cash acquired Proceeds from sale of assets Other investing activities Net cash used in investing activities Financing Activities: Proceeds from issuance of short-term debt Repayments of short-term debt Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt Repayments of long-term debt Repayment of deferred acquisition payable Debt issuance costs Proceeds from the exercise of stock options Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation Repurchase of common stock (Note 10) Decrease in bank overdrafts Payments on capital lease obligations Net cash used in financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Net change in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period Supplemental disclosures: Cash paid for interest Cash paid for taxes Non-cash investing and financing activities: Property, buildings and equipment acquired through capital leases The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 2015 2014 2013 $ 208,373 $ 275,437 $ 276,518 64,968 12,899 6,120 6,075 — (45) (1,319) (1,569) (8,739) 42,850 40,102 57,242 2,410 (8,517) (55,914) (15,015) (66,872) 283,049 (21,658) (151,595) 3,023 — (170,230) 68,017 14,766 4,426 4,136 — (7,733) — (5,705) 964 4,979 (89,029) (11,659) (36,847) (27,020) 37,587 7,619 11,218 251,156 (20,548) (138,630) 14,991 — (144,187) 67,642 15,917 4,880 4,308 13,229 (4,174) 2,315 (3,631) 599 20,634 (30,464) (42,983) (9,339) (19,196) 37,789 (19,163) 260 315,141 (27,825) — 10,807 (1,205) (18,223) 102,033 (101,353) 1,528,578 (1,435,820) — (3,359) — 1,569 (155,805) (2,013) (1,645) (67,815) (13,044) 31,960 128,319 160,279 $ 71,308 (57,827) 1,168,580 (1,244,173) (29,395) (472) 838 5,705 (7,222) (1,258) (1,574) (95,490) (6,885) 4,594 123,725 128,319 $ 72,895 (58,288) 1,429,956 (1,682,189) — (12,222) 30 3,631 (7,890) (1,954) (1,488) (257,519) (1,773) 37,626 86,099 123,725 $ $ 66,342 $ 74,213 74,016 $ 107,147 75,462 90,678 288 1,091 1,970 2015 Annual Report 51 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 1. ORGANIZATION WESCO International, Inc. (“WESCO International”) and its subsidiaries (collectively, “WESCO”), headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a full-line distributor of electrical, industrial and communications maintenance, repair and operating (“MRO”) and original equipment manufacturers (“OEM”) products, construction materials, and advanced supply chain management and logistics services used primarily in the industrial, construction, utility and commercial, institutional and government markets. We serve over 80,000 active customers globally through approximately 500 full service branches primarily located in North America, with operations in 14 additional countries, and nine distribution centers located in the United States and Canada. 2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of WESCO International, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Revision The Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 include certain reclassifications to previously reported amounts to conform to the current period presentation. Specifically, treasury stock and related shares that were previously reported as tax withholding related to vesting of restricted units and retirement of common stock are presented herein as a component of the exercise of stock-based awards. Additionally, the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2014, as presented herein, separately reports income taxes payable. Previously, the amount of income taxes payable was reported as a component of other current liabilities. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying disclosures. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions WESCO may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately differ from the estimates. Revenue Recognition Revenues are recognized for product sales when title, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer or for services when the service is rendered. In the case of stock sales and special orders, a sale occurs at the time of shipment from WESCO’s distribution point, as the terms of WESCO’s sales are typically FOB shipping point. In cases where WESCO processes customer orders but ships directly from its suppliers, revenue is recognized once product is shipped and title has passed. In all cases, revenue is recognized once the sales price to the customer is fixed or is determinable and WESCO has reasonable assurance as to the collectability. In certain customer arrangements, WESCO provides services such as inventory management. WESCO may perform some or all of the following services for customers: determine inventory stocking levels; establish inventory reorder points; launch purchase orders; receive material; pack away material; and pick material for order fulfillment. WESCO recognizes revenue for services rendered during the period based upon a previously negotiated fee arrangement. WESCO also sells inventory to these customers and recognizes revenue at the time title and risk of loss transfers to the customer. The amount of revenue attributed to these services totaled $35.1 million, $31.0 million, and $24.2 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses WESCO includes warehousing, purchasing, branch operations, information services, and marketing and selling expenses in this category, as well as other types of general and administrative costs. 52 WESCO International, Inc. Supplier Volume Rebates WESCO receives volume rebates from certain suppliers based on contractual arrangements with such suppliers. Volume rebates are included within other accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and represent the estimated amounts due to WESCO under the rebate provisions of the various supplier contracts. The corresponding rebate income is recorded as a reduction of cost of goods sold. The appropriate level of such income is derived from the level of actual purchases made by WESCO from suppliers. Receivables under the supplier rebate program were $62.6 million at December 31, 2015 and $82.6 million at December 31, 2014. Supplier volume rebate rates have historically ranged between approximately 0.9% and 1.4% of sales depending on market conditions. In 2015, the rebate rate was 1.0%. Shipping and Handling Costs and Fees WESCO records the costs and fees associated with transporting its products to customers as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses. These costs totaled $59.4 million, $63.6 million and $63.8 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents are defined as highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less when purchased. Asset Securitization WESCO maintains control of the receivables transferred pursuant to its accounts receivable securitization program (the “Receivables Facility”); therefore, the transfers do not qualify for “sale” treatment. As a result, the transferred receivables remain on the balance sheet, and WESCO recognizes the related secured borrowing. The expenses associated with the Receivables Facility are reported as interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Allowance for Doubtful Accounts WESCO maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. WESCO has a systematic procedure using estimates based on historical data and reasonable assumptions of collectability made at the local branch level and on a consolidated corporate basis to calculate the allowance for doubtful accounts. If the financial condition of WESCO’s customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $22.6 million at December 31, 2015 and $21.1 million at December 31, 2014. The total amount recorded as selling, general and administrative expense related to bad debts was $6.1 million, $5.9 million and $2.9 million for 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Inventories Inventories primarily consist of merchandise purchased for resale and are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined principally under the average cost method. WESCO makes provisions for obsolete or slow-moving inventories as necessary to reflect reduction in inventory value. WESCO writes down its inventory to its net realizable value based on internal factors derived from historical analysis of actual losses. Retrospectively, WESCO identifies items at risk of becoming obsolete, which are defined as excess of 36 months supply relative to demand or movement. WESCO then analyzes the ultimate disposition of previously identified excess inventory items when they are sold, returned to supplier, or scrapped. This item by item analysis allows WESCO to develop an estimate of the historical likelihood that an item identified as being in excess supply ultimately becomes obsolete. WESCO applies the estimate to inventory items currently in excess of 36 months supply, and reduces its inventory carrying value by the derived amount. Reserves for excess and obsolete inventories were $24.7 million and $19.9 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The total expense related to excess and obsolete inventories, included in cost of goods sold, was $8.6 million, $6.2 million and $7.5 million for 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. WESCO absorbs into the cost of inventory certain overhead expenses related to inventory such as purchasing, receiving and storage and at December 31, 2015 and 2014, $65.0 million and $62.5 million, respectively, of these costs were included in ending inventory. 2015 Annual Report 53 Other Assets WESCO amortizes deferred financing fees over the term of the various debt instruments. Deferred financing fees in the amount of $3.4 million were incurred during the year ending December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the amount of other assets related to unamortized deferred financing fees was $17.7 million and $20.7 million, respectively. Property, Buildings and Equipment Property, buildings and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation expense is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over either their respective lease terms or their estimated lives, whichever is shorter. Estimated useful lives range from five to forty years for leasehold improvements and buildings and three to ten years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Capitalized computer software costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life, typically three to five years, and are reported at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value. Expenditures for new facilities and improvements that extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. When property is retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any related gains or losses are recorded and reported as selling, general and administrative expenses. WESCO assesses its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of any such assets may not be fully recoverable. Changes in circumstances include technological advances, changes in our business model, capital structure, economic conditions or operating performance. Our evaluation is based upon, among other things, utilization, serviceability and our assumptions about the estimated future undiscounted cash flows these assets are expected to generate. When the sum of the undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset or asset group, we will recognize an impairment loss to the extent that carrying value exceeds fair value. We apply our best judgment when performing these evaluations. Upon closure of any branch, asset usefulness and remaining life are evaluated and charges are taken as appropriate. Of WESCO’s $166.7 million net book value of property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2015, $100.8 million consists of land, buildings and leasehold improvements and are geographically dispersed among WESCO’s 500 branches and nine distribution centers, mitigating the risk of impairment. Approximately $30.9 million of assets consist of computer equipment and capitalized software and are evaluated for use and serviceability relative to carrying value. The remaining fixed assets, mainly furniture and fixtures, warehousing equipment and transportation equipment, are similarly evaluated for serviceability and use. Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter using information available at the end of September, or more frequently if triggering events occur indicating that their carrying value may not be recoverable. WESCO tests for goodwill impairment on a reporting unit level and the evaluation involves comparing the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value. The fair values of the reporting units are determined using a combination of a discounted cash flow analysis and market multiples. Assumptions used for these fair value techniques are based on a combination of historical results, current forecasts, market data and recent economic events. WESCO evaluates the recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets using a discounted cash flow analysis based on projected financial information. The determination of fair value involves significant management judgment and could be negatively affected by the current weak market conditions, including the challenging macroeconomic indicators in the markets in which WESCO operates and those where its customers are based. Management applies its best judgment when assessing the reasonableness of financial projections. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, goodwill and indefinite-lived trademarks totaled $1,773.6 million and $1,840.0 million, respectively. 54 WESCO International, Inc. The estimated fair values of most of WESCO’s reporting units were at least 25% greater than their respective carrying values. One reporting unit with goodwill of $186.7 million had a fair value that was approximately 5% greater than its carrying value. In performing the quantitative assessment for this reporting unit, managment used revenue growth rates of 2.9% to 5.7%, a terminal growth rate of 3% and a discount rate of 9.3%. Management believes that the terminal growth rate is supported by WESCO’s historical growth rate, near-term projections and long-term expected market growth. The discount rate reflects marketplace participants’ cost of capital. Had managment used a discount rate that was 25 basis points higher or a terminal growth rate that was 25 basis points lower than those assumed, the fair value of this reporting unit would have continued to exceed its carrying amount. A possible indicator of goodwill impairment is the relationship of a company’s market capitalization to its book value. As of December 31, 2015, WESCO’s market capitalization exceeded its book value and there were no impairment losses identified as a result of our annual test. Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors. As a result, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible impairment test will prove to be an accurate prediction of future results. Definite Lived Intangible Assets Intangible assets are amortized over 2 to 20 years. A portion of intangible assets related to certain customer relationships are amortized using an accelerated method whereas all other intangible assets subject to amortization use a straight-line method that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the respective assets are consumed or otherwise used. Intangible assets are tested for impairment if events or circumstances occur indicating that the respective asset might be impaired. Insurance Programs WESCO uses commercial insurance for auto, workers’ compensation, casualty and health claims as a risk-reduction strategy to minimize catastrophic losses. The Company’s strategy involves large deductible policies where WESCO must pay all costs up to the deductible amount. WESCO estimates the reserve based on historical incident rates and costs. The assumptions included in developing this accrual include the period of time from incurrence of a claim until the claim is paid by the insurance provider. The total liability related to the insurance programs was $9.8 million and $12.1 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Income Taxes WESCO accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred income taxes for events that have future tax consequences. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized (using enacted tax laws and rates) based on the future income tax effects of differences in the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and tax purposes. The effect of a tax rate change on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period of change. WESCO recognizes deferred tax assets at amounts that are expected to be realized. To make such determination, management evaluates all positive and negative evidence, including but not limited to, prior, current and future taxable income, tax planning strategies and future reversals of existing temporary differences. