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Zeta Resources Limited

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FY2018 Annual Report · Zeta Resources Limited
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2018 

ANNUAL REPORT

Zeta Resources Limited  
is a resource-focused
investment holding 
company whose aim is to 
maximise total returns for 
shareholders by identifying 
and investing in resource 
assets and companies 
where the underlying  
value is not reflected in  
the market price. 

CONTENTS

ZETA RESOURCES LIMITED

2 
3 
4 
5	
6 

Nature of the Company and Financial Calendar
Geographical Investment Exposure
Group Performance Summary
Significant	Investment	Holdings
Chairman’s Statement

INVESTMENTS

8 
Investment Manager’s Report
13	 Macro	Trends	Affecting	Resources
14  Sector Summaries
17 
18 
20  Geographical and Sector Split of Investments
21	 Five	Largest	Holdings
22	 Review	of	the	Five	Largest	Holdings

ICM Investment Philosophy
Investment Manager and Team

GOVERNANCE

26  Directors
27  Report of the Directors
32  Corporate Governance Statement
33  Additional ASX Information

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

36 
Independent Auditor’s Report
40  Auditor’s Independence Declaration
41  Financial Statements
45  Notes to the Financial Statements

COMPANY INFORMATION

Image Acknowledgement – page 3 image supplied courtesy 

of CSIRO ScienceImage

1

 
 
 
 
 
ZETA RESOURCES LIMITED

NATURE OF THE COMPANY

GEOGRAPHICAL	INVESTMENT	EXPOSURE

Zeta Resources Limited (“Zeta”) is a closed-end investment company, whose ordinary shares are listed on the Australian 

Stock Exchange (“ASX”). The business of the company consists of investing the pooled funds of its shareholders in 

accordance  with  its  investment  objective  and  policy,  with  the  aim  of  generating  a  return  for  shareholders  with  an 

acceptable level of risk. The company has borrowings (“gearing”), the proceeds from which can also be invested with 

the aim of enhancing returns to shareholders. This gearing increases the potential risk to shareholders should the 

value of the investments fall.

The company has contracted with an external investment manager, ICM Limited (the “Investment Manager” or “ICM”), 

to manage its investments and undertake the company secretarial function. The company’s general administration is 

undertaken by ICM Corporate Services (Pty) Ltd. The company has a board of non-executive directors who oversee 

and monitor the activities of the Investment Manager and the other service providers and ensure that the investment 

policy is adhered to.

CANADA

Value US$ 

$15.0m

% Total Investments 

9.1%

MALI

Value US$ 

$13.5m

% Total Investments 

8.2%

SRI LANKA

Value US$ 

$2.0m

% Total Investments 

1.3%

FINANCIAL CALENDAR

Year End

30 June

Annual General Meeting

5 November 2018

Half	Year

31 December

Half	Year	December	2018	Announcement

February 2019

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This	annual	report	may	contain	“forward-looking	statements”	with	respect	to	the	financial	condition,	results	of	operations	and	business	of	the	company.	
Such	statements	involve	risk	and	uncertainty	because	they	relate	to	future	events	and	circumstances	that	could	cause	actual	results	to	differ	materially	
from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on the directors’ current view and on 
information	known	to	them	at	the	date	of	this	report.	Nothing	in	this	publication	should	be	construed	as	a	profit	forecast.

Potential investors are reminded that the value of investments and the income from them may go down as well as up and investors may not receive 
back the full amount invested.

OTHER

Value US$ 

$6.7m

% Total Investments 

4.0%

AUSTRALIA

Value US$ 

$109.6m

% Total Investments 

66.6%

2

3

GUINEA

Value US$ 

$17.8m

% Total Investments 

10.8%

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018HEADINGGROUP PERFORMANCE SUMMARY

30 JUNE  
2018

30 JUNE  
2017

CHANGE %  
2018/17

SIGNIFICANT	INVESTMENT	HOLDINGS	
AS AT 30 JUNE 2018

Total return(1) (annual) (%)

Net tangible asset per ordinary share(2) (Australian cents)

Ordinary share price (Australian cents)

Premium/(Discount) (%)

Profit/(loss)	per	ordinary	share (3) (US dollars)

Dividends per ordinary share

Equity holders' funds (US$m)

Gross assets(4) (US$m)

Cash (US$m)

Other debt (US$m)

Net debt (US$m)

Net debt gearing on gross assets (%)

56.9

57.9

40.5

(30.1)

0.15

Nil

123.9

163.2

0.3

(39.4)

(39.1)

24.0

19.8

36.9

37.0

0.3

0.06

Nil

53.0

80.6

0.0

(27.6)

(27.6)

34.2

187.4

56.9

9.5

10,133.3

150.0

n/a

133.8

102.5

1,714.3

42.8

41.7

n/a

(1) 

Total return is calculated based on NTA per share return plus dividends reinvested from the payment date.

(2) 

The NTA is calculated based on 288,521,024 shares in issue.

(3) 

Earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.

(4)  Gross assets less liabilities excluding loans.

n/a = not applicable

Nickel/Cobalt

Gold

resources

Panoramic Resources 
Limited

GME Resources 
Limited

Resolute Mining 
Limited

Bligh Resources 
Limited

Nickel

Nickel & Gold

Gold

Gold

West Australian 
nickel company

Over 300,000 tonnes  
of nickel resources

ASX-listed junior 
nickel and gold 
explorer

Substantial nickel 
resources in Western 
Australia

ASX-listed mid-cost 
gold producer

ASX-listed junior  
gold explorer

Producing mines 
in Mali and 
Queensland, 
Australia

Substantial identified 
gold resource in 
Western Australia

Copper

Oil & Gas

Graphite

Bauxite

Copper Mountain  
Mining Corporation

Seacrest L.P.

Margosa Graphite 
Limited

Alliance Mining 
Commodities Limited

Copper

Oil & Gas

Graphite

Bauxite

TSX/ASX-listed  
copper producer

Global exploration 
firm

Unlisted graphite 
explorer

 Recently acquired 
Australian junior 
copper firm Altona 
Mining

Widely diversified 
portfolio of 
exploration interests

Focused on high 
grade vein graphite 
in Sri Lanka

Unlisted bauxite 
development 
company

World class bauxite 
asset in Guinea,  
West Africa

4

5

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018 
Battery metals 
and related 
commodities 
make up 
the largest 
component in 
Zeta’s portfolio

CHAIRMAN’S	STATEMENT

I’m pleased to report that Zeta has had a very successful and active year, in the context of an 
upturn	in	commodity	prices	generally.	Zeta	has	achieved	a	profit	of	US$31.2	million,	and	the	
net asset value per share has grown by 57%.

The	 composition	 of	 Zeta’s	 portfolio	 has	 changed	 significantly	 over	 the	 year,	 which	 requires	
some explanation.

The transaction in May 2018 to acquire Axelrock Limited, increased our portfolio size and equity 
base	by	nearly	50%.	This	acquisition	significantly	increased	Zeta’s	holdings	in	GME	Resources	
Limited, Seacrest L.P., and Alliance Mining Commodities Limited (“AMC”) and increased Zeta’s 
weightings in nickel and cobalt, oil and gas, and bauxite, respectively.

Our holding in AMC and its Tier 1 Koumbia Bauxite Project development has opened up a new 
commodity position connecting us to growth in the aluminium markets. 

As	I	noted	in	last	year’s	annual	report,	in	April	2017	Zeta	launched	a	takeover	offer	for	Bligh	
Resources Limited (“Bligh”). This was completed in July 2017, resulting in Zeta owning an 86% 
stake  in  Bligh.  Subsequent  drilling  at  Bligh’s  Bundara  Gold  Project  has  delivered  a  material 
increase in the gold resource base. 

Following	the	sale	of	its	main	assets,	the	scheme	of	arrangement	to	consolidate	Pan	Pacific	
Petroleum NL (“PPP”) was completed in November, and I welcome PPP shareholders in Zeta 
who elected to receive new Zeta shares in exchange for their PPP shares.

In	August	2017,	Zeta	launched	a	partial	takeover	offer	pursuant	to	the	New	Zealand	Takeovers	
Code, to acquire 50.01% of the shares in New Zealand Oil & Gas Limited (“NZOG”). Subsequently, 
a	competing	cash	offer	was	launched	at	a	significant	premium	to	our	offer	by	O.G.	Oil	&	Gas	
(Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (“OGOG”), part of the Ofer Group, and Zeta sold the majority of its holding 
in NZOG to OGOG. As a result of this and asset sales associated with PPP, the weighting of oil 
and gas in Zeta’s portfolio has declined.

Our holding in Toronto listed copper producer Copper Mountain Mining Corporation (“Copper 
Mountain”) has increased to over 10% following Zeta’s acceptance of Copper Mountain’s scrip 
takeover bid for our substantial shareholding in Altona Resources Limited.

We have also become a substantial shareholder in private company Margosa Graphite Limited 
which is advancing high grade vein graphite resources in Sri Lanka. 

The adoption of electric vehicles and a focus on batteries has continued to attract attention. 
Battery metals and related commodities make up the largest component in Zeta’s portfolio 
with  positions  in  nickel,  cobalt,  copper  and  graphite  now  making  up  64%  of  gross  assets. 
Recently, commodity prices have receded somewhat from their gains of the last two years, 
and risks to the health of the global economy are increasing. In particular, rising US interest 
rates	and	the	threat	of	trade	conflicts	are	the	greatest	risks	to	economic	growth	and	demand	
for commodities. We believe Zeta is relatively well placed, but we will continue to be active in 
pursuing value both within our existing investments and elsewhere.

Peter Sullivan 
Chairman 
5 September 2018 

6

INVESTMENTS

IN THIS SECTION:

8 

Investment Manager’s Report

13  Macro Trends Affecting Resources

14  Sector Summaries

17 

18 

ICM Investment Philosophy

Investment Manager and Team

20  Geographical and Sector Split of Investments

21  Five Largest Holdings

22  Review of the Five Largest Holdings

7

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018INVESTMENT	MANAGER’S	REPORT

For the two years prior to this year, commodity markets were in general up and down during the year, ending each 
year	 slightly	 higher	 than	 where	 they	 started.	 The	 year	 ended	 June	 2018	 is	 somewhat	 different,	 in	 that	 other	 than	
gold,  the  major  commodities  spent  most  of  the  year  increasing  in  price.  That  bull  run  has  paused  in  the  wake  of 
concerns	over	the	global	economy,	which	stems	from	three	factors:	firstly,	interest	rates	are	rising	and	expected	to	
rise further as the US unwinds its quantitative easing; secondly, there are doubts about China’s ability to keep growing 
at the same rate as it has; and thirdly, international trade is threatened by a more aggressive US administration. A 
secondary factor is a strong US dollar, which is bolstered by the expectation of interest rate rises. Another factor is 
the impact of higher energy prices, increasing the cost of production of many commodities.

While commodities in general rose in price, some rose more strongly than others, with big rises in nickel and oil prices, 
and	more	muted	rises	in	copper	and	aluminium.	Gold	was	basically	flat.	As	a	leveraged	fund	with	a	high	weighting	in	
nickel, Zeta outperformed the average increase in commodity price. During the year under review, Zeta’s net assets 
per share rose from A$0.369 to A$0.579, a rise of 56.9%. For comparison, the S&P/ASX 200 Energy index rose 38.2% 
over the same period, and the S&P/ASX 300 Metals & Mining index, which includes gold mining stocks, rose 34.4%. 
Zeta’s share price only rose 9.5% to A$0.41. At the start of the period the share price was at a 0.3% premium to net 
assets; at the end of the period the share price was at a 30.1% discount to net assets.

TOTAL RETURN COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE*
since inception on 12 June 2013 to 30 June 2018

180.0

160.0

140.0

120.0

100.0

80.0

60.0

40.0

20.0

Jun 13

Dec 13

Jun 14

Dec 14

Jun 15

Dec 15

Jun 16

Dec 16

Jun 17

Dec 17

Jun  18

   Zeta Share Price

   S&P/ASX 200 Energy

   S&P/ASX 300 Metals & Mining

*AUD, rebased to 100 as at 12 June 2013. Zeta NTA adjusted for February 2014 entitlement issue.

Source: ICM and S&P Dow Jones Indices

COMMODITY MARKETS

As	noted,	the	year	under	review	saw	significant	increases	in	the	prices	of	nickel	and	oil,	and	more	modest	rises	in	the	

prices	of	copper	and	aluminium;	gold	was	flat.

