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Witan Investment Trust

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FY2013 Annual Report · Witan Investment Trust
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Capital and income growth from  
active global equity investment

Annual report 2013 

Witan’s objective

Long term growth in income and 
(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:123)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:16)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)
investment in global equities

Witan is an investment trust which is listed 
on the London Stock Exchange and was 
founded in 1909.

(cid:58)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:426)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:428)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)
markets (principally equities) using a 
multi-manager approach. The portfolio is 
(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:428)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)
sector and at the individual stock level.

Witan typically uses between 10 and 15 
(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:426)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)
active approaches and styles aims to deliver 
added value for shareholders while smoothing 
out the volatility normally associated with 
(cid:68)(cid:123)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:17)

To view the report online

If you would like to view video updates  
about the Company, please visit:

www.witan.com

Contents

Shareholder Total Return

NAV Total Return

Dividends per Share

Financial highlights

+36.7%
+29.4%
+9.1%

02

Chairman’s and Chief Executive’s report
  Witan’s net asset value total 
return was   29.4% in 2013

04

 Report  of the Directors 
 02  Financial Highlights
 04 

 Chairman’s and Chief Executive’s 
Report

Strategic Report
 0 8  Strategic Report
 21  Investment Managers
 24   Fifty Largest Investments
 25  Classi(cid:428) cation of Investments

Statutory Information
 26  Board of Directors
 Directors’ Report
 28 

Corporate Governance
 32  Corporate Governance Statement
 42  Report of the Audit Committee
 44  Directors’ Remuneration Report    

Financial Statements
 55 

 Statement of Directors’ 
Responsibilities 

56  Independent Auditor’s Report
 60  Statement of Comprehensive Income
 61  Statements of Changes in Equity
 62  Balance Sheets
 63  Cash Flow Statements
 64  Notes to the Financial Statements

Other Information
 86  Historical Record
 86  Unsolicited approaches for shares
 87  Witan Wisdom and Jump
 88  Shareholder Information 
 IBC The Royal Horticultural Society

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

01

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Financial highlights

Corporate key performance indicators

Share price and net asset value (NAV)  

Share Price 

NAV per ordinary share  (debt at par value) 

NAV per ordinary share  (debt at market value) 

Discount (debt at market value) (A) 

Discount (NAV excluding income, debt at market value) (B) 

2013  

669.0p 

725.2p 

717. 6p 

6.8% 

6.1% 

2012  

 %  change

 33.0

 24. 6

 26. 1

503.0p 

581.8p 

568.9p 

11.6% 

10.2% 

(A)  This is the discount to NAV including income. 

(B)  The average discount on this basis in 2013 was 8.3% (2012: 10.7%).

(Source: Datastream)

Total return performance

Total shareholder return (C) 

Net asset value total return (D) 

Benchmark (E) 

FTSE All-Share Index (F) 

FTSE World (ex UK) Index (F) 

1yr % Return 

3yrs % Return 

5yrs % Return

36.7 

29.4 

20.7 

20.8 

22.7 

40.1 

33.7 

26.9 

31.0 

29.0 

117.7

104.0

82.2

95.2

78.9

(C)  Source: Datastream. The movement in ordinary share price adjusted to include 

(E)  Source: Witan. The benchmark is a composite of four indices: the FTSE

the reinvestment of dividends.

(D)  Source: Datastream/Witan. The movement in the net asset value per share 

adjusted to include the reinvestment of dividends.

All-Share Index 40%, the FTSE All-World North America Index 20%, the FTSE 
All-World Europe (ex UK) Index 20% and the FTSE All-World Asia Paci(cid:428) c Index 
20%.

(F)  Source: Datastream. See also FTSE International for conditions of use 

(www.ftse.com).

NAV total return since introduction of the multi-manager structure (30.09.04) (G)

300

275

250

225

200

175

150

125

100

Witan benchmark
Share Price Total Return
NAV

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

(G) Source: Datastream.

02

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 
 
  
 
Dividend information

Dividend Information 

Revenue per share 

Dividend per share 

2014 Dividend schedule*

Ex-Dividend Date 

26/02/2014

21/05/2014

20/08/2014

20/11/2014

2013 

15.4p 

14.4p 

2012 

14.5p 

13.2p 

%  change

 6.2%

 9.1%

Pay Date 

Dividend Type 

  Dividend  payable
per share

28/03/2014

Fourth Interim 

18/06/2014

First Interim 

18/09/2014

Second Interim

18/12/2014

Third Interim

4.5p

3.6p

3.6p

3.6p

*Please note that the dates and amounts for the first, second and third interim dividends could be subject to change.

Other (cid:428) nancial information

Other Financial Information 

Net Assets  

Number of  ordinary shares in Issue 

Gearing (A) 

Share buy-backs (B)

Ongoing charge excluding performance fee 

Ongoing charge including performance fee 

2013 

2012 

% change

£1,372,944,000 

£1,105,847,000 

189,311,000 

190,079,500 

 24.2%

 -0.4%

7. 3% 

0.4%

0.69% 

1.12% 

6.1%

1.2%

0.69%

0.97% 

(A) The di(cid:426)  erence between shareholders’ funds and the total market value of 
the investments (including the face value of futures positions) expressed as a 
percentage of shareholders’ funds  (see note 14, page  81).

(B) The percentage of the ordinary share capital in issue at the previous year end 
that was bought back during the year.

 Since 2003, Witan’s dividend per share has risen 73%, compared with +31% for the UK consumer price index

16.0

14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

Witan dividend (pence per share) (left scale)
CPI Index (right scale)

188.0

164.5

141.0

117.5

94.0

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Source: Datastream.

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

03

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Chairman’s and Chief Executive’s report

share (2012: 13.2 pence), an increase of 9.1%, 
marking the 39th consecutive year of rising dividends 
at Witan. This includes the fourth interim dividend 
of (cid:123) 4.5  pence declared in February 2014 and payable 
on 28 March 2014.   

Over the past 5 years, despite the market gloom 
which initially followed the collapse of Lehman 
Brothers in 2008, Witan has achieved an NAV total 
return of  +104% , compared with the  +82%  returns 
from our benchmark over this period (source: 
Datastream). It is encouraging to report a healthy 
level of outperformance over the longer term, 
alongside the strong results achieved in 2013.

The returns were driven by widespread 
outperformance by our investment managers as well 
as the bene(cid:428) t of employing gearing, during a year 
of improving investor con(cid:428) dence and rising stock 
markets. Although this recovery in con(cid:428) dence is 
welcome, it is prudent to note that the rise in equity 
markets has reduced the safety margin previously 
provided by low valuations. The forthcoming 
corporate reporting season will be important in 
con(cid:428) rming whether the growth that equity investors 
have anticipated is being realised.

The investment markets in 2013
Equity markets performed very well in 2013, 
helped by the absence of the crises and persistent 
disappointments that had characterised the 
previous two years. Economic growth was weak 
during the (cid:428) rst part of the year but improved, 
encouraging equity markets to factor in better times 
in 2014. In the US, the economy sustained close 
to 2% growth, improving during the year despite a 
sharp tightening of (cid:428) scal policy. The UK avoided a 
“triple-dip” recession (and the earlier “second dip” 
was revised away by more up -to -date economic 
(cid:428) gures) and began to see stronger growth. Japan’s 
economy responded positively to the devaluation 
 of(cid:123)the previously overvalued yen and even Europe 
saw a modest recovery from  the recessionary 
conditions  experienced at the start of the year. 

Harry Henderson  | Chairman

Andrew Bell  | Chief Executive

Summary
In 2013 Witan delivered a net asset value (NAV) total 
return of  29.4% ,  8.7%  more than our benchmark’s 
total return of  20.7%  and  8.6%  more than the  20.8%  
return on the FTSE All -Share index of UK shares. 
The share price total return was  36.7% , enhanced 
by a narrowing in our share price discount to NAV.
The total dividend for the year was  14.4  pence  per  

04

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

How we’ve performed

>  The NAV total return of  29.4%  outperformed the benchmark’s return of  20.7%  

>  NAV total return over last (cid:428) ve years of  104% ,  22%   ahead of the benchmark

>  Dividend increased by  9.1%  to 14.4p, 7.1% ahead of the rate of in(cid:430) ation 

>  The 39th consecutive year of increased dividends

>  The discount narrowed from  10.2%  to  6.1% 

 Equities may also have been helped by the (cid:428) rst 
signs of investors turning away from bond markets. 
Yields had fallen so far in 2012 that the penny (cid:428) nally 
seemed to drop that buying bonds with yields below 
the in(cid:430) ation rate was a recipe for losing money. 
Yields rose sharply in the early summer, in response 
to hints that the US Federal Reserve (‘the Fed’) was 
considering reducing its bond purchases. It had 
previously been buying bonds in order to boost the 
money supply and encourage economic recovery. 
With some signs that this policy was proving successful,
in May it signalled a possible change. This led to 
a sharp sell-o(cid:426)   in bond markets which disturbed 
equity sentiment for several months and, in the 
case(cid:123)of emerging markets, for the rest of the year.

Once it became clear that any change in purchases 
by the Fed was dependent upon continued economic 
improvement and that they were a long way from 
deciding to raise interest rates, equity markets 
resumed progress, amid signs that economic 
growth(cid:123)was improving in most regions. Bonds did 
not(cid:123)recover, underscoring the point that the rise in 
yields was due to the overextended starting level, 
with the Fed’s policy signal the catalyst not the 
cause(cid:123)of the rise.

Witan’s strategy during the year was to remain 
fully invested into what seemed to be an improving 
outlook for economic growth and corporate 
earnings, although our gearing was reduced towards 
the end of the year. We increased our exposure to 
Japan, by appointing a manager (Matthews) for 
Far(cid:123)Eastern equities including Japan, by purchasing 
a Japanese fund (managed by Polar Capital) and 
by investing in Japanese equity index futures. We 
took pro(cid:428) ts in areas where we felt that valuations 
had become less attractive (including UK smaller 
 companies and our holding in the private equity 
company 3i Group) and we allocated additional 
funds to the managers (Lansdowne, Matthews and 
Heronbridge) appointed since autumn 2012. 

We completed a review of our list of managers, 
culminating late in the year in the appointment of 
two global managers (Pzena and Tweedy, Browne) 
with a value-based approach. With hindsight, we 
should have had more in Europe (which outperformed) 
and less in emerging economies (which lagged) but 
overall our shareholders enjoyed a successful year.

The Discount, Share Buybacks and Treasury shares
The Company’s discount (relative to the NAV 
excluding income, with debt at market value) 
progressively narrowed during the year, ending at 
 6.1% , compared with  10.2%  at the end of 2012. 
The(cid:123)average discount for the year was 8.3% 
(2012: 10.7%). 

This narrower discount is to be welcomed as it re(cid:430) ects, 
at least in part, increased investor enthusiasm for 
the Company’s active multi-manager approach to 
investment in global equity markets. During the year, 
the Company purchased for cancellation a total of 
 0.4%  of the starting shares in issue, at discounts 
between  8% and 11% , generating a small uplift 
in the NAV per share. This should also be seen as 
re(cid:430) ecting the Board’s wish to encourage the trend 
of a narrowing discount, from which all shareholders 
would clearly bene(cid:428) t, although it is recognised that 
market conditions and investment performance will 
also have a material in(cid:430) uence.

Although the Company’s shares currently remain 
at a discount, the Board is seeking powers at the 
forthcoming Annual General Meeting to buy shares 
into Treasury, for possible reissuance in the event of 
the shares moving to a premium. Shares will only be 
re-sold from Treasury at (or at a premium to) the net 
asset value per ordinary share.

 Additionally, the Company is seeking shareholder 
approval to issue shares, up to 10% of the starting 
total, provided that such shares are issued at or at a 
premium to net asset value.

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

05

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Chairman’s and Chief Executive’s report continued

Regulatory changes and 
Investment Management Fees
The Alternative Investment Fund Managers 
Directive (‘AIFMD’) passed into UK law in July 2013, 
after several years of debate in European political 
circles. Funds a(cid:426)  ected have until July 2014 to 
comply with its requirements. Although “alternative 
investment” in the UK is generally used to describe 
exposure to specialist investment strategies such 
as hedge funds and private equity, the Directive will 
also apply to mainstream investment funds, such as 
Witan and other investment trusts, as well as many 
open-ended funds.

For mainstream funds, such as most investment trusts, 
the safeguards and reporting requirements required 
by the AIFMD are generally already covered by the 
Listing Rules for quoted companies or by existing 
corporate governance practices and regulations. 
The(cid:123)principal e(cid:426)  ect will be to require  investment 
 funds to appoint an Alternative Investment Fund 
Manager (‘AIFM’) and for AIFMs to be internally 
organised along prescribed lines and to meet 
amended reporting requirements.

Witan Investment Trust, along with its wholly-owned 
subsidiary Witan Investment Services (‘WIS’) is in the 
process of adapting its internal organisation in order 
to comply with the new regulation, enabling WIS to 
act as the AIFM for Witan. This is not expected to 
result in material changes to Witan’s overall sta(cid:431)  ng, 
although there will be additional costs associated 
with legal advice and the requirement to appoint 
a Depositary. The Company expects to report to 
Shareholders under the new arrangements from 
the(cid:123)end of 2014.

Investment Management Fees
The most signi(cid:428) cant variable costs incurred by the 
Company are the investment management fees paid 
to our external managers. The introduction of the 
Retail Distribution Review (‘RDR’), discussed below, 
has led to questioning of the role of performance 
fees, as well as introducing greater transparency over 
the structure of fees charged by open-ended funds. 

Over the past year, the proportion of our assets 
managed without performance fees has increased. 
However, the Company believes that performance 
fees can be appropriate, provided that the resulting 
total fee is competitive. The Company structures 
the fee agreement with each external manager to 
obtain the best deal for shareholders. Whilst this 
will not always produce the lowest costs in absolute 
terms, the Company believes it is in shareholders’ 
interests to pay for managers who add value. Witan 
takes care to ensure the competitiveness of the fee 
rates it pays and that where higher fees are incurred 
they are linked to good performance, from which 
shareholders bene(cid:428) t. Further details are set out in 
the Strateg ic Report.

The Retail Distribution Review (‘RDR’), which 
took e(cid:426)  ect at the start of 2013, was a positive 
development for  investment  trusts, removing 
some of the built-in (cid:428) nancial incentives for 
(cid:428) nancial advisers to favour open-ended funds over 
investment trusts. As a result of “levelling the playing 
(cid:428) eld” the RDR has made the decision over which 
fund to buy based more clearly on the merits of the 
funds themselves, which is a welcome development. 
A more competitive market has resulted, which 
should be a bene(cid:428) t for investors. There are some 
signs of a downward trend in investment manager 
fees following the ending of “trail commission”, 
while investment trusts have needed to develop 
better communications with (cid:428) nancial advisers and 
their clients, many of whom have relatively little 
familiarity with investment trusts. 

Witan welcomes the changes introduced by the RDR.  
With over two-thirds of our shares owned by private 
individuals or wealth managers and advisors managing 
portfolios on their behalf,  the Company is run with  a 
keen awareness of private investors’ interests. Witan  
o(cid:426)  er s an actively-managed portfolio with a  39-year 
record of consecutive dividend rises as well as being 
diversi(cid:428) ed by manager, geographic region , business 
sector and at the individual  company level. Further 
details of our investment approach and results are 
set out in the Strategic Report.

06

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 AGM
Our Annual General Meeting will be held at Merchant 
Taylors’ Hall on Wednesday 30 April 2014 at
2.30 pm. Formal notice of the meeting will be 
sent to(cid:123)shareholders when the Annual Report is 
published. We look forward to the opportunity to 
meet you then for the Company’s 106th AGM.

Outlook 
2014 may be the (cid:428) rst year since the (cid:428) nancial crisis 
that economic growth exceeds expectations. 
Alongside improving news on the growth outlook 
during 2013, there has been greater calm about 
the handling of issues such as the US budget de(cid:428) cit 
and tensions in the Eurozone which had caused 
such volatility in 2011 and 2012. Accordingly, 
equity investors have been prepared to pay a higher 
multiple of earnings for shares, perceiving the risks 
to have reduced.

Fundamental headwinds remain, in the form of 
pressures on consumer spending, with prices rising 
faster than wages, and the pressure on governments 
to rein in budget de(cid:428) cits. In addition, some emerging 
markets have encountered adjustment problems 
from the decline in commodity prices and from fears 
of a tightening in global liquidity as the US Federal 
Reserve begins to reduce the monetary stimulus 
applied to the US economy. The recent relative calm in 
Europe could yet be disturbed if the European elections 
in May generate signi(cid:428) cant support in Euro currency 
states for parties wishing to leave the Euro zone.

Maintaining the momentum of recovery remains a 
balancing act. Governments need to take action to 
address budget de(cid:428) cits and Central Banks to forestall 
future in(cid:430) ation but neither will wish to damage a 
recovery which still remains patchy. Although the 
Authorities have made clear since 2012 that they 
are committed to promoting economic recovery, 
without which the foregoing problems become more 
intractable, policy misjudgements are possible, to 
which equity markets may prove more vulnerable 
after the gains of the past two years.

On a more positive note, it appears increasingly 
possible that the recovery will become
self-reinforcing, as companies begin to invest 
more in future growth and take on more sta(cid:426)  . This 
would make it easier for consumers to maintain 
spending, while making inroads into their debt, 
and lead to a cyclical improvement in government 
(cid:428) nances. Although current in(cid:430) ation expectations 
are low, this follows several years of subdued 
growth. Government bond yields have risen from the 
unprecedentedly low levels of a year ago but remain 
well below levels viewed as normal prior to the 
(cid:428) nancial crisis. However, it is possible that a year of 
surprisingly strong growth will rekindle fears that the 
exceptional money creation in recent years will lead 
to rising in(cid:430) ation. Bonds remain vulnerable both to 
a cyclical rise in in(cid:430) ation and changed expectations 
about where in(cid:430) ationary risks lie for the future.

Investors are demanding a lower risk premium 
for holding equities, which have shrugged o(cid:426)   the 
rise in bond yields. This rerating of equities is a 
normal event when economies are improving but, 
unlike rises driven by increased pro(cid:428) ts, it is less 
repeatable. So, investors should look to earnings as 
the principal driver of returns in 2014. If corporate 
earnings grow, while interest rates remain low, 
equities should o(cid:426)  er competitive returns, although 
the need to be selective, to (cid:428) nd the areas of superior 
or underestimated growth, appears greater than 
before. This is re(cid:430) ected in Witan’s continued focus 
on managers who base their portfolios on the 
merits of particular companies, not their weight 
in(cid:123)a(cid:123)benchmark index.

Harry Henderson 
Chairman 
  11 March 2014

          Andrew Bell 
          Chief Executive

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

07

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic report
Strategy and business model

Under updated guidelines for UK-listed Companies’ 
Annual Reports,  companies are required to publish 
a Strategic Report. This replaces the previously-
required Business Review, although the objectives 
are similar. The Strategic Report should provide a 
description of the objectives which the strategy is 
designed to deliver for Shareholders, the business 
model and (cid:123)the outlook for the year ahead (see 
page 7). It should also include analysis of (cid:123)the 
Company’s performance during the (cid:123)year, relative 
to the key elements of its (cid:123)business strategy.

This Strategic Report has been prepared solely to 
provide additional information to shareholders to 
assess the  Company’s strategies and the potential 
for those strategies to succeed. The Strategic 
Report contains certain forward-looking 
statements. These statements are made by the 
directors in good faith based on the information 
available to them up to the time of their approval 
of this report and such statements should be 
treated with caution due to the inherent 
uncertainties, including both economic and 
business risk factors, underlying any such 
forward-looking information.

This report falls into four main sections:

Strategy 

Business model 

Performance and principal 
developments in 2013 

Corporate and operational structure 

Page

08

08

10
 17

Witan is an Investment Trust, which was founded 
in 1909 and has been listed on the London Stock 
Exchange since 1924. It(cid:123)is managed by an Executive 
team, under the control and supervision of the 
Board of Directors.

  Strategy
The Company invests its shareholders’ funds primarily in 
a broad geographical spread of global equity markets, in 
order to participate in opportunities created by growth in the 
world’s economy and to outperform a representative equity 
benchmark. The objective is to generate long-term growth in 
capital for shareholders, together with an income that rises 
faster than the rate of in(cid:430) ation.

The Company employs  an active multi-manager approach, 
allocating funds for investment by selected managers with 
di(cid:426)  ering styles and specialisations. The aim is to access the 
best available management ability, including managers not 
accessible on the same terms (or at all) to UK investors.

Witan’s multi-manager approach was adopted in 2004, in 
the belief that no single manager was likely to excel in all 
markets and at all points in the economic cycle. Employing 
managers to invest in their areas of greatest competence has 
the potential to improve returns and to reduce risk relative to 
using a single manager across the investment waterfront.

Our approach aims to balance di(cid:426)  erent factors (such as 
quality, value or growth approaches and geographical 
exposure), aiming to pro(cid:428) t from managers’ combined ability 
to outperform over time.

It is sometimes said of investment markets that whilst in the 
short-term they are a voting machine (a(cid:426)  ected by sentiment) 
in the long-term they are a weighing machine (recording 
substantive changes). We seek managers who can capture 
the longer term growth rewards from equity investment by 
focusing on fundamental share values rather than chasing 
short-term momentum. 

Business model

Whilst the external managers are responsible for stock 
selection in their individual portfolios, the Company’s Board 
and Executive team are responsible for the overall delivery of 
performance to shareholders, through the following means:
>    Setting the overall investment objective.
>   Selecting competent managers, who are expected 
to outperform a suitable benchmark relating to the 
investment remit set by the Company.

08

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 
 
>   Adjusting asset allocation according to opportunities 

that(cid:123)arise.

>   The selective use of borrowings with the aim of adding 

to(cid:123)performance.

>   Direct investment in funds exposed to specialist asset 

categories.

>   Controlled and selective use of exchange-traded 

derivatives to adjust asset allocation.

>   Maintaining an e(cid:426)  ective system of risk management and 

corporate governance.

In addition to delegating investment management to 
external portfolio managers, the Company operates an 
outsourced model for other corporate functions, such as fund 
accounting, custody and specialist professional services. 
These are overseen by the in-house Executive Team, covering 
Investment, Operations and Marketing, headed by the Chief 
Executive O(cid:431)  cer, who is a Director of the Company. 

Up to 10% of the portfolio (at the time of investment) 
may be invested in collective funds selected by the Chief 
Executive, with the objective of outperforming Witan’s equity 
benchmark. These may represent asset categories that 
are temporarily undervalued or funds which are viewed as 
attractive longer-term generators of superior returns. This 
portfolio is subject to limits set by the Board.

The Board and the Executive (under delegated guidelines 
from the Board) also seek to add to performance by adjusting 
the level of gearing employed, by the selective use of 
exchange -traded derivatives to alter the asset allocation 
and by the use of specialist funds to gain exposure to areas 
underrepresented in the rest of the portfolio. In essence, 
the Company seeks to have su(cid:431)  cient levers to pull to take 
advantage of investment opportunities that may arise, in 
addition to the total returns arising from the investment 
managers’ portfolios, which are expected to be the most 
signi(cid:428) cant driver of the Company’s performance.

The Board’s and the Executive’s role 
in investment management
As already described, the selection of individual investments 
is delegated to external managers, subject to investment 
limits and guidelines which re(cid:430) ect the particular mandate 
(e.g. UK or Global equities) and the speci(cid:428) c investment 
approach which the Company has selected (e.g. value, higher 
dividend yield, special situations). The managers are chosen 
by the Board after a disciplined selection process focused on 
the managers’ scope to add value and their (cid:428) t with the overall 
balance of the portfolio.

The overwhelming majority of the portfolio is managed in 
segregated accounts, held at the Company’s custodian, 
which enables the Company to view the portfolio as a whole 
and analyse its risks and opportunities as well as those at the 
level of each manager’s portfolio.

At the end of 2013, the Company had 11 external investment 
managers, covering a range of investment remits. 
Information regarding the proportion of Witan’s assets 
managed by each and of their performance during the year 
is set out on page  12. Details of the manager changes during 
the year are set out on  page  11.

Our Selected Benchmark 
The Company’s benchmark is a reference point for what 
shareholders can expect from an investment in Witan, 
in terms of the underlying investment structure and in 
performance. Since October 2007 the benchmark (based on 
the FTSE All -World indices) has been:

40% UK 
20% North America 
20% Europe ex-UK 
20% Asia Paci(cid:428) c. 

This re(cid:430) ects an investment policy that balances investment 
in the UK market (both for its domestic and international 
exposure) with access to growth in other regions of the world. 

It should be emphasised that the portfolio is actively 
managed and not designed to track any index. Performance 
can be expected to vary, sometimes considerably, from 
that of the benchmark, while aiming for consistent 
outperformance in the longer term.

Performance information for other commonly used indices 
is also given in the Key Performance Indicators summary 
section on page  2 . 

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

09

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Strategic report
Performance and principal developments in 2013 

Performance and principal developments in 2013
Success in implementing the Company’s strategy is monitored against a range of Key Performance 
Indicators (KPIs) which are viewed as significant measures of success over the longer term. 
Although performance relative to the KPIs is also monitored over shorter periods, it is success 
over the long-term that is viewed as more important, given the inherent volatility of short-term 
investment returns. The principal  financial KPIs are set out below, with a report (in italics) of 
Witan’s performance against them during 2013.  In addition, details of the Company’s performance 
in relation to its obligations under the UK Corporate Governance Code are set out in the 
Corporate Governance Statement on pages  32 to  41.

Key performance indicators

Investment performance

Outperformance compared with Witan’s equity benchmark.
The Company seeks to achieve at least 2% p.a. outperformance in NAV total return 
and shareholder total return terms over the long-term. 
In 2013, Witan achieved  8.7%  NAV  total return outperformance relative to its combined 
global equity benchmark ( see page 9) and a shareholder total return  16%  above  that of 
 the(cid:123)benchmark. 
A positive long-term total return, after in(cid:430) ation, for shareholders. 
In 2013, Witan shareholders enjoyed an NAV total return of  29.4%   and, owing to the 
narrowing of the discount, a shareholder total return of  36.7% . In(cid:430) ation was 2.0% in the 
year to December 2013. Returns over the longer term are set out on page  2 and indicate 
that this objective has also been met over the past 3 and 5 year periods.
Long-term investment outperformance by the individual managers relative to 
the relevant benchmark. 
In 2013, six of the seven managers who had been in place throughout the year 
outperformed their benchmarks. The portfolio of direct holdings managed by the CEO 
also(cid:123)outperformed, as well as the two new managers who had been in place for more than 
one month.The managers’ returns since appointment are set out in the table on page  12.
Further details are set out on pages 11-12.

Annual growth in the dividend 
per share ahead of the rate of 
in(cid:430) ation

In 2013, the dividend increased by 9.1%, compared with an in(cid:430) ation rate of 2.0% during 
the year.
Further details are set out on page 13.

A positive contribution to 
investment returns from the 
use(cid:123)of borrowings

The Company employed average gearing of  9%  during the year, which contributed 1. 9% 
to(cid:123)returns after taking account of the costs of borrowing.
Further details are set out on pages 13-14.

A discount to NAV of 10% or 
less  (compared with the NAV 
excluding income, with debt 
at(cid:123)market value)

A competitive level of ongoing 
charges,  balancing the need to 
pay for high quality investment 
management with the aim of 
keeping the costs of managing 
the business as low as possible

The discount on this basis averaged  8.3%  during 2013, ending the year at  6.1% , 
compared with 10.2% at the end of 2012.
Further details are set out on page 15.

In 2013, the ongoing charges (cid:428) gure was  0. 69%  excluding performance fees (2012: 0.69%) 
and  1.1 2%  including performance fees (2012: 0.97%). This increase on the previous year 
was driven by changes in  external manager fees,  due to the strong performance delivered 
in 2013. 
Further details are set out on page 1 6.

10

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

A breakdown of the performance attribution in 2013 (based on the Company’s 
(cid:428) nancial statements) is shown in the table below . 

Net asset value total return 

Benchmark total return

+29.4% Portfolio investment total return (gross)

+20.7% Benchmark total return

Relative investment performance

Gearing impact

E(cid:426)  ect of changed market value of debt
Share buy-backs

Borrowing costs

Operating costs and tax

+2.5%

+1.5%

+0.0%

-0.7%

-1.0%

+27.1%

+20.7%

+6.4%

+4.0%

+10.4%

-1.7%

+8.7%

Relative performance 

+8.7%

Performance summary and attribution
2013 was a notably positive year for equity investors, with 
above average returns from most equity markets. Witan 
achieved an NAV total return of  29.4% , which compares with 
 20.7%  from the composite equity benchmark the Company 
uses for comparison purposes and  20.8%  from the FTSE 
All-Share Index which is widely followed by UK investors. 
This(cid:123)strong performance was driven by outperformance 
by most of our appointed managers, in addition to the 
Company’s use of gearing which augmented the positive 
returns from the portfolio. Excluding the e(cid:426)  ect of the change 
in the market value of Witan’s quoted debt securities, the 
NAV total return was 27.8%, 7.1% ahead of the benchmark.

A breakdown of the performance attribution in 2013 (based 
on the Company’s (cid:428) nancial statements) is shown in the
table above. 

Combined Portfolio composition 
During the year the Company invested its assets with a view 
to spreading investment risk and in accordance with the 
investment policy set out      on the inside front cover. It has 
maintained a diversi(cid:428) ed portfolio in terms of stocks, sectors 
and geography. The portfolio has been actively managed by 
the investment managers, in accordance with their individual 
mandates, with overall asset allocation and risk being 
managed by Witan’s Executive team, within delegated limits 
from the Board. 

The sector breakdown and regional exposure for the 
aggregated portfolio is shown on page  25. The top 50 
holdings across the whole of Witan’s portfolios are set out on 
page  24. They represented 4 1.7% of Witan’s portfolio at
31 December 2013 (2012: 44.4%). These analyses highlight 
the substantial diversi(cid:428) cation provided by our range of 
managers and the global geographical exposure. However, it 
is also important that diversi(cid:428) cation does not unduly dilute 
returns, since the purpose of using active managers is to 
outperform, which requires the portfolio to di(cid:426)  er from the 
benchmark. The relative performance seen in recent years 
demonstrates that Witan’s aggregated portfolio retains an 
individual character distinct from the relevant indices.

Changes in delegated Investment 
Managers during 2013
The Company made (cid:428) ve changes to its manager structure 
during the year. This level of manager change is unusual 
for Witan, which takes a long-term view of investment 
performance and partnership with its investment managers. 
However, the changes outlined have resulted in a number of 
exciting additions to our list of managers and are expected to 
bene(cid:428) t future shareholder returns. 

In February, the Company appointed Matthews International 
Capital Management (“Matthews”) to manage a portfolio 
of Far Eastern equities, including Japan. The re(cid:430) ationary 
policy of the newly-elected government in Japan increased 
the possibility of economic recovery taking hold in the 
country after years of anaemic performance. Matthews, a 
San Francisco-based specialist investor in the region, was 
chosen to manage the Company’s specialist Asian portfolio, 
replacing Comgest which had previously managed a portfolio 
which did not include Japan.

In June, the Company appointed Heronbridge LLP to manage 
a portfolio of UK equities with an approach that seeks out 
soundly-(cid:428) nanced and well-managed companies with
above-average prospects for growth in intrinsic value. They 
replaced NewSmith Asset Management LLP.