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is “more likely than not” that some or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. WESCO regularly assesses the realizability of deferred tax assets. No provision is made for undistributed earnings that are considered to be permanently reinvested to fund growth in foreign markets. We account for uncertainty in income taxes using a “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold. Due to the subjectivity inherent in the evaluation of uncertain tax positions, the tax benefit ultimately recognized may materially differ from our estimate. We recognize interest related to uncertain tax benefits as part of interest expense. We recognize penalties related to uncertain tax benefits as part of income tax expense. 2015 Annual Report 55 Convertible Debentures WESCO separately accounts for the liability and equity components of its convertible debentures in a manner that reflects its non-convertible debt borrowing rate. WESCO estimates its non-convertible debt borrowing rate through a combination of discussions with its financial institutions and review of relevant market data. The discounts to the convertible note balances are amortized to interest expense, using the effective interest method, over the implicit life of the Debentures. Foreign Currency The local currency is the functional currency for the majority of WESCO’s operations outside the United States. Assets and liabilities of these operations are translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the end of each period. Income statement accounts are translated at an exchange rate that approximates the average for the period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in net income for the period. Defined Benefit Pension Plan In connection with the December 14, 2012 acquisition of EECOL, the Company assumed a contributory defined benefit plan covering substantially all Canadian employees of EECOL. The plan provides retirement benefits based on earnings and credited service, and participants contribute 2% of their earnings to the plan. The Company also assumed EECOL’s Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP), which provides additional pension benefits to certain executives based on earnings, credited service, and executive service. Participants in the SERP contribute 4% of their earnings to the SERP. Liabilities and expenses for pension benefits are determined using actuarial methodologies and incorporate significant assumptions, including the interest rate used to discount the future estimated cash flows, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, and several assumptions relating to the employee workforce (salary increases, retirement age, and mortality). The interest rate used to discount future estimated cash flows is determined using a high quality corporate bonds yield curve model developed with the assistance of an external actuary. The cash flows of the plans’ projected benefit obligations are discounted using a single equivalent rate derived from yields on high quality corporate bonds. The yield curve model parallels the plans’ projected cash flows. The discount rate used to determine benefit obligations for the Canadian pension was 4.2% in 2015. An increase in the discount rate of one quarter percent would decrease the projected benefit obligation by $4.3 million, and a decrease in the discount rate of one quarter percent would increase the projected benefit obligation by $4.8 million. The impact of a change in the discount rate of one quarter percent would be either a charge or credit of $0.3 million to earnings in the following year. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is applied to the fair market-related value of plan assets. Stock-Based Compensation WESCO’s stock-based employee compensation plans are comprised of stock-settled stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, and performance-based awards. Compensation cost for all stock-based awards is measured at fair value on the date of grant, and compensation cost is recognized, net of forfeitures, over the service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of stock-settled appreciation rights and performance-based awards with market conditions is determined using the Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo simulation models, respectively. The fair value of restricted stock units with service conditions and performance-based awards with performance conditions is determined by the grant-date closing price of WESCO’s common stock. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of our common stock. WESCO estimates the expected life of stock-settled stock appreciation rights using historical data pertaining to option exercises and employee terminations. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant. The forfeiture assumption is based on our historical employee behavior, which we review on an annual basis. No dividends are assumed for stock-based awards. 56 WESCO International, Inc. Treasury Stock Common stock purchased for treasury is recorded at cost. At the date of subsequent reissue, the treasury stock account is reduced by the cost of such stock, with cost determined on a weighted-average basis. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, and outstanding indebtedness. The estimated fair value of the Company’s outstanding indebtedness described in Note 7 at December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $1,821.2 million and $2,177.6 million, respectively. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the fair value of WESCO’s 2029 Debentures was $514.2 million and $936.1 million, respectively. The reported carrying amounts of WESCO’s other debt instruments approximate their fair values. The Company uses a market approach to fair value all of its debt instruments, utilizing quoted prices in active markets, interest rates and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving similar instruments. For all of the Company’s remaining financial instruments, carrying values are considered to approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Environmental Expenditures WESCO has facilities and operations that distribute certain products that must comply with environmental regulations and laws. Expenditures for current operations are expensed or capitalized, as appropriate. Expenditures relating to existing conditions caused by past operations, and that do not contribute to future revenue, are expensed. Liabilities are recorded when remedial efforts are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements None. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In May 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued updated guidance to remove the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value (NAV) per share practical expedient. The practical expedient criteria differ from the criteria used to categorize other fair value measurements within the hierarchy. Currently, investments valued using the practical expedient are categorized within the fair value hierarchy on the basis of whether the investment is redeemable with the investee at NAV on the measurement date, never redeemable with the investee at NAV, or redeemable with the investee at NAV at a future date. Under this updated guidance, investments for which fair value is measured at NAV per share (or its equivalent) using the practical expedient should not be categorized in the fair value hierarchy. A reporting entity should continue to disclose information on investments for which fair value is measured at net asset value (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient to help users understand the nature and risks of the investments and whether the investments, if sold, are probable of being sold at amounts different from net asset value. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be applied retrospectively. The retrospective approach requires that an investment for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient be removed from the fair value hierarchy in all periods presented in an entity’s financial statements. Earlier application is permitted. Management has not yet evaluated the future impact of this guidance on WESCO’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of Effective Date. The Company previously reported that in May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides a framework for addressing revenue recognition issues and replaces almost all existing revenue recognition guidance in current U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is for companies to recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 will also result in enhanced disclosures about revenue, provide guidance for transactions that were not previously addressed comprehensively, and improve guidance for multiple-element arrangements. The amendments in ASU 2015-14 defer the effective date of the new revenue recognition guidance to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted to the original effective date of December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Management is currently evaluating the future impact of this guidance on WESCO’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. 2015 Annual Report 57 In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-15, Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements. The Company previously reported that in April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs by requiring that debt issuance costs related to a recognized liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The amendments in ASU 2015-15 address the absence of authoritative guidance within ASU 2015-03 for debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements such that the SEC staff would not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. ASU 2015-15 and ASU 2015-03 are effective for financial statements of public business entities issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on WESCO’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations: Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement- Period Adjustments. The amendments in this ASU require that an acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined; calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. For public business entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively with earlier application permitted for financial statements that have not been issued. The adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on WESCO’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This ASU is part of the FASB’s simplification initiative directed at reducing complexity in accounting standards. To simplify presentation, the new guidance requires that all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowance, be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. As a result, each jurisdiction will now only have one net noncurrent deferred tax asset or liability. The guidance does not change the existing requirement that only permits offsetting within a jurisdiction. For public business entities, the amendments are effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The guidance may be applied either prospectively, for all deferred tax assets and liabilities, or retrospectively (i.e., reclassifying the comparative balance sheet). Management is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, and expects to adopt this guidance in the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016. Other pronouncements issued by the FASB or other authoritative accounting standards groups with future effective dates are either not applicable or are not expected to be significant to WESCO’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 3. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill The following table sets forth the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) Beginning balance January 1 Foreign currency exchange rate changes Additions to goodwill for acquisitions Ending balance December 31 WESCO has never recorded an impairment loss related to goodwill. 2015 2014 $ 1,735,440 $ 1,734,391 (61,347) 62,396 $ 1,681,662 $ 1,735,440 (113,719) 59,941 58 WESCO International, Inc. Intangible Assets The components of intangible assets are as follows: December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Gross Carrying Life Amount(1) Accumulated Amortization(1) Net Carrying Amount Gross Carrying Amount(1) Accumulated Amortization(1) Net Carrying Amount (in thousands) Intangible assets: Trademarks Trademarks Non-compete agreements Customer relationships Distribution agreements Patents Total Indefinite $ 4-15 91,945 $ 22,793 — $ (1,581) 91,945 $ 21,212 104,532 $ 5,085 — $ (594) 104,532 4,491 2-7 429 (201) 228 295 (95) 200 2-20 339,820 (95,634) 244,186 342,224 (76,267) 265,957 10-19 10 38,726 48,310 $ 542,023 $ (16,595) (24,363) (138,374) $ 22,131 23,947 40,222 48,310 403,649 $ 540,668 $ (14,340) (19,532) (110,828) $ 25,882 28,778 429,840 (1) Excludes the original cost and accumulated amortization of fully-amortized intangible assets. Amortization expense related to intangible assets totaled $36.9 million, $39.0 million and $38.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The following table sets forth the estimated amortization expense for intangibles for the next five years: Years ending December 31, (in thousands) 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 $ Estimated Amortization Expense 36,795 35,970 34,539 33,341 30,291 WESCO has never recorded an impairment loss related to intangible assets. 4. CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK AND SIGNIFICANT SUPPLIERS WESCO distributes its products and services and extends credit to a large number of customers in the industrial, construction, utility, commercial, institutional, and governmental markets. Therefore, WESCO could potentially incur risk due to supplier concentration. Our largest supplier is Eaton Corporation, accounting for approximately 11% of our purchases in 2015 and 12% in 2014 and 2013, respectively. Based upon WESCO’s broad customer base, the Company has concluded that it has no material credit risk as a result of customer concentration. 2015 Annual Report 59 5. ACQUISITIONS The following table sets forth the consideration paid for acquisitions: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) Details of acquisitions: Fair value of assets acquired Fair value of liabilities assumed Cash paid for acquisitions Supplemental cash flow disclosure related to acquisitions: Cash paid for acquisitions Less: cash acquired Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired 2015 2014 2013 $ $ $ $ 192,099 $ (39,836) 152,263 $ 153,597 $ (19,772) 133,825 $ 152,263 $ (668) 151,595 $ 133,825 $ — 133,825 $ — — — — — — The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the year ended December 31, 2015, which are primarily for the acquisitions of Hill Country Electric Supply, LP (“Hill Country”) and Needham Electric Supply Corporation (“Needham”), are based upon preliminary calculations and valuations. WESCO’s estimates and assumptions for its preliminary purchase price allocations are subject to change as it obtains additional information for its estimates during the respective measurement periods (up to one year from the respective acquisition dates). Acquisition of Needham Electric Supply Corporation On October 30, 2015, WESCO Distribution, Inc. completed the acquisition of Needham, an electrical distributor focused on the commercial construction and lighting national account markets from 24 locations in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont with approximately $115 million in annual sales. WESCO funded the purchase price paid at closing with cash and borrowings under its Revolving Credit Facility. The purchase price was allocated to the respective assets and liabilities based upon their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The preliminary fair value of intangibles was estimated by management and the allocation resulted in intangible assets of $31.0 million and goodwill of $35.7 million. The intangible assets include customer relationships of $24.5 million amortized over 12 and 14 years, and trademarks of $6.5 million amortized over 13 years. No residual value is estimated for the intangible assets being amortized. Management believes that the majority of goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. Acquisition of Hill Country Electric Supply, LP On May 1, 2015, WESCO Distribution, Inc. completed the acquisition of Hill Country, an electrical distributor focused on the commercial construction market from nine locations in Central and South Texas with approximately $140 million in annual sales. WESCO funded the purchase price paid at closing with borrowings under its prior revolving credit facility. The purchase price was allocated to the respective assets and liabilities based upon their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The preliminary fair value of intangibles was estimated by management and the allocation resulted in intangible assets of $21.1 million and goodwill of $15.8 million. The intangible assets include customer relationships of $13.1 million amortized over 11 years, non-compete agreements of $0.2 million amortized over 5 years, and trademarks of $7.8 million amortized over 12 years. No residual value is estimated for the intangible assets being amortized. Management believes that the majority of goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. Acquisitions of LaPrairie, Inc., Hazmasters, Inc. and Hi-Line Utility Supply On February 1, 2014, WESCO Distribution, Inc., through its wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary, completed the acquisition of LaPrairie, Inc. (“LaPrairie”), a wholesale distributor of electrical products with approximately $30 million in annual sales servicing the transmission, distribution, and substation needs of utilities and utility contractors from a single location in Newmarket, Ontario. WESCO funded the purchase price paid at closing with cash. The purchase price was allocated to the respective assets and liabilities based upon their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The fair value of intangibles was determined by management and the allocation resulted in intangible assets of $11.0 million and goodwill of $8.9 million. The majority of goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. 