Nickel 

Nickel prices have enjoyed a steady uplift in prices during the year, with demand increasing for use in electric batteries, 

and global inventories decreasing. For the twelve months ended June 2018, the price of nickel rose 58.4% to US$6.67 

per pound. The price remains volatile, and since year end has shown weakness along with most major commodities.

Zeta’s	chief	investment	in	the	nickel	sector	is	Panoramic	Resources	Limited,	and	Zeta	has	a	smaller,	but	still	significant	
investment  in  GME  Resources  Limited  (“GME”).  During  the  year,  Panoramic’s  two  nickel  mines  in  Western  Australia, 

Savannah	and	Lanfranchi,	remained	on	care	and	maintenance.	However,	Panoramic	has	subsequently	announced	the	

commencement of work to reopen Savannah, with production targeted to resume in Q1 2019. Behind this has been a 

sustained uplift in nickel prices, particularly in Australian dollar terms. Panoramic also recently announced the sale of 

Lanfranchi stating that it would use the sale proceeds to concentrate on the resumption of mining at Savannah.

Also after year end, GME released its preliminary feasibility study for the NiWest nickel-cobalt project. The company 

released	 its	 maiden	 reserves,	 and	 the	 study	 shows	 a	 significant	 nickel-cobalt	 asset,	 which	 when	 developed,	 would	

have an initial mine life of 27 years.

Gold

The	price	of	gold	did	not	change	significantly	over	the	course	of	the	year,	starting	off	well,	but	eventually	drifting	back	

to be almost where it started. At the end of June 2017, gold was US$1,241 per ounce; at the end of June 2018 the 

gold price was US$1,250 per ounce.

Leading up to the GFC, and especially thereafter, gold prices rose in response to a period of “cheap money”. With the 

US	Federal	Reserve	finally	finding	a	way	to	unwind	quantitative	easing	without	causing	undue	volatility	in	bond	and	

equity markets, the period of cheap money appears to be over, and the price of gold has declined. Another reason 

for recent weakness in the gold price has been the strong US dollar, which has tempered natural demand for the 

precious metal from non-US investors. Zeta’s investment in Resolute Mining Limited started the year with a share 

price	of	A$1.19,	and	finished	the	year	with	a	share	price	of	A$1.275,	up	7.1%.

NICKEL PRICE
from June 2016 to July 2018

GOLD PRICE
from June 2016 to July 2018

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2,000

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

Jun 16

Dec 16

Jun 17

Dec 17

Jun 18

Jun 16

Dec 16

Jun 17

Dec 17

Jun 18

   US$/lb

   A$/lb

   Spot Price US$

   Spot Price A$

Source: LME

Source: Kitco - London PM Fix

8

9

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018INVESTMENT	MANAGER’S	REPORT
(continued)

Copper

Last	 year’s	 rise	 in	 copper	 prices	 was	 the	 first	 increase	 since	 seven	 years	 before	 then.	 This	 year	 showed	 another	

increase, albeit not as much as last year, and with a fall at the end. At the start of the year, copper was US$2.68 per 

pound, and by the end of the year it was US$3.02 per pound, an increase of 12.7%. Since year end, copper prices 

have declined in line with decreases in the prices of other industrial commodities, as investors have been concerned 

about industrial demand weakening in the wake of a slowing Chinese economy and trade wars. During the year under 

review,  Zeta  has  increased  its  holding  in  copper  from  3%  of  its  portfolio  to  11%.  The  largest  holding  is  Canadian 

copper	 firm	 Copper	 Mountain	 Mining	 Corporation,	 which	 produces	 copper	 in	 British	 Columbia,	 and	 has	 recently	

bought a copper development project in Queensland, Australia.

COPPER PRICE
from June 2016 to July 2018

BRENT CRUDE OIL PRICE
from June 2016 to July 2018

5.00

4.50

4.00

3.50

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

Jun 16

Dec 16

Jun 17

Dec 17

Jun 18

   US$/lb

   A$/lb

Source: LME

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

Jun 16

Dec 16

Jun 17

Dec 17

Jun 18

   US$/bbl

   A$/bbl

Source: US Energy Information Administration

Oil & Gas

At	the	start	of	the	year	under	review,	the	Brent	Crude	Oil	price	was	US$48/bbl,	having	been	relatively	flat	over	the	

previous	 year.	 By	 the	 end	 of	 June	 2018	 the	 price	 of	 Brent	 was	 US$78/bbl,	 a	 rise	 of	 61.8%.	 Various	 factors	 have	

contributed	to	the	rise,	the	most	significant	of	which	has	been	a	sustained	programme	of	production	cuts	by	major	

oil-producing  countries,  led  by  Saudi  Arabia  and  Russia.  Other  contributing  factors  have  been  President  Trump’s 

decision	to	withdraw	the	United	States	from	its	deal	with	Iran,	and	political	and	economic	chaos	in	Venezuela.

During the year, Zeta sold the majority of its largest investment in oil & gas, New Zealand Oil & Gas Limited, which 

was	subject	to	a	partial	takeover	offer	by	O.G.	Oil	&	Gas	(Singapore)	Pte.	Ltd,	part	of	the	Ofer	Group.	Subsequent	

to	the	takeover,	the	New	Zealand	government	announced	a	ban	on	new	offshore	exploration	permits	being	issued	

after this year, a reminder that even developed nations have political risk when it comes to mining, in this case due 

to concerns about global warming.

Zeta’s	largest	remaining	investment	in	oil	&	gas	is	in	the	seismic	exploration	firm	Seacrest	L.P.,	which	is	unlisted.

Aluminium

Aluminium  prices  rose  for  the  second  year  in  a  row.  At 

the start of the year, aluminium was US$0.87 per pound; 

by the end of the year it was US$0.99 per pound, a rise of 

13.9%. Aluminium prices have been boosted by moves in 

2017 by the Chinese government to reduce production 

during	winter	in	large	cities,	and	shut	down	refiners	with	

poor  environmental  performance.  Outside  of  China, 

increased  costs  of  production  and  increasing  demand, 

particularly  in  Europe,  both  contributed  to  increasing 

aluminium prices.

During	the	year,	Zeta	significantly	increased	its	holding	in	

unlisted bauxite developer Alliance Mining Commodities 

Limited. AMC owns a world-class bauxite asset in Guinea.

ALUMINIUM PRICE
from June 2016 to July 2018

1.50

1.00

0.50

Jun 16

Dec 16

Jun 17

Dec 17

Jun 18

   US$/lb

   A$/lb

Source: LME

CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Zeta is a closed-end investment company, listed on the ASX, and incorporated in Bermuda.

During the year Zeta has had working capital support from its parent company, UIL Limited (“UIL”). As of 30 June 2018, 

Zeta had a loan from UIL totalling US$30.2 million, drawn in Australian dollars and Canadian dollars.

As	 at	 30	 June	 2018,	 Zeta	 had	 gross	 assets	 of	 US$164.9	 million	 (2017:	 US$80.9	 million).	 Of	 this	 figure,	 $6.3	 million	

(2017: $30.4 million) was invested in the oil & gas sector; $103.9 million (2017: $24.1 million) was invested in the nickel 

and copper sectors; $30.7 million (2017: $26.4 million) was invested in the gold sector; and US$17.8 million (2017: 

US$0.41 million) was invested in the bauxite sector.

NTA PER SHARE VERSUS SHARE PRICE
since inception on 12 June 2013 to June 2018 

1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00

)
$
A

(
e
r
a
h
s

r
e
p
A
T
N

1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00

)
$
A

(
e
c
i
r
p
e
r
a
h
S

Jun 13

Dec 13

Jun 14

Dec 14

Jun 15

Dec 15

Jun 16

Dec 16

Jun 17

Dec 17

Jun 18

   Listed

   Unlisted

   Closing Share Price

Source: ICM

10

11

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018 
 
 
 
 
INVESTMENT	MANAGER’S	REPORT
(continued)

MACRO TRENDS AFFECTING RESOURCES

FINANCIAL RESULTS

E-VEHICLES

The	net	profit	after	tax	for	the	year	was	US$31,215,839	against	a	profit	of	US$10,277,906	in	the	year	ended	June	2017. 

The	majority	of	the	net	profit	was	comprised	of	unrealised	gains	from	investments.

SIGNIFICANT INVESTMENTS

The	five	largest	investments	held	by	Zeta	are	considered	in	greater	detail	in	their	own	section	later	in	this	annual	report. 

The	remaining	significant	investments	are	as	follows.

Bligh

Bligh  Resources  is  a  small  Australian  gold  explorer  that  owns  the  Bundarra  Gold  Project,  which  lies  within  the 

Norseman-Wiluna greenstone belt of the Archean Yilgarn Craton, approximately 60km north of Leonora in the Eastern 

Goldfields	region	of	Western	Australia.	The	company	also	has	prospecting	licenses	for	gold	in	Western	Australia	and	

manganese in the Northern Territory.

During the year, Bligh has worked to prove up the resource at Bundarra. Results of exploration drilling to date have 

been pleasing, and follow-up drilling is imminent.

Kumarina

Kumarina Resources Pty Limited (“Kumarina”) is a 100%-owned subsidiary of Zeta. The company is focused on two 

prospective  projects  in  Western  Australia,  being  the  Ilgarari  copper  project  and  the  Murrin  Murrin  copper-gold 

project.  The  Ilgarari  project  contains  a  secondary  copper  oxide  resource  (JORC  2004)  estimated  to  be  1,100,000 

tonnes  averaging  1.9%  copper  located  around  and  below  historical  mine  workings.  The  Murrin  Murrin  project  is 

prospective	for	gold	and	base	metals	in	the	form	VMS	style	copper	zinc	mineralisation.

Seacrest

Seacrest	 is	 a	 specialist	 oil	 &	 gas	 offshore	 seismic	 exploration	 company.	 Seacrest	 amassed	 a	 significant	 number	 of	
geographically	diversified	interests	in	joint	venture	licenses	for	offshore	oil	exploration,	but	suffered	a	loss	in	value	
in	the	wake	of	the	significant	fall	in	the	price	of	oil	and	a	number	of	disappointing	drilling	results.	With	the	recent	rise	
in oil prices, interest in Seacrest’s areas of operation is increasing, and the chances of exploration success are rising 
with the likelihood of more drilling in the joint ventures that Seacrest is invested in.

Margosa Graphite

Margosa Graphite Limited is an unlisted junior explorer focused on Sri Lankan crystalline vein graphite, the purest 
naturally occurring graphite. Sri Lanka has historically been one of the world’s largest suppliers of high quality graphite.

RENEWABLES

CHINA URBANISATION

GLOBAL DEBT

•  Nearing tipping point where all factors for growth in place

•  EVs	use	more	commodities	such	as	nickel	and	copper	than	traditional	vehicles

•  Spike in demand for lithium and cobalt

• 

Increased	demand	for	flake	and	vein	graphite

•  Consumer pull and government push for renewables

•  Price of solar continues to reduce

•  Tesla	showing	the	way	with	trifecta	of	solar	roof	panels,	home	battery	and	EV, 	

but yet to reach tipping point

•  Low price of natural gas reducing carbon footprint and industrial demand for 

renewables

•  Central government spending on new cities helps manage GDP growth

•  Smooths cycles and sustains demand for industrial commodities

•  Long term growth in question as Chinese population ages

•  Government	committed	to	renewables	and	EVs

•  Pollution	reduction	targets	reducing	obsolescent	refineries	and	reducing 	

production of certain commodities, e.g. aluminium

•  Unprecedented increase in global government debt on a relative basis

•  The US leading the way with unwinding of Federal Reserve balance sheet

•  Recent past has shown a readiness to retreat easily on market corrections

•  Risk to global economy, and thus demand for industrial commodities

Margosa	 is	 utilising	 modern	 exploration	 technology	 in	 brownfield	 areas,	 with	 the	 aim	 of	 identifying	 a	 substantial	
resource ahead of development and eventual production.

