Xbiotech Inc
Annual Report 2019

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 ______________________________________ FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 Commission file number 001-37437 ______________________________________ XBIOTECH INC. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) British Columbia, Canada (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) N/A (IRS Employer Identification No.) 5217 Winnebago Ln, Austin, TX 78744 (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) Telephone Number (512) 386-2900 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) ______________________________________ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, no par value Trading Symbol(s) XBIT Name of each exchange on which registered NASDAQ Global Select Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None ______________________________________ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller Reporting Company ☒ Emerging Growth Company ☒ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of December 31, 2019, was approximately $581,565,527, based upon the closing sales price for the registrant’s common stock, as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market. The calculation of the aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity excludes 10,369,899 shares of common stock the registrant held by executive officers, directors and shareholders that the registrant concluded were affiliates of the registrant on that date. Exclusion of such shares should not be construed to indicate that any such person possesses the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the direction of management or policies of the registrant or that such person is controlled by or under common control with the registrant. As of March 16, 2020, 28,852,927 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock were outstanding. Certain portions, as expressly described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Stockholders, to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of the year covered by this Annual Report, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report where indicated. Documents incorporated by reference: TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS ITEM 2. PROPERTIES ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES. PART II ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE OF MARKET RISKS ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION PART III ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTATIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDENDENCE ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY 2 5 14 35 35 35 35 36 36 37 43 44 62 62 62 63 63 63 63 63 63 66 CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This annual report contain forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this annual report, including, without limitation, statements regarding the assumptions we make about our business and economic model, our dividend policy, business strategy and other plans and objectives for our future operations, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include declarations regarding our management’s beliefs and current expectations. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “expects,” “plans,” “contemplate,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “projects,” “intend” or “continue” or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties in predicting future results and conditions that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements. Some, but not all, of the forward-looking statements contained in this annual report include, among other things, statements about the following: • • • • • • • • • • • • • our ability to obtain regulatory approval to market and sell our product candidates in the United States, Europe and elsewhere; the initiation, timing, cost, progress and success of our research and development programs, preclinical studies and clinical trials for our product candidates; our ability to advance product candidates into, and successfully complete, clinical trials; our ability to successfully commercialize the sale of our product candidates in the United States, Europe and elsewhere; our ability to recruit sufficient numbers of patients for our future clinical trials for our pharmaceutical products; our ability to achieve profitability; our ability to obtain funding for our operations, including research funding; our ability to identify additional new products using our True Human™ antibody discovery platform; the implementation of our business model and strategic plans; our ability to develop and commercialize product candidates for orphan and niche indications independently; our commercialization, marketing and manufacturing capabilities and strategy; our ability to protect our intellectual property and operate our business without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others; our expectations regarding federal, state and foreign regulatory requirements; 3 • • • • • • • • • • • the therapeutic benefits, effectiveness and safety of our product candidates; the accuracy of our estimates of the size and characteristics of the markets that may be addressed by our products and product candidates; the rate and degree of market acceptance and clinical utility of our future products, if any; the timing of and our collaborators’ ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for our product candidates; our expectations regarding market risk, including interest rate changes, foreign currency fluctuations and regional or global economic impacts caused by public health threats, such as the outbreak of coronavirus or other infectious diseases; our belief in the sufficiency of our cash flows to meet our needs for at least the next 12 to 24 months; our expectations regarding the timing during which we will be an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act; our ability to engage and retain the employees required to grow our business; our future financial performance and projected expenditures; developments relating to our competitors and our industry, including the success of competing therapies that are or become available; and estimates of our expenses, future revenue, capital requirements and our needs for additional financing. You should also read the matters described in the “Risk Factors” and the other cautionary statements made in this annual report as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this annual report. We cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this annual report will prove to be accurate and therefore you are encouraged not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. You should read this annual report completely. 4 ITEM 1 BUSINESS Overview PART I XBiotech Inc. (“XBiotech” or the “Company) is a biopharmaceutical company that discovers and develops True Human™ monoclonal antibodies for treating a variety of diseases. True Human™ monoclonal antibodies are derived from those which occur naturally in human beings—as opposed to being derived from animal immunization or otherwise engineered. XBiotech’s belief is that naturally occurring monoclonal antibodies have the potential to be safer, more effective and faster to develop than their non-naturally occurring counterparts. XBiotech is developing a pipeline of product candidates targeting both inflammatory and infectious diseases and has developed commercial scale manufacturing technology and infrastructure that reduces the cost and time to launch new product candidates. The Company has fully integrated development capabilities at its headquarters in Austin, Texas including non-clinical and clinical operations and manufacturing. The Company’s major medical focus is developing anti-inflammatory therapies by using human derived True Human™ antibodies that neutralize the inflammation-causing substance interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1a). IL-1a is a protein that is on or in cells of the body and causes inflammation in response to injury. In almost all chronic and in some acute injury scenarios (such as stroke or heart attack), IL-1a can cause pathological inflammation, resulting in harm or disease exacerbation. In a recent transaction, XBiotech sold a True Human™ antibody that blocked IL-1a activity and was used successfully in a number of clinical trials (the “Janssen Transaction”). The sale of the antibody generated $675 million in upfront cash with an additional $75 million held in an escrow account and up to $600 million in potential milestone payments. As part of the Janssen Transaction, XBiotech agreed not to further develop any anti- IL-1a antibodies in dermatology. The Company is pursuing the development of other True Human™ antibodies targeting IL-1a for areas of medicine outside of dermatology. Due to the speed and effectiveness of the Company’s True Human™ antibody discovery technology, the Company has already identified new IL-1a targeting product candidates that it is planning to bring into the clinic. While the Company previously was focused on a single True Human™ antibody targeting IL-1a, it now plans to develop multiple product candidates, which will target IL-1a in specific areas of medicine. In addition to the upfront payment, other revenue streams were achieved from the recent sale of the Company’s IL-1a targeting product candidate. XBiotech agreed to use its proprietary manufacturing technology to produce the drug candidate for two years under a supply agreement starting January 1, 2020. In addition, XBiotech is providing clinical trial operation services to complete two ongoing Phase II clinical studies evaluating the drug in Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Atopic Dermatitis. The financial strength generated from the Janssen Transaction will enable expansion of IL-1a targeting product development and infectious disease programs. IL-1a plays a key role in pathological inflammation. While it is produced naturally by the body, when not properly controlled, in situations of acute or chronic injury, inflammation caused by IL-1a can contribute to the development and progression of a variety of medical conditions, such as cancer, stroke, heart attack or arthritis, to name a few. Completed clinical studies and a myriad of scientific research have shown that blocking IL-1a may have a beneficial effect in numerous medical conditions. The potential unmet medical need for blocking inflammation through neutralizing IL-1a is vast. The Company’s new resources will enable them to better exploit the development potential for anti-IL-a therapy. The Company plans to reenter the clinic with more than one additional anti-IL-1⍺ therapy, beginning in early 2021. XBiotech believes there is substantial unmet medical need for True Human™ antibody therapy targeting IL-1⍺ related inflammation. The Company is considering initial indications in stroke, cancer, psoriatic arthritis and end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Because the potential medical uses for anti-IL-1a therapy is so large, the Company plans to develop more than one True Human™ antibody, each neutralizing IL-1a, but designating different antibodies for use in specific areas of medicine. This will potentially allow XBiotech to individually partner different antibodies according to unique medical areas. The Company expects this will diversify risk for anti-IL-1a therapies, allow multiple partnerships, maximize value and facilitate greater resource dedication to these True Human™ anti-inflammatory therapeutics. 5 XBiotech continued to achieve significant milestones with its infectious disease pipeline in 2019. The Company has identified several major areas of urgent unmet medical need for True Human™ anti-infective antibody therapies. True Human™ antibodies may be used therapeutically or prophylactically to supplement immunity in aging individuals where a natural decline in the robustness of the immune system leaves gaps and vulnerability to specific infectious diseases. True Human™ antibodies derived from healthy individuals with strong natural immunity to specific diseases are the source of our product candidates that can be used to supplement the weakening immune system that occurs with age. The Company believes this can be a highly effective means for providing protection against specific diseases. Outbreak of varicella virus (the cause of chicken pox, shingles), caused by a long dormant virus infection, or the intestinal disease caused by the bacteria C. difficiles are two such examples. True Human™ antibodies may also be used to provide highly potent and targeted immunity against infectious diseases in young healthy individuals that have robust immune systems but where infectious agents have been introduced into the body through injury or some other means that allowed an infection to gain a foothold (typically using some immune evasion mechanism) and overwhelm the immune defense of the individual. For example, this can occur during intravenous drug use, from a deep puncture wound, or from the result of surgery, where bacteria has gained entry into a body compartment that allows it to grow and evade the immune system. Yet another patient population where True Human™ antibodies may also be used is in infants that have yet to develop strong immunity. Particularly premature infants who may need supplemental immunity against specific infectious agents. We believe True Human™ antibody therapies have a very important application in the case of potent viruses, like for example, influenza, where the aggressive nature of the virus takes even strong immune systems to the limits. Here again, in elderly, the young or weakened immune condition, an aggressive virus like influenza can have a high degree of mortality. In 2019, XBiotech completed the construction of a new infectious disease and animal facility laboratory. Located in a separate building on our campus, just a short walk from the Company’s main manufacturing headquarters, the new facility incorporates an animal biological safety level 2 (ABSL2) laboratory and other laboratories for in vitro and in vivo testing of the Company’s True Human™ antibodies against infectious disease targets. The ABSL2 facility is a temporary laboratory, as the Company builds its new 30,000 Ft2 state-of-the-art R&D center adjacent to the temporary structure. The ABSL2 laboratory is currently being used to test XBiotech’s True Human™ antibodies derived from healthy persons with natural immunity to the varicella virus. Natural human immunity is very effective at neutralizing varicella for most of our lives, when we might have billions of different antibodies. Later in life, as we age, the quantity and diversity of our antibody repertoires diminishes. We produce less antibodies against fewer targets. Even though we may have had decades of antibodies protecting us against varicella, as we age a “hole” can develop in the antibody repertoire that was responsible for controlling varicella. When this happens, varicella virus that has been “hiding” in cells of our body can resurge, spread about the body and cause debilitating disease. XBiotech has isolated potent True Human™ antibodies from healthy donors with potent neutralizing antibodies against varicella. We believe that patients suffering from resurgent varicella due to aging immune systems can be effectively treatment by supplementing with True Human™ antibody therapy against varicella. There is a substantial unmet medical need for shingles therapy. There are also other indications where uncontrolled varicella infections, such in infants whose immune systems are not yet adequately developed, would be treatable with such a product. Along with other infectious disease targets in the Company’s pipeline, the ABSL2 laboratory has been testing True Human™ product candidates against C. difficile bacteria, the cause of debilitating and deadly intestinal infections. Healthy individuals with no history of C. difficile have potent antibodies against the potentially deadly bacteria. We believe this indicates that these natural antibodies are capable of providing protection against the disease and could be useful medically. The Company’s C. difficile program has resulted in the discovery of novel True Human™ antibodies that are able to block both the motility and prevent adhesion of C. difficile bacteria, two features of the bacteria essential to its maneuvering and adhering to the lining of the intestine, respectively. The Company has been developing a first-of-its-kind oral therapy, which would allow a True Human™ antibody to be delivered in pill form to the intestine, where the drug could neutralize the bacteria such that it is carried away harmlessly and lost with fecal matter. A manufacturing process is in development to further reduce the cost of production for this oral product by more than 75% compared to injectable antibody preparations (all marketed monoclonal antibody products are currently delivered by injection). 6 The Company is also working on a number of other infectious disease products. With analyses of genetic information from over one century of influenza virus, which kills tens of thousands of individuals each year, the Company identified common genetic variants that allowed them to search healthy humans for True Human™ antibodies that could potentially provide immunity to a range of pathogenic influenza strains. XBiotech’s scientists found True Human™ antibodies from healthy individuals capable of specifically blocking the influenza neuraminidase across multiple, potentially lethal, strains of the virus. The antibody blocks the enzymatic activity of the virus neuraminidase (like other current antiviral drugs on the market), stopping the action of the enzyme involved in releasing the virus from infected cells. This is a necessary step for spread of the virus in the body. As an antibody therapy, however, there is an additional benefit over current antiviral drugs, as it can bind virus particles at their surface and facilitate clearance of the virus by white blood cells, enhancing the immune system’s ability to fight the infection. XBiotech previously launched a therapy for S. aureus infections and completed Phase I/II double blinded placebo controlled clinical study. The study was performed in patients with so called bacteremia, where the S. aureus had sufficiently overwhelmed the patients’ immune systems such that the bacteria could be observed and cultured from the blood of the infected individual. Once S. aureus gains access into the body, it has an immune evasion mechanism that can allow it to overwhelm defense and establish uncontrolled and lethal infections. Prognosis is very poor in individuals with bacteremia. The study showed a 52% reduction in the incidence of S. aureus related serious adverse events and a 30% reduction in the duration of hospital stays of those receiving True Human™ antibody therapy compared with placebo controls. With the opioid epidemic, S. aureus infections in the blood, and consequent infections of the heart as a result of needle use, are having a devastating impact. S. aureus infections are also the second leading cause of death for end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. We plan to continue clinical development of our S. aureus True Human™ antibody therapy that can be effective in areas of serious unmet medical need. In 2018, XBiotech took advantage of an opportunity to in-license a novel anti-tumor True Human™ antibody isolated by German and Swiss scientists. In 2019, the anti-NY-ESO-1 antibody was put into XBiotech’s manufacturing development pipeline and high producing cell lines with output relevant for clinical and commercial production scales were isolated. Process development work was also performed to optimize the purification and formulation process for this novel molecule. The Company has the ability to produce kilogram quantities of the antibody for possible clinical studies in the future if a suitable partner is found. All of XBiotech’s True Human™ antibody therapeutics are developed in-house using proprietary discovery platform. Identifying True Human™ antibodies useful for therapeutics involves screening what could be hundreds of blood donors. XBiotech’s proprietary Super High Stringency Antibody Mining (SHSAM™) technology is used to distinguish the clinically relevant antibodies from billions of irrelevant background antibodies in the individual. Once a blood with desired antibodies has been identified, XBiotech uses its proprietary technology to identify the unique gene in the individual that produced the antibodies of interest. Once the gene is identified, gene sequences are introduced into production cells to manufacture large quantities of drug product for use in humans. All patents and other intellectual property relating to both the composition of matter and methods of use of our True Human™ antibodies are still owned by XBiotech subsequent to recent sale of the company’s bermekimab True Human™ antibody. True Human™ antibodies discovered by XBiotech are manufactured by yet another proprietary technology, including technology licensed from Lonza Sales AG. To accelerate advance of the Company’s pipeline, the Company is planning to build a 30,000 square foot Research & Development center on its 48- acre property in Austin, TX which is wholly owned by the Company. This will be in addition to the custom-built 33,000 square foot combined manufacturing and R&D facility that currently exist on the campus. XBiotech owns the 48-acre campus—and all structures on the property—debt-free and envisions further expansion of facilities on the property. The sale of the anti-IL-1a antibody provided sufficient capital to allow the Company to complete a modified Dutch auction tender offer in February 2020, in which the Company repurchased $420 million of its stock from shareholders. The tender offer provided liquidity to the Company’s shareholders while allowing them to continue to share in the future success of XBiotech. Final results of the tender offer were announced on February 19, 2020 and reported that the Company purchased 14,000,000 common shares at a price of $30.00 per share for an aggregate price of approximately $420 million (excluding fees and expenses related to the offer). The shares repurchased represented approximately 32.67% of the common shares outstanding. The final proration factor for shares that XBiotech has purchased pursuant to the tender offer was approximately 33.25%. With the repurchase of shares, XBiotech’s share capital is now 28,852,927 shares issued and outstanding as of March 16, 2020. The Company regularly evaluates its capital resources and efficient means of deploying its capital and is considering additional share repurchases. 7 A Background on Therapeutic Antibodies A century ago scientists and physicians envisioned being able to custom design therapeutic agents that were highly specific for a single biological target. By selectively attacking disease while sparing healthy tissue, these “magic bullets” were thought to be ideal therapeutic agents. It was not until the early 1970’s, however, that this vision was realized when Kohler and Milstein developed a ground-breaking method for making target-specific monoclonal antibodies—a Nobel prize-winning endeavor. Using this new approach, numerous monoclonal antibody-based research, diagnostic, and therapeutic products have been developed. Kohler and Milstein’s discovery was based on their knowledge that the immune system of higher animals produces antibodies as a method of protecting them from various, potentially damaging, agents, such as viruses, bacteria, and diseased cells. White blood cells, known as B cells, produce billions of different types of antibodies, each with a unique potential to selectively attach to and neutralize different disease targets. The vast array of possible treatments based on antibodies led to the development of what is now a major industry around the use of therapeutic antibodies. True Human™ Antibodies White blood cells in the human body secrete billions of different antibodies that circulate through the blood to react and protect us from toxins, infectious agents or even other unwanted substances produced by our body. True Human™ antibodies, as the name implies, are simply those that are derived from a natural antibody identified from the blood of an individual. To develop a True Human™ antibody therapy, donors are screened to find an individual that has a specific antibody that matches the desired characteristics needed to obtain the intended medical benefit. White blood cells from that individual are obtained, the unique gene that produced the antibody is cloned, and the genetic information is used to produce an exact replica of the antibody sequence. A True Human™ antibody is, therefore, not to be confused with other marketed antibodies, such as so-called “fully human” antibodies—where antibody reactivity is developed through gene sequence engineering in the laboratory. 8 Fundamental Science of True Human™ Antibodies To appreciate the background safety and tolerability of True Human™ antibodies, it is important to consider the fundamental biology of natural antibody production. Billions of different white blood cells secrete billions of unique antibodies every day into circulation. The vast number of different antibodies (and cells that produce them), are essential to enable adequate molecular diversity to ward off a vast range of potential infectious or toxic threats. In other words, since antibodies act to bind and thereby neutralize unwanted agents, any given circulating antibody must be able to react with a potentially limitless number of existing or evolving disease entities. The staggering number of different antibodies needed to achieve this level of preparedness, however, is a daunting concept from a genetics point of view. If an individual antibody gene was needed to encode each of a billion different antibodies, there would be approximately 20,000 times as many genes needed just for antibodies as there would be needed to encode the rest of the entire human genome. Individual cells would need to be gigantic, and monumental resources of the body would be required to make, copy and maintain all of the DNA. Clearly, the system of antibodies could not have evolved to protect us, had not an elegant solution emerged to deal with this genetic conundrum. Thus, a hallmark of the immune physiology of all vertebrates (all have antibodies) is the ability to recombine and selectively mutate a relatively small number of gene segments to create a phenomenal and effectively unlimited number of antibody genes. By rearranging, recombining and mutating the genetic code, specialized white blood cells, or B lymphocytes, are able to create an unlimited array of antibody genes. The consequence of this genetic engineering, however, is that each antibody gene is unique to the individual B lymphocyte that created it—and no copy of the gene exists in the human germline. The only place to find a unique antibody gene is in the individual cells that created it. The extraordinary process of gene rearrangement and mutation results in a multitude of unique B lymphocytes and consequently an incredibly diverse repertoire of antibodies in any given individual. Elucidating the mechanisms behind the production of unique antibody genes must be considered one of the major achievements of medical research in the 20th century. Yet unfolding this mystery created another problem to solve: If antibodies were not produced from genes encoded in the human genome and the products of these genes were new to the body, why were these antibody molecules not recognized by the immune system as foreign substances—like any other foreign substance that they were intended to eradicate? How could the body distinguish the apparently “foreign” antibody molecules from the bona fide infectious intruders? Unraveling the genetics of antibody production led to another major advance in medicine: the discovery of how an endless array of antibody proteins could be made in a way that individual molecules were always tolerated by the body. In the early 1990s, research began to demonstrate that the production of antibodies was not an unregulated process. Rather, it was learned that the antibodies produced by each and every B lymphocyte were subject to intense scrutiny. Studies showed that B lymphocytes which produced acceptable antibodies were stimulated to grow while those that produced “autoreactive” antibodies were not. B lymphocytes that produced “good” antibodies were stimulated to proliferate, and enabled to produce copious amounts of antibody in the event it was needed to ward off a harmful agent. B lymphocytes that rearranged genes to produce antibodies that were ineffective or were autoreactive were given signals that instructed them to engage in a process of programmed cell death. Thus B lymphocytes producing harmful or useless antibodies are simply killed off. This mechanism for creating antibody diversity on the one hand, while protecting the individual from a mass of unwanted or intolerable antibody molecules on the other, was as elegant as it was fundamental to the success of vertebrate immune physiology. This process of “selection” has been elucidated in great detail. There can be no more important feature of immune physiology than the process of selection. Selection is a fundamental step to enable the body to produce an extremely diverse set of antibody molecules without, in the process, producing an array of novel molecules that cause harm. 9 Industry Context Until now each and every therapeutic antibody on the market has been derived from animals and/or through gene sequence modification in the laboratory to produce a desired antibody reactivity. Marketed antibodies to date, described as “fully human”, are not derived from human gene sequences that have undergone the crucial process of selection in a human. Without exception, all marketed products to date that are described as “fully human”, are in fact engineered and are not selected based on natural tolerance in the human body. The use of the term “fully human” to describe these products has thus created considerable confusion. To our knowledge, there are at present no True Human™ antibodies manufactured, using recombinant protein technology, currently marketed. Platform Technology Our True Human™ antibody therapeutics are developed in-house using our proprietary discovery platform. There are significant technical challenges in identifying and cloning genes for True Human™ antibodies. A key problem to overcome can be to first identify individuals with the desired antibody reactivity. This can involve screening thousands of blood donors to enable the identification of a single, clinically relevant antibody—discovered from literally trillions of irrelevant background antibody molecules in the blood of donors. To distinguish the clinically relevant antibodies from irrelevant background antibody molecules in donor bloods, we use our Super High Stringency Antibody Mining (SHSAM™) technology. White blood cells from that individual can then be isolated, and the unique gene that produced the native antibody obtained. We currently obtain blood donor samples through a Research and Collaboration Agreement with the South Texas Blood & Tissue Center, a Texas 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation. See "Intellectual Property- Other Commercial Licenses." Novel cloning technologies developed at XBiotech have enabled us to clone the crucial antibody gene sequences from these donors in order to reproduce a True Human™ antibody for use in clinical therapy. A True Human™ monoclonal antibody should therefore not be confused with other marketed therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, such as those currently referred to as “fully human” antibodies. Market Opportunity We have a number of indications in various stages of clinical or pre-clinical development with significant market opportunities. These include an array of inflammatory conditions as well as infectious disease indications. The potential market opportunities in these various indications are vast and we believe our research and manufacturing technologies, designed to more rapidly, cost-effectively and flexibly produce new therapies, will be advantageous in each market space. Our Strategy Our objective is to fundamentally change the way drugs are developed and commercialized and become a leading biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of therapeutic True Human™ antibodies. The key goals of our business strategy are to: • • • Advance our pipeline of therapeutic antibodies and initiate clinical programs in strategic therapeutic areas; Discover other True Human™ antibody therapies using our proprietary platform; and Leverage our manufacturing technology. 10 Product Pipeline Our product development status for the end of the fourth quarter of 2019 was as follows: Competition The therapeutic antibody space is dynamic as there continues to be a highly active commercial pipeline of therapeutic antibodies globally, involving a complex array of development cycles as products reach the end of their patent life and as new candidate products proceed into pivotal studies and approach registration. There are numerous independent reviews on the subject in both trade journals and academic press (one such example being Reichert JM, Antibodies to watch in 2018 MAbs. 2018 Jan 4:1-21). We believe True Human™ therapeutic antibodies have important differentiating factors from other monoclonal antibodies currently marketed. The unique activity of our lead anti-cancer therapeutic has the potential ability to both improve well-being and extend life. We feel our product candidates will be highly differentiated in the market place for therapeutics in various indications including but not limited to cancer and dermatology. However, regardless of the potential advantages or uniqueness of our current or future product candidates in the market, we do expect these products to compete head-to-head with the numerous existing candidate antibody products in development, including emerging biosimilar therapeutic antibodies. Current Clinical and/or Regulatory Activity Phase II Study for Atopic Dermatitis (AD) There is an ongoing phase a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 clinical study to evaluate bermekimab in patients with moderate to severe Atopic Dermatitis (AD). The Company is working closely with Janssen to execute these studies on their behalf (IND transferred from XBiotech to Janssen on 30 January 2020). The multi-center study has enrolled approximately 90 patients into three arms which will receive 32 weeks of treatment: a weekly dosing group, a biweekly dosing group, and a placebo group. Percentage of patients who achieve a 75% reduction in skin disease after 16 weeks of treatment will be the primary measure of response. The Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI) scoring system will be used to assess severity of inflammatory skin lesions. Another crucial assessment will be patient itch, which is often severe and unrelenting in this disease. A numeric rating scale (NRS) will be used to assess itch and pain at various timepoints ranging from 4-32 weeks. Phase II Study for Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) There is an ongoing phase a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 clinical study to evaluate bermekimab in patients with moderate to severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS). The Company is working closely with Janssen to execute these studies on their behalf (IND transferred from XBiotech to Janssen on 30 January 2020). The multi-center study has enrolled approximately 150 patients into three arms: two bermekimab dosing regimens versus a placebo arm over 32 weeks of treatment. The study’s primary endpoint is the percentage of subjects achieving Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response (HiSCR) at week 12. Multiple secondary efficacy endpoints will be assessed at various time points ranging between 8 and 32 weeks of therapy, including: Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain and itch; Modified Sartorius Score; Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); and Patient Global Impression of Change and Severity (PGI-c, PGI-s). 11 Summary of Clinical Findings to Date Safety The Company’s True Human™ antibodies are derived from a natural human immune response. It is expected that this would facilitate better tolerability when used as a therapeutic compared to humanized or “fully human” monoclonal antibodies. Antibody therapies are known to be associated with significant risk for infusion reactions, including serious anaphylactic reactions. It is the Company’s belief that these reactions are the result of using antibodies that were not derived from natural human immunity but rather had engineered specificities. Based on scientific principles of antibody physiology, a fundamentally important premise was that True Human™ antibody therapies should be safer and result in less infusion-related complications than engineered human antibodies when used in clinical studies. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, even those so-called “fully human,” have been associated with infusion reactions. In the past, product candidates developed by the Company have been associated with a reduced number of infusion related reactions and injection site reactions. To date the Company’s anti-IL-1⍺ therapy has been featured in 9 publications from 7 of the Company’s past clinical studies. The table below outlines each of these publications. Indication Oncology Journal Oncoimmunology Oncology The Lancet Oncology Oncology The Lancet Oncology Oncology Investigational New Drugs Psoriasis JAMA Dermatology Acne Journal of Drugs in Dermatology Cardiovascular Journal of Vascular Surgery Title Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels predict favorable outcome after bermekimab, a first-in-class true human interleukin-1α antibody, in a phase III randomized study of advanced colorectal cancer MABp1 as a novel antibody treatment for advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study MABp1, a first-in-class true human antibody targeting interleukin-1α in refractory cancers: an open-label, phase 1 dose-escalation and expansion study Xilonix, a novel true human antibody targeting the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 alpha, in non-small cell lung cancer Open-label trial of MABp1, a true human monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 1α, for the treatment of psoriasis An open label, phase 2 study of MABp1 monotherapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris and psychiatric comorbidity A randomized phase II study of Xilonix, a targeted therapy against interleukin 1α, for the prevention of superficial femoral artery restenosis after percutaneous revascularization Diabetes Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications Safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of a specific anti-IL-1alpha therapeutic antibody (MABp1) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Hidradenitis Suppurativa Journal of Investigative Dermatology MABp1 Targeting Interleukin-1Alpha for Moderate to Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa not Eligible for Adalimumab: A Randomized Study Intellectual Property XBiotech has developed a large international intellectual property (IP) portfolio to protect important aspects of its technology, services, and products, including patents, trademarks and trade secrets. Sale of a Portion of XBiotech’s IL-1a Patent Portfolio and Retention of Certain Rights Thereto. On December 7, 2019, XBiotech entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) under which it received $750 million upfront payment and the potential to receive another $600 million in milestone payments. Under the Purchase Agreement, XBiotech assigned a substantial portion of its patent portfolio covering a candidate drug product that blocks the action of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1a). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, on December 30, 2019, XBiotech assigned to the purchaser 12 patent families related to the aforesaid candidate drug product and the use of IL-1α-specific antibodies for treating various conditions, including arthritis, neoplastic diseases, dermatological pathologies, vascular diseases, inflammatory skin disease and psychiatric conditions, cachexia, diabetes, atopic dermatitis and hidradenitis suppurativa. 12 An IP non-assertion and license agreement (the “IP Agreement”) incorporated into the Purchase Agreement allows XBiotech to develop and commercialize new antibody products which block IL-1a for all areas of medicine outside of dermatology without infringing the patent rights assigned under the Purchase Agreement. The IP Agreement further provides XBiotech the opportunity to enforce certain patent rights within the assigned portfolio that relate to the use of anti-IL-1a antibodies to treat non-dermatological disease against third parties in the event the purchaser elects not to do so. Patent Rights Controlled by XBiotech. In addition to the aforementioned beneficial rights to IL-1a patent rights under the Purchase Agreement, as of December 31, 2019, XBiotech directly owns or controls through licenses the rights to 11 patent families, which included 63 issued patents and 39 pending patent applications in various countries around the world. As set forth below, these include IL-1a related patent rights not assigned in the Purchase Agreement as well as others directed to our proprietary antibody discovery platform and to antibodies for treating and preventing S. aureus infections and cancer. Patent rights owned by XBiotech. A. Treatment of Cancer with Anti- IL-1α Antibodies. This patent family relates to the use of anti-IL-1α antibodies to inhibit the metastatic potential of tumors by interrupting the role that tumor-derived IL-1α plays in tumor metastasis. As of December 31, 2019, XBiotech has been granted five patents for this family; including one in Australia, one in Canada, two in Japan, and one in Europe. As of December 31, 2019, this family has three pending patent applications (US, China, and Hong Kong). Unless extended, patents in this family expire in 2027. B. Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Vascular Disorders. This patent family relates to methods of diagnosing, treating and preventing a variety of vascular disorder using IL-1a autoantibody. As of December 31, 2019, XBiotech has been granted seven patents in this family, including two in the U.S., one in Australia, one in Canada, one in Europe and two in Japan. As of December 31, 2019, this family has one pending patent application (China). Unless extended, patents in this family expire in 2026. C. IL-1 Alpha Immunization Induces Autoantibodies Protective Against Atherosclerosis. This patent family relates to the use of IL-1α in a vaccine to generate anti-IL-1a antibodies to protect against atherosclerosis. As of December 31, 2019, XBiotech has been granted patents for this family in Australia and Europe. Unless extended, patents in this family expire in 2027. D. Methods, Compositions, And Kits For Reducing Anti-Antibody Responses. This patent family relates to methods and compositions for reducing immune system-mediated reactions to allotypic determinants on administered antibody products. As of December 31, 2019, XBiotech has been granted one Australian patent in this family. Unless extended, patents in this family expire in 2030. E. Identifying Affinity-Matured Human Antibodies. This patent family relates to methods and compositions for identifying affinity-matured True HumanTM monoclonal antibodies from donors. As of December 31, 2019, XBiotech has been granted 11 patents in this family (four in the U.S., two in Australia, one in China, one in Israel, one in Mexico, one in Russia, and one in Hong Kong). As of December 31, 2019, this family has 10 pending patent applications (US, Canada, China, Europe, India, Israel, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, and Russia). Unless extended, patents in this family expire in 2032. F. Compositions and Methods for Treating S. Aureus Infections. This patent family relates to antibodies for preventing and treating S. aureus infections. As of December 31, 2019, XBiotech has been granted 17 patents in this family, including four in the U.S, two in Australia, one in China, one in Colombia, one in Indonesia, one in Japan, one in Mexico, one in the Philippines, one in Russia, one in Singapore, one in South Africa, and two in South Korea. As of December 31, 2019, this family has 19 pending patent applications (US, Brazil, Canada, China, Chile, Europe, India, Israel, two in Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, two in Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Russia) of which one (US) has been allowed. Unless extended, patents in this family expire in 2035. G. Treatment of S. Aureus Infections. This patent family relates to the use of antibodies (Abs) which specifically bind interleukin-1α (IL-1α) for treating S. aureus bloodstream infections in human patients. As of December 31, 2019, XBiotech has one pending US application and one pending international (PCT) patent application. Unless extended, patents in this family expire in 2038. G. Treatment of S. Aureus Infections. This patent family relates to the use of antibodies (Abs) which specifically bind interleukin-1α (IL-1α) for treating S. aureus bloodstream infections in human patients. As of December 31, 2019, XBiotech has one pending US application and one pending international (PCT) patent application. Unless extended, patents in this family expire in 2038. 13 XBiotech has licensed exclusive rights to the intellectual property described below. H. Antibacterial Antibodies and Methods of Use. This patent family relates to antibodies for preventing and treating S. aureus infections. XBiotech acquired the use of patents within this family pursuant to its exclusive license agreement with STROX Biopharmaceuticals, LLC. The patents within this family expired in 2019. I. Staphylococcus Aureus-Specific Antibody Preparations. This patent family relates to antibodies for preventing and treating S. aureus infections. XBiotech acquired use of patents within this family pursuant to its exclusive license agreement with STROX Biopharmaceuticals, LLC. As of December 31, 2019, this family has one pending patent application in India. Unless extended, patents in this family expire in 2029. J. Monoclonal Human Tumor-Specific Antibody. This patent family relates generally to human tumor-specific antibodies as well as fragments, derivatives and variants thereof that recognize tumor-associated antigen NY-ESO-1. XBiotech acquired the use of patents within this family pursuant to its exclusive license agreement with CT Atlantic AG. As of December 31, 2019, this patent family includes one pending application in Europe and 15 issued patents, including one in the U.S., one in Australia, one in Brazil, one in Canada, two in Europe, one in China, one in Israel, one in India, one in Japan, one in South Korea, one in New Zealand, one in Mexico, one in Russia, and one in South Africa. Unless extended, patents in this family expire in 2028. K. Combination Therapy Including Tumor Associated Antigen-Binding Antibodies. This patent family relates generally to a combination therapy including tumor associated antigen binding antibodies. XBiotech acquired the use of patents within this family pursuant to its exclusive license agreement with CT Atlantic AG. As of December 31, 2019, this patent family includes pending applications in India and the U.S., and five issued patents, including one in Canada, one in China, one in Europe, one in Japan, and one in South Korea. Unless extended, patents in this family expire in 2032. Assignment to Janssen Biotech, Inc. On December 30, 2019, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement, XBiotech assigned to Janssen 12 patent families related to the development of IL-1α-specific True HumanTM monoclonal antibodies, including bermekimab, the treatment of various conditions, including arthritis, neoplastic diseases, dermatological pathologies, vascular diseases, inflammatory skin disease and psychiatric conditions, cachexia, diabetes, atopic dermatitis and hidradenitis suppurativa, and associated matters. ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS Risks Related to our Financial Condition and Capital Requirements We have incurred significant losses since our inception and may incur significant losses in the future. We are a pre-market pharmaceutical company with a limited operating history. We had no net income prior to the fourth quarter of 2019, when we sold certain assets to Janssen Biotech, Inc. and entered into certain related commercial agreements (the “Janssen Transaction”). Investment in pharmaceutical product development is highly speculative because it entails substantial upfront capital expenditures and significant risk that any potential product candidate will fail to demonstrate adequate efficacy or an acceptable safety profile, gain regulatory approval or become commercially viable. We do not have any products approved by regulatory authorities for marketing or commercial sale and have not generated any revenue from product sales, or otherwise, to date, and we continue to incur significant research, development and other expenses related to our ongoing operations. As a result, we incurred losses in every reporting period from our inception in 2005 through the third quarter of 2019. Although we were profitable during the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 due to the cash received in the Janssen Transaction, that was an extraordinary transaction outside of normal business operations that had never previously occurred and may not be repeated. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and may incur operating losses for the foreseeable future. We anticipate these expenses will increase as we continue the research and development of, and seek regulatory approvals for our current and future product candidates in various indications, and potentially begin to commercialize any products that may achieve regulatory approval. We may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our financial condition. The amount of our future net losses will depend, in part, on the rate of future growth of our expenses and our ability to generate revenues. Our prior losses have had, and any future losses may continue to have, an adverse effect on our financial condition. If any of our product candidates fail in clinical trials or do not gain regulatory approval, or if approved fail to achieve market acceptance, we may never sustain profitability. We will need to raise significant additional funding, which may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. Failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed may force us to delay, limit or terminate our product development efforts or other operations. 14 Since inception, we have dedicated a majority of our resources to the discovery and development of our proprietary preclinical and clinical product candidates, and we expect to continue to expend substantial resources doing so for the foreseeable future. These expenditures will include costs associated with conducting research and development, manufacturing product candidates and products approved for sale, conducting preclinical experiments and clinical trials and obtaining and maintaining regulatory approvals, as well as commercializing any products later approved for sale. During the year ending December 31, 2019, we recognized approximately $24.1 million in expenses associated with research and development and clinical trials. We completed our initial public offering on April 15, 2015 and additional registered offerings in March 2017 and May 2019. We also received a significant amount of cash proceeds from the Janssen Transaction. However, the net proceeds from these transactions and cash on hand may not be sufficient to complete clinical development of any of our product candidates nor may it be sufficient to commercialize any product candidate. In addition, we completed a modified Dutch auction tender offer for our common shares in February 2020, which consumed $420 million of our cash resources. Accordingly, we may require substantial additional capital beyond the offering to continue our clinical development and potential commercialization activities. Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including but not limited to: • • • • • • the number and characteristics of the future product candidates we pursue; the scope, progress, results and costs of researching and developing any of our future product candidates, and conducting preclinical research and clinical trials; the timing of, and the costs involved in, obtaining regulatory approvals for any future product candidates we develop; the cost of future commercialization activities for our product candidates and the cost of commercializing any future products approved for sale; the cost of manufacturing our future products; and the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing patents, including litigation costs and the outcome of any such litigation. We are unable to accurately estimate the funds we will actually require to complete research and development of our product candidates or the funds required to commercialize any resulting product in the future or the funds that will be required to meet other expenses. Our operating plan may change as a result of many factors currently unknown to us, and our expenses may be higher than expected. We may need to seek additional funds sooner than planned, through public or private equity or debt financings, government or other third-party funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements or a combination of these approaches. Raising funds in the future may present additional challenges and future financing may not be available in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our existing shareholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidates. The terms of any financing arrangements we enter into may adversely affect the holdings or the rights of our shareholders and the issuance of additional securities, by us, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our shares to decline. The sale of additional equity or convertible securities would dilute all of our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed payment obligations and, potentially, the imposition of restrictive covenants. Those covenants may include limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to acquire, sell or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. We could also be required to seek funds through arrangements with collaborators or otherwise at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable resulting in the loss of rights to some of our product candidates or other unfavorable terms, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and prospects. Additional fundraising efforts may divert our management from their day-to-day activities, which may adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize our products. 15 Risks Related to Our Business We currently have no source of product revenue and may never sustain profitability. To date, we have not generated any revenues from commercial product sales. Our ability to generate revenue in the future from product sales and achieve profitability will depend upon our ability, alone or with any future collaborators, to commercialize products successfully, including any current product candidates or any product candidates that we may develop, in-license or acquire in the future. Even if we are able to achieve regulatory approval for any current or future product candidates, we do not know when any of these products will generate revenue from product sales, if at all. Our ability to generate revenue from product sales from any of our product candidates also depends on a number of additional factors, including our ability to: • • • • • • • • • • complete development activities, including the necessary clinical trials; complete and submit new drug applications, or NDAs, to the US Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and obtain regulatory approval for indications for which there is a commercial market; complete and submit applications to, and obtain regulatory approval from, foreign regulatory authorities such as the European Medicines Agency, or EMA; establish our manufacturing operations; develop a commercial organization capable of sales, marketing and distribution for our product candidates and any products for which we obtain marketing approval and intend to sell ourselves in the markets in which we choose to commercialize on our own; find suitable distribution partners to help us market, sell and distribute our approved products in other markets; obtain coverage and adequate reimbursement from third-party payers, including government and private payers; achieve market acceptance for our products, if any; establish, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights; and attract, hire and retain qualified personnel. In addition, because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with pharmaceutical product development, including that our product candidates may not advance through development or achieve the endpoints of applicable clinical trials, we are unable to predict the timing or amount of increased expenses, or if we will be able to sustain profitability. In addition, our expenses could increase beyond expectations if we decide to or are required by the FDA, or foreign regulatory authorities, to perform studies or trials in addition to those that we currently anticipate. Even if we are able to complete the development and regulatory process for our product candidates, we anticipate incurring significant costs associated with commercializing these products. Even if we are able to generate revenues from the sale of any of our product candidates that may be approved, we may not become profitable and may need to obtain additional funding to continue operations. If we are unable to sustain profitability on a continuing basis, then we may be unable to continue our operations at planned levels and be forced to reduce our operations. 16 Our future success is dependent on the regulatory approval and commercialization of our product candidates. We do not have any products that have gained regulatory approval. As a result, our ability to finance our operations and generate revenue, are substantially dependent on our ability to obtain regulatory approval for, and, if approved, to successfully commercialize our product candidates in a timely manner. We cannot commercialize our other product candidates in the U.S. without first obtaining regulatory approval for each product from the FDA; similarly, we cannot commercialize any product candidates outside of the U.S. without obtaining regulatory approval from comparable foreign regulatory authorities, including the EMA. The FDA review process typically takes years to complete and approval is never guaranteed. Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any of our potential product candidates for a target indication, we must demonstrate with substantial evidence gathered in preclinical and well-controlled clinical studies, including two well-controlled Phase III studies, and, with respect to approval in the U.S. to the satisfaction of the FDA, and in Europe, to the satisfaction of the EMA, that the product candidate is safe and effective for use for that target indication; and that the manufacturing facilities, processes and controls are adequate. Obtaining regulatory approval for marketing of our current or future product candidates in one country does not ensure we will be able to obtain regulatory approval in other countries. A failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may have a negative effect on the regulatory process in other countries. Even if any of our product candidates were to successfully obtain approval from the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities, any approval might contain significant limitations related to use restrictions for specified age groups, warnings, precautions or contraindications, or may be subject to burdensome post-approval studies or risk management requirements. If we are unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates in one or more jurisdictions, or any approval contains significant limitations, we may not be able to obtain sufficient funding or generate sufficient revenue to continue the development of any of our other product candidates that we are developing or may discover, in-license, develop or acquire in the future. Also, any regulatory approval of our product candidates, once obtained, may be withdrawn. Furthermore, even if we obtain regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, their commercial success will depend on a number of factors, including the following: • • • • • • • • development of a commercial organization within XBiotech or establishment of a commercial collaboration with a commercial infrastructure; establishment of commercially viable pricing and obtaining approval for adequate reimbursement from third-party and government payers; our ability to manufacture quantities of our product candidates using commercially satisfactory processes and at a scale sufficient to meet anticipated demand and enable us to reduce our cost of manufacturing; our success in educating physicians and patients about the benefits, administration and use of our product candidates; the availability, perceived advantages, relative cost, relative safety and relative efficacy of alternative and competing treatments; the effectiveness of our own or our potential strategic collaborators’ marketing, sales and distribution strategy and operations; acceptance as a safe and effective therapy by patients and the medical community; and a continued acceptable safety profile following approval. Many of these factors are beyond our control. If we are unable to successfully commercialize our product candidates, we may not be able to earn sufficient revenues to continue our business. 17 New laws or regulations may be promulgated or modified in the United States, in Europe, or other jurisdictions that could impact our ability to receive the necessary approvals to successfully market and commercialize our product candidates. The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry is one of the most regulated on a state, federal and international level. There are a number of laws, regulations, and court decisions which impact the daily activities of our business. As a result, we must ensure that strategies and planning in relation to our product candidates are in line with the current regulations governing our industry. When there are changes in leadership, whether within the U.S., or elsewhere, we must anticipate the possibility of shifts in regulatory policies as they pertain to our business. New or modified regulations may impact our ability to quickly respond with updates to our programs. While we may be able to anticipate certain changes, policy statements often are not always translated into actionable legislation. We continue to track updates and changes internally to ensure we are in compliance with regulatory authority guidelines and expectations. Court decisions at both the state and federal level can also impact the way in which we operate and make specific product related program decisions. New laws, regulations, or court orders could materially alter or impact our ability to receive necessary approvals from regulatory authorities to market and commercialize our product candidates. Because the results of earlier clinical trials are not necessarily predictive of future results, product candidates we advance into clinical trials, may not have favorable results in later clinical trials or receive regulatory approval. Success in preclinical testing and early clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will generate adequate data to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of an investigational drug. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, including those with greater resources and experience, have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials, even after seeing promising results in earlier clinical trials. We do not know whether the clinical trials we are conducting, or may conduct, will demonstrate adequate efficacy and safety to result in regulatory approval to market any of our product candidates in any particular jurisdiction. Even if we believe that we have adequate data to support an application for regulatory approval to market our product candidates, the FDA or other comparable foreign regulatory authorities may not agree and could require us to conduct additional research studies, including late-stage clinical trials. If late-stage clinical trials do not produce favorable results, our ability to achieve regulatory approval for any of our product candidates may be adversely impacted. If we are unable to enroll subjects in clinical trials, we will be unable to complete these trials on a timely basis. Patient enrollment, a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, is affected by many factors including the size and nature of the patient population, the proximity of subjects to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the trial, the design of the clinical trial, ability to obtain and maintain patient consents, risk that enrolled subjects will drop out before completion, competing clinical trials and clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies, including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating. Furthermore, we rely on Clinical Research Organizations (CRO’s) and clinical trial sites to ensure the proper and timely conduct of our clinical trials, and while we have agreements governing their committed activities, we have limited influence over their actual, day-to-day performance. We may experience delays in starting-up clinical trial sites in a timely manner, enrolling subjects in our trials, and may not be able to enroll a sufficient number of subjects to complete the trials. In addition, in December 2019, an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the United States and various countries in Europe, resulting in the declaration by the World Health Organization of a global pandemic. To date, concerns related to the spread of coronavirus have already resulted in travel restrictions, shutdowns of certain businesses, bans on large public gatherings and declarations of states of emergency in cities, states and countries around the world. Concentrations of infected patients or reactions to the coronavirus outbreak or future similar regional or global health concerns could negatively affect our ability to recruit and retain subjects in clinical trials if they disproportionately impact the sites in which we conduct any of our trials, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. If we experience delays in the completion or if there is termination of, any clinical trial of any current or future product candidates, the commercial prospects of our product candidates will be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues from any of these product candidates will be delayed. In addition, any delays in completing our clinical trials will increase our costs, slow down our product candidate development and approval process and could shorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to market before we do, and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales, which would impair our ability to generate revenues and may harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows and future prospects. In addition, many of the factors that could cause a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates. 18 The regulatory approval processes of the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities are lengthy, time consuming and inherently unpredictable, and if we are ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, our business may fail. The time required to obtain approval by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities is unpredictable, but typically takes several years following the commencement of preclinical studies and clinical trials and depends upon numerous factors, including the substantial discretion of the regulatory authorities and any shifts in regulatory policy. In addition, approval policies, regulations, or the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval may change during the course of a product candidate’s clinical development and may vary among jurisdictions. We have not obtained regulatory approval for any product candidate, and it is possible that none of the product candidates we are developing or may discover, in-license or acquire and seek to develop in the future will ever obtain regulatory approval. Our product candidates could fail to receive marketing approval from the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority for many reasons, including but not limited to: • • • • • • • • • disagreement over the design or implementation of our clinical trials; failure to demonstrate that a product candidate is safe and effective; failure of clinical trials to meet the level of statistical significance required for approval; failure to demonstrate that a product candidate’s clinical and other benefits outweigh its safety risks; disagreement over our interpretation of data from preclinical studies or clinical trials; disagreement over whether to accept efficacy results from clinical trial sites outside the United States where the standard of care is potentially different from that in the United States; the insufficiency of data collected from clinical trials of our product candidates to support the submission and filing of an NDA or other submission or to obtain regulatory approval; irreparable or critical compliance issues relating to our manufacturing and/clinical trial processes; or changes in the approval policies or regulations that render our preclinical and clinical data insufficient for approval. The FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority may require more information, including additional preclinical or clinical data to support approval, which may delay or prevent approval and our commercialization plans, or we may decide to abandon the development program altogether. Even if we do obtain regulatory approval, our product candidates may be approved for fewer or more limited indications than we request, approved contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials, or approved with a label that does not include the labeling claims necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of that product candidate. In addition, if any of our product candidates produce undesirable side effects or safety issues, the FDA may require the establishment of Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategies, or REMS, or a comparable foreign regulatory authority may require the establishment of a similar strategy, that may, restrict distribution of our products and impose burdensome implementation requirements. Any of the foregoing scenarios could materially harm the commercial prospects for our product candidates. Even if we believe any completed, current or planned clinical trials are successful, the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority may not agree that our completed clinical trials provide adequate data on the safety or efficacy of our product candidates, permitting us to proceed to additional clinical trials. Approval by comparable foreign regulatory authorities does not ensure approval by the FDA and approval by one or more foreign regulatory authorities does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries or by the FDA. However, a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may have a negative impact on the regulatory process in others. We may not be able to file for regulatory approvals, and even if we file we may not receive the necessary approvals to commercialize our products in any market. 19 Our product candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved label, or result in significant negative consequences following any marketing approval. Undesirable side effects caused by our product candidates could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials and could result in a more restrictive label or the delay or denial of regulatory approval by the FDA or other comparable foreign regulatory authority. If toxicities occur in our current or future clinical trials they could cause delay or even the discontinuation of further development of our product candidates, which would impair our ability to generate revenues and would have a material adverse effect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows and future prospects. There can be no assurance that side effects from our product candidates in future clinical trials or that side effects in general will not prompt the discontinued development or possible market approval of our product candidates. If serious side effects or other safety or toxicity issues are experienced in our clinical trials in the future, we may not receive approval to market any of our product candidates, which could prevent us from ever generating revenues from commercial product sales or sustaining profitability. Results of our trials could reveal an unacceptably high severity and prevalence of side effects. In such an event, our trials could be suspended or terminated and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities could order us to cease further development of or deny approval of our product candidates for any or all targeted indications. The drug-related side effects could affect patient recruitment or the ability of enrolled subjects to complete the trial or result in potential product liability claims. Any of these occurrences may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows and future prospects. Additionally, if any of our product candidates receives marketing approval, and we or others later identify undesirable side effects caused by such product, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including: • • • • • • • • • we may be forced to suspend marketing of such product; regulatory authorities may withdraw their approvals of such product; regulatory authorities may require additional warnings on the label that could diminish the usage or otherwise limit the commercial success of such product; the FDA or other regulatory bodies may issue safety alerts, Dear Healthcare Provider letters, press releases or other communications containing warnings about such product; the FDA may require the establishment or modification of REMS or a comparable foreign regulatory authority may require the establishment or modification of a similar strategy that may, for instance, restrict distribution of our product and impose burdensome implementation requirements on us; we may be required to change the way the product is administered or conduct additional clinical trials; we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to subjects or patients; we may be subject to litigation or product liability claims; and our reputation may suffer. Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the particular product candidate, if approved. 20 Even if our product candidates receive regulatory approval, they may still face future development and regulatory difficulties. Even if we obtain regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, it would be subject to ongoing requirements by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities governing the manufacture, quality control, further development, labeling, packaging, storage, distribution, safety surveillance, import, export, advertising, promotion, recordkeeping and reporting of safety and other post-market information. The safety profile of any product will continue to be closely monitored by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities after approval. If the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities become aware of new safety information after approval of any product candidate, they may require labeling changes or establishment of a REMS or similar strategy, impose significant restrictions on a product’s indicated uses or marketing, or impose ongoing requirements for potentially costly post- approval studies or post-market surveillance. For example, the label ultimately approved for any product candidate, if it achieves marketing approval, may include restrictions on use. In addition, manufacturers of drug products and their facilities are subject to continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other regulatory authorities for compliance with current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP, and other regulations. If we or a regulatory agency discover previously unknown problems with a product, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or problems with the facility where the product is manufactured, a regulatory agency may impose restrictions on that product, our manufacturing facility, including requiring recall or withdrawal of the product from the market or suspension of manufacturing. If we, our product candidates or our manufacturing facilities for our product candidates fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, a regulatory agency may: • • issue warning letters or untitled letters; impose restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of the product candidates; • mandate modifications to promotional materials or require us to provide corrective information to healthcare practitioners; • • • • • • • require us or any future collaborator to enter into a consent decree, which can include imposition of various fines, reimbursements for inspection costs, required due dates for specific actions and penalties for noncompliance; seek an injunction or impose civil or criminal penalties or monetary fines; suspend or withdraw regulatory approval; suspend any ongoing clinical trials; refuse to approve pending applications or supplements to applications filed by us; suspend or impose restrictions on operations, including costly new manufacturing requirements; or seize or detain products, refuse to permit the import or export of products, or require us to initiate a product recall. The occurrence of any event or penalty described above may inhibit our ability to commercialize our product candidates and generate revenue. The FDA strictly regulates the advertising and promotion of drug products, and drug products may only be marketed or promoted for their FDA approved uses, consistent with the product’s approved labeling. Advertising and promotion of any product candidate that obtains approval in the U.S., and is covered by federal insurance programs such as Medicare or Medicaid, will be heavily scrutinized by the FDA, the Department of Justice, (DOJ), the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, (HHS), state attorneys general, members of Congress and the public. Violations, including promotion of our products for unapproved or off-label uses, are subject to enforcement letters, inquiries and investigations, and civil, criminal and/or administrative sanctions by the FDA and/or the DOJ. Additionally, advertising and promotion of, any product candidate that obtains approval outside of the U.S. will be heavily scrutinized by comparable foreign regulatory authorities. 21 In the U.S., engaging in impermissible promotion of our future products for off-label uses can also subject us to false claims litigation under federal and state statutes, which can lead to civil, criminal and/or administrative penalties and fines and corporate integrity agreements that materially restrict the manner in which we promote or distribute our drug products. The federal False Claims Act, allows any individual to bring a lawsuit against a pharmaceutical company on behalf of the federal government alleging submission of false or fraudulent claims, or causing to present such false or fraudulent claims, for payment by a federal program, such as Medicare or Medicaid. If the government prevails in the lawsuit, the individual may share in any fines or settlement funds. Since 2004, False Claims Act lawsuits against pharmaceutical companies have increased significantly in volume and breadth, leading to several substantial civil and criminal settlements based on certain sales practices promoting off-label drug uses. This growth in litigation has increased the risk that a pharmaceutical company will have to defend a false claims action, pay settlement fines or restitution, agree to comply with burdensome reporting and compliance obligations, and be excluded from Medicare, Medicaid and other federal and state healthcare programs. If we do not lawfully promote our approved products, we may become subject to such litigation and, if we are not successful in defending against such actions, those actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows and future prospects. Existing government regulations may change and additional government regulations may be enacted that could prevent, limit or delay regulatory approval of our product candidates. If we are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption of new requirements or policies, or if we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may lose any marketing approval that we may have obtained and/or be subject to fines or enhanced government oversight and reporting obligations, which would adversely affect our business, prospects and ability to sustain profitability. Failure to obtain regulatory approval in foreign jurisdictions would prevent our product candidates from being marketed in those jurisdictions. In order to market and sell our products in the European Union and many other jurisdictions, we must obtain separate marketing approvals and comply with numerous and varying regulatory requirements. The approval procedure varies among countries and can involve additional testing. The time required to obtain approval may differ substantially from that required to obtain FDA approval. The regulatory approval process outside the U.S. generally includes all of the risks associated with obtaining FDA approval. Additionally, in many countries outside the U.S., it is required that the product be approved for reimbursement before the product can be effectively commercialized in that country. Obtaining foreign regulatory approvals and compliance with foreign regulatory requirements could result in significant delays, difficulties and costs for us and could delay or prevent the introduction of our products in certain countries. We may not obtain approvals from regulatory authorities outside the U.S. on a timely basis, if at all. Approval by the FDA does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries or jurisdictions, and approval by one regulatory authority outside the U.S. does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries or jurisdictions or by the FDA. A failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may have a negative effect on the regulatory approval process in others. We may not be able to file for marketing approvals and may not receive necessary approvals to commercialize our products in any market. If we are unable to obtain approval of any of our product candidates by regulatory authorities in the European Union or another jurisdiction, the commercial prospects of that product candidate may be significantly diminished and our business prospects could decline. Even if we are able to commercialize our product candidates, the products may not receive coverage and adequate reimbursement from third-party payers, which could harm our business. Our ability to commercialize any products successfully will depend, in part, on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement for these products and related treatments will be available from government authorities, private health insurers, health maintenance organizations and third-party payers. Patients who are prescribed medications for the treatment of their conditions generally rely on third-party payers to reimburse all or part of the costs associated with their prescription drugs. Coverage and adequate reimbursement from government healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and private health insurers are critical to new product acceptance. Patients are unlikely to use our product candidates unless coverage is provided and reimbursement is adequate to cover a significant portion of the cost of our product candidates. A primary trend in the US healthcare industry and elsewhere is cost containment. As a result, government authorities and other third-party payers have attempted to control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement for particular medications. Increasingly, third-party payers are requiring that drug companies provide them with predetermined discounts from list prices and are challenging the prices charged for medical products. Third-party payers may also seek additional clinical evidence, beyond the data required to obtain marketing approval, demonstrating clinical benefits and value in specific patient populations before covering our products for those patients. We cannot be sure that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be available for any product that we commercialize and, if reimbursement is available, what the level of reimbursement will be. Coverage and reimbursement may impact the demand for, or the price of, any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval. If coverage and reimbursement are not available or are available only at limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval. 22 There may be significant delays in obtaining coverage and reimbursement for newly approved drugs, and coverage may be more limited than the purposes for which the drug is approved by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities. Moreover, obtaining coverage does not imply that any drug will be paid for in all cases or at a rate that covers our costs, including research, development, manufacture, sales and distribution. Interim reimbursement levels for new drugs, if applicable, may also be insufficient to cover our costs, and may only be temporary. Reimbursement rates may vary according to the use of the drug and the clinical setting in which it is used. Reimbursement rates may also be based in part on existing reimbursement amounts for lower cost drugs or may be bundled into the payments for other services. Net prices for drugs may be reduced by mandatory discounts or rebates required by government healthcare programs or private payers and by any future relaxation of laws that presently restrict imports of drugs from countries where they may be sold at lower prices than in the U.S. Coverage and reimbursement for drug products can differ significantly from payer to payer. As a result, the coverage and reimbursement determination process is often a time-consuming and costly process with no assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be obtained or applied consistently. Third-party payers often rely upon Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own coverage and reimbursement policies. Our inability to promptly obtain coverage and profitable reimbursement rates from both government- funded and private payers for any approved products that we develop could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, our ability to raise capital needed to commercialize products, and our overall financial condition. We have never marketed a drug before, and if we are unable to establish an effective sales force and marketing infrastructure, or enter into acceptable third-party sales and marketing or licensing arrangements, we may be unable to generate any revenue. We do not currently have a comprehensive infrastructure for the sales, marketing and distribution of pharmaceutical drug products. The cost of establishing and maintaining such an infrastructure may exceed the cost-effectiveness of doing so. In order to market any products that may be approved by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities, we must build our sales, marketing, managerial and other non-technical capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services for which we would incur substantial costs. If we are unable to establish adequate sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, whether independently or with third parties, we may not be able to generate product revenue and may not sustain profitability. We will be competing with many companies that have extensive and well-funded sales and marketing operations. Without an internal commercial organization or the support of a third party to perform sales and marketing functions, or a combination of both, we may be unable to compete successfully against more established companies. Our product candidates, if approved, may not achieve adequate market acceptance among physicians, patients, and healthcare payers and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success. Even if we obtain regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, such product(s) may not gain market acceptance among physicians, healthcare payers, patients or the medical community within the U.S. or globally. Our commercial success also depends on coverage and adequate reimbursement of our product candidates by third-party payers, including government payers, generally, which may be difficult or time-consuming to obtain, may be limited in scope and may not be obtained in all jurisdictions in which we may seek to market our products. Market acceptance of any of our product candidates for which we receive approval depends on a number of factors, including: • • • • the efficacy and safety of such product candidates as demonstrated in clinical trials; the clinical indications for which the product candidate is approved; acceptance by physicians and patients of the product candidate as a safe and effective treatment; the potential and perceived advantages of product candidates over alternative treatments; 23 • • • • • • • • • the safety of product candidates seen in a broader patient group, including a product candidate’s use outside the approved indications; the prevalence and severity of any side effects; product labeling or product insert requirements of the FDA or other regulatory authorities; the timing of market introduction of our products as well as competitive products; the cost of treatment in relation to alternative treatments; the availability of coverage and adequate reimbursement and pricing by third-party payers and government authorities; relative convenience and ease of administration; the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts and those of our collaborators; and unfavorable publicity relating to the product candidate or the Company. If any of our product candidates are approved but fail to achieve market acceptance among physicians, patients, or healthcare payers, we will not be able to generate significant revenues, which would compromise our ability to sustain profitability. Our research programs may not succeed. In the last couple of years, XBiotech has positioned itself with a pipeline of potential drug candidates at all stages of development, from pre-clinical through Phase III clinical trial stage. Even though we have many drugs in development at this time, none of these research programs may succeed. There are several reasons why a drug program may fail, including the following: • • In the development stage, we may be unable to develop a therapy, which would mean us succeeding in isolating appropriate antibodies to reach the clinical trial stage; Any partnerships for the development of antibodies could fail to produce results that would necessitate clinical trials; • We may not receive approval from regulatory bodies to move from early stage clinical trials to later stage clinical trials; • • • • Even if we are able to move to later stage clinical trials, it may prove to be difficult to enroll patients into the studies according to schedule, or at all; During the clinical trial, there could be unexpected serious adverse events causing severe injury or death in patients, requiring us to cease further enrollment or causing regulatory authorities to place the trial on clinical hold for an indefinite period of time; If a clinical trial is completed, we may not have the appropriate personnel to submit a marketing application to regulatory authorities for approval, and to further respond to the variety of follow up questions that regulatory authorities may have during the review process; Regulatory authorities may reject drug candidates for a variety of reasons, preventing us from proceeding with marketing and commercialization of approved products; and • We may run out of the funds necessary to complete development for any of our potential drug candidates. Even an effective drug candidate might not be commercially successful. Even if we ultimately succeed in creating a safe and effective drug, as determined by regulatory authorities, based on our current product pipeline, there is no assurance it would be commercially successful. Competitive products might become available faster or with lower costs or adverse risks to patients, resulting in few sales of any product developed by XBiotech. Occurrences of certain disease indications, such as those in our pipeline, might become sufficiently rare, or victims might be sufficiently impoverished, that commercial production is uneconomic. Furthermore, we must have sufficient buy-in from patients and healthcare professionals to guarantee market exposure for our drug candidates. If the end-users are not reached with our products, then it will be difficult to generate revenue from our development efforts. And even though we could obtain regulatory approval for any of our drug candidates, it is not necessarily the case that government or third-party payers will decide to add our products to their respective prescription drug formularies for reimbursement, thus inhibiting the ability for our drug candidates to reach the target patient populations, and health care professionals serving those patients. 24 We face substantial competition, which may result in others discovering, developing or commercializing products before or more successfully than we do. The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We face competition with respect to our current or future product candidates to treat any relevant indication(s). There are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that currently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of products for the treatment of the disease indications for which we are developing our future product candidates. Some of these competitive products and therapies are based on scientific approaches that are the same as or similar to our approach, and others are based on entirely different approaches. Potential competitors include academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research organizations that conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangements for research, development, manufacturing and commercialization. More established companies may have a competitive advantage over us due to their greater size, cash flows and institutional experience. Compared to us, many of our competitors may have significantly greater financial, technical and human resources. As a result of these factors, our competitors may obtain regulatory approval of their products before we do, which will limit our ability to develop or commercialize any of our product candidates. In addition, many companies are developing new therapeutics to supplant or expand upon the standard of care for a number of diseases, as a result, we cannot predict what the standard of care will be as our product candidates progress through clinical development. Our failure to successfully identify, acquire, develop and commercialize additional product candidates or approved products could impair our ability to grow. Although a substantial amount of our efforts will focus on the continued clinical testing and potential approval of our current product candidates, a key element of our growth strategy is to acquire, develop and/or market additional products and product candidates. All of these potential product candidates remain in the discovery and clinical study stages. Research programs to identify product candidates require substantial technical, financial and human resources, whether or not any product candidates are ultimately identified. Because our internal research capabilities are limited, we may be dependent upon pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic scientists and other researchers to sell or license products or technology to us. The success of this strategy depends partly upon our ability to identify, select and acquire promising pharmaceutical product candidates and products. The process of proposing, negotiating and implementing a license or acquisition of a product candidate or approved product is lengthy and complex. Other companies, including some with substantially greater financial, marketing and sales resources, may compete with us for the license or acquisition of product candidates and approved products. We have limited resources to identify and execute the acquisition or in-licensing of third-party products, businesses and technologies and integrate them into our current infrastructure. Moreover, we may devote resources to potential acquisitions or in-licensing opportunities that are never completed, or we may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of such efforts. Any product candidate that we acquire may require additional development efforts prior to commercial sale, including extensive clinical testing and approval by the FDA and applicable foreign regulatory authorities. All product candidates are prone to risks of failure typical of pharmaceutical product development, including the possibility that a product candidate will not be shown to be sufficiently safe and effective for approval by regulatory authorities. In addition, we cannot provide assurance that any products that we develop or approved products that we acquire will be manufactured profitably or achieve market acceptance. 