In October, the remaining portfolio of UK Smaller Companies 
managed by Henderson Investors was sold. The manager 
had performed well since inception in 2004. However, the 
appointment of other UK managers in recent years, whose 
remit covered the whole market, meant that the need for a 
specialist manager to cover this section of the market had 
reduced. In addition, UK smaller and mid-sized companies 
had enjoyed a prolonged rise both in absolute terms and 
relative to the broader market. Accordingly, the Company 
wished to reduce its exposure in this area and the funds 
raised were used to reduce borrowings. 

Finally, in December, the Company appointed two new
value-oriented global managers, Pzena Investment 
Management and Tweedy, Browne Company LLC to manage 
the assets previously managed by Southeastern Asset 
Management and Thomas White International.

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

11

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Strategic report
Performance and principal developments in 2013 continued

Investment Manager Performance
Of the  seven managers in place throughout the year, six 
outperformed their benchmarks. Matthews (appointed in 
February) and Heronbridge (in June) also outperformed. For 
Pzena and Tweedy, Browne, appointed in December, it is too 
soon to comment. Particularly strong absolute and relative 
returns of over 35% were achieved by Artemis and Lindsell 
Train in the UK. MFS in Global Equities, Marathon in Europe 
and the portfolio of direct holdings achieved returns of close 
to 30%. The standout return was from Lansdowne who 
achieved a  total return of 49% in their (cid:428) rst year with Witan. 
Their proportion of Witan’s portfolio was added to during the 
year, increasing from  2.5%  to   8.8% . Trilogy’s performance, 
whilst lagging its benchmark, was held back by(cid:123)adverse 
investment conditions in emerging economies.

Directly held investments
This portfolio which held  10.3%  of assets at the end of 2012, 
outperformed Witan’s benchmark during 2013, with a return 
from the portfolio of   31% . The holding in 3i Group (Witan’s 
largest equity holding at the end of 2012) was a signi(cid:428) cant 

contributor, as a favourable investor response to new 
management combined with a more positive stock market 
environment to drive a major rerating for the stock. This 
position has been sold, with pro(cid:428) ts also taken in a number 
of other holdings in the direct portfolio. The portfolio 
represented 6. 3% of assets at the year end. The main 
investments were in listed private equity and related 
companies (Electra Private Equity, Princess Private Equity 
and(cid:123)NB Distressed Debt Investment Fund), UK domestic 
recovery (Aberforth Geared Income Trust), two specialist 
sector funds (Polar Capital Insurance  Fund and Ludgate 
Environmental Fund Limited) and the convertible bonds 
of(cid:123)Edinburgh Dragon Investment Trust.

Manager structure and performance 
The Company’s 11 external managers have a range of 
investment approaches and follow di(cid:426)  ering mandates 
set by the Company. Details of each manager’s mandate, 
benchmark, investment style and date of appointment are 
included in the Manager summaries on pages  21 to  23.

Performance  
for the year ended 31 December 2013 and  
from inception to 31 December 2013  

Investment Manager  

Artemis (UK)  

Heronbridge (UK)  

Lindsell Train (UK)  

Lansdowne (Global)  

MFS (Global)  

Pzena (Global)  

Tweedy, Browne (Global)  

Veritas (Global)  

Marathon (Pan-Europe)  

Matthews (Asia)  

Trilogy (Emerging Markets)  

Witan Direct Holdings  

Value of  
  Witan assets  
managed  

at 31.12.13  

% of Witan’s  
assets under   
£m   management   
at 31.12.13 
(Note 1) 

149.4  

104.7  

179.4  

130.8  

131.1  

141.3  

47.4  

176.7  

121.4  

133.7  

51.0  

92.4  

10.1 

7.1 

12.1 

8.8 

8.9 

9.5 

3.2 

11.9 

8.2 

9.0 

3. 5 

6. 3 

Performance  
in 2013  
(%)  

Benchmark  
Performance  
in 2013  
(%)  

Performance  
since  
 appointment  
to 31.12.13  
(%)  
(Note 2) 

Benchmark
Performance
since
appointment 
to 31.12.13
(%) 

35.7  

n/a  

38.9  

48.8  

27.7  

n/a 

n/a  

23.5  

29.1  

n/a 

(5.3)  

31.0  

20.8  

n/a 

20.8  

19.9  

21.0  

n/a  

n/a 

21.1  

23.1  

n/a 

(4.1)  

20.7  

12.9  

16.2  

23.3  

46.6  

12.5  

1.1  

0.9  

12.7  

13.0  

2.0  

(5.4)  

9.8  

6.1

9.6

12.9

18.5

9.3

1.0

1.0

9.9

10.6

(1.0)

(2.4)

8.3

Notes:
1. 
2.  The percentages are annualised where the inception date was before 2013.

Percentage of Witan’s investments managed, excluding the holdings in Polar Japan open -ended funds (£2 0.5m , 1.4% of assets)  and cash balances held centrally by Witan.

12

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
Dividend Policy and performance in 2013 
The Company’s policy, subject to circumstances, is to 
increase its dividend per share in real terms, ahead of the 
increase in UK Consumer Prices (CPI). 

For 2013, the Board has declared a fourth interim dividend of  
4.5  pence per share, to be paid to shareholders on 28 March 
2014, making a total distribution for the year of  14.4  pence 
(2012: 13.2 pence). This represents an increase of  9.1% , over 
7% ahead of the  2.0%  rate of consumer price in(cid:430) ation (CPI) in 
the year to December 2013. This is the 39th consecutive year 
that Witan has increased the dividend.

The chart below shows the growth in dividends over the past 
10 years. Our dividend per share has grown  ahead of the rise 
in the UK consumer price index in each year and cumulatively 
has grow n by 73%, more than twice the 31% rise in consumer 
prices.

 Since 2003, Witan’s dividend per share has risen 73% 
compared with +31% for the UK consumer price index

Witan dividend (pence per share) (left scale)
CPI Index (right scale)

16.0

14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

2003

2004

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Source: Datastream.

188.0

164.5

141.0

117.5

94.0

The Company commenced paying quarterly dividends 
in 2013. The (cid:428) rst three payments for 2014 (in June, 
September and December) will, in the absence of unforeseen 
circumstances, be paid at a rate of  3.6  pence per share (2013: 
3.3 pence), being one quarter of the full year payment for 
2013. The fourth payment (in March 2015) will be a balancing 
amount, re(cid:430) ecting the di(cid:426)  erence between the three 
quarterly dividends already paid and the payment decided for 
the full year.

Policy on gearing and the use 
of derivatives
Employment of Gearing 
Purpose
The purpose of using borrowings is to improve (or “gear”) 
returns for shareholders, by achieving investment returns 
higher than the interest cost of the borrowings. Accordingly, 
attention is paid to using a level of gearing appropriate for 
market conditions (put simply, having more borrowings when 
markets are attractively valued and borrowing less at times 
when returns are expected to be poorer). In addition, a
blend of long-term and short-term borrowings is used, to 
balance the certainty of cost associated with locking in
(cid:428) xed rates for longer periods with the (cid:430) exibility of using 
short-term facilities which can be readily repaid when they 
are not required. 

Limits
Although the Company has the legal power under its Articles 
of Association to borrow up to 100% of the adjusted total of 
shareholders’ funds, with the objective of enhancing returns, 
this is subject to practical constraints including a test of 
prudence. The Board’s longstanding policy is not to allow 
gearing (as de(cid:428) ned on page  3) to rise to more than 20%, 
other than temporarily in exceptional circumstances. Over 
the past (cid:428) ve years it has generally varied between 0% and 
15% and where appropriate the Company may hold a small 
net cash position. 

Structure
Witan has £110m of long -term debt, consisting of debenture, 
secured bond and preference share capital. The Company 
also has a £50 million one -year facility, providing additional 
(cid:430) exibility over the level of gearing, as well as enabling the 
Company to borrow in other currencies than sterling, if 
deemed appropriate. Witan may either invest its borrowings 
fully, or neutralise their e(cid:426)  ect with cash balances (or the 
sale of equity index futures) according to its assessment of 
the markets. The Company’s investment managers are not 
permitted to borrow within their portfolios but may hold cash 
if deemed appropriate.

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

13

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Strategic report
Performance and principal developments in 2013 continued

Action taken in 2013
Gearing was managed actively during the year. It was 
increased to 11% during the middle quarters of the year 
before being reduced in the autumn, ending the year at 7. 3%. 
Gearing signi(cid:428) cantly bene(cid:428) ted performance during the year, 
increasing the  Group’s exposure to the rise in markets. 

The calculation of gearing takes account of the nominal  value 
of any derivatives held, since this represents the size of the 
asset or liability to which the derivative provides exposure. 

At the end of 2012, the published gearing (cid:428) gure of 6.1% 
took account of a £29.7 million short position in the 10-year 
gilt future, equivalent to 2.7% of net assets. Gearing before 
accounting for this position was  8.8% . Gross gearing (adding 
together the value of all positions (less cash), irrespective of 
whether they were an asset or a liability) was  11.5%  at the 
end  of 2012.

At the end of 2013, gross gearing on the same basis was 
 7. 3% . This included a £35.2 million long position in Nikkei 
Index futures, equivalent to 2.6% of net assets. Further 
details of the accounting treatment for these positions are 
given in  note  1  on  page  67. 

Use of Derivatives 
Policy
Witan’s policy on the use of derivatives emphasises simplicity, 
transparency, cost e(cid:426)  ectiveness and the minimisation of 
counterparty risk. Where (cid:428) nancial instruments are available 
that help the Company to implement its investment policy 
(whether for the purpose of increasing exposure to a 
particular asset or for portfolio hedging) their use will be 
considered. In recent years,  exchange-traded index futures 
have been the only instruments used. These give exposure 
to a particular market(cid:123)index, are relatively liquid to trade 
and depend upon the creditworthiness of the particular 
exchange, not an  individual (cid:428) rm. 

The use of index futures enables Witan to adjust its gearing 
rapidly, conferring tactical (cid:430) exibility. It also provides a means 
of adjusting asset allocation (by allocating investment to 
particular markets). In both cases, the use of index futures 
enables the adjustments to be made without interfering with 
the assigned objectives for our investment managers, which 
are to pick stocks that will grow in value over the medium to 
long term and outperform their respective benchmarks.
The operation of this investment area is the responsibility 
of the CEO, within guidelines set by the Board. Transactions 
are reported to the Board as they occur, with the CEO being 
accountable for the (cid:428) nancial results. The Company’s external 
managers are not permitted to make use of derivatives or to 
gear their portfolios. 

Activity during 2013
At the end of 2012, the Company held a short position in 
the 10-year gilt futures, which was established inter alia 
to reduce the potential adverse portfolio impact from 
an expected rise in gilt yields. However, this position was 
gradually reduced and (cid:428) nally closed in April, when the 
improving prospects for global equity markets led to a 
decision to redeploy the capital employed to increase 
exposure to the Japanese equity market. Since April, the 
Company has held a position in the Nikkei  Index futures 
contract, equivalent to approximately 3% of net assets. 
This (cid:123)has given the Company additional exposure to the 
strongly-performing Japanese market at a time when 
its externally managed portfolios had relatively little 
Japanese (cid:123)exposure.

The underlying futures exposure varied between –2.7% 
(represented by a £29.7 million short position in the gilt 
future in January) and +4.0% of assets, (cid:428) nishing the year at 
+2.6% (represented by a £35 million position in Japanese 
equity index futures). The Company takes full account of the 
e(cid:426)  ect of the nominal value of the futures contracts when 
calculating its gearing. The value of the investments (which 
are traded on o(cid:431)  cial exchanges) is fully marked to market 
every day. The(cid:123)realised gain on index futures during the year 
is shown in the  cash  (cid:430) ow  statement on page  63.

14

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Market liquidity and Discount Policy 
Witan is a member of the FTSE 250 index, with a market 
capitalisation of over £1.2 billion. The Board places great 
importance on the encouragement of a liquid market in 
Witan’s shares on the  Stock  Exchange. The Company makes 
use of share buybacks, purchasing shares for cancellation 
when they stand at a signi(cid:428) cant discount to the NAV 
(excluding income, with debt at market value), with the 
objective of achieving a sustainable and improving discount 
of 10% or less (subject to market conditions). This policy 
has the direct e(cid:426)  ect of improving NAV per share with the 
additional strategic aims of mitigating volatility in the 
discount and bringing the share price closer to the NAV.

The discount has shown an improving trend in recent years, 
particularly during 2013, illustrated in the chart below.

Witan Investment Trust Discount Trend 

5 day average

3 month average

1 year average

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9

-10

-11

-12

-13

-14
Jan 2008

Jan 2009

Jan 2010

Jan 2011

Jan 2012

Jan 2013

Dec 2013

Source: Datastream.

In view of the substantial narrowing of the discount during 
2013, the Company is seeking shareholder approval to buy 
shares into Treasury, for possible reissue if the shares were 
to trade at a premium in the future. This would be more 
cost-e(cid:426)  ective for shareholders than cancelling shares at a 
discount and later issuing new shares at a premium.

 Additionally, the Company is seeking shareholder approval 
to issue shares, up to 10% of the starting total, provided that 
such shares are issued at or at a premium to net asset value.

Marketing 
Witan is a self-managed investment trust, so the purpose 
of “marketing” is to provide e(cid:426)  ective communication of 
developments at the Company to existing and potential 
shareholders to help sustain a liquid market in our shares. 
Clear communication of the Company’s investment objective 
and its success in executing its strategy make it easier 
for investors to decide how Witan (cid:428) ts in with their own 
investment objectives. Other things being equal, this should 
help the shares to trade at a narrower discount, from which 
all shareholders would clearly bene(cid:428) t. If the shares trade on a 
premium, this creates the possibility of increasing the size of 
the Company by issuing new shares, with bene(cid:428) ts in terms of 
greater liquidity as well as spreading costs over a larger base 
of shareholders’ funds.

In view of these potential bene(cid:428) ts, the Company has felt for 
many years that it is bene(cid:428) cial to incur the limited costs of 
operating a marketing programme in order to disseminate 
information about our investment strategy and performance 
more widely. This programme communicates with private and 
professional investors, (cid:428) nancial advisers and intermediaries 
using a range of media (including direct meetings, press 
interviews and advertising through traditional media and 
the internet). The Company also provides an informative and 
easy to use web site (www.witan.com) to enable investors to 
make informed decisions about including Witan shares in 
their investment portfolios. The web site includes a section 
focused on the requirements of Financial Advisers, which was 
set up following the introduction of the Retail Distribution 
Review in January 2013.

Costs
Investment Management Fees
Each of the external managers is entitled to a base 
management fee rate, levied on the assets under 
management,  and in some cases a performance fee, 
calculated according to investment performance relative 
to an appropriate benchmark. The agreements can be 
terminated on one month’s notice (except one, for which 
a 3 month notice period applies). One of the investment 
mandates is operated via a fund vehicle, to simplify custody 
arrangements in emerging economies. 

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

15

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Strategic report
Performance and principal developments in 2013 continued

The base management fee rates for managers in place at 
the end of 2013 range from 0.2% to 0.8 % per annum and 
the performance fees range from nil to 20 per cent of the 
relevant outperformance. The average base management 
fee, weighted according to the value of the funds under 
management, was 0.47% as at 31 December 2013 ( 2012: 
0.35%). On a similar basis, the average performance fee is 
6% of the outperformance of the relevant benchmark (2012: 
11%), subject to capping of payments for any particular 
year. The average base fee has risen, while the average 
performance fee across the portfolio has fallen. This is due to 
a rise (from  31%  to  57% ) in the proportion of assets managed 
without performance fee arrangements. 

As an illustration, if our managers uniformly outperformed 
their benchmarks by 3% after base management fees, 
this would generate a performance fee of 0.19% of net 
assets, giving total investment management fees of 0.66% 
(including a 0.47% base fee). The comparable estimate in 
2012 was 0.69% (including a 0.3 5% base fee). The actual 
fees payable will of course vary according to the level of 
performance and the variation in performance between 
managers with higher or lower fees.

Witan takes care to ensure the competitiveness of the fee 
rates it pays and that where higher fees are incurred they 
are linked to good performance, from which shareholders 
bene(cid:428) t. A majority of the managers have base fees alone 
(without performance fees) and a majority of the fee 
structures incorporate a “taper” whereby the rate reduces for 
larger portfolios.

The Company’s external investment managers may use 
certain services which are paid for, or provided by, various 
brokers. In return, they may place business, including 
transactions relating to the Company, with those brokers.

Ongoing Charges and costs 
The ongoing charges (cid:428) gure  (“OCF” ) (which is the recurring 
operating and investment management costs of the 
Company, expressed as a percentage of average net assets) 
was  0. 69%  in 2013,  the same as in 2012 (0.69%). The higher 
average level of net assets (allowing (cid:428) xed costs to be spread 
over a larger base) was o(cid:426)  set by an increase in the average 

investment management fee  payable to our external 
managers, following changes in the managers used. When 
performance fees due to the relevant external managers are 
included, the OCF was  1.1 2%  in 2013 (2012: 0.97%), re(cid:430) ecting 
a very strong year in performance terms. This compares with 
the average OCF of  1.69%  in the IMA Flexible Investment 
equity funds sector (source: IMA, Financial Express as at 
December 2013) and  0.77% (0.83% including performance 
fees)  for the AIC Global Growth sector  (source: AIC, as at 
31 December 2013). 

The Company exercises strict scrutiny and control over costs. 
As a self-managed investment trust, any negotiated savings 
in investment management or other fees directly reduce the 
costs for shareholders. Whilst this will not always generate 
the lowest absolute costs, the Board believes that it is in 
shareholders’ interests to pay for managers who add value. 
The Board believes that the increase in the OCF during the 
year represented good value for money for shareholders, 
given the signi(cid:428) cantly increased level of outperformance 
generated by the portfolio in 2013.

There is continuing debate over the most appropriate 
measure of investment company costs, to enable investors 
to assess value for money and to make comparisons between 
funds. In recent years, the Total Expense Ratio (TER) was 
overtaken by the Ongoing Charges Figures (OCF) and there is 
discussion in the fund sector about whether further changes 
should be made, for example to distil all costs into a single 
Cost of Ownership Figure for Investors . Consensus on how 
to present a single (cid:428) gure remains elusive at present, partly 
because of concerns that oversimpli(cid:428) cation might distort 
comparisons rather than facilitating them.

In the meantime, the Company will continue to focus on 
the OCF (which is prepared in accordance with the AIC’s 
recommended methodology) as a readily-understood 
measure of the underlying expenses of running the business. 
This year, Witan has decided to present the information 
on costs, previously given in di(cid:426)  erent parts of the Annual 
Report, in a single table on page  17. This indicates the main 
cost heading in money terms and as a percentage of net 
assets. The (cid:428) gures for relative NAV total return performance 
are also included, for comparison purposes.

16

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Corporate and operational structure

Category of cost 

Other Expenses (excluding investment management expenses) 
(see note 5 on page  6 9)

Less other non-recurring expenses and those relating to the 
subsidiary (whose expenses do not relate to the operation 
of the investment company).

Investment management base fees  (see note 4, page  68)

Ongoing Charges Figure (including investment managers base fees)

Investment managers performance fees  (see note 4, page  68)

Ongoing charges (including performance fees)

Portfolio transaction costs*

Relative out performance during the year (valuing debt at par value)

2013
£m

 5.32

2013
% of net 
assets

 0.42

2012
£m

4.87

2012
% of net 
assets

0.47

 (1.16)

 (0.09)

(1.15)

(0.11)

 4.58

 8.74

 5.49

 14.23

 1.89

 0.36

 0.69

0.43

 1.1 2 

0. 16

+ 7.1% 

3.38

7.10

2.93

10.03

1.2 3

0.33

0.69

0.28

0.97

0.12

 +2.0% 

* excludes  non-recurring portfolio transition costs of £ 0. 9m arising from the manager changes (2012: £0.04m).

Priorities for the year ahead 
In 2014, the key priorities for Witan include:
>   Investment. Seek to build on the strong returns 
achieved(cid:123)for shareholders in 2013, setting an 
appropriate strategic asset allocation to re(cid:430) ect 
changing(cid:123)opportunities in the world economy. Make 
use(cid:123)of a range of active managers to deliver our 
strategic(cid:123)objectives through a multi-manager structure. 
Continue to deliver dividend growth ahead of in(cid:430) ation.

>   Communication. Communicate Witan’s distinct and 
active investment approach and achievements more 
e(cid:426)  ectively to existing and potential shareholders. In 
particular increase the focus on improving information 
for personal investors and (cid:428) nancial advisers, where 
direct(cid:123)meetings are less practicable.

>   Regulatory change. Complete the process 

of authorisation under the AIFMD. 

Corporate and operational structure

As described earlier (page  8) Witan is an Investment Trust 
with a Premium Listing on the London Stock Exchange. It
has a single, wholly owned, subsidiary, Witan Investment 
Services Limited (‘WIS’). 

Operational Management Arrangements 
In addition to the appointment of external investment 
managers, Witan contracts with third parties for the 
supporting services it requires, including: 
>   BNP Paribas Securities Services SA (‘BNPSS’) for global 
custody, investment accounting and administration.
>   Frostrow Capital LLP for company secretarial services. 
>   International Financial Data Services (‘IFDS’) Ltd. as the 
savings plan administrators of Witan Wisdom and
Jump Savings.

>   Client service. Provide  excellent service to the corporate 
and individual clients of Witan Investment Services.

>   Specialist advisers are also used for media relations, 
advertising and investment manager research.

>   The Company also takes specialist advice on regulatory 
compliance issues and, as required, procures legal, 
investment consulting, (cid:428) nancial and tax advice.

As with investment management, the contracts governing 
the provision of these services are formulated with legal 
advice and stipulate clear objectives and guidelines for the 
level of service required.

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

17

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Strategic report
Corporate and operational structure continued

Premises and sta(cid:431)  ng
Since November 2005 the Company has had a lease on o(cid:431)  ce 
premises at 14 Queen Anne’s Gate, London SW1H 9AA, which 
is also the Company’s registered o(cid:431)  ce.

The Company’s policy towards its employees is to attract and 
retain sta(cid:426)   with the particular skills and expertise required 
to manage the a(cid:426)  airs of an investment trust company. 
Details of the Company’s remuneration policies and required 
disclosures are set out in the Directors’ Remuneration Report 
on page  44. Employees and those who seek to work within 
the Group are treated equally regardless of sex, marital 
status, creed, colour, race or ethnic origin. The Company has 
six direct employees, four men and two women. The Board 
currently consists of seven non-executive Directors ((cid:428) ve men 
and two women) and the Chief Executive O(cid:431)  cer, Andrew 
Bell, who is an employee. Given its outsourced model and 
small number of direct employees, the Group has no speci(cid:428) c 
policies in respect of environmental or social and community 
a(cid:426)  airs .

Witan Investment Services (‘WIS’) 
Witan Investment Services Limited is a wholly owned 
subsidiary of Witan Investment Trust plc. It was established 
in March 2005 to provide investment savings accounts 
and marketing services and to give investment advice to 
professional investors. It is authorised and regulated by the 
Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).

The principal activities of WIS have historically been to 
provide executive management services to the Boards 
of Witan Investment Trust plc (‘Witan’) and Witan Paci(cid:428) c 
Investment Trust plc (‘Witan Paci(cid:428) c’), to communicate 
information about the Companies to the market to increase 
investor interest in their shares and to operate cost-e(cid:426)  ective 
savings plans for investors to hold the shares. From 2014, as 
already noted, it is also expected to become the AIFM
for Witan. 

WIS’s operational objectives are:

>   to provide a reliable and e(cid:431)  cient investment savings 

platform for Witan and Witan Paci(cid:428) c investors
>   to provide suitable advice to the Boards of its

corporate clients

>   to reduce the net operating costs for Witan

Investment Trust

18

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

>   to seek appropriate business opportunities which can add 

value for shareholders

>   (from 2014) to provide an appropriate system of 

investment and risk management to ful(cid:428) l its obligations 
as Witan’s AIFM under the AIFMD.

WIS has two principal sources of income. These are savings 
plan revenues and the executive management and marketing 
fees paid by its corporate clients, Witan and Witan Paci(cid:428) c. 
The main costs incurred by WIS are fees to the savings 
schemes administrator (IFDS), sta(cid:426)   costs to provide the 
services described above and professional advice to
ensure that its regulatory and accounting obligations are 
properly satis(cid:428) ed.

The savings plans provided for WIS clients are marketed 
under the Witan Wisdom and Jump Savings brands. They 
currently have over  2 4,000   accounts with assets of some 
 £ 280  million invested. During 2013, the account fees paid 
by investors for Witan Wisdom accounts were reviewed, to 
ensure an equitable balance between administration fees 
and transaction costs and to re(cid:430) ect changes in the savings 
market. Details have been sent to account holders, with the 
changes taking e(cid:426)  ect from April 2014. 

 Principal risks and uncertainties
Risks are inherent in investment and corporate management 
but it is important that their nature and magnitude is 
understood, in order that risks, particularly those which the 
Company does not wish to take, can be identi(cid:428) ed and either 
avoided or controlled. The Company (and its subsidiary 
WIS) has established a detailed framework of the key 
risks impinging on the business (principally investment, 
operational, (cid:428) nancial and regulatory), with associated 
policies and processes devised to mitigate or manage 
those risks. This Risk Map is reviewed regularly by the Audit 
Committee and the Board and updated as necessary. Under 
the AIFMD taking e(cid:426)  ect from July 2014, additional rules are 
being introduced regarding the monitoring and management 
of business risks. The Company expects to establish a Risk 
Committee within WIS in order to comply with the risk 
management and reporting obligations of the AIFMD. The 
guiding principles already in place (watchfulness, proper 
analysis, prudence and a clear system of risk management) 
will remain the same.

The Group’s key risks fall broadly under the following 
categories:

Market and investment portfolio risks 
Witan is set up to invest in UK and overseas equity markets 
on behalf of its shareholders. Equity exposure is unlikely to 
drop below 80%, in normal conditions. Therefore a key risk 
of investing in Witan is a general fall in equity prices. Other 
risks, as with any international equity portfolio, are the 
overall investment portfolio’s exposure to country, currency, 
industrial sector, and stock speci(cid:428) c risks. There are also risks 
associated with the performance of its investment managers.

The Board seeks to manage these risks through:
>   appropriate asset allocation decisions, with a broadly 

diversi(cid:428) ed equity benchmark

>    regular reviews of the competence of our fund managers
>    monitoring the global economic, geo-political and stock 

market outlook 

>    the application of relevant policies on gearing and 

liquidity

>    manager diversi(cid:428) cation 
>   delegating authority to the executive management team 
to manage risk actively, whether to preserve capital or 
capitalise on opportunities.

During the year Witan’s Chief Executive O(cid:431)  cer (CEO), 
Andrew Bell, managed the overall business and the 
investment portfolio in accordance with limits and 
restrictions determined by the Board. The Board regularly 
reviews the matters delegated to Executive management, 
on which the CEO reports at each Board meeting. The Board 
also regularly reviews investment strategy and performance, 
supported by comprehensive management information 
including investment performance data and (cid:428) nancial reports.

Operational
Many of the Group’s (cid:428) nancial systems are outsourced to third 
parties, principally BNPSS. Disruption to the accounting, 
payment systems or custody records operated by BNPSS 
could prevent the accurate reporting and monitoring of 
the Company’s (cid:428) nancial position. Details of how the Board 
monitors the services provided by its suppliers, and the key 
elements designed to provide e(cid:426)  ective internal control, are 
explained further in the Corporate Governance Statement.

Corporate governance
 The Board takes its own regulatory responsibilities very 
seriously and regularly reviews the main points of compliance 
against requirements. 

Details of the Company’s compliance with corporate 
governance best practice are set out in the Corporate 
Governance Statement on pages  32 to 41. The Board 
conducts an annual internal assessment of the e(cid:426)  ectiveness 
of its governance processes in managing the Company and 
enabling it to evolve in response to future challenges. There is 
also a 3-yearly independent external review, the most recent 
of which was conducted in late 2013. See page 36 for further 
details.

Operational and regulatory risks are regularly and extensively 
reviewed by Witan’s Audit Committee. WIS is subject to its 
own operating rules and regulations and is regulated by 
the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”). From 2014, WIS is 
expected to become the AIFM for Witan, which will entail it 
becoming more closely involved in a wide range of Witan’s 
operations. Ahead of this development, Witan and WIS are in 
the process of adapting the internal governance structure for 
review of the relevant risks and control framework. 

Operationally the multi-manager structure is robust, as 
the investment managers, the custodian and the fund 
accountants keep their own records which are regularly 
reconciled. Management monitors the activities of all third 
parties and reports any signi(cid:428) cant issues to the Board. 

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

19

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Strategic report
Corporate and operational structure continued

Accounting, legal and regulatory
In order to qualify as an investment trust the Company must 
comply with sections 1158-59 of the Corporation
Tax Act 2010 (‘CTA’). A breach of these sections could
result in the Company losing investment trust status and,
as a consequence, capital gains realised within the 
Company’s portfolio would be subject to Corporation Tax. 
The criteria are monitored by the CEO and reviewed at each 
 Board meeting. The Company also carefully and regularly 
monitors compliance with the accounting rules a(cid:426)  ecting 
investment trusts. 

The Company is required to comply with the provisions of the 
Companies Act 2006 (‘Companies Act’), and the Company 
must also comply with the UK Listing Authority’s Listing 
Rules and Disclosure Rules (‘UKLA Rules’). A breach of the 
Companies Act could result in the Company and/or the 
directors being (cid:428) ned or becoming the subject of criminal 
proceedings. Breach of the UKLA Rules could result in the 
suspension of the Company’s shares which would in turn lead 
to a breach of the provisions of the CTA.

 These legal and regulatory requirements o(cid:426)  er signi(cid:428) cant 
protection for shareholders. The Board relies on the CEO, the 
Company Secretary and the Group’s professional advisers to 
ensure compliance with all applicable rules. WIS is regulated 
by the Financial Conduct Authority for the marketing 
and administration of savings plans and the provision of 
investment advice to professional clients. It will also assume 
additional responsibilities as the AIFM for Witan in 2014.

As noted in the Chairman’s and Chief Executive’s Statement, 
the Alternative Investment Fund Manager Directive became 
law in the UK in July 2013. The Company is reviewing its 
systems and procedures to ensure that it will be fully 
compliant with the Directive ahead of the deadline of 
July (cid:123)2014. It remains the Company’s policy to meet best 
practice in complying with all(cid:123)applicable regulations.

Going  concern
The assets of the Company consist mainly of securities that 
are readily realisable and, accordingly, the Company has 
adequate financial resources to continue in operational 
existence for the foreseeable future. Therefore, the directors 
believe that it is appropriate to continue to adopt the going 
concern basis in preparing the financial statements. In 
reviewing the position as at the date of this report, the Board 
has considered the guidance on this matter issued by the 
Financial Reporting Council. (See also note  16 on page  64).

Approval
This report was approved by the Board of Directors on 
  11 March 2014 and is signed on its behalf by:

Harry Henderson 
Chairman 
  11 March 2014

Andrew Bell 
Chief Executive

20

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Investment managers

Artemis Investment Management – UK
Established in 1997, Artemis Investment Management Limited 
manages over £17.3bn (as at 31.12.13) on behalf of a range of retail and 
institutional clients. Witan’s portfolio is a segregated mirror of Derek 
Stuart’s £1.9bn UK Special Situations Strategy launched in 2001 – a 
contrarian fund that aims to outperform the FTSE All-Share Index by 3% 
per annum. This approach seeks to exploit market ine(cid:431)  ciencies, with an 
absolute return mindset, in order to generate maximum returns. It is a 
stock-picking strategy that aims to achieve long-term capital growth by 
focusing on stocks that are out of favour and have turnaround potential.