TRADE CONFLICTS

JDF Morrison 

ICM Limited 

Investment Manager 

5 September 2018

12

•  Shift in policy by US administration from promoting stability through free trade 

to promoting self interest

•  Old agreements such as NAFTA being renegotiated

•  First	shots	of	a	potential	trade	war	fired	by	the	US,	with	retaliatory	tariffs	by	

targeted nations 

•  Tariffs	can	provide	short	term	benefits	to	some	commodity	producers,	while	

hurting others

•  Overall impact of decreased trade is negative for demand and hence 

commodity prices

13

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018SECTOR SUMMARIES

GOLD

79

AuGold 

196.967

NICKEL

28

NiNickel 

58.693

Overview
•  Precious metal, prized for its rarity and relative lack of chemical reactivity

•  Gold occurs naturally in only a single isotope

•  Historic	demand	has	been	50%	jewellery;	40%	investment;	10%	industrial

•  Diversified	sources	of	production

•  Largest producers China, Australia, Russia

Macro trends
•  Hedge	to	US	dollar	which	has	declined	long	term	against	gold

•  The end of quantitative easing means a shift away from gold by investors who used it as a 

hedge against cheap currency

•  Gold production has been in a long-term uptrend since record-keeping commenced

•  Demand for jewellery dominated by China and India; US a distant third

Exposure
•  3% of Resolute Mining (ASX:RSG) – operating mines in Mali and Queensland, Australia

•  89%	of	Bligh	Resources	(ASX:BGH)	–	development	project	in	Western	Australia

•  20%	of	Horizon	Gold	(ASX:HRN)	–	exploration	and	development	in	Western	Australia

•  100% of Kumarina (unlisted) – exploration and development in Western Australia

Overview
•  Industrial metal used primarily in stainless steel

•  Other uses include electroplating, alloy steel, and in cathodes for electric batteries

•  Diversified	sources	of	production

•  Largest producers Philippines, Russia, Canada, Australia, New Caledonia, Indonesia

Macro trends
•  Prices moving up in anticipation of additional demand for nickel for lithium-ion 

•  Global nickel inventories at three-year lows and falling

•  Industrial	demand	still	influenced	by	strength	of	Chinese	economy

Exposure
•  30% of Panoramic Resources (ASX:PAN) – restarting one of its two nickel mines in Western 

Australia

•  42% of GME Resources (ASX:GME) – owns development project in Western Australia

COPPER

29

CuCopper 

63.546

OIL & GAS

Overview
•  Industrial metal used primarily in electrical wiring

•  Other	uses	are	roofing	and	plumbing;	industrial	machinery;	and	in	alloys

•  Occurs	naturally	in	a	form	that	requires	relatively	little	refining

•  Diversified	production,	but	Chile	by	far	the	largest	producer	with	China	a	distant	second

Macro trends
•  Annual	production	has	been	increasing	for	over	fifty	years,	but	sharp	uptick	in	late	1990s

•  Prices relatively volatile, generally tied to world economy, but also in a downtrend from mid-

2011 through mid-2016

•  Increasing  demand  from  wiring  for  electric  vehicles,  but  price  still  dominated  by  industrial 

demand or lack thereof

Exposure
•  11% of Copper Mountain Mining (TSX:CMMC, ASX:C6C) – producing copper in Canada, and 

developing a copper asset in Australia

•  100%	of	Kumarina	(unlisted)	-	junior	copper-gold	exploration	firm	in	Western	Australia

Overview
•  Oil	is	a	fossil	petroleum	liquid	whose	primary	use	is	fuel;	around	80%	of	oil	is	refined	into	
gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, with the remaining 20% supplying various products including 
lubricants, asphalt, and petrochemicals

•  Natural  gas  is  a  petroleum  gas  whose  primary  uses  are  heating,  electricity  generation,  

and feedstock for petrochemicals

•  Globally diverse sources of production and demand
•  Largest producers of oil are Saudi Arabia, Russia and the US; largest producers of gas are 

the US and Russia, with Iran a distant third

Macro trends
•  “Peak  oil”  has  been  discussed  for  decades,  but  long-term  trend  of  annual  growth  in 

production is still intact

•  Annual growth in demand has followed a linear trend in line with world population growth
•  Lower  prices  has  meant  global  expenditures  on  oil  &  gas  exploration  have  been  falling 

since 2014

•  Fraccing has moved the US into the number one position in gas production; fraccing has 

had less success in other countries

Exposure
•  41%	of	Seacrest	(unlisted)	–	globally	diversified	seismic	oil	&	gas	exploration

14

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Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018SECTOR SUMMARIES
(continued)

ICM	INVESTMENT	PHILOSOPHY

BAUXITE

13

AI

Aluminium 
26.982

GRAPHITE

6

CCarbon 

12.011

Overview
•  Aluminium is the most widely used metal after iron; its primary usage is in alloys where its 

light weight is preferred

•  Bauxite	 is	 the	 primary	 ore	 from	 which	 aluminium	 is	 extracted;	 the	 ore	 must	 first	 be	
chemically  processed  to  produce  alumina  (aluminium  oxide);  alumina  is  then  smelted 
using an electrolysis process to produce pure aluminium metal

•  Diversified	sources	of	production,	albeit	less	than	other	commodities	invested	in	by	Zeta

•  Largest bauxite producer Australia, almost twice that of the second producer China, with 

Brazil third

•  Largest bauxite reserves are in Guinea and Australia; Brazil is a distant third

Macro trends
•  Alumina production has been in increasing trend since early 1980s

•  Australia a big producer of bauxite and alumina, but relatively little smelting done there

•  Aluminium prices in decline from mid-2011 through mid-2016, but now in uptrend

Exposure
•  27%  of  Alliance  Mining  Commodities  (unlisted)  –  owner  and  developer  of  a  world-class 

bauxite resource in Guinea

Overview
•  Graphite is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions, and is a form 

of coal

•  Found	in	three	natural	forms:	amorphous;	flake	(or	crystalline);	and	vein	(or	lump)
•  Flake and vein graphite have application in anodes in lithium-ion batteries
•  Graphite can be produced synthetically, although current production methods yield 

a purer graphite from natural ores

•  With	modern	chemical	purification	processes	and	thermal	treatment,	natural	graphite	
achieves a purity of 99.9 percent compared to 99.0 percent for the synthetic equivalent

•  Largest producer of graphite is China; biggest graphite reserves are in Turkey

Macro trends
•  Main  uses  of  graphite  are  brake  linings,  foundry  operations,  lubricants,  refractory 

applications, and steelmaking

•  Growth of production of lithium-ion batteries is causing a rapid increase in demand for 

natural graphite

•  At the end of 2016, natural graphite accounts for 60-65% of lithium-ion anode market 
share; synthetic is around 30%; and alternatives such as lithium titanate, silicon and tin 
is around 5%

Exposure
•  35%	of	Margosa	Graphite	Limited	(unlisted)	–	Sri	Lankan	brownfield	explorer	of	vein	

graphite, the purest naturally occurring graphite

Zeta Resources Limited’s investment aim is to maximise total returns for shareholders by identifying and investing in 

resource	assets	and	companies	where	the	underlying	value	is	not	reflected	in	the	market	price.	The	company	invests	

in a range of resources entities, including those focused on nickel, gold, copper, oil & gas, bauxite, graphite and base 

metals exploration and production.

S
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We seek out and make  
compelling investments

SUPERIOR, CONSISTENT PERFORMANCE 

Long Term

Deep Value

Optionality

Bottom Up 
Approach

Active 
Investors

Investee 
Relationships

Identify 
Synergies

Extensive 
Domain 
Knowledge and 
Expertise

Sector Focused

CREATE SYNERGIES

I

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Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018 
 
 
 
 
DUGALD MORRISON

ALASDAIR YOUNIE

TRISTAN KINGCOTT

INVESTMENT	MANAGER	AND	TEAM

The  directors  are  responsible  for  Zeta’s  investment 

policy and have overall responsibility for the company’s 

day-to-day activities. Zeta has, however, entered into an 

Investment  Management  Agreement  with  ICM  Limited 

under  which  ICM  provides  investment  management 

services to Zeta, including investment analysis, portfolio 

monitoring,	research	and	corporate	finance.

ICM  is  a  Bermuda  based  global  fund  manager  and 

corporate	finance	adviser.

ICM  focuses  on  identifying  investments  at  valuations 

that	 do	 not	 reflect	 their	 true	 long-term	 value.	 Their	

investment approach is to have a deep understanding 

of  the  business  fundamentals  of  each  investment  and 

its environment versus its intrinsic value. ICM are long 

term,  patient  investors  and  see  markets  as  a  place  to 

exchange assets.

ICM  manages  directly  and  indirectly  approximately 

US$20.0 billion in funds spanning a variety of countries, 

sectors, and products for leading institutions and retail 

Dugald  Morrison  has  been  involved  with  ICM  and 

its  predecessor  companies  since  1994  and 

is 

responsible for ICM NZ Limited, based in Wellington. 

Dugald is an experienced investment analyst, having 

worked  in  stockbroking,  investment  banking  and 

investment	 management	 firms	 in	 New	 Zealand,	 the	

United  Kingdom,  and  the  United  States  since  1987. 

Dugald is focused on the Resources sector worldwide. 

Dugald  is  a  director  of  RESIMAC  Financial  Services 
Limited  and  Brightwater  Group  Limited.  Dugald 

graduated	 from	 Victoria	 University	 of	 Wellington	 in	

1991	 with	 BCA	 (Hons)	 and	 is	 a	 Member	 of	 the	 New	

Zealand Institute of Directors.

investors.	ICM	has	over	20	specialist	ICM	staff	members,	

DUNCAN SAVILLE

and	55	staff	in	total	with	offices	located	worldwide.

Duncan  Saville  founded  the  ICM  Group  and  its 

predecessor companies, and has been employed by 

the Group since 1988. Duncan Saville is a chartered 

accountant	 with	 experience	 in	 corporate	 finance	

and	 asset	 management.	 He	 is	 an	 experienced	 non-

executive director having previously been a director 

in  multiple  companies  in  the  utility,  investment, 

mining, and technology sectors. Duncan is currently 

a  non-executive  director  of  Somers  Limited, 

Homeloans	 Limited	 and	 West	 Hamilton	 Holdings	

Limited.	 His	 Fellowships	 include	 the	 Institute	 of	

Chartered  Accountants  Australia  and  New  Zealand, 

the  Australian  Institute  of  Company  Directors  and 

the Financial Services Institute of Australasia, and he 

is a Member of the Singapore Institute of Directors.

Alasdair  Younie  is  a  director  of  ICM  Limited  and  is 

Tristan  Kingcott  joined  ICM  in  2018  as  an  Equity 

based in Bermuda. Alasdair has extensive experience 

Analyst  based  in  Wellington,  New  Zealand.  Tristan 

in	 financial	 markets	 and	 corporate	 finance,	 and	

has	 over	 seven	 years’	 experience	 in	 financial	 and	

he  is  responsible  for  the  day  to  day  running  of  the 

commercial  analysis,  and  prior  to  joining  ICM,  has 

Somers	 Group.	 Alasdair	 qualified	 as	 a	 chartered	

performed  various  roles, 

including  Manager  of 

accountant  with  PricewaterhouseCoopers  and 

Corporate  Development  at  Ferus  Inc.,  an  oil  &  gas 

subsequently  worked  for  six  years  in  the  corporate 

services company based in Western Canada. Tristan 

finance	 division	 of	 Arbuthnot	 Securities	 Limited	 in	

is focused on the resources sector, with an emphasis 

London.  Alasdair  is  a  director  of  Ascendant  Group 
Limited, Bermuda Commercial Bank Limited, Somers 

on	North	America.	He	holds	a	Bachelor	of	Commerce	
degree  in  Finance  from  the  University  of  Alberta, 

Limited, Bermuda First Investment Company Limited, 

Canada, and is a CFA Charterholder.

One	 Communications	 Limited	 and	 West	 Hamilton	

Holdings	 Limited.	 Alasdair	 graduated	 from	 Bristol	

University  with  a  BSc  in  Economics  and  Economic 

History	in	1998,	and	is	a	Member	of	the	Institute	of	

Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.

EDUARDO GRECA

Eduardo  Greca  joined  ICM  in  2010  as  a  Latam 

Investment Strategist, based in Colombia since 2018 

(previously  in  Brazil  from  2012).  Eduardo  has  over 

ten  years  of  investment  research  experience,  and 

prior to joining ICM, he worked for the commodities 

risk  management  team  at  Kraft  Foods.  Eduardo 

supports  the  ICM  team  on  Latin  American  equity 

and	fixed	income	investments,	and	he	is	responsible	

for  the  Stock  Exchange  sector  worldwide  with  an 

emphasis  on  Emerging  Markets.  Eduardo  obtained 

a  Bachelor’s  degree  in  Economics  at  the  Federal 

University of Parana in 2009, is a CFA Charterholder, 

and a Member of the CFA Society in Brazil.