60 WESCO International, Inc. On March 17, 2014, WESCO Distribution, Inc., through its wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary, completed the acquisition of Hazmasters, Inc. (“Hazmasters”), a leading independent Canadian distributor of safety products with approximately $80 million in annual sales servicing customers in the industrial, construction, commercial, institution, and government markets from 14 branches across Canada. WESCO funded the purchase price paid at closing with cash and borrowings under its prior revolving credit facility. The purchase price was allocated to the respective assets and liabilities based upon their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The fair value of intangibles was estimated by management and the allocation resulted in intangible assets of $28.1 million and goodwill of $29.5 million, which is not deductible for tax purposes. On June 11, 2014, WESCO Distribution, Inc., completed the acquisition of Hi-Line Utility Supply (“Hi-Line”), a provider of utility MRO and safety products, as well as rubber goods testing and certification services, with approximately $30 million in annual sales from locations in Chicago, Illinois and Millbury, Massachusetts. WESCO funded the purchase price paid at closing with cash. The purchase price was allocated to the respective assets and liabilities based upon their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The fair value of intangibles was estimated by management and the allocation resulted in intangible assets of $14.2 million and goodwill of $24.0 million. The majority of goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. For the acquisitions of LaPrairie, Hazmasters, and Hi-Line that were made in 2014, the intangible assets include customer relationships of $38.9 million amortized over 2 to 12 years, supplier relationships of $3.2 million amortized over 10 years, trademarks of $10.9 million, and other intangibles of $0.3 million. Certain trademarks have been assigned an indefinite life while others are amortized over 5 years and 10 years. No residual value is estimated for the intangible assets being amortized. 6. PROPERTY, BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT The following table sets forth the components of property, buildings and equipment: As of December 31, (in thousands) Buildings and leasehold improvements Furniture, fixtures and equipment Software costs Accumulated depreciation and amortization Land Construction in progress Total property, buildings and equipment, net 2015 2014 $ $ 118,520 $ 176,247 86,259 381,026 (243,005) 138,021 26,121 2,597 166,739 $ 126,465 176,302 77,288 380,055 (229,196) 150,859 30,818 1,048 182,725 Depreciation expense was $17.8 million, $18.5 million and $18.2 million, and capitalized software amortization was $10.3 million, $10.5 million and $10.8 million, in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The unamortized software cost was $24.5 million and $24.1 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Furniture, fixtures and equipment include capitalized leases of $12.5 million and $13.2 million and related accumulated amortization of $8.3 million and $7.3 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 7. DEBT The following table sets forth WESCO’s outstanding indebtedness: As of December 31, (in thousands) Term Loan Facility, less debt discount of $1,026 and $3,110 in 2015 and 2014, respectively 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility Revolving Credit Facility International lines of credit 6.0% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2029, less debt discount of $163,316 and $167,257 in 2015 and 2014, respectively Capital leases Other notes Total debt Less current and short-term portion Total long-term debt Term Loan Facility 2015 Annual Report 61 2015 2014 $ 173,724 $ 500,000 525,000 75,000 43,314 249,235 500,000 430,000 8,000 46,787 181,557 2,505 — 1,501,100 (44,339) 177,638 3,891 9 1,415,560 (49,130) $ 1,456,761 $ 1,366,430 On December 12, 2012, WESCO Distribution, as U.S. borrower, WDCC Enterprises Inc. (“WDCC” and together with WESCO Distribution, the “Borrowers”), as Canadian borrower, and WESCO International entered into a Term Loan Agreement (the “Term Loan Agreement”) among WESCO Distribution, WDCC, the Company, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent and as collateral agent. The Term Loan Agreement provided a seven-year term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”), which consisted of two separate sub-facilities: (i) a Canadian sub-facility in an aggregate principal amount of CAD $150 million, issued at a 2.0% discount and (ii) a U.S. sub-facility in an aggregate principal amount of $700 million, issued at a 1.0% discount. The proceeds of the Term Loan Facility were used to finance the acquisition of EECOL, and to pay fees and expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition and certain other transactions. Subject to the terms of the Term Loan Agreement, the Borrowers may request incremental term loans from time to time in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed at any time $300 million, with an equivalent principal amount in U.S. Dollars being calculated for any incremental term loan denominated in Canadian Dollars. On November 19, 2013, the Borrowers and WESCO International entered into an amendment (the “Term Loan Amendment”) to the Term Loan Agreement. The Term Loan Amendment, among other things, reduced the applicable margin on U.S. term loans by 0.50% and the LIBOR floor applicable to the U.S. sub-facility from 1.00% to 0.75%. The modified pricing terms were effective December 13, 2013. On November 26, 2013, WESCO Distribution sold $500 million aggregate principal amount of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 (the “2021 Notes”), and used the net proceeds plus excess cash to prepay $500 million under the Company’s U.S. sub-facility of the Term Loan Facility (see discussion below under “5.375% Senior Notes due 2021” for additional information). The prepayment satisfied all remaining quarterly repayment obligations under the U.S. sub-facility. As a result, the Company recorded a non-cash pre-tax loss on debt extinguishment of $13.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2013. WESCO will amortize the remaining debt discount and financing costs over the life of the instrument. As of December 31, 2015, the amount outstanding under the U.S. sub-facility was $174.8 million. The Canadian sub-facility was fully repaid in 2015 using cash provided by Canadian operations. 62 WESCO International, Inc. Borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at base rates plus applicable margins. At December 31, 2015, the interest rate on borrowings under the U.S. sub-facility was 3.75%. At December 31, 2014, the interest rates on borrowings under the Canadian and U.S. sub-facilities were approximately 5.3% and 3.75%, respectively. To the extent not previously paid, the outstanding U.S. sub-facility will become due and payable on December 12, 2019, with any unpaid incremental term loans becoming due and payable on the respective maturity dates applicable to those incremental term loans. At any time or from time to time, the Borrowers may prepay borrowings under the Term Loan Facility in whole or in part without premium or penalty. The Borrowers’ obligations under the Term Loan Facility are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Borrowers, the Company and certain of the Company’s other subsidiaries; provided that, with respect to borrowings under the U.S. sub-facility, the collateral does not include assets of certain foreign subsidiaries or more than 65% of the issued and outstanding equity interests in certain foreign subsidiaries. The Term Loan Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants for credit facilities of this type. The Term Loan Facility also provides for customary events of default. 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 In November 2013, WESCO Distribution issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 2021 Notes through a private offering exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The 2021 Notes were issued at 100% of par and are governed by an indenture (the “Indenture”) entered into on November 26, 2013 with WESCO International and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2021 Notes are unsecured senior obligations of WESCO Distribution and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by WESCO International. The 2021 Notes bear interest at a stated rate of 5.375%, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year. In addition, WESCO recorded deferred financing fees related to the issuance of the 2021 Notes totaling $8.2 million, which are being amortized over the life of the notes. The 2021 Notes mature on December 15, 2021. The net proceeds of the 2021 Notes were used to prepay a portion of the U.S. sub-facility of the term loans due 2019. Under the terms of a registration rights agreement dated as of November 26, 2013 among WESCO Distribution, Inc., WESCO International, Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as the representative of the initial purchasers of the 5.375% Notes, WESCO Distribution and WESCO International agreed to register under the Securities Act notes having terms identical in all material respects to the 5.375% Notes (the “5.375% Exchange Notes”) and to make an offer to exchange the 5.375% Exchange Notes for the 5.375% Notes. WESCO Distribution launched the exchange offer on June 12, 2014 and the exchange offer closed on July 17, 2014. At any time on or after December 15, 2016, WESCO Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2021 Notes. Between December 15, 2016 and December 14, 2017, WESCO Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2021 Notes at a redemption price equal to 104.031% of the principal amount. Between December 15, 2017 and December 14, 2018, WESCO Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2021 Notes at a redemption price equal to 102.688% of the principal amount. Between December 15, 2018 and December 14, 2019, WESCO Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2021 Notes at a redemption price equal to 101.344% of the principal amount. On and after December 15, 2019, WESCO Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2021 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount. The Indenture governing the 2021 Notes contains customary covenants and customary events of default. In addition, upon a change of control, the holders of 2021 Notes have the right to require WESCO Distribution to repurchase all or any part of the 2021 Notes at a redemption price equal to 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Mortgage Financing Facility In 2003, WESCO finalized a mortgage financing facility of $51.0 million. This facility was extinguished with repayments of $26.4 million in the first quarter of 2013. The interest rate on borrowings under this facility was fixed at 6.5%. Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility On September 24, 2015, WESCO Distribution, Inc. amended and restated its accounts receivable securitization facility (the “Receivables Facility”) pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Fourth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement (the “Receivables Purchase Agreement”), by and among WESCO Receivables Corp. (“WESCO Receivables”), 2015 Annual Report 63 WESCO Distribution, Inc., the various purchaser groups from time to time party thereto and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator. The Receivables Purchase Agreement amended and restated the receivables purchase agreement entered into on April 13, 2009. The Receivables Purchase Agreement increased the purchase limit from $500 million to $550 million, with the opportunity to exercise an accordion feature which permits increases in the purchase limit of up to $100 million, extended the term of the Receivables Facility to September 24, 2018 and added and amended certain defined terms. The interest rate spread and commitment fee of the Receivables Facility remained 0.95% and 0.45%, respectively. Under the Receivables Facility, WESCO sells, on a continuous basis, an undivided interest in all domestic accounts receivable to WESCO Receivables, a wholly owned special purpose entity (the “SPE”). The SPE sells, without recourse, a senior undivided interest in the receivables to financial institutions for cash while maintaining a subordinated undivided interest in the receivables, in the form of overcollateralization. WESCO has agreed to continue servicing the sold receivables for the third-party conduits and financial institutions at market rates; accordingly, no servicing asset or liability has been recorded. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, accounts receivable eligible for securitization totaled approximately $684.7 million and $673.6 million, respectively. The Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 include $525.0 million and $430.0 million, respectively, of account receivable balances legally sold to third parties, as well as borrowings for equal amounts. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the interest rate on borrowings under this facility was approximately 1.4% and 1.0%, respectively. Revolving Credit Facility On September 24, 2015, WESCO International, Inc., WESCO Distribution, Inc. and certain other subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $600 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which contains a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $125 million, pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). The Revolving Credit Facility contains an accordion feature allowing WESCO Distribution, Inc. to request increases to the borrowing commitments, subject to customary conditions. This accordion feature increased from $100 million to $200 million in the aggregate. The Revolving Credit Facility replaced WESCO Distribution Inc.’s prior revolving credit facility entered into on December 12, 2012. The Revolving Credit Facility matures in September 2020 and consists of two separate sub-facilities: (i) a Canadian sub-facility with a borrowing limit of up to $400 million, which is collateralized by substantially all assets of WESCO Canada and the other Canadian Borrowers, other than, among other things, real property, in each case, subject to customary exceptions and limitations, and (ii) a U.S sub-facility with a borrowing limit of up to $600 million less the amount of outstanding borrowings under the Canadian sub-facility. The U.S. sub-facility is collateralized by substantially all assets of WESCO Distribution, Inc. and its subsidiaries which are party to the Credit Agreement, other than, among other things, real property and accounts receivable sold or intended to be sold pursuant to the Receivables Purchase Agreement. The applicable interest rate for borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility includes interest rate spreads based on available borrowing capacity that range between 1.25% and 1.75% for LIBOR-based borrowings and 0.25% and 0.75% for prime rate-based borrowings. At December 31, 2015, the interest rate on borrowings under this facility was approximately 1.7%. The Credit Agreement requires ongoing compliance with certain customary affirmative and negative covenants. The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default. During 2015, WESCO borrowed $1,276.0 million in the aggregate under the Revolving Credit Facility and the prior revolving credit agreement and made repayments in the aggregate amount of $1,209.0 million. During 2014, aggregate borrowings and repayments were $1,046.5 million and $1,059.7 million, respectively. WESCO had $438.7 million available under the Revolving Credit facility at December 31, 2015, after giving effect to outstanding letters and international lines of credit, as compared to approximately $497.5 million at December 31, 2014. 