25 Product liability lawsuits against us could cause us to incur substantial liabilities and to limit commercialization of any products that we may develop. We face an inherent risk of product liability exposure related to the testing of our product candidates in clinical trials and will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any products that we may develop. Product liability claims may be brought against us by subjects enrolled in our clinical trials, patients, healthcare providers or others using, administering or selling our products. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against claims that our product candidates or products caused injuries, we could incur substantial liabilities. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in: • • • • • • • • • decreased demand for any product candidates or products that we may develop; termination of clinical trial sites or entire clinical trial programs; injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; withdrawal of clinical trial participants; significant costs to defend the related litigation; substantial monetary awards to clinical trial subjects or patients; loss of revenue; diversion of management and scientific resources from our business operations; and the inability to commercialize our product candidates. We will obtain insurance coverage for products to include the sale of commercial products if we obtain marketing approval for our product candidates, but we may be unable to obtain commercially reasonable product liability insurance for any products approved for marketing. Large judgments have been awarded in class action lawsuits based on drugs that had unanticipated side effects. A successful product liability claim or series of claims brought against us, particularly if judgments exceed our insurance coverage, could decrease our cash and adversely affect our business. We will need to expand our operations and grow the size of our organization in the future, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth. As of March 12, 2020, we had 60 employees. As our development and commercialization plans and strategies develop, or as a result of any future acquisitions, we will need additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, scientific, and financial headcount and other resources. Our management, personnel and systems currently in place may not be adequate to support this future growth. Future growth would impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including: • managing our clinical trials effectively, which we anticipate potentially being conducted at numerous clinical sites on a global scale; • identifying, recruiting, maintaining, motivating and integrating additional employees with the expertise and experience we will require; • managing our internal development efforts effectively while complying with our contractual obligations to licensors, licensees, contractors and other third parties; • managing additional relationships with various strategic partners, suppliers and other third parties; • • improving our managerial, development, operational and finance reporting systems and procedures; and expanding our facilities. 26 Our failure to accomplish any of these tasks could prevent us from successfully growing our Company. We have ongoing obligations to manufacture bermekimab for use by Janssen in clinical trials, and any failure to satisfy our obligations under that agreement would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and business reputation. In connection with the Janssen Transaction, one of our subsidiaries entered into a clinical manufacturing agreement with an affiliate of Janssen, under which our subsidiary agreed to manufacture bermekimab for use by Janssen in clinical trials in return for quarterly cash payments. If we fail to manufacture bermekimab in sufficient quantities to satisfy our obligations under the clinical manufacturing agreement, we would be in breach of our contractual obligations, in which case Janssen could cease making payments to us and could also sue us for default. Any such litigation would be expensive and time-consuming and could damage our business reputation, causing potential business partners to be less willing to do business with us in the future. Any of these events could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. We may never achieve any of the potential milestone payments that were negotiated as a part of the Janssen Transaction. As part of the Janssen Transaction, we are eligible to receive milestone payments of $150 million for each instance that Janssen, in its sole and absolute discretion, develops pharmaceutical products that contain bermekimab and that are for non-dermatological indications, provided that Janssen receives certain required commercial authorizations for such products within a specified timeframe. We are entitled to earn up to four milestone payments, for a maximum of $600 million. However, because the payment of these funds is subject to Janssen’s business decisions and discretion, as well as regulatory approvals and other factors outside our control, we may never receive any of these amounts. If we do not receive all or any of the milestone payments, we may be required to seek additional funding from other sources, which may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. We are highly dependent on our Chief Executive Officer. Our future success depends in significant part on the continued service of our Chief Executive Officer, John Simard. Mr. Simard is critical to the strategic direction and overall management of our company as well as our research and development process. Although we have an employment agreement with Mr. Simard, it has no specific duration. The loss of Mr. Simard could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. We depend on key personnel to operate our business, and many members of our current management team are new. If we are unable to retain, attract and integrate qualified personnel, our ability to develop and successfully grow our business could be harmed. In addition to the continued services of Mr. Simard, we believe that our future success is highly dependent on the contributions of our significant employees, as well as our ability to attract and retain highly skilled and experienced sales, research and development and other personnel in the United States and abroad. Some of our significant employees include our Chief Scientific Officer, our Vice President of Quality Assurance, our Vice President of Quality Control, and our Vice President of Finance and Human Resources. Changes in our management team may be disruptive to our business. All of our employees, including our Chief Executive Officer, are free to terminate their employment relationship with us at any time, subject to any applicable notice requirements, and their knowledge of our business and industry may be difficult to replace. If one or more of our executive officers or significant employees leaves, we may not be able to fully integrate new personnel or replicate the prior working relationships, and our operations could suffer. Qualified individuals with the breadth of skills and experience in the pharmaceutical industry that we require are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract them. Many of the other pharmaceutical companies that we compete against for qualified personnel have greater financial and other resources, different risk profiles and a longer history in the industry than we do. They also may provide more diverse opportunities and better chances for career advancement. Our failure to attract and retain key personnel could impede the achievement of our research, development and commercialization objectives. 27 If we fail to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, we could become subject to fines or penalties or incur costs that could have a material adverse effect on the success of our business. We are subject to numerous environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in the U.S. and elsewhere, including, as a result of our leased laboratory space, those governing laboratory procedures and the handling, use, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes. Our operations involve the use of hazardous and flammable materials, including chemicals and biological materials. Our operations also produce hazardous waste products. We generally contract with third parties for the disposal of these materials and wastes. We cannot eliminate the risk of contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of contamination or injury resulting from our use of hazardous materials, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed our resources. We also could incur significant costs associated with civil or criminal fines and penalties. Although we maintain insurance for employee injury to cover us for costs and expenses we may incur due to injuries to our employees resulting from the use of hazardous materials, this insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities. We do not maintain insurance for environmental liability or toxic tort claims that may be asserted against us in connection with our storage or disposal of biological or hazardous materials. In addition, we may incur substantial costs in order to comply with current or future environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. These current or future laws and regulations may impair our research, development or production efforts. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may also result in substantial fines, penalties or other sanctions. Business disruptions caused by natural disasters, infrastructure interruptions, coronavirus or other public health threats could seriously harm our future revenues and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. Our operations could be subject to earthquakes, power shortages or outages, telecommunications failures, water shortages, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics such as contagious disease outbreaks, and other natural or manmade disasters or business interruptions, for which we are predominantly self-insured. We do not carry insurance for all categories of risk that our business may encounter. The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could seriously harm our operations and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. We rely on third-parties to supply various items which are critical for producing our product candidates. Our ability to produce clinical supplies of product candidates could be disrupted, if the operations of these suppliers are affected by a man-made or natural disaster, a public health crisis or other business interruption. For example, the ongoing coronavirus threat has spread to a number of countries, including the United States and various countries in Europe, resulting in the declaration by the World Health Organization of a global pandemic and the announcement of extended travel restrictions, business shutdowns, cancellations and prohibitions of large public gatherings and declarations of states of emergency in cities, states and countries around the world. The imposition of any of these restrictions in one of the regions where our facilities or those of our third-party suppliers are located would have a disproportionately negative impact on us. The extent of the ultimate impact to us, our significant suppliers and our general infrastructure resulting from concentration in certain geographical areas is unknown and cannot be estimated, but our operations and financial condition would likely suffer in the event of a major earthquake, fire or other natural disaster or public health threat such as the coronavirus pandemic in one or more of those areas. Further, any significant uninsured liability may require us to pay substantial amounts, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows from future prospects. Risks Related to Intellectual Property If we are unable to obtain or protect intellectual property rights, our competitive position could be harmed. We depend on our ability to protect our proprietary technology. We rely on trade secret, patent, copyright and trademark laws, and confidentiality, licensing and other agreements with employees and third parties, all of which offer only limited protection. Our commercial success will depend in large part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection in the U.S. and other countries with respect to our proprietary technology and products. Where we deem appropriate, we seek to protect our proprietary position by filing patent applications in the U.S. and abroad related to our novel technologies and products that are important to our business. The patent positions of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies generally are highly uncertain, involve complex legal and factual questions and have in recent years been the subject of much litigation. As a result, the issuance, scope, validity, enforceability and commercial value of our patents, including those patent rights licensed to us by third parties, are highly uncertain. 28 The steps we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be adequate to preclude misappropriation of our proprietary information or infringement of our intellectual property rights, both inside and outside the U.S. The rights already granted under any of our currently issued patents and those that may be granted under future issued patents may not provide us with the proprietary protection or competitive advantages we are seeking. If we are unable to obtain and maintain patent protection for our technology and products, or if the scope of the patent protection obtained is not sufficient, our competitors could develop and commercialize technology and products similar or superior to ours, and our ability to successfully commercialize our technology and products may be adversely affected. With respect to patent rights, we do not know whether our pending patent applications for any of our technologies or product candidates will result in the issuance of patents that protect such technologies or product candidates, or if any of our issued patents will effectively prevent others from commercializing competitive technologies and products. Our pending patent applications cannot be enforced against third parties practicing the technology claimed in such applications unless and until a patent issues from such applications. Further, the examination process may require us to narrow the claims for our pending patent applications, which may limit the scope of patent protection that may be obtained if these applications issue. Because the issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to its inventorship, scope, validity or enforceability, issued patents that we own or have licensed from third parties may be challenged in the courts or patent offices in the U.S. and abroad. Such challenges may result in the loss of patent protection, the narrowing of claims in such patents or the invalidity or unenforceability of such patents, which could limit our ability to stop others from using or commercializing similar or identical technology and products, or limit the duration of the patent protection for our technology and products. Protecting against the unauthorized use of our patented technology, trademarks and other intellectual property rights is expensive, difficult and, in some cases, not be possible. In some cases, it may be difficult or impossible to detect third-party infringement or misappropriation of our intellectual property rights, even in relation to issued patent claims, and proving any such infringement may be even more difficult. Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats to any competitive advantage we may have. The degree of future protection afforded by our intellectual property rights is uncertain because intellectual property rights have limitations, and may not adequately protect our business, or permit us to maintain our competitive advantage. The following examples are illustrative: • Others may be able to make compounds that are the same as or similar to our current or future product candidates but that are not covered by the claims of the patents that we own or have exclusively licensed. • We might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by the issued patent or pending patent application that we own or have exclusively licensed. • We or any of our licensors or strategic partners might not have been the first to file patent applications covering certain of our inventions. • • • • Others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies without infringing our intellectual property rights. It is possible that our pending patent applications will not lead to issued patents. Issued patents that we own or have exclusively licensed may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or may be held invalid or unenforceable, as a result of legal challenges by our competitors. Our competitors might conduct research and development activities in the U.S. and other countries that provide a safe harbor from patent infringement claims for certain research and development activities, as well as in countries where we do not have patent rights and then use the information learned from such activities to develop competitive products for sale in our major commercial markets. • We may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable. • The patents of others may have an adverse effect on our business. 29 Our technology may be found to infringe upon third-party intellectual property rights. Third parties, may in the future, assert claims or initiate litigation related to their patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights in technology that is important to us. The asserted claims and/or litigation could include claims against us, our licensors or our suppliers alleging infringement of intellectual property rights with respect to our products or components of those products. Regardless of the merit of the claims, they could be time consuming, result in costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel, or require us to develop a non-infringing technology or enter into license agreements. We cannot assure you that licenses will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. Furthermore, because of the potential for significant damage awards, which are not necessarily predictable, it is not unusual to find even arguably unmeritorious claims resulting in large settlements. If any infringement or other intellectual property claim made against us by any third party is successful, or if we fail to develop non-infringing technology or license the proprietary rights on commercially reasonable terms and conditions, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. If our products, methods, processes and other technologies infringe upon the proprietary rights of other parties, we could incur substantial costs and we may have to: • • • • • • obtain licenses, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all; abandon an infringing drug or therapy candidate; redesign our products or processes to avoid infringement; stop using the subject matter claimed in the patents held by others; pay damages; or defend litigation or administrative proceedings which may be costly whether we win or lose, and which could result in a substantial diversion of our financial and management resources. We may need to license intellectual property from third parties, and such licenses may not be available or may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. A third party may hold intellectual property, including patent rights that are important or necessary to the development of our products. It may be necessary for us to use the patented or proprietary technology of a third party to manufacture, or otherwise commercialize, our own technology or products, in which case we would be required to obtain a license from such third party. Licensing such intellectual property may not be available or may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position would be harmed. In addition to seeking patents for some of our technology and product candidates, we also rely on trade secrets, including unpatented know-how, technology and other proprietary information, to maintain our competitive position. We seek to protect these trade secrets, in part, by entering into non- disclosure and confidentiality agreements with parties who have access to them, such as our employees, corporate collaborators, outside scientific collaborators, contract manufacturers, consultants, advisors and other third parties. We also enter into confidentiality and invention or patent assignment agreements with our employees and consultants. Despite these efforts, any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose our proprietary information, including our trade secrets, and we may not be able to obtain adequate remedies for such breaches. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret is difficult, expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, some courts inside and outside of the U.S. are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets. If any of our trade secrets were to be lawfully obtained or independently developed by a competitor, we would have no right to prevent them, or those to whom they communicate it, from using that technology or information to compete with us. If any of our trade secrets were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our competitive position would be harmed. 30 Risks Related to Owning Shares of Our Common Stock Our share price may be volatile, which could subject us to securities class action lawsuits and prevent you from being able to sell your shares at or above the price at which you purchased them. Our stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to many risk factors listed in this section, and others beyond our control, including: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • results of our clinical trials; results of clinical trials of our competitors’ products; regulatory actions with respect to our products or our competitors’ products; actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition and operating results; actual or anticipated changes in our growth rate relative to our competitors; actual or anticipated fluctuations in our competitors’ operating results or changes in their growth rate; competition from existing products or new products that may emerge; announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, collaborations or capital commitments; issuance of new or updated research or reports by securities analysts; fluctuations in the valuation of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us; delisting of the Company’s common shares from the exchange on which they trade due to the Company not being in compliance with the listing requirements of the exchange; share price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading volume levels of our shares; additions or departures of key management or scientific personnel; disputes or other developments related to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our technologies; announcement or expectation of additional financing efforts; sales of our common stock by us, our insiders or our other shareholders; • market conditions for biopharmaceutical stocks in general; and • general economic and market conditions. Furthermore, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, stock markets have experienced extreme volatility in the first quarter of 2020 due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic and investor concerns and uncertainty related to the impact of the outbreak on the economies of countries worldwide. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions such as recessions, interest rate changes or international currency fluctuations, may negatively impact the market price of shares of our common stock. In addition, such fluctuations could subject us to securities class action litigation, which could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business. If the market price of shares of our common stock does not exceed your buying price, you may not realize any return on your investment in us and may lose some or all of your investment. 31 Our recent cash tender offer may have lasting negative effects on the trading price and market liquidity of our common shares. We experienced significant volatility in our stock price following the announcement of the Janssen Transaction and the commencement and completion of our modified Dutch auction tender offer for $420 million of our common shares at a significant premium to the then-current market price. The completion of the cash tender offer significantly reduced the number of our outstanding common shares, which may have an adverse effect on the future liquidity of the market for our common shares, as well as the trading price. A reduction in trading volume and liquidity may make it more difficult for you to sell your common shares at the time and for the price you expect. Price volatility related to the tender offer may continue for the foreseeable future. Our directors, executive officers and principal shareholders continue to have substantial control over our company and could delay or prevent a change in corporate control. As of February 29, 2020 our directors, executive officers and principal shareholders, together with their affiliates, beneficially own, in the aggregate, at least 7.5 million shares or approximately 26% of our outstanding common stock, and could own approximately 10.7 million shares or approximately 37% of our outstanding common stock if they fully exercise their outstanding stock options. As a result, these shareholders, if acting together, have the ability to determine the outcome of matters submitted to our shareholders for approval, including the election of directors and any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. In addition, these persons, acting together, have the ability to control the management and affairs of the Company. Accordingly, this concentration of ownership may harm the market price of our common stock by: • • • delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company; impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving the Company; or discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company. We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from the Janssen Transaction and may not use them effectively. We intend to continue to allocate the net proceeds that we received from our public offerings and the Janssen Transaction to fund discovery and development of our next generation True Human™ anti-IL-1⍺ antibody program and to advance other antibody therapeutics in our pipeline. However, our management will have broad discretion in the actual application of the net proceeds, and we may elect to allocate proceeds differently if we believe it would be in our best interests to do so. For example, in February 2020, we completed a cash tender offer in which we repurchased $420 million of our common shares. Our shareholders may not agree with the manner in which our management chooses to allocate and spend the net proceeds. Our management may also fail to apply these funds effectively, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. We may invest our cash on hand in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value. Provisions in our charter documents under Canadian law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our shareholders, more difficult. Our authorized preferred capital stock is available for issuance from time to time at the discretion of our Board of Directors, without shareholder approval. Our Articles of Incorporation (“Articles”) grant our Board of Directors the authority, subject to the corporate law of British Columbia, to determine or alter the special rights and restrictions granted to or imposed on any wholly unissued series of preferred shares, and such rights may be superior to those of our common stock. 32 Limitations on the ability to acquire and hold our common stock may be imposed by the Competition Act (Canada). This legislation permits the Commissioner of Competition of Canada to review any acquisition of a significant interest in us. This legislation grants the Commissioner jurisdiction to challenge such an acquisition before the Canadian Competition Tribunal if the Commissioner believes that it would, or would be likely to, result in a substantial lessening or prevention of competition in any market in Canada. The Investment Canada Act (Canada) subjects an acquisition of control of a company by a non-Canadian to government review if the value of our assets as calculated pursuant to the legislation exceeds a threshold amount. A reviewable acquisition may not proceed unless the relevant minister is satisfied that the investment is likely to be a net benefit to Canada. Any of the foregoing could prevent or delay a change of control and may deprive or limit strategic opportunities for our shareholders to sell their shares and/or affect the market price of our shares. We may be a passive foreign investment company for US tax purposes which may negatively affect US investors. For US federal income taxation purposes, we will be a passive foreign investment company (PFIC) if in any taxable year either: (a) 75% or more of our gross income consists of passive income; or (b) 50% or more of the value of our assets is attributable to assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. If we meet either test, our shares held by a US person in that year will be PFIC shares for that year and all for subsequent years in which they are held by that person. In previous taxable years, we likely were a PFIC because our gross income consisted principally of interest. In 2019, however, the character of our gross income changed significantly as a result of the Janssen Transaction, and the determination of whether we were a PFIC in 2019 is uncertain. Moreover, the PFIC rules can apply differently to different US shareholders depending on whether a specific shareholder has made certain elections with respect to the ownership of PFIC shares. Because these rules are extremely complex and apply differently based upon whether and when a US shareholder has made certain elections, new and existing US shareholders should consult with their tax advisors as to the tax implications of acquiring, owning and disposing of our stock. We are governed by the corporate laws in British Columbia, Canada which in some cases have a different effect on shareholders than the corporate laws in Delaware, United States. The material differences between the BCBCA as compared to the Delaware General Corporation Law (DGCL) which may be of most interest to shareholders include the following: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) for material corporate transactions (i.e. mergers and amalgamations, other extraordinary corporate transactions, amendments to our Articles) the BCBCA generally requires two-thirds majority vote by shareholders, whereas DGCL generally only requires a majority vote of shareholders; the quorum for shareholders meetings is not prescribed under the BCBCA and is only two persons representing 20% of the issued shares under our Articles, whereas under DGCL, quorum requires a minimum of one-third of the shares entitled to vote to be present and companies’ certificates of incorporation frequently require a higher percentage to be present; under the BCBCA, a holder of 5% or more of our common stock can requisition a special meeting at which any matters that can be voted on at our annual meeting can be considered, whereas the DGCL does not give this right; our Articles require two-thirds majority vote by shareholders to pass a resolution for one or more directors to be removed, whereas DGCL only requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders; however, many public company charters limit removal of directors to a removal for cause; and our Articles may be amended by resolution of our directors to alter our authorized share structure, including to consolidate or subdivide any of our shares, whereas under DGCL, a majority vote by shareholders is generally required to amend a corporation’s certificate of incorporation and a separate class vote may be required to authorize alterations to a corporation’s authorized share structure. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because of these material differences. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our share price may be more volatile. 33 Future sales, or the possibility of future sales, of a substantial number of our common stock could adversely affect the price of the shares and dilute shareholders. Future sales of a substantial number of our common stock, or the perception that such sales will occur, could cause a decline in the market price of our common stock. As of March 16, 2020, we had 28,852,927 common shares outstanding. In the future, we may issue additional common stock or other equity or debt securities convertible into common stock in connection with a financing, acquisition, litigation settlement, employee arrangements or otherwise. Any such issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing shareholders and could cause our common share price to decline. We are an “emerging growth company” as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (JOBS Act) and we intend to take advantage of reduced disclosure and governance requirements applicable to emerging growth companies, which could result in our common stock being less attractive to investors and adversely affect the market price of our common stock or make it more difficult to raise capital as and when we need it. We are an “emerging growth company” as that term is used in the JOBS Act, and we intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved and exemptions from any rules that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board may adopt requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report on the financial statements. We currently intend to take advantage of some, but not all, of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us under the JOBS Act, so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company.” For example, so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” we may elect not to provide you with certain information, including certain financial information and certain information regarding compensation of our executive officers, that we would otherwise have been required to provide in filings we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) which may make it more difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate the Company. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. We may take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company, which in certain circumstances could be for up to five years. Due to the exemptions from various reporting requirements provided to us as an “emerging growth company” we may be less attractive to investors and it may be difficult for us to raise additional capital as and when we need it. Investors may be unable to compare our business with other companies in our industry if they believe that our financial statements are not as transparent as other companies in our industry. If we are unable to raise additional capital as and when we need it, our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows and future prospects may be materially and adversely affected. If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, shareholders could lose confidence in our financial and other public reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our common stock. Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, any testing by us conducted in connection with Section 404 or any subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses or that may require prospective or retroactive changes to our financial statements or identify other areas for further attention or improvement. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock. 34 We are required to disclose changes made in our internal controls and procedures on a quarterly basis and our management is required to assess the effectiveness of these controls annually. However, for as long as we are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404. We could be an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, or through the end of fiscal year 2020. An independent assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls could detect problems that our management’s assessment might not. We expect that we will no longer qualify as an “emerging growth company” following December 31, 2020 and that we will incur significant additional costs once we no longer qualify as an “emerging growth company.” Commencing December 31, 2020, we will no longer qualify as an “emerging growth company,” and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will no longer apply to us. As a result, we will no longer be permitted to take advantage of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements described above. Once we are no longer an emerging growth company, we expect to incur additional expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with those additional requirements applicable to companies that are not emerging growth companies, including the auditor attestation requirements for internal controls. Compliance with these additional laws, rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources. In addition, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns and our costs and expenses will increase, which could harm our business and operating results. We may also need to hire more employees in the future or engage additional outside consultants to comply with these requirements, which will increase our costs and expenses. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS Not applicable. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES The Company owns 48 acres of industrial-zoned property located five miles from Austin’s central business district. In 2016, construction of a new manufacturing facility on this property was completed. The Company uses this facility to produce product under the clinical manufacturing agreement entered into in connection with the Janssen Transaction and to support its drug development and other activities. In 2019, XBiotech completed the construction of a new infectious disease and animal facility laboratory. Located in a separate building on our campus, just a short walk from the Company’s main manufacturing headquarters, the new facility incorporates an animal biological safety level 2 (ABSL2) laboratory and other laboratories for in vitro and in vivo testing of the Company’s True Human™ antibodies against infectious disease targets. To accelerate advance of its pipeline, the Company is planning to build an additional 30,000 square foot Research & Development center on the campus. XBiotech owns the 48-acre campus—and all structures on the property—debt-free and envisions further expansion of facilities on the property. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS On October 23, 2018, the honorable Judge Dustin M. Howell of the 459th Travis County District Court has issued a letter ruling granting the Company’s Motion to Dismiss the securities class action complaint brought against XBiotech (Case D-1-GN-17-003063). The District Court has directed the parties to prepare a formal order memorializing the ruling. Two federal cases were previously filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas, but both of those cases have also been dismissed. Therefore, there no longer remains any litigation involving the Company. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 35 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES. Market Information Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on April 15, 2015 under the symbol “XBIT.” Prior to that time, there was no established public trading market for our common stock. Holders of record As of March 11, 2020, there were 124 holders of record of our common stock. Because many of our shares are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of beneficial holders represented by these record holders. Dividends We have never paid or declared any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain any earnings for future growth and, therefore, do not expect to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following selected consolidated financial data for each of the five years ended December 31, 2019 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The selected consolidated financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the financial statements, and the related Notes, included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results. Set forth below are our selected consolidated financial data (in thousands, except share and per share amounts) 2019 Year Ended December 31, 2017 2018 2016 2015 Statement of Operations Data Operating expenses: Research and development General and administrative Total operating expenses Loss from operations Other income (loss): Interest income Foreign exchange gain (loss) Gain from Janssen Transaction Other income Total other income (loss): Income before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net income (loss ) Net income (loss) per common share—basic Weighted average number of common shares—basic Net income (loss) per common share—diluted Weighted average number of common shares—diluted $ 24,090 $ 7,143 31,233 (31,233) 15,725 $ 5,269 20,994 (20,994) 26,424 $ 7,635 34,059 (34,059) 42,486 $ 10,277 52,763 (52,763) 564 (888) 750,000 10 749,686 718,453 (49,824) 668,629 17.17 38,945,468 14.44 46,319,457 400 (548) - 4 (144) (21,138) - (21,138) (0.59) 35,804,304 (0.59) 35,804,304 354 555 - - 909 (33,150) - (33,150) (0.95) 34,875,814 (0.95) 34,875,814 49 (47) - - 2 (52,761) - (52,761) (1.63) 32,403,391 (1.63) 32,403,391 36 31,310 6,200 37,510 (37,510) - 6 - 21 27 (37,483) - (37,483) (1.22) 30,801,994 (1.22) 30,801,994 Balance Sheet data Cash and cash equivalents Working capital Total assets Total shareholders’ equity 2019 2018 As of December 31, 2017 2016 2015 $ 714,594 $ 656,073 816,877 755,631 15,823 $ 14,072 44,345 41,398 31,768 $ 30,540 62,972 60,162 34,324 $ 28,967 67,050 59,064 91,051 86,750 109,358 103,050 ITEM 7 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business and related financing, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of this annual report on Form 10-K, our actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis. Overview XBiotech Inc. (“XBiotech” or the “Company) is a pre-market biopharmaceutical company engaged in discovering and developing True Human™ monoclonal antibodies for treating a variety of diseases. True Human™ monoclonal antibodies are those which occur naturally in human beings—as opposed to being derived from animal immunization or otherwise engineered. We believe that naturally occurring monoclonal antibodies have the potential to be safer and more effective than their non-naturally occurring counterparts. XBiotech is focused on developing its True Human™ pipeline and manufacturing system. After the Janssen Transaction in December 2019, we had retained earnings of $430.9 million. We had net income of $668.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to a net loss of $21.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, and a net loss of $33.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the next two years, we expect that the revenues from Janssen Transaction will generate enough cash for our research and development activities. However, we expect to incur significant and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future as we advance our drug candidates from discovery through preclinical testing and clinical trials and seek regulatory approval and eventual commercialization. In addition to these increasing research and development expenses, we expect general and administrative costs to increase as we continue to operate as a public company. We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve or sustain profitability, and we may never do so. As of December 31, 2019, we had 49 employees. 37 Revenues Prior to receiving payments under the clinical manufacturing agreement entered into in connection with the Janssen Transaction, we had not generated any revenue. Under this clinical manufacturing agreement, we manufacture bermekimab for use by Janssen in clinical trials, in exchange for fixed payments, paid in quarterly installments through 2021. In addition, we entered into a transition services agreement under which we agreed to continue operational management, on a fee-for-service basis, of certain ongoing clinical trials related to bermekimab. Our ability to generate any additional revenue and/or to become profitable (or sustain any profitability) depends on our ability to successfully commercialize any product candidates we may advance in the future. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expense consists of expenses incurred in connection with identifying and developing our drug candidates. These expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses, stock-based compensation, the purchase of equipment, laboratory and manufacturing supplies, facility costs, costs for preclinical and clinical research, development of quality control systems, quality assurance programs and manufacturing processes. We charge all research and development expenses to operating expenses as incurred. Clinical development timelines, likelihood of success and total costs vary widely. We do not currently track our internal research and development costs or our personnel and related costs on an individual drug candidate basis. We use our research and development resources, including employees and our drug discovery technology, across multiple drug development programs. As a result, we cannot state precisely the costs incurred for each of our research and development programs or our clinical and preclinical drug candidates. From inception through December 31, 2019, we have recorded total research and development expenses, including share-based compensation, of $209.8 million. Our total research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $24.1 million, compared to $15.7 million the year ended December 31, 2018, and $26.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Share- based compensation accounted for $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Research and development expenses as a percentage of total operating expenses was 77% for the year ended December 31, 2019, 75% for the year ended December 31, 2018, and 78% for the year ended December 31, 2017. The percentages, excluding stock-based compensation, were 81% for the year ended December 31, 2019, 78% for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 82% for the year ended December 31, 2017. Based on the results of our preclinical studies, we anticipate that we will select drug candidates and research projects for further development on an ongoing basis in response to their preclinical and clinical success and commercial potential. For research and development candidates in early stages of development, it is premature to estimate when material net cash inflows from these projects might occur. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries and related expenses for personnel in administrative, finance, business development and human resource functions, as well as the legal costs of pursuing patent protection of our intellectual property and patent filing and maintenance expenses, share–based compensation, and professional fees for legal services. Our total general and administration expenses was $7.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and $7.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Share- based compensation accounted for $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Critical Accounting Policies Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (US GAAP). The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and expenses incurred during the reported periods. We base estimates on our historical experience, known trends and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. 