ICM focuses on 
identifying investments 
where the underlying 
value is not reflected in 
the market price.

18

19

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018GEOGRAPHICAL	AND	SECTOR	SPLIT	OF	INVESTMENTS

FIVE	LARGEST	HOLDINGS

GEOGRAPHICAL SPLIT OF INVESTMENTS*

*Including investments held by Zeta Energy Pte. Ltd

COUNTRY

   Australia

   Guinea

   Canada

   Mali

   Other

        % OF TOTAL

2018

66.6%

10.8%

9.1%

8.2%

5.3%

2017

46.4%

0.0%

0.0%

16.2%

37.4%

Source: ICM

2018

2017

COMPANY (Country of principal activity) 
Description

FAIR VALUE 
US$000

% OF TOTAL 
INVESTMENTS

1

2

3

4

5

(1)

(2)

(-)

(-)

(-)

Panoramic Resources Limited   (Australia) 
Nickel exploration and mining

67,999

41.3%

Resolute Mining Limited   (Australia, Mali) 
Gold exploration and mining

19,593

11.9%

Copper Mountain Mining Corporation   (Canada) 
Copper exploration and mining

18,400

11.2%

Alliance Mining Commodities Limited   (Guinea) 
Bauxite developer

17,843

10.8%

GME Resources Limited   (Australia) 
Nickel and gold exploration and mining

17,182

10.4%

SECTOR SPLIT OF INVESTMENTS*

        % OF TOTAL

Other investments

23,613

14.4%

SECTOR

   Nickel 

   Gold

   Copper

   Bauxite

   Oil & Gas

   Graphite

   Other

   Cash

2018

51.8%

20.3%

11.4%

10.8%

3.8%

1.3%

0.2%

0.4%

2017

26.2%

32.3%

3.2%

0.5%

36.9%

0.0%

0.0%

0.9%

Source: ICM

*Including investments held by Zeta Energy Pte. Ltd

Total Portfolio

164,630

100.0%

The	value	of	the	five	largest	holdings	represents	85.6%	(2017:	84.5%)	of	the	group’s	total	investments.	The	country	

shown is the location of the principal part of the company’s business. The total number of companies included in the 

portfolio is 18 (2017: 18).

20

21

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018 
 
REVIEW	OF	THE	FIVE	LARGEST	HOLDINGS

PANORAMIC RESOURCES LIMITED  
(AUSTRALIA)

COPPER MOUNTAIN MINING 
CORPORATION (CANADA)

www.panoramicresources.com 
Market Cap: US$223.5 million

Panoramic Resources Limited is a Western Australian 
mining  company  that  owns  100%  of  the  Savannah 
underground nickel sulphide mine, located in the East 
Kimberley  in  Western  Australia.  Savannah  remained 
on care and maintenance throughout the year under 
review.  Panoramic’s  value  is  leveraged  to  both  the 
price  of  nickel,  and  the  Australian  dollar  –  the  higher 
the price of nickel and the lower the Australian dollar, 
the  higher  the  company’s  worth.  During  the  year, 
Panoramic  raised  A$21  million  via  an  entitlement 
offer,	which	Zeta	participated	in.	The	funds	were	used	
to  support  preparations  for  the  restart  of  mining 
at  Savannah.  Shortly  after  the  year  end,  Panoramic 
formally  announced  the  re-launch  of  Savannah,  with 
production  set  to  resume  early  in  2019.  Panoramic 
also  announced  the  sale  of  its  other  nickel  mine, 
Lanfranchi,  with  the  aim  of  redeploying  resources  to 
concentrate on Savannah.

www.cumtn.com 
Market Cap: US$174.4 million

Copper  Mountain  Mining  Corporation  is  a  Canadian 
copper	mining	company	headquartered	in	Vancouver,	
British  Columbia. 
is  75%  of  the 
Its  chief  asset 
Copper  Mountain  mine  located  about  20  km  south 
of  Princeton,  British  Columbia  and  300  km  east  of 
the	 port	 of	 Vancouver,	 Canada.	 Mitsubishi	 Materials	
Corporation  owns  the  remaining  25%  of  the  Copper 
Mountain mine. The mine produces about 100 million 
pounds  of  copper  equivalent  production  per  year, 
including	significant	gold	and	silver	credits,	all	of	which	
are shipped to Japan for smelting in one of Mitsubishi’s 
copper  smelters.  During  the  year,  Copper  Mountain 
acquired	Australian	copper	firm	Altona	Mining	Limited	
in  exchange  for  the  issue  of  new  Copper  Mountain 
shares. Zeta acquired a stake in Copper Mountain both 
directly and from owning Altona Mining shares prior to 
the takeover by Copper Mountain. Copper Mountain is 
working on plans to develop its new Australian copper 
assets,  which  comprise  one  of  Australia’s  largest 
undeveloped copper resources containing 1.65 million 
tonnes of copper and 409,000 ounces of gold.

RESOLUTE MINING LIMITED  
(AUSTRALIA, MALI)

ALLIANCE MINING COMMODITIES LIMITED 
(GUINEA)

www.resolute-ltd.com.au 
Market Cap: US$699.0 million

Resolute  Mining  Limited  is  a  gold  producer  listed  on 
the  ASX,  with  long  life  mines  at  Syama  in  Mali  and  at 
Ravenswood in Australia, and a development project at 
Bibiani  in  Ghana.  In  the  year  to  June  2018,  Resolute’s 
various  operations  yielded  284,185  ounces  of  gold. 
Average cash costs of A$1,238 per ounce were higher 
than  the  previous  year’s  A$995  per  ounce.  During 
the  year,  Resolute  continued  development  work  on 
underground  mining  at  Syama,  with  production  set  to 
begin  shortly.  At  Ravenswood,  Resolute  has  worked 
on  updating  its  Expansion  Project,  lowering  costs  and 
spreading  capital  expenditures  over  a  longer  period. 
Resolute has provided guidance for gold production of 
300,000  oz  at  an  All-In-Sustaining-Cost  of  A$1,280/oz 
(US$960/oz) for the year to 30 June 2019. Resolute has 
made  a  number  of  investments  in  junior  African  gold 
exploration companies, with the aim of gaining access 
to  prospective  gold  resources.  As  at  30  June  2018, 
Resolute had A$34.8m in listed investments.  

www.amcbauxite.com 
Market Cap: N/A - Unlisted

Alliance  Mining  Commodities  Limited  is  an  Australian 
private  company  that  has  been  granted  a  Mining 
Concession by Presidential Decree for the development 
of the Koumbia Bauxite Project in the northwest of the 
Republic of Guinea. The Government of Guinea holds 
a 10% free-carried interest in AMC’s Guinea subsidiary 
which  holds  the  concession.  The  Koumbia  Bauxite 
Project  is  a  world  class  bauxite  development,  with  a 
JORC (2012) resource in excess of 2 billion tonnes. The 
Koumbia ore, high in alumina and low in reactive silica 
and boehmite, makes  it particularly attractive for  use 
in	a	low	temperature,	low	cost,	refining	process.

22

23

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018GME RESOURCES LIMITED  
(AUSTRALIA)

www.gmeresources.com.au  

Market Cap: US$41.1 million

GME  Resources  Limited  is  an  ASX-listed  exploration 

and development company with nickel, cobalt and gold 

interests  in  Western  Australia.  GME’s  principal  asset 

is  its  100%-owned  NiWest  Project  situated  adjacent 

to  Glencore’s  Murrin  Murrin  Operations.  The  NiWest 

Project  contains  one  of  the  largest  undeveloped 

nickel-cobalt deposits in Australia. After the year end, 

GME  released  its  preliminary  feasibility  study  for  the 

NiWest  nickel-cobalt  project.  The  company  released 

its	maiden	reserves,	and	the	study	shows	a	significant	

nickel-cobalt  asset,  which  when  developed,  would 

have an initial mine life of 27 years. GME is targeting 

production  of  premium  nickel  and  cobalt  sulphate 

products  from  the  NiWest  Project  to  directly  supply 

the rapidly growing lithium-ion battery market.

GOVERNANCE

IN THIS SECTION:

26  Directors

27  Report of the Directors

32  Corporate Governance Statement

33  Additional ASX Information

24

25

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018DIRECTORS 

REPORT	OF	THE	DIRECTORS

PETER SULLIVAN 

CHAIRMAN AND NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Appointed 7 June 2013. Mr Sullivan is an engineer and has been involved in the 
management and strategic development of resource companies and projects for 
more	than	25	years,	including	project	engineering,	corporate	finance,	investment	
banking,  corporate  and  operational  management,  and  public  company 
directorships.	 He	 has	 specialised	 in	 providing	 strategic	 corporate,	 financial	 and	
investment	advice	to	companies	principally	in	the	resource	sector.	He	has	served	
as  a  director  for  numerous  listed  and  unlisted  companies  and  been  closely 
involved with their development. Mr Sullivan holds a Bachelor of Engineering and 
a Master of Business Administration.

Directorships of other listed companies in the last 3 years

Mr  Sullivan  is  chairman  of  GME  Resources  Limited  (ASX:GME)  and  Bligh 
Resources	 Limited	 (ASX:BGH)	 and	 non-executive	 director	 of	 Resolute	 Mining	
Limited  (ASX:RSG)  and  Panoramic  Resources  Limited  (ASX:PAN).  Mr  Sullivan 
is	 also	 Chair	 of	 Pan	 Pacific	 Petroleum	 NL	 (ASX:PPP)	 which	 was	 delisted	 on	  
13 November 2017.

MARTHINUS (MARTIN) BOTHA 

NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Appointed  7  June  2013.  Mr  Botha  has  over  30  years’  experience  in  banking, 

with the last 26 years spent in leadership roles building Standard Bank Group’s 

international operations. Mr Botha’s primary responsibilities at Standard Bank 

Plc included establishing and leading the development of the core global natural 

resources	 trading	 and	 financing	 franchises,	 as	 well	 as	 various	 geographic	

strategies, including those in the Russian Commonwealth of Independent States, 

Turkey  and  the  Middle  East.  Mr  Botha  is  currently  non-executive  chairman  of 

Sberbank CIB (UK) Ltd, a securities broker regulated by the UK Financial Services 

Authority. Mr Botha holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Survey.

Directorships of other listed companies in the last 3 years

Mr Botha is chairman of Resolute Mining Limited (ASX:RSG).

XI XI

NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Appointed	 7	 June	 2013.	 Ms	 Xi	 is	 a	 financial	 analyst	 with	 more	 than	 15	 years’	

experience in the mining, energy and natural resource industry, ranging from 

managing  companies  focused  on  international  exploration  and  development 

of  mining  projects  to  restructuring  and  overseeing  a  portfolio  of  private  and 

public  companies.  Ms  Xi  holds  dual  Bachelor  of  Science  degrees  in  Chemical 

Engineering and Economics from the Colorado School of Mines and a Master of 

Arts	in	International	Relations	and	China	Studies	from	Johns	Hopkins	School	of	

Advanced International Studies.

Directorships of other listed companies in the last 3 years

Ms  Xi  Xi  is  currently  non-executive  director  of  Mineral  Resources  Limited 

(ASX:MIN), and previously Galaxy Resources Limited (ASX:GXY).

Your directors present their report for Zeta Resources Limited, including its subsidiaries, Kumarina Resources Pty 
Limited,	 Zeta	 Energy	 Pte.	 Ltd,	 Axelrock	 Limited,	 Pan	 Pacific	 Petroleum	 Pty	 Limited,	 Pan	 Pacific	 Petroleum	 Vietnam	
Pty	Limited,	Pan	Pacific	Petroleum	JPDA	Pty	Limited	and	Zeta	Investments	Limited,	for	the	year	ended	30	June	2018.

DIRECTORS

The	names	of	directors	in	office	at	any	time	during	or	since	the	end	of	the	year	are:

Peter Ross Sullivan
Marthinus (Martin) Botha
Xi Xi

Directors	have	been	in	office	since	the	start	of	the	year	to	the	date	of	this	report.

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

The principal activities of the company are investing in listed and unlisted resource focused investments.