64 WESCO International, Inc. International Lines of Credit Certain foreign subsidiaries of WESCO have entered into uncommitted lines of credit, which serve as overdraft facilities, to support local operations. The maximum borrowing limit varies by facility and ranges between $2.0 million and $19.0 million. The applicable interest rate for borrowings under these lines of credit varies by country and is governed by the applicable loan agreement. The international lines of credit are renewable on an annual basis and certain facilities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by WESCO Distribution. Accordingly, these lines directly reduce availability under the Revolving Credit Facility. 6.0% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2029 On August 27, 2009, WESCO International completed an exchange offer pursuant to which it issued $345.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.0% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2029 (the “2029 Debentures”) in exchange for approximately $299.7 million and $57.7 million in aggregate principal amounts of its previously outstanding 1.75% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2026 and 2.625% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2025, respectively. As a result of the debt exchange, WESCO recorded a gain of $6.0 million, which included the write-off of debt issuance costs. The 2029 Debentures were issued pursuant to an Indenture dated August 27, 2009 (the “2009 Indenture”), with The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, and are unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured senior subordinate basis by WESCO Distribution. WESCO separately accounts for the liability and equity components of its 2029 Debentures in a manner that reflects its non-convertible debt borrowing rate. WESCO utilized an interest rate of 13.875% to reflect the non-convertible debt borrowing rate of its offering upon issuance, which was determined based on discussions with its financial institutions and a review of relevant market data, and resulted in a $181.2 million discount to the 2029 Debenture balance and a net increase in additional capital of $106.5 million. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the net equity included in additional capital related to the 2029 Debentures totaled $106.3 million, respectively. In addition, the financing costs related to the issuance of the 2029 Debentures were allocated between the debt and equity components. WESCO is amortizing the debt discount and financing costs over the life of the instrument. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, non-cash interest expense for the amortization of the debt discount and deferred financing fees was $4.2 million, $3.8 million and $3.2 million, respectively. The amortization of the debt discount and deferred financing fees will approximate $4.8 million in 2016, $5.4 million in 2017, $6.1 million in 2018, $6.9 million in 2019, and $7.9 million in 2020. While the 2029 Debentures accrue interest at an effective interest rate of 13.875% (as described above), the coupon interest rate of 6.0% per annum is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on each March 15 and September 15. Beginning with the six-month period commencing September 15, 2016, WESCO International will also pay contingent interest during any six-month period in which the trading price of the 2029 Debentures for each of the five trading days ending on the second trading day immediately preceding the first day of the applicable six-month interest period equals or exceeds 120% of the principal amount of the 2029 Debentures. During any six-month period when contingent interest shall be payable, the contingent interest payable per $1,000 principal amount of 2029 Debentures will equal 0.25% of the average trading price of $1,000 principal amount of the 2029 Debentures during the five trading days ending on the second trading day immediately preceding the first day of the applicable six-month interest period. The contingent interest feature is an embedded derivative that is not considered clearly and closely related to the host contract. Accordingly, the contingent interest component had no significant value at December 31, 2015 or 2014. The 2029 Debentures are convertible into cash, and in certain circumstances, shares of WESCO International’s common stock, $0.01 par value, at any time on or after September 15, 2028, or prior to September 15, 2028 in certain circumstances. The 2029 Debentures will be convertible based on an initial conversion rate of 34.6433 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2029 Debentures (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $28.87 per share). The conversion rate and conversion price may be adjusted under certain circumstances. At any time on or after September 15, 2016, the Company may redeem all or a part of the 2029 Debentures plus accrued and unpaid interest (including contingent interest and additional interest, if any) to, but not including, the redemption date. If WESCO International undergoes certain fundamental changes, as defined in the 2009 Indenture, prior to maturity, holders of the 2029 Debentures will have the right, at their option, to require WESCO International to repurchase for cash 2015 Annual Report 65 some or all of their 2029 Debentures at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2029 Debentures being repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest (including contingent interest and additional interest, if any) to, but not including, the repurchase date. The following table sets forth the components of WESCO’s outstanding convertible debenture indebtedness: December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Principal Balance Discount Net Carrying Amount Principal Balance Discount Net Carrying Amount (in thousands) 2029 Convertible Debentures $ 344,873 $ (163,316) $ 181,557 $ 344,895 $ (167,257) $ 177,638 Covenant Compliance WESCO was in compliance with all relevant covenants contained in its debt agreements as of December 31, 2015. The following table sets forth the aggregate principal repayment requirements for all indebtedness for the next five years and thereafter, as of December 31, 2015: Years ending December 31, (in thousands) 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Thereafter Total payments on debt Debt discount on convertible debentures and term loan facility Total debt $ 44,339 827 525,413 174,951 75,040 844,872 1,665,442 (164,342) $ 1,501,100 WESCO’s credit agreements contain various restrictive covenants that, among other things, impose limitations on (i) dividend payments or certain other restricted payments or investments; (ii) the incurrence of additional indebtedness and guarantees; (iii) creation of liens; (iv) mergers, consolidation or sales of substantially all of WESCO’s assets; (v) certain transactions among affiliates; (vi) payments by certain subsidiaries to WESCO; and (vii) capital expenditures. In addition, the Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan Facility require WESCO to meet certain fixed charge coverage tests depending on availability or liquidity, respectively. 8. CAPITAL STOCK Preferred Stock There are 20 million shares of preferred stock authorized at a par value of $.01 per share. The Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue all authorized preferred shares in one or more series and to fix the number of shares, designations, voting powers, preferences, optional and other special rights and the restrictions or qualifications thereof. The rights, preferences, privileges and powers of each series of preferred stock may differ with respect to dividend rates, liquidation values, voting rights, conversion rights, redemption provisions and other matters. Common Stock There are 210 million shares of common stock and 20 million shares of Class B common stock authorized at a par value of $.01 per share. The Class B common stock is identical to the common stock, except for voting and conversion rights. The holders of Class B common stock have no voting rights. With certain exceptions, Class B common stock may be converted, at the option of the holder, into the same number of shares of common stock. 66 WESCO International, Inc. The terms of the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan Agreement provide certain restrictions on declaring or paying dividends. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, no dividends had been declared and, therefore, no retained earnings were reserved for dividend payments. 9. INCOME TAXES The following table sets forth the components of income before income taxes by jurisdiction: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) United States Foreign Income before income taxes 2015 2014 2013 $ 288,881 $ 326,934 $ 15,029 57,219 $ 303,910 $ 384,153 $ 338,069 41,782 379,851 The following table sets forth the components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 (in thousands) Current taxes: Federal(1) State Foreign Total current taxes Deferred taxes: Federal State Foreign Total deferred taxes Provision for income taxes $ 45,812 $ 69,495 $ 4,565 2,309 52,686 7,161 27,081 103,737 48,740 4,669 29,290 82,699 29,593 3,767 9,491 42,851 95,537 $ 14,525 2,522 (12,068) 4,979 108,716 $ 32,979 4,705 (17,050) 20,634 103,333 $ (1) Tax benefits related to stock-based awards and other equity instruments recorded directly to additional paid in capital totaled $1.6 million, $5.0 million and $2.3 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The following table sets forth the reconciliation between the federal statutory income tax rate and the effective tax rate: Year Ended December 31, Federal statutory rate State taxes, net of federal tax benefit Nondeductible expenses Foreign tax rate differences Tax effect of intercompany financing Federal tax credits Adjustment related to uncertain tax positions Other Effective tax rate 2015 35.0% 2.2 1.2 (1.1) (8.8) — 2.7 0.2 31.4% 2014 35.0% 1.9 0.7 (1.4) (7.8) — (0.2) 0.1 28.3% 2013 35.0% 2.0 1.0 (0.9) (8.4) (1.4) 0.5 (0.6) 27.2% As of December 31, 2015, WESCO’s foreign subsidiaries had unremitted earnings of approximately $623.7 million, of which $524.6 million was attributable to the Company’s Canadian operations. WESCO asserts that these earnings are permanently reinvested to fund growth in the foreign markets and, therefore, has not provided a deferred tax liability on these earnings. Additionally, WESCO’s current plans do not require that these earnings be repatriated to fund liquidity needs in the U.S. It is not practicable for WESCO to determine the deferred tax liability associated with repatriation of these earnings as such determination involves material uncertainties, however, if these earnings were repatriated and taxed at the U.S. statutory rate of 35%, the unrecognized deferred tax liability would be approximately $218.3 million. 2015 Annual Report 67 The following table sets forth deferred tax assets and liabilities: As of December 31, (in thousands) Accounts receivable Inventory Depreciation Amortization of intangible assets Convertible debt interest Employee benefits Stock-based compensation Canada royalty and management fee Foreign tax credits Tax loss carryforwards Other Total deferred taxes 2015 2014 Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities $ 4,736 $ — — — — 16,702 27,531 — 11,494 21,095 6,768 $ 88,326 $ — $ 5,410 11,671 240,106 161,700 — — — — — 7,715 426,602 $ 3,510 $ — — — — 15,297 27,068 25,277 11,239 25,522 11,647 119,560 $ — 2,517 13,074 246,895 139,315 — — — — — 6,231 408,032 As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, WESCO had deferred tax assets of $12.6 million and $18.3 million, respectively, related to Canadian net operating loss carryforwards. The decrease is primarily due to the settlement of transfer pricing issues between the United States and Canada. The settlement reduced royalty expense that was deductible in Canada in prior years and as a result, reduced Canadian net operating loss carryforwards. The Canadian net operating loss carryforwards expire beginning in 2029 through 2035. Additionally, WESCO had deferred tax assets of $5.3 million and $3.8 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, related to non-Canadian foreign net operating loss carryforwards. These net operating loss carryforwards expire beginning in 2018, while some may be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, WESCO had deferred tax assets of $3.2 million and $3.4 million, respectively, related to state net operating loss carryforwards. These carryforwards expire beginning in 2021 through 2029. The Company has determined, based upon an evaluation of all available positive and negative evidence, that it “more- likely-than-not” will utilize all of its net operating loss carryforwards before expiration and, accordingly, has not recorded a valuation allowance. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, WESCO had deferred tax assets of $11.5 million and $11.2 million, respectively, related to U.S. foreign tax credit (“FTC”) carryforwards. These FTC carryforwards expire beginning in 2016 through 2024. The Company has determined that prudent and feasible tax planning strategies exist and it intends to implement these tax planning strategies to prevent these FTC carryforwards from expiring unused. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has not been recorded. The Company is under examination by tax authorities in the United States and Canada and remains subject to examination until the applicable statutes of limitation expire. The statutes of limitation for the material jurisdictions in which the Company files income tax returns remain open as follows: United States — Federal United States — Material States Canada 2004 and forward 2012 and forward 2004 and forward 68 WESCO International, Inc. The statutes of limitation with respect to the Company’s 2004 to 2007 U.S. federal income tax returns are open by waiver only in connection with the Mutual Agreement Procedure (“MAP”) concluded in the fourth quarter of 2015 between the Competent Authorities of the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and Canada Revenue Agency (“CRA”) with respect to transfer pricing matters and matters pending before the Appeals Division of Canada Revenue Agency. The statute of limitation with respect to the Company’s 2008 U.S. federal income tax return is open by waiver only in connection with the Advance Pricing Agreement (“APA”) concluded in the fourth quarter of 2015 between the IRS and CRA. The APA resolves certain transfer pricing matters for the 2008 to 2018 tax years. The statutes of limitation with respect to the Company’s 2009 to 2011 U.S. Federal income tax returns are open by waiver only in connection with the IRS examination of those years and the APA. The following table sets forth the reconciliation of gross unrecognized tax benefits: As of December 31, (in thousands) Beginning balance January 1 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year Additions for tax positions of prior years Additions for acquired tax positions Reductions for tax positions of prior years Settlements Lapse in statute of limitations Foreign currency exchange rate changes Ending balance December 31 2015 2014 2013 $ $ 20,033 $ 46 402 — (378) (9,638) (1,497) (3,532) 5,436 $ 25,548 $ 69 191 308 (5,608) (209) (40) (226) 20,033 $ 21,075 1,573 4,566 1,428 — (2,226) (310) (558) 25,548 The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits were $5.4 million, $20.0 million, and $25.5 million as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate if recognized in the consolidated financial statements was $6.2 million, $20.4 million, and $25.7 million, respectively. The amounts for 2014 and 2013 primarily related to transfer pricing adjustments made by Canada Revenue Agency, which were subject to MAP and APA proceedings under the U.S./Canada income tax treaty. These proceedings concluded in the fourth quarter of 2015. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $2.8 million within the next twelve months due to the effective settlement of uncertain tax positions related to Internal Revenue Service audits or the expiration of statutes of limitation. Of this amount, approximately $1.6 million could impact the effective tax rate. The Company classifies interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as interest income or expense. In 2015, interest income of $8.7 million was recognized as a result of the conclusion of the MAP and APA proceedings for the 2004 to 2015 tax years discussed above. Interest expense on unrecognized tax benefits was $1.0 million and $0.6 million for 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, WESCO had an accrued liability of $2.1 million and $12.7 million, respectively, for interest expense related to unrecognized tax benefits. The Company classifies penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense. Penalties recorded in income tax expense were minimal in 2015, 2014, and 2013. 2015 Annual Report 69 10. EARNINGS PER SHARE Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods. Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during the periods. The dilutive effect of common share equivalents is considered in the diluted earnings per share computation using the treasury stock method, which includes consideration of dilutive equity awards and contingently convertible debt. The following tables set forth the details of basic and diluted earnings per share: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands, except per share data) Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. Weighted-average common shares outstanding used in computing basic earnings per share Common shares issuable upon exercise of dilutive stock-based awards Common shares issuable from contingently convertible debentures (see below for basis of calculation) Weighted-average common shares outstanding and common share equivalents used in computing diluted earnings per share Earnings per share attributable to WESCO International, Inc. Basic Diluted 2015 2014 2013 $ 210,687 $ 275,906 $ 276,430 43,433 626 44,440 997 44,148 1,121 6,314 7,821 7,381 50,373 53,258 52,650 $ $ 4.85 $ 4.18 $ 6.21 $ 5.18 $ 6.26 5.25 The computation of diluted earnings per share attributable to WESCO International, Inc. excluded stock-based awards of approximately 1.2 million as of December 31, 2015 and 0.3 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013. These amounts were excluded because their effect would have been antidilutive. Because of WESCO’s obligation to settle the par value of the 2029 Debentures in cash upon conversion, WESCO is required to include shares underlying the 2029 Debentures in its diluted weighted-average shares outstanding when the average stock price per share for the period exceeds the conversion price of the debentures. Only the number of shares that would be issuable (under the treasury stock method of accounting for share dilution) are included, which is based upon the amount by which the average stock price exceeds the conversion price. The conversion price of the 2029 Debentures is $28.87. Share dilution as of December 31, 2015 is limited to a maximum of 11,947,533 shares for the 2029 Debentures. For the periods ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, the effect of the 2029 Debentures on diluted earnings per share attributable to WESCO International, Inc. was a decrease of $0.60, $0.89, and $0.86, respectively. In December 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $300 million of the Company’s common stock through December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company entered into accelerated stock repurchase agreements (the “ASR Transactions”) with certain financial institutions to purchase shares of its common stock. In exchange for up-front cash payments totaling $150 million, the Company received 2,468,576 shares. The total number of shares ultimately delivered under the ASR Transactions was determined by the average of the volume-weighted-average prices of the Company’s common stock for each exchange business day during the respective settlement valuation periods. WESCO funded the repurchases with borrowings under its prior revolving credit facility. For purposes of computing earnings per share, share repurchases have been reflected as a reduction to common shares outstanding on the respective share delivery dates. 70 WESCO International, Inc. 11. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS Defined Contribution Plans A majority of WESCO’s employees are covered by defined contribution retirement savings plans for their service rendered subsequent to WESCO’s formation. WESCO also offers a deferred compensation plan for select individuals. For U.S. participants, WESCO will make contributions in an amount equal to 50% of the participant’s total monthly contributions up to a maximum of 6% of eligible compensation. For Canadian participants, WESCO will make contributions in an amount ranging from 3% to 5% of the participant’s eligible compensation based on years of continuous service. In addition, for U.S. participants, employer contributions may be made at the discretion of the Board of Directors. A discretionary employer contribution charge of $9.7 million was incurred in 2014. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, WESCO incurred charges of $18.1 million, $28.3 million, and $22.1 million, respectively, for all such plans. Contributions are made in cash to employee retirement savings plan accounts. The deferred compensation plan is an unfunded plan. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company’s obligation under the deferred compensation plan was $23.5 million and $22.5 million, respectively. Employees have the option to transfer balances allocated to their accounts in the defined contribution retirement savings plan and the deferred compensation plan into any of the available investment options. Defined Benefit Plans In connection with the December 14, 2012 acquisition of EECOL, the Company assumed a contributory defined benefit plan (the “Plan”) covering substantially all Canadian employees of EECOL. The Plan provides retirement benefits based on earnings and credited service, and participants contribute 2% of their earnings to the Plan. Participants become 100% vested after two years of continuous service. The Company also assumed EECOL’s Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (the “SERP”), which provides additional pension benefits to certain executives based on earnings, credited service and executive service. Participants in the SERP are vested after two years of continuous service and contribute 4% of their earnings to the SERP. 2015 Annual Report 71 The following tables present the changes in benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status for the pension plans and the components of net periodic pension cost. Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2015 2014 Accumulated Benefit Obligation (ABO) at December 31 $ 67,614 $ 70,594 Change in Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) PBO at beginning of year Service cost Interest cost Participant contributions Actuarial (gain) loss, including assumption changes Benefits paid Foreign currency exchange rate changes PBO at end of year Change in Plan Assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year Actual return on plan assets Participant contributions Employer contributions Benefits paid Foreign currency exchange rate changes Fair value of plan assets at end of year Funded Status Amounts Recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities Net amount recognized Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Net actuarial gain Prior service cost Total net amount recognized, before tax effect Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost Service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Recognized actuarial gain Net periodic pension cost Other Changes in Plan Assets and PBO Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Net actuarial (gain) loss Amortization of unrecognized net actuarial gain Total amount recognized, before tax effect Tax effect Total amount recognized, after tax effect Total recognized in net periodic pension cost and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) $ $ 106,325 $ 4,537 4,012 735 (6,687) (3,986) (17,750) 87,186 $ 96,860 3,610 4,600 857 12,791 (4,125) (8,268) 106,325 $ 90,342 $ 4,781 735 2,366 (3,986) (15,053) 79,185 $ $ 87,606 11,042 857 2,310 (4,125) (7,348) 90,342 $ (8,001) $ (15,983) $ $ (355) $ (7,646) (8,001) $ (422) (15,561) (15,983) $ $ (9,021) $ — (9,021) $ (2,828) — (2,828) 2015 2014 2013 4,537 $ 4,012 (5,260) (15) 3,274 $ 3,610 $ 4,600 (5,408) (55) 2,747 $ 4,082 4,556 (4,103) — 4,535 (6,208) $ 15 (6,193) 1,661 (4,532) $ 7,448 $ 55 7,503 (2,447) 5,056 $ (9,917) — (9,917) 2,244 (7,673) $ $ $ $ $ (1,258) $ 7,803 $ (3,138) 72 WESCO International, Inc. The following weighted-average actuarial assumptions were used to determine benefit obligations at December 31: Discount rate Rate of compensation increase 2015 2014 Pension Plan SERP Pension Plan 4.2% 4.0% 4.2% 4.0% 4.1% 4.0% SERP 4.1% 4.0% The following weighted-average actuarial assumptions were used to determine net periodic pension costs at January 1: 2015 2014 2013 Pension Plan SERP Pension Plan SERP Pension Plan Discount rate Expected long-term return on assets Rate of compensation increase 4.1% 6.4% 4.0% 4.1% n/a 4.0% 4.9% 6.4% 4.0% 4.9% n/a 4.0% 4.5% 6.3% 4.0% SERP 4.5% n/a 4.0% The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid: Years ending December 31, (in thousands) 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021-2025 The Company expects to contribute approximately $2.2 million to the plans in 2016. The Company’s pension plan weighted asset allocations by asset category are as follows: As of December 31, Asset Category Canadian equities U.S. equities Non-North American equities Fixed income investments Total $ 2,202 2,258 2,294 2,350 2,432 15,223 2015 2014 23.0% 14.0% 18.6% 44.4% 100.0% 23.6% 14.0% 18.6% 43.8% 100.0% The Plan’s long-term overall objective is to maintain benefits at their current level without affecting the cost of maintaining the Plan, assuming that the demographic make-up of the group of members remains the same. The primary investment objective, in support of the overall objective, is to earn the highest rate of return possible for the Plan, while keeping risk at acceptable levels. The long-term return objective of the Plan is to achieve a minimum annualized rate of return in excess of the actuarial requirements. This translates into a required return of 3.5% above inflation, net of investment management fees. The return objective is consistent with the overall investment risk level that the Plan assumes in order to meet the pension obligations of the Plan. To achieve this long term investment objective, the Plan has adopted an asset mix that has a combination of equity and fixed income investments. Risk is controlled by investing in a well-diversified portfolio of asset classes. A benchmark portfolio is established based on the expected returns for each asset class available. The investment of the Plan’s assets in accordance with the benchmark portfolio should enable the Plan to not only attain, but also exceed the minimum overall objective. 2015 Annual Report 73 The following table presents the target asset mix based on market value for each investment category within which the investment managers must invest the Plan’s assets. The asset mix is reviewed and rebalanced to target on a quarterly basis. Asset Category Canadian equities U.S. equities Non-North American equities Total equities Fixed income investments Target % 25% 15% 20% 60% 40% Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below: • Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date. • Level 2 inputs include inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of assets or liabilities. • Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. The following section describes the valuation methodologies used by the trustees to measure the fair value of plan assets, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each type of asset is generally classified. Equity Securities. These securities consist of the Plan’s share of segregated funds that invest in the stock of publicly traded companies and are valued at the net asset value of shares held at December 31. As such, these securities are generally classified as Level 2. Fixed Income Investments. These investments consist of segregated funds that invest in Canadian, federal, provincial, municipal and corporate issued bonds and debentures and are valued through consultation and evaluation with brokers in the institutional market using other observable market data. As such, these investments are generally classified as Level 2. Also, these investments include money market funds that are valued using independent observable market data and primarily classified as Level 2. The fair value methods described above may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Additionally, while the Company believes the valuation method used by the plan’s trustee is appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date. 74 WESCO International, Inc. The following tables set forth the fair value of plan assets classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy: As of December 31, 2015 (in thousands) Canadian equities U.S. equities Non-North American equities Fixed income investments Total investments As of December 31, 2014 (in thousands) Canadian equities U.S. equities Non-North American equities Fixed income investments Total investments Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total — $ — — 241 241 $ 18,189 $ 11,055 14,649 35,051 78,944 $ — $ — — — — $ 18,189 11,055 14,649 35,292 79,185 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total — $ — — 335 335 $ 21,252 $ 12,573 16,724 39,458 90,007 $ — $ — — — — $ 21,252 12,573 16,724 39,793 90,342 $ $ $ $ 12. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION WESCO has sponsored four stock-based compensation plans. The 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (“LTIP”), was designed to be the successor plan to all prior plans. Any shares remaining reserved for future issuance under the prior plans are available for issuance under the LTIP. The LTIP and predecessor plans are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. On May 30, 2013, the Company renewed and restated the LTIP, increasing the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the plan by 1.6 million shares to 4.0 million. Under the LTIP, the total number of shares of common stock authorized to be issued under the LTIP will be reduced by 1 share of common stock for every 1 share that is subject to an option or stock appreciation right granted, and 1.83 shares of common stock for every 1 share that is subject to an award other than an option or stock appreciation right granted on or after May 30, 2013. As of December 31, 2015, 3.1 million shares of common stock were reserved under the LTIP for future equity award grants. Except for the performance-based award, awards granted vest and become exercisable once criteria based on time is achieved. Performance-based awards vest based on market or performance conditions. All awards vest immediately in the event of a change in control. Each award terminates on the tenth anniversary of its grant date unless terminated sooner under certain conditions. WESCO recognized $12.9 million, $14.8 million and $15.9 million of non-cash stock-based compensation expense, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses, in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, there was $15.2 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements for all awards previously made of which approximately $9.3 million is expected to be recognized in 2016, $5.3 million in 2017 and $0.7 million in 2018. The total intrinsic value of awards exercised during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 was $15.8 million, $25.2 million, and $23.4 million, respectively. The total amount of cash received from the exercise of options was $0.8 million and less than $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The gross deferred tax benefit associated with the exercise of stock-based awards totaled $5.7 million, $9.4 million, and $8.4 million in 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. WESCO uses the direct only method and tax law ordering approach to calculate the tax effects of stock-based compensation. 