38 While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in the notes to our financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we believe that the following accounting policies are the most critical to understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based awards are measured at fair value at each grant date. We recognize stock-based compensation expenses ratably over the requisite service period of the option award. Determination of the Fair Value of Stock-Based Compensation Grants The determination of the fair value of stock-based compensation arrangements is affected by a number of variables, including estimates of the expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate and the expected life of the award. We value stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that are fully transferable and have no vesting restrictions. Black-Scholes option-pricing model and other option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. If we made different assumptions, our stock-based compensation expenses, net loss, and net loss per common share could be significantly different. Prior to our initial public offering in April 2015, we used the sales price of our common stock as the fair value of our common stock. After our IPO, we determine that the fair value of common stock is equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock as reported by NASDAQ on the option grant date. The following summarizes the assumptions used for estimating the fair value of stock options granted during the periods indicated: Weighted-average grant date fair value per share Expected volatility Risk-free interest rate Expected life (in years) Dividend yield 2019 $9.36 Year Ended December 31, 2018 $4.38 2017 $4.85 80% - 1.41% - – 5.38 — 67% - 97% 2.64% 2.38% - 1 – 10 — 65% - 80% 3.12% 1.83% - – 10 — 5.38 67% 2.41% 10 We have assumed no dividend yield because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, which is consistent with our past practice. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates for U.S. Treasury securities with maturities consistent with the expected life of our stock options. The expected life represents the period of time the stock options are expected to be outstanding and is based on the simplified method when the stock option includes “plain vanilla” terms. Under the simplified method, the expected life of an option is presumed to be the midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the agreement term. We used the simplified method due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected life of the stock options. For stock options that did not include “plain vanilla” terms, we used the contractual life of the stock option as the expected life. Such stock options consisted primarily of options issued to our board of directors that were immediately vested at issuance. Expected volatility is based on historical volatilities for publicly traded stock of comparable companies over the estimated expected life of the stock options. Due to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, “Stock Compensation”, effective January 1, 2017, the Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur rather than on an estimated basis. Income Taxes We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. We record deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, as well as for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which we expect to recover or settle those temporary differences. We recognize the effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. We assess the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be realized, and we recognize a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. This assessment requires judgment as to the likelihood and amounts of future taxable income by tax jurisdiction. To date, we have provided a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets as we believe the objective and verifiable evidence of our historical pretax net losses outweighs any positive evidence of our forecasted future results. Although we believe that our tax estimates are reasonable, the ultimate tax determination involves significant judgment. We will continue to monitor the positive and negative evidence and will adjust the valuation allowance as sufficient objective positive evidence becomes available. We account for uncertain tax positions by recognizing the financial statement effects of a tax position only when, based upon technical merits, it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination. We recognize potential accrued interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax positions within our global operations in income tax expense. Results of Operations Revenue We did not record any revenue during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. 39 Expenses Research and Development Research and Development costs are summarized as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Increase % Increase (Decrease) (Decrease) Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 Increase % Increase (Decrease) (Decrease) Salaries and related expenses Laboratory and manufacturing supplies Clinical trials and sponsored research Stock-based compensation Other Total $ $ 6,291 $ 4,699 4,787 1,635 6,678 24,090 $ 4,178 $ 2,027 2,087 697 6,737 15,726 $ 2,113 2,672 2,700 938 (59) 8,364 51% $ 132% 129% 135% -1% 53% $ 4,178 $ 2,027 2,087 696 6,737 15,725 $ (2,149) 6,327 $ (888) 2,915 (9,042) 11,129 283 413 5,640 1,097 26,424 $ (10,699) (34%) (30%) (81%) 69% 19% (40%) We do not currently track our internal research and development costs or our personnel and related costs on an individual drug candidate basis. We use our research and development resources, including employees and our drug discovery technology, across multiple drug development programs. As a result, we cannot state precisely the costs incurred for each of our research and development programs or our clinical and preclinical drug candidates. Research and development expenses increased 53% to $24.1 million for year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $15.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The research and development expenses increase for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 was caused by the increase of laboratory and manufacturing supplies for the clinical trial opened in the third quarter of the year. Labor costs also increased due to the bonus to employees and growing size of the research and development workforce. In addition, there was a $2.7 million increase in clinical trial and sponsored research expense due to the phase II trials opened in the third quarter of the year. Research and development expenses decreased by 40% to $15.7 million for year ended December 31, 2018 compared to $26.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease in research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017 was due to a $9 million decrease of clinical trial activities and sponsored research expenses. In addition, there was a decrease in laboratory and manufacturing supplies expense due to the decrease of manufacturing. The decrease is also due to $2.1 million of salaries and related expenses in 2018. We had an offsetting increase in stock–based compensation due to the issuance of stock options to employees. General and Administrative General and administrative costs are summarized as follows (in thousands): Salaries and related expenses Patent filing expense Stock-based compensation Professional fees Other Total Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Increase % Increase (Decrease) (Decrease) Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 Increase % Increase (Decrease) (Decrease) $ $ 1,345 $ 801 1,723 1,701 1,573 7,143 $ 1,107 $ 836 964 775 1,587 5,269 $ 238 (35) 759 926 (14) 1,874 21% $ (4%) 79% 119% (1%) 36% $ 1,107 $ 836 964 775 1,587 5,269 $ 1,497 $ 659 2,063 1,676 1,740 7,635 $ (390) 177 (1,099) (901) (153) (2,366) (26%) 27% (53%) (54%) (9%) (31%) 40 General and administrative expenses increased 36% to $7.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was mainly due to a $0.8 million increase of Share-based compensation to Board members and the Chief Executive Officer. Also, professional fees increased $0.9 million mainly due to professional and legal fees related to the Janssen Transaction. Salaries and related expenses increased in 2019 due to the bonus to General and administrative workforce. General and administrative expenses decreased 31% to $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to $7.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease was principally due to a $1.1 million decrease of Share-based compensation to Board members as well as a $0.9 million decrease of professional fees related to EMA meeting in 2017 and legal fees related to the securities litigation which was ended on October 2018. Salaries and related expenses decreased in 2018 due to the reduction of work force in May 2017. Other Income The following table summarizes other income (in thousands): Interest income Gain from Janssen Transaction Other income Foreign exchange gain (loss) Total 2019 Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 $ $ 564 $ 750,000 10 (888) 749,686 ($ 400 $ - 4 (548) 144) $ 354 - - 555 909 Other income for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes a $750 million gain from the business purchase agreement with Janssen in December. The $564 thousand of interest income for the year ended December 31, 2019 is mainly from the interest generated from the Company’s Canadian bank account. Foreign exchange loss was mainly due to Canada local currency for income tax purposes different than its functional currency and the fluctuation between US dollar and Euro in the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. The $400 thousand of interest income for the year ended December 31, 2018 is mainly from the interest generated from the Company’s Canadian bank account. Foreign exchange loss was mainly due to the fluctuation between US dollar and Euro in the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017. Income Taxes Income taxes expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 is $49.8 million due to the income generated from the Janssen Transaction. It includes $1.8 million United State income taxes, $48.0 million Canadian income taxes and $13 thousand deferred tax benefit in Canada. We didn’t record any income taxes during the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 due to losses and a full valuation allowance in all jurisdictions. Liquidity and Capital Resources Our cash requirements could change materially as a result of the progress of our research and development and clinical programs, licensing activities, acquisitions, divestitures or other corporate developments. Since our inception on March 22, 2005 through December 31, 2019, we have funded our operations principally through private placements and public offerings of equity securities, which have provided aggregate cash proceeds of approximately $299.5 million. Also, we received $675 million in cash proceeds from the Janssen Transaction in the year ended December 31, 2019. We will receive $75 million cash from the same transaction in 2021. During the next two years, we expect that the revenues from Janssen Transaction will generate enough cash for our research and development activities. At December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $714.6 million as compared to cash and cash equivalents of $15.8 million at December 31, 2018. The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash (in thousands): 41 Net cash (used in) provided by: Operating activities Investing activities Financing activities Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents Net change in cash and cash equivalents 2019 Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 $ $ (18,270) $ 674,796 42,096 149 698,771 $ (16,537) $ (122) 201 513 (15,945) $ (33,649) (1,405) 33,323 (825) (2,556) During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, our operating activities used net cash of $18.2 million, $16.5 million, and $33.6 million respectively. The use of net cash in each of these periods primarily resulted from our net incomes and losses. The increase in net loss from operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to the increase of laboratory and manufacturing supplies. The decrease in net loss from operations for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2017 was mainly due to the decrease in clinical trial and the reduction of the size of our workforce. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, our investing activities changed net cash of $674.8, $0.1 million, and $1.4 million, respectively. The increase for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 was due to the $675 million gain from the Janssen Transaction. The decrease for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2017 was primarily due to the new equipment purchases being completed in 2017. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, our financing activities provided net cash proceeds of $42.1 million, $0.2 million, and $33.3 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31,2019, we sold 4.8 million shares under the Common Shares Purchase Agreement with Piper Jaffray & Co for net proceeds of approximately $37.5 million. Employees exercised stock options to purchase a total of 771 thousand shares of our common stock for approximately $3.8 million in net proceeds. During the year ended December 31, 2018, employees exercised stock options to purchase a total of 161 thousand shares of common stock for a total of approximately $0.2 million in net proceeds. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we entered into subscription agreements with accredited investors, and sold 2.4 million common shares at $13 per share for approximately $31.6 million in net proceeds. Also, we sold 87 thousand shares under a Common Stock Sales Agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC for net proceeds of approximately $1.0 million. Employees exercised stock options to purchase a total of 290 thousand shares of common stock for a total of approximately $0.7 million in net proceeds. As of December 31, 2019, our principal sources of liquidity were our cash and cash equivalents, which totaled approximately $714.6 million. In February 2020, the Company completed a modified Dutch auction tender offer, in which the Company purchased 14,000,000 common shares at a price of $30.00 per share for an aggregate price of approximately $420 million (excluding fees and expenses related to the offer). These shares repurchased represented approximately 32.67% of the common shares outstanding. The final proration factor for shares that XBiotech has purchased pursuant to the tender offer was approximately 33.25%. The Company regularly evaluates its capital resources and efficient means of deploying its capital and is considering additional share repurchases. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements Since inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet activities, including the use of structured finance, special purpose entities or variable interest entities. 42 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE OF MARKET RISKS The Company is not currently exposed to material market risk arising from financial instruments, changes in interest rates or commodity prices, or fluctuations in foreign currencies. The Company has no need to hedge against any of the foregoing risks and therefore currently engages in no hedging activities. 43 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Index to Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Operations Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements " 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of XBiotech Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of XBiotech Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP We have served as the Company‘s auditor since 2005. Austin, Texas March 16, 2020 45 XBiotech Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands, except share data) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Escrow receivable Deferred tax asset Property and equipment, net Total assets Liabilities and shareholders’ equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued expenses Contract liabilities Other taxes payable Total current liabilities Long-term liabilities: Deferred rent Income tax payable – non-current Total liabilities Shareholders’ equity: Preferred Stock, no par value, unlimited shares authorized, no shares outstanding Common stock, no par value, unlimited shares authorized, 41,519,633 and 35,899,772 shares outstanding at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively Accumulated other comprehensive loss Retained earnings Total shareholders’ equity Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity See accompanying notes. 46 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ $ $ 714,594 $ 1,669 716,263 75,000 443 25,171 816,877 $ 2,149 $ 4,180 4,500 49,361 60,190 - 1,056 61,246 15,823 1,193 17,016 - - 27,329 44,345 1,653 1,291 - - 2,944 3 - 2,947 - - 324,808 (106) 430,929 755,631 279,353 (255) (237,700) 41,398 $ 816,877 $ 44,345 XBiotech Inc. Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands, except share and per share data) Operating expenses: Research and development General and administrative Total operating expenses Loss from operations Other income (loss): Interest income Gain from Janssen Transaction Other income Foreign exchange gain (loss) Total other income (loss) Income before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net income (loss) Net income (loss) per share—basic Shares used to compute basic net income (loss) per share Net income (loss) per share—diluted Shares used to compute diluted net income (loss) per share See accompanying notes. 47 2019 Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 $ $ $ $ 24,090 $ 7,143 31,233 (31,233) 564 750,000 10 (888) 749,686 718,453 (49,824) 668,629 $ 17.17 $ 38,945,468 14.44 $ 46,319,457 15,725 $ 5,269 20,994 (20,994) 400 - 4 (548) (144) (21,138) - (21,138) $ (0.59) $ 35,804,304 (0.59) $ 35,804,304 26,424 7,635 34,059 (34,059) 354 - - 555 909 (33,150) - (33,150) (0.95) 34,875,814 (0.95) 34,875,814 XBiotech Inc. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (in thousands) 2019 Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 $ $ 668,629 $ 149 668,778 $ (21,138) $ 513 (20,625) $ (33,150) (825) (33,975) Net income (loss) Foreign currency translation adjustment Comprehensive income (loss) See accompanying notes. 48 Balance at December 31, 2016 Net loss Foreign currency translation adjustment Issuance of common stock, net of issuance cost Issuance of common stock under stock option plan Share-based compensation expense Balance at December 31, 2017 Net loss Foreign currency translation adjustment Issuance of common stock, net of issuance cost Issuance of common stock under stock option plan Subscription receivable Share-based compensation expense Balance at December 31, 2018 Net income Foreign currency translation adjustment Issuance of common stock, net of issuance cost Issuance of common stock under stock option plan Subscription receivable Collection of stock subscription receivable Share-based compensation expense Balance at December 31, 2019 See accompanying notes. XBiotech Inc. Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (in thousands) Number of Shares Common Stock Amount Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Retained Earnings Total 242,419 $ - - 32,620 818 1,635 277,492 $ - - - 401 (200) 1,660 279,353 $ - - 38,062 3,835 (102) 302 3,358 324,808 $ 32,628 $ - - 2,521 290 - 35,439 $ - - 300 161 - - 35,900 $ - - 4,848 771 - - - 41,519 $ 49 57 $ - (825) - - - (768) $ - 513 - - - - (255) $ - 149 - - - - - (106) $ (183,412) $ (33,150) - - - - (216,562) $ (21,138) - - - - - (237,700) $ 668,629 - - - - - - 430,929 $ 59,064 (33,150) (825) 32,620 818 1,635 60,162 (21,138) 513 - 401 (200) 1,660 41,398 668,629 149 38,062 3,835 (102) 302 3,358 755,631 XBiotech Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands) Operating activities Net income (loss) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: 2019 Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 $ 668,629 $ (21,138) $ (33,150) Depreciation Share-based compensation expense Gain from Janssen Transaction Escrow receivable Deferred Tax Asset Other non-cash adjustments Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Prepaid expenses and other current Accounts payable Accrued expenses Contract liabilities Other taxes payable Deferred rent Income tax payable – non-current Net cash used in operating activities Investing activities Purchase of property and equipment Cash received from Janssen Transaction Net cash provided by investing activities Financing activities Issuance of common stock and warrants, net Issuance of common stock under stock option plan Collection of subscription receivable Net cash provided by financing activities Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents Net change in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents, end of period Supplemental Information: Subscription receivable See accompanying notes. 2,361 3,358 (675,000) (75,000) (444) - (472) 496 2,888 4,500 49,361 (3) 1,056 (18,270) (204) 675,000 674,796 38,062 3,732 302 42,096 149 698,771 15,823 714,594 $ 2,433 1,660 - - - - 372 (78) 229 - - (15) - (16,537) (122) - (122) - 201 - 201 513 (15,945) 31,768 15,823 $ 1,484 1,750 - - - 401 1,041 (2,700) (2,470) - - (5) - (33,649) (1,405) - (1,405) 32,620 703 - 33,323 (825) (2,556) 34,324 31,768 - 200 - $ 50 1. Organization XBiotech Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements XBiotech Inc. (XBiotech or the Company) was incorporated in Canada on March 22, 2005. XBiotech USA, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, was incorporated in Delaware, United States in November 2007. XBiotech Switzerland AG, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, was incorporated in Zug, Switzerland in August 2010. XBiotech Japan K.K., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, was incorporated in Tokyo, Japan in March 2013. XBiotech Germany GmbH, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, was incorporated in Germany in January 2014. The Company’s headquarters are located in Austin, Texas. Since its inception, XBiotech has focused on advancing technology to rapidly identify and clone antibodies from individuals that have resistance to disease. At the heart of the Company is a proprietary technical knowhow to translate natural human immunity into therapeutic product candidates. In 2005, the Company began to develop a new framework for commercial manufacturing, using technology that required less capital, fewer operators and provided greater flexibility than standard industry practices. With the manufacturing capability to produce its True Human™ antibody therapy, in 2010, the Company began a clinical trial program. The first clinical trial program at MD Anderson Cancer Center began treating the sickest cancer patients irrespective of tumor type. Soon thereafter, the Company used the same antibody therapy in various clinical studies at treatment centers around the United States (U.S.) and abroad to investigate the antibody effect in patients that had vascular disease, leukemia, type 2 diabetes, psoriasis or acne. The Company continues to be subject to a number of risks common to companies in similar stages of development. Principal among these risks are the uncertainties of technological innovations, dependence on key individuals, development of the same or similar technological innovations by the Company’s competitors and protection of proprietary technology. The Company’s ability to fund its planned clinical operations, including completion of its planned trials, is expected to depend on the amount and timing of cash receipts from future collaboration or product sales and/or financing transactions. The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents of $714.6 million at December 31, 2019, will enable the Company to achieve several major inflection points, including potential new clinical studies with our lead product candidate. We expect to have sufficient cash through one year from the report issuance date. 2. Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (US GAAP). Basis of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported values of amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Prior to its initial public offering on April 15, 2015, the Company utilized significant estimates and assumptions in determining the fair value of its common stock. The board of directors determined the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock based on a number of objective and subjective factors, including the prices at which the Company sold shares of its common stock to third parties and external market conditions affecting the biotechnology industry sector. After the initial public offering, the fair market value is calculated by using the closing price of the Company’s common stock as reported by NASDAQ. 51 Research and Development Costs All research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. Research and development costs include salaries and personnel-related costs, consulting fees, fees paid for contract clinical trial research services, the costs of laboratory consumables, equipment and facilities, license fees and other external costs. Costs incurred to acquire licenses for intellectual property to be used in research and development activities with no alternative future use are expensed as incurred as research and development costs. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. The capitalized amounts are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed. Income Taxes The Company makes estimates and judgments in determining the need for a provision for income taxes, including the estimation of its taxable income or loss for the full fiscal year. The Company has accumulated significant deferred tax assets that reflect the tax effects of net operating losses and tax credit carryovers and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings. The Company is uncertain about the timing and amount of any future earnings. Accordingly, the Company offsets certain deferred tax assets with a valuation allowance. The Company may in the future determine that certain deferred tax assets more-likely-than-not be realized, in which case the Company will reduce its valuation allowance in the period in which such determination is made. If the valuation allowance is reduced, the Company may recognize a benefit from income taxes in its statement of operations in that period. Income taxes are recorded in accordance with ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which provides for deferred taxes using an asset and liability approach. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. The Company determines its deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, which are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided if based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements and provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. This interpretation also provides guidance on measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods and disclosure. The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions is to record such items as a component of tax expense. Share-Based Compensation The Company accounts for its share-based compensation awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718, which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statements of operations based on their grant date fair values. For stock options granted to employees and to members of the board of directors for their services on the board of directors, the Company estimates the grant date fair value of each option award using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The use of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock consistent with the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yields of the common stock. For awards subject to service-based vesting conditions, the Company recognizes share-based compensation expense, equal to the grant date fair value of stock options on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur rather than on an estimated basis. 52 Share-based compensation expense recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was included in the following line items on the Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands). Research and development General and administrative Total share-based compensation expense Year Ended December 31, 2018 2019 $ $ 1,635 $ 1,723 696 $ 964 3,358 $ 1,660 $ 2017 413 2,063 2,476 The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes method with the following assumptions: Weighted-average grant date fair value per share Expected volatility Risk-free interest rate Expected life (in years) Dividend yield 2019 $9.36 Year Ended December 31, 2018 $4.32 2017 $4.85 80% - 1.41% - – 5.38 — 97% 67% - 2.64% 2.38% - 1 – 10 — 80% 65% - 3.12% 1.83% - – 10 — 5.38 67% 2.41% 10 Due to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, “Stock Compensation” on January 1, 2017, the Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur rather than on an estimated basis. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers highly liquid investments with a maturity of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consisted primarily of cash on deposit in U.S., German, Swiss and Canadian banks. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost which approximates fair value. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company holds these investments in highly-rated financial institutions, and limits the amounts of credit exposure to any one financial institution. These amounts at times may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any credit losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on these funds. The Company has no off-balance sheet concentrations of credit risk, such as foreign currency exchange contracts, option contracts or other hedging arrangements. 53 Fair Value Measurements The Company follows ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which establishes a fair value hierarchy for those instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market date (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy consists of three levels: • • • Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2—Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3—Unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The carrying amounts reflected in the balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair values at December 31, 2019 and 2018, due to their short-term nature. Property and Equipment Property and equipment, which consists of land, construction in process, furniture and fixtures, computers and office equipment, scientific equipment, leasehold improvements, vehicles and building are stated at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets, with the exception of land and construction in process which are not depreciated, using the straight line method. The useful lives are as follows: • Furniture and fixtures • Office equipment • Scientific equipment • Vehicles • Mobile facility • Building 7 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 27.5 years 39 years Costs of major additions and betterments are capitalized; maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the life of the respective assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of the disposed asset and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recognized. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company periodically evaluates its long-lived assets for potential impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment. Potential impairment is assessed when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recovered. Recoverability of these assets is assessed based on undiscounted expected future cash flows from the assets, considering a number of factors, including past operating results, budgets and economic projections, market trends and product development cycles. If impairments are identified, assets are written down to their estimated fair value. The Company has not recognized any impairment through December 31, 2019. Foreign Currency Transactions Certain transactions are denominated in a currency other than the Company’s functional currency of the U.S. dollar, and the Company generates assets and liabilities that are fixed in terms of the amount of foreign currency that will be received or paid. At each balance sheet date, the Company adjusts the assets and liabilities to reflect the current exchange rate, resulting in a translation gain or loss. Transaction gains and losses are also realized upon a settlement of a foreign currency transaction in determining net loss for the period in which the transaction is settled. Comprehensive Income (Loss) ASC Topic 220, Comprehensive Income, requires that all components of comprehensive income (loss), including net income (loss), be reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including unrealized gains and losses on investments and foreign currency translation adjustments. 54 Segment and Geographic Information Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer. The Company and the chief operating decision maker view the Company’s operations and manage its business as one operating segment. Substantially all of the Company’s operations are in the U.S. geographic segment. Net Income/Loss per Share Net income/loss per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income/loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding (if dilutive) during each period. The number of common share equivalents, which include stock options, is computed using the treasury stock method. Subsequent Events The Company considered events or transactions occurring after the balance sheet date but prior to the date the consolidated financial statements are available to be issued for potential recognition or disclosure in its consolidated financial statements. We have evaluated subsequent events through the date of filing this Form 10-K. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB established Topic 842, Leases, by issuing Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, which supersedes ASC 840, Leases, and requires lessees to recognize leases on-balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842; ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases; and ASU No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements. Topic 842, as amended (the "new lease standard") establishes a right-of-use model (ROU) that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the income statement. The effective date of the new guidance is for the Company’s first quarter of fiscal year 2019. The FASB has approved an optional, alternative method to adopt the lease standard by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company adopted the new standard effective January 1, 2019, using the alternative method. The Company does not have a cumulative adjustment impacting retained earnings. Adoption of the lease standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU requires instruments measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. Entities are also required to record allowances for available-for-sale debt securities rather than reduce the carrying amount. On November 15, 2019, the FASB delayed the effective date of the standard for certain small public companies and other private companies. As amended, the effective date of ASC Topic 326 was delayed until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 for SEC filers that are eligible to be smaller reporting companies under the SEC’s definition, as well as private companies and not-for-profit entities. The Company expects that the adoption will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740: Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. ASU 2019-12 is effective for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements. 3. Janssen Transaction On December 7, 2019, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Janssen Biotech, Inc., under which Janssen acquired the Company’s True Human Antibody bermekimab to target interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1⍺) and the intellectual property associated with indications, particularly dermatological diseases. Upon closing, Janssen paid XBiotech $750 million, with $75 million held in an interest-bearing escrow account for 18 months to satisfy indemnity claims. There are no known asserted or unasserted claims with regard to the intellectual property as of December 31, 2019. In accordance with the agreement, ten Company employees from various departments were transferred to Janssen. Additionally, Janssen will pay the Company up to four milestone payments of $150 million each if it receives specified commercial authorizations within a specified timeframe for a pharmaceutical product that contains bermekimab and is for a non-dermatological indication. This represents contingent consideration; the Company has made a policy election not to recognize any amounts associated with these milestone payments upon execution of the arrangement and treat all amounts as a form of gain contingency. As no amount is currently reasonably certain of collection, these milestone payments were not included in the consideration in the contract. This transaction was accounted for as a sale of a business. 55 The Company and Janssen also entered into an IP Non-Assertion and License Agreement, pursuant to which the Company granted Janssen a non- exclusive license to certain of its patents and intellectual property. Janssen granted the Company a non-exclusive license back of certain intellectual property rights and agreed not to assert certain claims from the patents acquired from the Company in the Janssen Transaction against the Company in connection with the Company’s new antibodies targeting IL-1⍺ as described in the Purchase Agreement, to treat non-dermatological diseases. In addition, the Company entered into a Clinical Manufacturing Agreement, under which XBiotech USA agreed to manufacture bermekimab for use by Janssen in clinical trials, in exchange for fixed payments, paid in quarterly installments. Finally, The Company and Janssen entered into a Transition Services Agreement, under which XBiotech USA agreed to continue operational management, on a fee-for-service basis, of certain ongoing clinical trials related to bermekimab. As a result of Janssen Transaction, the Company recognized a gain of $750 million in non-operating income. Of the $750 million, $675 million was received and booked in cash and the remaining $75 million is held in an interest-bearing escrow account for 18 months and booked in long term assets as a receivable. In addition, the Company received a prepayment of $4.5 million from Janssen related to the clinical manufacturing agreement that will be performed in the first quarter in 2020, which the Company determined to be “at market” in exchange for the services in the clinical manufacturing agreement. The Company booked the $4.5 million within contract liabilities. Substantially all amounts transferred related to IPR&D, and as such, there was no carrying value of the amounts disposed in the Janssen Transaction. Additionally, the Company incurred approximately $572 thousand in expense due to professional fees. The Company determined the costs were “at market” and did not result in any additional consideration with respect to the sale. Income in the consolidated statement of cash flows includes the gain resulting from the Janssen Transaction. Net cash provided by operating activities related to Janssen Transaction was $4.5 million reflected within the operating cash inflow as a change in contract liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2019. Net cash provided by investing activities related to Janssen Transaction was $675 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. 4. Property and Equipment and Building Construction in Progress Property and equipment consisted of the following as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): Computer and office equipment Furniture and fixtures Land Leasehold improvements Scientific equipment Vehicle Building Mobile facility Construction in process Accumulated depreciation 2019 2018 $ $ 482 $ 183 1,418 802 12,592 30 21,013 194 186 (11,729) 25,171 $ 476 183 1,418 802 12,572 30 21,013 - 201 (9,366) 27,329 56 Depreciation expenses related to property and equipment amounted to approximately $2.4 million, $2.4 million, and $1.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Construction in process is related to research and development and manufactory equipment. 5. Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses consist of the following as of December 31, 2019, and 2018 (in thousands): Accrued compensation and related expenses Accrued professional fees Accrued clinical trial expenses Other 6. Common Stock 2019 2018 337 566 3,082 195 4,180 $ 258 92 905 36 1,291 $ Pursuant to its Articles, the Company has an unlimited number of shares available for issuance with no par value. In February 2017, under the Common Stock Sales Agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC, the Company sold 87 thousand shares of common stock at a price between $12.09 to $12.37 per share for total proceeds of $1.0 million. In March 2017, the Company sold 2.4 million shares of common stock at a net price of $13.00 for total proceeds of approximately $31.6 million from investors. From January through December 2017, 290 thousand shares of common stock were issued upon the exercise of stock options at a price of $2.50 to $14.71 per share for a total of $703 thousand. From January through December 2018, 161 thousand shares of common stock were issued upon the exercise of stock options at a price of $2.50 per share for a total of $401 thousand, of which $200 thousand is subscription receivable. During June 2019, under the Common Shares Purchase Agreement with Piper Jaffray & Co., the Company sold 4.8 million shares of common stock at a price $8.25 per share for total net proceeds of $37.5 million, including the capitalized underwriter’s commission of $2.3 million and other related fees of $0.2 million. From January through December 2019, 771 thousand shares of common stock were issued upon the exercise of stock options at a price of $2.50 to $15.00 per share for total proceeds of $3.8 million. 7. Common Stock Options On November 11, 2005, the board of directors of the Company adopted the XBiotech Inc. 2005 Incentive Stock Option Plan (the “2005 Plan”), and on March 24, 2015, the board of directors of the Company adopted the XBiotech Inc. 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2015 Plan”) pursuant to which the Company may grant incentive stock and non-qualified stock options to directors, officers, employees or consultants of the Company or an affiliate or other persons as the Compensation Committee may approve. All options under both Plans will be non-transferable and may be exercised only by the participant, or in the event of the death of the participant, a legal representative until the earlier of the options’ expiry date or the first anniversary of the participant’s death, or such other date as may be specified by the Compensation Committee. The term of the options is at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, but may not exceed 10 years from the grant date. The options expire on the earlier of the expiration date or the date three months following the day on which the participant ceases to be an officer or employee of or consultant to the Company, or in the event of the termination of the participant with cause, the date of such termination. Options held by non-employee Directors have an exercise period coterminous with the term of the options. 57 The number of common shares reserved for issuance to any one person pursuant to the 2005 Plan shall not, in aggregate, exceed 5% of the total number of outstanding common shares. The exercise price per common share under each option will be the fair market value of such shares at the time of the grant. Upon stock option exercise, the Company issues new shares of common stock. A summary of changes in common stock options issued under the 2005 Plan and under the 2015 Plan is as follows: Options outstanding at December 31, 2016 Granted Exercised Forfeitures Options outstanding at December 31, 2017 Granted Exercised Forfeitures Options outstanding at December 31, 2018 Granted Exercised Forfeitures Options outstanding at December 31, 2019 Options 5,188,658 1,251,000 (406,667) (729,367) 5,303,624 1,153,500 (160,500) (761,185) 5,535,439 2,563,500 (771,376) (361,833) 6,965,730 $0.52 4.15 0.93 0.94 $2.50 2.50 Exercise Price - - - - - - 2.50 - - - - - - 2.50 $2.50 5.15 2.5 2.50 $2.71 $21.99 $ 12.6 14.71 21.99 $21.99 $ 5.93 19.09 $21.99 $ 19.87 15 16.50 $21.99 Weighted- Average Exercise Price 8.49 4.85 2.28 11.90 7.69 4.32 2.50 6.12 7.30 9.36 4.62 7.53 6.09 The weighted average fair value of the options issued to directors, employees and consultants during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, was $9.36, $2.97 and $2.97, respectively. Options with an intrinsic value of $(10.25), $(2.22) and $(3.75), became vested during 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercisable and total options outstanding at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $42.4 million and $2.1 million respectively. The total fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $2.0 million, $1.7 million, and $1.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, there was approximately $16.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost, related to stock options granted under the Plan which will be amortized to stock compensation expense over the next 1.74 years. 8. Net Income/Loss Per Share The following summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net income/loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except share and per share data): Net income (loss) Weighted-average number of common shares—basic Net income (loss) per share—basic Weighted-average number of common shares—diluted Net income (loss) per share—diluted 2019 Year Ended December 31, 2018 668,629 $ 38,945,468 17.17 $ 46,319,457 14.44 $ (21,138) $ 35,804,304 (0.59) $ 35,804,304 (0.59) $ $ $ $ 2017 (33,150) 34,875,814 (0.95) 34,875,814 (0.95) The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding, prior to the use of the treasury stock method or if-converted method, have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding, because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect due to the losses reported. 58 Stock options Warrants to purchase common stock Total 9. Income Taxes The components of income before income taxes are as follows: 2019 Year Ended December 31, 2018 6,965,730 - 6,965,730 5,535,439 - 5,535,439 2017 5,303,624 - 5,303,624 (In thousands) United States Canada Other Foreign Total 2019 Years Ended December 31, 2018 2017 $ $ 53,971 $ 664,689 (207) 718,453 $ (5,102) $ (15,404) (632) (21,138) $ (5,765) (26,034) (1,351) (33,150) The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (in thousands): Current United States Canada Other Foreign Total Deferred United States Canada Other Foreign Total Total income tax expense 2019 2018 2017 1,806 48,031 - 49,837 - (13) - (13) 49,824 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the Canada statutory rate to pre-tax income as follows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017: Income tax benefit computed at federal tax rate Capital gain exclusion Change in valuation allowance Impacts of US tax reform Prior year true-ups Stock compensation and other Total 2019 2018 2017 27.0% (13.0)% (6.3)% - (0.4)% (0.4)% 6.9% 26.0% - (20.3%) - (2.3%) (3.4)% —% 26.0% - (15.3%) (13.4%) - 2.7% —% 59 On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or TCJA, tax reform legislation. TJCA significantly changes U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering U.S. corporate income tax rates and implementing a territorial tax system. TCJA reduced the U.S corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. In connection with the initial analysis of the impact of TJCA, the Company remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21%. The remeasurement of the Company’s’ deferred tax balance was offset by application of its valuation allowance. The Company applied the guidance in SAB 118 when accounting for the enactment-date effects of the Act in 2017 and throughout 2018. During 2018, the Company completed its 2017 income tax returns and its accounting for the enactment-date income tax effects of TCJA with no adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded at December 31, 2017. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 as follows (in thousands): Deferred tax assets: Noncapital losses Qualifying research and development credits Stock based compensation Share issue costs Accrued liabilities Deferred rent Total deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Depreciation Prepaid assets Share issuance costs Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax asset Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets Net deferred tax asset including valuation allowance 2019 2018 2017 43 $ - 2,354 587 699 - 43,474 $ 3,119 1,712 128 229 1 3,683 48,663 348 98 - 446 3,237 (2,794) 443 $ 166 55 - 221 48,442 (48,442) — $ 41,551 2,833 1,618 42 49 4 46,097 282 - 35 317 45,780 (45,780) — $ $ As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, the Company had unused net operating losses of approximately $0.1 million in Switzerland and Japan, and approximately $173.2 million ($141.7 million in Canada, $30.9 million in the U.S., and $0.6 million in Switzerland and Japan), respectively, available to reduce taxable income of future years. The tax benefit of net operating losses begins to expire in 2022 in Switzerland and Japan. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. With the exception of certain items as of December 31, 2019 that will generate cash refunds through loss carryback claims in the next three years, the Company has established a full valuation allowance in the U.S., Switzerland, Japan and a partial valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets in Canada due to uncertainties regarding the realization of these deferred tax assets based upon the Company’s lack of earnings history and the Company expects to continue to incur significant expenses for the foreseeable future. 60 We have not provided Canadian income taxes and withholding taxes on the undistributed earnings of U.S. subsidiary as of December 31, 2019, because we intend to indefinitely reinvest such earnings. We intend to use available cash to expand our research and development and manufacturing facilities and also fund the development of our manufacturing processes. Due to the usage of substantially all net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards as a result of the Janssen Transaction, the valuation allowance decreased by $45.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2019. The valuation allowance increased by $2.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 due to additional losses incurred during the year. The Company applies the accounting guidance in ASC 740 related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. The Company’s reserves related to taxes are based on a determination of whether, and how much of, a tax benefit taken by the Company in its tax filings or positions is more likely than not to be realized following resolution of any potential contingencies present related to the tax benefit. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (in thousands): Balance as of January 1 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year Additions for tax positions of prior years Reductions for tax positions of prior years Settlements Balance at December 31 2019 2018 2017 0 46 1,010 0 0 1,056 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 - No interest or penalties were recognized or accrued as of December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017. As of December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, there are $1.1 million, $0 million, and $0 million of unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would affect the annual effective tax rate. The Company files federal income tax returns in Canada, U.S, Switzerland, Germany, and Japan. The Company also files income tax returns in the state of Texas in the U.S. The statute of limitations for assessment by local taxing authorities is open for tax years ended after December 2012 and all years since 2008 for the U.S. remain open until such time the 2019 tax year statute of limitation closes. There are currently no federal or state income tax audits in progress. 10. Subsequent Event The Company commenced a “modified Dutch auction” tender offer to purchase up to $420,000,000 of its common shares on January 14, 2020. The Company announced the final results of the tender offer on February 19, 2020. Based on the final count by American Stock Transfer & Trust Co., LLC, the depositary for the tender offer, a total of 40,007,286 common shares, no par value, were properly tendered and not properly withdrawn at or below the maximum purchase price of $33.00 per share. The Company has accepted for purchase 14,000,000 common shares at a price of $30.00 per share, for an aggregate cost of approximately $420 million, excluding fees and expenses relating to the tender offer. These shares represented approximately 32.67 percent of the common shares outstanding. The final proration factor for shares that XBiotech purchased pursuant to the tender offer was approximately 33.25 percent. 11. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is presented below (in thousands except per share data): 2019 First Quarter Loss from operations Net income (loss) Net income (loss) per share—basic Net income (loss) per share—diluted 2018 First Quarter Loss from operations Net Loss Net loss per share—basic and diluted 61 Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter (13,311) 686,495 16.67 14.82 (6,006) (5,852) (0.16) (0.16) (6,111) (6,150) (0.15) (0.15) (5,805) (5,864) (0.16) (0.16) Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter (6,108) (6,111) (0.17) (5,621) (5,907) (0.16) (5,115) (5,051) (0.14) (4,150) (4,069) (0.11) ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES. Management's Evaluation of our Disclosure Controls and Procedures As of the end of the year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, an evaluation was carried out by the Company’s management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files or furnishes under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and regulations, and are operating in an effective manner. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). We conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based on our assessment, we have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None. 62 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PART III We incorporate by reference the information required by this Item with respect to directors and the Audit Committee from the information under the caption “ELECTION OF DIRECTORS,” including in particular the information under “Nominating and Corporate, Governance and Review Committee” , “Audit Committee”, “Report of the Audit Committee & the Board of Directors”, “Code of Ethics” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” and “EXECUTIVE OFFICERS” contained in our definitive Proxy Statement (the “Proxy Statement”), which we will file on or about April 29, 2020 with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the solicitation of proxies for our 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on June 18, 2020. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information contained under the sections captioned “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION”, “DIRECTOR COMPENSATION”, “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Employment Arrangements” and “Compensation Committee Report” of the Proxy Statement. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information required by this item will be set forth under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. The information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K will be set forth in the section headed “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by this item will be set forth in the section headed “Transactions with Related Persons” in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES The information required by this item will be set forth in the section headed “Ratification of Selection of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES Financial Statements See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of Part II. PART IV Financial Statement Schedules None 63 Exhibit Number Description EXHIBIT INDEX 2.1† Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2019, between XBiotech Inc. and Janssen Biotech, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 30, 2019) 3.1 Certificate of Continuation dated September 23, 2005, issued by the Registrar of Companies, Province of British Columbia, Canada (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on February 2, 2015) 3.2 Notice of Articles, dated December 8, 2005, issued by the Registrar of Companies, Province of British Columbia, Canada (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on February 2, 2015) 3.3 Articles of XBiotech Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on February 2, 2015) 4.1* Description of Registrant's securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 10.1+ Executive Employment Agreement dated as of March 22, 2005 between XBiotech and John Simard (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on February 2, 2015) 10.2+ Change in Control Agreement dated as of March 22, 2005 between XBiotech and John Simard (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on February 2, 2015) 10.3 Confidentiality and Assignment of Inventions Agreement dated as of March 22, 2005 between XBiotech and John Simard (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on February 2, 2015) 10.4+ XBiotech 2005 Incentive Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on February 2, 2015) 10.5+ Form of indemnification agreement between XBiotech and each director of XBiotech (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on February 2, 2015) 10.6 Agreement of Lease by and between NNN Met Center 4-9, LP and XBiotech USA, Inc. dated January 14, 2008 and the First Amendment dated January 17, 2008, the Second Amendment dated August 2010 and the Third Amendment dated March 2013 and the Fourth Amendment dated February 28, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on March 10, 2015) 10.7 Agreement of Lease by and between NNN Met Center 4-9, LLP and XBiotech USA, Inc. for Suite 600 dated August 16, 2010 and First Amendment dated March 2013 and the Second Amendment dated February 28, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on March 10, 2015) 10.8+ Board Member Agreement dated November 4, 2014 between XBiotech, Inc. and Daniel Vasella (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on February 2, 2015) 10.9 Licensing Agreement dated January 16, 2015 between XBiotech USA, Inc. and Lonza Sales AG (portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment under Rule 406 of the Securities Act. incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on March 10, 2015) 10.10 Research and Collaboration Agreement dated December 15, 2014 by and between XBiotech USA, Inc. and the South Texas Blood & Tissue Center (portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment under Rule 406 of the Securities Act of 1933. incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on March 10, 2015) 10.11 XBiotech Inc. 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on March 10, 2015) 10.12+ 10.13† 10.14† 10.15† Board Member Agreement, dated as of July 10, 2019, by and between XBiotech Inc. and Peter Libby (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2019) IP Non-Assertion and License Agreement, dated as of December 30, 2019, between XBiotech Inc. and Janssen Biotech, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 30, 2019) Clinical Manufacturing Agreement, dated as of December 30, 2019, between XBiotech Inc. and Janssen Biotech, Inc. (incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2019) Transition Services Agreement, dated as of December 30, 2019, between XBiotech Inc. and Janssen Biotech, Inc.(incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2019) 64 21.1* List of subsidiaries 23.1* Consent of Ernst & Young LLP 31.1* 31.2* 32.1* 32.2* Certification of the Principal Executive Officer Required Under Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of the Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 101 The following financial statements from the XBiotech, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, formatted in Extensive Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) consolidated balance sheets, (ii) consolidated statements of operations, (iii) consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity, (iv) consolidated statements of cash flows, and (v) notes to consolidated financial statements (detail tagged). Indicates management contract or compensatory plan Filed herewith + * ITEM 16. FORM 10–K SUMMARY Not applicable. 65 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 16, 2020. SIGNATURES XBIOTECH INC., /S/ JOHN SIMARD Name: John Simard Title: President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature and Title /S/ JOHN SIMARD John Simard, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Director Queena Han, Vice President of Finance & Human Resources (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) /S/ QUEENA HAN W. Thorpe McKenzie, Director /S/ W. THORPE MCKENZIE Jan-Paul Waldin, Director /S/ Jan-Paul Waldin Donald MacAdam, Director /S/ Donald MacAdam Peter Libby, Director /S/ Peter Libby 66 Date March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Exhibit 4.1 The following summary describes the common shares, no par value, of XBiotech Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” and “our”), which are the only securities of the Company registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The following description is a summary and does not purport to be complete. It is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our Articles, which are incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit 4.1 is a part. We encourage you to read our Articles and the applicable provisions of the British Columbia Business Corporations Act (“BCBCA”) for additional information. Authorized and Outstanding Stock Our authorized share capital as described in our Articles consists of an unlimited number of common shares and preferred shares without par value. As of December 31, 2019, 41,519,633 shares of the Company’s common shares were outstanding. Following the completion of the Company’s modified Dutch auction tender offer in February 2020, 28,852,927 common shares were outstanding. No preferred shares are outstanding. Common Shares Voting Rights. Holders of common shares are entitled to one vote in respect of each common share held at any meeting of the Company. Except as otherwise provided with respect to any particular series of preferred shares and except as otherwise required by law, the registered holders of preferred shares shall not be entitled as a class to receive notice of or to attend to vote at any meetings of the Company. Under our Articles, the holders of our common shares will be entitled to one vote for each common share held on all matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders, including the election of directors. Our Articles do not provide for cumulative voting rights. Because of this, the holders of a plurality of our common shares entitled to vote in any election of directors can elect all of the directors standing for election, if they should so choose. Dividend Rights. Subject to the BCBCA, and subject to the prior rights of any holders of preferred shares, the holders of the common shares in the absolute discretion of the directors, shall be entitled to receive, and the Company shall pay thereon, out of moneys of the Company properly applicable to the payment of dividends, when declared by the directors, only such dividends as may be declared from time to time in respect of the common shares. The preferred shares are entitled to preference over the common shares with respect to the payment of dividends. We have not paid any dividends since our incorporation. At the discretion of our board of directors, we will consider paying dividends in future as our operational circumstances may permit having regard to, among other things, our earnings, cash flow and financial requirements. Liquidation Rights. Subject to the prior payment to the holders of the preferred shares described below, in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company or other distribution of the assets of the Company among its shareholders, the holders of the shares of our common shares shall be entitled to share pro rata in the distribution of the balance of the assets. The preferred shares shall be entitled to a preference over the common shares with respect to the distribution of assets of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or in the event of any other distribution of assets of the Company among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs; and the preferred stock may be given such other preference not inconsistent with our Articles. Other Rights. Our common shares have no preemptive rights, no conversion rights, no redemption or sinking fund provisions, and are not liable for further call or assessment. Listing. Our common shares currently trade on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “XBIT.” Anti-Takeover Provisions Certain Takeover Bid Requirements. Unless such offer constitutes an exempt transaction, an offer made by a person, an “offeror”, to acquire outstanding shares of a Canadian entity that, when aggregated with the offeror’s holdings (and those of persons or companies acting jointly with the offeror), would constitute 20% or more of the outstanding shares in a class, would be subject to the take-over provisions of Canadian securities laws. The foregoing is a limited and general summary of certain aspects of applicable securities law in the provinces and territories of Canada, all in effect as of the date hereof. In addition to those takeover bid requirements noted above, the acquisition of our shares may trigger the application of statutory regimes including among others, the Investment Canada Act (Canada) and the Competition Act (Canada). Limitations on the ability to acquire and hold our common shares may be imposed by the Competition Act (Canada). This legislation permits the Commissioner of Competition, or the Commissioner, to review any acquisition of control over or of a significant interest in us. This legislation grants the Commissioner jurisdiction, for up to one year, after any such acquisition, to challenge this type of acquisition before the Canadian Competition Tribunal on the basis that it would, or would be likely to, substantially prevent or lessen competition in any market in Canada. This legislation also requires any person who intends to acquire our common shares to file a pre-closing notification with the Canadian Competition Bureau if certain financial thresholds are exceeded and if that person (and their affiliates) would hold more than 20% of our common shares. If a person (and its affiliates) already owns 20% or more of our common shares, a notification must be filed when the acquisition of additional shares would bring that person’s holdings to over 50%. Where a notification is required, the legislation prohibits completion of the acquisition until the expiration of a statutory waiting period, unless the Commissioner provides written notice that she does not intend to challenge the acquisition. The Investment Canada Act requires any person that is a “non-Canadian” (as defined in the Investment Canada Act) who acquires control of an existing Canadian business, where the acquisition of control is not a reviewable transaction, to file a notification with Industry Canada. The Investment Canada Act generally prohibits the implementation of a reviewable transaction unless, after review, the relevant minister is satisfied that the investment is likely to be of net benefit to Canada. Under the Investment Canada Act, the acquisition of control of us (either through the acquisition of our common shares or all or substantially all our assets) by a non-Canadian who is a World Trade Organization member country investor, including a US investor, would be reviewable only if our enterprise value was equal to or greater than a specified amount. Currently, the specified amount for is CAD$600 million, but will eventually increase to CAD$1.0 billion. We believe that we are not a cultural business for Investment Canada Act purposes and that the lower threshold for reviews of acquisitions of such businesses does not apply. The threshold amount is subject to an annual adjustment on the basis of a prescribed formula in the Investment Canada Act to reflect changes in Canadian gross domestic product. The acquisition of a majority of the voting interests of an entity is deemed to be acquisition of control of that entity. The acquisition of less than a majority but one-third or more of the voting shares of a corporation or an equivalent undivided ownership interest in the voting shares of a corporation is presumed to be an acquisition of control of that corporation unless it can be established that, on the acquisition, the corporation is not controlled in fact by the acquirer through the ownership of voting shares. The acquisition of less than one-third of the voting shares of a corporation is deemed not to be an acquisition of control of that corporation. Under the new national security regime in the Investment Canada Act, review on a discretionary basis may also be undertaken by the federal government in respect of a much broader range of investments by a non-Canadian to “acquire, in whole or in part, or to establish an entity carrying on all or any part of its operations in Canada.” The relevant test is whether such an investment by a non-Canadian could be “injurious to national security.” The Minister of Industry has broad discretion to determine whether an investor is a non-Canadian and may be subject to national security review. Review on national security grounds is at the discretion of the federal government and may occur on a pre- or post-closing basis, subject to certain limitation provisions. The government has the power in a national security review to direct that the investment not be implemented, to direct that the investor provide undertakings or the investor implement the investment on prescribed terms or conditions and to order the investor to divest itself of the investment. 2 There is no law, governmental decree or regulation in Canada that restricts the export or import of capital or which would affect the remittance of dividends or other payments by us to non-Canadian holders of our common shares or preferred shares, other than withholding tax requirements. Our Articles do not contain any change of control limitations with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring that involves us. This summary is not a comprehensive description of relevant or applicable considerations regarding such requirements and, accordingly, is not intended to be, and should not be interpreted as, legal advice to any prospective purchaser and no representation with respect to such requirements to any prospective purchaser is made. Prospective investors should consult their own Canadian legal advisors with respect to any questions regarding securities law in the provinces and territories of Canada. Actions Requiring a Special Majority. Under the BCBCA and our Articles, certain corporate actions require the approval of a special majority of shareholders, meaning holders of shares representing not less than 66 2⁄3% of those votes cast in respect of a shareholder vote addressing such matter. Subject to the BCBCA, those items requiring the approval of a special majority generally relate to fundamental changes with respect to our business, and include among others, resolutions: (i) to alter its articles or authorized share structure; (ii) to remove a director before the expiry of his or her term; and (iii) to provide for a sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Company’s property. Shareholder Proposals. Under the BCBCA, shareholders may make proposals for matters to be considered at the annual general meeting of shareholders. Such proposals must be sent to us in advance of any proposed meeting by delivering a timely written notice in proper form to our registered office in accordance with the requirements of the BCBCA. The notice must include information on the business the shareholder intends to bring before the meeting. Advance Notice Provisions. Our Articles contain provisions (the “Advance Notice Provisions”) which provide that advance notice to the Company must be made and the procedures set out in the Articles must be followed for persons to be eligible for election to the our board of directors. Nomination of persons for election to the board of directors may only be made at an annual meeting of shareholders or at a special meeting of shareholders called for any purpose which includes the election of directors. Among other things, the Advance Notice Provisions fix a deadline by which holders of record of common shares must submit director nominations to us prior to any annual or special meeting of shareholders and set forth the specific information that a shareholder must include in the written notice to the Company for an effective nomination to occur. No person will be eligible for election as a director of the Company unless nominated in accordance with the provisions of the Advance Notice Provisions. In the case of an annual meeting of shareholders, notice to us must be made not less than 30 or more than 65 days prior to the date of the annual meeting; provided, however, that if the annual meeting is to be held on a date that is less than 50 days after the date on which the first public announcement of the date of the annual meeting was made, notice may be made not later than the close of business on the 10th day following such public announcement. In the case of a special meeting of shareholders (which is not also an annual meeting), notice to us must be made not later than the close of business on the 15th day following the day on which the first public announcement of the date of the special meeting was made. The board of directors may, in its sole discretion, waive any requirement of the Advance Notice Provisions. 3 Limitation of Liability and Indemnification We are subject to the provisions of Part 5, Division 5 of the BCBCA. Under Section 160 of the BCBCA, we may, subject to Section 163 of the BCBCA: (1) indemnify an individual who: (a) is or was a director or officer of the Company; (b) is or was a director or officer of another corporation (i) at a time when such corporation is or was an affiliate of the Company; or (ii) at the Company’s request, or (c) at the Company’s request, is or was, or holds or held a position equivalent to that of, a director or officer of a partnership, trust, joint venture or other unincorporated entity, and including, subject to certain limited exceptions, the heirs and personal or other legal representatives of that individual (collectively, an “eligible party”), against all eligible penalties to which the eligible party is or may be liable; and (2) after final disposition of an eligible proceeding, pay the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by an eligible party in respect of that proceeding, where: (a) “eligible penalty” means a judgment, penalty or fine awarded or imposed in, or an amount paid in settlement of, and eligible proceeding. (b) “eligible proceeding” means a proceeding in which an eligible party or any of the heirs and personal or other legal representatives of the eligible party, by reason of the eligible party being or having been a director or officer of, or holding or having held a position equivalent to that of a director or officer of, the Company or an associated corporation (i) is or may be joined as a party, or (ii) is or may be liable for or in respect of a judgment, penalty or fine in, or expenses related to, the proceeding. (c) “proceeding” includes any legal proceeding or investigative action, whether current, threatened , pending or completed. Under Section 161 of the BCBCA, and subject to Section 163 of the BCBCA, we must, after the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, pay the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by an eligible party in respect of that proceeding if the eligible party (i) has not been reimbursed for those expenses, and (ii) is wholly successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the outcome of the proceeding or is substantially successful on the merits in the outcome of the proceeding. Under Section 162 of the BCBCA, and subject to Section 163 of the BCBCA, we may pay, as they are incurred in advance of the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by an eligible party in respect of the proceeding, provided that the Company must not make such payments unless we first receive from the eligible party a written undertaking that, if it is ultimately determined that the payment of expenses is prohibited under Section 163 of the BCBCA, the eligible party will repay the amounts advanced. Under Section 163 of the BCBCA, we must not indemnify an eligible party against eligible penalties to which the eligible party is or may be liable or pay the expenses of an eligible party in respect of that proceeding under Sections 160, 161 or 162 of the BCBCA, as the case may be, if any of the following circumstances apply: · if the indemnity or payment is made under an earlier agreement to indemnify or pay expenses and, at the time that the agreement to indemnify or pay expenses was made, the Company was prohibited from giving the indemnity or paying the expenses by the Company’s memorandum or Articles; 4 · · · if the indemnity or payment is made otherwise than under an earlier agreement to indemnify or pay expenses and, at the time that the indemnity or payment is made, the Company is prohibited from giving the indemnity or paying the expenses by the Company’s memorandum or Articles; if, in relation to the subject matter of the eligible proceeding, the eligible party did not act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company or the associated corporation, as the case may be; or in the case of an eligible proceeding other than a civil proceeding, if the eligible party did not have reasonable grounds for believing that the eligible party’s conduct in respect of which the proceeding was brought was lawful. If an eligible proceeding is brought against an eligible party by or on behalf of the Company or by or on behalf of an associated corporation, we must not either indemnify the eligible party against eligible penalties to which the eligible party is or may be liable, or pay the expenses of the eligible party under Sections 160, 161 or 162 of the BCBCA, as the case may be, in respect of the proceeding. Under Section 164 of the BCBCA, and despite any other provision of Part 5, Division 5 of the BCBCA and whether or not payment of expenses or indemnification has been sought, authorized or declined under Part 5, Division 5 of the BCBCA, on application of the Company or an eligible party, the Supreme Court of British Columbia may do one or more of the following: · · · · order us to indemnify an eligible party against any liability incurred by the eligible party in respect of an eligible proceeding; order us to pay some or all of the expenses incurred by an eligible party in respect of an eligible proceeding; order the enforcement of, or payment under, an agreement of indemnification entered into by us; order us to pay some or all of the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by any person in obtaining an order under Section 164 of the BCBCA; or · make any other order the court considers appropriate. Section 165 of the BCBCA provides that we may purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of an eligible party or the heirs and personal or other legal representatives of the eligible party against any liability that may be incurred by reason of the eligible party being or having been a director or officer of, or holding or having held a position equivalent to that of a director or officer of, the Company or an associated corporation. Under our Articles, and subject to the BCBCA, we must indemnify an eligible party and his or her heirs and legal personal representatives against all eligible penalties to which such person is or may be liable, and we must, after the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, pay the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by such person in respect of that proceeding. Each eligible party is deemed to have contracted with the Company on the terms of the indemnity contained in the Articles. Under our Articles, and subject to the BCBCA, we may agree to indemnify and may indemnify any person (including an eligible party) against eligible penalties and pay expenses incurred in connection with the performance of services by that person for us. Under our Articles, and subject to the BCBCA, we may advance expenses to an eligible party. Pursuant to our Articles, the failure of an eligible party to comply with the BCBCA or the Articles does not, of itself, invalidate any indemnity to which he or she is entitled under the Articles. 5 Under our Articles, we may purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of an eligible person (or his or her heirs or legal personal representatives) against any liability incurred by him or her as a director, officer or person who holds or held such equivalent position. Transfer Agent and Registrar The Transfer Agent and Registrar for shares of our common shares is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (“AST”). The address for AST is 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219 and its telephone number is (718) 921-8206. 6 Exhibit 10.14 CLINICAL MANUFACTURING AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN [[5252615]] XBIOTECH USA, INC. AN D JANSSEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LLC 1 [[5252615]] TABLE OF CONTENTS P age Article 1 DEFINITIONS .........................................................................................................1 Article 2 CLINICAL PRODUCT MANUFACTURE AND SUPPLY......................................5 2.1 Manufacture and Supply. .....................................................................................5 2.2 Materials and Capacity.........................................................................................5 2.3 Forecasts..............................................................................................................6 2.4 Purchase Orders ...................................................................................................6 2.5 Packaging. ...........................................................................................................7 2.6 Delivery of Clinical Products. ..............................................................................7 Article 3 3 . 1 3 . 2 PRICING; PAYMENT .............................................................................................7 Supply Price.........................................................................................................7 Invoices and Payments. ........................................................................................8 Article 4 4 . 1 TRANSITION ..........................................................................................................8 Transition.............................................................................................................8 Article 5 SPECIFICATIONS AND QUALITY CONTROL MATTERS .................................9 5.1 Compliance with Law. .........................................................................................9 5.2 Clinical Product Requirements. ............................................................................9 5.3 Specifications.....................................................................................................10 5.4 Quality Agreement.............................................................................................10 5.5 Nonconforming Clinical Product........................................................................10 5.6 Clinical Product Actions. ...................................................................................12 5.7 Manufacturing Site Audits. ................................................................................12 5.8 Regulatory Matters.............................................................................................12 5.9 Person - In - Plant. .................................................................................................13 5.10 Records and Information Management. ..............................................................14 Article 6 6 . 1 6 . 2 6 . 3 6 . 4 REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND COVENANTS ...............................14 Mutual Representations and Warranties. ............................................................14 Capacity.............................................................................................................15 Certain Compliance Matters...............................................................................15 No Other Representations or Warranties. ...........................................................15 Article 7 7 . 1 CONFIDENTIALITY AND PUBLICITY ..............................................................16 Confidentiality. ..................................................................................................16 Article 8 8 . 1 8 . 2 TERM AND TERMINATION................................................................................16 Term. .................................................................................................................16 Termination by Mutual Agreement. ...................................................................16 2 [[5252615]] 8.3 Termination for Material Breach. .......................................................................17 8.4 Termination for Convenience. ............................................................................17 8.5 Effects of Termination or Expiration. .................................................................17 8.6 Survival. ............................................................................................................17 Article 9 9 . 1 9 . 2 9 . 3 DISPUTE RESOLUTION.......................................................................................17 Dispute Resolution, Generally............................................................................17 Mediation...........................................................................................................18 Arbitration. ........................................................................................................18 Article 10 INDEMNIFICATION............................................................................................20 10.1 Incorporation of Asset Purchase Agreement Indemnification Provisions. ...........20 Article 11 11 . 1 11 . 2 11 . 3 11 . 4 11 . 5 11 . 6 11 . 7 11 . 8 11 . 9 MISCELLANEOUS ..............................................................................................20 N o t i c e s . ............................... . ............................... . ............................... . ............. . 20 Governing Law. .................................................................................................20 Assignment. .......................................................................................................20 Designation of Affiliates. ...................................................................................20 Relationship of the Parties..................................................................................21 Force Majeure....................................................................................................21 S e v e r a bil i t y . ............................... . ............................................................... . ...... . 21 English Language...............................................................................................21 Waiver and Non - Exclusion of Remedies. ...........................................................22 11.10 Further Assurance. .............................................................................................22 11.11 Headings............................................................................................................22 11.12 Construction.......................................................................................................22 11.13 Counterparts.......................................................................................................23 11.14 Entire Agreement; Amendments. .......................................................................23 11.15 Specific Performance. ........................................................................................23 E xhibit List Exhibit A Exhibit B Exhibit C Exhibit D Exhibit E Exhibit F Exhibit G Exhibit H Initial Forecast Schedule Specifications Compliance with Laws Policy on Employment of Young People Johnson & Johnson Policy for Wood Pallets Company Records and Information Requirements New Formulations Transition Matters CLINICAL MANUFACTURING AGREEMENT This CLINICAL MANUFACTURING AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is entered into as of December 30 , 2019 (the “ CMA Effective Date ”), by and between JANSSEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LLC , a Pennsylvania corporation, having its principal place of business at 800 / 850 Ridgeview Drive, Horsham, PA 19044 (hereinafter “ Company ”), and XBIOTECH USA, INC . , a Delaware corporation, having its principal place of business at 5217 Winnebago Lane, Austin, TX 78744 (“ SUPPLIER ”) . Company and SUPPLIER are sometimes referred to herein individually as a “ Party ” and collectively as the “ Parties ” . WHEREAS, XBiotech Inc . , an Affiliate of SUPPLIER, and Janssen Biotech, Inc . , an Affiliate of Company, have entered into that certain Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 7 , 2019 (the “ Asset Purchase Agreement ”) ; and WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 2 . 4 (b)(iv) and Section 2 . 4 (c)(v) of the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Parties desire to enter into this Agreement for the Manufacture and supply of Clinical Products by SUPPLIER to Company, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein ; and WHEREAS, this Agreement constitutes the Clinical Manufacturing Agreement contemplated by the Asset Purchase Agreement . NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the premises and conditions set forth herein, the Parties agree as follows : Article 1 DEFINITIONS As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth in this Article 1 , or if not defined in this Article 1 , shall have the meanings set forth in the Asset Purchase Agreement : “ Additional Equipment ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2 . 2 . 2 . “ Additional Specification ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5 . 3 . 1 . “ Affiliate ” means, with respect to a particular Person and a particular time, another Person that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such first Person at any such time during the Term . For the purposes of this definition, the word “control” (including, with correlative meaning, the terms “controlled by” or “under the common control with”) means the actual power, either directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether by the ownership of fifty percent ( 50 % ) or more of the voting stock of such Person, by contract, or otherwise . “ Agreement ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble . “ AKA ” shall have the meaning set forth in Exhibit C . 2 [[5252615]] “ Backup Equipment ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.2.3 . “ Business Day ” means a day other than Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which banking institutions in New York, New York are closed for business. “ Clinical Product ” means Product and placebo for use in clinical trials, in the form of bulk drug substance, pre - filled syringes or vials, in each case as further described in the Specifications or the Additional Specifications . “ Clinical Product Action ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.6.1 . “ Clinical Product Action Notice ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.6.1 . “ Clinical Product Requirements ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.2 . “ CMA Effective Date ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble. “ Company ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble. “ Compound ” means the monoclonal antibody known as bermekimab (MABp1), the sequence of which is set forth in Schedule 1.1(c) to the Asset Purchase Agreement. “ CPR Mediation Procedure ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9.2.1 . “ CPR Rules ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9.3.1 . “ Current Capacity ” means, in the case of Clinical Products in the form of pre - filled syringes or vials, up to 4 , 160 units per month (or up to 50 , 000 units per calendar year), in each case irrespective of the drug concentration in the formulation included in such syringes or vials . “ Dispute ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9.1 . “ EMA ” means the European Medicines Agency or any successor agency(ies) or authority having substantially the same function. “ FCA ” shall have the meaning set forth in Exhibit C . “ FCPA ” shall have the meaning set forth in Exhibit C . “ FDA ” means the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and any successor agency(ies) or authority having substantially the same function. “ FFDCA ” means the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. † 301 et seq.), as amended from time to time. “ Firm Order ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.3.2 . “ Force Majeure ” means any event beyond the reasonable control of the affected Party, which may include embargoes; war or acts of war, including terrorism; insurrections, riots, or 3 [[5252615]] civil unrest ; strikes, lockouts or other labor disturbances ; epidemics, fire, floods, earthquakes or other acts of nature ; acts, omissions or delays in acting by any Governmental Authority (other than delays incident to the ordinary course of drug development) ; and failure of plant or machinery . “ Forecast Schedule ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.3.1 . “ Good Manufacturing Practices ” or “ GMP ” means the then - current good manufacturing practices required by the FFDCA, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder by the FDA at 21 C . F . R . Parts 210 and 211 , for the manufacture and testing of pharmaceutical materials, and comparable Law related to the manufacture and testing of pharmaceutical materials in jurisdictions outside the U . S . , including the quality guideline promulgated by the ICH designated ICH Q 7 A, titled “Q 7 A Good Manufacturing Practice Guidance for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients” and the regulations promulgated thereunder, in each case as they may be updated from time to time . “ International Public Organization ” means any of the organizations listed in 8 C.F.R. † 316.20, as amended from time to time. “ Know - How ” shall have the meaning set forth in the IP License Agreement. “ Licensed Space ” shall have the meaning set forth in the License to Occupy. “ Licensed Rights ” shall have the meaning set forth in the IP License Agreement, in respect of licenses granted thereunder by SUPPLIER. “ Manufacture ” means all activities and processes related to the manufacturing of any pharmaceutical product, or any ingredient thereof, including purchasing raw materials and intermediates, producing active pharmaceutical ingredient, formulating, and all labeling, packaging, in - process and finished product testing, storage and release of pharmaceutical product or any component or ingredient thereof, performance of quality assurance activities related to manufacturing and release of pharmaceutical product, and the performance of ongoing stability tests and regulatory activities related to any of the foregoing . When used as a verb, to “Manufacture” means to engage in Manufacturing activities . “ Manufacturing Capacity ” means the Current Capacity unless the Parties agree upon a new Manufacturing Capacity, including in connection with the installation of Additional Equipment, as provided in Section 2 . 2 . 2 below . “ Manufacturing Process ” means the processes and activities (and each step in the processes and activities) planned to be used to Manufacture Clinical Products as described in the master batch record for such Clinical Products, which shall be mutually agreed by the Parties and documented in writing . “ Manufacturing Representative ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5 . 9 . “ Manufacturing Sites ” means facilities of SUPPLIER or its Affiliates where Clinical Products are Manufactured from time to time . 