No	significant	change	in	the	nature	of	these	activities	occurred	during	the	year.

OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW

Operating results

The	net	profit	attributable	to	the	company	for	the	year	to	30	June	2018	amounted	to	US$31,215,839.

Overview of operating activity

The company listed on the ASX on 12 June 2013.

During  the  year  the  company  has  continued  to  build  its  portfolio  of  resource  investments  by  investing  a  further 
US$10,170,940.	An	increase	in	the	fair	value	of	the	portfolio	resulted	in	an	unrealised	profit	recognised	in	profit	or	
loss at year end of US$35,166,648.

The  activities  of  the  company’s  subsidiary,  Kumarina,  related  to  further  exploration  and  evaluation  of  the  existing 
Australian mining tenements (the Murrin Murrin and Ilgarari projects) and a total of A$123,194 was invested during 
the twelve months to 30 June 2018 in further drilling and analysis work.

Financial position

At the end of the year, the company had US$287,172 in cash and cash equivalents. Investments at fair value totalled 
US$161,187,270, loans to subsidiaries were valued at US$379,690 and the investment in subsidiaries was valued at 
US$3,063,504.

The company has a loan owing to UIL of $30,151,190 at year end. 

GOING CONCERN

The	financial	statements	have	been	prepared	on	a	going	concern	basis.	The	majority	of	the	company’s	assets	consist	
of equity shares in listed companies and in most circumstances are realisable within a short timescale. The use of 
the going concern basis of accounting is appropriate because there are no material uncertainties related to events 
or	conditions	that	may	cast	significant	doubt	about	the	ability	of	the	company	to	continue	as	a	going	concern.	After	

26

27

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018REPORT	OF	THE	DIRECTORS
(continued)

making enquiries, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to continue 
in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the directors continue to adopt the going concern 
basis in preparing the accounts.

As at the year end, the company had a US$4m loan facility with Bermuda Commercial Bank expiring on 8 March 2019.  
The company is in negotiation with Bermuda Commercial Bank to extend the facility. If the terms on the loan cannot 
be renegotiated the company will repay the outstanding debt when due from the realisation of portfolio investments. 
Creditors	 and	 short-term	 payables	 as	 at	 year	 end	 have	 all	 been	 settled	 through	 cash	 flow	 generated	 from	 the	
realisation of portfolio investments.

DIVIDENDS

No dividends have been paid or declared since the start of the year. No recommendation is made as to dividends.

AFTER BALANCE DATE EVENTS

Zeta has subscribed to a further issue of shares in Alliance Mining Commodities Limited to take up 1,883,668 shares 
for a consideration of US$2,542,951. The share issue notice was given on 6 July 2018. Zeta currently holds 26.7% of 
Alliance Mining.

LIKELY DEVELOPMENTS

The company intends to continue to seek to maximise total returns for shareholders by identifying and investing in 
assets	and	companies	where	the	underlying	value	is	not	reflected	in	the	market	price.

INFORMATION ON COMPANY SECRETARY

On 12 September 2017 ICM Limited was appointed Company Secretary.

REMUNERATION REPORT 

The remuneration report is set out in the following manner:

•  Policies used to determine the nature and amount of remuneration

•  Details of remuneration

•  Share based compensation

•  Directors and executives interests

Remuneration policy

The  board  of  directors  is  responsible  for  remuneration  policies  and  the  packages  applicable  to  the  directors  of  the 
company.	 The	 broad	 remuneration	 policy	 is	 to	 ensure	 that	 packages	 offered	 properly	 reflect	 a	 person’s	 duties	 and	
responsibilities and that remuneration is competitive and attracts, retains, and motivates people of the highest quality.

The directors are remunerated for the services they render to the company and such services are carried out under 
normal  commercial  terms  and  conditions.  Engagement  and  payment  for  such  services  are  approved  by  the  other 
directors who have no interest in the engagement of services.

Details of remuneration for Directors

The company paid a total of $150,000 to directors for the year ended 30 June 2018.

The company had no employees as at 30 June 2018.

Share based compensation

There  is  currently  no  provision  in  the  policies  of  the  company  for  the  provision  of  share-based  compensation  to 
directors. The interest of directors and executives in shares and options is set out elsewhere in this report.

Directors and Executives’ interests

The  relevant  interests  of  directors  and  executives  either  directly  or  through  entities  controlled  by  the  directors  and 
executives in the share capital of the company and related body corporates as at the date of this report are: 

DIRECTOR

Peter R Sullivan

Martin Botha

Xi Xi

ORDINARY SHARES 
OPENING BALANCE

NET CHANGE

ORDINARY SHARES 
CLOSING BALANCE

5,670,632

279,565

–

100,000

200,000

–

5,770,632

479,565

–

MEETINGS OF DIRECTORS

The board held six meetings during the year which were attended by all directors. The meetings were held on 4 July, 
12 September, 13 and 24 November 2017 and 7 February and 18 June 2018.

In addition, throughout the course of the year there were a number of resolutions of directors which were made by 
unanimous written resolution.

There were no meetings of committees of directors that were required to be held during the year.

LOANS TO DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVES

There were no loans entered into with directors or executives during the year under review.

UNLISTED OPTIONS

At the date of this report the company had no unlisted options on issue.

During the year 86,461,440 unlisted options were exercised at A$0.001 resulting in the issue of 86,461,440 ordinary 
listed shares.

AUDIT COMMITTEE

At the date of this report the company had not entered into any packages with directors or senior executives which 
include performance-based components.

The board reviews the performance of the external auditors on an annual basis and will meet with them during the 
year	to	review	findings	and	assist	with	board	recommendations.

28

29

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018REPORT	OF	THE	DIRECTORS
(continued)

The  board  does  not  have  a  separate  audit  committee  with  a  composition  as  suggested  in  the  best  practice 
recommendations. The full board carries out the function of an audit committee.

The	 board	 believes	 that	 the	 company	 is	 not	 of	 a	 sufficient	 size	 to	 warrant	 a	 separate	 committee	 and	 that	 the	 full	
board is able to meet the objectives of the best practice recommendations and discharge its duties in this area.

INDEMNIFYING OFFICERS OR AUDITORS

The	company	has	not,	during	or	since	the	year	ended,	in	respect	of	any	person	who	is	or	has	been	an	officer	or	the	
auditor	of	the	company	or	of	a	related	body	corporate	indemnified	or	made	any	relative	agreement	for	indemnifying	
against	a	liability	incurred	as	an	officer	or	auditor,	including	costs	and	expenses	in	defending	legal	proceedings.

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION

Kumarina  Resources  Pty  Limited’s  operations  are  subject  to  the  Western  Australian  Mining  Act  1978  and  the 
Environmental Protection Act 1986.

The	 directors	 are	 not	 aware	 of	 any	 significant	 breaches	 and	 no	 actions	 were	 initiated	 for	 breaches	 under	 the	
Environmental Protection Act during the year covered by this report.

NON-AUDIT SERVICES

No non–audit services were performed by the auditors of the company during the year.

ON-MARKET BUY-BACK SCHEME

As part of its ongoing capital management strategy, Zeta has implemented an on-market buy-back for up to 10 million 
ordinary	 shares	 during	 the	 period	 15	 September	 2018	 to	 14	 September	 2019.	 The	 buy-back	 will	 only	 be	 effective	
should the share price of the company be at a discount to NTA exceeding 10%. The timing and quantity of shares will 
depend on current market conditions and other future events. Pursuant to section 257B(4) of the Corporations Act 
2001 (Cth), the share buy-back does not require shareholder approval as it falls under the 10/12 limit.

Unlisted

Kumarina Resources Pty Limited

Pan	Pacific	Petroleum	Pty	Limited

Alliance Mining Commodities Limited

Margosa Graphite Limited

Zeta Energy Pte. Ltd

Zeta Investments Limited

NUMBER OF  
SHARES

% OF ISSUED  
SHARES HELD

26,245,610

581,942,846

11,895,376

13,950,000

100

100

100%

100%

26.768%

35.316%

100%

100%

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT

The company entered into an Investment Management Agreement with ICM Limited on 3 June 2018. Management 
fees are payable at a rate of 0.5% per annum, of funds managed on calculation date, payable quarterly in arrears and 
pro-rated for any period less than three months.

Performance fees, if applicable, are payable annually at year end at a rate of 15% of equity funds (adjusted for any 
dividends paid or accrued) on calculation date less adjusted base equity funds (high-water mark) previously used in 
the performance fee calculation. The adjusted base equity funds is the base equity fund used in the last performance 
fee calculation adjusted by the average percentage income yield on the S&P/ASX 300 Metals and Mining Index. No 
performance fee was payable for the year.

Either party may terminate the agreement with six months’ notice. 

The company paid US$652,993 in management fees during the reporting year.

AUDITOR’S INDEPENDENCE DECLARATION

INVESTMENTS DISCLOSED BY THE COMPANY AT THE REPORTING DATE

A copy of the auditor’s independence declaration is included in the Independent Auditor’s Report.

During the year the company completed a total of 315 transactions in securities and paid a total of US$52,269 in 
brokerage on those transactions.

This report is signed in accordance with a resolution of directors.

Listed

Panoramic Resources Limited 

Bligh Resources Limited

Resolute Mining Limited

GME Resources Limited

Oilex Limited

NUMBER OF  
SHARES

% OF ISSUED  
SHARES HELD

149,543,439

253,742,974

20,784,000

193,655,109

121,323,567

30.420%

88.749%

2.803%

41.772%

6.473%

Peter R Sullivan 

Chairman 

Perth, Western Australia 

5 September 2018

30

31

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018 
CORPORATE	GOVERNANCE	STATEMENT

ADDITIONAL ASX INFORMATION 

The  company’s  directors  and  management  are  committed  to  conducting  the  group’s  business  in  an  ethical  manner 

1. 

SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDERS

and in accordance with the highest standards of corporate governance. The company has adopted and substantially 

complies with the ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations (Third Edition) (“Recommendations”) 

to the extent appropriate to the size and nature of the group’s operations. The company has prepared a statement 

As	at	10	September	2018,	the	company	had	received	notification	of	the	following	substantial	shareholdings:

UIL Limited 

263,496,139 (91.33%)

(“Corporate  Governance  Statement”)  which  sets  out  the  corporate  governance  practices  that  were  in  operation 

2.  DISTRIBUTION SCHEDULE OF ORDINARY SHARES HELD AT 10 SEPTEMBER 2018

throughout	 the	 financial	 year	 for	 the	 company,	 identifies	 any	 Recommendations	 that	 have	 not	 been	 followed,	 and	

provides reasons for not following such Recommendations. In accordance with ASX Listing Rules 4.10.3 and 4.7.4, the 
Corporate Governance Statement will be available for review on the company’s website (www.zetaresources.limited), 
and will be lodged together with an Appendix 4G to the ASX at the same time that the Annual Report is lodged with ASX.

The  Appendix  4G  will  particularise  each  Recommendation  that  needs  to  be  reported  against  by  the  company  and 

will provide shareholders with information as to where relevant governance disclosures can be found. The company’s 

corporate governance policies and charters are all available on its website.

32

HOLDING RANGES

1 – 1,000

1,001 – 5,000

5,001 – 10,000

10,001 – 100,000

100,001 – and over

Total

NO. OF 
 SHARES

3,339

2,840,236

1,388,667

5,196,572

279,092,210

288,521,024

NO. OF ORDINARY 
SHAREHOLDERS

% OF ISSUED 
 CAPITAL

19

1,048

179

198

29

1,473

0.00

0.98

0.48

1.80

96.73

100.00

The number of shareholders holding less than a marketable parcel of ordinary shares at 10 September 2018  

is 22 and they hold 7,039 securities.

3. 