Equity Mandate

Benchmark

Investment style

Inception date

UK

FTSE All-Share

Recovery/special 
situations

06.05.08

Heronbridge Investment Management LLP
Heronbridge is a long-only, value-biased equity investment 
management boutique. Founded in November 2005, it is a small, 
focused, independent (cid:428) rm, controlled by its working partners who 
were previously with Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, Silchester 
International Investors and Goldman Sachs Asset Management. 
Heronbridge currently manage £1.3bn (as at 31.12.13) for institutional 
and charity clients in the UK, the US and elsewhere. In order to maximise 
the alignment of interests, the (cid:428) rm’s partners have a considerable 
proportion of their own assets co-invested alongside those of clients.

Equity Mandate

Benchmark

Investment style

Inception date

UK

FTSE All-Share

Intrinsic value 
growth

17.06.13

Lindsell Train – UK
Lindsell Train was established in 2000 by Michael Lindsell and Nick 
Train and focuses on the management of UK, Global and Japanese 
equity mandates for institutional clients. The business was founded 
on the shared investment philosophy that developed while Michael 
and Nick worked together during the early 1990s and which underlies 
the business today. The “purpose” of Lindsell Train is to provide a 
professional working environment that enables the (cid:428) rm to achieve 
strong investment results for their clients. Lindsell Train think it 
important to maintain a small and simple organisational structure that 
avoids the bureaucracy and distractions experienced within some larger, 
more complex investment management businesses. The structure 
is designed to allow the investment professionals to concentrate on 
investment issues and to give them the freedom to invest in line with 
their investment principles, which they believe will maximise returns to 
their investors over the longer term. The business has grown steadily 
and assets under management total £3.4bn (as at 31.12.13). Lindsell 
Train continues to be majority owned by the two founders. This is 
important because it ensures they maintain the integrity of the business 
principles on which the (cid:428) rm was founded.

Equity Mandate
UK

Benchmark
FTSE All-Share

Investment style
Long-term growth 
from undervalued 
brands

Inception date
01.09.10

Lansdowne Partners Limited
Lansdowne Partners Limited Partnership, acting through its general 
partner Lansdowne Partners Limited (“Lansdowne Partners”) was 
founded in 1998. Lansdowne Partners manages assets for a diversi(cid:428) ed 
client base that includes some of the world’s largest and most 
sophisticated investors. Assets under management are £10.5bn (as at 
31.12.13) across three distinct Equity investment strategies; European, 
Developed Markets and Global Financials, each with its own dedicated 
team of portfolio managers and analysts, Lansdowne Partners employs 
93 people in its London o(cid:431)  ce. The investment philosophy is predicated 
on generating consistent, absolute risk adjusted returns, through the 
use of exceptional investment talent within a leading-edge operational 
infrastructure. Central to Lansdowne Partners’ investment philosophy 
is a rigorous process of fundamental research. The Developed Markets 
Strategy is run by Co-Heads Peter Davies and Stuart Roden, who 
have been with Lansdowne since 2001. The Developed Markets Long 
Only Strategy leverages the fundamental stock analysis of the team, 
investing predominantly in mega-cap companies (+$10bn market cap) 
in developed markets.

Equity Mandate

Benchmark

Investment style

Inception date

Global

DJ Global Titans

14.12.12

Concentrated, 
benchmark-
independent 
investment in 
developed markets

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

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Strategic report
Investment managers continued

MFS Investment Management
MFS is a global investment (cid:428) rm managing £248.9bn (as at 31.12.13) 
of equity and (cid:428) xed income assets for investors worldwide. Founded in 
1924, MFS established one of the industry’s (cid:428) rst in-house fundamental 
research departments in 1932. Today, MFS o(cid:426)  ers a broad range of 
investment styles that combine both fundamental and quantitative 
research and portfolio management. Their investment philosophy 
has remained consistent: to identify opportunities on behalf of 
clients through the application of global research and bottom-up 
security selection. MFS’ culture is investment driven, client centred, 
and collaborative. To underscore their values of collaboration and 
accountability, they structure ownership and compensation to 
reward long-term investment performance and teamwork. Up to 22% 
ownership of MFS is available to key MFS contributors. Their majority 
shareholder since 1982 has been Sun Life of Canada (U.S.) Financial 
Services Holdings, Inc.

Tweedy, Browne Company LLC
Tweedy, Browne Company LLC is principally engaged in the 
management of international, global and global high dividend equity 
portfolios for institutional and individual clients. Since the (cid:428) rm was 
founded in 1920 as Tweedy & Co., a dealer in closely held and inactively 
traded securities, they have pursued a value oriented approach to 
securities, (cid:428) rst as a market maker, and later, as an investor and manager. 
Their investment principles are based upon the broad concepts of 
“intrinsic value” and “margin of safety” as conceived and practiced 
by the late Benjamin Graham. For more than ninety years, through 
depressions, recessions, and stock market cycles, through a quadrupling 
of interest rates and the advent of double digit in(cid:430) ation, and through 
the emergence and disappearance of numerous investment fads, they 
have adhered to the same value oriented principles of analysis and 
investment. The consistency of their results over many decades has 
con(cid:428) rmed their con(cid:428) dence in this approach. As at 31 December 2013, 
Tweedy Browne had £12.2bn of assets under management.

Equity Mandate

Benchmark

Investment style

Inception date

Global

FTSE All-World

Growth at an 
attractive price

30.09.04

Equity Mandate

Benchmark

Investment style

Inception date

Global

FTSE All-World

Fundamental value 02.12.13

Pzena Investment Management 
Pzena Investment Management, an independent registered investment 
management (cid:428) rm, began managing assets in 1996. Pzena employs a 
classic value investment approach and manages U.S., non-U.S. and 
global portfolios with a goal of long-term alpha generation. As of
31 December 2013, Pzena managed approximately £16.1bn in assets 
for leading endowments, foundations, pension plans and individual 
investors. The team comprises 71 employees; the (cid:428) rm is based in New 
York City, and has a representative o(cid:431)  ce for Business Development 
and(cid:123)Client Services in Melbourne, Australia.

Equity Mandate

Benchmark

Investment style

Inception date

Global

FTSE All-World

Systematic value

02.12.13

Veritas Asset Management 
Veritas is an independent investment company, managing £10.0bn 
(as(cid:123)at 31.12.13) of assets, with the key objective of delivering
long-term real returns to its clients. Veritas aligns its interest with 
clients’ objectives and is committed to partnership. Veritas manages 
both segregated portfolios and funds, with either long-only or
long-short real return mandates. Their clients include institutions, 
charities, trusts and private clients. The Real Return Group Limited was 
set up in 2003 as a boutique focused on real return investing. The Real 
Return Group Limited and Veritas Asset Management (UK) Limited 
merged in 2004. In 2013 Veritas Asset Management (UK) Limited 
completed a corporate reorganisation and Veritas Asset Management 
LLP was formed as a regulated fund management boutique running 
Global and Asian Equity mandates. Veritas Asset Management LLP is 
the(cid:123)UK operating company of the Veritas Asset Partners Limited group, 
of which Veritas Asset Management (Asia) Limited in Hong Kong is also 
a subsidiary. The Real Return Group is 100% owned by management 
and(cid:123)employees and operates as a partnership.

Equity Mandate

Benchmark

Investment style

Inception date

Global

FTSE All-World

Fundamental 
value, real return 
objective

11.11.10

22

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Marathon Asset Management
Marathon Asset Management was founded in 1986 and is 
totally independent, managing some £31.0bn (as at 31.12.13) of 
institutional client assets. At the heart of Marathon’s investment 
philosophy is the ‘capital cycle’ approach to investment. This is 
based on the idea that the prospect of high returns will attract 
excessive capital (and hence competition), and vice versa. In 
addition, the assessment of management and how they respond 
to incentives and the forces of the capital cycle is critical to the 
investment outcome. The investment philosophy is intrinsically 
contrarian. Given the long-term nature of the capital cycle, 
Marathon’s investment ideas generally require patience and, 
by(cid:123)industry standards, long stock holding periods.

Equity Mandate

Benchmark

Investment style

Inception date

Pan- European

FTSE All-World 
Developed Europe

Capital cycles

23.07.10

Trilogy Global Advisors
Trilogy Global Advisors is a long-only specialist equity investment 
boutique managing global developed and global emerging 
market portfolios for institutional pension schemes. Founded in 
1999, it is wholly independent with all the equity owned by the 
principal partners, other sta(cid:426)   and non-executive directors. It has 
two investment o(cid:431)  ces in New York and Orlando, Florida, and a 
marketing and client service o(cid:431)  ce in London. Total assets under 
management comprise £9.0bn (as at 31.12.13) with approximately 
a third represented by UK pension fund clients and around a half 
of(cid:123)total assets managed in dedicated global emerging market 
equity(cid:123)portfolios.

Equity Mandate

Benchmark

Investment style

Inception date

Emerging Markets MSCI Emerging 

Markets

Fundamental, 
growth orientated

09.12.10

Matthews International Capital Management (Matthews Asia)
Matthews Asia, an independent, privately owned (cid:428) rm based in San 
Francisco, is the largest dedicated Asia only investment specialist 
in the U.S. Matthews has £15.6bn (as at 31.12.13) in assets under 
management, including an Asia Dividend portfolio managed for 
Witan Paci(cid:428) c Investment Trust since April 2012. Matthews Asia 
employs a fundamental, bottom-up investment process that seeks 
to identify companies with sustainable long-term growth prospects, 
strong business models, quality management teams and reasonable 
valuations. Matthews Asia will seek to invest its portion of the Trust 
in companies that are paying high dividends relative to their current 
share price, or are well positioned to do so in the future.

Equity Mandate

Benchmark

Investment style

Inception date

Asia Paci(cid:428) c 
(including Japan)

MSCI Asia 
Paci(cid:428) c Free

Quality companies 
with dividend 
growth

 22.02.13

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

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Fifty largest equity investments 
at 31 December 2013 (unaudited)

Company

1 Reed Elsevier

2 Diageo

3 Electra Private Equity*

4 BP

5 Daily Mail & General

6 London Stock Exchange

7 Google

8 Unilever

9 Pearson

10 Princess Private Equity

11 Sage

12 GlaxoSmithKline

13 Vodafone Group

14 Schroders

15 Aberforth Geared Income

16 NB Distressed Debt

17 JP Morgan Chase

18 Wells Fargo

19 Lloyds Banking

20 Burberry

21 Edinburgh Dragon 3.5% Conv Bond

22 Rathbone Brothers

23 Capita

24 Microsoft

25 Amazon

Top 25

26 Comcast

27 Oracle

28 Nike

29 BT

30 Reckitt Benckiser

31 Greene King

32 Roche Holdings

33 Imperial Tobacco

34 Lockheed Martin

35 Walt Disney

36 Delta Air Lines

37 Qualcomm

38 Fidessa

39 Barclays Bank

40 Euromoney

41 Unitedhealth

42 Colgate-Palmolive

43 Orix

44 Ses

45 MTN

46 International Consolidated Airline

47 Citigroup

48 Hays

49 Safran

50 Hargreaves Lansdown

Top 50

Market value of
holding £ million

% of portfolio

Country

28.3

24.8

23.5

22.4

21.7

19.2

18.8

18.5

17.8

17.0

16.4

16.3

15.2

15.2

14.7

13.7

12.9

11.8

11.7

11.4

11.3

11.2

11.1

10.7

10.5

406.1

10.5

10.0

10.0

9.8

9.0

9.0

9.0

8.3

8.3

8.2

8.2

7.5

7.3

7.3

7.0

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.3

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.8

5.8

 1.96

 1.73

 1.63

 1.56 

 1.5 1 

 1.34

 1.31

 1.29

 1.24

 1.19

 1.14

 1.14

 1.06

 1.05

 1.01

 0.95

 0.90

 0.82

 0.82

 0.79

 0.78

 0.78

 0.77

 0.75

 0.73

 28.25

 0.73

 0.70

 0.69 

 0. 68  

 0.6 3 

 0.6 3 

 0.6 3 

 0.5 8 

 0.5 7 

 0.5 7 

 0.5 7 

 0.5 2 

 0.5 1 

 0.5 1 

 0. 49 

 0.4 7 

 0.4 7 

 0.4 6 

 0.4 6 

 0.4 4 

 0.4 4 

 0.4 2 

 0.4 2 

 0.4 1 

 0.4 0 

598.5

 4 1.65  

Sector

Media

Beverages

Equity Investment Instruments

Oil & Gas Producers

Media

Financial Services

Software & Computer Services

Food Producers

Media

Equity Investment Instruments

Software & Computer Services

Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology

Mobile Telecommunications

Financial Services

Equity Investment Instruments

Equity Investment Instruments

Banks

Banks

Banks

Personal Goods

Equity Investment Instruments

Financial Services

Support Services

Software & Computer Services

General Retailers

Media

Software & Computer Services

Personal Goods

Fixed Line Telecommunications

Household Goods & Home Construction

Travel & Leisure

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

USA

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

USA

USA

USA

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

USA

USA

USA

USA

USA

UK

UK

UK

Switzerland

Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology

UK

USA

USA

USA

USA

UK

UK

UK

USA

USA

Japan

Luxembourg

South Africa

UK

USA

UK

France

UK

Tobacco

Aerospace & Defence

Media

Travel & Leisure

Technology Hardware & Equipment

Software & Computer Services

Banks

Media

Health Care Equipment & Services

Personal Goods

Financial Services

Media

Mobile Telecommunications

Travel & Leisure

Banks

Support Services

Aerospace & Defence

Financial Services

The top 10 holdings represent 14. 8% of the total portfolio (2012: 17. 8%).
The full portfolio is not listed because it contains over 4 00 companies. The above listing is of the largest individual equity investments and as such excludes a collective 
investment used to invest in Emerging Markets (which is valued at £51.0 million), a specialist insurance fund ( valued at £8.5 million),  Japan  equity  funds valued at 
£20.5 million and an exchange traded FTSE All- World fund (which is valued at £36.1 million).
*Includes convertible bonds valued at £ 4.3 million.

24

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Classi(cid:428) cation of investments 
at 31 December 2013 (unaudited)

Basic Materials

Chemicals

Notes

Industrial Metals & Mining

Mining

Consumer Goods

Automobiles & Parts

Beverages

Food Producers

Household Goods & Home Construction

Leisure Goods

Personal Goods

Tobacco

Consumer Services

Food & Drug Retailers

General Retailers

Media

Travel & Leisure

Financials

Banks

Equity Investment Instruments

Financial Services

Life Insurance

Nonlife Insurance

Real Estate Investment Services

Real Estate Investment Trusts

Health Care

Health Care Equipment & Services

Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology

Industrials

Aerospace & Defence

Construction & Materials

Electronic & Electrical Equipment

General Industrials

Industrial Engineering

Industrial Transportation

Support Services

Oil & Gas

Alternative Energy

Oil & Gas Producers

Oil Equipment Services & Distribution

Technology

Software & Computer Services

Technology Hardware & Equipment

Telecommunications

Fixed Line Telecommunications

Mobile Telecommunications

Utilities

Electricity

Gas, Water & Multiutilities

Open-Ended Funds (see note 3)

Totals 2013

Totals 2012

United 
Kingdom
%

Continental
Europe
%

North
America
%

Asia Paci(cid:428) c
(ex Japan)
%

–

–

0.4

0.4

–

1.9

1.4

0.8

–

0.8

0.9

5.8

0.5

0.3

5.8

2.9

9.5

1.9

4.8

4.7

0.9

0.2

0.2

–

12.7

0.3

1.5

1.8

0.5

0.1

0.8

0.4

0.2

0.2

3.7

5.9

–

2.4

0.1

2.5

2.7

0.2

2.9

0.7

1.2

1.9

0.2

–

0.2

0.3

1.0

0.1

0.3

1.4

0.5

0.6

0.5

–

–

0.6

0.1

2.3

–

–

1.0

0.2

1.2

1.3

–

0.2

0.2

0.4

–

–

2.1

0.7

1.1

1.8

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.1

0.5

2.7

0.1

1.0

0.1

1.2

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.9

43.9

46.7

14.8

16.5

0.2

–

–

0.2

–

0.1

–

0.1

–

1.2

–

1.4

0.7

1.8

2.3

0.9

5.7

2.3

1.0

1.4

0.1

0.4

–

–

5.2

2.3

0.6

2.9

0.8

–

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.6

2.5

–

0.2

0.7

0.9

2.9

1.0

3.9

–

–

–

0.1

–

0.1

1.6

24.4

19.5

0.2

–

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.6

0.2

2.1

–

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.4

0.5

–

0.2

–

–

0.1

0.3

1.1

0.9

–

0.9

0.2

–

0.3

0.1

0.3

0.2

–

1.1

–

–

0.2

0.2

–

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.5

0.8

–

0.2

0.2

2.3

9.6

11.4

Japan
%

0.1

–

–

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

–

–

0.2

0.3

1.1

0.1

–

–

–

0.1

0.1

–

0.4

–

0.1

–

–

0.6

0.1

0.1

0.2

–

–

0.3

–

–

–

0.4

0.7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.3

0.3

–

–

–

1.6

4.7

1.1

Latin
America
%

Other
%

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.2

0.1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Total
2013
%

1.5

0.1

0.9

2.5

1.3

3.1

2.3

1.0

0.1

3.4

1.5

12.7

1.3

2.2

9.3

4.1

16.9

6.4

5.8

6.9

1.2

1.1

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.1

22.0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.3

0.3

0.7

1.2

2.3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.2

–

–

0.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.4

0.4

–

–

–

0.7

1.4

2.5

4.3

3.3

7.6

2.0

0.5

2.1

1.3

1.2

0.8

5.2

13.1

0.1

3.6

1.1

4.8

5.8

1.5

7.3

1.2

2.8

4.0

0.4

0.6

1.0

8.1

100.0

100.0

1.  The holding of £ 35m Japan equity index futures (2.5% of net assets) is not included in this classi(cid:428) cation.
2. Included in the above are (cid:428) xed interest holdings (including convertibles) of £15,543,000 (2012: £28,704,000).
3.  Open-ended funds relates to the collective investment fund used to invest in Emerging Markets, a specialist insurance fund,  two Japan equity fund s and an

exchange -traded  MSCI global equity fund.

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Board of Directors

H M Henderson 
Chairman (A), (C), (D)
Appointed a director in 1988, Harry 
Henderson became Chairman in March 
2003. He was formerly a partner of 
Cazenove & Co. and subsequently a senior 
executive at Cazenove Group plc, retiring in 
2002. Mr Henderson is Chairman of Witan 
Investment Services Limited. He is also a 
director of Cadogan Settled Estates Limited.

A L C Bell MA 
Chief Executive O(cid:431)  cer (D)
Andrew Bell was appointed a director and 
Chief Executive O(cid:431)  cer from February 
2010. He is responsible for the overall 
management of Witan. Previously he 
worked at Rensburg Sheppards Investment 
Management Limited as Head of Research 
and as an equity strategist and Co-Head 
of the Investment Trusts team at BZW and 
Credit Suisse First Boston. Prior to the City, 
he worked for Shell in Oman, leaving to take 
a Sloan Fellowship at the London Business 
School. He is a non -executive director 
of Henderson High Income Trust plc and 
became Chairman of the Association of 
Investment Companies in January 2013. 

R W Boyle MA, FCA 
Chairman of the Audit Committee (A), (B) 
Robert Boyle was appointed a director in 
2007. He is a Chartered Accountant and was 
a partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 
where he was responsible for multi-national 
client accounts, specialising in the telecoms 
and media sectors: he was chairman of the 
PWC European Entertainment and Media 
Practice for twelve years, retiring in 2006. 
He is a non-executive director, and chairman 
of the audit committee, of Maxis Berhad (in 
Malaysia), Centaur Media plc and Prosperity 
Voskhod Fund Ltd (an AIM listed company). 

J E B Bevan MA 
Director (A) 
James Bevan was appointed a director 
in 2007. He is CIO, CCLA Investment 
Management. Before joining CCLA 
in November 2006, he was the Chief 
Investment O(cid:431)  cer at Abbey. Prior to 
Abbey, he was Chief Investment O(cid:431)  cer 
for Barclays Stockbrokers and Barclays 
Personal Investment Management, having 
joined BZW in 1988, following postgraduate 
research in applied economics and asset 
allocation at Cambridge University.

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(A) Independent non-executive directors.

(B)  Members of the Audit Committee which 

is chaired by Mr Boyle. 

(C)  Members of the Remuneration and Nomination 
Committee which is chaired by Mrs Claydon.

(D)  Director of Witan Investment Services Limited.

M C Claydon BA, MBA 
Chairman of the Remuneration and 
Nomination Committee (A), (B), (C), (D)
Catherine Claydon joined the Board in 2009. 
Previously she was a Managing Director
in the Pension Advisory Group at Goldman 
Sachs (1992-2007) and Lehman Brothers 
(2007- 2008). She is a non-executive 
director of the Dunedin Income Growth 
Investment Trust. She is a trustee of the 
Barclays UK Pension Fund and the BT 
Pension Scheme, and an independent 
member of Unilever UK Pension Fund’s 
Investment Committee.

S E G A Neubert LLM 
Director (A), (D) 
Suzy Neubert joined the Board in 2012. She 
is Sales & Marketing Director at J O Hambro 
Capital Management, which she joined in 
March 2006. She was previously Managing 
Director of Equity Markets within the Global 
Markets and Investment Banking Group at 
Merrill Lynch Securities in London. From 
1993, she worked at Smith New Court 
Europe (later taken over by Merrill Lynch) 
as a European equity analyst and later as 
Director of European Equity Sales. Prior to 
Smith New Court, she worked at Hambros 
Bank as an Executive in the Corporate 
Finance division. She is a quali(cid:428) ed barrister.

R J Old(cid:428) eld  BA 
Director (A), (C) 
Richard Old(cid:428) eld joined the Board in 2011. 
He is chief executive of Old(cid:428) eld Partners, 
an investment management (cid:428) rm which he 
founded in 2005 after nine years as chief 
executive of a family investment o(cid:431)  ce. 
Before that he was a director of Mercury 
Asset Management plc which he joined 
in 1977. He is chairman of the Oxford 
University investment committee and was 
chairman of Keystone Investment Trust plc 
from 2001 to 2010. He is a trustee of Royal 
Marsden Cancer Charity and of Canterbury 
Cathedral Trust.

A Watson CBE, BSc (Econ), ASIP, Barrister-
at-Law, FCISI (Hons), D.Sc. (Hons) 
Senior Independent Director  (A), (B) 
Tony Watson was appointed a director in 
2006. He was appointed Senior Independent 
Director in February 2008. He is a 
non-executive director of Hammerson plc, 
Lloyds Banking Group plc, Vodafone Group 
Plc and the Shareholder Executive. He was 
formerly chairman of the Trustees of the 
Marks & Spencer Pension Scheme , chairman 
of the  Strategic Investment Board Limited 
(Northern Ireland) and  a member of the 
Financial Reporting Council. Mr Watson 
retired in 2006 from an executive career in 
the investment management industry, most 
recently as Chief Executive of Hermes Fund 
Managers Limited.

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

27

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report
Statutory Information

The directors present the Annual Report of the Group for the 
year ended 31 December 2013.

Substantial Share Interests
As at  1 1 March 2014, the following had notified the Company 
of interests in the Company’s voting rights:

Activities and Business Review
A review of the business is given in the Chairman’s and 
Chief Executive’s report on pages  4 to  7 and in the Strategic 
Report on pages  8 to  23. The Directors are required by 
the Companies Act to prepare a Strategic Report for each 
financial year, which contains a fair review of the business of 
the Group during the financial year ended 31 December 2013 
and of the position of the Group at the end of the year and a 
description of the principal risks and uncertainties facing the 
Group. This information can be found within the Strategic 
Report on pages  18 to  20.

Investment Policy
The Company’s investment policy is set out   on    the inside 
front cover.

Status
Witan Investment Trust plc (‘the Company’) is incorporated 
in the United Kingdom and registered in England and Wales 
and domiciled in the United Kingdom. It is an investment 
company as defined in section 833 of the Companies Act 
2006 and operates as an investment trust in accordance with 
section 1158 of the Corporation Tax Act 2010. The Company 
has received confirmation from HM Revenue and Customs 
that it has been accepted as an approved investment trust 
with effect from 1 January 2012, provided it continues to 
meet the eligibility conditions of section 1158 and of the 
ongoing requirements for approved companies
in the Investment Trust (Approved Company) (Tax) 
Regulations 2012.

Subsidiary Company
The Company has one subsidiary company, Witan 
Investment Services Limited, which provides marketing 
services and investment products to the Company and 
executive management and marketing services to third 
party investment trust clients. Witan Investment Services 
Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct 
Authority to manage savings schemes for investors and 
provide investment advice to professional investors.

ISAs
The Company intends to continue to manage its affairs so 
that its investments fully qualify for the stocks and shares 
component of an ISA and Junior ISA. 

AXA Investment Managers SA
Legal & General Group plc (direct)

%

 18.1 
 4. 5 

The above percentages are calculated by applying the shareholdings as notified 
to the Company to the issued ordinary share capital as at  10 March 2014 (the 
shareholdings representing the voting rights).

Assets
At 31 December 2013 the total net assets of the Group were 
£ 1,372.9 million (2012: £1,105.8 million). At this date the net 
asset value per ordinary share was  725.2p (2012: 581.8p). 

Revenue and Dividend
The total profit for the year was £ 303.9 million (2012: £146.3 
million). A profit of £ 29.3 million is attributable to revenue 
(2012: £27.7 million). The profit for the year attributable to 
revenue has been applied as follows:

Distributed as dividends:
First interim of 3.3p per ordinary share
(paid on 18 June 2013)
Second interim of 3.3p per ordinary share
(paid on 18 September 2013)
Third interim of 3.3p per ordinary share
(paid on 18 December 2013)
Fourth interim of 4.5p per ordinary share
(payable on 28 March 2014)
Added to the revenue reserve

£’000

6,229

6,248

6,247

8,519
2,020
 29,263

The directors have declared a fourth interim dividend instead 
of a final dividend in order to ensure that, as in previous 
years, the distribution is made to the shareholders before 
5 April. The Company intends to grow the dividend in real 
terms, ahead of inflation.

Company Revenue Account
As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the 
Company has not presented its own income statement. The 
profit on the revenue return of the Company dealt with in 
the accounts of the Group amounted to £29,150,000 (2012: 
£27,660,000). 

28

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Directors
The current directors of the Company are shown on page s 26 
and 27.

All the directors held office throughout the year under 
review. In addition, Mr R A Bruce held office until his 
retirement from the Board on 30 April 2013. At the Annual 
General Meeting on 30 April 2014, Mr Oldfield and
Mr Watson will retire in accordance with the Company’s 
Articles of Association and, being eligible, will seek
re-election by shareholders. Mr Henderson will also retire and 
stand for re-election, as he has served as a director for more 
than nine years and is eligible to stand for re-election.
The Board considers him to be independent despite his 
length of service. This is explained in more detail in sections 1 
and 2 on page  33. 

The Board’s policy on the frequency of the re-election
of directors is set out on page  34 in the Corporate
Governance Statement.

During the year the membership of the Audit Committee 
comprised Mr Boyle (Chairman), Mr Bruce, until his retirement 
on 30 April 2013, Mr Watson, and Mrs Claydon who was 
appointed as a member of the Committee on 6 August 
201 3. During the year the membership of the Remuneration 
Committee comprised Mrs Claydon (Chairman),
Mr Henderson and Mr Oldfield. 

As noted on page  33, Mr Henderson was formerly a senior 
executive at Cazenove and a partner in its predecessor firm. 
As one of a number of institutional investors, the Company 
purchased in 2001 a holding of shares in Cazenove Group plc 
(‘Cazenove’), which was disposed of in 2013 (see note 10 (vi) 
on page  73). 

No director was a party to, or had an interest in, any contract 
or arrangement with the Company at any time during the 
year or to the date of this report. With the exception of
Mr Bell, no director has or had a service contract with
the Company.

Directors’ Interests
The interests of the directors in the share capital of the 
Company are set out in the Directors’ Remuneration Report 
on page  46.

Directors’ Conflicts of Interest
Directors have a duty to avoid situations where they have, 
or could have, a direct or indirect interest that conflicts, 
or(cid:123)possibly could conflict, with the Company’s interests. 
With(cid:123)effect from 1 October 2008, the Companies Act 
2006 (‘the Act’) has allowed directors of public companies 
to authorise such conflicts and potential conflicts, where 
appropriate, but only if the Articles of Association contain 
a provision to this effect. The Act also allows the Articles 
of Association to contain other provisions for dealing with 
directors’ conflicts of interest to avoid a breach of duty. 
There(cid:123)are two circumstances in which a potential conflict 
of interest can be permitted: either the situation cannot 
reasonably be regarded as likely to give rise to a conflict of 
interest or the matter has been authorised in advance by the 
directors. The Company’s Articles of Association, which were 
adopted by shareholders on 27 April 2010, give the directors 
the relevant authority required to deal with conflicts of interest. 

Each of the directors has provided a statement of all 
conflicts of interest and potential conflicts of interest, if any, 
applicable to the Company. A register of conflicts of interest 
has been compiled and approved by the Board. The directors 
have also undertaken to notify the Chairman as soon as they 
become aware of any new potential conflicts of interest that 
need to be approved by the Board and added to the  register, 
which is reviewed annually by the Board. It has also been 
agreed that directors will advise the Chairman
and the Company Secretary in advance of any proposed 
external appointment and new directors will be asked to 
submit a list of potential situations falling within the conflicts 
of interest provisions of the Act in advance of joining the 
Board. The Chairman will then determine whether the 
relevant appointment causes a conflict or potential conflict 
of interest and should therefore be considered by the Board. 
Only directors who have no interest in the matter being 
considered would be able to participate in the Board approval 
process. In deciding whether to approve a conflict of interest, 
directors will also act in a way they consider, in good faith, will 
be most likely to promote the Company’s success in taking 
such a decision. The Board can impose limits or conditions 
when giving authorisation if the directors consider this to
be appropriate. 

The Board believes that its arrangements for the 
authorisation of conflicts have operated effectively since 
they were introduced on 1 October 2008. The Board also 
confirms that its procedures for the approval of conflicts of 
interest have been followed by all the directors.

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

29

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report continued

Directors’ Indemnity
The Company’s Articles of Association allow the Company, 
subject to the provisions of UK legislation, to: 

(a) 

(b) 

  indemnify any person who is or was a director, or 
a director of any associated company, directly or 
indirectly against any loss or liability, whether in 
connection with any proven or alleged negligence, 
default, breach of duty or breach of trust by him or 
her, or otherwise, in relation to the Company or any 
associated company; and

 purchase and maintain insurance for any person who 
is or was a director, or a director of any associated 
company, against any loss or liability or any expenditure 
he or she may incur, whether in connection with any 
proven or alleged negligence, default, breach of duty or 
breach of trust by him or her, or otherwise, in relation to 
the Company or any associated company. 

Directors’ and officers’ liability insurance cover is in place in 
respect of the directors and was in place throughout the year 
under review.

Directors’ Fees
The report on the directors’ remuneration is set out on pages 
 44 to  54.