2015 Annual Report 75 The following table sets forth a summary of stock-settled stock appreciation rights and related information for the years indicated: 2015 2014 2013 Weighted Weighted Average Average Remaining Exercise Conntractual Life Price Awards Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Exercise Price Awards Awards Beginning of year 2,480,745 $ 50.91 2,715,651 $ 45.93 3,142,021 $ 45.40 Granted Exercised Cancelled End of year Exercisable at end of year 394,182 (232,542) (75,364) 2,567,021 69.54 35.80 73.59 54.47 274,508 (485,469) (23,945) 4.6 $ 11,731 2,480,745 85.35 41.58 70.30 50.91 253,999 (659,872) (20,497) 2,715,651 72.26 53.08 61.26 45.93 2,034,263 $ 49.36 3.5 $ 11,731 1,980,767 $ 44.06 2,192,800 $ 40.94 WESCO granted the following stock-settled stock appreciation rights at the following weighted-average assumptions: Stock-settled appreciation rights granted Risk free interest rate Expected life (in years) Expected volatility 2015 2014 2013 394,182 274,508 253,999 1.6% 5 32% 1.5% 5 39% 0.9% 5 50% The weighted-average fair value per stock-settled appreciation right granted was $21.68, $30.64 and $31.34 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The following table sets forth a summary of time-based restricted stock units and related information for the year ended December 31, 2015: Unvested at December 31, 2014 Granted Vested Forfeited Unvested at December 31, 2015 Awards 185,457 $ 81,022 (76,387) (14,681) 175,411 $ Weighted Average Fair Value 73.87 69.05 66.89 75.73 74.52 The weighted-average fair value per restricted stock unit granted was $69.05, $85.32 and $72.15 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The following table sets forth a summary of performance-based awards for the year ended December 31, 2015: Unvested at December 31, 2014 Granted Vested Forfeited Unvested at December 31, 2015 Awards 130,004 $ 59,661 (38,869) (36,276) 114,520 $ Weighted Average Fair Value 80.21 67.81 72.25 80.14 76.48 76 WESCO International, Inc. The fair value of the performance shares based on total stockholder return granted during the year ended December 31, 2015 were estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions: Grant date share price WESCO expected volatility Peer group median volatility Risk-free interest rate Correlation Weighted Average Assumptions $ 69.54 26.9% 23.2% 1.05% 95.8% The unvested performance-based awards in the table above include 57,260 shares in which vesting of the ultimate number of shares is dependent upon WESCO’s total stockholder return in relation to the total stockholder return of a select group of peer companies over a three-year period. These awards are valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Compensation cost is recognized over the service period, regardless of whether the market conditions are achieved and the awards ultimately vest. Vesting of the remaining 57,260 shares of performance-based awards in the table above is dependent upon the three-year average growth rate of WESCO’s net income. The fair value of these awards is based upon the grant-date closing price of WESCO’s common stock. Compensation cost is recognized over the performance period based upon WESCO’s determination of whether it is probable that the performance targets will be achieved. 13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Future minimum rental payments required under operating leases, primarily for real property that have noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2015, are as follows: Years ending December 31, (in thousands) 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Thereafter $ 56,574 48,428 40,020 30,274 21,726 53,234 Rental expense for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $70.7 million, $63.2 million and $60.0 million, respectively. From time to time, a number of lawsuits and claims have been or may be asserted against WESCO relating to the conduct of its business, including routine litigation relating to commercial and employment matters. The outcomes of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and some lawsuits may be determined adversely to WESCO. However, management does not believe that the ultimate outcome is likely to have a material adverse effect on WESCO’s financial condition or liquidity, although the resolution in any fiscal quarter of one or more of these matters may have a material adverse effect on WESCO’s results of operations for that period. As initially reported in its 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K, WESCO was a defendant in a lawsuit in which a customer, ArcelorMittal Indiana Harbor, Inc. (“AIH”), alleged that the Company sold defective products to AIH in 2004 that were supplied to the Company by others. In February 2013, a jury returned a verdict in favor of AIH and awarded damages in the amount of approximately $36.1 million. As a result, the Company recorded a $36.1 million charge to selling, general and administrative expenses in 2012. After receiving letters from its insurers confirming insurance coverage of the matter, the Company recorded a receivable in the quarter ended March 31, 2013 in an amount equal to the previously recorded liability. There were various post-trial motions and appeals, including disputes regarding interest. A court awarded $3.9 million of prejudgment interest and post-judgment interest of 8% per annum. The Company recorded a liability and corresponding receivable for the interest. In April 2015, the Company, AIH and the parties’ respective insurance carriers 2015 Annual Report 77 agreed to settle the case. As part of the settlement, the Company’s insurers paid $35.8 million to AIH in full and final satisfaction of the judgment, including any prejudgment and post-judgment interest, and AIH agreed to release all claims against the Company and its insurers. To account for the settlement, the Company reversed the previously recorded liability and corresponding receivable of $36.1 million, plus $10.2 million of interest that had accrued in connection with this matter. Accordingly, the settlement of this matter had no net effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. WESCO is subject to the laws and regulations of states and other jurisdictions concerning the identification, reporting and escheatment (the transfer of property to the state) of unclaimed or abandoned funds, and is subject to audit and examination for compliance with these requirements. WESCO Distribution, Inc. is currently undergoing a compliance audit in the State of Delaware concerning the identification, reporting and escheatment of unclaimed or abandoned property. A third party auditor is conducting the audit on behalf of the State, and the Company has been working with an outside consultant during the audit process and in discussions with the auditors. The Company is defending the audit, the outcome of which cannot be predicted with certainty at this time. After the third party auditor completes its field work, it is expected to issue preliminary findings for review by the Company and the State, and thereafter the auditor is expected to issue a final report of examination. If the Company and State do not reach resolution after further discussion, the State issues a demand for payment, which the Company may either agree to pay or appeal, in full or in part. The Company has recorded a liability for unclaimed property based on the facts currently known to the Company. In October 2014, WESCO was notified that the New York County District Attorney’s Office is conducting a criminal investigation involving minority and disadvantaged business contracting practices in the construction industry in New York City and that various contractors, minority and disadvantaged business firms, and their material suppliers, including the Company, are a part of this investigation. The Company has commenced an internal review of this matter and intends to cooperate with the government investigation. The Company cannot predict the outcome or impact of the matter at this time, but could be subject to fines, penalties or other adverse consequences. Based on the facts currently known to the Company, it cannot reasonably estimate a range of exposure to potential liability at this time. 14. SEGMENTS AND RELATED INFORMATION WESCO provides distribution of product and services through its four operating segments, which have been aggregated as one reportable segment. WESCO has approximately 250,000 unique product stock keeping units and markets more than 1,000,000 products for customers. There were no material amounts of sales or transfers among geographic areas and no material amounts of export sales. WESCO attributes revenues from external customers to individual countries on the basis of the point of sale. The following table sets forth information about WESCO by geographic area: Net Sales Year Ended December 31, Long-Lived Assets December 31, 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 (in thousands) United States $ 5,665,962 75% $ 5,618,240 71% $ 5,275,275 70% $ 157,570 $ 127,670 $ 137,904 Canada Mexico Subtotal North American Operations 1,533,705 21% 1,899,173 24% 1,882,313 25% 63,088 80,080 93,642 70,048 1% 95,585 1% 90,152 1% 332 442 615 7,269,715 7,612,998 7,247,740 220,990 208,192 232,161 Other International 248,772 3% 276,628 4% 265,602 4% 5,369 8,213 11,115 Total $ 7,518,487 $ 7,889,626 $ 7,513,342 $ 226,359 $ 216,405 $ 243,276 78 WESCO International, Inc. The following table sets forth sales information about WESCO’s sales by product category: Year Ended December 31, (percentages based on total sales) General and Industrial Supplies Wire, Cable and Conduit Data and Broadband Communications Power Distribution Equipment Lighting and Controls Control, Automation and Motors 2015 2014 2013 40% 15% 15% 11% 10% 9% 40% 16% 14% 11% 10% 9% 40% 16% 14% 11% 10% 9% 15. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION WESCO International, Inc. has outstanding $344.9 million in aggregate principal amount of 2029 Debentures. The 2029 Debentures are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by WESCO Distribution, Inc., a 100% owned subsidiary of WESCO International, Inc., on a senior subordinated basis to all existing and future senior indebtedness of WESCO Distribution, Inc. WESCO Distribution, Inc. has outstanding $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 (the “2021 Notes”). The 2021 Notes are unsecured senior obligations of WESCO Distribution, Inc. and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by WESCO International, Inc. Condensed consolidating financial information for WESCO International, Inc., WESCO Distribution, Inc. and the non- guarantor subsidiaries is presented on the following pages. Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets As of December 31, 2015 (in thousands) Cash and cash equivalents Trade accounts receivable, net Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Intercompany receivables, net Property, buildings and equipment, net Intangible assets, net Goodwill Investments in affiliates Other assets Total assets 2015 Annual Report 79 WESCO International, Inc. Distribution, Inc. WESCO Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating and Eliminating Entries Consolidated $ 121,316 $ — $ — — 15 15 — — — — 3,309,006 3,804 160,279 1,075,257 810,067 211,931 2,257,534 — 166,739 403,649 1,681,662 — 77,841 $ 3,312,825 $ 4,650,938 $ 5,733,555 $ (9,109,893) $ 4,587,425 — $ — — (8,970) (8,970) (1,964,848) — — — (7,136,075) — 38,963 $ — 376,641 47,290 462,894 — 56,921 4,072 255,251 3,827,069 44,731 1,075,257 433,426 173,596 1,803,595 1,964,848 109,818 399,577 1,426,411 — 29,306 $ 300,995 $ 414,524 $ — $ Accounts payable — Short-term debt 15,254 Other current liabilities 15,254 Total current liabilities 1,320,240 Intercompany payables, net 181,557 Long-term debt 19,102 Other noncurrent liabilities Total WESCO International stockholders’ equity 1,776,672 Noncontrolling interest — Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 715,519 43,314 188,968 947,801 — 1,456,761 408,992 1,776,672 (2,801) $ 3,312,825 $ 4,650,938 $ 5,733,555 $ (9,109,893) $ 4,587,425 — $ — (8,970) (8,970) (1,964,848) — — (7,136,075) — 43,314 127,555 471,864 — 525,584 173,375 4,565,533 (2,801) — 55,129 469,653 644,608 749,620 216,515 2,570,542 — As of December 31, 2014 (in thousands) Cash and cash equivalents Trade accounts receivable, net Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Intercompany receivables, net Property, buildings and equipment, net Intangible assets, net Goodwill Investments in affiliates Other assets Total assets WESCO International, Inc. Distribution, Inc. WESCO Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating and Eliminating Entries Consolidated $ 95,811 $ — $ — — 12 12 — — — — 3,304,914 4,083 128,319 1,117,420 819,502 285,097 2,350,338 — 182,725 429,840 1,735,440 — 56,094 $ 3,309,009 $ 4,700,538 $ 5,691,211 $ (8,946,321) $ 4,754,437 — $ — — (6,465) (6,465) (1,806,215) — — — (7,133,641) — 32,508 $ — 373,938 144,282 550,728 — 56,735 4,733 246,771 3,828,727 12,844 1,117,420 445,564 147,268 1,806,063 1,806,215 125,990 425,107 1,488,669 — 39,167 $ 319,455 $ 445,680 $ — $ Accounts payable — Short-term debt 12,465 Other current liabilities 12,465 Total current liabilities 1,168,366 Intercompany payables, net 177,638 Long-term debt Other noncurrent liabilities 21,888 Total WESCO International stockholders’ equity 1,928,652 — Noncontrolling interest Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 765,135 46,787 251,950 1,063,872 — 1,366,430 395,970 1,928,652 (487) $ 3,309,009 $ 4,700,538 $ 5,691,211 $ (8,946,321) $ 4,754,437 — $ — (6,465) (6,465) (1,806,215) — — (7,133,641) — 46,787 132,204 498,446 — 505,385 141,538 4,546,329 (487) — 113,746 559,426 637,849 683,407 232,544 2,587,312 — 80 WESCO International, Inc. Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Year Ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands) Net sales Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) Selling, general and administrative expenses Depreciation and amortization Results of affiliates’ operations Interest expense (income), net Provision for income taxes Net income Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. WESCO International, Inc. Distribution, Inc. WESCO Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating and Eliminating Entries Consolidated $ — $ 3,456,883 $ 4,177,383 $ (115,779) $ 7,518,487 — 26 — 225,370 24,910 (7,939) 208,373 2,784,413 611,549 19,703 219,619 63,261 (6,929) 204,505 3,356,192 443,376 45,265 — (18,339) 110,405 240,484 (115,779) — — (444,989) — — (444,989) 6,024,826 1,054,951 64,968 — 69,832 95,537 208,373 — — (2,314) — (2,314) $ 208,373 $ 204,505 $ 242,798 $ (444,989) $ 210,687 Other comprehensive income (loss): Foreign currency translation adjustment Post retirement benefit plan adjustment Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to $ WESCO International, Inc. (225,795) 4,532 (225,795) 4,532 (225,795) 4,532 451,590 (9,064) (225,795) 4,532 (12,890) $ (16,758) $ 21,535 $ (2,463) $ (10,576) Year Ended December 31, 2014 (in thousands) Net sales Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) Selling, general and administrative expenses Depreciation and amortization Results of affiliates’ operations Interest expense (income), net Provision for income taxes Net income Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. Other comprehensive loss: Foreign currency translation adjustment Post retirement benefit plan adjustment Comprehensive income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. WESCO International, Inc. Distribution, Inc. WESCO Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating and Eliminating Entries Consolidated $ — $ 3,557,839 $ 4,446,139 $ (114,352) $ 7,889,626 — 9 — 292,845 24,472 (7,072) 275,436 2,848,413 557,596 19,084 231,174 74,653 16,446 272,821 3,544,523 519,203 48,933 — (17,061) 99,342 251,199 (114,352) — — (524,019) — — (524,019) 6,278,584 1,076,808 68,017 — 82,064 108,716 275,437 — — (469) — (469) $ 275,436 $ 272,821 $ 251,668 $ (524,019) $ 275,906 (120,293) (5,056) (120,293) (5,056) (120,293) (5,056) 240,586 10,112 (120,293) (5,056) $ 150,087 $ 147,472 $ 126,319 $ (273,321) $ 150,557 Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (continued) 2015 Annual Report 81 Year Ended December 31, 2013 (in thousands) Net sales Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) Selling, general and administrative expenses Depreciation and amortization Results of affiliates’ operations Interest expense (income), net Loss on debt extinguishment Loss on sale of Argentina business Provision for income taxes Net income Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. Other comprehensive income (loss): Foreign currency translation adjustment Post retirement benefit plan adjustment Comprehensive income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. WESCO International, Inc. Distribution, Inc. WESCO Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating and Eliminating Entries Consolidated $ — $ 3,386,043 $ 4,253,666 $ (126,367) $ 7,513,342 — 29 — 294,137 23,918 — — (6,327) 276,517 $ 2,700,692 485,575 18,331 207,630 75,294 13,225 — 25,657 3,393,567 511,206 49,311 — (13,605) — 2,315 84,003 (126,367) — — (501,767) — — — — 5,967,892 996,810 67,642 — 85,607 13,225 2,315 103,333 276,518 $ 274,899 $ 226,869 $ (501,767) $ — — 88 — 88 $ 276,517 $ 274,899 $ 226,781 $ (501,767) $ 276,430 (83,172) 7,673 (83,172) 7,673 (83,172) 7,673 166,344 (15,346) (83,172) 7,673 $ 201,018 $ 199,400 $ 151,282 $ (350,769) $ 200,931 Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows Year Ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands) WESCO International, Inc. Distribution, Inc. WESCO Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating and Eliminating Entries Consolidated $ Net cash provided by operating activities Investing activities: Capital expenditures Acquisition payments, net of cash acquired Proceeds from sale of assets Dividends received from subsidiaries Advances to subsidiaries and other Net cash used in investing activities Financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of debt Repayments of debt Equity activities Dividends paid by subsidiaries Other Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Net change in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period 3,531 $ 214,037 $ 65,481 $ — $ 283,049 — — — — — — (15,266) (151,595) — 114,101 (197,345) (250,105) (6,392) — 3,023 — 17,461 14,092 — — — (114,101) 179,884 65,783 (21,658) (151,595) 3,023 — — (170,230) 150,705 — (154,236) — — 1,224,596 (1,175,056) — — (7,017) 452,655 (379,578) — (114,101) — (197,345) 17,461 — 114,101 — 1,630,611 (1,537,173) (154,236) — (7,017) (3,531) 42,523 (41,024) (65,783) (67,815) — — — — 6,455 (13,044) 25,505 32,508 95,811 — — — (13,044) 31,960 128,319 $ — $ 38,963 $ 121,316 $ — $ 160,279 82 WESCO International, Inc. Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows (continued) Year Ended December 31, 2014 (in thousands) WESCO International, Inc. Distribution, Inc. WESCO Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating and Eliminating Entries Consolidated $ Net cash provided by operating activities Investing activities: Capital expenditures Acquisition payments, net of cash acquired Proceeds from sale of assets Dividends received from subsidiaries Advances to subsidiaries and other Net cash used in investing activities Financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of debt Repayments of debt Equity activities Dividends paid by subsidiaries Other Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Net change in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period 820 $ 51,738 $ 198,598 $ — $ 251,156 — — — — — — 6,517 (6,658) (679) — — (13,717) (42,226) — 71,381 (53,779) (38,341) 798,315 (807,776) — — (3,123) (6,831) (96,404) 14,991 — 17,461 (70,783) 495,493 (541,080) — (71,381) (181) — — — (71,381) 36,318 (35,063) (20,548) (138,630) 14,991 — — (144,187) (60,437) 24,119 — 71,381 — 1,239,888 (1,331,395) (679) — (3,304) (820) (12,584) (117,149) 35,063 (95,490) — — — — 813 (6,885) 3,781 31,695 92,030 — — — (6,885) 4,594 123,725 $ — $ 32,508 $ 95,811 $ — $ 128,319 2015 Annual Report 83 Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows (continued) Year Ended December 31, 2013 (in thousands) Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities Investing activities: Capital expenditures Proceeds from sale of assets Dividends received from subsidiaries Advances to subsidiaries and other Net cash used in investing activities Financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of debt Repayments of debt Equity activities Dividends paid by subsidiaries Other Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Net change in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period Revisions WESCO International, Inc. Distribution, Inc. WESCO Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating and Eliminating Entries Consolidated $ (10,716) $ 209,501 $ 116,356 $ — $ 315,141 — — — — — (16,728) — 62,507 (59,991) (14,212) 14,945 — (4,229) — — 1,143,604 (1,345,377) — — (14,096) (11,097) 10,807 — 16,256 15,966 404,293 (412,561) — (62,507) (1,568) — — (62,507) 42,530 (19,977) (27,825) 10,807 — (1,205) (18,223) (59,991) 17,461 — 62,507 — 1,502,851 (1,740,477) (4,229) — (15,664) 10,716 (215,869) (72,343) 19,977 (257,519) — — — — (20,580) (1,773) 58,206 52,275 33,824 — — — (1,773) 37,626 86,099 $ — $ 31,695 $ 92,030 $ — $ 123,725 The Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flow for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were revised to appropriately present dividends paid by the non-guarantor subsidiaries and dividends received by WESCO Distribution, Inc. The revisions did not impact the consolidated amounts previously reported, nor did they impact the Company’s obligations under the 2021 Notes or the 2029 Debentures. 84 WESCO International, Inc. 16. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) The following table sets forth selected quarterly financial data for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014: 2015 Net Sales Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) Income from operations Income before income taxes Net income Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. Basic earnings per share attributable to WESCO International, Inc.(A) Diluted earnings per share attributable to WESCO International, Inc.(B) 2014 Net Sales Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) Income from operations Income before income taxes Net income Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. Basic earnings per share attributable to WESCO International, Inc.(A) Diluted earnings per share attributable to WESCO International, Inc.(B) First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter $ 1,816,330 $ 1,916,718 $ 1,923,899 $ 1,861,540 1,448,639 87,185 66,291 46,793 1,535,084 90,253 71,640 50,639 1,543,113 106,348 85,931 62,384 1,497,990 89,956 80,048 48,557 47,031 51,741 63,503 48,412 1.06 0.90 1.18 1.00 1.47 1.28 1.15 1.03 $ 1,810,825 $ 2,005,165 $ 2,078,150 $ 1,995,486 1,436,032 92,959 72,271 51,855 1,593,437 115,833 95,496 68,787 1,655,787 133,248 112,450 80,818 1,593,328 124,177 103,936 73,977 51,905 68,802 80,816 74,383 1.17 0.97 1.55 1.29 1.82 1.52 1.67 1.40 (A) Earnings per share (EPS) in each quarter is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the quarter while EPS for the full year is computed by taking the average of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding each quarter. Thus, the sum of the four quarters’ EPS may not equal the full-year EPS. (B) Diluted EPS in each quarter is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding and common share equivalents during that quarter while Diluted EPS for the full year is computed by taking the average of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding and common share equivalents each quarter. Thus, the sum of the four quarters’ Diluted EPS may not equal the full-year Diluted EPS. 2015 Annual Report 85 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the updated framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) (2013 Framework) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission on May 14, 2013. Based on our evaluation under the 2013 Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015. The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included herein. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting During the last fiscal quarter of 2015, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with management’s evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information. None. 86 WESCO International, Inc. PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. The information set forth under the captions “Board of Directors” and “Executive Officers” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference. Codes of Business Ethics and Conduct We have adopted a Code of Business Ethics and Conduct (“Code of Conduct”) that applies to our Directors, officers and employees that is available on our website at www.wesco.com by selecting the “Investors” tab followed by the “Corporate Governance” heading. Any amendment or waiver of the Code of Conduct for our officers or Directors will be disclosed promptly at that location on our website. We also have adopted a Senior Financial Executive Code of Principles for Senior Executives (“Senior Financial Executive Code”) that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing these functions. The Senior Financial Executive Code is also available at that same location on our website. We intend to timely disclose any amendment or waiver of the Senior Financial Executive Code on our website and will retain such information on our website as required by applicable SEC rules. A copy of the Code of Conduct and/or Senior Financial Executive Code may also be obtained upon request by any stockholder, without charge, by writing to us at WESCO International, Inc., 225 West Station Square Drive, Suite 700, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, Attention: Corporate Secretary. The information required by Item 10 that relates to our Directors and executive officers is incorporated by reference from the information appearing under the captions “Corporate Governance,” “Board and Committee Meetings” and “Security Ownership” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders that is to be filed with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act within 120 days of the end of our fiscal year on December 31, 2015. Item 11. Executive Compensation. The information set forth under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and “Director Compensation” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference. 2015 Annual Report 87 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. The information set forth under the caption “Security Ownership” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference. The following table provides information as of December 31, 2015 with respect to the shares of our common stock that may be issued under our existing equity compensation plans: Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans 2,856,952 $ 48.94 3,073,234 — 2,856,952 $ — 48.94 — 3,073,234 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. The information set forth under the captions “Transactions with Related Persons” and “Corporate Governance” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services. The information set forth under the caption “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees and Services” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference. 88 WESCO International, Inc. PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules. The financial statements, financial statement schedule and exhibits listed below are filed as part of this annual report: (a) (1) Financial Statements The list of financial statements required by this item is set forth in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and is incorporated herein by reference. (2) Financial Statement Schedules Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (b) Exhibits Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit Prior Filing or Sequential Page Number 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 Recapitalization Agreement, dated as of March 27, 1998, among Thor Acquisitions L.L.C., WESCO International, Inc. (formerly known as CDW Holding Corporation) and certain security holders of WESCO International, Inc. Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 15, 2012, between WDCC Enterprises Inc., the Shareholders party thereto, EECOL Holdings Ltd., Jarich Holdings Ltd., EESA Corp., EESA Holdings Ltd. and EECOL Electric Corp. Restated Certificate of Incorporation of WESCO International, Inc. Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of WESCO International, Inc. Amended and Restated By-laws of WESCO International, Inc., effective as of May 29, 2014 Indenture, dated August 27, 2009, by and among WESCO International, Inc., WESCO Distribution, Inc. and The Bank of New York, as Trustee Form of 6.0% Convertible Senior Debenture due 2029 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to WESCO’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333- 43225) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to WESCO's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 17, 2012 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to WESCO’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333- 70404) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to WESCO’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 29, 2014 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to WESCO’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 29, 2014 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to WESCO’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 27, 2009 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to WESCO’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 27, 2009 Indenture, dated November 26, 2013, among WESCO Distribution, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to WESCO’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 27, 2013 2015 Annual Report 89 Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit Prior Filing or Sequential Page Number 4.4 4.5 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 Form of 5.375% Restricted Note due 2021 Form of 5.375% Unrestricted Note due 2021 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A-1 to Exhibit 4.1 to WESCO’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 27, 2013 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A-2 to Exhibit 4.1 to WESCO’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 27, 2013 1999 Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors, as amended and restated September 20, 2007 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to WESCO's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 Form of Stock Appreciation Rights Agreement for Employees Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Employees Form of Stock Appreciation Rights Agreement for Non-Employee Directors Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Non-Employee Directors Amended and Restated Registration and Participation Agreement, dated as of June 5, 1998, among WESCO International, Inc. and certain security holders of WESCO International, Inc. named therein Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2009, between WESCO International Inc. and John J. Engel Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to WESCO's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to WESCO's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to WESCO’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to WESCO’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to WESCO’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333-43225) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to WESCO’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009 Term Sheet, dated January 15, 2010, memorializing terms of employment of Diane Lazzaris by WESCO International, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to WESCO’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 Term Sheet, dated June 18, 2010, memorializing terms of employment of Kimberly Windrow by WESCO International, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to WESCO’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2010 Notice of Performance Share Award under the WESCO International, Inc. 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to WESCO’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012 Term Sheet, dated May 24, 2012, memorializing terms of employment of Kenneth Parks by WESCO International, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to WESCO's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012 Term Loan agreement, dated as of December 12, 2012 among WESCO Distribution, Inc., WDCC Enterprises Inc., WESCO International, Inc., Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent and the other Lenders and Agents party thereto Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to WESCO's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 17, 2012 90 WESCO International, Inc. Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit Prior Filing or Sequential Page Number 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as restated effective as of May 30, 2013 First Amendment to Term Loan Agreement, dated as of November 19, 2013 among WESCO Distribution, Inc., WDCC Enterprises Inc., WESCO International, Inc., Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent and the other Lenders and Agents party thereto Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Unit Agreement Form of Stock Appreciation Rights Agreement for Employees Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement For Employees Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Proxy Statement filed on Schedule 14A on April 16, 2013 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to WESCO’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to WESCO’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to WESCO’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to WESCO’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 Notice of Performance Share Award Under the WESCO International, Inc. 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended May 30, 2013 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to WESCO’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2015 among WESCO Distribution, Inc., the other U.S. Borrowers party thereto, WESCO Distribution Canada LP, the other Canadian Borrowers party thereto, WESCO International, Inc., the Lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as Canadian Administrative Agent Fourth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2015, by and among WESCO Receivables Corp., WESCO Distribution, Inc., the various Purchaser Groups from time to time party thereto and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator Release Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2015, between WESCO International, Inc., and WESCO Distribution, Inc., and Stephen A. Van Oss Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Unit Agreement Form of Notice of Performance Share Award Under the WESCO International, Inc. 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended May 30, 2013 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to WESCO’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 24, 2015 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to WESCO’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 24, 2015 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to WESCO’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the quarter ended September 30, 2015 Filed herewith Filed herewith 2015 Annual Report 91 Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit Prior Filing or Sequential Page Number 10.24 21.1 23.