TOP 20 HOLDINGS OF FULLY PAID ORDINARY SHARES AS AT 10 SEPTEMBER 2018

NAME

J P MORGAN NOM AUST LTD

SOMERS	ISLES	PRIVATE	TRUS

HSBC	CUSTODY	NOM	AUST	LTD

SULLIVAN	JAMES	NOEL

HARDROCK	CAP	PL

CALIMO PL

BURNAL PL

CHERRYBURN	PL

SELLERS GILLIAN CLARE

BLESSED	INV	PL

ACS NSW PL

SAVILLE	STEPHANIE	C

BROINOWSKI	JOHN	GILLIS

UURO PL

PERSAL	&	CO	INV	PL

SAVILLE	ALEXANDRA	MAREE

CUSTODIAL	SVCS	LTD

GREEN BRIAN

SULLIVAN	JAMES	NOEL	+	G

NALMOR	PL	JOHN	CHAPPELL	S

Total for top 20

SHARES

172,376,417

90,144,895

9,079,766

1,308,595

600,000

576,510

450,000

376,160

350,000

335,000

295,000

269,946

260,000

250,000

250,000

241,778

226,822

215,000

200,000

160,000

% OF ISSUED  
CAPITAL

59.74

31.24

3.15

0.45

0.21

0.20

0.16

0.13

0.12

0.12

0.10

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.08

0.08

0.07

0.07

0.06

277,965,889

96.34

33

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018	
 
 
 
ADDITIONAL ASX INFORMATION 
(continued)

4. 

VOTING RIGHTS

All ordinary shares carry one vote per share without restriction.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5. 

APPLICATION OF CHAPTERS 6, 6A, 6B AND 6C OF THE CORPORATIONS ACT 2001

The company is not subject to Chapters 6, 6A, 6B and 6C of the Corporations Act dealing with the acquisition of 

its shares. In addition, neither the Bermuda Companies Act nor the company’s Bye Laws prescribe a regime for 

the conduct of takeovers or contain a general prohibition on acquisitions of interests in Bermuda companies 

beyond a certain threshold in the same way as the Australian Corporations Act 2001.

6. 

KUMARINA TENEMENT SCHEDULE

PROJECT AREA

TENEMENT ID

OWNERSHIP

COMMENTS

Ilgarari

Eulaminna

Murrin Murrin

E52/2274

M39/0371

M39/0372

M39/0397

M39/0398

M39/0399

M39/0400

M39/1068

P39/5230

P39/5231

P39/5232

P39/5233

P39/5234

P39/5235

P39/5236

P39/5237

P39/5238

100%

0% Gold and Base Metals Rights

0% Gold and Base Metals Rights

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

IN THIS SECTION:

36 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

40  Auditor’s Independence Declaration

41  Statement of Financial Position

42  Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income

43  Statement of Cash Flows

44  Statement of Changes in Equity

45  Notes to the Financial Statements

34

35
35

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018•

•

lack  of

The 
readily  available  objective
evidence  such  as  quoted  prices,  which
increases  estimation  uncertainty  and  audit
effort for these unlisted investments;

The  valuation  methods applied  by 
the
Company to  determine  the  fair  value  of  the
unlisted  investments  are  subject  to  a  high
degree  of 
judgement  and  are  complex,
especially  for  investments  where  there  were
no  additional  share  trades  or  new  equity
issued  during  the  year. Areas  of  judgement
include  the  future  income  expected  from
operations that are still in exploration phase,
discount rates applied and other external risk
factors.

• A  relatively  small  percentage  change  in  the
valuations  of 
in
individual 
aggregate, could result in a significant impact
to the financial statements.

investments, 

We  considered  the  existing  market  conditions, 
estimates  regarding  future  performance  of  the 
underlying  investments  within  each  investment,
and recently traded prices in addressing this key 
audit matter.

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

KPMG Inc. 
MSC House 
1  Mediterranean Street.  Foreshore.  8001 
PO  Box 4609, Cape Town,  8000,  South Africa 

Telephone 
Fax 
Docex 
Internet 

+27 10)21  408 7000 
+2710)21 408  7100 
102 Cape Town 
kpmg.co.za 

Independent Auditor’s Report

To the Shareholders of Zeta Resources Limited

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Zeta Resources Limited (the “company”) set out on pages 41
to 67, which comprise the statement of financial position at 30 June 2018, and the statement of profit or 
loss and  other  comprehensive  income,  the  statement of  changes  in  equity  and  the  statement of  cash 
flows  for  the  year  then  ended,  and  notes  to  the  financial  statements,  including  a  summary  of  significant 
accounting policies.

In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of
Zeta Resources Limited at 30 June 2018, and its financial performance and cash flows for the year then 
ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. 

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit
in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). Our
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit 
of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with 
the Independent Regulatory Board for Auditors Code of Professional Conduct for Registered Auditors
(IRBA Code) and other independence requirements applicable to performing audits of financial statements 
in South Africa. We have fulfilled  our  other  ethical  responsibilities  in  accordance  with  the  IRBA  Code  and 
in  accordance  with  other  ethical requirements applicable to performing audits in South Africa. The IRBA 
Code is consistent with the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants Code of Ethics for
Professional Accountants (Parts  A  and B). We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Key Audit Matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional
judgement, were of most significance in
our audit of the financial statements for the current period. These matters were addressed in the context 
of our audit  of  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole,  and  in  forming  our  opinion  thereon,  and  we  do  not 
provide a separate opinion on these matters. The key audit matter for the financial statements is set out
below.

Valuation of Unlisted Investments ($25.7mil)

Refer to Note 3.6, 5 and 22.4 of the financial statements.

The key audit matter

How the matter was addressed in our audit

The  Company’s  core  business  of  investment 
holding is driven by the appreciation of value in the 
investments  held.  The  Company’s  determination 
of 
is 
the  valuation  of  unlisted 
considered a key audit matter due to:

investments 

Our audit procedures included:

We  critically  assessed the  valuation  methodology 
applied to value the investments against accounting 
standards and industry practice.  

KPMG  Inc  1:; e company mcorporated under the South 
Afncen Compan1e::: Act and a member firm of the KPMG 
network of 1ndependont member firm:; aff1llated with  "PMG 
International Cooperative ("KPMG  lnterna11onal"l. a Swi:::::: 
entity 

KPMG  Inc  1:; a Reg1:;tered Auditor.  m pubhc practice. an term:; 
of the Aud1t1ng Profe:;:::,on Act, 26 of 2005 

Reg1:;trat1on number 1999J021543/21 

Chief Executive 

N Dlomu 

D,rector:; 

Full h:::I on web:;1te 

The company':; principal place of bu:;1ne:;:; 1:; at KPMG Cre:::cent. 
85  Empire Road,  Parktown,  where a h:::t of 1he director:;' name:; 1::: 
available  for  m:::pection 

For investments where the fair value was calculated 
using  the  market  approach  based  on  a limited 
number of share trades as well as the price of new 
equity issued, we obtained external confirmations of 
actual traded prices paid by the Company within the 
year or close to year-end.  

challenged 

External  confirmations  included  items such  as 
deeds of adherence and variations to shareholders 
agreements, showing recently traded prices. 
We further
the  Company’s  key
assumption adopted in the market approach, being
the existence or lack of market conditions impacting
the fair value of these investments since acquisition.
information 
this by obtaining market 
We  did 
regarding 
the underlying 
investment holdings  within  the  investments  and
compared it to external source data such as: 

the performance  of 

•

•

investors’  reports  issued  to  shareholders
by the  underlying  investment companies,
providing external valuations of underlying
investments and status reports on related
projects;

relevant industry information regarding the
sectors  within  which  each entity  operates
for consistency to the Company’s views;

and 

rates 

  We analysed 

For  investments  where  the  fair  value  was  based 
on other  valuation  methods,  such  as  discounted 
cash flows,  we  challenged  the  key  assumptions 
such  as  discount 
estimates 
future  performance of  the  underlying 
regarding 
investments. 
the  Company’s 
discount  rate  against  publicly  available  data  of 
a group  of  comparable  entities,  adjusting  these
where  necessary  for  the  company’s  specific  risk 
profile.    We  compared  the  results  of 
future 
recently
against 
performance 
available 
underlying 
investments.

results 

most

the 

the

of 

the
We performed  a  sensitivity analysis  on 
the  valuations 
key assumptions
methods, to identify  those  assumptions  at  higher 
risk  of  bias  or  inconsistency  in  application  and  to 
focus our further procedures.

applied

in 

compared 

the  assumptions  used 

in 
We 
the Company’s  valuation  methods to  previous 
periods
consider 
consistency  and 
management bias.

for 

to 

assessed

We
the  Company’s  disclosures 
(including the assumptions  used  as  inputs  to  the 
valuations) using  our  understanding  obtained 
from  our  testing  and  against  the  requirements 
of  the  accounting  standards

36

37

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT
(continued)

Other Information

The  directors  are  responsible  for  the  other  information.  The  other  information  comprises  the  Report  of 

the Directors’, the Corporate Governance Statement, and the Annual Report. Other information does not 

include the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. 

The Other  Information  we  obtained  prior  to  the  date  of  this  Auditor’s  Report  was  the  Report  of  the 
Directors’. The  Corporate  Governance  Statement and the  Annual  Report  are expected to  be  made 
available to us after the date of the Auditor's Report.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, accordingly, we do not
and will not express an audit opinion or any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection  with  our  audit  of  the  financial  statements,  our  responsibility  is  to  read  the  other 
information and,  in  doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with 
the  financial  statements  or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the audit, or  otherwise  appears  to  be  materially 
misstated. If, based on  the  work  we  have  performed  on  the  other  information  obtained  prior  to  the  date 
of this  auditor’s  report, we  conclude  that  there  is  a  material  misstatement  of  this  other  information,  we 
are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Responsibilities of the Directors for the Financial Statements

The company's  directors  are  responsible 
these 
financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and for such internal 
control as  the  directors  determine  is  necessary  to  enable  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  that 
are  free  from  material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

the  preparation  and 

fair  presentation  of 

for 

conditions that may cast significant doubt on the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If
we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report 
to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify 
our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s 
report. However, future events or conditions may cause the company to cease to continue as a going 
concern.

• Evaluate  the  overall  presentation,  structure  and  content  of  the  financial  statements,  including  the
disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a
manner that achieves fair presentation.

We communicate with the directors regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the 
audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify 
during our audit. 

We also provide the directors with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements 

regarding  independence,  and  to  communicate  with  them  all  relationships  and  other  matters  that  may 

reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards. 

From  the  matters  communicated  with  the  directors,  we  determine  those  matters  that  were  of  most 
significance  in  the  audit  of  the  financial statements of  the current  period  and  are  therefore  the key  audit 
matters.  We  describe  these  matters  in  our  auditor’s  report  unless  law  or  regulation  precludes  public 
disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should 
not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be 
expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.  

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statement

KPMG Inc.

Our objectives  are  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that 
includes our  opinion.  Reasonable  assurance  is  a  high  level  of  assurance,  but  is  not  a  guarantee 
that  an  audit  conducted in accordance with ISAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 
Misstatements can  arise  from  fraud  or  error  and  are  considered  material  if,  individually  or  in  the 
aggregate,  they  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  influence  the  economic  decisions  of  users  taken  on 
the basis of these financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs, we exercise professional judgement and maintain 

professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:

•

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud
or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that
is  sufficient  and  appropriate  to  provide  a  basis  for  our  opinion.  The  risk  of  not  detecting  a  material
misstatement  resulting  from  fraud  is  higher  than  for  one  resulting  from  error,  as  fraud  may  involve
collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that
are  appropriate  in  the  circumstances,  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the

effectiveness of the company’s internal control.

• Evaluate  the  appropriateness  of  accounting  policies  used  and  the  reasonableness  of  accounting

estimates and related disclosures made by the directors.

• Conclude  on  the  appropriateness  of  the  directors’  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting  and
based  on  the  audit  evidence  obtained,  whether  a  material  uncertainty  exists  related  to  events  or

Per: P Conradie

Chartered Accountant (SA)

Registered Auditor 

Director

Date: 5 September 2018

38

39

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018AUDITOR’S INDEPENDENCE DECLARATION

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

KPMG Inc. 
MSC House 
1  Mediterranean Street.  Foreshore.  8001 
PO  Box 4609, Cape Town,  8000,  South Africa 

Telephone 
Fax 
Docex 
Internet 

+27 10)21  408 7000 
+2710)21 408  7100 
102 Cape Town 
kpmg.co.za 

Independent Auditor`s Declaration to the directors of Zeta Resources Limited 

In relation to our audit of the financial report of Zeta Resources Limited for the financial year ended 30 June 2018, to 
the best of my knowledge and belief, there have been no contraventions of the auditor independence requirements of 
the International Standards on Auditing or any applicable code of professional conduct. 

KPMG Inc. 