Financial Instruments and the Management of Risk
By its nature as an investment trust, the Company is exposed 
to market risk, price risk, currency risk, interest rate risk, 
liquidity risk and credit risk. The Company’s policies for 
managing these risks are outlined in note 14 to the accounts 
on pages  74 to  82.

Investment Managers
It is the opinion of the directors that the continuing 
appointment of the investment managers listed on page  
12 is in the interests of the Company’s shareholders as a 
whole and that the terms of engagement negotiated with 
them are competitive and appropriate to the investment 
mandates. 

The Board reviews the appointments of the investment 
managers on a regular basis and makes changes
as appropriate. 

Share Capital
The Company’s share capital comprises:

a) ordinary shares of 25p nominal value each (‘shares’)
The voting rights of the shares on a poll are one vote for 
every four shares held (one vote per £1 of nominal value). 
At 31 December 2012 there were 190,079,500 shares in 
issue. During the year a total of 768,500 shares was bought 
back by the Company for cancellation. At 31 December 
2013 there were 189,311,000 shares in issue and thus 
the number of voting rights was 47,327,750 on a poll. The 
Company’s Articles of Association permit the Company to 
purchase its own shares and to fund such purchases from 
its accumulated realised capital profits. At the AGM in  April 
2013 a special resolution was passed giving the Company 
authority, until the conclusion of the AGM in 2014, to make 
market purchases for cancellation of the Company’s ordinary 
shares up to a maximum of 28,398,105 shares (being 14.99% 
of the issued ordinary share capital as at 30 April 2013).  At 
the date of this report, the Company had valid authority, 
outstanding until the conclusion of the AGM in 2014, to make 
market purchases for cancellation of 28,262,105 shares. 
    The directors intend to seek a fresh authority at the AGM 
in April 2014. The Company  makes use of share buybacks, 
purchasing shares for cancellation when they stand at a 
significant discount to NAV, with the objective of achieving 
a sustainable discount of 10% or less. Shares are not bought 
back unless the result is an increase in the net asset value per 
ordinary share.

In addition, although the Company’s shares currently remain 
at a discount, the Board is seeking powers at the forthcoming 
Annual General Meeting to buy shares into treasury, for 
possible reissuance in the event of the shares moving to a 
premium. Shares will only be re-sold from treasury at (or at a 
premium to) the net asset value per ordinary share.

The Company is also seeking shareholder approval to issue 
shares, up to 10% of the starting total, provided that such 
shares are issued at or at a premium to net asset value.

b) 2.7% preference shares of £1 nominal value each
(‘2.7% preference shares’) 
The 2.7% preference shareholders have no rights to attend 
and vote at general meetings. At 31 December 2013 there 
were 500,000 2.7% preference shares in issue. Further 
details on the preference shares are given in note 17 on
page  83.

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Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Annual General Meeting 
The next AGM will be held at 2.30 pm on Wednesday 30 April 
2014 at Merchant Taylors’ Hall, 30 Threadneedle Street, 
London EC2R 8JB. The formal notice of the AGM is set out in 
the accompanying circular to shareholders, together with 
explanations of the resolutions.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions
 The Company has a staff of  six employees, operating from 
small serviced office premises. Accordingly it does not have 
any significant greenhouse gas emissions to(cid:123)report from its 
own operations, nor does it have responsibility for any other 
emission producing sources under the Companies Act 2006 
(Strategic Report and Directors’ Reports) Regulations 2013, 
including those within(cid:123)its underlying investment portfolio. 

By order of the Board

Frostrow Capital LLP
Secretary

 1 1 March 2014

c) 3.4% preference shares of £1 nominal value each
(‘3.4% preference shares’) 
The 3.4% preference shareholders have no rights to attend 
and vote at general meetings. At 31 December 2013 there 
were 2,055,000 3.4% preference shares in issue. Further 
details on the preference shares are given in note  17 on 
page(cid:123) 83. 

At the AGM in  April 2013 a special resolution was passed 
giving the Company authority, until the conclusion of the 
AGM in 2014, to make market purchases for cancellation 
of the Company’s own 2.7% preference shares and 
3.4% preference shares up to a maximum of all those in 
issue. This(cid:123)authority has not been used. Accordingly, as 
at 31 December 2013 the Company had valid authority, 
outstanding until the conclusion of the AGM in 2014, 
to make market purchases for cancellation of 500,000 
2.7% preference shares and 2,055,000 3.4% preference 
shares. No(cid:123)preference shares were bought back between 
the year end and the date of this report. Accordingly, the 
Company has valid authority to make market purchases 
for cancellation of 500,000 2.7% preference shares and 
2,055,000 3.4% preference shares. The directors intend to 
seek a fresh authority at the AGM in April 2014. There are no 
restrictions on the transfer of the Company’s share capital 
and there are no shares or stock which carry specific rights 
with regards to control of the Company.

Independent Auditor
Resolutions to reappoint Deloitte LLP as the Company’s 
auditor and to authorise the directors to determine their 
remuneration will be proposed at the forthcoming Annual 
General Meeting.

Directors’ Statement as to the Disclosure of Information 
to the Auditor
Each of the directors at the date of approval of this report 
confirms that:

(1) 

(2) 

 so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant 
audit information of which the Company’s auditor is 
unaware; and

 the director has taken all the steps that he/she ought to 
have taken as a director to make himself/herself aware 
of any relevant audit information and to establish that 
the Company’s auditor is aware of that information. 

This confirmation is given and should be interpreted 
in accordance with the provisions of section 418 of the 
Companies Act 2006.

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

31

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate governance statement

The Board considers that reporting against the principles and 
recommendations of the AIC Code and by reference to the 
AIC Guide (which incorporates the Corporate Governance 
Code) will provide better information to shareholders.

The Company has complied with the recommendations of the 
AIC Code and the best practice provisions of the Corporate 
Governance Code throughout the year ended 31 December 
2013 except as set out below:

> 

> 

 The Corporate Governance Code (C.3.5) includes 
provisions relating to the need for an internal audit 
function. As explained on page  41, the Company does 
not(cid:123)have an internal audit function.
 The Corporate Governance Code (B.7.1) includes 
provisions relating to the annual re-election of all 
directors. As explained on page  34, the Company 
considers that this provision is inappropriate to the 
Company.

The Principles of the AIC Code
The AIC Code is made up of twenty one principles. Its three 
sections cover the Board;  board  meetings and relations with the 
 investment  managers; and  shareholder  communications.

Background

The UK Listing Authority’s Disclosure and Transparency Rules 
(the ‘Disclosure Rules’) require listed companies to disclose 
how they have applied the principles and complied with 
the provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code (the 
‘ Corporate Governance Code’), as issued by the Financial 
Reporting Council (‘the FRC’). The provisions of the Corporate 
Governance Code, which was issued by the FRC in September 
2012, were applicable in the year under review. The Corporate 
Governance Code can be viewed at www.frc.org.uk

The related Code of Corporate Governance (‘the AIC Code’), 
issued by the Association of Investment Companies (‘the 
AIC’), provides specific corporate governance guidelines 
to investment companies. The FRC has confirmed that 
AIC member companies who report against the AIC Code 
and who follow the AIC’s Corporate Governance Guide for 
Investment Companies (the ‘AIC Guide’) will be meeting their 
obligations in relation to the Corporate Governance Code 
and the associated disclosure requirements of the Disclosure 
Rules. The AIC Code issued in February 2013 was applicable 
in the year under review. The AIC Code can be viewed at
www.theaic.co.uk

Compliance
The Board has considered the principles and 
recommendations of the AIC Code by reference to the 
AIC Guide. The AIC Code, as explained by the AIC Guide, 
addresses all the principles set out in the Corporate 
Governance Code, as well as setting out additional principles 
and recommendations on issues that are of specific relevance 
to the Company.

32

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Principles of the AIC Code
The Board
1.  The chairman should 

be independent.

2.  A majority of the board should 

be independent of the manager.

Application of the principles

Mr H M Henderson has been Chairman of the Company since the 
Annual General Meeting in March 2003; he joined the Board in 
1988. The Board considers that Mr Henderson is, and has been 
since his appointment, an independent non-executive director. 
Independence stems from the ability to make those objective 
decisions that may be in con(cid:430) ict with the interests of management; 
this in turn is a function of con(cid:428) dence, integrity and judgement. 
Mr Henderson has served on the Board for more than nine years. 
Accordingly, he stands for re-election by the shareholders each 
year and will do so for as long as he continues to serve on the Board. 
The Board is (cid:428) rmly of the view, however, that length of service does 
not of itself impair a director’s ability to act independently; rather, 
a director’s longer perspective adds value to the deliberations 
of a well-balanced investment trust company board. The other 
independent non-executive directors, under the chairmanship of 
the Senior Independent Director, review and evaluate annually the 
performance and continuing independence of the Chairman.

Mr Henderson was formerly a partner of Cazenove & Co., the (cid:428) rm 
which for many years acted as the Company’s stockbroker. However, 
he did not have responsibility for or involvement with Cazenove’s 
role with the Company, being for many years responsible for 
aspects of Cazenove’s fund management division. Accordingly, the 
Board considers that the Chairman has no relationships that might 
create a con(cid:430) ict of interest between his interests and those of the 
other shareholders.

Mr A Watson was appointed as the Senior Independent Director 
in February 2008. As noted above, he takes the lead in the annual 
evaluation of the Chairman. He is also able to act as a sounding 
board for the Chairman and serve as an intermediary for the other 
directors, should this prove necessary, and to act as a channel of 
communication for shareholders in the event that contact through 
the Chairman has failed to resolve concerns or is inappropriate.

At 31 December 2013 the Board was composed of seven 
independent non-executive directors and one executive director 
(the Chief Executive Officer). The Board is therefore independent 
of the Company’s executive management. All the directors 
are wholly independent of the Company’s various investment 
managers. In the opinion of the Board, each of the directors 
is independent in character and judgement and there are no 
relationships or circumstances relating to the Company that are 
likely to affect their judgement (see also section  1 above).

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

33

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Corporate governance statement continued

Principles of the AIC Code
The Board
3.  Directors should be submitted for re-election at regular 
intervals. Nomination for re-election should not be 
assumed but be based on disclosed procedures and 
continued satisfactory performance.

Application of the principles

New directors stand for election by the shareholders at the annual 
general meeting of the Company that follows their appointment. 
Thereafter all directors stand for re-election at least every three 
years, as required by the Company’s Articles of Association. 
Directors who have served for more than nine years stand for
re-election annually. There is currently one director with service 
of(cid:123) more than nine years: Mr H M Henderson, the Chairman. 

The Board has reviewed Provision B.7.1 of the Corporate 
Governance Code, which states that all directors of FTSE 350 
companies should be subject to annual election by shareholders. 
The Board considers that the annual re-election of all the 
directors is inappropriate to the Company. There are two main 
reasons for this view: (a) it appears to place excessive emphasis 
on the short term and insufficient emphasis on the need for an 
effective board to work together and to refresh its composition 
over time; and (b) there is some danger, because many small and 
nominee shareholders choose not to exercise their voting rights, 
that if all the directors seek re-election at once a minority of the 
shareholders could engineer the removal of the whole Board for 
reasons injurious to the interests of the Company’s investors as a 
whole. Therefore the Board considers it appropriate to continue 
to apply Provision B.7.1 as if the Company were not a constituent 
of the FTSE 350 Index, a view which a number of prominent 
institutional investors have shared.

Every year the Board reviews its composition and the composition 
of its two Committees. The Board’s Remuneration and Nomination 
Committee  oversees this process. Further details are given under 
section 7  on page 36.

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Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Principles of the AIC Code
The Board
4.  The board should have a policy on tenure, which is 

disclosed in the annual report.

5.  There should be full disclosure of information about the 

board.

6.  The board should aim to have a balance of skills, 

experience, length of service and knowledge of the 
Company.

Application of the principles

New directors are appointed for an initial term ending three 
years from the date of their first annual general meeting after 
appointment and with the expectation that they will serve two 
three-year terms. The continuation of directors’ appointments is 
contingent on satisfactory performance evaluation and re-election 
at annual general meetings. Directors’ appointments are reviewed 
formally every three years by the Board as a whole. None of the 
non-executive directors has a contract of service and a director 
may resign by notice in writing to the Board at any time; there are 
no set notice periods. The Board’s tenure and succession policy 
seeks to ensure that the Board is well-balanced and refreshed 
regularly by the appointment of new directors with the skills 
and experience necessary, in particular, to replace those lost by 
directors’ retirements. Directors must be able to demonstrate 
their commitment to the Company, including in terms of time. The 
Board seeks to encompass past and current experience of various 
areas that is relevant to the Company’s objective and operations, 
the most important skill-sets being investment management, 
finance, marketing, financial services, risk management, custody 
and settlement, and investment banking. Specialist agents are 
used to assist with recruitment. While the roles and contributions 
of longer serving directors are subject to rigorous review, the Board 
is strongly of the view that length of service is only one factor and 
that the shareholders benefit from having directors with a longer 
perspective of the Company’s history and its place in the savings 
market. Therefore there is no absolute limit to the period for which 
a director may serve.

Details of the directors are set out on pages  26 and 27. They 
demonstrate a broad range of investment, professional and 
commercial expertise and experience, gained overseas as well as 
in the United Kingdom.

The Board considers that it has achieved this aim. Brief biographical 
details of each director are set out on pages 26 and 27 .

Board Diversity 
The Company welcomes the objectives of the Davies Report to 
improve the performance of corporate boards by encouraging 
the appointment of the best people from a range of differing 
perspectives and backgrounds. The Company recognises the 
benefits of diversity on the board, including gender, and takes 
this into account in its board appointments. The Company is 
committed to ensuring that its director search processes actively 
seek both men and women with the right qualifications so that 
appointments can be made, on the basis of merit, against objective 
criteria from a diverse selection of candidates. To this end the 
Board will continue to dedicate time to consider diversity during 
the director search process.

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

35

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Corporate governance statement continued

Principles of the AIC Code
The Board
7.  The board should undertake a formal and rigorous 

annual evaluation of its own performance and that of its 
committees and individual directors.

8.  Director remuneration should re(cid:430) ect their duties, 
responsibilities and the value of their time spent.

9.  The independent directors should take the lead in the 

appointment of new directors and the process should be 
disclosed in the annual report.

10.  Directors should be o(cid:426)  ered relevant training and 

induction.

11.  The chairman (and the board) should be brought into 
the process of structuring a new launch at an early 
stage.

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Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Application of the principles

The Board has established a process to evaluate its performance 
on an annual basis. This process is based on open discussion and 
seeks to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Board and 
its Committees. The Chairman leads on applying the conclusions 
of the evaluation. The Chairman reviews with each director his 
or her individual performance, contribution and commitment to 
the Company. The Senior Independent Director leads the annual 
evaluation of the Chairman and reviews the conclusions with him. 
The Board’s Remuneration Committee oversees this process. 
In addition, in consideration of Provision B.6.2 of the Corporate 
Governance Code, which states that evaluation of the board of 
FTSE 350 companies should be externally facilitated at least every 
three years, the Board concluded that, regardless of the size of 
the company, periodic external evaluation should add value to the 
process. Accordingly, in July 2013, the Board appointed BoardAlpha 
Limited to carry out an evaluation programme. The Board reviewed 
the report submitted to it and the Chairman has led on implementing 
those changes recommended by the report that the Board 
considered should be made. The report did not identify any 
material weaknesses or concerns. BoardAlpha Limited does not 
have any other connection with the Company.

The Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages  44 to  54 details the 
process for determining the directors’ remuneration and sets out 
the amounts payable.

The Board’s Remuneration and Nomination Committee  oversees 
the recruitment  process, which includes the use of a firm of 
non-executive  director recruitment consultants. However, all the 
independent non-executive directors are asked to contribute and 
to consider serving on the sub-committee appointed to draw up 
the shortlist of candidates. Notwithstanding this, the Chairman 
would not expect to be involved in the selection of his successor.

Directors newly appointed to the Board are provided with an 
introductory programme covering the Company’s strategy, policies 
and operations, including those outsourced to third parties. 
Thereafter, directors are given, on a regular and ongoing basis, 
key information on the Company’s investment portfolios, financial 
position, internal controls and details of the Company’s regulatory 
and statutory obligations (and changes thereto). The directors are 
encouraged to attend industry and other seminars, conferences 
and courses, if necessary at the Company’s expense, and to 
participate generally in industry events. A log of directors’ training 
is maintained and reviewed each year by the Audit Committee. 

The directors have access to the advice and services of the 
Company’s executive team and of the Company Secretary, through 
its appointed representative, who are responsible to the Board for 
ensuring that Board procedures are followed and that applicable 
rules and regulations are complied with.

This principle does not apply to the Company, which is a long 
established investment trust company.

Principles of the AIC Code
Board meetings and the relationship with the manager
12.  Boards and managers should operate in a supportive, 

Application of the principles

co-operative and open environment.

Typically, the Board meets approximately ten times each 
year. The Chief Executive Officer (who is himself a director), 
other representatives of the Company’s executive team and a 
representative of the Company Secretary expect to be present 
at all meetings. The Board devotes two full days each year to 
meetings with the Company’s investment managers and each 
investment manager sends representatives at least once a year. 
The Chairman seeks to encourage open debate within the Board 
and a supportive and co-operative relationship with the executive 
team and with the Company’s investment managers, advisors and 
support staff.

13.  The primary focus at regular board meetings should 

be a review of investment performance and associated 
matters such as gearing, asset allocation, marketing/
investor relations, peer group information and industry 
issues.

14.  Boards should give su(cid:431)  cient attention to overall 

strategy.

15.  The board should regularly review both the performance 
of, and contractual arrangements with, the manager (or 
executives of a self-managed company).

16.  The board should agree policies with the manager 

covering key operational issues.

17.  Boards should monitor the level of the share price 
discount or premium (if any) and, if desirable, take 
action to reduce it.

18.  The board should monitor and evaluate other service 

providers.

The Chief Executive Officer and his team monitor investment 
performance and all associated matters. He reports to each Board 
meeting, at which investment performance, asset allocation, 
gearing, marketing and investor relations are usually key
agenda items.

The Board is responsible for determining the strategic direction 
of the Company and for promoting its success. At least one of 
its meetings each year is devoted entirely to reviewing overall 
strategy and progress is monitored throughout the year.

The Board’s Remuneration and Nomination Committee reviews 
the performance of and the contractual arrangements with the 
Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer is responsible 
to the Board for reviewing the performance and the contractual 
arrangements of his staff. The Board’s Remuneration and 
Nomination Committee oversees this process.

The Chief Executive Officer leads on the selection and monitoring 
of the investment managers and their terms of reference, which 
are approved by the Board.

The Company manages its own operations through the Board 
as set out on page  39 . Each investment manager runs a discrete 
investment portfolio within the terms of the mandate given to 
them in an investment management contract. Further details are 
given on page  39. Shares are held by the Company’s custodian.

The Chief Executive Officer and his team monitor the share price 
and the discount to net asset value on a daily basis and he reports 
to every Board meeting.

The Board has a share buy-back programme that seeks to add to 
the net asset value per share and achieve a sustainable discount 
of(cid:123)not more than 10%.

The Chief Executive Officer and his team are responsible for 
monitoring and evaluating the performance of the Company’s 
various service providers. The Board’s Audit Committee oversees 
this process.

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

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Corporate governance statement continued

Principles of the AIC Code
Shareholder communications
19.  The board should regularly monitor the shareholder 
pro(cid:428) le of the company and put in place a system for 
canvassing shareholder views and for communicating 
the board’s views to shareholders.

20.  The board should normally take responsibility for, 
and have a direct involvement in, the content of 
communications regarding major corporate issues 
even(cid:123)if the manager is asked to act as spokesman.

21.  The board should ensure that shareholders are provided 
with su(cid:431)  cient information for them to understand 
the risk: reward balance to which they are exposed by 
holding the shares.

Application of the principles

The Chairman is responsible for ensuring that there is effective 
communication with the Company’s shareholders. He works 
closely with the Chief Executive Officer and there is regular 
liaison with the Company’s stockbroker. There is a process in 
place for analysing and monitoring the shareholder register and a 
programme for meeting or speaking with the institutional investors 
and with private client stockbrokers and advisors. In addition to the 
Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman, or the Senior Independent 
Director, expects to be available to meet the larger shareholders.

The Company encourages attendance at its Annual General 
Meeting as a forum for communication with the individual 
shareholders. The Notice of Annual General Meeting and related 
papers are sent to shareholders at least 20 working days before the 
meeting. The Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman 
of the Audit Committee and the Chairman of the Remuneration 
and Nomination Committee all expect to be present at the Annual 
General Meeting and able to answer questions from shareholders 
as appropriate. Details of the proxy votes received in respect of 
each resolution are made available to shareholders. The Chief 
Executive Officer makes a presentation to the meeting.

The directors may be contacted through the Secretary at the 
address shown on page  88.

While the Chief Executive Officer and his team expect to lead on 
preparing and effecting communications with investors, all major 
corporate issues are put to the Board or, if time is of the essence, 
to(cid:123)a Committee thereof.

The Board places importance on effective communication with 
investors and approves a marketing programme and budget each 
year to enable this to be achieved. Copies of the Annual Report 
and the Half Year Report are circulated to shareholders, to those 
who hold shares through the subsidiary company’s products and, 
where possible, to investors through other providers’ products and 
nominee companies (or written notification is sent when they are 
published on-line). In addition, the Company publishes a fact sheet 
monthly and its net asset value per share daily. All this information 
is readily accessible on the Company’s website (www.witan.com). 
The Company belongs to the Association of Investment Companies 
which publishes information to increase investors’ understanding.    

38

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

The Board
The Board is collectively responsible for the success of 
the Company. Its role is to provide leadership within a 
framework of prudent and effective controls that enable 
risk to be assessed and managed. The Board sets the 
Company’s strategic aims (subject to the Company’s Articles 
of Association and to such approval of the shareholders in 
general meeting as may be required from time to time) and 
ensures that the necessary resources are in place to enable 
the Company’s objectives to be met.

The Board has typically met approximately ten times a year 
and deals with the most important aspects of the Company’s 
affairs, including the setting of parameters for and the 
monitoring of investment strategy, the review of investment 
performance and the extent to which borrowings may
be used. 

The Chief Executive Officer is responsible to the Board for the 
overall management of the Company including investment 
performance, business development, shareholder relations, 
marketing, investment trust industry matters, administration 
and unquoted investments. The duties of the Chief Executive 
Officer include leading on investment strategy and asset 
allocation, on the selection and monitoring of the investment 
managers and their terms of reference and on the use of 
derivatives. The Board sets limits on matters such as asset 
allocation, gearing and investment in derivatives, within 
which the Chief Executive Officer may operate at
his discretion. 

The Chief Executive Officer reports to each meeting of the 
Board. His report includes confirmation that the Board’s 
investment limits and restrictions and those which govern 
the Company’s tax status as an investment trust, have been 
adhered to. 

The individual investment managers are each appointed to 
manage a discrete portfolio in accordance with guidelines 
which limit, for example, the  markets in which they can 
invest, the size of each investment and the amount of cash 
that may be held in their portfolio in normal circumstances. 
They are not allowed to invest in unquoted securities, to 
borrow against the security of the portfolio, to sell stocks 
short or to use derivatives. The investment managers 
take decisions as to the purchase and sale of individual 
investments and are responsible for effecting those decisions 
on the best available terms. The Company receives monthly 
confirmation from each of the investment managers that 
they have carried out their duties in accordance with the 
terms of their investment mandates.

In addition to his responsibilities for the overall management 
of the Company, the Chief Executive Officer manages 
the Direct Holdings portfolio. A maximum of 10% of the 
Company’s gross assets (at the time of purchase) may be 
invested in this portfolio and there are restrictions on the 
number, size and type of investments that may be made. 

The Chairman is responsible for ensuring that the directors 
are provided, in a timely manner, with management, 
regulatory and financial information that is clear, accurate 
and relevant, whether from the Chief Executive Officer
or otherwise.

Matters specifically reserved for decision by the full 
Board have been defined. There is an agreed procedure 
for directors, in the furtherance of their duties, to take 
independent professional advice, if necessary, at the 
Company’s expense. 

Board Committees
The Board has established an Audit Committee and a 
Remuneration and Nomination Committee. The membership 
of the Audit Committee and the Remuneration and 
Nomination Committee is set out on page s 26 and 27. The 
roles and responsibilities of the Committees are described in 
the Report of the Audit Committee on page s 42 and 43 and in 
the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages  44 to  54.

Meetings of the Board and its Committees 
The number of formal meetings during the year of the
Board and its Committees, and the attendance of the 
individual directors at those meetings, is shown in the table 
that follows.

Number of meetings
H M Henderson
A L C Bell
J E B Bevan
R W Boyle
R A Bruce
M C Claydon
S E G A Neubert
R J Oldfield
A Watson

Remuneration 
and 
Nomination 
Committee
2
2
2*
–
–
–
2
–
2
–

Audit
Committee
3
3*
3*
–
3
1 of 1
0 of 1
–
–
3

Board
11
10
11
9
11
4 of 4
10
10
10
10

* Not a member of the Committee but in attendance by invitation for all or part of 
the meetings.

All the directors attended the Annual General Meeting in 
April 2013 and the Board’s ‘Away Day’ in May 2013.

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39

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate governance statement continued

Directors’ Remuneration
The directors’ remuneration is detailed in the Directors’ 
Remuneration Report on pages  44 to  54.

Accountability and Audit 
The directors’ statement of responsibilities in respect of the 
accounts is set out on page  55.

The report of the independent auditor  is set out on page s 56 
to 59.

The Board has delegated contractually to external 
agents, including the various investment managers, the 
management of the investment portfolio, global custody 
(which includes the safeguarding of the assets), the 
investment administration, management and financial 
accounting, company secretarial and certain other 
administrative requirements and the registration services. 
Each of these contracts was entered into after full and proper 
consideration by the Board of the quality and cost of the 
services offered, including the control systems in operation in 
so far as they relate to the affairs of the Company. The Board 
receives and considers regular reports from the investment 
managers and ad hoc reports and information are supplied 
to(cid:123)the Board from its other contractors as required. 

Internal Control
The Board has established an ongoing process for identifying, 
evaluating and managing the significant risks faced by the 
Company. This process accords with the Turnbull guidance, 
is subject to regular review by the Audit Committee and was 
fully in place during the year under review and up to the date 
of this annual report. The Board remains responsible for the 
Company’s system of internal control and has conducted its 
annual review of the effectiveness of the system, covering all 
the controls, including financial, operational and compliance 
controls and risk management systems. This review took into 
account points raised during the year in the regular appraisal 
of specific areas of risk. However, such a system is designed 
to manage rather than eliminate the risks of failure to achieve 
the Company’s business objectives and can only provide 
reasonable and not absolute assurance against material 
misstatement or loss.

 In accordance with  provisions C2 and C3 of the Corporate 
Governance Code the Board reviews the Company’s business 
risks at least once a year. These are analysed and recorded in 
a risk map. The Company receives from its main contractors 
formal reports which detail the steps taken to monitor the 
areas of risk and which report the details of any known 
internal control failures. 

As described elsewhere, the management of Witan’s 
portfolio is outsourced to a number of third party investment 
managers around the world. There are currently 11 such 
investment managers as well as the Direct Holdings portfolio 
which is managed by the Chief Executive Officer. 

The Chief Executive Officer has responsibility for a number of 
aspects of the management of the portfolio, including asset 
allocation, gearing and investment in derivatives. The Board 
has set guidelines in respect of each of these aspects within 
which he may operate. The Chief Executive Officer reports to 
the Board regularly on each of these areas, as well as on the 
overall performance of the Company and other matters
of significance.

Witan’s in-house executive management team is responsible 
for managing and controlling the relationships with the third 
party managers. The management team receives monthly 
reports on investment and compliance matters from each 
manager. During 2013, the investment managers were 
asked to provide detailed information on their operational 
structures and systems.  The Board also receives each year 
from its investment managers reports on their internal 
controls; in most cases these include a report from the 
relevant company’s auditors on the control policies and 
procedures in operation.

The Chief Executive Officer makes regular reports to the 
Board on the performance of and activity within the Direct 
Holdings portfolio. In addition, the portfolio’s performance is 
independently measured by WM Performance Services, along 
with those of the third party managers.

The Company’s subsidiary, Witan Investment Services 
Limited, is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct 
Authority to provide investment products and services. 
The compliance structures required for these activities, 
including a compliance manual and a compliance monitoring 
programme, have been duly put into place. 

 The Company has a formal policy for staff to raise in 
confidence any concerns about possible improprieties, 
whether in matters of financial reporting or otherwise, for 
appropriate independent investigation. Its staff comprises 
only six people (including the Chief Executive Officer), who 
are well known to and have frequent formal and informal 
contact with the members of the Board. 

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Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

The Board encourages the Company’s appointed investment 
managers to engage with companies and to vote  shares, 
in the best long-term interest of Witan shareholders but 
in accordance with their own investment philosophies. 
Where applicable, it monitors the policies of the investment 
managers in respect of the UK Stewardship Code. Elsewhere 
in the world it can be more difficult to vote shares as each 
country has its own rules and practices regarding shareholder 
notification, voting restrictions, registration conditions and 
share blocking, including, for example, dealing constraints. 
Therefore, w hilst the Company’s investment managers are 
apprised of the Company’s approach to the stewardship of its 
assets and the importance of sound corporate governance, 
they use their discretion according to their knowledge of 
the relevant circumstances. The investment managers 
report their compliance with the UK Stewardship Code, or 
equivalent legislation, to the Audit Committee each year.

In respect of the direct investments held, the Company’s 
executive management maintains regular touch with the 
management of the investee holdings and engages when 
issues arise that are controversial or potentially prejudicial 
to the interests of Witan’s shareholders. An annual report is 
provided to the Audit Committee in compliance with the UK 
Stewardship Code. 

The Company does not have an internal audit function. It 
delegates to third parties the management of its investments 
and most of its other operations and employs only a small 
staff. The investment managers and certain other key 
contractors are subject to external regulation and most have 
compliance and internal audit functions of their own. The 
Company’s investments are held on its behalf by a global 
custodian. A specialist firm of investment accountants and 
administrators is responsible for investment administration, 
for maintaining accounting records and for preparing 
financial accounts, management accounts and other 
management information. Their work is reviewed by an 
independent accountant who also carries out some of the 
work that an internal audit function would cover. In addition, 
the Board receives from the investment administrator an 
annual report on its internal controls, including a report 
from its auditor on the control policies and procedures in 
operation. The investment performance of the investment 
managers, both individually and collectively, is measured
for Witan by a company that is independent of all the 
investment managers. The corporate company secretary 
is a company with well-established experience in servicing 
investment trusts. 

The appointment of these and other professional contractors 
provides a clear separation of duties and a structure of 
internal controls that is balanced and robust. The Board will 
continue to monitor its system of internal control in order 
to provide assurance that it operates as intended and the 
directors will review at least annually whether a function 
equivalent to an internal audit is needed. 

Stewardship and the Exercise of Voting Powers
It is the Board’s view that, in order to achieve long-term 
success, companies need to maintain high standards 
of corporate governance and corporate responsibility. 
Therefore Witan expects the companies in which it 
is invested to comply with best practice in corporate 
governance matters, or to provide adequate explanation of 
any areas in which they fail to comply, whilst recognising 
that a different approach may be justified in special 
circumstances. In respect of UK companies, current best 
practice in corporate governance matters is set out in the UK 
Corporate Governance Code. 