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 Form of Director and Officer Indemnification Agreement, entered among WESCO International, Inc. and certain of its executive officers and directors listed on a schedule attached thereto Subsidiaries of WESCO International, Inc. Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Exchange Act Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Exchange Act Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Filed herewith Filed herewith Filed herewith Filed herewith Filed herewith Filed herewith Filed herewith 101 Interactive Data File Filed herewith The registrant hereby agrees to furnish supplementally to the Commission, upon request, a copy of any omitted schedule to any of the agreements contained herein. Copies of exhibits may be retrieved electronically at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s home page at www.sec.gov. Exhibits will also be furnished without charge by writing to Kenneth S. Parks, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, 225 West Station Square Drive, Suite 700, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219. Requests may also be directed to (412) 454-2200. 92 WESCO International, Inc. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. /s/ JOHN J. ENGEL John J. Engel By: Name: Title: Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Date: February 22, 2016 WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. /s/ KENNETH S. PARKS By: Name: Kenneth S. Parks Title: Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Date: February 22, 2016 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title /s/ JOHN J. ENGEL John J. Engel Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ KENNETH S. PARKS Kenneth S. Parks Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) /s/ SANDRA BEACH LIN Sandra Beach Lin /s/ BOBBY J. GRIFFIN Bobby J. Griffin /s/ JOHN K. MORGAN John K. Morgan /s/ JAMES J. O’BRIEN James J. O’Brien /s/ STEVEN A. RAYMUND Steven A. Raymund /s/ JAMES L. SINGLETON James L. Singleton /s/ ROBERT J. TARR, JR. Robert J. Tarr, Jr. /s/ LYNN M. UTTER Lynn M. Utter Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Date February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 2015 Annual Report 93 Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2015 Year ended December 31, 2014 Year ended December 31, 2013 Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Expense Charged to Other Accounts(1) Deductions(2) Balance at End of Period $ 21,084 $ 19,309 17,242 6,099 $ 5,937 2,878 1,305 $ 194 2,623 (5,901) $ (4,356) (3,434) 22,587 21,084 19,309 (1) Represents allowance for doubtful accounts in connection with certain acquisitions and divestitures. (2) Includes a reduction in the allowance for doubtful accounts due to write-off of accounts receivable. 94 WESCO International, Inc. Exhibit 21.1 Subsidiaries of WESCO International, Inc. 1502218 Alberta Ltd., an Alberta corporation WDCH US LP, a Delaware limited partnership Bruckner Polska Spolka z o.o., a Poland limited company WDI-Angola, LDA, an Angola company Bruckner Supply Singapore, a Singapore sole proprietor Calvert Wire & Cable Corporation, a Delaware corporation Carlton-Bates Company, an Arkansas corporation Carlton-Bates Company de Mexico S.A. de C.V., a Mexico variable capital company Carlton-Bates Company of Texas GP, Inc., a Texas corporation CBC LP Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company CDW Holdco, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company Communications Supply Corporation, a Connecticut corporation Conney Investment Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company Conney Safety Products, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company Distribuidora Materiales Electricos E-Supply Limitada, a Chile limited liability company EECOL Electric Bolivia Ltda., a Bolivia limited liability company EECOL Electric Peru S.A.C., a Peru sociedad anonima cerrada EECOL Electric ULC, an Alberta unlimited liability company EECOL Industrial Electric Ecuador Limitada, an Ecuador limited liability company EECOL Industrial Electric (SudAmerica) Limitada, a Chile limited liability company EECOL Industrial Electric Limitada, a Chile limited liability company EECOL Power S.A., a Chile closed stock corporation EECOL Properties Corp., an Alberta corporation Hazmasters Inc., an Ontario corporation Hazmasters Quebec Inc., a Quebec corporation Hi-Line Utility Supply Company, LLC, an Illinois limited liability company Hill Country Electric Supply, L.P., a Texas limited partnership Liberty Wire & Cable, Inc., a Delaware corporation Needham Electric Supply Corporation, a Massachusetts corporation Obras Y Servicios Sunpark S.A.C. (OS Sunpark), a Peru sociedad anonima cerrada SASK Alta Holdings S.A., a Chile closely held stock corporation Services Voice, Video and Data Distribution de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V., a Mexico limited liability company Stone Eagle Electrical Supply GP Inc., an Alberta corporation Stone Eagle Electrical Supply Limited Partnership, an Alberta limited partnership TVC Canada Corp., a Nova Scotia unlimited liability company TVC Communications, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company TVC Espana Distribucion y Venta De Equipos, S.L., a Spain limited liability company TVC International Holding, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company TVC UK Holdings Limited, a United Kingdom limited company Voice, Video and Data Distribution de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V., a Mexico limited liability company WDC Holding Inc., a Delaware corporation WDCC Enterprises Inc., an Alberta corporation WDCH, LP, a Pennsylvania limited partnership WDINESCO B.V., a Netherlands private company with limited liability WDINESCO C.V., a Netherlands limited partnership WDINESCO II B.V., a Netherlands private company with limited liability WDINESCO III B.V., a Netherlands private company with limited liability WDINESCO II C.V., a Netherlands limited partnership WDINESCO III C.V., a Netherlands limited partnership WEAS Company, S. de R.L., a Mexico private limited company WECOL Holdings ULC, an Alberta unlimited liability company WESCO (Suzhou) Trading Co., Ltd., a China limited liability company WESCO Australia Pty Ltd, an Australian company WESCO Canada I, LP, an Alberta limited partnership WESCO Canada II, LP, an Alberta limited partnership WESCO Distribution Canada Co., a Nova Scotia unlimited liability company WESCO Distribution Canada GP Inc., an Ontario Corporation WESCO Distribution Canada LP, an Ontario limited partnership WESCO Distribution de Mexico, S. de R.L., a Mexico private limited company WESCO Distribution HK Limited, a Hong Kong limited private company WESCO Distribution, Inc., a Delaware Corporation WESCO Distribution-International Limited, a United Kingdom limited company WESCO Distribution NL B.V., a Netherlands private company with limited liability WESCO Distribution Pte. Ltd., a Singapore limited private company WESCO Distribution II ULC, a Nova Scotia unlimited liability company WESCO Distribution III ULC, a Nova Scotia unlimited liability company WESCO Enterprises, Inc., a Delaware corporation WESCO Equity Corporation, a Delaware corporation WESCO Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation WESCO Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company WESCO Integrated Supply, Inc., a Delaware corporation WESCO Netherlands B.V., a Netherlands private company with limited liability WESCO Nevada, Ltd., a Nevada corporation WESCO Nigeria, Inc., a Delaware corporation WESCO Real Estate I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company WESCO Real Estate II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company WESCO Real Estate III, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company WESCO Real Estate IV, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company WESCO Receivables Corp., a Delaware corporation WESCO TLD Holdings Co., Ltd., a Thailand limited private company WND Nigeria Limited, a Nigeria corporation 2015 Annual Report 95 Exhibit 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No’s. 333-188979, 333-188978, 333-81845, 333-172531, 333-91187, 333-81841, 333-81847 and 333-81857) of WESCO International, Inc. of our report dated February 22, 2016 relating to the financial statements, financial statement schedule and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania February 22, 2016 96 WESCO International, Inc. Exhibit 31.1. Certification I, John J. Engel, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of WESCO International, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) (b) (c) (d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 22, 2016 By: /s/ John J. Engel John J. Engel Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer 2015 Annual Report 97 Exhibit 31.2. Certification I, Kenneth S. Parks, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of WESCO International, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) (b) (c) (d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 22, 2016 By: /s/ Kenneth S. Parks Kenneth S. Parks Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 98 WESCO International, Inc. Exhibit 32.1. Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of WESCO International, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, in the capacity and on the date indicated below, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his knowledge: 1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operation of the Company. Date: February 22, 2016 By: /s/ John J. Engel John J. Engel Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer 2015 Annual Report 99 Exhibit 32.2. Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of WESCO International, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, in the capacity and on the date indicated below, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his knowledge: 1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operation of the Company. Date: February 22, 2016 By: /s/ Kenneth S. Parks Kenneth S. Parks Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 100 WESCO International, Inc. Non-GAAP Reconciliations (Dollars in millions, except for diluted EPS) Adjusted EBITDA: Income from operations (EBIT) ArcelorMittal litigation charge (recovery) Adjusted income from operations (Adjusted EBIT) Depreciation and amortization Adjusted EBITDA Adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc.: Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. ArcelorMittal litigation charge (recovery), net of tax Adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. Adjusted Diluted EPS: Diluted share count Adjusted Diluted EPS 333 — 333 32 365 196 — 196 49.6 3.96 333 36 369 38 407 202 22 224 51.1 4.38 Adjusted stockholders’ equity: Stockholders’ equity Add: ArcelorMittal litigation charge, net of tax Adjusted stockholders’ equity 1,346 — 1,346 1,554 22 1,576 481 (36) 445 68 513 276 (22) 254 52.7 4.82 1,765 — 1,765 466 — 466 68 534 276 — 276 53.3 5.18 374 — 374 65 439 211 — 211 50.4 4.18 1,928 — 1,928 1,774 — 1,774 2015 Annual Report 101 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Non-GAAP Reconciliations (Dollars in millions, except percentages) Free Cash Flow: Cash provided by operations Less: capital expenditures Add: non-recurring pension contribution Free cash flow Adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. Free cash flow as a % of adjusted net income 168 (33) — 134 196 68% 288 (23) — 265 315 (28) 21 308 224 118% 254 121% ROIC: 333 Adjusted income from operations Equity income — Adjusted income from operations plus equity income 333 Tax effect (year-end effective tax rate) Tax effected adjusted income from operations plus equity income Par debt December 31 of the prior year March 31 of the current year June 30 of the current year September 30 of the current year December 31 of the current year Average par debt Stockholders’ equity December 31 of the prior year (adjusted)1 Less: debt discount Stockholders’ equity, net of debt discount March 31 of the current year (adjusted)1 Less: debt discount Stockholders’ equity, net of debt discount June 30 of the current year (adjusted)1 Less: debt discount Stockholders’ equity, net of debt discount September 30 of the current year (adjusted)1 Less: debt discount Stockholders’ equity, net of debt discount December 31 of the current year (adjusted) Less: debt discount Stockholders’ equity, net of debt discount 99 234 908 886 936 907 825 893 1,149 178 971 1,199 178 1,021 1,253 177 1,076 1,284 177 1,107 1,346 176 1,170 Average stockholders’ equity, net of debt discount 1,069 369 — 369 105 264 825 794 759 896 1,919 1,039 1,346 176 1,170 1,411 175 1,236 1,469 175 1,294 1,545 175 1,370 1,576 184 1,392 1,292 Average par debt and stockholders’ equity ROIC 1,962 11.9% 2,331 11.3% 1 Adjusted for ArcelorMittal litigation impact. 445 — 445 121 324 1,919 1,857 1,797 1,758 1,662 1,799 1,576 184 1,392 1,614 183 1,431 1,639 181 1,458 1,739 180 1,559 1,765 175 1,590 1,486 3,285 9.9% 251 (21) — 230 276 84% 466 — 466 132 334 1,662 1,676 1,741 1,689 1,586 1,671 1,765 175 1,590 1,774 174 1,600 1,890 173 1,717 1,909 172 1,737 1,928 170 1,758 1,680 3,351 10.0% 283 (22) — 261 211 125% 374 — 374 117 256 1,586 1,557 1,653 1,667 1,665 1,626 1,928 170 1,758 1,837 169 1,669 1,866 167 1,699 1,760 166 1,594 1,774 164 1,610 1,666 3,292 7.8% 102 WESCO International, Inc. Corporate Headquarters WESCO International, Inc. Suite 700 225 West Station Square Drive Pittsburgh, PA 15219-1122 Phone: 412-454-2200 www.wesco.com Investor Relations For questions regarding WESCO, contact Mary Ann Bell, Vice President, Investor Relations at investorrelations@wesco.com. A copy of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K or other financial information may be requested through our website (www.wesco.com) or by contacting Investor Relations. Common Stock WESCO International, Inc. is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol WCC. Annual Meeting The Annual Meeting of stockholders will be held on May 26, 2016, at 2:00 p.m., E.D.T., at: Sheraton Pittsburgh Hotel at Station Square 300 West Station Square Drive Pittsburgh, PA 15219 Transfer Agent and Registrar Computershare P.O. Box 30170 College Station, TX 77842-3170 Toll free: 877-264-3927 TDD for Hearing Impaired: 800-231-5469 Foreign Shareholders: 201-680-6578 TDD Foreign Shareholders: 201-680-6610 Website address: www.computershare.com/investor Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Pittsburgh, PA Certifications to the NYSE and the SEC On June 12, 2015, the Company submitted its CEO Certification to the NYSE under NYSE Rule 303A.12(a). Also, any CEO/CFO certifications required to be filed with the SEC, including the Section 302 certifications, are filed by the Company as exhibits to its Annual Report on Form 10-K. An online version of the Annual Report is available at www.wesco.com CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Board of Directors (left to right) Robert J. Tarr, Jr. Professional Director and Private Investor Steven A. Raymund Chairman Tech Data Corporation Lynn M. Utter Former President and Chief Operating Officer Knoll Office Sandra Beach Lin Former Chief Executive Officer Calisolar, Inc. John K. Morgan Former Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer Zep, Inc. John J. Engel Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer WESCO International, Inc. James J. O’Brien Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Ashland Inc. James L. Singleton Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Cürex Group Holdings, LLC Bobby J. Griffin Former President, International Operations of Ryder System, Inc. Term expires May 2016 Sandra Beach Lin John J. Engel James J. O’Brien Steven A. Raymund Robert J. Tarr, Jr. Lynn M. Utter Term expires May 2017 Bobby J. Griffin John K. Morgan James L. Singleton Executive Officers (as of April 1, 2016) John J. Engel Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer Timothy A. Hibbard Vice President and Corporate Controller Diane E. Lazzaris Senior Vice President and General Counsel Kenneth S. Parks Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Kimberly G. Windrow Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer WESCO International, Inc. Suite 700 225 West Station Square Drive Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219-1122 Phone: 412-454-2200 www.wesco.com The printer and paper utilized for this report have been certified by the Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC®), which promotes environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial and economically viable management of the world’s forests. This report is printed on paper made from mixed sources of post-industrial recycled and virgin fiber. © Copyright by WESCO 2015– 2016. All rights reserved.