Per P Conradie 
Chartered Accountant (SA) 
Registered Auditor 
Director 
Date: 5 September 2018

s at 30 June 2018
e
t
o
N

Non-current assets

Investment in subsidiaries

Investments

Loans to subsidiaries

4

5

6

Current assets

7

Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Non-current liabilities

8

9

Loan from subsidiary

Loan from parent

Current Liabilities

10 Loan from third party

11 Trade and other payables

Total liabilities

NET ASSETS

Equity

12

12

Share capital

Share premium

12 Options

Accumulated	profit/(loss)

TOTAL EQUITY

June 2018 

US$

June 2017 

US$ 

3,063,504

161,187,270

379,690

3,181,102

47,685,376

30,027,206

287,172

164,917,636

15,828

80,909,512

(5,235,527)

(30,151,190)

(5,351,022)

(22,257,029)

(4,000,000)

(1,674,024)

(41,060,741)

123,856,895

2,785

123,096,492

–

757,618

123,856,895

–

(260,421)

(27,868,472)

53,041,040

900

66,233,041

17,265,320

(30,458,221)

53,041,040

KPMG  Inc  1:; e company mcorporated under the South 
Afncen Compan1e::: Act and a member firm of the KPMG 
network of 1ndependont member firm:; aff1llated with  "PMG 
International Cooperative ("KPMG  lnterna11onal"l. a Swi:::::: 
entity 

KPMG  Inc  1:; a Reg1:;tered Auditor.  m pubhc practice. an term:; 
of the Aud1t1ng Profe:;:::,on Act, 26 of 2005 

Reg1:;trat1on number 1999J021543/21 

Chief Executive 

N Dlomu 

D,rector:; 

Full h:::I on web:;1te 

The company':; principal place of bu:;1ne:;:; 1:; at KPMG Cre:::cent. 
85  Empire Road,  Parktown,  where a h:::t of 1he director:;' name:; 1::: 
available  for  m:::pection 

40

41

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND  
OTHER	COMPREHENSIVE	INCOME

STATEMENT	OF	CASH	FLOWS

s for the year ended 30 June 2018
e
t
o
N

Revenue

13

Investment income

14 Other losses

Expenses

Directors fees

Interest expense

15 Management and consulting fees

16 Operating and administration expenses

Profit before income tax

June 2018 

US$

35,581,956

(682,799)

(150,000)

(2,179,015)

(925,443)

(428,860)

31,215,839

June 2017 

US$ 

14,246,441

(213,826)

(150,000)

(2,627,116)

(662,662)

(314,931)

10,277,906

17

Income tax

Profit for the year

–

–

31,215,839

10,277,906

Other comprehensive income

–

–

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR

31,215,839

10,277,906

s for the year ended 30 June 2018
e
t
o
N

Cash flows from operating activities

19.1 Cash generated/(utilised) by operations

Interest received

Interest expense

Net cash flows from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Investments purchased

Investments sold

Increase in loan to subsidiaries from additional funding

5

5

6

6 Decrease in loan to subsidiaries from repayment

Net cash flows from investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

19.2 Proceeds from issue of shares

19.3 Increase in loan from third party

June 2018 

June 2017 

US$

US$ 

235,803

102

(2,179,015)

(1,943,110)

(703,080)

14

(2,627,116)

(3,330,182)

(41,223,177)

(11,453,601)

331,047

(764,728)

31,816,964

(9,839,894)

26,190,010

–

937,850

15,674,259

66,368

4,000,000

–

–

Profit per share

19.3 Increase in loan from parent from additional funding

18 Basic	and	diluted	profit	per	share	(cents	per	share) 	

0.15

0.06

19.3 (Decrease)/increase in loan from subsidiaries

Net cash flows from financing activities

32,476,042

(115,495)

4,950,881

1,596,355

11,845,034

(12,311,912)

19.3 Decrease in loan from parent from repayment

(24,581,881)

(18,859,148)

Net movement in cash and cash equivalents

62,030

32,165

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

Effect	of	exchange	rate	fluctuations	on	cash	held

7 Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

15,828

209,314

287,172

238,893

(255,230)

15,828

42

43

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018STATEMENT	OF	CHANGES	IN	EQUITY

NOTES	TO	THE	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

s for the year ended 30 June 2018

e
t
o
N

Share  
capital 
US$

Share  
premium 
US$

Options 
US$

Accumulated 
profit/(loss) 
US$

Total 
US$

Balance at 1 July 2016

900

66,233,041

17,265,320

(40,736,127)

42,763,134

Total comprehensive income for the year

–

–

–

10,277,906

10,277,906

Balance at 30 June 2017

900

66,233,041

17,265,320

(30,458,221)

53,041,040

12 Issue of shares

12 Issue of options

1,020

39,532,628

–

865

17,330,823

(17,265,320)

–

–

39,533,648

66,368

Total comprehensive income for the year

–

–

Balance at 30 June 2018

2,785 123,096,492

–

–

31,215,839

31,215,839

757,618 123,856,895

1.  BASIS OF PREPARATION

1.1  Corporate information

Zeta Resources Limited (“Zeta Resources” or “the company”) is an investment company incorporated on 13 August 2012, listed 
on	the	Australian	Stock	Exchange	and	domiciled	in	Bermuda.	The	financial	statements	of	the	company	as	at	and	for	the	year	
ended 30 June 2018 comprise the company only.

1.2  Basis of preparation

The	financial	statements	for	the	period	ended	30	June	2018	have	been	prepared	in	accordance	with	International	Financial	Reporting	
Standards (IFRSs). The following accounting policies have, in all material respects, been applied consistently. The company carries on 
the business of an investment holding company, in accordance with IFRS 10. The purpose of the company is to earn returns through 
capital appreciation or investment income. The company is accordingly applying the consolidation exemption for investments in 
subsidiaries	and	they	will	be	recognised	at	fair	value	through	profit	and	loss.

The	financial	statements	were	authorised	for	issue	by	the	board	of	directors	on	5	September	2018.

1.3  Basis of measurement

The	 financial	 statements	 provide	 information	 about	 the	 financial	 position,	 results	 of	 operations	 and	 changes	 in	 financial	
position	 of	 the	 company.	 They	 have	 been	 prepared	 on	 the	 historic	 cost	 basis	 except	 for	 financial	 instruments	 at	 fair	 value	
through	profit	or	loss,	which	are	measured	at	fair	value.

1.4  Functional and presentation currency

The company’s functional and presentation currency is United States dollars.

1.5  Use of estimates and judgements

The	 preparation	 of	 financial	 statements	 in	 conformity	 with	 IFRS	 requires	 management	 to	 make	 judgements,	 estimates	 and	
assumptions	 that	 affect	 the	 application	 of	 accounting	 policies	 and	 the	 reported	 amounts	 of	 assets,	 liabilities,	 income	 and	
expense.	Actual	results	may	differ	from	these	estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions are recognised in the period in which 
the	estimate	is	revised	and	in	any	future	periods	affected.

Information	about	assumptions	and	estimation	uncertainties	that	have	a	significant	risk	of	resulting	in	a	material	adjustment	
within	the	next	financial	year,	as	well	as	critical	judgements	in	applying	accounting	policies	that	have	the	most	significant	effect	
on	the	amounts	recognised	in	the	financial	statements	are	included	in	note	22.

2.  ADOPTION OF NEW AND REVISED STANDARDS

Future amendments not early adopted in the 2018 year ended financial statements

At	the	date	of	these	financial	statements	the	following	standards,	amendments	to	standards,	and	interpretations,	which	are	
relevant to the company, have been issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, but have not yet been adopted 
by the company.

IFRS	9	Financial	Instruments	-	sets	out	requirements	for	recognising	and	measuring	financial	assets,	financial	liabilities	and	
some	 contracts	 to	 buy	 or	 sell	 non-financial	 items.	 This	 standard	 replaces	 IAS	 39	 Financial	 Instruments:	 Recognition	 and	
Measurement. 

IFRS	9	contains	a	new	classification	and	measurement	approach	for	financial	assets	that	reflects	the	business	model	in	which	
assets	are	managed	and	their	cash	flow	characteristics.	IFRS	9	contains	three	principal	classification	categories	for	financial	
assets:	measured	at	amortised	cost,	fair	value	through	other	comprehensive	income	and	fair	value	through	profit	and	loss.	The	
standard eliminates the existing IAS 39 categories of held to maturity, loans and receivables and available for sale.

Based	on	its	assessment,	Zeta	Resources	Limited	does	not	believe	that	the	new	classification	requirements	will	have	a	material	
impact on its accounting for loans and investments in equity securities that are managed on a fair value basis. At 30 June 2018, 
Zeta	Resources	Limited	had	no	equity	investments	classified	as	available-for-sale	or	at	fair	value	through	other	comprehensive	
income.	Therefore,	all	gains	and	losses	are	recognised	in	profit	and	loss.

44

45

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018NOTES	TO	THE	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS
(continued)

2.  ADOPTION OF NEW AND REVISED STANDARDS (continued)

3.5  Earnings per share (“EPS”)

IFRS 9 replaces the ‘incurred loss’ model in IAS 39 with a forward-looking ‘expected credit loss’ (ECL) model. This will require 
considerable	 judgement	 about	 how	 changes	 in	 economic	 factors	 affect	 ECLs,	 which	 will	 be	 determined	 on	 a	 probability-
weighted basis. In Zeta Resources Limited the new impairment model will only be applicable to loans receivable measured at 
amortised cost. As at 30 June 2018, the total loans measured at amortised cost are US$379,690. As Zeta Resources Limited 
impairment considerations are in line with IFRS 9, Zeta Resources estimates that no additional impairments would be necessary 
under IFRS 9.

IFRS	9	will	be	adopted	for	the	first	time	for	the	year	ending	30	June	2019,	subject	to	certain	transitional	provisions.	The	impact	
on	the	financial	statements	will	be	negligible.

IFRS  15  Revenue  -  the  standard  contains  a  single  model  that  applies  to  contracts  with  customers  and  two  approaches  to 
recognising	revenue:	at	a	point	in	time	or	over	time.	The	model	features	a	contract-based	five-step	analysis	of	transactions	
to	determine	whether,	how	much	and	when	revenue	is	recognised.	The	standard	is	effective	for	annual	periods	beginning	on	
or	after	1	January	2018,	with	early	adoption	permitted	under	IFRS.	This	new	standard	will	have	no	significant	impact	on	the	
company as the main revenue streams consists of dividend income and realised and unrealised gains.

IFRS 16 Leases - as Zeta Resources is an investment entity, its main operations are to invest in securities. All other business 
operations are outsourced and therefore no leases are held by Zeta Resources. This indicates that IFRS 16 will have no impact 
on Zeta Resources.

Amendments	to	IAS	7	-	the	amendments	provide	for	disclosures	that	enable	users	of	financial	statements	to	evaluate	changes	
in	liabilities	arising	from	financing	activities,	including	both	changes	arising	from	cash	flow	and	non-cash	changes.	This	includes	
providing	a	reconciliation	between	the	opening	and	closing	balances	for	liabilities	arising	from	financing	activities. 													

3.  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accounting policies detailed below have been consistently applied by the company.

3.1  Revenue

Dividends receivable are recognised as income on the ex-dividend date.

Gains or losses on the sale of investments are recorded on the trade date.

Investment	income	also	comprises	gains	on	changes	in	the	fair	value	of	financial	assets	at	fair	value	through	profit	or	loss.

Interest income is accrued on a time basis by reference to the principal outstanding and at the interest rate applicable.

3.2  Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs are recognised as an expense when incurred.

3.3 

Income tax

Current  tax  assets  and  liabilities  for  the  current  and  prior  periods  are  measured  at  the  amount  expected  to  be  recovered 
from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or 
substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. 

3.4  Foreign currency

Foreign currency transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currencies of the company at exchange rates 
at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are 
retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. The foreign currency gain or loss on monetary items 
is	 the	 difference	 between	 amortised	 cost	 in	 the	 functional	 currency	 at	 the	 beginning	 of	 the	 period,	 adjusted	 for	 effective	
interest and payments during the period, and the amortised cost in foreign currency translated at the exchange rate at the 
end	of	the	period.	The	foreign	currency	gains	or	losses	are	recognised	in	profit	or	loss.

Foreign	currency	differences	arising	on	retranslation	are	recognised	in	other	comprehensive	income.

Basic EPS is calculated as net result attributable to members, adjusted to exclude costs of servicing equity (other than dividends) 
and preference share dividends, divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares, adjusted for any bonus element.