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

41

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of the audit committee

 Statement by the Chairma n  of the Committee

  As Chairman of the Audit Committee (“the Committee”), I am 
pleased to present the Report of the Committee for the year 
ended 31 December 2013.

Composition and responsibilities of the Committee
The Committee comprises three non-executive directors, 
including its Chairman, who are appointed by the Board.
I was appointed Chairman of the Committee in 2007. The 
Board has taken note   of the requirement that at least 
one member of the Committee should have recent and 
relevant financial experience and is satisfied that the 
Committee is properly constituted in this respect, as I 
am a Chartered Accountant and was previously a partner 
in PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. Mr Watson, who was 
appointed to the Committee in 2006, was a member of the 
Committee throughout the year. Mr Bruce was appointed to 
the Committee in 2002 and retired as a director in April 2013. 
Mrs Claydon was appointed to the Committee in August 
2013. Details of their qualifications and experience are given 
on page s 26 and 27. 

The role of the  Committee is to assist the directors in 
applying financial reporting and internal control principles 
and to maintain an appropriate relationship with the Group’s 
auditor. The Committee’s role and responsibilities are set out 
in its terms of reference, which comply with the UK Corporate 
Governance Code. The terms of reference are available on 
request from the Company Secretary and can be seen on 
the Company’s website (www.witan.com). In summary, the 
Committee is responsible for monitoring the integrity of the 
Company’s financial statements, including consideration of 
the Company’s accounting policies and significant reporting 
judgements. It reviews the Company’s internal financial 
controls and risk management systems using an external 
consultant where appropriate.

Risk
Management has identified (Strateg ic Report pages  18 to 
20) four main areas of risk: Market and Investment Portfolio, 
Operational, Corporate Governance  and Accounting, 
Legal and Regulatory  and has set out the actions taken to 
 evaluate and manage these risks. The Auditors have also 
detailed two specific areas of risk in their report: Investmen t 
   valuation and liquidity and  ownership of investments 
and have set out the work they have performed to satisfy 
themselves that these have been properly reflected in the 
financial statements. The  Committee reviews the various 
actions(cid:123)taken and satisfies itself that they are sufficient: 
in(cid:123)particular the Committee reviews management’s Risk 
Report at each meeting and requires amendments to both 
risks and mitigation actions if appropriate.

Meetings of the Committee
The Committee held three meetings during 2013, in February, 
August and November and also met in February 2014. 
Representatives of the external auditor were present at the 
meetings held in February 2013 and 2014 and November 
2013. I report to the Board after each meeting on the main 
matters discussed at the meeting. In summary, the main 
matters dealt with at these meetings were as follows:

> 

> 

  Assessment of the controls to ensure the  ownership, 
valuation and liquidity of investments: this includes 
assessing management reports on the controls and
procedures of external managers and the external 
custodian/administrator and the review of the audit 
work performed. No significant issues were identified.
  Interim and year end reporting, in the light of the 
requirements of the revised Code of Corporate 
Governance issued by the(cid:123)AIC, the Financial Reporting 
Council’s revised Guidance on Audit Committees and 
the requirement for(cid:123)a Strategic Report. The Committee 
agreed the process, timing and responsibility for 
compliance, and in particular ensured that there was a 
fuller explanation of the impact of the Company’s use 
of derivatives.

42

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 
> 

> 

 A variety of more detailed matters including internal 
controls, whistleblowing, anti-money laundering 
compliance, data protection and business continuity.
 In the light of the relative simplicity of the operations 
and the use of independent external consultants to 
advise on regulatory compliance and adherence to 
internal procedures, it was concluded that no internal 
audit function was required (see page 41).

External audit
The Committee reviews the scope and effectiveness of the 
audit process, including agreeing the auditor’s assessments 
of materiality, and monitors the auditor’s independence and 
objectivity. It conducted a formal review of the performance 
of the auditor during the year and concluded that 
performance was satisfactory and there were no grounds for 
change. 

Deloitte & Touche, a predecessor firm of Deloitte LLP, was 
first appointed as the Company’s auditor in March 1997. 
The audit was subject to competitive tender in 2007, at 
which time Deloitte LLP was reappointed. T he Committee 
reviews the performance of the auditors annually. Relevant 
guidance on audit rotation will be complied with when this 
has been finalised.

The Committee approved the proposed audit fee . There is a 
rule that a specified engagement of the auditor to provide 
non-audit services cannot exceed 50% of the annual audit 
fees without Committee approval. As noted in note  5 on
page  68, the Committee approved the appointment of 
Deloitte LLP to provide advice on one-off withholding tax 
claims for a fee of £15,000. The appointment, which was 
made on a one-off basis, was awarded on a competitive basis 
and the Committee satisfied itself that Deloitte’s audit team 
and tax advisory team were independent of each other. 

Financial Statements
The Board has requested the  Committee to confirm that in 
its opinion the Board can make the required statement that 
the Annual Report taken as a whole is fair, balanced and 
understandable and provides the information necessary 
for shareholders to assess the Company’s performance, 
business model and strategy. The Committee has given 
this confirmation on the basis of its review of the whole 
document, underpinned by involvement in the planning 
for its preparation, review of the processes to assure the 
accuracy of factual content, and by assurances from the 
Remuneration and Nomination Committee.

Approval
This report was approved by the Committee on  10 March 
2014 and is signed on its behalf by:

Robert Boyle
Chairman of the Audit Committee

 1 1 March 2014

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

43

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ remuneration report

 Chairma n’s statement 

Introduction
As Chairman of the Remuneration and Nomination Committee 
(“the Committee”), I am pleased to present the Directors’ 
Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2013.  

This report covers the remuneration-related activities of the 
Committee for the year ended 31 December 2013.  It sets out 
the remuneration policy and remuneration details for the 
non-executive and executive directors of the Company.  
It has been prepared in accordance with the Large and 
Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and 
Reports) (Amendment Regulations) 2013 (the “Regulations”) 
which came into force on 1 October 2013 and the requirements 
of the Association of Investment Companies. This is the 
first time that the Company has been required to report 
in accordance with the Regulations.  The report is split into 
three main areas: this statement from me as Chairman of 
the Committee, an annual report on remuneration and a 
policy report. The policy report will be subject to a binding 
shareholder vote at the Annual General Meeting in 2014 
and will take effect from 1 January 2015. The annual 
report on remuneration provides details on remuneration 
in the financial year ending 31 December 2013 and other 
information required by the Regulations. It will be subject to 
an advisory vote at the Annual General Meeting in 2014.

The Companies Act 2006 requires the auditors to report to 
shareholders on certain parts of the Directors’ Remuneration 
Report and to state whether, in their opinion, those parts of 
the report have been properly prepared in accordance with 
the Regulations. The parts of the annual report on remuneration 
that are subject to audit are indicated in the report. 

Role of the Committee
It was agreed during the year that the Committee should 
be renamed the Remuneration and Nomination Committee 
(formerly the Remuneration Committee) to reflect its role 
more accurately.

The remuneration-related role of the Committee is essentially 
twofold. First, it has a role in respect of executive remuneration, 
assisting the directors in determining the remuneration of the 
Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) and evaluating his 
performance; and assisting the CEO in determining the 
remuneration arrangements for the Company’s staff. Second, 
in respect of the non-executive directors, it serves as the Board’s 
nomination committee with responsibility for reviewing the 
effectiveness and composition of the Board and considering 
the remuneration of the non-executive directors. The 
Committee’s role and responsibilities are set out in its terms 
of reference, which are available on request from the Company 
Secretary and can be found on the Company’s website. 

44

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

The Committee normally consists of three non-executive 
directors, including its Chairman, who are appointed by the 
Board. During the year I served as Chairman of the Committee 
and Mr H M Henderson and Mr R J Oldfield were members of 
the Committee. I was appointed to the Committee, and to act 
as its Chairman, in 2009. Mr Henderson and Mr Oldfield were 
appointed to the Committee in 2003 and 2011 respectively.

The Committee’s programme is to meet formally at least twice 
a year and on such other occasions as required. The Committee 
held two formal meetings during the year, during which it 
addressed all the remuneration-related matters under its remit. 

There have been no substantial changes in the Company’s 
approach to the remuneration of the CEO, or the fees payable 
to non-executive directors, during the year. In February 2014, 
the Committee undertook a review of the non-executive 
directors’ fees. The Committee’s recommendation, to which 
the Board agreed, was for non-executive directors’ fees to be 
increased with effect from 1 April 2014 by £3,000 per annum 
in respect of the non-executive directors other than the 
Chairman and £5,000 per annum in respect of the Chairman 
of the Company. The additional fee payable to the Chairman 
of the Audit Committee was increased from £4,000 to £6,000 
per annum. This will be the first increase since 1 April 2011. 
Accordingly, with effect from 1 April 2014, the non-executive 
directors’ fees will be paid at the following annual rates:                   

 Chairman of the Compan y 
 Chairman of the Audit Committee  
Chairman of the Remuneration 
    and Nomination Committee  
 Senior Independent Director  
 Other non-executive directors  

£
57,000  
 36,000 

34,000
34,000 
30,000  

 The implementation of the Alternative Investment Fund 
Managers Directive is expected to result in additional duties 
for non-executive directors. The degree to which this is 
required will be reviewed after the future regulatory structure 
has taken full effect to determine what, if any, additional 
remuneration may be appropriate.

The aggregate non-executive directors’ fees currently 
amount to £225,500 per annum. This will increase to 
£251,000 with effect from 1 April 2014.

The Company’s Articles of Association currently limit the 
aggregate fees payable to the non-executive directors to 
£300,000 per annum. The Board has agreed to seek an 
increase in this limit and a resolution will be put to the Annual 
General Meeting in April 2014 which, if passed, will increase 
the aggregate maximum to £350,000 per annum. 

Catherine Claydon
Chairman of the Remuneration and Nomination Committee

 
 
 
Annual Report on Remuneration

This is the first occasion that we have submitted an annual 
report in accordance with the new Regulations. An ordinary 
resolution for the approval of this section of the report 
(together with the Chairman’s statement  on page 44) will be 
put to members at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

The following section sets out the executive director’s and 
the non-executive directors’ remuneration for the year 
ending 31 December 2013. The information provided in this 
part of the Report has been audited by Deloitte LLP. 

Single Total Figure Table for the Year (Audited) 
Non-executive directors
The following table shows the single figure of remuneration 
of the non-executive directors for the financial year ending 
31 December 2013, together with the comparative figures 
for 2012: 

H M Henderson
J E B Bevan
R A Bruce (1)
R W Boyle
M C Claydon
S E G A Neubert (2)
R J Oldfield
A Watson
Total

  31 December
2013
 Fees and total
Remuneration
£ (3)
51,500
27,000
 9,000
31,000
31,000
 27,000
27,000
 31,000
 234,500

  31 December
2012
 Fees and total
Remuneration
£ (3)
51,500
27,000
27,000
31,000
31,000
20,250
27,000
31,000
245,750

Notes:
1.  R A Bruce retired on 30 April 2013.
2. 
3. 

S E G A Neubert became a non-executive director on 2 April 2012.
 The non-executive directors are not entitled to any variable payments or benefits.  No taxable benefits were paid in the year, although all reasonably incurred 
business expenses will be met. 

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

45

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
Directors’ remuneration report continued

CEO
The following table shows a single total figure of remuneration in respect of qualifying services for the financial year ending 
31 December 2013 for the CEO, Mr A L C Bell, together with the comparative figures for 2012. Aggregate emoluments are 
shown in the last column of the table.

Mr A L C Bell

Base pay(1)
£
2013

2012 
252,000 245,440 

Benefits(2)
£
2013 

Long- Term
Bonus(3)
£
2013 
 12,006  10,559 119,700 106,204 80,952

Annual Bonus(3)
£
2013

2012 

2012

Pension related 
benefits
£
2013

Total
£
2013 

2012

2012
16,764 22,144 21,568   486,802  400,535

2012 

Notes:
(1) 

 Mr Bell is entitled to hold outside appointments and to retain any fees payable, subject to receiving the Board’s permission. During 2013, in addition to the base 
salary set out above, Mr Bell received £55,750 in respect of his directorships of Henderson High Income Trust plc and the Association of Investment Companies. 

(2)  Taxable benefits include life assurance and health insurance 
(3) 

 Mr Bell’s service agreement, as amended, provides that he is eligible to receive a bonus of up to 100% of his basic salary. The cash bonus arrangement consists of 
three separate elements:

(i)  Discretionary bonus

 For a description of the terms of the discretionary bonus (including the performance measures), please see the policy report. The Committee reviewed 
Mr Bell’s performance against the performance criteria, described on page 52, over the preceding year at its meeting in February 2014 to determine the 
appropriate level of the discretionary bonus that is payable for that year. The Committee recommended, and the Board agreed, that Mr Bell should receive a 
discretionary bonus equal to 17.5% of his basic salary (£44,100) in respect of the financial year ended 31 December 2013 (2012: 20%, £49,088).

(ii)  One-year performance bonus

 For a description of the terms of the one-year performance bonus (including the performance measures), please see the policy report. The Company 
outperformed its benchmark in 2013 by 7.0 % (net asset value debt at par, excluding the effect of share buy-backs) and therefore a bonus of £75,600 will 
be (cid:123)paid to Mr Bell based on the Company’s financial performance for the year ending 31 December 2013 (2012: 1.98%, £57,116).

(iii)  Three -year performance bonus (the “Long-Term Bonus”)

 For a description of the terms of the three-year performance bonus (including the performance measures), please see the policy report. The Company has 
outperformed its benchmark over the three financial years to 31 December 2013 by 5. 8% (net asset value debt at par, excluding the effect of share buy-backs) 
and therefore a  Long-Term Bonus of £80,952 will be paid to Mr Bell (2012: 1.29%, £16,764).

Mr Bell’s total variable remuneration in respect of the year ended 31 December 2013 is £200,652 (2012: £122,968). 

 As in previous years, payment of the discretionary bonus and the one-year performance bonus will be partly deferred, with half paid in March 2014 and the 
remaining half in January 2015, subject to continuing employment. The Long-Term Bonus of £80,952 is payable in March 2014.

Scheme interests awarded during the financial year
No directors were awarded any interest over shares in the 
Company during the financial year ending 31 December 
2013. 

Payments to past directors 
No payments were made to former directors of the Company 
during the financial year ending 31 December 2013 (2012: 
£nil). 

Payments for loss of office
No loss of office payments were made to any person who has 
previously served as a director of the Company at any time 
during the financial year ending 31 December 2013 (2012: 
£nil).

Statement of directors’ shareholdings
The interests of the CEO and the non-executive directors 
(including connected persons) in the Company’s ordinary 
shares are shown below. No share options or other
share-based awards, with or without performance measures, 
were awarded to the CEO or to any non-executive director. 

46

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

There are no requirements or guidelines for the CEO or the 
non-executive directors to own shares in the Company. 

A L C Bell
H M Henderson
J E B Bevan
R W Boyle
R A Bruce (retired 30 April 2013)
M C Claydon
S E G A Neubert
R J Oldfield
A Watson

Shares held 
as at
31 December 
2013

Shares held 
as at
31 December 
2012

120,000
1,155,232(1)

110,000
1,155,232(1)

–
17,198
n/a
46,929
4,309
21,500
25,000

–
14,935
3,546
43,093
–
21,500
25,000

Notes:
(1) 

 H M Henderson is the legal and beneficial owner of 722,732 shares in the 
Company and 432,500 shares in the Company are owned by connected 
persons. 

There have not been any changes in the directors’ interests 
since the year end.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 None of the directors had an interest in the secured bonds, 
debenture stock or preference shares of the Company.

Total Shareholder Return performance graph
The line graph below sets out the Company’s five-year 
total shareholder return performance relative to the FTSE 
A ll-Share Index and the FTSE World (ex UK) Index (sterling 
adjusted). This line graph assumes a notional investment 
of £1  00 into the Indices on 31 December 2008 and the 
reinvestment of all income, excluding dealing expenses. 

Percentage change in remuneration of CEO
The table below shows how the percentage change in the 
CEO’s salary, benefits and bonus between 2012 and 2013 
 compares with the percentage increase in each of those 
components of pay for the  Group’s employees taken as 
a (cid:123)whole: 

FTSE All-Share Total Return

Witan Total Return

FTSE World (ex UK) Total Return

Benchmark

Salary and fees

All taxable benefits

Annual bonuses (discretionary 
and one-year performance)

Long- Term  Bonus

Total

Percentage increase 
in remuneration in 
2013 compared with 
remuneration in 2012

CEO
%

3

14

13

383

23

Employees
%

4

27

(8)

n/a

3

225

200

175

150

125

100

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Source: Datastream

 The Company is required to compare the Company’s share 
price with a single broad equity market index. The Company 
has compared the share price total return against (i) a UK 
market index, namely the FTSE All-Share Index because the 
Company’s shares are listed on the UK market and the UK 
forms the largest constituent of the Company’s benchmark; 
and also  (ii) a global index, namely the FTSE World (ex UK) 
Index because more than half of the Company’s investments 
are held in overseas companies. The performance of the 
Company’s benchmark is also shown. 

 CEO remuneration table 

Annual 
discretionary 
and one-year 
bonus
pay-out against 
maximum 
%
95.0
86.5
40.0
100.0
15.0
30.0

CEO single
figure of total 
remuneration
£
 486,802
400,535
314,160
409,495
111,318
253,273

Long-term 
bonus 
pay-out 
against 
maximum
%
64.2
13. 7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a

Year ended 31 December
2013 – Mr Bell
2012 – Mr Bell
2011 – Mr Bell
2010 – Mr Bell
2010 – Mr Clarke(1)
2009 – Mr Clarke(1)

Note
(1)  Mr R E Clarke was the CEO until 8 February 2010, when Mr Bell was appointed.

Relative importance of spend on pay

Spend
Fees of non-executive directors
Remuneration paid to or 
receivable by all employees of 
the  Group (including the CEO) 
in respect of the year
D ividends paid to shareholders 
 in respect of the year  ending
31 December 2013
Share buybacks
Total payments to shareholders

2013
£000
235

2012 Difference
£000
£000
(11)
246

1, 0 89(1)

647

44  2

 27,243  25,079
 4,437  10,777
31,680 35,856

 2,164
 (2) 

 (1)  Includes an accrual for future payment of the CEO’s three year performance 

bonus, subject to performance being sustained and  to his continued 
employment with the Company.

(2)  Share buyback activity reflects changes in the discount, which narrowed during 

the year (see further comments on page 5).

Statement of implementation of remuneration policy in 
2014
The Company will not be formally implementing the 
approved remuneration policy in the current financial year, as 
the approved remuneration policy will not take effect until
1 January 2015, although details of the fee increases for 2014 
are set out in the Chairman’s statement. 

Consideration by the directors of matters relating to 
directors’ remuneration
The Board as a whole sets the fees that are payable to the 
non-executive directors and it has appointed the Committee 
to consider matters relating thereto. The Committee 
also considers the remuneration of the CEO and makes a 
recommendation on this to the Board for its approval.

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

47

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 Directors’ remuneration report continued

Remuneration Policy

This is the first occasion that we have submitted this report 
on our remuneration policy in accordance with the new 
Regulations. There has not been any significant change in 
policy from the previous year.

An ordinary resolution for the approval of this policy will be 
put to members at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting 
and, if the resolution is passed by the members, this policy 
will take effect from 1 January 2015. All provisions of this 
policy are expected to remain in effect until the Annual 
General Meeting in 2017 when the Company is next required 
to submit its remuneration policy to its members.

The terms of the CEO’s Long-Term Bonus was specifically 
approved at the 2013 Annual General Meeting. 

Non-executive directors
All the directors are non-executive, with the exception of the 
CEO. New directors are appointed for an initial term ending 
three years from the date of their first annual general meeting 
after appointment and with the expectation that they will 
serve two three-year terms. The continuation of directors’ 
appointments is contingent on satisfactory performance 
evaluation and re-election at annual general meetings.
Non-executive directors’ appointments are reviewed formally 
every three years by the Board as a whole. Each of the
non-executive directors has a letter of appointment which 
sets out the terms on which they provide their services. A
non-executive director may resign by notice in writing to the 
Board at any time; there are no set notice periods.

The Committee was not provided with advice or services, 
during the financial year ending 31 December 2013, in 
respect of the fees payable to the non-executive directors or 
the remuneration payable to the CEO. 

The Committee assesses the workload and responsibilities of 
the non-executive directors and reviews, from time to time, 
the fees paid to non-executive directors of other investment 
trust companies.

Herbert Smith Freehills LLP provided legal advice to the 
Company throughout the year, including in relation to the 
operation of the Company’s incentive arrangements and on 
the CEO’s service agreements. This advice was available to be 
considered by the Committee. 

The table below sets out the members of the Committee 
who were present during any consideration of the CEO’s 
remuneration, and shows the number of meetings attended 
by each non-executive director:

Name

M C Claydon
H M Henderson
R J Oldfield

Number of meetings 
attended

2/2
2/2
2/2

Statement of shareholder voting
At the Annual General Meeting held on 30 April 2013, an 
ordinary resolution to approve the Directors’ Remuneration 
Report for the year ended 31 December 2012 was passed on a 
show of hands. The proxy votes were as follows:

Votes
 for

Votes
against

26,102,706 373,253

98.3%

1.4%

Votes at 
proxies’ 
discretion
78,499
0.3%

Total 
votes cast 
(excluding 
votes 
withheld)

Votes 
withheld
360,870 26,554,458

–

100%

The Company is committed to on-going shareholder dialogue 
and takes an active interest in voting outcomes. Where 
there are substantial votes against resolutions in relation 
to directors’ remuneration, the reasons for any such vote 
will be sought and any actions in response will be detailed 
in future Remuneration Reports. There were no substantial  
shareholder votes against the resolution at the Annual 
General Meeting in 2013.

48

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 
 
Remuneration policy for non-executive directors
The following table provides a summary of the key elements of the remuneration of the non-executive directors:

Purpose

Operation

Fees

Fees payable to the directors should reflect the time 
committed to the Company’s affairs and should be 
sufficient to enable candidates of high calibre to be 
recruited.

There are no performance-related elements and no 
fees are subject to claw-back provisions.

Non-executive directors are to be remunerated 
in the form of fees, payable  monthly in arrears, to 
the director personally or to a third party specified 
by him. There are no long-term incentive schemes 
or pension arrangements and the fees are not 
specifically related to their performance, either 
individually or collectively.

The Committee determines the level of fee at 
its discretion. The fees are reviewed each year, 
although such review will not necessarily result in 
any increase in the fees. Proposed increases in fees 
are  determined in the light of increases in inflation 
and in the Company’s share price, net asset value 
and dividend payments.

The Chairman of the Board, the Chairmen of the 
Board’s Committees and the Senior Independent 
Director are paid higher fees than the other 
non-executive directors in recognition of their 
more(cid:123)onerous roles (see below).

The Chairman of the Board receives a fee of 
£57,000 per annum. The Senior Independent 
Director receives a fee of £4,000 in addition to the 
annual base fee. 

Each non-executive director’s annual base fee is 
£30,000.

Additional fees are payable as follows:

>  Chairman of Audit Committee £6,000;

> 

 Chairman of Remuneration and Nomination 
Committee £4,000.

All of the above fees will take effect on 1 April 
2014. The maximum amount of fees, in aggregate, 
that may be paid to non-executive directors in any 
financial year is £300,000 (although a resolution 
has been put to the Annual General Meeting in April 
2014 which, if passed, will increase the aggregate 
maximum to £350,000).

Directors’ and officers’ liability insurance cover is held by the Company in respect of all the directors (including the CEO).

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

49

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 Directors’ remuneration report continued

Remuneration policy for the CEO (and any future executive director)
Currently the Company operates with one executive director, the CEO. This policy applies to the CEO, but would also be 
applied to any other executive director appointed by the Company.

Purpose and link to 
strategy

Operation and
claw-back

Maximum
opportunity

Performance measures

Not applicable.

Base salary

Base salary is set at 
market competitive 
levels in order to recruit 
and retain an executive 
director of a suitably 
high calibre. 

The level of pay reflects 
a number of factors 
including individual 
experience, expertise 
and pay appropriate to 
the position.

Benefits in 
kind

Offering market-
competitive level of 
benefits-in-kind to 
help recruit or retain an 
executive director of a 
suitably high calibre.

Pension

Offering market-
competitive levels 
of guaranteed cash 
earnings to help recruit 
or retain an executive 
director of a suitably 
high calibre.

Base salary is reviewed 
annually and fixed for
12 months.

The Committee has 
agreed to increase the 
CEO’s salary, with effect 
from 1 January 2014, by 
6.3% to £268,000 per 
annum. 

 Year-on-year, salary 
increases for any 
executive director will not 
exceed  10% per annum 
other than in times 
of abnormal inflation 
or other exceptional 
circumstances, in which 
case the increase will not 
exceed 20%. 

An executive director 
may be eligible to receive 
a range of benefits 
including some or all of:

The maximum benefit 
that can be offered or 
paid to an executive 
director is:

Not applicable.

> 

> 

> 

 private medical 
insurance for the 
executive director 
and their family;

 death in service 
insurance;

 business-related 
expenses.

Where benefits are 
sourced through third 
party providers, the 
expense will reflect the 
cost of the provision of 
the benefits from time 
to time but will be kept 
under review by the 
Committee.

The CEO currently 
receives a cash payment, 
equal to  10% (8.7% to 
31(cid:123)December 2013) of 
base salary, in lieu of 
pension contributions.

> 

> 

 private medical 
insurance provided 
on a family basis;

 death in service 
insurance of 
 4 times base 
salary ;

> 

 business-related 
expenses.

The maximum cash 
payment in lieu of 
pension contributions is 
10% of base salary.

Not applicable.

50

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Purpose and link to 
strategy

Operation and
claw-back

Maximum
opportunity

Performance measures

The maximum cash 
bonus payable to any 
executive director is  20% 
of base salary.

Please see Note 1  on 
page 52 for details of the 
performance measures 
subject to the CEO’s 
 discretionary bonus.

The maximum cash 
bonus payable to any 
executive director is 30% 
of base salary.

Please see Note 1  on 
page 52 for details of the 
performance measures 
subject to the CEO’s 
 one-year performance 
bonus.

The maximum cash 
bonus payable to any 
executive director is 50% 
of base salary.

Please see Note 1  on 
page 52 for details of the 
performance measures 
subject to the CEO’s 
Long-Term Bonus.

 Discretionary 
bonus

The purpose of the 
bonus arrangements is 
to incentivise the CEO to 
maximise the Company’s 
performance and its 
return to shareholders.

One-year 
performance 
bonus

The purpose of the 
bonus arrangements is 
to incentivise the CEO to 
maximise the Company’s 
performance and its 
return to shareholders

Long-Term 
Bonus

The purpose of the 
bonus arrangements is 
to incentivise the CEO to 
maximise the Company’s 
performance and its 
return to shareholders.

The CEO is eligible to 
receive a discretionary 
bonus of up to  20% of 
basic annual salary. The 
Committee will review 
the CEO’s performance 
against the performance 
criteria to determine 
the appropriate level of 
bonus payable in respect 
of the preceding year.

The Committee may 
reduce any bonus 
payment that would 
otherwise be payable in 
order to comply with the 
FCA Remuneration Code.  

The CEO is eligible to 
receive  a bonus of up 
to  30% of base salary 
by reference to the 
performance of the 
Company over the 
previous financial year.

The Committee may 
reduce any bonus 
payment that would 
otherwise be payable in 
order to comply with the 
FCA Remuneration Code.

The CEO is eligible to 
receive a bonus of up 
to 50% of base salary 
by reference to the 
performance of the 
Company over the 
previous three financial 
years. 

The Committee may 
reduce any bonus 
payment that would 
otherwise be payable in 
order to comply with the 
FCA Remuneration Code.

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

51

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                       
 Directors’ remuneration report continued

Notes:

Performance measures

1. 
Mr Bell’s service agreement, as amended, provides that he is 
eligible to receive a bonus of up to 100% of his basic salary. 
The cash bonus arrangement consists of three separate 
elements as set out below:

(i)  Discretionary bonus
Each year Mr Bell is eligible to receive, at the absolute 
discretion of the Committee, a cash bonus of up to 20% of 
his basic annual salary. The Committee has determined a 
number of criteria that it may take into account, including 
the management and administration of the Company and 
reporting to the Board, shareholders and other stakeholders, 
on which to judge his performance. 

 One-year performance bonus

(ii) 
Each year Mr Bell is eligible to receive an additional cash 
bonus of up to 30% of his basic annual salary. The bonus 
will be determined by the Company’s net asset value per 
share total return performance over the previous financial 
year (debt at par, excluding the effect of share buy-backs) 
relative to its benchmark. Outperformance of the benchmark 
by 2.5% or more will generate a bonus of the full 30%. No 
bonus is payable if performance is in line with or below that 
of the benchmark. Relative performance of between nil and 
2.5% will generate a pro rata bonus. (The benchmark is a 
composite of 40% FTSE All-Share Index, 20% FTSE All-World 
North America Index, 20% FTSE All-World Europe (ex UK) 
Index and 20% FTSE All-World Asia Pacific Index, all on a 
total return basis.)

(iii)  Three -year performance bonus (the “Long-Term 
Bonus”)
Each year Mr Bell is eligible to receive a Long-Term Bonus 
of up to 50% of his basic annual salary by reference to the 
Company’s performance over the previous three financial 
years. The Long-Term Bonus will be determined by reference 
to the Company’s net asset value per share total return (debt 
at par, excluding the effect of share buy-backs) relative to 
its benchmark, as set out in the Company’s audited annual 
accounts for the applicable financial years. Outperformance 
of the benchmark by an average of 3% per annum or more 
will generate a bonus of the full 50%. No bonus is payable if 
performance is in line with or below that of the benchmark. 
Relative performance of between nil and 3% per annum will 
generate a pro rata bonus. 

The Long-Term Bonus will be halved if, despite 
outperformance of the benchmark over the relevant three 
financial years, the Company’s net asset value total return 
per share is negative over that period. The Long-Term Bonus 

was introduced in 2011 and paid, for the first time, in May 
2013 following shareholder approval of the terms of the 
Long-Term Bonus at the Annual General Meeting, in respect 
of the three financial years ended 31 December 2012. 

Legacy plans

2. 
The Committee reserves the right to make remuneration 
payments and payments for loss of office that are not in line 
with the policy set out above (i) where the terms of such a 
payment were agreed before the policy came into effect or 
at a time when the relevant individual was not a director of 
the Company and (ii) in the opinion of the Committee, such 
a payment is not in consideration of the individual becoming 
a director of the Company. For these purposes, payments 
include the Committee satisfying awards of variable 
remuneration.

Differences in the Company’s remuneration policy 

3. 
for directors as compared to employees
 The only respect in which the remuneration policy for the 
executive director differs from that for employees  is that the 
executive director’s remuneration is more heavily weighted 
towards variable pay so that a greater proportion of his pay is 
related to the Company’s performance and the value created 
for shareholders.

Principles and approach to recruitment and internal 
promotion of directors
Non-executive directors
1) 

 Remuneration of non-executive directors should 
reflect the specific circumstances of the Company and 
the duties and responsibilities of the non-executive 
directors. It should provide appropriate compensation 
for the experience and time committed to the proper 
oversight of the affairs of the Company.

2) 

3) 

4) 

 Non-executive directors are not eligible to receive 
bonuses, pension benefits, share options or other 
benefits.

 The total remuneration of the non-executive directors 
is determined by the provisions of the Company’s 
Articles of Association and by shareholder resolution.