4 [[5252615]] “ Materials ” means active pharmaceutical ingredients, raw ingredients, intermediaries, excipients, processing aids, packaging materials and any other components used in the Manufacture of Clinical Product . “ Nonconforming Clinical Product ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.2 . “ Nonconformity ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.2 . “ Officials ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.2.2 . “ Party ” and “ Parties ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble. “ Payment ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.2.2 . “ Person ” means an individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, corporation, limited liability company, business trust, joint stock company, trust, incorporated association, joint venture or similar entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision, department or agency of a government . “ Product ” means any pharmaceutical product containing the Compound, including all dosage forms, presentations, formulations and line extensions thereof, including a pharmaceutical product which is comprised of the Compound and other pharmaceutically active compound(s) and/or ingredients, any prototypes thereof and any variations thereof . “ Purchase Order ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.4.1 . “ Quality Agreement ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.4 . “ Quarterly Fee ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.1 . “ Quarterly Manufacturing Capacity ” means, with respect to any calendar quarter, the Manufacturing Capacity for such calendar quarter, being calculated as three ( 3 ) times the Manufacturing Capacity per month . “ Regulatory Authority ” means any applicable Governmental Authority with authority over the Manufacture or Exploitation of a pharmaceutical product in a country or jurisdiction, including (a) in the U . S . , the FDA, and (b) in the European Union, the EMA . “ Specifications ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.2 . “ SUPPLIER ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble. “ Term ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8.1 . “ Third Party ” means any Person other than (a) Company, (b) SUPPLIER, or (c) an Affiliate of either of Company or SUPPLIER. “ U.S. ” means the United States of America, including its territories and possessions. 5 [[5252615]] “ UKBA ” shall have the meaning set forth in Exhibit C . Article 2 CLINICAL PRODUCT MANUFACTURE AND SUPPLY 1. M anufacture and Supply . During the Term and pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, SUPPLIER shall supply to Company all of Company’s requirements of Clinical Products, except as otherwise permitted by this Agreement or mutually agreed by the Parties in accordance with this Agreement . 2. M aterials and Capacity . 1. Prioritization . During the Term, and subject to Company’s compliance with its obligations hereunder, SUPPLIER shall use reasonable best efforts to maintain capacity adequate to fulfill Company’s requirements of Clinical Products, as set forth in the applicable Forecast Schedule . If at any time during the Term, SUPPLIER is unable to Manufacture and supply all of the quantities of Clinical Products forecasted or ordered by Company hereunder, on the one hand, and all of the quantities of products desired by SUPPLIER, its Affiliates and their Third Party customers, on the other hand, due to (a) shortages of Materials that are used in both the Manufacture of Clinical Products and in the Manufacture of products for SUPPLIER, its Affiliates or their Third Party customers or (b) constraints on the capacity at the Manufacturing Sites, then SUPPLIER shall allocate Materials and capacity (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the use of any Additional Equipment) (i) first, to the Manufacture and supply of Clinical Products for Company and (ii) second, only to the extent of any remaining Materials and/or capacity, to the Manufacture and supply of products for SUPPLIER, its Affiliates or their Third Party customers . 2. Additional Equipment . If, at any time during the Term, notwithstanding SUPPLIER’S compliance with Section 2 . 2 . 1 , SUPPLIER is unable to Manufacture and supply all of the quantities of Clinical Products forecasted or ordered by Company hereunder due to constraints on the capacity at the Manufacturing Sites, SUPPLIER shall (i) promptly provide Company with written notice thereof and (ii) promptly provide such information as is reasonably requested by Company to enable Company to determine whether such constraints could be alleviated (in whole or in part) through the acquisition of additional equipment . If Company determines that such constraints could be alleviated (in whole or in part) through the acquisition of additional equipment, Company may, in its sole discretion, direct SUPPLIER to (and, upon such direction, SUPPLIER shall) acquire such additional equipment (“ Additional Equipment ”) at Company’s cost . In connection with the acquisition of any Additional Equipment, the Parties shall agree to an updated Manufacturing Capacity . SUPPLIER shall retain title to any Additional Equipment following any expiration or termination of this Agreement, other than the termination of this Agreement by Company pursuant to Section 8 . 3 (in which case Company shall be deemed to have been granted such title as of such termination) . 3. Backup Equipment . At any time during the Term, Company may, in its sole discretion, direct SUPPLIER to (and, upon such direction, SUPPLIER shall) acquire additional equipment to be used in the event that any of SUPPLIER’S equipment is temporarily or permanently rendered inoperative (“ Backup Equipment ”) at Company’s cost . SUPPLIER agrees 6 [[5252615]] that, during the Term, it shall use any such Backup Equipment only to the extent necessary to Manufacture and supply Clinical Products for Company, and for no other purpose . SUPPLIER shall retain title to any Backup Equipment following any expiration or termination of this Agreement, other than the termination of this Agreement by Company pursuant to Section 8 . 3 (in which case Company shall be deemed to have been granted such title as of such termination) . 2 . 2 . 4 Calculation of Costs ; Invoicing . Costs for Additional Equipment or Backup Equipment shall include, in addition to acquisition costs for such Additional Equipment or Backup Equipment, all reasonable documented out - of - pocket costs incurred by SUPPLIER with respect to the acquisition, installation, testing and validation of such Additional Equipment or Backup Equipment . SUPPLIER shall include any such costs actually incurred in the invoices delivered pursuant to Section 3 . 2 below, together with reasonably detailed supporting documentation therefor . 3. F orecasts . 1. Monthly Forecast Schedule . On the CMA Effective Date and within the first two weeks of each month commencing following the CMA Effective Date, Company shall submit to SUPPLIER a written, good faith rolling forecast of Company’s monthly requirements for Clinical Products for at least the following eighteen ( 18 ) months or such shorter period remaining under the Term (each such forecast, a “ Forecast Schedule ”) . The initial Forecast Schedule is attached hereto as Exhibit A . 2. Binding Commitment . The first four ( 4 ) months of each Forecast Schedule provided by Company shall be a binding commitment on Company to purchase from SUPPLIER, and, so long as such quantities are within the then - current Manufacturing Capacity, a binding commitment on SUPPLIER to sell to Company, the specified volume of Clinical Products set forth therein (each, a “ Firm Order ”) . For the avoidance of doubt, any months of a Forecast Schedule beyond the Firm Order period shall be non - binding . 4. P urchase Orders 1. All Clinical Product shall be supplied pursuant to purchase orders (each, a “ Purchase Order ”) submitted by Company to SUPPLIER . Each Purchase Order shall be consistent with the corresponding Firm Order and shall contain such Purchase Order number, quantities, order schedule, delivery locations, carrier information and other information reasonably necessary to permit correct delivery of Clinical Products for shipment, including such information and in a format as may be reasonably requested by SUPPLIER . 2. Exclusive Terms . This Agreement and the Quality Agreement set forth the exclusive contract terms between the Parties for, and shall apply to, all orders for Clinical Products . Any terms in any Firm Order, Purchase Order, invoice or other notice submitted by either Party to the other Party that are different from or additional to the provisions hereof shall be null and void notwithstanding SUPPLIER’s delivery of, and Company’s acceptance of, Clinical Products under any Firm Order, Purchase Order, invoice or other notice containing such terms . 7 [[5252615]] 5. P ackaging . SUPPLIER shall be responsible for packaging Clinical Products in accordance with the Specifications and the Quality Agreement . 6. D elivery of Clinical Products . SUPPLIER shall deliver Clinical Products to Company DAP (Incoterms 2010 ) at the location, and within five ( 5 ) days of (before or after) the delivery date, requested in the applicable Purchase Order . For the avoidance of doubt, SUPPLIER shall retain risk of loss to any Clinical Product unless and until such Clinical Product has been delivered to Company at such location as specified in the applicable Purchase Order . SUPPLIER shall provide Company notice of the anticipated delivery date at least three ( 3 ) days prior to delivery, and if such anticipated delivery date changes, SUPPLIER shall promptly provide Company notice of such change . Article 3 PRICING; PAYMENT 1. S upply Price . 1. Subject to Section 3 . 1 . 2 , for each calendar quarter during the Term, Company shall pay SUPPLIER in consideration for the Manufacture and supply of Clinical Products (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall include Company’s right to occupy the Licensed Space pursuant to the License to Occupy) a fee of four million five hundred thousand dollars ( $ 4 , 500 , 000 ) for such quarter (the “ Quarterly Fee ”) . For purposes of this Agreement, references to “calendar quarters” in this Agreement shall include the calendar quarters (or partial calendar quarters) (i) beginning on the CMA Effective Date and (ii) ending on the last day of the Term . 2. If the Term includes any partial calendar quarter, the Quarterly Fee payable in respect of such partial calendar quarter shall be prorated based on the number of days in such partial calendar quarter (as compared to the number of days in a full calendar quarter) . 3. If, during any calendar quarter, SUPPLIER fails to deliver all of the Clinical Products specified in one or more Purchase Orders to be delivered to Company during such calendar quarter, the Quarterly Fee payable in respect of the next calendar quarter shall be reduced by the percentage of Clinical Products not so delivered as compared to the Clinical Products so specified for delivery ; provided that there shall be no such reduction to the extent such Clinical Products not so delivered were in excess of the Quarterly Manufacturing Capacity with respect to such calendar quarter . 4. If Company is entitled to a prorated or reduced Quarterly Fee pursuant to Section 3 . 1 . 2 , Section 3 . 1 . 3 and/or Section 5 . 5 . 2 (c), but has already paid such Quarterly Fee, SUPPLIER shall promptly reimburse Company for the difference between the Quarterly Fee paid and the prorated or reduced Quarterly Fee that was actually owed . If the application of Section 3 . 13 and/or Section 5 . 5 . 2 (c) would result in a reduction to a future Quarterly Fee, but no such future Quarterly Fee is payable hereunder, SUPPLIER shall promptly reimburse Company in an amount equal to the amount that such future Quarterly Fee would have been reduced . 8 [[5252615]] 2. I nvoices and Payments . 1. The first Quarterly Fee shall be payable within five ( 5 ) days of the CMA Effective Date . Thereafter, invoices with respect to each calendar quarter (or partial calendar quarter) shall be provided to Company no more than sixty ( 60 ) days prior to the first day of such calendar quarter . Payment terms will be net ninety ( 90 ) days after Company’s receipt of an uncontested invoice from SUPPLIER ; provided , however , the actual payment to SUPPLIER from Company or its designee will not be made until the next scheduled payment run as set forth at www . ap . jnj . com . Company may contest any invoice or portion thereof if (i) it reasonably believes that the charges reflected therein do not accurately reflect a proration or reduction in the Quarterly Fee required under Section 3 . 1 . 2 , 3 . 1 . 3 and/or 5 . 5 . 2 (c) or (ii) it disputes any of the costs included in such invoice pursuant to Section 2 . 2 . 4 , in each case by providing notice to SUPPLIER of such dispute within twenty ( 20 ) days of its receipt of such invoice Once the matter is resolved, Company shall pay the appropriate charges . SUPPLIER shall continue to perform its obligations under this Agreement during such dispute . If an invoice is disputed in part, SUPPLIER may issue a new invoice in compliance with this Section 3 . 2 . 1 reflecting solely the undisputed charges, and any such invoice shall be payable within ninety ( 90 ) days after receipt thereof ; provided , however , the actual payment to SUPPLIER from Company or its designee will not be made until the next scheduled payment run as set forth at www . ap . jnj . com . 2. SUPPLIER shall not invoice Company hereunder, and no claim for payments will be considered with respect to Clinical Products Manufactured hereunder prior to both Parties’ duly authorized representatives signing this Agreement and Company issuing a purchase order number to SUPPLIER with respect to the services provided hereunder, provided that Company shall use reasonable best efforts to issue such purchase orders at such times and in such manner as will facilitate payments in accordance with this Section 3 . 2 . Article 4 TRANSITION 1. T ransition. 1. During the Term and for the 12 months after the expiration or termination of this Agreement, the Parties shall cooperate and use reasonable best efforts to enable the prompt transition of the Manufacture and supply of Product from the existing Manufacturing processes of SUPPLIER at the Manufacturing Sites to new Manufacturing processes of Company at facilities designated by Company at no additional cost . SUPPLIER shall provide reasonable technical assistance, including (i) information and Know - How in its control and related to Product or the Compound (including any information described on Exhibit H ) and (ii) introductions and access to SUPPLIER’S suppliers of Materials, in each case as requested by Company to facilitate the foregoing . 2. In the event that SUPPLIER is unable to fulfill all of Company’s requirements for Clinical Products (as a result of constraints on capacity, Force Majeure, insolvency, bankruptcy or otherwise), upon Company’s request, SUPPLIER shall transfer existing 9 [[5252615]] Manufacturing processes for the Compound and Products to Company (or its designee) and provide reasonable technical assistance to Company (or its designee), including introductions and access to SUPPLIER’S suppliers of Materials, to the extent reasonably necessary to enable Company to Manufacture the Compound and Products during the Term . 3. In the event that SUPPLIER is unable to fulfill all of Company’s requirements for Clinical Products (as a result of constraints on capacity, Force Majeure, insolvency, bankruptcy or otherwise), upon Company’s request, SUPPLIER will transfer any other information and Know - How in its control reasonably requested by Company in order to enable Company to Manufacture the Compound and Products during the Term, including (a) complete sets of any preclinical or clinical data generated by or on behalf of SUPPLIER with respect to the Compound or any Products, (b) raw data tables with respect to the data described in clause (a), (c) Chemistry, Manufacture and Control (CMC) data or information generated by or on behalf of SUPPLIER with respect to the Compound or any Product, (d) any information described on Exhibit H and (e) any other Know - How that is necessary or specifically useful for the Manufacture of the Compound or Products, in each case to the extent that such information or know - how was not previously provided by SUPPLIER to Company . 4. Any Know - How or Trade Secrets transferred or otherwise provided by SUPPLIER to Company or its designee pursuant to this Article 4 shall be deemed to be Licensed Rights, with respect to SUPPLIER as Licensor and Company as Licensee under the IP License Agreement, unless and solely to the extent such Know - How or Trade Secrets is Seller Intellectual Property . Article 5 SPECIFICATIONS AND QUALITY CONTROL MATTERS 1. C ompliance with Law . SUPPLIER will, and will cause its Affiliates to, comply with applicable Laws, including GMP, in performing Manufacturing activities with respect to Clinical Products . 2. C linical Product Requirements . SUPPLIER hereby represents, warrants and covenants to Company that Clinical Products supplied to Company under this Agreement shall be Manufactured in accordance with the Manufacturing Process, applicable Laws (including GMP), the Quality Agreement and the policies of Company set forth on Exhibit D and Exhibit E hereto (the “ Manufacturing Methods and Procedures ”) . SUPPLIER hereby further represents, warrants and covenants to Company that Clinical Products supplied to Company under this Agreement shall, at the time of delivery, (a) conform to the applicable Clinical Product specifications set forth on Exhibit B hereto or, to the extent applicable, the Quality Agreement (as such specifications may be amended from time to time in accordance with Section 5 . 3 . 2 or the Quality Agreement, the “ Specifications ”) or the applicable Additional Specifications, (b) have at least eighteen ( 18 ) months shelf life from the date of filling of the drug product into syringes or vials and (c) conform to the volume and form (i . e . , bulk drug substance, prefilled syringes or vials) ((a), (b) and (c) collectively, the “ Clinical 10 [[5252615]] Product Requirements ”) . Any supply of Clinical Products that does not satisfy the Clinical Product Requirements at the time that such supply is released by SUPPLIER or its Affiliate to Company is referred to in this Agreement as “ Nonconforming Clinical Product ” and shall be regarded as having a “ Nonconformity . ” 3. S pecifications . 1. During the Term, SUPPLIER shall use reasonable best efforts to develop additional formulations of Clinical Products as described on Exhibit G hereto . SUPPLIER and Company shall cooperate and use reasonable best efforts to agree on Clinical Product specifications for such additional formulations (such agreed specifications, as such specifications may be amended from time to time in accordance with Section 5 . 3 . 2 or the Quality Agreement, the “ Additional Specifications ”) . For the avoidance of doubt, once Additional Specifications have been agreed, Company shall be permitted to place Purchase Orders in respect of the Clinical Products represented by such Additional Specifications . If, during the Term, Company determines that additional formulations of Clinical Products not set forth on Exhibit G are necessary, SUPPLIER may from time to time cooperate with Company to develop such formulations and any Additional Specifications with respect thereto, subject to the mutual agreement of the Parties with respect to the terms and conditions applicable to the activities described in this sentence (it being understood that the additional formulations set forth on Exhibit G hereto are not subject to this sentence and are instead subject to the first sentence of this Section 5 . 3 . 1 and shall be at no additional cost to Company) . 2. During the Term, if Company proposes any change(s) to the Specifications or Additional Specifications based on any requirement, request or recommendation of a Governmental Authority, Company shall deliver a written request for such change(s) to SUPPLIER, and SUPPLIER shall reasonably consider such change(s) in good faith . SUPPLIER shall have final decision - making authority with respect to such proposed change(s) ; provided that SUPPLIER shall implement any such change(s) required, requested or recommended by a Governmental Authority if such change(s) would not reasonably be expected to adversely affect SUPPLIER or its Affiliates or any Regulatory Authorization held thereby . Company shall be responsible for the incremental costs of any additional resources required to implement any such change(s) requested by Company . 4. Q uality Agreement . SUPPLIER and Company have entered into that certain Quality Agreement, dated as of December 19 , 2019 , relating to the Clinical Products supplied hereunder (the “ Quality Agreement ”) . SUPPLIER, either by itself or through its Affiliates, shall perform such quality control or analytical tests on Clinical Products and provide to Company certifications or other documents, in each case, as may be provided for in the Quality Agreement, and shall maintain such records as are reasonably necessary to demonstrate compliance with GMP in the Manufacture of Clinical Products, as may be provided for in the Quality Agreement . 5. N onconforming Clinical Product . 1. Inspection of Clinical Products . 11 [[5252615]] (a) Company will inspect Clinical Products supplied under this Agreement promptly upon receipt thereof . Subject to the immediately following sentence, Company shall have ninety ( 90 ) days following the delivery of any order of Clinical Products to notify SUPPLIER that it has rejected all or any part of such order in its reasonable and good faith belief that such order contains Nonconforming Clinical Product, which notice shall be accompanied by a sample of the allegedly Nonconforming Clinical Product . With respect to latent Nonconformities and Nonconformities not discoverable by Company within ninety ( 90 ) days of delivery through the use of reasonable inspection methods and procedures (a “ Latent Nonconformity ”), Company shall give notice to SUPPLIER by the first to occur of eighteen ( 18 ) months after delivery thereof or within sixty ( 60 ) days following detection of any such Latent Nonconformity . (b) If Company gives timely notice of allegedly Nonconforming Clinical Products in accordance with Section 5 . 5 . 1 (a), such Clinical Products shall be conclusively deemed to be Nonconforming Clinical Products, unless SUPPLIER delivers a written notice of disagreement (a “ Nonconformity Disagreement Notice ”) to Company within fifteen ( 15 ) days of receiving notice of the allegedly Nonconforming Clinical Products from Company . If Company fails to give timely notice of allegedly Nonconforming Clinical Products in accordance with Section 5 . 5 . 1 (a), such Clinical Products shall be conclusively deemed to have been accepted by Company . 2. Nonconformity . The following terms shall apply for Nonconforming Clinical Product that have not been accepted, or deemed accepted, by Company: (a) Company shall destroy the Nonconforming Clinical Products or return them to SUPPLIER, in accordance with SUPPLIER’s written instructions and at SUPPLIER’s expense ; and (b) SUPPLIER shall, at Company’s request, replace the Nonconforming Clinical Products ; and (c) SUPPLIER shall reduce the Quarterly Fees owed by Company to SUPPLIER (or refund the Quarterly Fees paid by Company to SUPPLIER, as applicable), as if SUPPLIER failed to deliver the quantity of Nonconforming Clinical Products, in accordance with and to the extent required by Section 3 . 1 . 3 . (d) Disagreement Regarding Nonconformity . If SUPPLIER does not agree with Company’s determination that any Clinical Products are Nonconforming Clinical Products and timely delivers a Nonconformity Disagreement Notice, then the Parties will select an independent Third Party laboratory reasonably acceptable to each Party to evaluate if the allegedly Nonconforming Clinical Products meet such requirements . Absent manifest error or fraud, this evaluation will be binding on the Parties . If the evaluation certifies that the allegedly Nonconforming Clinical Products do not meet the Clinical Product Requirements, SUPPLIER will be responsible for the cost of the evaluation . If the evaluation certifies that the allegedly Nonconforming Clinical Products do meet the requirements of Sections 5 . 2 (a) and (b) , then ( 1 ) Company shall be responsible for the cost of the evaluation, ( 2 ) the Clinical Products shall be deemed accepted, and ( 3 ) if SUPPLIER replaced the Nonconforming Clinical Products and if, as 12 [[5252615]] a result of such replacement, the total Clinical Products supplied by SUPPLIER exceeded the Manufacturing Capacity (on an annual or monthly basis), Company shall pay SUPPLIER for such Clinical Products . 6. C linical Product Actions . 1. Notification . SUPPLIER shall notify Company in writing promptly following its determination that any event, incident or circumstance related to safety issues or regulatory concerns has occurred that is reasonably likely to result in the need for a recall or withdrawal of Clinical Products supplied under this Agreement (a “ Clinical Product Action ”), and shall include in such notice (a “ Clinical Product Action Notice ”) the reasoning behind such determination and any supporting facts . Such Clinical Product Action Notice shall be given no later than five ( 5 ) Business Days after such determination is made ; provided that if any Regulatory Authority (a) threatens or initiates any action to remove Clinical Products from use in clinical trials in any country, or (b) requires a Party, or any of its Affiliates or (sub)licensees, to distribute a “Dear Doctor” letter or its equivalent regarding the use of Clinical Products, then, in either case ((a) or (b)), the Clinical Product Action Notice shall be given within one ( 1 ) Business Day after SUPPLIER becomes aware of the action, threat or requirement (as applicable) . 2. Expenses . Unless and solely to the extent a Clinical Product Action is necessitated by a Latent Nonconformity (or by the bad faith, willful misconduct or gross negligence of, or the material breach of this Agreement by, SUPPLIER), Company shall be solely responsible for all costs arising out of such Clinical Product Action and shall reimburse SUPPLIER for any out - of - pocket expenses incurred by SUPPLIER in carrying out a Clinical Product Action . If and then solely to the extent a Clinical Product Action is necessitated by Latent Nonconformity (or by the bad faith, willful misconduct or gross negligence of, or the material breach of this Agreement by, SUPPLIER), SUPPLIER shall reimburse Company for any out - of - pocket expenses incurred by Company or its Affiliates in assisting SUPPLIER to carry out a Clinical Product Action . 7. M anufacturing Site Audits . SUPPLIER will permit Company to conduct quality assurance audits and inspections of SUPPLIER’s and its Affiliates’ records and facilities relating to Manufacture of Clinical Products, during normal business hours, in accordance with the terms of the Quality Agreement . Each Company representative participating in any such audit or inspection shall enter into a confidentiality agreement in a form reasonably acceptable to SUPPLIER and any applicable Affiliate . 8. R egulatory Matters . 1. SUPPLIER’s Obligations . SUPPLIER shall, and shall ensure that its Affiliates shall, at their own cost, obtain and maintain throughout the Term any certificates, permits, licenses and approvals issued by any relevant Governmental Authority required for the Manufacture of Clinical Products at the Manufacturing Sites in accordance with this Agreement . 2. Regulatory Approval Cooperation . SUPPLIER shall provide Company with all supporting data and information relating to the Chemistry, Manufacture and Control (CMC) of Clinical Products at the Manufacturing Sites that is in the possession and control of SUPPLIER and 13 [[5252615]] necessary for regulatory submissions by Company, including all records, raw data, reports, authorizations, certificates, methodologies, batch documentation, raw material specifications, standard operating procedures, standard test methods, certificates of analysis, certificates of compliance and other documentation in its possession or under its control relating to the Manufacturing of the Clinical Products . 5 . 8 . 3 Regulatory Inspections . SUPPLIER shall permit Company or its representatives to be present at any visit or inspection by any Regulatory Authority to the extent related to Clinical Products, or to any Manufacturing Site or other facility used to Manufacture, to test or to warehouse Clinical Products or specific to the systems or process used for the Manufacture of Clinical Products . SUPPLIER shall notify Company within three ( 3 ) Business Days of becoming aware of any planned inspection and within twenty - four ( 24 ) hours of any unplanned or ongoing inspection . SUPPLIER will provide Company copies of all regulatory reports of inspection, copies of all regulatory correspondence from Regulatory Authorities and copies of proposed written responses to be provided to Regulatory Authorities for Company’s review and comment before submission to any Regulatory Authority . SUPPLIER and Company will also provide daily inspection summary reports specific to Clinical Products or to any Manufacturing Site or other facility used to Manufacture, to test or to warehouse Clinical Products or specific to the systems or process used for the Manufacture of Clinical Products, in each case, in a format acceptable to both Parties each day of such an inspection . If SUPPLIER receives any observations or warning from any Regulatory Authority relating to any Clinical Products or Manufacturing Site or other facility (if it relates to the Manufacture of any Clinical Products) or to the systems or process used for the Manufacture of Clinical Products, SUPPLIER shall within ten ( 10 ) Business Days of the date such observations or warning is received by SUPPLIER, remedy or cause the remedy of the issues identified in such notice or warning or, if any such issues cannot reasonably be remedied within such ten ( 10 ) Business Day period the Parties will agree on a plan to resolve such issues within a mutually agreed time period . If the Parties cannot agree, the matter will be referred to the Head of Quality of each Party for resolution, by providing written notice to the appropriate contact person specified in the relevant Quality Agreement . 5 . 8 . 4 Additional Support . SUPPLIER may from time to time provide additional support in furtherance of the Manufacture and supply of Clinical Products, including support to assist Company in complying with applicable Law or the requirements of any Regulatory Authority (e . g . , the performance of analytical testing using certain assays in support of demonstrating Phase 2 and Phase 3 process comparability), subject to the mutual agreement of the Parties with respect to the terms and conditions applicable to the activities described in this sentence . 5.9 P erson - In - Plant . During the Term, SUPPLIER agrees to permit Company’s personnel or duly authorized representatives to observe and consult with respect to the Manufacturing of Clinical Products (each such employee or agent a “ Manufacturing Representative ”) . Each Manufacturing Representative will serve as the Company’s representative at the Manufacturing Sites during Manufacture of Clinical Products . SUPPLIER will allow each Manufacturing Representative reasonable access to (A) all data and information regarding Manufacture of Clinical Products and (B) to be present during the Manufacture of Clinical Products . Each Manufacturing Representative will have access only to those portions of the Manufacturing Sites reasonably 14 [[5252615]] related to the Manufacture of Clinical Products as well as reasonable access to office space, data and communication resources on an as - needed basis to enable such Manufacturing Representative to carry out the activities contemplated herein . In no event will any Manufacturing Representative interfere with, and SUPPLIER will remain fully responsible for, the Manufacture of Clinical Products . Each Manufacturing Representative will coordinate closely with SUPPLIER in order to minimize the impact of his/her presence on operations and will comply with all of SUPPLIER’S policies and procedures regarding their presence in the Facilities including any training requirements . 5.10 R ecords and Information Management . SUPPLIER shall comply with the records and information management provisions set forth on Exhibit F . Article 6 REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND COVENANTS 1. M utual Representations and Warranties . Each of the Parties hereby represents and warrants to the other Party as of the CMA Effective Date that: 1. Organization . It is a corporation duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, and has all requisite corporate power and authority to execute, deliver, and perform this Agreement . 2. Binding Agreement . This Agreement is a legal and valid obligation binding upon such Party and enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to the effects of bankruptcy, insolvency, or other Laws of general application affecting the enforcement of creditor rights, judicial principles affecting the availability of specific performance, and general principles of equity (whether enforceability is considered a proceeding at law or equity) . 3. Authorization . The execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement by such Party have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and do not conflict with any agreement, obligation, instrument, or understanding, oral or written, to which it is a party or by which it is bound, nor violate any applicable Law or any order, writ, judgment, injunction, decree, determination, or award of any Governmental Authority presently in effect applicable to such Party . 4. No Further Approval . It is not aware of any government authorization, consent, approval, license, exemption of or filing or registration with any Governmental Authority under any applicable Law, currently in effect, necessary for the execution and delivery of this Agreement or any other agreement or instrument executed in connection herewith . 5. No Inconsistent Obligations . It is not under any obligation, contractual or otherwise, to any Person that conflicts with or is inconsistent in any material respect with the terms of this Agreement, or that would impede the diligent and complete fulfillment of its obligations hereunder . 15 [[5252615]] 2. C apacity . SUPPLIER hereby represents and warrants to Company that (a) as of the CMA Effective Date, the capacity at the Manufacturing Sites to Manufacture and supply Clinical Products in the form of pre - filled syringes or vials will be at least equal to the Current Capacity and (b) it will have sufficient capacity to Manufacture and supply all of the Clinical Products included on the initial Forecast Schedule attached hereto as Exhibit A . 3. C ertain Compliance Matters . 1. No Violation of Law . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, neither Party shall be required to undertake any activity or obligation under this Agreement which it has reason to believe may violate any applicable Laws ; provided , however , a Party which so believes shall promptly inform the other Party of such belief . 2. Anti - Bribery and Corruption . Neither SUPPLIER nor its Affiliates will make any payment, either directly or indirectly, of money or other assets, including the compensation SUPPLIER derives from this Agreement (collectively, a “ Payment ”), to government or political party officials, officials of International Public Organizations, candidates for public office, or representatives of other businesses or persons acting on behalf of any of the foregoing (collectively, “ Officials ”) or other individuals where such Payment would constitute violation of any applicable Law, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 , 15 U . S . C . †† 78 dd - 1 , et seq . , and the United Kingdom Bribery Act . In addition regardless of legality, neither SUPPLIER nor its Affiliates will make any Payment either directly or indirectly to Officials or other individuals if such Payment is for the purpose of improperly influencing decisions or actions to secure a business advantage, including with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement . SUPPLIER shall have necessary procedures in place to prevent bribery and corrupt conduct by itself and each of its Affiliates and subcontractors . All activities will be conducted in compliance with the U . S . False Claims Act and the U . S . Anti - Kickback Statute . SUPPLIER and each of its Affiliates and subcontractors shall conduct its activities hereunder in accordance with the provisions of Exhibit C to this Agreement . 4. N o Other Representations or Warranties . EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT OR IN ANY OTHER WRITTEN AGREEMENT EXECUTED BY EACH OF THE PARTIES, THE PARTIES MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, IN FACT OR BY OPERATION OF LAW, BY STATUTE OR OTHERWISE, AND EACH PARTY SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF QUALITY, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR WARRANTY OF NON - INFRINGEMENT . 16 [[5252615]] Article 7 CONFIDENTIALITY AND PUBLICITY 7.1 C onfidentiality . SUPPLIER will, and will cause its Affiliates and its and their Representatives, to keep confidential and not disclose to any Person (i) the terms of this Agreement or (ii) any non - public, confidential or proprietary information of Company or its Affiliates (including information relating to the Business) obtained pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement and to not use any such information other than in furtherance of the performance of its obligations hereunder . The obligations of SUPPLIER under this Section 7 . 1 shall not apply to information to the extent such information (a) becomes generally available to the public without breach of SUPPLIER’S or its Affiliates’ obligations under this Section 7 . 1 or under the Asset Purchase Agreement or any Related Document or (B) is required to be disclosed by Law or any Order ; provided , however , that in the case of the foregoing clause (B), to the extent not prohibited by such Law or Order, SUPPLIER shall notify Company as early in advance of such disclosure as is practicable to allow Company to take appropriate measures (and SUPPLIER shall reasonably cooperate, at the expense of Company, in the taking of such measures) to preserve the confidentiality of such information . Article 8 TERM AND TERMINATION 1. T erm . This Agreement shall become effective as of the CMA Effective Date and, unless earlier terminated pursuant to this Article 8 , shall continue in full force and effect until December 31 , 2021 (the “ Term ”) ; provided that the foregoing shall not limit any ongoing obligations of SUPPLIER with respect to Clinical Products ordered prior to the end of the Term, such as the performance of quality assurance activities or ongoing stability tests, as set forth in this Agreement or the Quality Agreement, following the end of the Term . Without limiting the foregoing, if Company requires additional supply of Clinical Products following the Term to complete then - ongoing clinical trials, then upon Company’s request, the Parties shall discuss in good faith an extension to the Term in order for SUPPLIER to provide such additional supply, including with respect to any modifications to the terms of this Agreement that would apply to such Clinical Product supply during such extension as may be reasonably requested by either Party . Any such requested modifications shall be commercially reasonable, and any such extension shall be subject to the mutual written agreement of the Parties . 2. T ermination by Mutual Agreement . This Agreement may be terminated at any time upon the mutual written agreement of the Parties. 17 [[5252615]] 3. T ermination for Material Breach . This Agreement may be terminated by either Party if the other Party has committed a material breach and has failed to remedy such breach within thirty ( 30 ) Business Days following receipt of a written notice of such breach from the non - breaching Party . 4. T ermination for Convenience . This Agreement may be terminated at any time by Company upon providing at least sixty ( 60 ) days’ prior written notice to SUPPLIER . 5. E ffects of Termination or Expiration . Termination or expiration of this Agreement shall not relieve the Parties of any liability or obligation which accrued hereunder prior to the effective date of such termination or expiration . Each Party shall be free, pursuant to Article 9 , to seek, without restriction as to the number of times it may seek, damages, costs and remedies that may be available to it under applicable Law or in equity and shall be entitled, following final resolution of a Dispute in accordance with Article 9 , to offset the amount of any damages and costs awarded pursuant to a final determination under Article 9 against any amounts due to such other Party under this Agreement . Upon termination or expiration of this Agreement, SUPPLIER shall transfer to Company all right, title and interest in, to and under any Inventory (including Clinical Products) in the possession of SUPPLIER at no cost to Company, and Company will acquire from SUPPLIER good and marketable title to all such Inventory, free and clear of any Liens . 6. S urvival . In the event of termination or expiration of this Agreement, in addition to the provisions of this Agreement that continue in effect in accordance with their terms, the following provisions of this Agreement shall survive : Articles 1 (Definitions) (as applicable), 7 (Confidentiality), 9 (Dispute Resolution), 10 (Indemnification) (solely as to activities arising during the Term) and 11 (Miscellaneous) ; Sections 2 . 3 (Forecasts), 4 . 1 (Transition), 5 . 5 (Nonconforming Clinical Product), 5 . 6 (Clinical Product Actions), 6 . 4 (No Other Representations or Warranties), 8 . 5 (Effects of Termination or Expiration) and 8 . 6 (Survival) ; and any other provisions of this Agreement that are necessary to interpret or effectuate the intent of the foregoing provisions . Article 9 DISPUTE RESOLUTION 9.1 D ispute Resolution, Generally . The Parties recognize that a dispute may arise relating to this Agreement (a “ Dispute ”) . Any Dispute, including Disputes that may involve the parent company, subsidiaries or Affiliates under common control of any Party, shall be resolved in accordance with this Article 9 . 18 [[5252615]] 2. M ediation . 1. The Parties shall first attempt in good faith to resolve any Dispute by confidential mediation in accordance with the then current Mediation Procedure of the International Institute for Conflict Prevention and Resolution (“ CPR Mediation Procedure ”) (www . cpradr . org) before initiating arbitration . The CPR Mediation Procedure shall control, except where it conflicts with these provisions, in which case these provisions control . The mediator shall be chosen pursuant to CPR Mediation Procedure . The mediation shall be held in New York, New York . 2. Either Party may initiate mediation by written notice to the other Party of the existence of a Dispute . The Parties agree to select a mediator within 20 days of the notice and the mediation will begin promptly after the selection . The mediation will continue until the mediator, or either Party, declares in writing, no sooner than after the conclusion of one full day of a substantive mediation conference attended on behalf of each Party by a senior business person with authority to resolve the Dispute, that the Dispute cannot be resolved by mediation . In no event, however, shall mediation continue more than 60 days from the initial notice by a Party to initiate mediation unless the Parties agree in writing to extend that period . 3. Any period of limitations that would otherwise expire between the initiation of mediation and its conclusion shall be extended until 20 days after the conclusion of the mediation . 3. A rbitration . 1. If the Parties fail to resolve the Dispute in mediation, and a Party desires to pursue resolution of the Dispute, the Dispute shall be submitted by either Party for resolution in arbitration pursuant to the then current CPR Non - Administered Arbitration Rules (“ CPR Rules ”) (www . cpradr . org), except where they conflict with these provisions, in which case these provisions control . The arbitration will be held in New York, New York . All aspects of the arbitration shall be treated as confidential . 2. The arbitrators will be chosen form the CPR Panel of Distinguished Neutrals, unless a candidate not on such panel is approved by both Parties . Each arbitrator shall be a lawyer with at least 15 years experience with a law firm or corporate law department of over 25 lawyers or who was a judge of a court of general jurisdiction . To the extent that the Dispute requires special expertise, the Parties will so inform CPR prior to the beginning of the selection process . 3. The arbitration tribunal shall consist of three arbitrators, of whom each Party shall designate one in accordance with the “screened” appointment procedure provided in CPR Rule 5 . 4 . The chair will be chosen in accordance with CPR Rule 6 . 4 . 4. If, however, the aggregate award sought by the Parties is less than $ 5 million and equitable relief is not sought, a single arbitrator shall be chosen in accordance with the CPR Rules . 5. Candidates for the arbitrator position(s) may be interviewed by representatives of the Parties in advance of their selection, provided that all Parties are represented . 19 [[5252615]] 6. The Parties agree to select the arbitrator(s) within 45 days of initiation of the arbitration . The hearing will be concluded within nine ( 9 ) months after selection of the arbitrator(s) and the award will be rendered within 60 days of the conclusion of the hearing, or of any post - hearing briefing, which briefing will be completed by both sides within 45 days after the conclusion of the hearing . In the event the Parties cannot agree upon a schedule, then the arbitrator(s) shall set the schedule following the time limits set forth above as closely as practical . 7. The hearing will be concluded in ten hearing days or less . Multiple hearing days will be scheduled consecutively to the greatest extent possible . A transcript of the testimony adduced at the hearing shall be made and shall be made available to each Party . 8. The arbitrator(s) shall be guided, but not bound, by the CPR Protocol on Disclosure of Documents and Presentation of Witnesses in Commercial Arbitration (www . cpradr . org) ("Protocol") . The Parties will attempt to agree on modes of document disclosure, electronic discovery, witness presentation, etc . within the parameters of the Protocol . If the Parties cannot agree on discovery and presentation issues, the arbitrator(s) shall decide on presentation modes and provide for discovery within the Protocol, understanding that the Parties contemplate reasonable discovery . 9. The arbitrator(s) shall decide the merits of any Dispute in accordance with the law governing this Agreement, without application of any principle of conflict of laws that would result in reference to a different law . The arbitrator(s) may not apply principles such as "amiable compositeur" or "natural justice and equity . " 10. The arbitrator(s) are expressly empowered to decide dispositive motions in advance of any hearing and shall endeavor to decide such motions as would a United States District Court Judge sitting in the jurisdiction whose substantive law governs . 11. The arbitrator(s) shall render a written opinion stating the reasons upon which the award is based . The Parties consent to the jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the district in which the arbitration is held for the enforcement of these provisions and the entry of judgment on any award rendered hereunder . Should such court for any reason lack jurisdiction, any court with jurisdiction may act in the same fashion . 12. Each Party has the right to seek from the appropriate court provisional remedies such as attachment, preliminary injunction, replevin, etc . to avoid irreparable harm, maintain the status quo , or preserve the subject matter of the Dispute . Rule 14 of the CPR Rules does not apply to this Agreement . 13. EACH PARTY HERETO WAIVES : ( 1 ) ITS RIGHT TO TRIAL OF ANY ISSUE BY JURY, ( 2 ) WITH THE EXCEPTION OF RELIEF MANDATED BY STATUTE OR RESULTING FROM THE WILLFUL MATERIAL BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT, ANY CLAIM TO PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, MULTIPLIED, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR LOST PROFITS/REVENUES DAMAGES (EXCEPT, IN EACH CASE, TO THE EXTENT AWARDED TO A THIRD PARTY), AND ( 3 ) ANY CLAIM FOR ATTORNEY FEES, COSTS AND PREJUDGMENT INTEREST . 20 [[5252615]] Article 10 INDEMNIFICATION 10.1 I ncorporation of Asset Purchase Agreement Indemnification Provisions . This Agreement shall be deemed to be a “Related Document” for the purposes of Article VII of the Asset Purchase Agreement, and Article VII of the Asset Purchase Agreement will govern the indemnification obligations of the Parties with respect to any “Losses”, as such term is defined in the Asset Purchase Agreement, arising under this Agreement (including, for the avoidance of doubt, with respect to any “Losses” arising from, relating to or otherwise in connection with any breach of or failure to perform any covenant or agreement of SUPPLIER or Company, as applicable, contained in this Agreement) . Article 11 MISCELLANEOUS 1. N otices . All notices given by one Party to the other Party under this Agreement will follow the procedures and be delivered to the addresses set forth in Section 9 . 