 The basic non-executive director’s fee will be paid 
to each non-executive director with a higher fee per 
annum for the Chairman of the Company. An additional 
fee per annum will be paid to the Chairman of each 
of the Audit and Remuneration and Nomination 
Committees and to the Chairman of any other 
Committees that the Company forms; and to the Senior 
Independent Director. 

52

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 
Executive directors 
1) 

 When hiring a new executive director, or promoting to 
the Board from within the Group, the Committee will 
offer a package that is sufficient to retain and motivate 
and, if relevant, attract the right talent whilst paying no 
more than is necessary.

2) 

3) 

4) 

 Ordinarily, remuneration for a new executive director 
will be in line with the policy set out in the table. 

 The maximum level of variable pay that may be 
awarded to a new director on recruitment or on 
promotion to the Board shall be limited to  100% of base 
salary (calculated at the date of grant, excluding any 
buy-out awards – see below). 

 The Committee may, where it considers it to be in the 
best interests of the Company and shareholders, offer 
an additional cash payment to an executive director in 
order to replace awards which would be foregone by 
the individual on leaving his/her previous employment 
(i.e. buy-out arrangements) which will be intended to 
mirror forfeited awards as far as possible by reflecting 
the value, nature, time horizons and performance 
measures.   

Letters of appointment/Service contract 
Non-executive directors’ letters of appointment
The non-executive directors all have letters of appointment, 
which may be inspected at the Company’s registered office. 
None of the non-executive directors is subject to any notice 
period. All continuing non-executive directors are required to 
stand for re-election by the shareholders at least every three 
years. The initial period of appointment is two terms of three 
years. All reasonably incurred expenses will be met.

Mr Henderson, Mr Oldfield and Mr Watson are proposed for 
re-election at the Annual General Meeting in April 2014. 

CEO’s service contract 
The CEO’s service contract with the Company may be 
inspected at the Company’s registered office. The CEO’s 
service agreement dated 3 February 2010, as amended, 
provide d in 2013 for a salary of £252,000 (2012: £245,440) 
per annum. The salary has been increased to £268,000 with 
effect from 1 January 2014. Mr Bell’s appointment may be 
terminated by either party on the giving or receiving of not 
less than nine months’ written notice.

Please see “Policy on payment for loss of office” (below) for 
further details of the CEO’s service contract.

 Illustration of application of remuneration policy
The chart below shows an indication of the values of the 
CEO’s remuneration that would be received by the CEO in 
accordance with the director’s remuneration policy for the 
first full year in which the policy applies at three direct levels 
of performance:

 > 

> 

> 

s
0
0
0
£

’

600

550

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

 minimum performance, i.e. fixed salary, taxable 
benefits and payment in lieu of pension contributions, 
with no bonus pay-out;

 on-target performance, fixed pay plus short and
long-term bonus payments assuming a 50% pay out 
of each of the discretionary, one year performance and 
Long-Term bonuses; and 

 maximum performance, fixed pay plus short and
long-term bonus payments assuming 100% pay-out 
of each of the discretionary, one year performance and 
Long-Term bonuses.

Fixed pay
Discretionary bonus
One year performance bonus
Long-Term bonus

£412,150

15.3%

9.2%
6.1%

£286,150

£538,150

23.4%

14.0%

9.4%

100%

69.4%

53.2%

Minimum performance

On target performance

Maximum performance

Policy on payment for loss of office
Non-executive directors
None of the non-executive directors is subject to any notice 
period. It is the Company’s policy not to enter into any 
arrangement with any of the non-executive directors to 
entitle any of the non-executive directors to compensation 
for loss of office.

CEO (and other executive directors)
The Company’s policy is to agree a notice period for the CEO 
which would not exceed   nine months. 

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

53

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ remuneration report continued

the applicable bonus shall become payable to the extent 
determined at the time of the change of control on, or as 
soon as practicable after, the CEO’s cessation of employment. 

Statement of consideration of conditions elsewhere in the 
Company 
The Committee considers the employment conditions, 
including salary increases, of employees other than the CEO 
when setting the CEO’s remuneration.

The Company did not consult with employees when drawing 
up the remuneration policy.

Where possible, the Committee benchmarks the 
remuneration of the employees and CEO by obtaining details 
of remuneration paid to employees in comparable roles in 
other companies.

Statement of consideration of shareholder views
The Company places great importance on communication 
with its shareholders. The Company had frequent meetings 
with institutional shareholders and City analysts throughout 
the year to 31 December 2013 and met with shareholders in 
general at the Annual General Meeting held in 2013 and can 
confirm that it is not aware of negative views being expressed 
by shareholders in relation to its policy on Directors’ 
Remuneration.  

Approval
This report was approved by the Board of directors on 
 10(cid:123)March 2014 and is signed on its behalf by:

Catherine Claydon 
Chairman of the Remuneration and Nomination Committee
 1 1 March 2014

The Company may, in its absolute discretion and without 
any obligation to do so, terminate the CEO’s employment 
immediately by giving him written notice together with a 
payment of such sum as would have been payable by the 
Company to the CEO as salary (excluding future bonus 
accrual) in respect of his notice period. The Company may,  at 
its discretion, make the termination payment in instalments 
over a period of no longer than six months from the 
termination date and on terms that any payment should be 
reduced to take account of mitigation by the CEO.

If a new executive director is recruited, the Company’s policy 
regarding payments for loss of office will be the same as for 
the CEO.

If the CEO ceases employment as a result of one of the 
good leaver reasons (i.e. death, ill-health, injury, disability, 
redundancy, retirement or due to any other circumstance 
that the Committee at its discretion permits), any bonus 
payment shall be pro-rated for time and performance. The 
Committee may, however, taking into account such factors 
as it considers appropriate, increase the proportion of the 
relevant bonus that becomes payable. If the CEO ceases 
employment other than as a “good leaver”, or if the CEO gives 
or receives notice prior to the date that the relevant bonus 
would otherwise have been paid, the CEO will forfeit any right 
to receive the relevant bonus for nil consideration unless the 
Committee, in its absolute discretion, determines otherwise. 

A change of control of the Company shall not affect the 
amount of any bonus or the date on which it becomes 
payable unless the Committee determines otherwise, in 
which case the Committee shall determine whether the 
pro-rated performance targets attached to the applicable 
bonuses have been satisfied at that time. 

If the Committee determines that the pro-rated performance 
targets have not been satisfied on the change of control, 
the applicable bonus shall immediately lapse unless the 
Committee determines otherwise. To the extent that the 
Committee determines that the pro-rated performance 
targets have been satisfied on the change of control, if the 
CEO ceases to be employed by the Company prior to the date 
that the applicable bonus would otherwise have been paid to 
the CEO other than as a result of:

> 

> 

 a reason which would have justified his summary 
dismissal; 

 his cessation of employment without the giving or 
receiving of notice; or

> 

his resignation

54

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 
 
Statement of Directors’ responsibilities
in respect of the annual report, the directors’ remuneration report 
and the (cid:428) nancial statements

The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report 
and the financial statements in accordance with applicable 
law and regulations.

They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of 
the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial 
statements for each financial year. Under that law the 
directors are required to prepare the Group financial 
statements in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European 
Union (‘EU’) and Article 4 of the EU IAS Regulation and 
have also chosen to prepare the parent company financial 
statements under IFRSs as adopted by the EU. Under 
company law the directors must not approve the financial 
statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and 
fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the 
profit or loss of the Company for that period. In preparing 
these financial statements, International Accounting 
Standard 1 requires that directors:
> 
> 

properly select and apply accounting policies; 

 present information, including accounting policies, in 
a manner that provides relevant, reliable, comparable 
and understandable information; 

 provide additional disclosures when compliance with 
the specific requirements in IFRSs is insufficient to 
enable users to understand the impact of particular 
transactions, other events and conditions on the 
entity’s financial position and financial performance; 
and 

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and 
integrity of the corporate and financial information included 
on the Company’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom 
governing the preparation and dissemination of financial 
statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

Responsibility statement
We confirm that to the best of our knowledge:
> 

 the financial statements, prepared in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting Standards as 
adopted by the EU, give a true and fair view of the 
assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss 
of the Company and the undertakings included in the 
consolidation taken as a whole ;

> 

> 

 the Strategic Report  includes a fair review of the 
development and performance of the business and the 
position of the Company and the undertakings included 
in the consolidation taken as a whole, together with a 
description (on pages 1 8  to 20) of the principal risks 
and uncertainties that they face; and 

 the financial statements, taken as a whole, are fair, 
balanced and understandable, and provide the 
information necessary for shareholders to assess the 
Company’s performance, business model and strategy.

> 

> 

 make an assessment of the Company’s ability to 
continue as a going concern. 

By order of the Board

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate 
accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain 
the Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable 
accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company 
and enable them to ensure that the financial statements 
comply with the Companies Act 2006.

H M Henderson 
Chairman 
 1 1 March 2014 

A L C Bell 
Chief Executive O(cid:431)  cer
 1 1 March 2014

Note to those who access this document by electronic means

The Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2013 has been approved by the Board of Witan Investment Trust plc. 
Copies of the Annual Report and the Half Year Report are circulated to shareholders, to those who hold shares through 
 Witan Investment Services’ savings schemes and, where possible, to investors through other providers’ products and 
nominee companies (or written notification is sent when they are published on-line). It is also made available in electronic 
format for the convenience of readers. Printed copies are available from the Company’s Registered Office in London.

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

55

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Independent auditor’s report
to the members of Witan Investment Trust plc

 Opinion on financial statements of Witan Investment 
Trust plc
In our opinion: 
> 

 the (cid:428) nancial statements give a true and fair view of 
the(cid:123)state of the  Group’s and of the parent  Company’s 
a(cid:426)  airs as at 31 December 2013 and of the  Group’s 
pro(cid:428) t(cid:123)for the year then ended; 

> 

> 

> 

 the  Group (cid:428) nancial statements have been properly 
prepared in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the 
European Union; 

 the parent  Company (cid:428) nancial statements have been 
properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted 
by the European Union and as applied in accordance 
with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and 

 the (cid:428) nancial statements have been prepared 
in accordance with the requirements of the 
Companies Act 2006 and, as regards the  Group 
(cid:428) nancial statements, Article 4 of the IAS Regulation.

The financial statements comprise the Consolidated 
Statement of Comprehensive Income, Consolidated and 
Individual Company Statements of Changes in Equity, 
Consolidated and Individual Company Balance Sheets, 
Consolidated and Individual Company Cash Flow Statements 
and the related notes 1 to 25. The financial reporting 

framework that has been applied in their preparation is 
applicable law and IFRSs as adopted by the European Union 
and, as regards the parent company financial statements, as 
applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies 
Act 2006. 

Going concern
As required by the Listing Rules we have reviewed the 
directors’ statement contained within the  Strategic Report 
that the  Group is a going concern. We confirm that: 
> 

 we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going 
concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the 
(cid:428) nancial statements is appropriate; and 

> 

 we have not identi(cid:428) ed any material uncertainties that 
may cast signi(cid:428) cant doubt on the  Group’s ability to 
continue as a going concern. 

However, because not all future events or conditions can be 
predicted, this statement is not a guarantee as to the  Group’s 
ability to continue as a going concern. 

Our assessment of risks of material misstatement 
The assessed risks of material misstatement described below 
are those that had the greatest effect on our audit strategy, 
the allocation of resources in the audit and directing the 
efforts of the engagement team: 

56

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 
Risk

How the scope of our audit responded to the risk

To test the valuation of investments as at 31 December 2013, 
we performed the following:  
> 

 assessed the design and implementation of controls 
over the pricing of investments to identify whether 
there were any weaknesses in internal control over 
valuing investments;  

> 

> 

 for all quoted investments, valued at £1,43 7  million,  we 
agreed the bid prices to an independent pricing source; 
and 

  for all derivative instruments, valued at £1.7  million, we 
involved a (cid:428) nancial instrument specialist to value such 
instruments, including assessing the discount factors 
and other  indices used in the valuations. 

To test the liquidity of investments as at 31 December 2013, 
we performed the following:  
> 

 veri(cid:428) ed the trading activity and volume, on a sample 
basis, of investments held around the year end; and  

> 

 identi(cid:428) ed investments which are not frequently traded 
and considered indicators of impairment by monitoring 
the price of any post year-end sales. 

 We confirmed the ownership of all investments at year end 
by obtaining independent third party confirmations directly 
from the custodians and agreeing them to the listing of 
investments held at year end. 

We reviewed the latest available report on internal controls 
of the  Group’s outsourced custodian and assessed the 
adequacy of the custodian’s controls over the safeguarding 
and monitoring of the  Group’s investments. 

Valuation and liquidity of investments of the  Group  
The investment balance is the most quantitatively 
significant(cid:123)balance on the balance sheet and is the main 
driver of the group’s performance, standing at £1.4 billion as 
at 31(cid:123)December 2013. There is a risk that if the investments 
are(cid:123)not actively traded, the prices are not reflective of their 
fair value. 

 Ownership of investments 
The investment balance is the most quantitatively 
significant(cid:123)balance on the balance sheet, standing at 
£1.4  billion as(cid:123)at 31 December 2013. Therefore, the risk 
that the  Group does not hold the rights and obligations to 
these investments could materially impact the financial 
statements.  

 The Audit Committee’s consideration of these risks is set out 
on page 42.

Our audit procedures relating to these matters were designed 
in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a 
whole, and not to express an opinion on individual accounts 
or disclosures. Our opinion on the financial statements is not 
modified with respect to any of the risks described above, 
and we do not express an opinion on these individual matters.

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

57

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report continued

Our application of materiality
 We define materiality as the magnitude of misstatement 
in the financial statements that makes it probable that the 
economic decisions of a reasonably knowledgeable person 
would be changed or influenced. We use materiality both in 
planning the scope of our audit work and in evaluating the 
results of our work.

We determined materiality for the  Group to be £41million, 
which has been determined using 3% of Shareholders’ Funds. 

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report 
to the Committee all audit differences in excess of £10,000, 
as well as differences below that threshold that, in our view, 
warranted reporting on qualitative grounds. We also report to 
the Audit Committee on disclosure matters that we identified 
when assessing the overall presentation of the(cid:123)financial 
statements .

An overview of the scope of our audit
 Our audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the 
 Group and its environment, including group-wide controls, 
and assessing the risks of material misstatement. Audit 
work to respond to the risks of material misstatement for 
all entities in the  Group was performed directly by the audit 
engagement team.

As the accounting is performed by service organisations, 
we(cid:123)obtained an understanding of how the  Group uses service 
organisations in its operations and evaluated the design 
and implementation of relevant controls at the  Group that 
relate to the services provided by service organisations. 
We(cid:123)reviewed the latest reports on internal controls from the 
service organisations and contacted them directly to obtain 
specific information we needed to conduct our audit .

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies 
Act 2006
In our opinion:
> 

 the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be 
audited has been properly prepared in accordance with 
the Companies Act 2006; and 

> 

 the information given in the Strategic Report and the 
Directors’ Report for the (cid:428) nancial year for which the 
(cid:428) nancial statements are prepared is consistent with 
the(cid:123)(cid:428) nancial statements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
Adequacy of explanations received and accounting records
Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report 
to(cid:123)you if, in our opinion: 
> 

  we have not received all the information and 
explanations we require for our audit; or

> 

> 

  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the 
parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have 
not been received from branches not visited by us; or

  the parent company financial statements are not in 
agreement with the accounting records and returns.

We have nothing to report in respect of these matters. 

Directors’ remuneration
 Under the Companies Act 2006 we are also required to 
report if in our opinion certain disclosures of directors’ 
remuneration have not been made or the part of the 
Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited is not in 
agreement with the accounting records and returns. We have 
nothing to report arising from these matters. 

Corporate Governance Statement
 Under the Listing Rules we are also required to review the 
part of the Corporate Governance Statement relating to 
the company’s compliance with nine provisions of the UK 
Corporate Governance Code. We have nothing to report 
arising from our review. 

58

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Our duty to read other information in the Annual Report
Under International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland), 
we are required to report to you if, in our opinion, information 
in the annual report is: 
> 

  materially inconsistent with the information in the 
audited financial statements; or

> 

> 

  apparently materially incorrect based on, or materially 
inconsistent with, our knowledge of the  Group acquired 
in the course of performing our audit; or

o therwise misleading.

 In particular, we are required to consider whether we have 
identified any inconsistencies between our knowledge 
acquired during the audit and the directors’ statement 
that they consider the annual report is fair, balanced and 
understandable and whether the annual report appropriately 
discloses those matters that we communicated to the 
 Audit  Committee which we consider should have been 
disclosed. We confirm that we have not identified any such 
inconsistencies or misleading statements. 

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditor
 As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities 
Statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation 
of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they 
give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and 
express an opinion on the financial statements in accordance 
with applicable law and International Standards on Auditing 
(UK and Ireland). Those standards require us to comply with 
the Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors. 
We also comply with International Standard on Quality 
Control 1 (UK and Ireland). Our audit methodology and 
tools aim to ensure that our quality control procedures are 
effective, understood and applied. Our quality controls and 
systems include our dedicated professional standards review 
team, and independent partner reviews.

This report is made solely to the  Company’s members, 
as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken 
so that we might state to the  Company’s members those 
matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s 
report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent 
permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility 
to anyone other than the  Company and the  Company’s 
members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or 
for(cid:123)the opinions we have formed.

 Scope of the audit of the financial statements 
 An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts 
and disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to 
give reasonable assurance that the financial statements 
are free from material misstatement, whether caused by 
fraud or error. This includes an assessment of: whether the 
accounting policies are appropriate to the  Group’s and the 
parent  Company’s circumstances and have been consistently 
applied and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of 
significant accounting estimates made by the directors; 
and the overall presentation of the financial statements. 
In addition, we read all the financial and non-financial 
information in the annual report to identify material 
inconsistencies with the audited financial statements and 
to identify any information that is apparently materially 
incorrect based on, or materially inconsistent with, the 
knowledge acquired by us in the course of performing 
the audit. If we become aware of any apparent material 
misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the 
implications for our report. 

Stuart McLaren (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of Deloitte LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor
London, United Kingdom 

 1 1 March 2014

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

59

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income
for the year ended 31 December 2013

Investment income

Other income

Gains on investments held at fair value 
through profit or loss

Total income

Expenses

Management fees

Other expenses

 Notes

2

3

10

4

5

Year ended 31 December 2013

Year ended 31 December 2012

Revenue 
return
£’000

37,943

1,449

Capital
return
£’000

–

–

Total
£’000

Revenue 
return
£’000

Capital
return
£’000

37,943

35,583

1,449

1,467

–

–

Total
£’000

35,583

1,467

–

289,871

289,871

–

130,213

130,213

39,392

289,871

329,263

37,050

130,213

167,263

(1,146)

(8,925)

(10,071)

(845)

(5,465)

(6,310)

(5,216)

(101)

(5,317)

(4,764)

(101)

(4,865)

Pro(cid:428) t before (cid:428) nance costs and taxation

33,030

280,845

313,875

31,441

124,647

156,088

Finance costs

Pro(cid:428) t before taxation

6

(2,144)

(6,185)

(8,329)

(2,115)

(6,092)

(8,207)

30,886

274,660

305,546

29,326

118,555

147,881

Taxation

7

(1,623)

–

(1,623)

(1,603)

–

(1,603)

Pro(cid:428) t attributable to equity holders 
of the parent company

29,263

274,660

303,923

27,723

118,555

146,278

Earnings per ordinary share

9

15.44p

144.96p

160.40p

14.50p

62.02p

76.52p

The total column of this statement represents the Group’s Statement of Comprehensive Income, prepared in accordance with 
IFRSs as adopted by the European Union.

The revenue return and capital return columns are supplementary to this and are prepared under guidance published by the 
Association of Investment Companies.

The Group does not have any  other  comprehensive  income and hence the total pro(cid:428) t, as disclosed above, is the same as the 
Group’s  total  comprehensive  income.

All items in the above statement derive from continuing operations.

The net pro(cid:428) t for the year of the Company was £303,923,000 (2012: £146,278,000).

All income is attributable to the equity holders of Witan Investment Trust plc, the parent company. There are no minority 
interests.

The notes on pages  64 to  85 form part of these (cid:428) nancial statements.

60

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Consolidated and individual 
company statements of changes in equity
for the year ended 31 December 2013

Group
Year ended 31 December 2013

Ordinary 
share 
capital 
£’000

Share 
premium 
account 
£’000

Capital 
redemption 
reserve
£’000

Other 
capital 
reserves
£’000

Notes

Revenue 
reserve
£’000

Total
£’000

Total equity at 31 December 2012

47,520

16,237

46,306

938,708

57,076 1,105,847

Total comprehensive income: 
Pro(cid:428) t for the year

Transactions with owners, recorded directly 
to equity: Ordinary dividends paid

8

–

–

Buy-backs of ordinary shares

15,16

(192)

–

–

–

–

–

274,660

29,263

303,923

–

(32,389)

(32,389)

192

(4,437)

–

(4,437)

Total equity at 31 December 2013

47,328

16,237

46,498 1,208,931

53,950 1,372,944

Company
Year ended 31 December 2013

Ordinary 
share 
capital 
£’000

Share 
premium 
account 
£’000

Capital 
redemption 
reserve
£’000

Other 
capital 
reserves
£’000

Notes

Revenue 
reserve
£’000

Total
£’000

Total equity at 31 December 2012

47,520

16,237

46,306

938,734

57,050 1,105,847

Total comprehensive income: 
Pro(cid:428) t for the year
Transactions with owners, recorded directly 
to equity: Ordinary dividends paid

–

–

8

Buy-backs of ordinary shares

15,16

(192)

–

–

–

–

–

274,773

29,150

303,92 3

–

(32,389)

(32,389)

192

(4,437)

–

(4,437)

Total equity at 31 December 2013

47,328

16,237

46,498 1,209,070

53,811 1,372,944

Group
Year ended 31 December 2012

Ordinary 
share 
capital 
£’000

Share 
premium 
account 
£’000

Capital 
redemption 
reserve
£’000

Other 
capital 
reserves
£’000

Notes

Revenue 
reserve
£’000

Total
£’000

Total equity at 31 December 2011

48,092

16,237

45,734

830,930

53,356

994,349

Total comprehensive income: 
Pro(cid:428) t for the year
Transactions with owners, recorded directly 
to equity: Ordinary dividends paid

Buy-backs of ordinary shares

–

–

(572)

8

15

–

–

–

–

–

118,555

27,723

146,278

–

(24,003)

(24,003)

572

(10,777)

–

(10,777)

Total equity at 31 December 2012

47,520

16,237

46,306

938,708

57,076 1,105,847

Company
Year ended 31 December 2012

Ordinary 
share 
capital 
£’000

Share 
premium 
account 
£’000

Capital 
redemption 
reserve
£’000

Other 
capital 
reserves
£’000

Notes

Revenue 
reserve
£’000

Total
£’000

Total equity at 31 December 2011

48,092

16,237

45,734

830,893

53,393

994,349

Total comprehensive income: 
Pro(cid:428) t for the year
Transactions with owners, recorded directly 
to equity: Ordinary dividends paid

Buy-backs of ordinary shares

–

–

(572)

8

15

–

–

–

–

–

118,618

27,660

146,278

–

(24,003)

(24,003)

572

(10,777)

–

(10,777)

Total equity at 31 December 2012

47,520

16,237

46,306

938,734

57,050 1,105,847

The notes on pages  64 to  85 form part of these (cid:428) nancial statements.

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

61

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Consolidated and individual 
company balance sheets
for the year ended 31 December 2013

Non current assets 
Investments held at fair value through profit or loss

Current assets
Other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Current liabilities
Other payables
Bank loan

Group
31 December
2013
£’000

Company
31 December
2013
£’000

Group
31 December
2012
£’000

Company
31 December
2012
£’000

Notes

10 1,436,962 1,438,001 1,202,076 1,203,002

11

6,695
57,532

64,227

6,548
56,372

62,920

4,549
36,420

40,969

4,461
35,309

39,770

1,501,189 1,500,921 1,243,045 1,242,772

12

(7,873)
(10,000)

(7,605)
(10,000)

(5,882)
(21,000)

(5,609)
(21,000)

(17,873)

(17,605)

(26,882)

(26,609)

Total assets less current liabilities

1,483,316 1,483,316 1,216,163 1,216,163

Non current liabilities
At amortised cost:
8½ per cent. Debenture Stock 2016
6.125 per cent. Secured Bonds due 2025
3.4 per cent. cumulative preference shares of £1
2.7 per cent. cumulative preference shares of £1

Net assets

Equity attributable to equity holders
Ordinary share capital
Share premium account
Capital redemption reserve
Retained earnings:
Other capital reserves
Revenue reserve

Total equity

13
13
13, 17
13, 17

(44,584)
(63,233)
(2,055)
(500)

(44,584)
(63,233)
(2,055)
(500)

(44,587)
(63,174)
(2,055)
(500)

(44,587)
(63,174)
(2,055)
(500)

(110, 372)

(110, 372)

(110,316)

(110,316)

1,372,944 1,372,944 1,105,847 1,105,847

15
16
16

47,328
16,237
46,498

47,328
16,237
46,498

47,520
16,237
46,306

47,520
16,237
46,306

16 1,208,931 1,209,070
53,811
16

53,950

938,708
57,076

938,734
57,050

1,372,944 1,372,944 1,105,847 1,105,847

Net asset value per ordinary share

18

725.23p

725.23p

581.8p

581.8p

The financial statements of Witan Investment Trust plc (registered number 101625) were approved by the directors and 
authorised for issue on  1 1 March 2014 and were signed on their behalf by

H M Henderson 

A L C Bell

The notes on pages  64 to  85 form part of these (cid:428) nancial statements.

62

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Consolidated and individual 
company cash (cid:430) ow statements
for the year ended 31 December 2013

Operating activities
Profit before taxation
Interest paid
Gains on investments held at fair value through profit or loss
Net sales of investments held at fair value through profit or loss
Net gain from futures contracts
Scrip dividends included in investment income
(Increase)/decrease in other receivables
Increase in other payables
Net cash inflow from operating activities before 
interest and taxation
Interest paid
Tax on overseas income

Net cash inflow from operating activities

Financing activities
Equity dividends paid
Buy-backs of ordinary shares
 (Repayment)/drawdown of loans

Net cash outflow from financing activities

Increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at the start of the year
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

Group
2013
£’000

Company
2013
£’000

Group
2012
£’000

Company
2012
£’000

Notes

6

305,546
 8,329
10 (289,871)
50,630
19
4,465
10
(1,256)
2
(6)
 2,752

305,546
 8,329
(289,98 4)
50,630
4,465
(1,256)
 53
   2,757

147,881
 8,207
(130,213)
10,913
2,458
(1,136)
467
 605

147,881
 8,207
(130,276)
10,913
2,458
(1,136)
468
 452

 80,589
 (8,285)
(1,624)

80, 540
 (8,285)
(1,624)

 39,182
 (8,161)
(1,651)

70,680

70,631

29,370

 38,967
 (8,161)
(1,651)

29,155

8

(32,389)
(4,617)
(11,000)

(32,389)
(4,617)
(11,000)

(24,003)
(10,899)
6,000

(24,003)
(10,899)
6,000

(48,006)

(48,006)

(28,902)

(28,902)

22,674
36,420
(1,562)

22,625
35,309
(1,562)

468
37,150
(1,198)

253
36,254
(1,198)

57,532

56,372

36,420

35,309

The notes on pages  64 to  85 form part of these (cid:428) nancial statements.

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

63

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Notes to the (cid:428) nancial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2013

1 Accounting policies
The financial statements of the Group have been prepared 
in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards (‘IFRSs’) as adopted by the European Union and 
therefore the Group financial statements comply with Article 
4 of the EU IAS Regulation. These comprise standards and 
interpretations approved by the International Accounting 
Standards Board (‘IASB’), together with interpretations 
of the International Accounting Standards and Standing 
Interpretations Committee approved by the International 
Accounting Standards Committee (‘IASC’) that remain in 
effect, to the extent that they have been adopted by the 
European Union.

These financial statements are presented in pounds sterling 
because that is the currency of the primary economic 
environment in which the Group operates.

(a) Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared on the 
historical cost basis, except for the revaluation of certain 
financial instruments. The principal accounting policies 
adopted are set out below. Where presentational guidance 
set out in the Statement of Recommended Practice Financial 
Statements of Investment Trust Companies and Venture Capital 
Trusts (‘the SORP’) issued by the Association of Investment 
Companies (‘the AIC’) in January 2009 is consistent with the 
requirements of IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, the 
directors have sought to prepare the financial statements on 
a basis compliant with the recommendations of the SORP.

Sources of estimation uncertainty
In the application of the Group’s accounting policies, 
management is required to make judgments, estimates and 
assumptions about carrying values of assets and liabilities 
that are not always readily apparent from other sources. 
The estimates and associated assumptions are based on 
historical experience and other factors that are considered 
to(cid:123)be relevant. Actual results may vary from these estimates.

(b) Going concern
The Group’s business activities, together with the factors 
likely to affect its future development and performance, are 
set out in the Strategic Report on pages  8 to  23. The financial 
position of the Group as at 31 December 2013 is shown in the 
balance sheet on page  62. The cash flows of the Group for 
the year ended 31 December 2013, which are not untypical, 
are set out on page  63. The Company had fixed debt and 
preference share capital totalling £110,3 72,000, as set out 
in note 13 on page  74; none of the borrowings is repayable 
before 2016. In 201 3, the Group renewed a one -year secured 
multi-currency borrowing facility for £50 million, of which 
£ 10 million was drawn down at 31 December 201 3 (201 2: 

£ 21 million). Note 14 on pages   74 to  82 sets out the Group’s 
risk management policies and procedures, including those 
covering currency risk, interest rate risk and liquidity risk. 
As (cid:123)at 31 December 201 3 the Group’s total assets less 
current (cid:123)liabilities exceeded its total non current liabilities by 
a multiple of over ten. The assets of the Group consist mainly 
of securities that are held in accordance with the Company’s 
investment policy, as set out on  the inside front cover. 
Most (cid:123)of these securities are readily realisable even in volatile 
markets. The directors, who have reviewed carefully the 
Group’s budget and forecast for the coming year, consider 
that the Group has adequate financial resources to enable 
it to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable 
future. Accordingly, the directors believe that it is appropriate 
to continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the 
Group’s accounts.

(c) Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the 
financial statements of the Company and the entity 
controlled by the Company (its subsidiary) made up to 31 
December each year. Control is achieved where the Company 
has the power to govern the financial and operating 
policies of an investee entity so as to obtain benefits from 
its activities. Where necessary, adjustments are made to 
the financial statements of the subsidiary to bring the 
accounting policies used by it into line with those used by the 
Group. All intra-group transactions, balances, income and 
expenses are eliminated on consolidation.

(d) Presentation of the Statement of Comprehensive 
Income
In order to better reflect the activities of an investment trust 
company, and in accordance with guidance issued by the AIC, 
supplementary information which analyses the Statement 
of Comprehensive Income between items of a revenue and 
capital nature has been presented alongside the Statement 
of Comprehensive Income. In accordance with the Company’s 
Articles of Association, net capital returns may not be 
distributed by way of dividend. Additionally, the net revenue 
is the measure the directors believe appropriate in assessing 
the Group’s compliance with certain requirements set out in 
section 1158 of the Corporation Tax Act 2010.