2 of the Asset Purchase Agreement . 2. G overning Law . THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REGARDLESS OF THE LAWS THAT MIGHT OTHERWISE GOVERN UNDER APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS THEREOF . 3. A ssignment . Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights, interests or obligations hereunder shall be assigned, in whole or in part, by either of the Parties without the prior written consent of the other Party, and any assignment without such consent shall be null and void, except that either Party may, without the prior written consent of the other Party, assign (a) any or all of its rights and obligations under this Agreement to any of its Affiliates ( provided that the assigning Party shall remain responsible for the performance of such assignee Affiliate) or (b) this Agreement in its entirety to a Third Party acquirer of that portion of its business relating to the subject matter of this Agreement . Any successor or assignee of rights and/or obligations permitted hereunder shall, in writing, expressly assume performance of such rights and/or obligations . 4. D esignation of Affiliates . Each Party may discharge any obligation and exercise any right hereunder through delegation of its obligations or rights to any of its Affiliates . Each Party hereby guarantees the performance by its Affiliates of such Party’s obligations under this Agreement, and shall cause 21 [[5252615]] its Affiliates to comply with the provisions of this Agreement in connection with such performance . Any breach by a Party’s Affiliate of any of such Party’s obligations under this Agreement shall be deemed a breach by such Party, and the other Party may proceed directly against such Party without any obligation to first proceed against such Party’s Affiliate . 5. R elationship of the Parties . It is expressly agreed that SUPPLIER, on the one hand, and Company, on the other hand, are independent contractors, and it is further agreed that the Parties fully intend and expect that the relationship between the two Parties shall not constitute a partnership, joint venture or agency . Except as expressly provided herein, neither SUPPLIER nor Company shall have the authority to make any statements, representations or commitments of any kind, or to take any action which shall be binding on the other, without the prior written consent of the other Party to do so . All individuals employed by a Party shall be employees of that Party and not of the other Party and all costs and obligations incurred by reason of such employment shall be for the account and expense of such Party . 6. F orce Majeure . Both Parties shall be excused from the performance of their obligations under this Agreement to the extent that such performance is prevented by Force Majeure and the nonperforming Party promptly provides notice of such Force Majeure circumstances to the other Party . Such excuse shall be continued so long as the condition constituting Force Majeure continues and the nonperforming Party takes reasonable best efforts to remove the condition . Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Party shall not be excused from making payments owed hereunder because of a Force Majeure affecting such Party . If a Force Majeure persists for more than ninety ( 90 ) days, then the Parties shall discuss in good faith the modification of the Parties’ obligations under this Agreement in order to mitigate the delays caused by such Force Majeure . In the event a Party is prevented from performing its obligations under this Agreement due to Force Majeure for more than six ( 6 ) months according to this Section 11 . 6 , the other Party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement upon sixty ( 60 ) days’ notice after the expiration of such period . A termination under this Section 11 . 6 by either Party shall be treated as a termination under Section 8 . 2 . 7. S everability . If any one or more of the provisions of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken, the provision shall be considered severed from this Agreement and shall not serve to invalidate any remaining provisions hereof . The Parties shall make good faith efforts to replace any invalid or unenforceable provision with a valid and enforceable one such that the objectives contemplated by the Parties when entering this Agreement may be realized . 8. E nglish Language . This Agreement shall be written in and executed in, and all other communications under or in connection with this Agreement shall be in, the English language . Any translation into any other language shall not be an official version hereof or thereof, and in the event of any conflict 22 [[5252615]] in interpretation between the English version and such translation, the English version shall control. 9. W aiver and Non - Exclusion of Remedies . Any term or condition of this Agreement may be waived at any time by the Party that is entitled to the benefit thereof, but no such waiver shall be effective unless set forth in a written instrument duly executed by or on behalf of the Party waiving such term or condition . The waiver by either Party of any right hereunder or of the failure to perform or of a breach by the other Party shall not be deemed a waiver of any other right hereunder or of any other breach or failure by such other Party whether of a similar nature or otherwise . The rights and remedies provided herein are cumulative and do not exclude any other right or remedy provided by applicable Law or otherwise available except as expressly set forth herein . 10. F urther Assurance . Each Party shall duly execute and deliver, or cause to be duly executed and delivered, such further instruments and do and cause to be done such further acts and things, including the filing of such assignments, agreements, documents, and instruments, as may be necessary or as the other Party may reasonably request in connection with this Agreement to carry out more effectively the provisions and purposes hereof . 11. H eadings . The headings of each Article and Section in this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only and are not intended to limit or expand on the meaning of the language contained in the particular Article or Section . 12. C onstruction . Whenever this Agreement refers to a number of days without using a term otherwise defined herein, such number refers to calendar days, whether or not “calendar days” is expressly stated . Except where the context otherwise requires, (a) wherever used, the singular shall include the plural, the plural shall include the singular ; (b) the use of any gender shall be applicable to all genders ; (c) the terms “including,” “include,” “includes” and “for example” shall not limit the generality of any description preceding such term and, as used herein, shall have the same meaning as “including, but not limited to,” and “including, without limitation” ; (d) the words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder”, and words of similar import, refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any particular provision hereof ; (e) the word “will” means “shall” ; (f) if a period of time is specified and dates from a given day or Business Day, or the day or Business Day of an act or event, it is to be calculated exclusive of that day or Business Day ; (g) “Dollar”, “USD” or “ $ ” means U . S . Dollars ; (h) references to a particular Person include such Person’s successors and assigns to the extent not prohibited by this Agreement ; (i) a capitalized term not defined herein but reflecting a different part of speech than a capitalized term which is defined herein shall be interpreted in a correlative manner ; (j) any definition of or reference to any agreement, instrument or other document herein shall be construed as referring to such agreement, instrument or other document as from time to time amended, supplemented or otherwise modified (subject to any restrictions on such amendments, supplements or 23 [[5252615]] modifications set forth herein) ; (k) any provision under this Agreement requiring the mutual agreement of the Parties or the consent or approval of a Party shall only be satisfied if made in writing signed by the relevant Party(ies) and (l) if this Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms, the “Term” shall be deemed to end on the effective date of such termination . The language of this Agreement shall be deemed to be the language mutually chosen by the Parties and no rule of strict construction shall be applied against either Party . Each Party represents that it has been represented by legal counsel in connection with this Agreement and acknowledges that it has participated in the drafting hereof . 13. C ounterparts . This Agreement may be executed in two ( 2 ) or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument . This Agreement may be executed by . pdf or other electronically transmitted signatures and such signatures shall be deemed to bind each Party as if they were the original signatures . 14. E ntire Agreement; Amendments . This Agreement, including the Exhibits hereto, sets forth the complete, final and exclusive agreement and all the covenants, promises, agreements, warranties, representations, conditions and understandings between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes, as of the CMA Effective Date, all prior and contemporaneous agreements and understandings between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof . In the event of any inconsistency between the body of this Agreement or any Exhibits to this Agreement and the Asset Purchase Agreement or any other Related Document, this Agreement shall govern and control with respect to the supply of Clinical Product and the specific subject matter hereof, and the Asset Purchase Agreement and other Related Documents shall govern and control with respect to all other matters . There are no covenants, promises, agreements, warranties, representations, conditions or understandings, either oral or written, between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof other than as are set forth herein and therein . No subsequent alteration, amendment, change or addition to this Agreement shall be binding upon the Parties unless reduced to writing and signed by an authorized officer of each Party . In the event of any inconsistency between the body of this Agreement and any Exhibits to this Agreement, unless otherwise expressly stated to the contrary in such Exhibit, the terms contained in this Agreement shall govern and control . 15. S pecific Performance . The Parties agree that irreparable damage would occur and that the Parties would not have any adequate remedy at law in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached . It is accordingly agreed that the Parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Agreement, this being in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity and as further set forth in Article 9 . For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 11 . 15 shall not restrict any Party from asserting that the terms and provisions of this Agreement have not 24 [[5252615]] been breached (or would not be breached) by the actions or omissions (or intended actions or omissions) of such Party. [SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have signed this Clinical Manufacturing Agreement as of the date first set forth above . JANSSEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LLC By: Name: Title: XBIOTECH USA, INC. By: Name: Title; U5252615ll IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have signed this Clinical Manufacturing Agreement as of the date first set forth above. JANSSEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LLC By: Name: Title: XBIOTECH USA, INC. \ By: Name: Title: Chief Executive Officer [[5252615]] Exhibit A - 1 [[5252615]] Exhibit A Initial Forecast Schedule [[5262776]] Exhibit A Initial Forecast Schedule 1 M o n t h s 18 - - - - 4100 - 17 - - - - 4100 - 16 - - - - 4100 - 15 - - - - 4100 - 14 - - - - 4100 - 13 - - - - 4100 - 12 - - - - 4100 - 11 - - - - 4100 - 10 - - - - 4100 - 9 - - - - 4100 - 8 - - - - 4100 - 7 - - - - 4100 - 6 - - - - 4100 - 5 - - - - 4100 - Binding Commitment 4 - - - - 4100 100 3 - - - - 4100 - 2 - - - - 4100 - 1 336 48 48 24 2100 500 Vials (units) 100 mg/ml 150 mg/ml 175 mg/ml 200 mg/ml Syringes (units) 2 Bulk Drug Substance (g) 1 Schedule does not include demand required for release testing, stability or similar studies. Seller will provide additional Clinical Products as necessary for such studies. 2 Syringe demand will be allocated between the formulations listed in Exhibit G and placebo. Exhibit B - 1 [[5252615]] Exhibit B Specifications Specifications of existing strengths must meet all specifications as listed in the Product IND/IMPD. Specifications of the new formulations will be adjusted accordingly. [See attached.] XBiotech Bermekimab I M PD P.5 P.5.1 P .5.1.1 Control of Drug Product Specification ES018, Bermekimab Drug product (cid:0) 100mg/ml Confidential Information: Outside distribution must be approved by Regulatory Affairs/Quality Assurance B i N o ext G e t nera t e ion Ant i c body T h herapy SPECIFICATION Doc. No.: Effective Date: DCR No.: ES018 09 / 0 6 / 18 18 - 187 Title: Bermekimab Subcutaneous Drug Product, ~ 100 mg/ml Revision: 6.0 Page 1 of 3 Bermekimab1 Subcutaneous Drug Product, 100 mg/ml Information Product: Bermekimab Subcutaneous Drug Product, ~ 100 mg/mL Nominal Fill Volume: 2.0 mL Approved Manufacturers: XBiotech Inc. Part No.: ES018 Storage Conditions: Store upright, protected from light Storage Temperature: 2 - 8 (cid:0) C Standard Container Size(s ): USP Type I 2 - mL vial US Retest Period: TBD EU Expiry Period: TBD QC Release Sample Requirements: 2 vials for QC Analytical, 5 vials for Extractable Volume, Sterility see below. Reserve Requirements per QA036: 4 vials stored upright, protected from light, at 2 - 8 ƒ C Composition/Description/Use: Bermekimab Drug Substance (produced and purified from 1005C2 Lonza process) formulated with Formulation Buffer NP (no polysorbate), and filled into USP TYPE I borosilicate serum vials, with Daikyo Flurotec - butyl rubber stoppers and flip - off aluminum seals. Note: Any update to the RElEASE specification will require updating the Certificate of Analysis at the end of this document. RElEASE Specification for Bermekimab Subcutaneous Drug Product, ~ 100 mg/ml Attribute Test Method/SOP Specification Sample Size Appearance Visual/QC077 Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with no visible particles 100% pH pH meter/QC045 6.2 - 6.5 300 (cid:0) L Concentration UV Absorbance/QC020 100 (cid:0) 5.0 mg/mL 500 (cid:0) L Osmolality Osmometer/QC089 (cid:0) 240 mOsmol/Kg 500 (cid:0) L Purity/ Molecular Distribution SEC - HPLC/QC022 Monomer% (cid:0) 97% 100 (cid:0) L Soluble Oligomers% (cid:0) 2% Fragments% (cid:0) 2% Charge Heterogeneity CEX - HP L C / QC068 Retention time and distribution of peaks comparable to Reference Standard Purity SDS - CE (nr)/QC004 (cid:0) 95% 100 µL Purity SDS - CE (r)/QC004 (cid:0) (HC+LC) (cid:0) 95% pI cIEF/QC006 pI of the major isoforms comparable to Reference Standard Identity ELISA/QC122 MABp1 antibody 100 µL Potency HUVEC/QC021 80 - 120% average relative potency 100 (cid:0) L Binding Kinetics Octet/QC072 K D % = 75 - 137% relative to Reference Standard 100 (cid:0) L Extractable Volume USP <697>/EP 2.9.17 QC136 2.0 - 2.3 mL 5 vials Particulate Matter USP <787>/QC126 Particle Size (cid:0) 10 (cid:0) m (cid:0) 25 (cid:0) m 1 vial Particle Limit < 6000 < 600 Endotoxin USP <85>/EP 2.6.14 /QC001 < 0.4375 EU/mg 200 (cid:0) L Sterility USP <71>/EP 2.6.1 Direct No Growth TBD* * (cid:0) 100 vials: pull 10% or 4 vials, whichever is greater. For batch sizes 101 - 500 vials pull 10 vials. Confidential Page 287 of 468 XBiotech Bermekimab I M PD Confidential lnformation: Outside distribution must be approved by Regulatory Affairs/Quality Assurance B i N o ext G e t nera t e ion Ant i c body T h herapy SPECIFICATION Doc. No.: Effective Date: DCR No.: ES018 09 / 0 6 / 1 8 18 - 187 Title: Bermekimab Subcutaneous Drug Product, ~ 100 mg/ml Revision: 6.0 Page 2 of 3 STABIlITY and RETEST* Specifications for Bermekimab Subcutaneous Drug Product, ~ 100 mg/ml See Stability Protocol TP213 for details Attribute Test Method/SOP Specification Sample Size Appearance Visual/QC077 Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid, essentially free of particles 100% pH pH meter/QC045 6.2 - 6.5 300 (cid:0) L Concentration UV Absorbance/ QC020 100 (cid:0) 5.0mg/mL 500 (cid:0) L Purity/ Molecular Distribution SEC - HPLC/QC022 Monomer% (cid:0) 95.0% 100 (cid:0) L Soluble Oligomers% (cid:0) 5.0% Fragments% (cid:0) 2.0% Charge Heterogeneity CEX - HP L C / QC068 Retention time and distribution of peaks comparable to Reference Standard Purity SDS - CE (r)/QC004 (cid:0) (HC+LC) (cid:0) 95% 200 (cid:0) L pl clEF/QC006 pl of the major isoforms comparable to Reference Standard Binding Kinetics Octet/QC072 K D % = 75 - 137% relative to Reference Standard 100 (cid:0) L Potency HUVEC/QC021 80 - 120% average relative potency 100 (cid:0) L Particulate Matter USP <787>/QC126 Particle Size (cid:0) 10 (cid:0) m (cid:0) 25 (cid:0) m 1 vial Particle Limit < 6000 < 600 Sterility Container - Closure lntegrity/ TP012 No Growth at test interval 100% USP <71>/EP 2.6.1 Direct EU Phar. 2.6.1 2 vials Confidential Page 288 of 468 Confidential Information: Outside distribution ust be approved by Regulatory Affairs/Quality Assurance B i N o ext G e t nera t e ion Ant i c body T h herapy SPECIFICATION Doc. No.: Effective Date DCR No.: ES030 09/19/19 19 - 172 Title: Bermekimab Drug Substance Revision: 6.0 Page 1 of 3 Bermekimab Drug Substance Information Product: Bermekimab Drug Substance Part No.: ES030 Approved Manufacturers: XBiotech USA, Inc. Standard Container: HyQtainers/Mixtainers/LabTainers (RM - 0022, RM - 0027, RM - 0036) Lot Number: Lot number of PS - 018 Storage Temperature: 2 – 8 ºC Expiry Date: 12 Months Storage Conditions: Store protected from light Composition/Description/Use: Purified, nano - filtered, unformulated, Bermekimab antibody (Viral Filtrate) Note: Any update to RELEASE specification will require updating the CofA at the end of this document. RELEASE Specifications for Bermekimab Drug Substance Attribute Test Method/SOP Specification Appearance Visual/QC077 Clear and colorless liquid, may contain small particles pH pH/QC045 6.2 - 6.5 Concentration UV Absorbance/ QC020 Report Result Purity/ Molecular Distribution SEC - HPLC/QC022 Monomer% (cid:0) 97.0% Dimer% (cid:0) 2.0% Fragments% (cid:0) 1.0% Charge Heterogeneity CEX - HPLC/QC068 Retention time and distribution of peaks comparable to Reference Standard Purity SDS - CE (nr)/QC004 ≥ 95% Purity SDS - CE (r)/QC004 (cid:0) (HC+LC) ≥ 95% pI / Identity cIEF/QC006 pI of the major isoforms comparable with Reference Standard Carbohydrate profile CHO - CE/QC011 Comparable with Reference Standard: the major cleaved glycan isoforms are from these species G0F, G1F, G1’F, G2F; total fucosylated cleaved glycans% comparable with Reference Standard Binding Kinetics / Identity Octet/QC072 K D % = 75 - 137% relative to Reference Standard Residual gDNA RT - PCR/QC046 < 6.7 pg/mg Residual Host Cell Protein Cygnus ELISA/ QC051 < 100 ppm Residual Protein A ELISA/ QC 07 4 / QC 14 3 < 100 ppm Endotoxin USP<84>/EP 2.6.14 QC001 < 0.4375 EU/mg Bioburden USP<61>/EP 2.6.12 QC012 < 1 CFU/10 mL* * Refer to USP<61> and EP 2.6.12 for interpretation of Bioburden results. XBiotech Bermekimab I M PD P .5.1.2 ES050, Bermekimab Subcutaneous Drug product (cid:0) 200mg/ml Confidential Information: Outside distribution must be approved by Regulatory Affairs/Quality Assurance Bi N o ext G e t nera t e ion Ant i c body T h herapy SPECIFICATION Doc. No.: Effective Date: DCR No.: ES050 09 / 0 6 / 1 8 18 - 187 Title: Bermekimab Subcutaneous Drug Product, ~ 200 mg/ml Revision: 2.0 Page 1 of 3 Bermekimab Subcutaneous Drug Product, ~ 200 mg/ml Information Product: Bermekimab Subcutaneous Drug Product, ~ 200 mg/mL Nominal Fill Volume: 2.0 mL Approved Manufacturers: XBiotech Inc. Part No.: ES050 Storage Conditions: Store upright, protected from light Storage Temperature: 2 - 8 (cid:0) C Standard Container Size(s ): USP Type I 2 - mL vial US Retest Period: TBD EU Expiry Period: TBD QC Release Sample Requirements: 2 vials for QC Analytical, 5 vials for Extractable Volume, Sterility see below. Reserve Requirements per QA036: 4 vials stored upright, protected from light, at 2 - 8 ƒ C Composition/Description/Use: Bermekimab produced from 1005C2 Lonza process, purified, formulated and filled into USP TYPE I borosilicate serum vials, with Daikyo Flurotec - butyl rubber stoppers and flip - off aluminum seals. Note: Any update to the RElEASE specification will require updating the Certificate of Analysis at the end of this document. RElEASE Specification for Subcutaneous Bermekimab Drug Product, ~ 200 mg/ml Attribute Test Method/SOP Specification Sample Size Appearance Visual/QC077 Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid, essentially free of particles 100% pH pH meter/QC045 6.2 - 6.5 300 (cid:0) L Concentration UV Absorbance/QC020 Report Results 300 (cid:0) L Osmolality Osmometer/QC089 (cid:0) 240 mOsmol/Kg 500 (cid:0) L Purity/ Molecular Distribution SEC - HPLC/QC022 Monomer% (cid:0) 97% 100 (cid:0) L Soluble Oligomers% (cid:0) 2% Fragments% (cid:0) 2% Charge Heterogeneity CEX - HP L C / QC068 Retention time and distribution of peaks comparable to Reference Standard Purity SDS - CE (nr)/QC004 (cid:0) 95% 100 µL SDS - CE (r)/QC004 (cid:0) (HC+LC) (cid:0) 95% pI cIEF/QC006 pI from major isoforms comparable to Reference Standard 100 µL Identity ELISA/QC122 MABp1 antibody 100 µL Potency HUVEC/QC021 80 - 120% average relative potency 100 (cid:0) L Binding Kinetics Octet/QC072 K D % = 75 - 137% relative to Reference Standard 100 (cid:0) L Extractable Volume USP <697>/EP 2.9.17 QC136 2.0 - 2.3 mL 5 vials Particulate Matter USP <787>/QC126 Particle size (cid:0) 10 (cid:0) m (cid:0) 25 (cid:0) m 1 vial Particle Limit < 6000 < 600 Endotoxin USP <85>/ EP 2.6.14 /QC001 < 0.4375 EU/mg 200 (cid:0) L Sterility USP <71>/ EP 2.6.1 Direct No Growth TBD* * For batch size (cid:0) 100 vials: pull 10% or 4 vials, whichever is greater. For batch size 101 - 500 vials, pull 10 vials. For batches with more than 500 vials, pull 2% or 20 vials, whichever is less. Confidential Page 294 of 468 XBiotech Bermekimab I M PD Confidential lnformation: Outside distribution must be approved by Regulatory Affairs/Quality Assurance Bi N o ext G e t nera t e ion Ant i c body T h herapy SPECIFICATION Doc. No.: Effective Date: DCR No.: ES050 09 / 0 6 / 1 8 18 - 187 Title: Bermekimab Subcutaneous Drug Product, ~ 200 mg/ml Revision: 2.0 Page 2 of 3 STABIlITY and RETEST* Specifications for Bermekimab Subcutaneous Drug Product, ~ 200 mg/ml See Stability Protocol TP213 for details Attribute Test Method/SOP Specification Sample Size Appearance Visual/QC077 Clear and colorless to pale yellow liquid essentially free of particles 100% pH pH meter/QC045 6.2 - 6.5 300 (cid:0) L Concentration UV Absorbance/QC020 Report Results 300 (cid:0) L Purity/ Molecular Distribution SEC - HPLC/QC022 Monomer% (cid:0) 95.0% 100 (cid:0) L Soluble Oligomers% (cid:0) 5.0% Fragments% (cid:0) 2.0% Charge Heterogeneity C E X - H P LC/ QC068 Retention time and distribution of peaks comparable to Reference Standard Purity SDS - CE (r)/QC004 (cid:0) (HC+LC) (cid:0) 95% 100 (cid:0) L pl clEF/QC006 pl from major isoforms comparable to Reference Standard 100 (cid:0) L Binding Kinetics Octet/QC072 K D % = 75 - 137% relative to Reference Standard 100 (cid:0) L Potency HU VE C /Q C021 80 - 120% average relative potency 100 (cid:0) L Particulate Matter USP <787>/QC126 Particle Size (cid:0) 10 (cid:0) m (cid:0) 25 (cid:0) m 1 vial Particle Limit < 6000 < 600 Sterility Con t aine r - Clo s u re lntegrity/ TP012 No Growth at test interval 100% USP <71>/EP 2.6.1 Direct 2 vials Confidential Page 295 of 468 Exhibit C - 1 [[5252615]] E xhibit C Compliance with Laws 1. SUPPLIER acknowledges that Company aims to perform its activities, and to have other parties (such as SUPPLIER) with which it enters into business arrangements to perform their activities under such arrangements, in accordance with the highest ethical standards and best industry practices, including any voluntary codes of practice applicable in the industry . SUPPLIER agree to use reasonable efforts to help ensure that it does not fail to meet such aim with respect to activities hereunder through any violation of the U . S . Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “ FCPA ”), the U . S . False Claims Act (the “ FCA ”), the U . S . Anti - Kickback Law (the “ AKA ”), the United Kingdom Bribery Act (the “ UKBA ”), or any laws or regulations regarding governmental research grants (e . g . , rules governing grants from the National Institutes of Health, or other governmental agencies) . 2. SUPPLIER shall comply with all laws and regulations concerning its efforts in any country or jurisdiction where it is providing work hereunder or otherwise applying to any of its activities under this Agreement . SUPPLIER shall use reasonable efforts to ensure that its personnel performing hereunder become reasonably familiar with the FCPA, the FCA, the UKBA and the AKA, and their prohibitions and purposes, and that they will not undertake any actions that would violate the FCPA, the FCA, the UKBA and the AKA . Accordingly, SUPPLIER hereby warrants that : ( i) ( ii) ( iii) ( iv) neither it nor its agents or employees whose duties pertain to this Agreement are excluded from a federal health care program as outlined in Sections 1128 and 1156 of the Social Security Act (see the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services List of Excluded Individuals / Entities at http : //oig . hhs . gov/exclusions/exclusions_list . asp) ; neither it nor its agents or employees whose duties pertain to this Agreement are debarred by the FDA under 21 U.S.C. 335a (see the FDA Office of Regulatory Affairs Debarment List at http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/FDADebarmentList/default.htm); neither it, nor its agents or employees are otherwise excluded from contracting with the federal government (see the System for Award Management at https : //www . sam . gov/portal/SAM/# 1 ) ; it, or its agents or employees, if required, are duly licensed and in good standing in accordance with applicable U . S . , state or other applicable governmental licensing requirements ; (v) no payment or offer to pay, or the giving or offering to give, anything of value to an official or employee of any government or any department, agency or instrumentality thereof (including any health or medical providers owned or controlled by the government), or to any political party or any candidate for political office, shall be made with the purpose of influencing any decisions favorable to SUPPLIER or its Affiliates and the business resulting therefrom in Exhibit C - 2 [[5252615]] ( vi) ( vii) contravention of the FCPA or the laws of the country in which it is providing work ; it has not paid, nor offered or agreed to pay, nor caused to be paid, directly or indirectly, any political contributions, fees or commissions to any governmental employee or representative (including any employee of any health or medical provider owned or controlled by the government) that would appear to cause a violation of the FCPA ; it will not directly or indirectly offer, pay, promise to pay, or authorize the giving of money or anything of value to any governmental official or representative, to any political party or official thereof, or to any candidate for political office, or to any other person, for the purpose of : a. inappropriately influencing any act or decisions of such person, official, political party, party official, or candidate in, if applicable, its official capacity, including a decision to fail to perform official functions ; or b. inducing such person, official, political party, party official, or candidate to use influence with the government, any instrumentality thereof, or any other entity to affect or influence any act or decision of such government or instrumentality, or entity, in order to assist SUPPLIER in obtaining or retaining business for or with, or directing business to, any Affiliate or Third Party . SUPPLIER further agrees that if subsequent developments cause the certifications and information reported herein to be no longer accurate or complete, it will immediately so advise Company in writing . 1 . 3 In the event of a claim or investigation, or an official request for Company to cooperate with respect to any such claim or investigation, by a Regulatory Authority or other legal authority having jurisdiction over either Party, of an alleged violation of the FCPA arising from any activities conducted by the SUPPLIER relating specifically to this Agreement or to the Clinical Products, SUPPLIER shall reasonably provide such Regulatory Authority or other legal authority having jurisdiction with access to SUPPLIER’s facilities, records (financial and otherwise), and supporting documentation, as reasonably requested by Company or its agents in order to cooperate in connection with such claim or investigation . 1 . 4 During the Term, SUPPLIER shall maintain true, accurate and complete books and records, including those : (i) documenting its interactions with any government or its officials or employees relating to its activities in connection with any Clinical Product ; (ii) payments made to any officials or employees of any government or any department, agency or instrumentality thereof ; and (iii) political contributions . SUPPLIER shall also maintain a reasonable system of internal accounting controls sufficient to satisfy the FCPA . 1 . 5 SUPPLIER acknowledges and agrees that any breach of its obligations under this Exhibit C shall be a basis for notification of a material breach of this Agreement. Exhibit C - 3 [[5252615]] 1 . 6 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, a Party may disclose its terms and conditions (including any financial terms) to any governmental authorities in the U . S . or those in a country where it performs activities in connection with any Clinical Product that such Party determines in good faith has a legitimate need for access to such information for purposes of investigating or determining either Party’s compliance with applicable Law . 1 . 7 The Parties acknowledge that certain laws, now or in the future, may require pharmaceutical, medical device and other companies to disclose information on compensation, gifts or other remuneration provided to physicians, institutions, and other health care professionals . Either Party may report information about remuneration provided under this Agreement . Once reported, such information may be publicly accessible . Exhibit D [[5252615]] E xhibit D Policy on Employment of Young People J&J Policy on the Employment of Young Persons This policy applies to the employment of persons under the age of 18 ("young persons") in the manufacture of any product, or any component of a product, by or for Company or any of its Affiliates worldwide. (cid:0) Age, Health & Safety – No person under the age of 16 shall be employed. No person between the ages of 16 and 18 shall be employed unless such employment is in compliance with the health, safety and morals provisions of the International Labour Organization Convention 138 Concerning Minimum Age ("ILO Convention 138"), a summary of which is attached hereto. (cid:0) Hours – No young person shall be required to work more than 48 hours of regularly scheduled time and 12 hours of overtime per week nor more than six days per week. (cid:0) Laws & Regulations – No young person shall be employed unless such employment is in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations concerning age, hours, compensation, health and safety. (cid:0) External Manufacturers – No manufacturer shall be engaged to manufacture any product, or any component of a product, for Company or any of its Affiliates worldwide unless such manufacturer has entered into an enforceable written agreement to comply with this policy, submit to periodic compliance inspections, and maintain the records necessary to demonstrate compliance. If any such manufacturer shall be found to be in breach of such agreement, the manufacturer's engagement shall be terminated. Exhibit E [[5252615]] E xhibit E Johnson & Johnson Policy for Wood Pallets This clause applies to all products and/or materials shipped to Company or its affiliates or authorized locations on wood pallets . Wood pallets must be constructed from lumber sourced from countries that prohibit the treatment of wood with any form of halophenol based chemicals (including but not limited to 2 , 4 , 6 trichlorophenol, 2 , 4 , 6 tribromophenol, any of the tetrachlorophenols, any of the tetrabromophenols and pentachlorophenol) . Wood pallets used must have been heat treated only in accordance with the Heat Treatment standards set forth in International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures Publication No . 15 , 2009 Revision (ISPM 15 ) . Additionally, the sourced lumber or finished pallets shall not be shipped or stored with pallets or materials that may contain the chemicals mentioned above . While ISPM 15 currently provides for the use of Methyl Bromide (MB), the use of pallets fumigated with Methyl Bromide is also prohibited . All wood pallets must be labeled with the HT stamp in accordance with ISPM 15 Annex II . This requirement is effective immediately . Failure to meet the above requirements of this paragraph may lead to rejection of shipments at SUPPLIER’s expense . Exhibit F [[5252615]] E xhibit F Company Records and Information Requirements 1 . 1 Company’s Records and Information . All records and information, in any format, that SUPPLIER receives from, creates, or edits on behalf of Company or Company’s Affiliates will be referred to herein as “ Company Records and Information ” . For the avoidance of doubt, Company Records and Information does not include records and information created by SUPPLIER as part of SUPPLIER’S business processes (e . g . , invoices, internal reports, etc . ) . (a) SUPPLIER shall maintain, manage and protect Company Records and Information pursuant to this Agreement and any applicable Purchase Orders (i) in accordance with Company’s records retention policies and (ii) in accordance with all applicable statutes and regulations . (b) SUPPLIER shall not transfer Company Records and Information to any other entity unless directed by Company . For avoidance of doubt, this means no SUPPLIER employee or contractor may take Company Records and Information with them upon leaving SUPPLIER . (c) SUPPLIER shall maintain and manage Company Records and Information such that Company Records and Information is not commingled with records and information generated, managed or maintained by SUPPLIER under agreements with other customers . (d) SUPPLIER shall retain electronic backups of Company Records and Information (i) for disaster recovery purposes only and (ii) for no longer than 120 days from the creation date . 2. Preservation and Production . SUPPLIER shall comply promptly and fully with any request from Company to preserve Company Records and Information (or parts thereof) . SUPPLIER shall deliver promptly Company Records and Information requested to be searched, retrieved and produced, all as part of the services SUPPLIER provides under this Agreement in accordance with Section 1 . 8 of this Exhibit F . 3. Third Party Requests . Within 48 hours of SUPPLIER receiving from anyone other than Company a request, demand, notice, subpoena, order or other legal request (a “ Third - Party Request ”) for Company Records and Information, SUPPLIER shall notify Company and provide Company with a copy of the Third - Party Request (unless legally prohibited) . SUPPLIER shall confer with Company to identify, document and implement procedures to comply with the request . SUPPLIER shall take all reasonable steps to protect Company’s legal rights when responding to a Third - Party Request . 4. Training . All employees and contractors of SUPPLIER with access to the Johnson & Johnson Enterprise Network (JJNET) shall annually complete Records and Information Management training as specified by Company . Exhibit F [[5252615]] 5. Destruction . SUPPLIER shall not destroy any Company Records and Information without first having received Company’s written confirmation that the Company Records and Information is not subject to any pending preservation obligation or retention requirement . 6. Transfer . When a transfer of Company Records and Information from SUPPLIER is required, SUPPLIER shall (i) transfer Company Records and Information to Company or an entity specified by Company in accordance with Section 1 . 8 of this Exhibit F , (ii) take no action on Company Records and Information until written notification from Company confirming accurate and complete transfer is received, and (iii) if directed by Company to permanently delete transferred Company Records and Information, SUPPLIER shall certify in writing that Company Records and Information has been permanently deleted as specified by Company . 7. Termination . Upon termination of this Agreement and at Company’s direction, SUPPLIER shall (i) transfer Company Records and Information to Company or an entity specified by Company in accordance with Section 1 . 6 of this Exhibit F or (ii) obtain Company’s written approval to destroy Company Records and Information in accordance with Section 1 . 5 of this Exhibit F and (iii) upon completion of the steps directed by Company, certify in writing that SUPPLIER has permanently deleted all Company Records and Information as specified by Company . 8. Format of Company Records and Information . As part of the services SUPPLIER provides under this Agreement, SUPPLIER will meet with Company as reasonably requested to identify, document and implement procedures to deliver to Company or an entity specified by Company, Company Records and Information in the format directed by Company . To meet Company’s records retention and other legal preservation obligations, Company may require SUPPLIER to provide Company Records and Information in a structured format maintaining the relationships that exist in the database underlying SUPPLIER’S application . Exhibit G [[5252615]] E xhibit G New Formulations New formulations are requested to change the bermekimab concentrations to 150 mg/mL and 175 mg/mL. The new formulations may be filled in either vials or pre - filled syringes. There are no changes requested to the excipients. Specifications for the new formulations should meet all specifications as listed in Exhibit B, and adjusted for the concentration as appropriate. Exhibit H [[5252615]] E xhibit H Transition Matters R egulatory (cid:0) All Health Authority interactions and correspondence, IND and IMPD. Health Authorities GMP inspection documentation, if available C ell Line (cid:0) Reports detailing the history of the host CHO cell line, creation of the plasmid DNA construct, generation of the manufacturing cell line, steps taken to assure monoclonality, MCB/WCB testing and results, and any genetic characterization studies performed (cid:0) An aliquot of the plasmid DNA used at transfection and the full nucleotide sequence of the plasmid DNA (gb file) D rug Substance (cid:0) For each unit operation: (cid:0) Summary of purpose for each unit operation (cid:0) Evidence of performance o Impact on quality attributes o Yield (and volumes and concentration used to calculate yields) o Titer o Chromatograms (for purification unit operations) including: ▪ OD ▪ pH ▪ conductivity ▪ pressure drop o UF/DF profile ▪ Pressure profile (inlet, outlet, TMP) ▪ Flow rate profile (feed, cross - flow) ▪ Conductivity, pH (cid:0) Risk assessment of known and plausible failure modes: (cid:0) Potential for failure to achieve purpose of the unit operation (cid:0) Potential for failure resulting in negative impact on drug substance/ drug product quality or stability (cid:0) Intermediate hold times and supporting data (cid:0) Drug substance stability data (cid:0) Virus clearance and inactivation data (cid:0) Limit of in vitro cell age information (cid:0) Details of how LIVCA was performed (cid:0) Genetic stability (cid:0) Virus load (virus - like particle) (cid:0) Samples of process intermediates, drug substance and drug product from across clinical manufacturing history D rug Product Exhibit H [[5252615]] (cid:0) Retains of samples of filled syringes and vials at all concentrations (cid:0) Formulation development reports (cid:0) Process development reports (cid:0) Manufacturing flow diagrams and equipment used for each unit operation. (cid:0) Unit operation process parameters and targets (cid:0) Risk assessments (cid:0) Stability data from GMP and non - GMP fills. (cid:0) Table of GMP lots with genealogy table identifying lot no and corresponding clinical trials that the DP was used for, date of manufacturing, scale of manufacturing. Drug Delivery (cid:0) Syringe selection rational and syringe evaluation and performance data (cid:0) Syringe F/F process (cid:0) Viscosity and glide force data for formulations used in the development and in clinical trials during the PFS stability; Viscosity vs temperature if such data exist (cid:0) Any feasibility report on drug delivery and injection device A nalytical (cid:0) All methods SOPs, validation reports and any development reports for release in process and characterization methods (cid:0) All critical reagents for methods o Inventory of these critical reagents o Qualification reports/protocols for critical reagents (cid:0) Reference standards (current and any past ref std.) with clear inventory of material and clear history of the reference standard program including qualification protocols and reports o The complete history of the reference standard to link potency from the beginning of the program to the current ref std. (cid:0) Inventory and access to sample retains DS and DP both T=0 and stability samples o Samples as requested to cover method bridging and comparability (amounts of each sample TBD). (cid:0) Inventory and access to in process sample retains (cid:0) Method bridging support o Perform testing of appropriate DS and DP batches using Phase 2 methods (cid:0) Regulatory filings (cid:0) Characterization reports for Elucidation of structure (cid:0) Reports on CQAs (cid:0) Reports on extinction coefficient (theoretical and experimental) (cid:0) Stability protocols, reports and results (cid:0) Per Janssen guidance, continuation of ongoing stability plans or closing out or bridge studies execution (cid:0) Specification documents (cid:0) Agency feedback on analytical methods to understand any outstanding commitments (cid:0) Batch history tables to understand what batches were used from GLP Tox to current clinical trials Exhibit H [[5252615]] o Results for all batches and clear understanding of what methods were used to generate these results (cid:0) History of comparability studies with data/reports O ther (cid:0) List of raw materials o CoA of raw materials o Testing strategy of raw materials Exhibit 10.15 [[5258968]] TRANSITION SERVICES AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN JANSSEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, LLC AND XBIOTECH USA, INC. DATED AS OF DECEMBER 30, 2019 [[5258968]] ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS...................................................................................... 1 Section 1.1. D efinitions .............................................................................. 1 Section 1.2. G lossary of Defined Terms ..................................................... 2 ARTICLE II SERVICES............................................................................................ 2 Section 2.1. S ervices .................................................................................. 2 Section 2.2. P erformance of Services .......................................................... 2 Section 2.3. U se of Services ....................................................................... 3 Section 2.4. T ransitional Nature of Services ............................................... 3 Section 2.5. U se of Third Parties to Provide Services ................................. 3 ARTICLE III OTHER ARRANGEMENTS ................................................................ 4 Section 3.1. A ccess .................................................................................... 4 Section 3.2. S eller Manager and Buyer Manager ........................................ 4 ARTICLE IV FEES; TAXES; BOOKS AND RECORDS ........................................... 4 Section 4.1. F ees for Services ..................................................................... 4 Section 4.2. I nvoices .................................................................................. 5 Section 4.3. T axes ...................................................................................... 5 Section 4.4. N o Set - Off .............................................................................. 5 Section 4.5. B ooks and Records; Audit Rights ............................................ 5 ARTICLE V TERM AND TERMINATION .............................................................. 6 Section 5.1. T erm ....................................................................................... 6 Section 5.2. T ermination ............................................................................ 6 Section 5.3. E ffect of Termination .............................................................. 6 - i - [[5258968]] ARTICLE VI CONFIDENTIALITY ........................................................................... 7 Section 6.1. C onfidentiality ........................................................................ 7 ARTICLE VII DISPUTE RESOLUTION..................................................................... 7 Section 7.1. D ispute Resolution; Generally ................................................. 7 Section 7.2. M ediation ................................................................................ 7 Section 7.3. A rbitration .............................................................................. 8 ARTICLE VIII INDEMNIFICATION; NO WARRANTY; SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE ......................................................................................................... 10 Section 8.1. I ncorporation of Purchase Agreement Indemnification P rovisions ............................................................................. 10 Section 8.2. N O WARRANTY ................................................................. 10 Section 8.3. S pecific Performance ............................................................ 10 ARTICLE IX MISCELLANEOUS............................................................................ 10 Section 9.1. L icense to Intellectual Property ............................................. 10 Section 9.2. N otices .................................................................................. 11 Section 9.3. G overning Law ..................................................................... 11 Section 9.4. A ssignment ........................................................................... 11 Section 9.5. R elationship of the Parties ..................................................... 11 Section 9.6. F orce Majeure ....................................................................... 11 Section 9.7. S everability ........................................................................... 12 Section 9.8. W aiver and Non - Exclusion of Remedies ............................... 12 Section 9.9. F urther Assurances ................................................................ 12 Section 9.10. H eadings ............................................................................... 12 Section 9.11. C onstruction ......................................................................... 12 Section 9.12. C ounterparts ......................................................................... 13 - ii - [[5258968]] - iii - Section 9.13. E ntire Agreement; Amendments ........................................... 13 [[5258968]] - iv - E XHIBITS EXHIBIT A – Services EXHIBIT B – Seller Manager and Buyer Manager This TRANSITION SERVICES AGREEMENT (this “ A greement ”), dated as of December 30, 2019, is by and between Janssen Research & Development, LLC, a New Jersey limited liability company (“JRD”), and XBiotech USA, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Service P rovider ”). JRD and Service Provider are sometimes individually referred to herein as a “Party” and are sometimes collectively referred to herein as the “Parties”. R E C I T A L S: WHEREAS, on December 7, 2019, Janssen Biotech, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation (“Buyer”), and XBiotech Inc., a corporation existing under the laws of the Province of British Columbia (“Seller”), entered into that certain Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, Seller agreed to sell, and Buyer agreed to purchase, all of Seller’s and its Affiliates’ right, title and interest in, to and under the Purchased Assets, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein; and WHEREAS, following the Closing, Service Provider desires to provide or make available certain Services (as defined below) to JRD and its Affiliates. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements, provisions and covenants contained in this Agreement and the Purchase Agreement, the Parties hereby agree as follows : ARTICLE I D EFINITIONS Section 1.1. D efinitions . Capitalized terms used and not defined in this Agreement have the meanings assigned to them in the Purchase Agreement. In addition, for the purpose of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below. “Force Majeure Event” means any event beyond the reasonable control of the affected Party, which may include embargoes; war or acts of war, including terrorism; insurrections, riots, or civil unrest; strikes, lockouts or other labor disturbances; epidemics, fire, floods, earthquakes or other acts of nature; acts, omissions or delays in acting by any Governmental Authority (other than delays incident to the ordinary course of drug development); and failure of plant or machinery. “Service Period” means, with respect to any Service, the period commencing on the Closing Date and ending at the close of business on the earlier of (i) the date on which such Service is terminated in accordance with S ection 5.2 and (ii) the date on which all of the Specified Clinical Trials shall have been completed (including any Services which, by their nature, are completed following any Specified Clinical Trials). “Specified Clinical Trials” means the (i) Phase 2(b) clinical trials for the Compound with respect to the treatment of atopic dermatitis and hidradenitis suppurativa and (ii) the investigator - initiated studies for the Compound with respect to the treatment of systemic sclerosis and pancreatic cancer, in each of cases (i) and (ii), that are ongoing as of the date hereof. [[5258968]] Section 1.2. G lossary of Defined Terms . The following terms have the meanings set forth in the Sections set forth below: D efinition “ A g r e e m e n t ” “Buyer” “Buyer Manager” “CPR Mediation Procedure” “CPR Rules” “ D i s pu t e ” “Fees” “JRD” “Party” or “Parties” “Pass - Through Costs” “Protocol” “Purchase Agreement” “Seller” “Seller Manager” “Service Provider” “ S e r v i c e s ” “Term” S ection P r e a m b l e Recitals 3.3(b) 7.2(a) 7.3(a) 7.1 4.1 P r e a m b l e P r e a m b l e 4 . 1 7.3(h) R e c i t a l s R e c i t a l s 3 . 3 (a) P r e a m b l e 2.1 5.1 ARTICLE II S ERVICES Section 2.1. S ervices . Commencing on the Closing Date and for the remainder of the applicable Service Period, Service Provider shall provide, or shall cause one or more of its Affiliates to provide, to JRD and its Affiliates, the services described on E xhibit A (the “Services”). If, during the Term, JRD identifies any service that is not a Service, which was provided by Service Provider or any of its Affiliates to the Business during the Reference Period and which JRD determines in good faith it needs to continue to operate the Business, then JRD may request that Service Provider provide such service, and Service Provider and JRD shall negotiate in good faith to determine whether Service Provider will provide such service. Upon mutual agreement of the Parties, such service will be added to E xhibit A , and will thereafter be considered a “Service” hereunder. Section 2.2. P erformance of Services . (a) Service Provider shall perform, or caused to be performed, all Services in a manner that is substantially similar in nature, frequency and quality to the analogous services provided during the Reference Period by Service Provider and its Affiliates to the Business. Service Provider shall perform its duties and responsibilities hereunder in good faith and in compliance with applicable Law and, in the provision of the Services, shall comply with all applicable clinical trial agreements with respect to the Specified Clinical Trials and shall not deviate from any of the clinical trial protocols applicable to the Specified Clinical Trials or make any material changes to, or material determinations with respect to, the conduct of the Specified - 2 - [[5258968]] - 3 - [[5258968]] Clinical Trials (including with respect to study design, budget or headcount), in each case without the consent of JRD. (b) Each of Service Provider and JRD agrees to cooperate and use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain any necessary third - party consents required for the provision of any Services hereunder. If, with respect to a Service, Service Provider and JRD, despite the use of their respective commercially reasonable efforts, are unable to obtain a required consent or the performance of such Service by Service Provider or its Affiliates would constitute a violation of applicable Laws, Service Provider shall in good faith use its commercially reasonable efforts to devise an alternative arrangement for the provision of such Services (which may include, subject to JRD’s consent, retaining any Contract that would have otherwise been assigned or transferred to Buyer as an Assumed Contract until the expiration or termination of the applicable Service Period). (c) Each Party shall be responsible for its own compliance with any and all Laws applicable to its performance under this Agreement. No Party shall take any action in violation of any such applicable Law that results in Liability being imposed on the other Party. (d) JRD agrees to cooperate in good faith with Service Provider to facilitate the performance of the Services by Service Provider. In furtherance of the foregoing, JRD agrees that Service Provider shall not be deemed to be in breach of its obligations hereunder to the extent a failure to perform such obligations is caused by any failure or delay of JRD or its Affiliates to satisfy its obligations under this Agreement. Neither Service Provider nor any of its Affiliates shall be liable for any action or inaction to the extent taken or omitted to be taken by it pursuant to the instructions received from JRD or its Affiliates. Section 2.3. U se of Services . Service Provider shall be required to provide the Services only to JRD and its Affiliates and only in connection with the conduct by JRD and its Affiliates of the Business. Section 2.4. T ransitional Nature of Services . Each of Service Provider and JRD acknowledges the transitional nature of the Services, and Service Provider agrees to cooperate in good faith with JRD and to use commercially reasonable efforts to effectuate a smooth transition of the Services from Service Provider to JRD (or its designee). Section 2.5. U se of Third Parties to Provide Services . Service Provider may perform its obligations to provide a Service through agents, subcontractors, independent contractors or other Third Parties; p rovided , h owever , that (a) the delegation of performance of the applicable Service does not impact the nature, frequency or quality of such Service and (b) any increased costs resulting from such delegation shall be borne by Service Provider. Nothing in this S ection 2 .5 shall relieve Service Provider of its obligations under this Agreement by use of such agents, subcontractors or independent contractors and a breach of this Agreement by any such agents, subcontractors, independent contractors or other Third Parties shall be deemed to constitute a breach of this Agreement by Service Provider. ARTICLE III O THER ARRANGEMENTS Section 3.1. A ccess . If, in the course of its performance of the Services hereunder, any of Service Provider or its Affiliates or any of their respective Representatives is granted by JRD or any of its Affiliates access to JRD’s or its Affiliates’ locations, systems and information, Service Provider agrees to comply, and cause its Affiliates to comply, in all material respects with JRD’s or its Affiliates’ reasonable policies and to permit its personnel to be appropriately supervised or accompanied during such access as reasonably required by JRD. Section 3.2. S eller Manager and Buyer Manager . (a) During the Term, Service Provider shall designate one employee, who initially shall be the individual identified on E xhibit B , as the individual who shall have overall responsibility for managing and coordinating, as applicable, the provision of the Services (the “Seller Manager”) and who shall coordinate and consult with the Buyer Manager with regard to the Services. Service Provider may, from time to time at its reasonable discretion and upon written notice to JRD, designate other individuals to serve in the capacity of the Seller Manager. (b) During the Term, JRD shall designate one employee, who initially shall be the individual identified on E xhibit B , as the individual who shall have overall responsibility for managing and coordinating, as applicable, the receipt of the Services (the “ B uyer Manager ”) and who shall coordinate and consult with the Seller Manager with regard to the Services. JRD may, from time to time at its reasonable discretion and upon written notice to Service Provider, designate other individuals to serve in the capacity of the Buyer Manager. (c) The Seller Manager and the Buyer Manager shall serve as the respective primary points of contact for Service Provider, JRD and each of their respective Affiliates with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement . ARTICLE IV F EES; TAXES; BOOKS AND RECORDS Section 4.1. F ees for Services . In consideration for all of the Services to be provided hereunder, for each calendar quarter during the Term, JRD shall pay Service Provider a fee for such quarter equal to all Pass - Through Costs (as defined below) incurred by Service Provider during such calendar quarter, p lus a markup of 30% (collectively, the “ F ees ”). For purposes of this Agreement, “Pass - Through Costs” shall mean those reasonable documented amounts and fees paid to study sites and related providers of the Specified Clinical Trials for the conduct of such trials during the applicable Service Periods, together with such expenses reimbursed to such sites and vendors, in each case under the applicable clinical trial or services agreements to the extent related to the conduct of such trials during the applicable Service Periods. For the avoidance of doubt, Pass - Through Costs shall not include any internal costs or expenses of Service Provider or its Affiliates. - 4 - [[5258968]] - 5 - [[5258968]] Section 4.2. I nvoices . Invoices with respect to each calendar quarter (or partial calendar quarter), together with reasonably detailed supporting documentation therefor, shall be provided to JRD within thirty (30) days following the last day of such calendar quarter (or, if earlier, the expiration of the Term). Payment terms will be net thirty (30) days after JRD’s receipt of an undisputed invoice from Service Provider; p rovided , h owever , the actual payment to Service Provider from JRD or its designee will not be made until the next scheduled payment run as set forth at www.ap.jnj.com. JRD may contest any invoice or portion thereof if it reasonably believes that the charges reflected therein are inappropriate or questionable. Once the matter is resolved, JRD shall pay the appropriate charges. Service Provider shall continue to perform its obligations under this Agreement during such dispute. If an invoice is disputed in part, Service Provider may issue a new invoice in compliance with this S ection 4.2 reflecting solely the undisputed charges, and any such invoice shall be payable within thirty (30) days after receipt thereof; p rovided , h owever , the actual payment to Service Provider from JRD or its designee will not be made until the next scheduled payment run as set forth at www.ap.jnj.com. Section 4.3. T axes . JRD shall bear any sales, use, value - added and similar Taxes imposed by any Taxing Authority attributable to the Services provided hereunder. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, JRD and its Affiliates shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from any amount payable pursuant to this Agreement such amounts as JRD believes in good faith are required to be deducted and withheld with respect to the making of such payment under any provision of federal, state or local (in each case, whether domestic or foreign) Tax Law. To the extent that amounts are deducted and withheld and paid over to the appropriate Taxing Authority, such amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the Person in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made. Section 4.4. N o Set - Off . Except as mutually agreed to in writing by Service Provider and JRD, no Party or any of its Affiliates shall have any right of set off or other similar rights with respect to (a) any amounts invoiced or paid pursuant to this Agreement or (b) any other amounts claimed to be owed to the other Party or any of its Affiliates arising out of this Agreement. Section 4.5. B ooks and Records; Audit Rights . Service Provider and its Affiliates shall keep complete and accurate records relating to the Services provided hereunder and the related Fees. JRD shall have the right, not more frequently than once a year, at its own expense, to have an independent, certified public accountant selected by JRD and reasonably acceptable to Service Provider, review any such records of Service Provider and its Affiliates upon thirty (30) days prior written notice and during regular business hours and under obligation of confidence and subject in all cases to any confidentiality obligations Service Provider and its Affiliates have to Third Parties, for the sole purpose of verifying the Fees related to Services performed by or on behalf of Service Provider and its Affiliates under this Agreement. The report of the independent public accountant shall be shared with Service Provider at least fifteen (15) days prior to distribution of the final report to JRD, such that Service Provider can provide the independent public accountant with justifying remarks for inclusion in the report prior to sharing the conclusions of such independent public audit with JRD. The final audit report will be shared with Service Provider and JRD at the same time and specify whether the Fees paid to Service Provider were consistent with Service Provider’s and its Affiliates’ Pass - Through Costs incurred in the performance of Services, or, if inconsistent, the amount of any underpayment or overpayment. If the review of such records reveals an inconsistency, then JRD shall promptly pay to Service Provider any underpaid amounts that should have been invoiced to JRD and Service Provider shall promptly pay to JRD any overpaid amounts that should not have been invoiced to JRD. If any such discrepancies are an overpayment of amounts due under this Agreement greater than ten percent (10%) of the amounts actually due for any prior twelve (12) month period, Service Provider shall pay all reasonable costs incurred in conducting such review. Once JRD has conducted a review and audit of Service Provider in respect of any given period, it may not subsequently re - inspect Service Provider’s or its Affiliates’ records in respect of such period, unless a subsequent audit of a separate reporting period uncovers fraud on the part of Service Provider or its Affiliates that is reasonably expected to have been occurring during the prior audited period. ARTICLE V T ERM AND TERMINATION Section 5.1. T erm . The term of this Agreement (the “Term”) shall commence on the Closing Date and, unless earlier terminated pursuant to S ection 5.2 , shall terminate upon the earlier to occur of: (a) the termination of all Service Periods; or (b) the mutual written agreement of the Parties to terminate this Agreement in its entirety. JRD may request, subject to Service Provider’s consent (not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), to extend the Service Period with respect to any or all of the Services as may be agreed to by the Parties. Section 5.2. T ermination . (a) Subject to S ection 5.3 and without prejudice to JRD’s rights with respect to a Force Majeure Event, JRD may from time to time terminate this Agreement with respect to the entirety of any individual Service or a portion thereof for any reason or no reason, by the giving of written notice to Service Provider of such Service specifying the date such termination shall be effective, which shall in no event be less than thirty (30) days after receipt by Service Provider of such notice. (b) Service Provider may terminate this Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any individual Service or a portion thereof at any time upon written notice to JRD if JRD has failed to perform any of its material obligations under this Agreement, including making payment of Fees for any Service when due (other than amounts under dispute in accordance with S ection 4.2 ), and such failure shall continue uncured for a period of thirty (30) days after receipt by JRD of a written notice of such failure from Service Provider. Section 5.3. E ffect of Termination . Upon the termination of any Service pursuant to this Agreement, Service Provider shall have no further obligation to provide the terminated Service to JRD, and JRD shall have no obligation to pay any future Fees relating to any such Service; p rovided , h owever , that JRD shall remain obligated to Service Provider for the Fees owed and payable in respect of Services provided prior to the effective date of termination for such Service. In connection with the termination of any Service, the provisions of this Agreement not relating solely to such terminated Service shall survive any such termination, and - 6 - [[5258968]] in connection with a termination of this Agreement in its entirety, A rticle I , S ection 4.5 , this A rticle V , A rticle VII and A rticle VIII , all confidentiality obligations under this Agreement (including A rticle VI ) and Liability for all due and unpaid Fees, shall survive such termination. The termination of this Agreement shall not relieve the Parties of any liability or obligation which accrued hereunder prior to the effective date of such termination. ARTICLE VI C ONFIDENTIALITY Section 6.1. C onfidentiality . Service Provider will, and will cause its Affiliates and its and their Representatives, to keep confidential and not disclose to any Person (i) the terms of this Agreement or (ii) any non - public, confidential or proprietary information of JRD or its Affiliates (including information relating to the Business) obtained pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement and to not use any such information other than in furtherance of the performance of the Services. The obligations of Service Provider under this Section 6.1 shall not apply to information to the extent such information (a) becomes generally available to the public without breach of Service Provider's or its Affiliates’ obligations under this Section 6.1 or under the Purchase Agreement or any Related Document or (b) is required to be disclosed by Law or any Order; provided, however, that in the case of the foregoing clause (b), to the extent not prohibited by such Law or Order, Service Provider shall notify JRD as early in advance of such disclosure as is practicable to allow JRD to take appropriate measures (and Service Provider shall reasonably cooperate, at the expense of JRD, in the taking of such measures) to preserve the confidentiality of such information. ARTICLE VII D ISPUTE RESOLUTION Section 7.1. D ispute Resolution; Generally . The Parties recognize that a dispute may arise relating to this Agreement (a “Dispute”). Any Dispute, including Disputes that may involve the parent company, subsidiaries or Affiliates under common control of any Party, shall be resolved in accordance with this A rticle VII ; p rovided that in no event is anything in this A rticle VII intended to limit, or shall be construed to limit, in any manner, the Parties’ rights to seek specific performance pursuant to S ection 8.3 . Section 7.2. M ediation . (a) The Parties shall first attempt in good faith to resolve any Dispute by confidential mediation in accordance with the then current Mediation Procedure of the International Institute for Conflict Prevention and Resolution (“ C PR Mediation Procedure ”) (www.cpradr.org) before initiating arbitration. The CPR Mediation Procedure shall control, except where it conflicts with these provisions, in which case these provisions control. The mediator shall be chosen pursuant to CPR Mediation Procedure. The mediation shall be held in New York, New York. - 7 - [[5258968]] (b) Either Party may initiate mediation by written notice to the other Party of the existence of a Dispute. The Parties agree to select a mediator within twenty (20) days of the notice and the mediation will begin promptly after the selection. The mediation will continue until the mediator, or either Party, declares in writing, no sooner than after the conclusion of one (1) full day of a substantive mediation conference attended on behalf of each Party by a senior business person with authority to resolve the Dispute, that the Dispute cannot be resolved by mediation. In no event, however, shall mediation continue more than sixty (60) days from the initial notice by a Party to initiate mediation unless the Parties agree in writing to extend that period. (c) Any period of limitations that would otherwise expire between the initiation of mediation and its conclusion shall be extended until twenty (20) days after the conclusion of the mediation. Section 7.3. A rbitration . (a) If the Parties fail to resolve the Dispute in mediation, and a Party desires to pursue resolution of the Dispute, the Dispute shall be submitted by either Party for resolution in arbitration pursuant to the then current CPR Non - Administered Arbitration Rules (“CPR R ules ”) (www.cpradr.org), except where they conflict with these provisions, in which case these provisions control. The arbitration will be held in New York, New York. All aspects of the arbitration shall be treated as confidential. (b) The arbitrators will be chosen form the CPR Panel of Distinguished Neutrals, unless a candidate not on such panel is approved by both Parties. Each arbitrator shall be a lawyer with at least fifteen (15) years’ experience with a law firm or corporate law department of over twenty - five (25) lawyers or who was a judge of a court of general jurisdiction. To the extent that the Dispute requires special expertise, the Parties will so inform CPR prior to the beginning of the selection process. (c) The arbitration tribunal shall consist of three (3) arbitrators, of whom each Party shall designate one in accordance with the “screened” appointment procedure provided in CPR Rule 5.4. The chair will be chosen in accordance with CPR Rule 6.4. (d) If, however, the aggregate award sought by the Parties is less than $5 million and equitable relief is not sought, a single arbitrator shall be chosen in accordance with the CPR Rules. (e) Candidates for the arbitrator position(s) may be interviewed by representatives of the Parties in advance of their selection, p rovided that all Parties are represented. (f) The Parties agree to select the arbitrator(s) within forty - five (45) days of initiation of the arbitration. The hearing will be concluded within nine (9) months after selection of the arbitrator(s) and the award will be rendered within sixty (60) days of the conclusion of the hearing, or of any post - hearing briefing, which briefing will be completed by both sides within forty - five (45) days after the conclusion of the hearing. In the event the Parties cannot agree - 8 - [[5258968]] upon a schedule, then the arbitrator(s) shall set the schedule following the time limits set forth above as closely as practical . (g) The hearing will be concluded in ten ( 10 ) hearing days or less . Multiple hearing days will be scheduled consecutively to the greatest extent possible . A transcript of the testimony adduced at the hearing shall be made and shall be made available to each Party . (h) The arbitrator(s) shall be guided, but not bound, by the CPR Protocol on Disclosure of Documents and Presentation of Witnesses in Commercial Arbitration ( w ww . cpradr . org ) (“Protocol”) . The Parties will attempt to agree on modes of document disclosure, electronic discovery, witness presentation, etc . within the parameters of the Protocol . If the Parties cannot agree on discovery and presentation issues, the arbitrator(s) shall decide on presentation modes and provide for discovery within the Protocol, understanding that the Parties contemplate reasonable discovery . (i) The arbitrator(s) shall decide the merits of any Dispute in accordance with the law governing this Agreement, without application of any principle of conflict of laws that would result in reference to a different law. The arbitrator(s) may not apply principles such as “amiable compositeur” or “natural justice and equity.” (j) The arbitrator(s) are expressly empowered to decide dispositive motions in advance of any hearing and shall endeavor to decide such motions as would a United States District Court Judge sitting in the jurisdiction whose substantive law governs. (k) The arbitrator(s) shall render a written opinion stating the reasons upon which the award is based. The Parties consent to the jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the district in which the arbitration is held for the enforcement of these provisions and the entry of judgment on any award rendered hereunder. Should such court for any reason lack jurisdiction, any court with jurisdiction may act in the same fashion. (l) Each Party has the right to seek from the appropriate court provisional remedies such as attachment, preliminary injunction, replevin, etc. to avoid irreparable harm, maintain the status quo, or preserve the subject matter of the Dispute. Rule 14 of the CPR Rules does not apply to this Agreement. (m) EACH PARTY HERETO WAIVES: (1) ITS RIGHT TO TRIAL OF ANY ISSUE BY JURY, (2) WITH THE EXCEPTION OF RELIEF MANDATED BY STATUTE OR RESULTING FROM THE WILLFUL MATERIAL BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT, ANY CLAIM TO PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, MULTIPLIED, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR LOST PROFITS/REVENUES DAMAGES (EXCEPT, IN EACH CASE, TO THE EXTENT AWARDED TO A THIRD PARTY), AND (3) ANY CLAIM FOR ATTORNEY FEES, COSTS AND PREJUDGMENT INTEREST. - 9 - [[5258968]] - 10 - [[5258968]] ARTICLE VIII I NDEMNIFICATION; NO WARRANTY; SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE Section 8.1. I ncorporation of Purchase Agreement Indemnification Provisions . This Agreement shall be deemed to be a “Related Document” for the purposes of A rticle VII of the Purchase Agreement, and A rticle VII of the Purchase Agreement will govern the indemnification obligations of the Parties with respect to any “Losses”, as such term is defined in the Purchase Agreement, arising under this Agreement (including, for the avoidance of doubt, with respect to any “Losses” arising from, relating to or otherwise in connection with any breach of or failure to perform any covenant or agreement of Service Provider or JRD, as applicable, contained in this Agreement). Section 8.2. N O WARRANTY . JRD HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT SERVICE PROVIDER AND ITS AFFILIATES DO NOT ORDINARILY PROVIDE TO THIRD PARTIES SERVICES SUCH AS THE SERVICES AS PART OF THEIR RESPECTIVE BUSINESS ACTIVITIES. JRD ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ALL SERVICES ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” BASIS AND THAT JRD ASSUMES ALL RISK AND LIABILITY ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ITS USE OF AND RELIANCE UPON THE SERVICES. ACCORDINGLY, EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THIS AGREEMENT, NONE OF SERVICE PROVIDER OR ITS AFFILIATES MAKES ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AT LAW OR IN EQUITY, IN CONNECTION WITH OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY OF THE SERVICES. SERVICE PROVIDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL, OR EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF QUALITY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE OR THE NON - INFRINGEMENT OF ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES. Section 8.3. S pecific Performance . The Parties agree that irreparable damage would occur and that the Parties would not have any adequate remedy at law in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the Parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Agreement, this being in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity and as further set forth in A rticle VII . For the avoidance of doubt, this S ection 8.3 shall not restrict any Party from asserting that the terms and provisions of this Agreement have not been breached (or would not be breached) by the actions or omissions (or intended actions or omissions) of such Party. ARTICLE IX M ISCELLANEOUS Section 9.1. L icense to Intellectual Property . JRD shall grant to Service Provider a nonexclusive, worldwide, royalty - free license to use Intellectual Property Rights owned by - 11 - [[5258968]] Service Provider solely for the purpose of, and only to the extent necessary for, providing the Services. Section 9.2. N otices . All notices given by one Party to the other Party under this Agreement will follow the procedures and be delivered to the addresses set forth in S ection 9.2 of the Purchase Agreement. Section 9.3. G overning Law . THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REGARDLESS OF THE LAWS THAT MIGHT OTHERWISE GOVERN UNDER APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS THEREOF. Section 9.4. A ssignment . Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights, interests or obligations hereunder shall be assigned, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of the other Party, and any assignment without such consent shall be null and void, except that JRD may, without the consent of Service Provider, assign any or all of its rights and obligations under this Agreement to any of its Affiliate ( p rovided that JRD shall remain responsible for the performance of such assignee Affiliate). Any successor or assignee of rights and/or obligations permitted hereunder shall, in writing, expressly assume performance of such rights and/or obligations. Section 9.5. R elationship of the Parties . It is expressly agreed that Service Provider, on the one hand, and JRD on the other hand, are independent contractors, and it is further agreed that the Parties fully intend and expect that the relationship between the two Parties shall not constitute a partnership, joint venture or agency. Except as expressly provided herein, neither Service Provider nor JRD shall have the authority to make any statements, representations or commitments of any kind, or to take any action which shall be binding on the other, without the prior written consent of the other Party to do so. All individuals employed by a Party shall be employees of that Party and not of the other Party and all costs and obligations incurred by reason of such employment shall be for the account and expense of such Party. Section 9.6. F orce Majeure . The failure by Service Provider to perform any term hereunder when caused by or resulting from a Force Majeure Event shall not constitute a default or breach under any term of this Agreement; p rovided , h owever , that Service Provider shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to continue to perform its obligations under this Agreement and to minimize the adverse effects arising from any Force Majeure Event. If any such excused delay occurs, the Service Period shall be extended for a period equal to the time lost by reason of the delay unless this Agreement has previously been terminated under A rticle V or under this S ection 9.6 . Service Provider shall, as soon as reasonably practicable after the occurrence of any such event, (a) provide written notice to JRD of the nature and extent of any such Force Majeure Event; and (b) use its commercially reasonable efforts to remove any such causes and resume performance under this Agreement as soon as reasonably practicable unless this Agreement has previously been terminated under A rticle V or under this S ection 9.6 . During the period of a Force Majeure Event, (i) no Fees shall be assessed or otherwise accrue for the duration of such Force Majeure Event to the extent such Fees relate to Services Service Provider is unable to provide as a result of such Force Majeure Event and (ii) JRD shall be entitled to permanently terminate such Service(s) if a Force Majeure Event shall continue to exist for more than thirty - 12 - [[5258968]] (30) consecutive days by delivering written notice of such termination to Service Provider, it being understood that such termination may be effective immediately upon delivery of such written notice. Section 9.7. S everability . If any one or more of the provisions of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken, the provision shall be considered severed from this Agreement and shall not serve to invalidate any remaining provisions hereof. The Parties shall make good faith efforts to replace any invalid or unenforceable provision with a valid and enforceable one such that the objectives contemplated by the Parties when entering this Agreement may be realized. Section 9.8. W aiver and Non - Exclusion of Remedies . Any term or condition of this Agreement may be waived at any time by the Party that is entitled to the benefit thereof, but no such waiver shall be effective unless set forth in a written instrument duly executed by or on behalf of the Party waiving such term or condition. The waiver by either Party of any right hereunder or of the failure to perform or of a breach by the other Party shall not be deemed a waiver of any other right hereunder or of any other breach or failure by such other Party whether of a similar nature or otherwise. The rights and remedies provided herein are cumulative and do not exclude any other right or remedy provided by applicable Law or otherwise available except as expressly set forth herein. Section 9.9. F urther Assurances . Each Party shall duly execute and deliver, or cause to be duly executed and delivered, such further instruments and do and cause to be done such further acts and things, including the filing of such assignments, agreements, documents, and instruments, as may be necessary or as the other Party may reasonably request in connection with this Agreement to carry out more effectively the provisions and purposes hereof. Section 9.10. H eadings . The headings of each Article and Section in this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only and are not intended to limit or expand on the meaning of the language contained in the particular Article or Section. Section 9.11. C onstruction . Whenever this Agreement refers to a number of days without using a term otherwise defined herein, such number refers to calendar days, whether or not “calendar days” is expressly stated. Except where the context otherwise requires, (a) wherever used, the singular shall include the plural, the plural shall include the singular; (b) the use of any gender shall be applicable to all genders; (c) the terms “including,” “include,” “includes” and “for example” shall not limit the generality of any description preceding such term and, as used herein, shall have the same meaning as “including, but not limited to,” and “including, without limitation”; (d) the words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder”, and words of similar import, refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any particular provision hereof; (e) the word “will” means “shall”; (f) if a period of time is specified and dates from a given day or Business Day, or the day or Business Day of an act or event, it is to be calculated exclusive of that day or Business Day; (g) “Dollar”, “USD” or “$” means U.S. Dollars; (h) references to a particular Person include such Person’s successors and assigns to the extent not prohibited by this Agreement; (i) a capitalized term not defined herein but reflecting a different part of speech than a capitalized term which is defined herein shall be interpreted in a correlative manner; (j) any definition of or reference to any agreement, instrument or other document herein shall be - 13 - [[5258968]] construed as referring to such agreement, instrument or other document as from time to time amended, supplemented or otherwise modified (subject to any restrictions on such amendments, supplements or modifications set forth herein); (k) any provision under this Agreement requiring the mutual agreement of the Parties or the consent or approval of a Party shall only be satisfied if made in writing signed by the relevant Party(ies) and (l) if this Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms, the “Term” shall be deemed to end on the effective date of such termination. The language of this Agreement shall be deemed to be the language mutually chosen by the Parties and no rule of strict construction shall be applied against either Party. Each Party represents that it has been represented by legal counsel in connection with this Agreement and acknowledges that it has participated in the drafting hereof. Section 9.12. C ounterparts . This Agreement may be executed in two (2) or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. This Agreement may be executed by .pdf or other electronically transmitted signatures and such signatures shall be deemed to bind each Party as if they were the original signatures. Section 9.13. E ntire Agreement; Amendments . This Agreement, including the Exhibits hereto, sets forth the complete, final and exclusive agreement and all the covenants, promises, agreements, warranties, representations, conditions and understandings between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and understandings between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. In the event of any inconsistency between the body of this Agreement or any Exhibits to this Agreement and the Asset Purchase Agreement or any other Related Document, this Agreement shall govern and control with respect to the provision of Services and the specific subject matter hereof, and the Asset Purchase Agreement and other Related Documents shall govern and control with respect to all other matters. There are no covenants, promises, agreements, warranties, representations, conditions or understandings, either oral or written, between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof other than as are set forth herein and therein. No subsequent alteration, amendment, change or addition to this Agreement shall be binding upon the Parties unless reduced to writing and signed by an authorized officer of each Party. * * * * IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives. JANSSEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, LLC XBIOTECH USA, INC. By: Name: Z> Title: e,r= - o tl£. D . By : _ Name: Title: John Simard Chief Executive Officer [{5258968J) [Signature Page to Transition Services Agreement] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives. JANSSEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, LLC XBIOTECH USA, INC. By : _ Name: Title: [Signature Page to Transition Services Agreement} {[5258968}} [[5262213]] Exhibit A Services 1. Continue to provide bulk drug substance for ongoing investigator initiated studies for systemic sclerosis and pancreatic cancer. 2. Continue the administration of ongoing Phase 2(b) HS & AD clinical trials and provide services as follows: Task Post transfer Responsible (X = XBiotech) (J=Janssen) Comments / Dependencies Clinical Operations Manage protocol deviations/issue escalation and report as needed X, J Janssen to review current process and deviations lists by January 15, 2020. Minimum quarterly meeting with XBiotech for PDs. Write and approve monitoring guidelines/study procedures checklist X, J Follow current monitoring guidelines until Janssen assessment of document completed. Janssen to review and approve/update current guidelines by January 15, 2020. Future versions to be reviewed by Janssen prior to final approval. Write & approve IMP handling manuals (preparation and administration) X, J Current manuals to continue to be followed. Janssen to review and approve/request changes to current version by January 15, 2020. Future final versions to be reviewed/approved by Janssen. Prepare ethics committee submissions and submit to ethics committees X Copies of all submissions to be sent to Janssen for review/approval. Administer IRB/IEC payments X XBiotech to administer payments as such payments become due. Prepare responses to IRB/IEC questions X Janssen to review pior to submission Submit responses to IRB/IEC questions X Janssen copied on all IRB/EC responses Conduct PSV, SIV, MV, COV X On - Site Quality Monitoring Visits and co - monitoring visits by Janssen as needed. Prepare, negotiate, amend and execute existing contracts with sites and vendors until completion of studies X Contracts (including amendments) need to be approved by Janssen Payment to study sites X All Sites will have notification of Janssen ownership. XBiotech to administer payments as such payments become due. [[5262213]] Task Post transfer Responsible (X = XBiotech) (J=Janssen) Comments / Dependencies Payment of Vendors X All vendors will have notification of Janssen ownership. XBiotech to administer payments as such payments become due. Notification of Study end to IRB/EC X Janssen to be provided with the letters of notification upon XBiotech’s receipt for recordkeeping. Management and Oversight of vendors X All vendors will have notification of Janssen ownership. Provide monitoring services X Translations of study documents X Janssen to provide XBiotech feedback if necessary. Newsletters X Janssen to review and approve Maintain Trial Master File (TMF) during study X Janssen to audit TMF files; All files to be sent to Janssen at end of study 1572 J, X Should both now be listed on the 1572 Financial disclosure J, X Both companies should be listed Laboratory Q - Labs X - oversight All vendors will have notification of Janssen ownership. DATA MANAGEMENT Compare, select and develop standards X N/A as eCRF was already developed. Might become applicable if eCRF changes would need to be installed after transfer to Janssen. eCRF design & setup X eCRF already built and in use. QOL questionnaires X User Acceptance Test (UAT) of eCRF X Only applicable if eCRF changes. Janssen to review if updates are made. Data Handling Study Team Agreement (DHSTA=Data Management Plan) X, J XBiotech to draft DHSTA (DMP), Janssen to review and approve. Laboratory transfer specifications X DTAs to be provided to Janssen; Janssen to support future updates of LTS EDC system set up X Provide Janssen Access. Dictionary linking X Janssen to approve dictionaries Coding X Janssen to review and approve [[5262213]] Task Post transfer Responsible (X = XBiotech) (J=Janssen) Comments / Dependencies Production data transfer X, J oversight Transfer will include external data and EDC data. Transfer data per data transfer agreement and upon request X Transfer will include external data and EDC data. DM Study Files (TMF) X Transfer at end of trial Data validation X, J oversight Data validation already completed Medical Writing Prepare, review and approve protocol and protocol amendments J , X Content of protocol amendments need to be approved by Janssen REGULATORY AFFAIRS Sponsorship X*, J *According to the Transfer of Obligations Prepare submission packages (protocols, ICF, IB patient materials etc.) X, J oversight Janssen Template is being drafted for IB Review submission packages X,J oversight IMPD Amendment preparation and review X, J Janssen to submit to IND Notification of study end to Ethics Committees and Health Authorities X - IRB/ECs J – Health Authorities Provide Janssen with copies of notifications for study files; SAFETY Receive Inbound Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) from study sites X,J XBiotech to send SAE cases and Source Documents to GMSO. XBiotech to be trained on Janssen SOPs for SAEs, Pregnancy Reporting and PQCs. Clinical Trial Supplies Package and label Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) X [[5262213]] Task Post transfer Responsible (X = XBiotech) (J=Janssen) Comments / Dependencies IMP storage (bulk supply) X IMP shipment to study site X IMP reconciliation at study sites X Handling of Changes, deviations, CAPA’s, Product Quality Complaints (PQC) and Recalls X, J Janssen to be informed about any PQCs involving supplies. XBiotech to be trained on Janssen PQC and recall process Review and Approve Complaints and recalls X Janssen to review Receive Temperature out of Range (TOR) events from sites X Review and approve/reject TOR events X Overall drug supply management (ensuring supplies for all trials, expiry management, etc.) X Drug destruction at Sites X Drug destruction at Depots X Review major deviations, CAPAs and changes to Drug Substance (DS), Drug Product (DP) and IMP documentation X J Janssen to review [[5262213]] List of Abbreviations: CAPA Corrective and Preventive Actions CDS Clinical Data Support CMO Clinical Manufacturing Organization CMV Clinical Monitoring Visit COV Close Out Visit COS Change of Sponsorship CRA Clinical Research Agreement CRO Contract Research Organization CTA Clinical Trial Application or Clinical Trial Agreement CTSRS Clinical Trial Safety Reporting System DHSTA Data Handling Study Team Agreement = Data Management Plan DM Data Management DOA Delegation of Authority DP Development Plan DS Development Strategy DSUR Development Safety Update Report ECG Electrocardiogram eCRF Electronic Case Report Form eCTD Electronic Common Technical Document GCO Global Clinical Operations IB Investigator Brochure IDMC Independent Data Monitoring Committee IEC Independent Ethics Committee [[5262213]] IMP Investigational Medicinal Product IND Investigational New Drug IRB Institutional Review Board JCI Janssen - Cilag International OSQMV On - Site Quality Monitoring Visits PSV Pre - Study Visit QA Quality Assurance QOL Quality Of Life QP Qualified Person SAE Serious Adverse Event SIV Site Initiation Visit SMT Safety Management Team SOP Standard Operating Procedure SUSAR Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reaction TLF Tables listings and figures WI Work Instruction [[5258968]] B - 1 Exhibit B Buyer Manager and Seller Manager B uyer Manager: Kathleen Long S eller Manager: Ashley Otero Name XBiotech USA, Inc. (Delaware) XBiotech Switzerland AG XBiotech Japan K.K. XBiotech Germany GmbH LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES Country United States Switzerland Japan Germany Exhibit 21.1 We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (1) (2) (3) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-213218) of XBiotech Inc., Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-231849) of XBiotech Inc., and Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-207476) pertaining to the 2005 Incentive Stock Option Plan and 2015 Equity Incentive Plan of XBiotech Inc.; of our report dated March 16, 2020, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of XBiotech Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of XBiotech Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2019. Exhibit 23.1 /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Austin, Texas March 16, 2020 Exhibit 31.1 I, John Simard, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-K of XBiotech Inc.; CERTIFICATIONS 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 16, 2020 /S/ John Simard John Simard Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer) Exhibit 31.2 I, Queena Han, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-K of XBiotech Inc.; CERTIFICATIONS 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 16, 2020 /S/ Queena Han Queena Han Vice President, Finance and Human Resources and Secretary (Principal Financial Officer) CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of XBiotech Inc. on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John Simard, Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of XBiotech Inc. Exhibit 32.1 /S/ JOHN SIMARD John Simard Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer) Date: March 16, 2020 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of XBiotech Inc. on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Queena Han, Vice President of Finance, Human Resources and Secretary of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of XBiotech Inc. Exhibit 32.2 /S/ QUEENA HAN Queena Han Vice President, Finance and Human Resources and Secretary (Principal Financial Officer) Date: March 16, 2020 

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