(e) Income
Dividends receivable on equity shares are recognised as 
revenue for the year on an ex-dividend basis. Where no ex-
dividend date is available, dividends receivable on or before 
the year end are treated as revenue for the year. Provision 
is made for any dividends not expected to be received. The 
fixed returns on debt securities and non-equity shares are 
recognised on a time apportionment basis so as to reflect 
the effective yield on the debt securities and shares. Interest 
receivable from cash and short-term deposits is accrued to 

64

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

the end of the period. Stock lending fees and underwriting 
commission are recognised as earned. Any special dividends 
are looked at individually to ascertain the reason behind the 
payment. This will determine whether they are treated as 
income or capital. Where the Group has elected to receive 
its dividends in the form of additional shares rather than 
cash, the amount of cash dividend foregone is recognised as 
income. Any excess in the value of shares received over the 
amount of cash dividend foregone is recognised as a gain in 
the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(f) Expenses
All expenses and interest payable are accounted for on an 
accruals basis. Expenses are presented as capital where a 
connection with the maintenance or enhancement of the 
value of the investments can be demonstrated. In this respect 
the investment management fees and finance costs are 
allocated 25% to revenue and 75% to capital to reflect the 
Board’s expectations of long-term investment returns. Any 
performance fees payable are allocated wholly to capital, 
reflecting the fact that, although they are calculated on 
a total return basis, they are expected to be attributable 
largely, if not wholly, to capital performance. 

(g) Taxation
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently 
payable and deferred tax. 

The tax currently payable is based on the taxable profit for 
the period. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported 
in the Statement of Comprehensive Income because it 
excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or 
deductible in other years and it further excludes items that 
are never taxable or deductible. The Group’s liability for 
current tax is calculated using tax rates that were applicable 
at the balance sheet date. 

In line with the recommendations of the SORP, the allocation 
method used to calculate tax relief on expenses presented 
against capital returns in the supplementary information in 
the Statement of Comprehensive Income is the ‘marginal 
basis’. Under this basis, if taxable income is capable of being 
offset entirely by expenses presented in the revenue return 
column of the Statement of Comprehensive Income then no 
tax relief is transferred to the capital return column.

Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable 
on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding 
tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit, and is
accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. 
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable 
temporary differences and deferred tax assets are 
recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable 

profits will be available against which deductible temporary 
differences can be utilised. Investment trusts which have 
approval as such under section 1158 of the Corporation Tax 
Act 2010 are not liable for taxation on capital gains. 

 The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at 
each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it 
is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be 
available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected 
to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the 
asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the 
Statement of Comprehensive Income, except when it relates 
to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case 
the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity.

(h) Investments held at fair value through profit or loss 
When a purchase or sale is made under a contract, the terms 
of which require delivery within the timeframe of the relevant
market, the investments concerned are recognised or 
derecognised on the trade date.

All the Group’s investments are defined by IFRSs as
adopted by the European Union as investments held at 
fair(cid:123)value through profit or loss. All gains and losses are
allocated to the capital return within the Statement of 
Comprehensive Income as “Gains or losses on investments 
held at fair value through profit or loss”. Also included within 
this heading are transaction costs in relation to the purchase 
or sale of investments.

All investments are designated upon initial recognition as 
held at fair value through profit or loss, and are measured at
subsequent reporting dates at fair value, which is either 
the bid price or the last traded price, depending on the 
convention of the exchange on which the investment is 
quoted. Investments in unit trusts or OEICs are valued at the 
closing price, the bid price or the single price as appropriate, 
released by the relevant investment manager.

The Group derecognises a financial asset only when the 
contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or 
when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the 
risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. 
On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between 
the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration 
received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that 
had been accumulated in equity is recognised in profit or loss.

Fair values for unquoted investments, or for investments for 
which there is only an inactive market, are established by 
using various valuation techniques. These may include 
recent arm’s length market transactions, the current 

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65

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the (cid:428) nancial statements continued
for the year ended 31 December 2013

1 Accounting policies continued
fair value of another instrument that is substantially 
the same,   discounted cash flow analysis, option pricing 
models and reference to similar quoted companies. Where 
there is a valuation technique commonly used by market 
participants to price the instrument and that technique has 
been demonstrated to provide reliable estimates of prices 
obtained in actual market transactions, that technique is 
utilised. Where no reliable fair value can be estimated for 
such instruments, they are carried at cost, subject to any 
provision for impairment.

The subsidiary company, Witan Investment Services Limited, 
is held at fair value in the Company balance sheet. This is
considered to be the net asset value of the shareholder’s 
funds, as shown in its balance sheet.

 (i) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash comprises cash in hand and demand deposits. Cash 
equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are 
readily convertible to known amounts of cash and that are 
subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

(j) Dividends payable
Interim dividends are recognised in the period in which they 
are paid. Final dividends are not recognised until approved by 
the shareholders in general meeting.

(k) Non current liabilities
All debentures and secured bonds are initially recognised 
at cost, being the fair value of the consideration received, 
less issue costs where applicable. After initial recognition, 
all interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently 
measured at amortised cost using the effective interest 
method, with the interest expense recognised on an effective 
yield basis. The effective interest method is a method of 
calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of 
allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The 
effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts 
estimated future payments over the expected life of the 
financial liabilities, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, 
to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

(l) Foreign currency translation
Transactions involving foreign currencies are converted 
at the rate ruling at the date of the transaction.

  (m) Adoption of new and revised accounting standards
(i) Changes in accounting policy and disclosures
The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those 
of the previous financial year.

(ii) Standards  and interpretations affecting the reported 
results or financial position
IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement
 The Group has applied IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement. This 
standard replaces the guidance on fair value measurement 
in existing IFRS accounting literature with a single standard. 
This standard defines fair value, sets out a framework for 
measurin g fair value and requires disclosure about fair value 
measurements.

(iii) Standards not affecting the reported results no r the 
financial position
The following new and revised Standards and Interpretations 
have been adopted in the current year. Their adoption has not 
had any significant impact on the amounts reported in these 
financial statements.

IFRS 1 0

 IFRS 11

 IFRS 12

 IAS 19

 Consolidated Financial Statements

 Joint Arrangements

 Disclosure of Interests in Other 
Entities
 Employee Bene(cid:428) ts

 IAS 27 (revised)

 Separate Financial Statements

 IAS 28 (revised)

 IAS 1 (amended)

 IFRS 7 (amended)

 IFRS 1 (amended)

 Annual 
Improvements 
to IFRSs

 Investments in Associates and 
Joint Ventures
 Presentation of items of Other 
Comprehensive Income
 Disclosures – O(cid:426)  setting Financial 
Assets and Financial Liabilities
 Government Loans

 2009-2011 Cycle

   At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, 
the following Standards and interpretations which have not 
been applied in these financial statements were in issue 
but not yet effective  (and in some cases had not yet been 
adopted by the European Union):

Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities that are 
fair valued and denominated in foreign currencies are
re-translated into sterling at the rate ruling on the 
balance sheet date. Foreign exchange differences 
arising on translation are recognised in the Statement of 
Comprehensive Income and allocated to the capital return.

 IAS 32 (amended)

 IFRS 9

 O(cid:426)  setting Financial Assets and 
Financial Liabilities
 Financial Instruments

 IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and 
IAS 27 (amended)

 Investment Entities

66

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 
 IAS 36 (amended)

 IAS 39 (amended)

 Recoverable Amount Disclosures 
for(cid:123)Non-Financial Assets
 Novation of Derivatives and 
Continuation of Hedge Accounting

   The directors do not expect that the adoption of the 
 Standards listed above will have a material impact on the 
financial statements of the Group in future periods, except as 
follows:
> 

 IFRS 9 will impact both the measurement and 
disclosures of Financial Instruments.

Beyond the information above, it is not practicable to provide 
a reasonable estimate of the effect of these  Standards until a
detailed review has been completed.

(n) Derivative financial instruments
The Group’s activities expose it primarily to the financial 
risks of changes in market prices, foreign currency exchange 
rates and interest rates. Derivative transactions which 
the Company may enter into comprise forward exchange 
contracts (the purpose of which is to manage currency risks 

arising from the Company’s investing activities), quoted 
options on shares held within the portfolio, or on indices 
appropriate to sections of the portfolio (the purpose of which 
is to provide protection against falls in the capital values of 
the holdings) and futures contracts appropriate to sections 
of the portfolio (to provide additional market exposure or to 
provide protection against falls in the capital values of the 
holdings). The Company may also write options on shares 
represented in the portfolio where such options are priced 
attractively relative to the investment managers’ longer-
term expectations for the relevant share prices. The Group 
does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative 
purposes. Hedge accounting is not used.

The use of financial derivatives is governed by the Group’s 
policies as approved by the Board, which has set written 
principles for the use of financial derivatives.

Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments 
 are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income 
as they arise. If capital in nature, the associated change 
in value is presented as a capital item in the Statement of 
Comprehensive Income.

2 Investment income

Franked:
UK dividends from listed investments
UK special dividends from listed investments
UK dividends from unquoted investments

Unfranked:
Overseas dividends from listed investments
Overseas special dividends from listed investments
Property income dividends
Scrip dividends from listed investments
Fixed interest and convertible bonds

Total investment income

Analysis of investment income by geographical segment:
United Kingdom
North America
Continental Europe
Japan
Asia Pacific (ex Japan)
South America
Other

Total investment income

2013
£’000

2012
£’000

15,529
1,392
71

16,992

18,622
372
5
1,256
696

20,951

15,868
209
56

16,133

16,322
843
5
1,136
1,144

19,450

37,943

35,583

2013
£’000

2012
£’000

 17,815
 4,506
 8,214
 922
 4,568
 445
 1,473

17,428
3,429
9,268
369
3,302
444
1,343

37,943

35,583

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

67

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Notes to the (cid:428) nancial statements continued
for the year ended 31 December 2013

3 Other income

Deposit interest
Stock lending income
Underwriting commission
Income from the subsidiary company’s third party business

2013
£’000
103
147
13
1,186

1,449

2012
£’000
29
269
15
1,154

1,467

At 31 December 2013 the total value of securities on loan by the Company for stock lending purposes was £36,094,000 
(2012: £51,305,000). The maximum aggregate value of securities on loan at any time during the year ended 31 December 
2013 was £69,633,000 (2012: £67,693,000). Collateral, revalued on a daily basis at a level equivalent to at least 105% of the 
market value of the securities lent, was provided against all loans. Collateral i n respect of UK securities is usually in the form 
of Crest DBVs (Delivery by Values); the content of Crest DBVs is subject to a concentration limit of 10%.

4 Management fees

Management fees
Performance fees

Year ended 31 December 2013

Year ended 31 December 2012

Revenue
£’000
1,146
–

1,146

Capital
£’000
3,438
5,487

8,925

Total
£’000
4,584
5,487

10,071

Revenue
£’000
845
–

845

Capital
£’000
2,534
2,931

5,465

Total
£’000
3,379
2,931

6,310

A summary of the terms of the management agreements is given on pages  15 to 16 in the Strategic Report.

5 Other expenses
Auditor’s remuneration
The analysis of the auditor’s remuneration is as follows:

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and its associates for the audit of the Company’s annual 
accounts
Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and its associates for other services to the Group:
–  the audit of the Company’s subsidiary

Total audit fees

Tax services (advice, preparation and submission within local jurisdictions of withholding tax claims)*
Other services

Total non-audit fees

Total fees paid

*The fees for this work were specifically approved by the Audit Committee (see page  43).

2013
Revenue
£’000

2012
Revenue
£’000

48

 5

 53

15
2

17

 70

48

 5

 53

65
4

69

 122

68

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

5 Other expenses continued

Auditor’s remuneration (see page  68)
Tax advisory services
Directors’ fees (see the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages  44 to  54)
Employers’ national insurance contributions on the directors’ fees
Employee costs (including executive director’s remuneration):
– salaries and bonuses
– employers’ national insurance contributions
– pension contributions (or payments in lieu thereof)
Advisory, consultancy and legal fees
Investment accounting fees
Company secretarial fees
Insurances
Occupancy costs
Bank charges and overseas safe custody fees
Marketing expenses*
Savings scheme expenses (Witan Wisdom and Jump Savings)
Other expenses
Irrecoverable VAT

2013
Revenue
£’000
 70
9
235
30

1,0 89
15 0
58
   208
259
120
58
115
35 8
950
564
7  45
198

2012
Revenue
£’000
 122
12
246
32

647
88
56
 199
229
110
60
114
264
1,099
606
673
207

5, 216†

4,764†

* Includes £50,000 sponsorship paid to the Royal Horticultural Society (2012: £50,000).
†  The total includes costs of £1,276,000 (2012: £1,294,000) in respect of the subsidiary company’s third party business which are offset by the subsidiary company’s 
income from that business. The analysis relates to the revenue return column only.

Expenses included in the capital return column for 2013 were £101,000 (2012: £101,000). These  related to  investment advisory 
costs.

The average number of employees during the year was 6 (2012: 6).

6 Finance costs

Interest payable on overdrafts and loans repayable 
within one year
Interest payable on the secured bonds and 
debenture stock repayable between 1 and 5 years
Interest payable on the secured bonds and 
debenture stock repayable in more than 5 years
Preference share dividends

Year ended 31 December 2013

Year ended 31 December 2012

Revenue
£’000

Capital
£’000

Total
£’000

Revenue
£’000

Capital
£’000

Total
£’000

115

348

463

85

255

340

947

2,840

3,787

949

2,844

3,793

999
83

2,144

2,997
–

6,185

3,996
83

8,329

998
83

2,115

2,993
–

6,092

3,991
83

8,207

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

69

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the (cid:428) nancial statements continued
for the year ended 31 December 2013

7 Taxation

(a) Analysis of the charge for the year
UK corporation tax at 23.25% (2012: 24.5%)

Foreign tax suffered
Foreign tax recoverable

Total current tax for the year (see note 7(b))

Year ended 31 December 2013

Year ended 31 December 2012

Revenue
£’000

Capital
£’000

Total
£’000

Revenue
£’000

Capital
£’000

Total
£’000

–
–
1,88 3
(260)

1,62 3

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
1,88 3
(260)

1,62 3

–
–
2,042
(439)

1,603

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
2,042
(439)

1,603

(b) Factors affecting the current tax charge for the year
The tax assessed for the year is  lower than that resulting from applying the effective standard rate of corporation tax in the 
UK for a large company of 23.25% (2012: 24.5%). The difference is explained below.

Net profit on ordinary activities before taxation
Corporation tax at 23.25% (2012: 24.5%)

Effects of:
Non-taxable UK dividends
Non-taxable overseas dividends
Withholding tax written off
Non taxable gains on investments held at fair value 
through profit or loss
Excess management expenses not utilised in year
Unused loan relationship deficits for the year
Preference dividends not deductible in determining 
taxable profit
Capitalised expenses
Disallowable expenses

Current tax charge

Year ended 31 December 2013

Year ended 31 December 2012

Revenue
£’000
30,886
7,181

Capital
£’000
274,660
63,858

Total
£’000
305,546
71,039

Revenue
£’000
29,326
7,185

Capital
£’000
118,555
29,046

Total
£’000
147,881
36,231

(3,951)
(4,608)
1, 623

–
3, 183
1, 706

19

(3,537)
 7

1,623

–
–
–

(3,951)
(4,608)
1, 623

(67,395)
–
–

(67,395)
3, 183
1, 706

–

3,537
–

19

–
 7

–

1,623

(3,953)
(4,407)
1,603

–
2,313
1,677

21

(2,856)
20

1,603

–
–
–

(3,953)
(4,407)
1,603

(31,902)
–
–

(31,902)
2,313
1,677

–

2,856
–

21

–
20

–

1,603

(c) Deferred tax
Due to the Company’s status as an investment trust, and the intention to continue meeting the conditions required to obtain 
approval in the foreseeable future, the Company has not provided deferred tax on any capital gains and losses arising on the 
revaluation or disposal of investments.

No provision has been made for deferred tax on income outstanding at the end of the year as this will be covered by 
unrelieved business charges and eligible unrelieved foreign tax (2012: £nil).

(d) Factors that may affect future tax charges
The Company has not recognised a deferred tax asset of £ 2 8,338,000 (2012: £27,727,000) arising as a result of having 
unrelieved loan relationship deficits and eligible unrelieved foreign tax.

It is unlikely that the Company will obtain relief for these in the future so no deferred tax asset has been recognised.

70

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

8 Dividends

Amounts recognised as distributions to equity holders in the year:
Second interim dividend for the year ended 31 December 2012 of 7.2p (2011: 6.55p) 
per ordinary share
First interim dividend for the year ended 31 December 2013 of 3.3p (2012: 6.0p) 
per ordinary share*
Second interim dividend for the year ended 31 December 2013 of 3.3p (2012: nil) per ordinary share 
Third interim dividend for the year ended 31 December 2013 of 3.3p (2012: nil) per ordinary share

2013
£’000

2012
£’000

13,665

12,589

6,229
6,248
6,247

11,414
–
–

32,389

24,003

*Includes a write-back of £ 22,000 (2012: £17,000) of dividends unclaimed for 12 years or more.

Fourth interim dividend for the year ended 31 December 2013 of 4.5p (2012: second interim dividend 
7.2p) per ordinary share

8,519

13,665

Total in respect of the year:
Set out below is the total dividend to be paid in respect of the year. This is the basis on which the requirements of section 1158 
of the Corporation Tax Act 2010 are considered.

Revenue profits available for distribution
First interim dividend for the year ended 31 December 2013 of 3.3p (2012: 6.0p) per ordinary share
Second interim dividend for the year ended 31 December 2013 of 3.3p (2012: nil) per ordinary share
Third interim dividend for the year ended 31 December 2013 of 3.3p (2012: nil) per ordinary share 
Fourth interim dividend for the year ended 31 December 2013 of  4.5p (2012: second interim 
dividend 7.2p) per ordinary share

Revenue retained for the year

2013
£’000
29,263
(6,229)
(6,248)
(6,247)

2012
£’000
27,723
(11,414)
 – 
–

(8,519)

 (13,665)

2,020

2,644

9 Earnings  per ordinary share
The earnings  per ordinary share figure is based on the net profit for the year of £303,92 3,000 (2012: £146,278,000) and 
on(cid:123)189,472,414 ordinary shares (2012: 191,174,313), being the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during 
the year.

The earnings per ordinary share figure detailed above can be further analysed between revenue and capital, as below. The 
Company has no securities in issue that could dilute the return per ordinary share. Therefore the basic and diluted earnings 
per ordinary share are the same.

Net revenue profit
Net capital profit

Net total profit

2013
£’000
29, 263
274, 660

303,92 3

2012
£’000
27,723
118,555

146,278

Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year

189,472,414 191,174,313

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71

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the (cid:428) nancial statements continued
for the year ended 31 December 2013

9 Earnings  per ordinary share continued

Revenue earnings per ordinary share
Capital earnings per ordinary share

Total earnings per ordinary share

10 Investments held at fair value through profit or loss
(i) Group changes in investments held at fair value through profit or loss

2013
Pence
15.44
144.96

160.40

2012
Pence
14.50
62.02

76.52

Listed in the United Kingdom
Listed abroad
Unquoted at directors’ valuation (see note 10(vi))
Investment in subsidiary undertaking

(ii) Group changes in investments held at fair value through profit or loss

2013

2012

Group
£’000
630,736
806,226
–
–

Company
£’000
630,736
806,226
–
1,039

Group
£’000
560,328
640,788
960
–

Company
£’000
560,328
640,788
960
926

1,436,962 1,438,001 1,202,076 1,203,002

United Kingdom
North America
Continental Europe
Japan
Asia Pacific ( ex  Japan)
Latin America
Other

Valuation
31 December
2012
£’000
561,288
233,952
198,418
13,486
136,346
27,954
30,632

Purchases
£’000
 254,829
266,221
112,  579
50, 335
   190,793
2,  345
  4,048

Sales
£’000
369, 647
208,283
110, 576
24,240
18 9,339
12,081
17,288

Movement in
investment
holding
gains/(losses)
£’000
184, 266
59,043
11,  402
28, 236
  1,364
(1   ,799)
2,  678

Valuation
31 December
2013
£’000
630,736
350,933
211,823
67,817
139,164
16,419
20,070

Cost
31 December
2013
£’000
47  1,131
2 89,009
17 2,668
66,103
149, 415
1 9,019
20,255

1,202,076

    881,150

9 31,454

285, 190 1,436,962 1,   187,600

The above figures do not include the gains on futures positions.

Included in the above figures are purchase costs of £1,792,000 (2012: £865,000) and sales costs of £984,000 
(2012: £411,000). These comprise mainly stamp duty and commission and include £882,000 in respect of changes in 
portfolio managers (2012: £42,000).

(iii) Gains/(losses) on investments held at fair value though profit or loss

Realised gains on sales of investments
Realised gain on futures
Movement in investment holding gains
Movement in unrealised gain on futures
Net movement on foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents

72

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

2013
£’000
   160,414
4,465
   124,776
1,778
(1,562)

2012
£’000
20,977
2,458
107,608
368
(1,198)

289,871

130,213

(iv)  Derivatives
Open future contracts as at year ended 31 December 2013

Contract
Nikkei Index Future

During the period realised gains on closing of futures positions was £4,465,000.

Open future contracts as at year ended 31 December 2012

Contract
Long Gilt Future

Position 
long 
£’000 
750

Settlement 
value
£’000 
 33,497

 Nominal 
exposure
£’000 
 35,199

Unrealised 
 profit
£’000 
1,702

Position 
 short 
£’000 
(250)

Settlement 
value
£’000 
 (29,654)

 Nominal 
exposure
£’000 
(2 9,730)

Unrealised 
 loss
£’000 
(76)

During the period realised gains on closing of futures positions was £2,458,000.

( v) Substantial share interests
The Company has notified interests in 3% or more of the voting rights of    three of the investee companies, all of which are 
closed-ended investment funds. However, the Board does not consider any of the Company’s investments to be individually 
material in the context of these financial statements.

It is the Company’s stated policy to invest no more than 15% of its gross assets in other listed investment companies 
(including listed investment trusts).

(vi) Unquoted investments
The value of the unquoted investments as at 31 December 2013 was £nil (2012: £960,000 Cazenove Capital Holdings 
Limited). The holding in Cazenove Capital Holdings Limited was disposed of as a result of the acquisition of Cazenove Capital 
by Schroders  plc. This was effective on 2 July 2013 at 135p per share, which compares with a carrying value of 64p per share 
at(cid:123)31 December 2012.

11 Other receivables

Sales for future settlement
Unrealised gain on derivatives designated as held at fair value through profit 
or loss*
Taxation recoverable
Intercompany account
Prepayments and accrued income
Other debtors

2013

2012

Group
£’000
1,132

1,702
919
–
2,343
599

6,695

Company
£’000
1,132

1,702
919
396
2,343
56

6,548

Group
£’000
695

–
918
–
2,337
599

4,549

Company
£’000
695

–
918
483
2,337
28

4,461

*The unrealised gain on derivatives relates to a long position in Nikkei 225 Futures, nominal value at 31 December 2013: £35,199,000 (2012: £nil).

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Notes to the (cid:428) nancial statements continued
for the year ended 31 December 2013

12 Other payables

Purchases for future settlement
Unrealised loss on derivatives designated as held at fair value through profit 
or loss*
Share buy-backs awaiting settlement
Preference dividends
Accruals

2013

2012

Group
£’000
896

–
–
38
6,939

7,873

Company
£’000
896

–
–
38
6,671

7,605

Group
£’000
1,389

76
180
38
4,199

5,882

Company
£’000
1,389

76
180
38
3,926

5,609

*The unrealised loss on derivatives is nil (2012 relate d to a short position in Long Gilt Futures, nominal value at 31 December 201 2: £29,730,000).

13 Non current liabilities

Financial instruments redeemable other than in instalments are as follows:
8½ per cent. Debenture Stock 2016
6.125 per cent. Secured Bonds due 2025
2,055,000 3.4 per cent. cumulative preference shares of £1 each (see note 17 
on page  83)
500,000 2.7 per cent. cumulative preference shares of £1 each (see note 17 
on page  83)

2013

Group
£’000

Company
£’000

2012

Group
£’000

Company
£’000

44,584
63,233

44,584
63,233

44,587
63,174

44,587
63,174

2,055

2,055

2,055

2,055

500

500

500

500

110, 372

110, 372

110,316

110,316

On 15 December 2000 the Company issued £100,000,000 (nominal) 6.125 per cent. Secured Bonds due 2025, net of 
discount and issue costs totalling approximately £2,000,000. The discount and the issue costs will be written back over the 
life of the Secured Bonds. The nominal value of the remaining Secured Bonds in issue (£64,290,000 at 31 December 2013) 
is redeemable on 15 December 2025. The nominal value of the Debenture Stock is redeemable on 1 October 2016. The 
Debenture Stock and the Secured Bonds are secured by floating charges over all the undertaking and assets of the Company. 
The security of the charges applies pari passu to both issues.

14 Financial instruments
Risk management policies and procedures
As an investment company, Witan invests in equities and other investments for the long term so as to secure its investment 
objective as stated on  the inside front cover. In pursuing its investment objective, the Group is exposed to a variety of risks 
that could result in either a reduction in the Group’s net assets or a reduction in the profits available for distribution by way 
of dividends.

These risks, market risk (comprising price risk, currency risk and interest rate risk), liquidity risk and credit risk, and the 
directors’ approach to the management of them, are set out below.

The objectives, policies and processes for managing the risks and the methods used to manage the risks, as set out below, 
have not changed from the previous accounting period, although in some instances additional resources have been allocated 
to some areas.

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Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 
14.1 Market risk
The fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument held by the Group may fluctuate due to changes in market prices. 
This market risk comprises: price risk (see note 14.2), currency risk (see note 14.3) and interest rate risk (see note 14.4). The 
Board reviews and agrees policies for managing these risks, which policies have remained substantially unchanged from 
those applying in the year ended 31 December 201 2. The investment managers assess the exposure to market risk when 
making each investment decision and monitor the overall level of market risk on the whole of their investment portfolios on 
an ongoing basis.

14.2 Price risk
Price risks (ie changes in market prices other than those arising from interest rate risk or currency risk) may affect the value 
of the quoted and the unquoted investments.

Management of the risk
The Board manages the risks inherent in the investment portfolios by regularly reviewing relevant information from the 
investment managers. The Board meets regularly and at each meeting reviews investment performance. The Board monitors 
the managers’ compliance with their mandates and also whether each mandate and asset allocation is compatible with 
Witan’s objective.

 When appropriate, Witan has the ability to manage its exposure to risk through the controlled use of derivatives.

The Group’s exposure to other changes in market prices at 31 December on its quoted and unquoted equity investments, and 
on options on indices and investments, was as follows:

Investments held at fair value through profit or loss
 Nominal futures exposure (long position)

2013
£’000

2012
£’000
1,436,962 1,202,076
–

35,199

Concentration of exposure to price risks
An analysis of the Group’s investment portfolio is shown on page  25. This shows that the greater geographical weighting 
is to UK companies, with significant exposure also to North America, Asia and Continental Europe. Accordingly, there is a 
concentration of exposure to those regions, although an investment’s country of domicile or of listing does not necessarily 
equate to its exposure to the economic conditions in that country.

Price risk sensitivity
The following table illustrates the sensitivity of the profit after taxation for the year and the value of the shareholders’ 
funds to an increase or decrease of 15% in the fair values of the Group’s equity investments (including  exposure through 
 futures contracts). This level of change is considered to be reasonably possible based on observation of market conditions 
and historical trends. The sensitivity analysis is based on the Group’s equities and equity exposure through options at each 
balance sheet date, with all other variables held constant. The results of these example calculations are significant but not 
unreasonable, given that most of the Group’s assets are equity investments.

2013

2012

Increase
in fair value
£’000

Decrease
in fair value
£’000

Increase
in fair value
£’000

Decrease
in fair value
£’000

Income statement – profit after tax

Revenue return
Capital return – investments
Capital return – futures

–

–
215,544 (215,544)
(5,280)
 220,824  (220,824)

5,280

–
180,311
–
180,311

–
(180,311)
–
(180,311)

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

75

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the (cid:428) nancial statements continued
for the year ended 31 December 2013

14 Financial instruments continued
14.3 Currency risk
A proportion of the Group’s assets, liabilities and income  is denominated in currencies other than sterling (the Group’s 
functional currency, and the currency in which it reports its results). As a consequence, movements in exchange rates affect 
the sterling value of those items.

Management of the risk
The investment managers monitor their exposure to currencies as part of their normal investment processes. The Board 
receives a monthly report on the currency exposures of the entire fund.

Income denominated in foreign currencies is converted into sterling upon receipt. The Group does not normally use financial 
instruments to mitigate the currency exposure in the period between the time that income is included in the financial 
statements and its receipt.

Foreign currency exposure
The fair values of the Group’s monetary items that have foreign currency exposure at 31 December are shown    below. 
Where the Group’s equity investments (which are not monetary items) are denominated in a foreign currency, they have 
been included separately in the analysis so as to show the overall level of exposure.

2013
Receivables (due from brokers, dividends and other income receivable)
Receivables (unrealised gain on derivatives designated as held at fair 
value(cid:123)through profit or loss)
Cash at bank and on deposit
Payables (due to brokers, accruals and other creditors)
Total foreign currency exposure on net monetary items
Investments at fair value through profit or loss that are equities

Total net foreign currency exposure

2012
Receivables (due from brokers, dividends and other income receivable)
Cash at bank and on deposit
Payables (due to brokers, accruals and other creditors)
Total foreign currency exposure on net monetary items
Investments at fair value through profit or loss that are equities

Total net foreign currency exposure

US$
£’000
1,525

–

Euro
£’000
235

Yen
£’000
65

–

1,702

Other
£’000
713

–

857
(591)
1,791
353,727

1,504
–
1,739
141,957

8,202
–
9,969
64,929

49
(144)
618
259,361

355,518

143,696

74,898

259,979

US$
£’000
276
2,214
(12)
2,478
250,723

Euro
£’000
704
1,991
(397)
2,298
133,054

Yen
£’000
23
1,077
–
1,100
13,486

Other
£’000
796
73
(891)
(22)
181,028

253,201

135,352

14,586

181,006

The above amounts are not representative of the exposure to risk during the year as levels of monetary foreign currency 
exposure change significantly throughout the year.

Foreign currency sensitivity
The following table illustrates the sensitivity of the profit after tax for the year and the Group’s equity in regard to the Group’s 
monetary financial assets and financial liabilities and the exchange rates for the £/US dollar, £/Euro and £/Japanese yen. The 
results of these example calculations are significant but not unreasonable in the context of the majority of the Group’s assets 
being invested overseas.

It assumes the following changes in exchange rates:
£/US dollar +/- 15% (2012: 15%)
£/Euro +/- 15% (2012: 15%)
£/Japanese yen +/- 15% (2012: 15%)

76

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 
The sensitivity analysis is based on the Group’s monetary foreign currency financial instruments held at the balance sheet 
date and takes account of any forward foreign exchange contracts that offset the effects of changes in currency exchange 
rates.

If sterling had depreciated against the currencies shown, this would have had the following effect:

Income statement – profit after tax

Revenue return
Capital return

Change to the profit after tax

US$
£’000

1,248
62,422

63,670

2013

Euro
£’000

798
25,051

25,849

Yen
£’000

US$
£’000

140
11,458

11,598

1,175
44,245

45,420

2012

Euro
£’000

828
23,480

24,308

Change to the shareholders’ funds

63,670

25,849

11,598

45,420

24,308

 If sterling had appreciated against the currencies shown, this would have had the following effect:

Income statement – profit after tax

Revenue return
Capital return

US$
£’000

2013

Euro
£’000

Yen
£’000

US$
£’000

2012

Euro
£’000

(923)
(46,138)

(590)
(18,516)

(103)
(8,469)

(868)
(32,703)

(612)
(17,355)

Change to the profit after tax

(47,061)

(19,106)

(8,572)

(33,571)

(17,967)

Yen
£’000

61
2,380

2,441

2,441

Yen
£’000

(45)
(1,759)

(1,804)

Change to the shareholders’ funds

(47,061)

(19,106)

(8,572)

(33,571)

(17,967)

(1,804)

In the opinion of the directors, neither of the above sensitivity analyses  is representative of the year as a whole since the level 
of exposure changes frequently, as part of the currency risk management process used to meet the Group’s objective.

14.4 Interest rate risk
Interest rate movements may affect the level of income receivable from fixed interest securities and cash at bank and on 
deposit.

Management of the risk
The possible effects on fair value and cash flows that could arise as a result of changes in interest rates are taken into account 
when making investment decisions.

The Group holds cash balances, partly to meet payments as they fall due but also when appropriate to offset the long-term 
borrowings that it has in place.

The Group finances part of its activities through preference shares that do not have redemption dates and through debenture 
stock and secured bonds that were issued as part of the Company’s planned gearing.

Interest rate exposure
The exposure at 31 December 2013 of financial assets and financial liabilities to interest rate risk is shown by reference to:
> 
> 

floating interest rates: when the interest rate is due to be re-set; and 

fixed interest rates: when the financial instrument is due be repaid. 

The Group’s exposure to floating interest rates on assets is £47,532,000 (2012: £15,420,000). This represents cash holdings 
minus variable rate borrowing.

The Group’s exposure to fixed interest rates on assets is £15,543,000 (2012: £28,704,000). This represents investments in bonds.

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

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Notes to the (cid:428) nancial statements continued
for the year ended 31 December 2013

 14 Financial instruments continued
The Group’s exposure to fixed interest rates on liabilities is £110, 372,000 (2012: £110,316,000). This represents fixed rate 
borrowing.

Interest receivable and finance costs are at the following rates:
> 

 interest received on cash balances, or paid on bank overdrafts and loans, is at margin under/over LIBOR or its foreign 
currency equivalent (2012: same); 

> 
> 
> 

the finance charge on the preference shares is at a weighted average interest rate of 3.3% (2012: 3.3%); 

the finance charge on the debenture stock is at a weighted average interest rate of 8.5% (2012: 8.5%); and 

the finance charge on the secured bonds is at a weighted average interest rate of 6.125% (2012: 6.125%). 

 The above year end amounts are not representative of the exposure to interest rates during the year, as the level of exposure 
changes as investments are made in fixed interest securities, long-term debt is partially redeemed and as the level of 
cash balances varies during the year. In the context of the Group’s balance sheet, the exposure to interest rate risk is not 
considered to be material.

Interest rate sensitivity
Based on the Group’s monetary financial instruments at each balance sheet date, an increase or decrease of 200 basis points 
in interest rates would decrease or increase revenue return after tax by £1,101,000 (2012: £623,000), capital return after tax 
by £150,000 (2012: £315,000), and total profit after tax and shareholders’ funds by £951,000 (2012: £308,000).

At 31 December 2012, the Group had a short position in Long Gilt Futures with a nominal value of £29,730,000. An increase 
of 100 basis points in  gilt yields would have increased net capital return after tax and shareholders’ funds by £2,081,000. 
A decrease of 100 basis points in  gilt yields would have decreased net capital return after tax and shareholders’ funds by 
£2,081,000. At 31 December 2013, the Group did not have any interest rate exposure by way of futures contracts.

This level of change is considered to be reasonably possible based on observation of current market conditions. This is not 
representative of the year as a whole, since the exposure changes as investments are made. In the context of the Group’s 
balance sheet, the outcome is not considered to be material.

14.5 Liquidity risk
This is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with its financial liabilities.

Management of the risk
Liquidity risk is not significant as the majority of the Group’s assets are investments in quoted equities and other quoted 
securities that are readily realisable. The Group has borrowed £44,587,000 by its issue in 1986 of 8½ per cent Debenture 
Stock 2016 and £63,174,000 by its issue in 2000 of 6.125 per cent Secured Bonds due 2025. The Group is able to draw short-
term borrowings of up to the sterling equivalent of £50 million from its secured and committed multi-currency borrowing 
facility of £50 million with BNP Paribas, London Branch (expiring in December 2014). £10,000,000 was drawn down under the 
facility at 31 December 2013 (2012: £21,000,000).

The Board gives guidance to the investment managers as to the maximum amount of the Company’s resources that should 
be invested in any one company. The policy is that the Group should remain fully invested in normal market conditions.

Liquidity risk exposure
The remaining contractual maturities of the financial liabilities at 31 December 2013, based on the earliest date on which 
payment can be required, were as follows:

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Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Debenture stock*
Secured bonds*
Preference shares†
Other creditors and accruals
Bank loan

Within
1 year
£’000
3,790
3,938
83
7,87 3
10,000

25,68 4

2013

Between
1 and 5 years
£’000
51,222
15,751
332
–
–

More than
5 years
£’000
–
91,681
2,555
–
–

67,305

94,236

Within
1 year
£’000
3,790
3,938
83
5,882
21,000

34,693

2012

Between
1 and 5 years
£’000
55,012
15,751
332
–
–

More than
5 years
£’000
–
95,619
2,555
–
–

71,095

98,174

* The above figures show interest payable over the remaining terms of each instrument. The figures in the ‘between 1 and 5 years’ and ‘more than 5 years’ columns also 
include the capital to be repaid.
† The figures in the ‘more than 5 years’ columns do not include the ongoing annual finance cost of £83,000.

14.6 Credit risk
The failure of the counterparty to a transaction to discharge its obligations under that transaction could result in the Group 
suffering a loss.

 Management of the risk
The risk is managed as follows:
> 

 interest received on cash balances, or paid on bank overdrafts and loans, is at margin under/over LIBOR or its foreign 
currency equivalent;

 > 

> 

> 

 transactions involving derivatives are entered into only with investment banks, the credit rating of which is taken into 
account so as to minimise the risk to the Group of default; 

  investment transactions are carried out with a large number of brokers, whose credit standard is reviewed periodically 
by the investment managers, and limits are set on the amount that may be due from any one broker; 

  cash at bank is held only with reputable banks with high quality external credit ratings. 

None of the Group’s financial liabilities are past their due dates or impaired.

Credit risk exposure
The table below summarises the credit risk exposure of the Group as at the year end.

Fixed interest securities
Cash
Receivables:

Sales for future settlement
Unrealised gain on derivatives designated as held at fair value through profit or loss
Taxation recoverable
Accrued income
Other debtors

2013
£’000
15,543
57,532

1,132
1,702
919
2,343
599

2012
£’000
28,704
36,420

695
–
918
2,337
599

79,770

69,673

14.7 Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities
Except for those financial liabilities measured at amortised cost that are shown below, the financial assets and financial 
liabilities are either carried in the balance sheet at their fair value (investments and derivatives) or the balance sheet amount 
is a reasonable approximation of fair value (amounts due from brokers, dividends and interest receivable, amounts due to 
brokers, accruals, cash at bank and bank overdrafts).

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

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Notes to the (cid:428) nancial statements continued
for the year ended 31 December 2013

14 Financial instruments continued

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost:
Non current liabilities
Preference shares
Debenture stock
Secured bonds

2013

Fair
value
£’000

Balance
sheet
amount
£’000

2012

Fair
value
£’000

Balance
sheet
amount
£’000

1,379
51,359
71,992

2,555
44, 584
63,233

1,379
53,136
80,232

2,555
44,587
63,174

124,730

110, 372

134,747

110,316

The fair values shown above are derived from the offer price at which the securities are quoted on the London Stock Exchange.

  Fair value hierarchy disclosures
The table below sets out fair value measurements using the IFRS 7 fair value hierarchy.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

At 31 December 2013
Equity investments
Investments in other funds
Derivatives (      nominal exposure      of £35,199,000)

Total

At 31 December 2012
Equity investments
Investments in other funds
Derivatives ( gross nominal value    of £29,730,000)

Total

Level 1
£’000
1,320,871
–
1,702

Level 2
£’000
–
116,091
–

Level 3
£’000

Total
£’000
– 1,320,871
116,091
–
1,702
–

1,322,573

116,091

– 1,438,664

Level 1
£’000
1,140,648
–
(76)

1,140,572

Level 2
£’000
–
60,468
–

60,468

Level 3
Total
£’000
£’000
960 1,141,608
60,468
(76)

–
–

960 1,202,000

Categorisation within the hierarchy has been determined on the basis of the lowest level input that is significant to the fair 
value measurement of the relevant asset as follows:

Level 1 – valued using quoted prices in an active market for identical assets.

Level 2 – valued by reference to valuation techniques using observable inputs other than quoted prices within Level 1.

Level 3 – valued by reference to valuation techniques using inputs that are not based on observable market data.

The valuation techniques used by the Group are explained in the accounting policies in note 1(h). There were no transfers 
during the year between Level 1 and Level 2. A reconciliation of fair value measurements in Level 3 is set out below.

Level 2 Financial assets
Level 2 Financial assets refer to investments in Trilogy Emerging Markets Fund,  Polar Capital Insurance Fund, Polar Japan 
funds and iShares MSCI fund (201 2: Trilogy Emerging Markets Fund and Polar Capital Insurance Fund).

80

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 
Level 3 Reconciliation of Level 3 fair value measurement of financial assets

At 31 December 2013
Opening fair value
Purchases at cost
Sales proceeds
Total gains included in gains on investments in the Statement of Comprehensive Income:
– on sold assets
– on assets held at the  beginning of the year

Closing fair value

£’000
960
–
(2,025)

1,176
(111)

–

  The Group’s capital management objectives are:
> 
> 

to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern; and 

 to maximise the income and capital return to its equity shareholders through an appropriate balance of equity capital 
and debt. 

The Group’s total capital employed at 31 December 2013 was £1,493,31 6,000 (2012: £1,237,163,000) comprising 
£120, 372,000 of debt (2012: £131,316,000) and £1,372,94 4,000 of equity share capital and other reserves (2012: 
£1,105,847,000).

 Gearing
The Group’s policy is to manage the effective gearing in the portfolio  to be below 20%, other than temporarily in exceptional 
circumstances. Effective gearing is defined as the difference between shareholders’ funds and the total market value of the 
investments (including the  nominal value (effective underlying exposure) of futures positions which were £35,119,000 long 
at 31 December 2013 (2012: £29,730,000 short)) expressed as a percentage of shareholders’ funds. At 31 December 2013 
effective gearing was 7. 3% (2012: 6.1%) and the calculation is set out below: 

Value of investments per the Balance Sheet
Add:
Nominal exposure of Gilt Futures
Nominal exposure of Nikkei 225 Futures

Adjusted Gross Value of Investments (including Futures nominal exposure)

Shareholders’ funds per the Balance Sheet (A)
Excess of Gross Value of Investments over shareholder funds (B)
Effective gearing (B as a percentage of A)

2013
£’000

2012
£’000
1,438,001 1,203,002

–
35,199

(29,730)
–

1,473,200 1,173,272

1,372,944 1,105,847
67,425
6. 1%

100,256
7.3%

 The Board monitors and reviews the broad structure of the Group’s capital on an ongoing basis. This review includes:
> 
> 

the planned level of gearing, which takes into account the Chief Executive Officer’s view on the market; 

 the need to buy back equity shares for cancellation, which takes account of the difference between the net asset value 
per share and the share price (ie the level of share price discount or premium); and 

> 

 the extent to which revenue in excess of that which is required to be distributed should be retained. 

The Group’s objectives, policies and processes for managing capital are unchanged from the preceding accounting period.

Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

81

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Notes to the (cid:428) nancial statements continued
for the year ended 31 December 2013

14 Financial instruments continued
The Company is subject to several externally imposed capital requirements:
> 

 the terms of issue of the Company’s debenture stock and secured bonds require the aggregate amount outstanding in 
respect of borrowings, measured in accordance with the policies used to prepare the annual financial statements, not 
to exceed a sum equal to the Company’s capital and reserves at any time; 

> 
> 

as a public company, the Company has a minimum issued share capital of £50,000; and 

 in order to be able to pay dividends out of profits available for distribution by way of dividends, the Company has to be 
able to meet one of the two capital restriction tests imposed on investment companies by company law. 

These requirements are unchanged since the previous year end and the Company has complied with them.

 15 Called up share capital

Called up, issued and fully paid:
189,311,000 ordinary shares of 25p each (2012: 190,079,500)

Group and
Company
2013
£’000

Group and
Company
2012
£’000

47,328

47,520

During the year, 768,500 ordinary shares were bought back for cancellation at a cost of £4,437,000 (2012: 2,287,500 ordinary 
shares at a cost of £10,777,000).

 16 Share premium account and reserves

Share
premium
account
£’000

Capital
redemption
reserve
£’000

Capital
reserve
arising on
investments
£’000

Capital
reserve
arising on
revaluation
of 
investments
held
£’000

Revenue
reserve
£’000

57,076
–
–
–
–
29,263
(32,389)

46,306
–
–
–
192
–
–

814,198
177,622
(1,562)
(15,211)
(4,437)
–
–

124,510
113,811
–
–
–
–
–

46,498

970,610

238,321

53,950

46,306
–
–
–
192
–
–

814,198
177,622
(1,562)
(15,211)
(4,437)
–
–

124,536
113,924
–
–
–
–
–

57,050
–
–
–
–
29,150
(32,389)

46,498

970,610

238,460

53,811

Group
At 1 January 2013
Net movement on investments
Net movement on foreign exchange
Expenses and interest payable charged to capital net of tax relief
Buy-backs of ordinary shares
Profit for the year
Ordinary dividends paid

At 31 December 2013

Company

At 1 January 2013
Net movement on investments
Net movement on foreign exchange
Expenses and interest payable charged to capital net of tax relief
Buy-backs of ordinary shares
Profit for the year
Ordinary dividends paid

At 31 December 2013

82

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

16,237
–
–
–
–
–
–

16,237

16,237
–
–
–
–
–
–

16,237

 17 Preference shares
Included in non current liabilities is £2,555,000 in respect of issued preference shares as follows:

2,055,000 3.4 per cent. cumulative preference shares of £1 each
500,000 2.7 per cent. cumulative preference shares of £1 each

Group and
Company
2013
£’000
2,055
500

Group and
Company
2012
£’000
2,055
500

2,555

2,555

The 3.4 per cent. and 2.7 per cent. cumulative preference shares constitute a single class and confer the right, in priority to 
any other class of shares:

(i) 

 to receive a fixed cumulative preferential dividend at the respective rates (exclusive of tax credit thereon) of 3.4 per 
cent. and 2.7 per cent. per annum, such dividend being payable half-yearly on 15 January and 15 July in each year, in 
respect of the 3.4 per cent. cumulative preference shares, and on 1 February and 1 August in each year, in respect of the 
2.7 per cent. cumulative preference shares; and 

(ii) 

 to receive repayment of capital at par in a winding up of the Company (but do not confer any further right to participate 
in profits or assets). 

 The preference shareholders are entitled to receive notices of general meetings of the Company but are not entitled to attend 
or vote thereat (except on a resolution for the voluntary liquidation of the Company or for any alteration to the objects of the 
Company as set out in its Articles of Association).

In the event of a poll at a general meeting of the Company, every member of the Company who is present in person or 
by proxy and who is entitled to vote thereat, whether an ordinary shareholder or, in the circumstances outlined above, a 
preference shareholder, has one vote for every £1 nominal value of shares registered in their name. Accordingly, on a poll 
each ordinary shareholder has one vote for every four shares held.

18 Net asset value per ordinary share
The net asset value per ordinary share 725.23p (2012: 581.8p) is based on the net assets attributable to the ordinary
shares of £1,372,94 4,000 (2012: £1,105,847,000) and on the 189,311,000 ordinary shares in issue at 31 December 2013
(2012: 190,079,500).

The movements during the year of the net assets attributable to the ordinary shares were as follows:

Total net assets at 1 January 2013
Total profit for the year
Dividends paid in the year on the ordinary shares (see note 8)
Buy-backs of ordinary shares

Net assets attributable to the ordinary shares at 31 December 2013

£’000
1,105,847
303,923
(32,389)
(4,437)

1,372,944

An alternative net asset value per ordinary share can be calculated by deducting from the total assets less current liabilities of 
the Company the preference shares, the debenture stock and the secured bonds at their market (or fair) values rather than at 
their par (or book) values. Details of the alternative values are set out in note 14.7. The net asset value per ordinary share at
31 December 2013 calculated on this basis is 717. 6p (2012: 568.9p).

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

83

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the (cid:428) nancial statements continued
for the year ended 31 December 2013

19 Note to the cash flow statements
Purchases and sales of investments are considered to be operating activities of the Company, given its purpose, rather than 
investing activities. However, the cash flows associated with these activities are presented below.

Proceeds on disposal of fair value through profit or loss investments
Purchases of fair value through profit or loss investments

Group and
Company
2013
£’000
9   31,017
(8   80,387)

Group and
Company
2012
£’000
315,749
(304,836)

50,630

10,913

20 Capital commitments and contingent liabilities
At 31 December 201 3 there were capital commitments in respect of securities not fully paid up of £nil (201 2: £nil) and 
underwriting liabilities of £nil (201 2: £nil). In November 2005 the Company took a five year lease on office premises at 
14 Queen Anne’s Gate, London SW1 which was renewed for a further five years in October 2010.

 21 Operating lease arrangements

Minimum lease payments under operating leases recognised for the year

2013
£’000

49

2012
£’000

49

At the balance sheet date, the Group had outstanding commitments for the future minimum lease payments under
non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:

Within one year
In the second to fifth years inclusive

2013
£’000
49
51

100

2012
£’000
49
100

149

The operating lease payments represent rentals payable by the Group for its office property.

The lease was re-negotiated during 2010 for a further term of five years. Rentals are fixed for an average of five years.

22 Subsidiary undertaking
The Company has an investment in the issued ordinary share capital of its wholly-owned subsidiary undertaking, Witan 
Investment Services Limited, which was incorporated on 28 October 2004, is registered in England and Wales and operates in 
the United Kingdom.

23 Related party transactions disclosures
Balances and transactions between the Company and its subsidiary, which are related parties, amounting to £286,000 have 
been eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed in this note.

Remuneration of key management personnel
The remuneration of the directors, who are the key management personnel of the company for each of the relevant 
categories specified in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures is provided in the audited part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report 
on pages  45 to  46.

Directors’ transactions
Dividends totalling £235,000 (2012: £168,000) were paid in the year in respect of ordinary shares held by the Company’s directors.

84

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 24 Segment Reporting
The Group adopted IFRS 8 Operating Segments with effect from 1 January 2009. IFRS 8 requires operating segments to be 
identified on the basis of internal reports about components of the Group that are reviewed regularly by the Chief Executive 
Officer and that are used to allocate resources to the segments and to assess their performance. The identification of the 
Group’s reportable segments did not change as a result of the adoption of IFRS 8.

Geographical segments
Geographical segments are considered to be the primary reporting segment. An analysis of investment income by 
geographical segment is set out in note 2 on page  67. Analyses of expenses by geographical segment and of profit by 
geographical segment have not been given as it is not possible to prepare such information in a meaningful way. An analysis 
of the investments by geographical segment is set out in note 10 on page  72. Analyses of the remaining assets and liabilities 
by geographical region have not been given as either it is not possible to prepare such information in a meaningful way or the 
results are not considered to be significant.

 Business segments
Business segments are considered to be the secondary reporting segment. The Group has two business segments: (i) its 
activity as an investment trust, which is the business of the parent company, Witan Investment Trust plc, and recorded in the 
accounts of that company; and (ii) the provision of executive and marketing management services and the management of 
savings schemes, which is the business of the subsidiary company, Witan Investment Services Limited, and recorded in the 
accounts of that company.

 Revenue
 Interest expense
 Net result

Investment
trust
£’000
38,203
 8,329
 303,923

2013

Management
services
£’000
1,189
 –
 –

 Investment 
trust
£’000
 35,893
 8,207
 146,278

2012

 Management 
services
£’000
1,157
–
–

 Total
£’000
37,050
8,207
146,278

 Total
£’000
 39,392
 8,329
 303,923

Carrying amount of assets

1,371,905

1,039 1,372,944 1,104,921

926 1,105,847

 2 5 Subsequent events
 Since the year end, the Board has declared a fourth interim dividend in respect of the year ended 31 December 2013 of 4.5p 
per ordinary share (see also page  4 and note 8 on page  71).

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Annual Report 2013  Witan Investment Trust plc

85

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Historical record
(unaudited)

Debt at fair value

Debt at par value

Market price 
per ordinary 
share in pence
331.5
414.0
454.5
478.5
351.0
444.6
516.5
450.0
503.0
669.0

Net asset
value per
ordinary share

Share price
discount

Net asset
value per
ordinary share

in pence(b)
384.4
458.9
508.4
537.9
400.3
497.0
578.1
503.7
568.9
717. 6

%(b)

13.8
9.8
10.6
11.0
12.3
10.5
10.7
10.7
11.6(d)
6.8(d)

in pence(c)
390.2(a)
469.5(a)
517.1
545.7
410.1
502.7
584.4
516.9
581.8
725.2

Share price
discount

%(c)

Earnings
per ordinary 
share in pence

15.0
11.8
12.1
12.3
14.4
11.6
11.6
12.9
13.5
7.7

8.63(a)
8.96(a)
10.24
11.08
11.60
10.63
9.45
13.27
14.50
15.44

Dividends
per ordinary 
share in pence
8.60
8.80
9.20
9.90
10.20
10.50
10.90
12.00
13.20
14.40

31 December 2004
31 December 2005
31 December 2006
31 December 2007
31 December 2008
31 December 2009
31 December 2010
31 December 2011
31 December 2012
31 December 2013

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

 The figure for 2005 has been calculated in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRSs’) as adopted by the European Union and the figure 
for 2004 has been restated in accordance with IFRSs. The figures for the earlier years have not been restated. 
 The net asset value per ordinary share is calculated by deducting from the total assets less current liabilities of the Group the fixed borrowings at their fair (or 
market) values. The share price discount shown reflects this calculation. 
 The net asset value per ordinary share is calculated by deducting from the total assets less current liabilities of the Group the fixed borrowings at their par (not 
their market) values. The share price discount shown reflects this calculation. 

(d)  The average discount to the net asset value, excluding income, with debt at market value, in 2013 was  8.3% (2012: 10.7%). (Source: Datastream) 

Unsolicited approaches for shares: warning to Shareholders

Many companies have become aware that their shareholders have received unsolicited phone calls or correspondence 
concerning investment matters. These are typically from overseas based ‘brokers’ who target UK shareholders offering to 
sell them what often turn out to be worthless or high risk shares in US or UK investments. They can be very persistent and 
extremely persuasive. Shareholders are therefore advised to be very wary of any unsolicited advice, offers to buy shares at 
a discount or offers of free company reports.

Please note that it is very unlikely that either the Company or the Company’s Registrar, Computershare Investor Services 
PLC, would make unsolicited telephone calls to shareholders and that any such calls would relate only to official 
documentation already circulated to shareholders and never in respect of investment ‘advice’.

If you are in any doubt about the veracity of an unsolicited phone call, please call either the Company Secretary or the 
Registrar at the numbers provided on page  88.

86

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

Witan Wisdom and Jump

How to invest
There is a variety of ways to invest in Witan Investment Trust 
plc. Naturally, Witan’s shares can be traded through any UK 
stockbroker. Advisers who wish to purchase Witan for their 
clients can also do so via a growing number of platforms that 
offer investment trusts including Ascentric, Alliance Trust 
Savings, Nucleus, Raymond James, Seven IM and Transact. 
Witan is also available for investment through the two 
savings schemes managed by Witan Investment Services – 
Witan Wisdom and Jump Savings.

Witan Wisdom
Shareholders who hold their investment via the Witan 
Wisdom product have already been notified that from
6 April 2014 we will be changing the charging structure of 
the savings scheme. From 6 April 2014, there will be a single 
flat annual fee of £30 +VAT for both the Witan Wisdom Share 
Plan and ISA. There will be no charge other than government 
stamp duty, for regular savings or dividend reinvestment. 
Lump sum dealing will be charged at a flat rate of £15.

Witan Wisdom offers two different savings wrappers:

The Witan Wisdom ISA is a stocks and shares ISA that 
enables investors to buy Witan shares within a tax efficient 
wrapper. Investors have an annual ISA allowance of up 
to £11,520 for the 2013/14 tax year, rising to £11,880 for 
the 2014/15 tax year. The minimum lump sum investment 
with Witan Wisdom ISA is £2,000, with the regular savings 
minimum being £100 per month. Investors can also transfer 
existing ISAs to Witan Wisdom while retaining their tax 
efficient wrapper during and after transfer.

The Witan Wisdom Share Plan is our straightforward, low-
cost savings scheme. The minimum lump sum investment 
is £500, and the minimum regular contribution is £50 per 
month or quarter. There is no maximum. Accounts can also 
be held jointly, or designated to a child.

Jump Savings for children
Jump gives parents, grandparents and other adults the 
chance to invest in Witan on behalf of a child. This flexible 
savings plan has a minimum lump sum investment set at 
£250 and regular contributions can be made from £50 
per month or quarter. Jump is available in three different 
wrappers:

Junior ISA – Is a tax efficient wrapper available to children 
born before 1 September 2002 or after 3 January 2012, or 
those who did not qualify for a Child Trust Fund. The account 
can only be opened by the parent though others can add 

to it. It currently has an annual subscription limit of £3,720 
for the 2013/14 tax year, which will increase to £ 3,840 for 
the 2014/15 tax year. You can open a Jump Junior ISA with a 
minimum lump sum investment of £250 or £50 per month 
or quarter.

Jump Child Trust Fund – Like the Junior ISA, the Child Trust 
Fund (CTF) is a tax efficient savings vehicle with an annual 
limit of £3,720 each year (measured by the child’s birthday), 
which will increase to £ 3,840 from 6 April 2014. Each child 
born in the UK from 1 September 2002 up to and including
2 January 2012 was eligible for a CTF. You can transfer 
existing CTFs to Jump subject to a minimum transfer value
of £1,000. 

Jump Savings Plan – the Jump Savings Plan offers greater 
flexibility than the Junior ISA or Child Trust Fund in terms 
of the limits, access and control of the investment. It can 
also be opened by grandparents, relatives and other family 
friends. You can open a Jump Savings Plan with a lump sum 
investment of £250 or £50 per month or quarter.

(n.b. With a flat rate annual fee of £30 +VAT for Jump, the cost 
is high for the minimum subscription level. Investors should 
consider if this is suitable for them if they do not plan to add 
to the account.)

Brochures and applications for all of our products are available 
by calling 0800 082 81 80 or online via  www.witan.com. 
If you would prefer to write to request further information, 
the address details can be found on page  88.

Witan Investment Trust plc is an equity investment. Investors 
are reminded that past performance is not a guide to 
future performance and the value of investments and the 
income from them may go down as well as up and investors 
may not get back the amount originally invested. Please 
note that tax assumptions may change if the law changes, 
and the value of tax relief (if any) will depend upon your 
individual circumstances. Investors should consult their 
own tax advisers in order to understand any applicable tax 
consequences. Issued and approved by Witan Investment 
Services Limited. Witan Investment Services Limited of 
14 Queen Anne’s Gate, London SW1H 9AA is registered in 
England and Wales number 5272533. Witan Investment 
Services provides investment products and services and is 
authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. 
We may record telephone calls for our mutual protection and 
to improve customer service.

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87

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Shareholder information

Points of Contact
If you have any questions or need more information 
concerning Witan, you may contact us in the following ways:

you should dial 18001 followed by the number you wish
to dial.

 Freephone:
0800 082 8180

 E-mail: 
wisdom@ifdsgroup.co.uk

 Post:
For Witan Wisdom and Jump Savings queries:
Witan Wisdom
PO Box 10550
Chelmsford
CM99 2BA

Points of Reference
You can follow the progress of your investment through the 
newspapers. Witan’s share price appears daily in the national 
press stock exchange listings under ‘Investment Trusts’ or 
‘Investment Companies’ and is also included on the Witan 
website (www.witan.com).

The London Stock Exchange Daily Official List (SEDOL) code 
is 0974406.

Dividend
A fourth interim dividend of  4.5 p per share has been 
declared, payable on 28 March 2014. The record date for the 
dividend was 28 February 2014 and the ex-dividend date for 
the dividend was 26 February 2014 (see pages  4 and  28).

Registered Office
14 Queen Anne’s Gate
London SW1H 9AA

Company Secretary
Frostrow Capital LLP
25 Southampton Buildings
London WC2A 1AL
Telephone: 020 3008 4910

Registered Number
Registered as an investment company in England and Wales,
Number 101625.

Custodian and Investment Administrator
BNP Paribas Securities Services
55 Moorgate
London EC2R 7PA

Registrar
Computershare Investor Services PLC
The Pavilions
Bridgwater Road
Bristol BS99 6ZZ
Telephone: 0870 707 1408*

* Calls cost about 7 pence per minute from a BT line; calls from other providers, or 
from mobile phones, may cost more.

Capital Gains Tax
The calculation of the tax on chargeable gains will depend on 
your personal circumstances. If you are in any doubt about 
your personal tax position, you are recommended to contact 
your professional adviser.

Auditor
Deloitte LLP
Chartered Accountants
2 New Street Square
London EC4A 3BZ

Solicitors
Herbert Smith Freehills LLP
Exchange House
Primrose Street
London EC2A 2HS

Stockbroker
J.P. Morgan Cazenove
25 Bank Street
Canary Wharf
London E14 5JP

Dickson Minto W.S.
16 Charlotte Square
Edinburgh EH2 4DF

       The Company is a member of:

Disability Act
Copies of this Annual Report and other documents issued by 
Witan Investment Trust plc are available from the Company 
Secretary. If needed, copies can be made available in a
variety of formats, including Braille, audio tape or larger type 
as appropriate.

You can contact our Registrar, Computershare Investor 
Services PLC, which has installed textphones to allow 
speech and hearing impaired people who have their own 
telephone to contact them directly, without the need for an 
intermediate operator, by dialling 0870 702 0005. Specially 
trained operators are available during normal business hours 
to answer queries via this service.

Alternatively, if you prefer to go through a ‘typetalk’ operator 
(provided by The Royal National Institute for Deaf People), 

88

Witan Investment Trust plc Annual Report 2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
Our relationship with the RHS

Witan Investment Trust has enjoyed a fruitful relationship with 
the Royal Horticultural Society (‘RHS’) for more than 15 years. 
Over this time Witan has helped the RHS to redevelop a number 
of new gardens at Wisley including the Walled Garden West, the 
Herb Garden and most recently the Bowes-Lyon Rose Garden.
Witan shareholders who hold their shares through Witan 
Wisdom or Jump Savings, or on the main register, are eligible 
to apply for a ballot for a ticket that will allow free entry for 
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If you would like to request a ticket then please 
phone us on 0800 082 8180 or email us at 
wisdom@ifdsgroup.co.uk.

Printed by Park Communications on FSC®(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:428)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:17)

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