Diluted EPS is calculated as net result attributable to members, adjusted for:

• 

• 

• 

costs of servicing equity (other than dividends) and preference share dividends;

the	after	tax	effect	of	dividends	and	interest	associated	with	potential	dilutive	ordinary	shares	that	have	been	recognised	
as expenses; and

other  non-discretionary  changes  in  revenues  or  expenses  during  the  period  that  would  result  from  the  dilution  of 
potential  ordinary  shares  divided  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  and  potential  dilutive  ordinary 
shares, adjusted for any bonus element.

3.6  Financial instruments

Non-derivative financial instruments

Non-derivative	financial	instruments	comprise	investments	in	listed	and	unlisted	securities,	investment	loans,	trade	and	other	
receivables, cash and cash equivalents, trade and other payables and amounts due to/from brokers.

Non-derivative	financial	instruments	are	recognised	initially	at	fair	value	plus,	for	instruments	not	at	fair	value	through	profit	
or	loss,	any	directly	attributable	transaction	costs.	Subsequent	to	initial	recognition	non-derivative	financial	instruments	are	
measured as described below.

Recognition and derecognition of financial instruments
Financial instruments are recognised when, and only when, the company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the 
particular	instrument.	The	company	derecognises	a	financial	asset	when	the	contractual	rights	to	the	cash	flows	arising	from	
the	financial	asset	have	expired	or	when	it	transfers	the	rights	to	receive	the	contractual	cash	flows	on	the	financial	asset	in	a	
transaction	in	which	substantially	all	the	risks	and	rewards	of	ownership	of	the	financial	asset	are	transferred.

A	financial	liability	is	derecognised	when	the	liability	is	extinguished,	that	being,	when	the	obligation	specified	in	the	contract	
is	discharged,	cancelled	or	has	expired.	The	difference	between	the	carrying	amount	of	a	financial	liability	assumed	(or	part	
thereof) extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred 
or	liabilities	assumed,	is	recognised	in	profit	or	loss.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Investment  purchases  and  sales  are  accounted  for  on  the  trade  date,  exclusive  of  transaction  costs.  Investments  used  for 
efficient	portfolio	management	are	classified	as	being	at	fair	value	through	profit	or	loss.	As	the	company’s	business	is	investing	
in	financial	assets	with	a	view	to	profiting	from	their	total	return	in	the	form	of	dividends,	interest	or	increases	in	fair	value,	its	
investments	are	designated	as	being	at	fair	value	through	profit	or	loss	on	initial	recognition.

Gains  and  losses  on  investments  are  analysed  within  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income  as  capital  return.  Quoted 
investments  are  shown  at  fair  value  using  market  bid  prices.  The  fair  value  of  unquoted  investments  is  determined  by  the 
board. In exercising its judgement over the value of these investments, the board uses valuation techniques which take into 
account, where appropriate, latest dealing prices, valuations from reliable sources, asset values, earnings and other relevant 
factors.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash  and  cash  equivalents  are  measured  at  amortised  cost  at  the  reporting  date.  Cash  and  cash  equivalents  comprise 
operating cash balances, call deposits and short-term deposits with a maturity of three months or less.

Non-derivative financial liabilities

The	company	has	the	following	non-derivative	financial	liabilities:	loans	and	borrowings,	trade	and	other	receivables,	trade	and	
other payables and amounts due to/from brokers.

All	other	financial	liabilities	(including	liabilities	designated	at	fair	value	through	profit	or	loss)	are	recognised	initially	on	the	
trade date at which the company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. The company derecognises 
a	financial	liability	when	its	contractual	obligations	are	discharged	or	cancelled	or	expire.	The	difference	between	the	carrying	
amount	of	a	financial	liability	assumed	(or	part	thereof),	extinguished	or	transferred	to	another	party	and	consideration	paid,	
including	any	non-cash	assets	transferred	or	liabilities	assumed,	is	recognised	in	profit	or	loss.

46

47

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018NOTES	TO	THE	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS
(continued)

3.  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

3.6  Financial instruments (continued)

Trade and other payables
Trade and other payables are initially recognised at original invoice amount and are subsequently stated at amortised cost 
by	 applying	 the	 effective	 interest	 method.	 Trade	 and	 other	 payables	 are	 not	 discounted	 where	 the	 effects	 of	 discounting	
is  considered  immaterial.  Trade  and  other  payables  are  settled  within  30  to  90  days  and  are  interest  free.  Any  gains  on 
derecognition	are	recognised	in	profit	or	loss.

3.7 

Impairment of assets

Financial assets

A	financial	asset	is	assessed	at	each	reporting	date	to	determine	whether	there	is	any	objective	evidence	that	it	is	impaired.	A	
financial	asset	is	considered	to	be	impaired	if	objective	evidence	indicates	that	one	or	more	events	have	had	a	negative	effect	
on	the	estimated	future	cash	flows	of	that	asset.

An	impairment	loss	in	respect	of	a	financial	asset	is	calculated	as	the	difference	between	its	carrying	amount,	and	the	present	
value	of	the	estimated	future	cash	flows	discounted	at	the	original	effective	interest	rate.	An	impairment	loss	in	respect	of	an	
available-for-sale	financial	asset	is	calculated	by	reference	to	its	fair	value.

Significant	 financial	 assets	 are	 tested	 for	 impairment	 on	 an	 individual	 basis.	 The	 remaining	 financial	 assets	 are	 assessed	
collectively	in	groups	that	share	similar	credit	risk	characteristics.	All	impairment	losses	are	recognised	in	profit	or	loss.	Any	
cumulative	loss	in	respect	of	an	available	for-sale	financial	asset	recognised	previously	in	equity	is	transferred	to	profit	or	loss.

Financial assets related to subsidiaries are measured at fair value under IAS 39, in line with the requirements for investment 
entities under IFRS 10.

Non-financial assets

The	 carrying	 amounts	 of	 the	 non-financial	 assets,	 other	 than	 deferred	 tax	 assets,	 are	 reviewed	 at	 each	 reporting	 date	 to	
determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount 
is estimated. An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. 
Impairment	losses	are	recognised	in	profit	or	loss.

The recoverable amount of an asset is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less cost to sell. The fair value less cost to 
sell is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in an arm’s length transaction less the cost of disposal. While assessing 
value	in	use,	the	estimated	future	cash	flows	are	discounted	to	their	present	value	using	a	pre-tax	discount	rate	that	reflects	
the	current	market	assessments	of	the	time	value	of	money	and	the	risks	specific	to	the	asset.

In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications 
that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates 
used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount 
does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment 
loss had been recognised.

3.8  Share capital

Ordinary	 shares	 are	 classified	 as	 equity.	 Incremental	 costs	 directly	 attributable	 to	 the	 issue	 of	 ordinary	 shares	 and	 share	
options are recognised as a deduction from equity.

3.9  Provisions and accruals

Provisions  are  recognised  when  the  company  has  a  present  legal  or  constructive  obligation  as  a  result  of  past  events,  for 
which	it	is	probable	that	an	outflow	of	economic	benefits	will	occur,	and	where	a	reliable	estimate	can	be	made	of	the	amount	
of the obligation. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the statement of comprehensive income net of any 
reimbursement.	 If	 the	 effect	 of	 discounting	 is	 material,	 provisions	 are	 discounted.	 The	 discount	 rate	 used	 is	 a	 pre-tax	 rate	
that	reflects	current	market	assessments	of	the	time	value	of	money	and,	where	appropriate,	the	risks	specific	to	the	liability.

4. 

INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES

At fair value

Investment in Kumarina Resources Pty Limited ("Kumarina")

3,063,498

3,181,100

June 2018 
US$

June 2017 
US$ 

Investment in Zeta Energy Pte. Ltd. ("Zeta Energy")

Investment in Axelrock Limited ("Axelrock")

Investment	in	Pan	Pacific	Petroleum	Pty	Limited	("PPP")

Investment	in	Pan	Pacific	Petroleum	Vietnam	Pty	Limited	("PPP 	
Vietnam")

Investment	in	Pan	Pacific	Petroleum	JPDA	Pty	Limited	("PPP	JPDA")

Investment in Zeta Investments Limited ("Zeta Investments")

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

–

–

–

–

1

Investments in subsidiaries are held as part of the investment portfolio and consequently, in accordance with IFRS 10 are not 
consolidated	but	rather	shown	at	fair	value	through	profit	and	loss.	The	directors’	fair	valuation	of	Kumarina	is	still	considered	
to	 be	 its	 2013	 cost	 value	 as	 there	 have	 been	 no	 significant	 changes	 in	 the	 entity	 and	 its	 prospects.	 The	 company	 had	 the	
following subsidiaries as at 30 June 2018:

3,063,504

3,181,102

30 June 2017

Kumarina incorporated in Australia

Zeta Investments incorporated in Bermuda

Zeta Energy incorporated in Singapore

30 June 2018

Kumarina incorporated in Australia

Zeta Investments incorporated in Bermuda

Zeta Energy incorporated in Singapore

PPP	Vietnam	incorporated	in	Australia

PPP JPDA incorporated in Australia

PPP incorporated in Australia

Axelrock incorporated in Bermuda

Number of  
ordinary shares

Percentage of 
ordinary shares held

26,245,210

1,000

1

100%

100%

100%

Number of  
ordinary shares

Percentage of 
ordinary shares held

26,245,210

1,000

1

2

2

581,942,846

100

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

48

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Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018NOTES	TO	THE	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS
(continued)

5. 

INVESTMENTS

6. 

LOANS TO SUBSIDIARIES

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Equity securities at fair value

Ordinary shares – listed 

Subscription and other rights – unlisted 

Equity securities at cost

Ordinary shares – listed 

Subscription and other rights – unlisted 

Investments held by the company at the reporting date

Listed

Bligh Resources Limited

GME Resources Limited

Panoramic Resources Limited

Oilex Limited

Resolute Mining Limited

Other Investments

Unlisted
Other investments

Other rights

June 2018 
US$

161,187,270

135,475,520

25,711,750

161,187,270

101,986,368

33,830,307

135,816,675

June 2017 
US$ 

47,685,376

47,276,793

408,583

47,685,376

45,142,335

706,040

45,848,375

Number of 
shares

253,742,974

193,655,109

149,543,439

121,323,567

20,784,000

49,433,602

625,281,622

1,038,331

 During the reporting period the company completed a total of 315 transactions (2017: 256 transactions) in securities and paid 
a total of US$52,269 (2017: US$54,634) in brokerage on those transactions.

During the current year US$41.2 million of investments were acquired for cash, US$13.5 million of investments were acquired 
through the repayment of its subsidiary Zeta Energy’s loan and US$36.1 million of investments were acquired through the 
issue	of	share	capital.	For	further	information	please	see	Statement	of	cash	flows	and	note	12. 	

During  the  reporting  period  the  company  also  received  loans  from  its  subsidiary  Zeta  Energy.  To  secure  the  loans  Zeta 
Resources has pledged certain quantities of its shares held in listed entities.

The shares pledged include: Resolute Mining Limited (15,000,000) and Panoramic Resources Limited (5,000,000).

Loan to Zeta Energy

Loan to Kumarina

June 2018      
US$

27,010

352,680

379,690

June 2017 
US$ 

29,735,459

291,747

30,027,206

 The  loan  to  Zeta  Energy  is  denominated  in  Australian  dollars  to  the  value  of  A$(190,652)  (2017:  A$20.669  million),  British 
pounds to the value of UK£11,100 (2017: UK£1.0 million), New Zealand dollars to the value of NZ$6.2 million (2017: NZ$26.340 
million),  South  African  rands  to  the  value  of  R4,000  (2017:  Nil),  Singapore  dollars  to  the  value  of  SG$5,100  (2017:  Nil)  and 
United	States	dollars	to	the	value	of	US$(149,788)	(2017:	Nil).	There	are	no	fixed	repayment	terms	and	no	interest	is	charged.	
During the period ended 30 June 2018, the loan to Zeta Energy, which was utilised for the purchase of listed investments, 
was	impaired,	through	profit	and	loss,	to	the	fair	value	of	the	company	as	determined	by	the	directors.	In	determining	the	fair	
value of Zeta Energy, the directors have valued the listed investment held by the company at market value of the exchange it is 
listed on. As at 30 June 2018 the impairment to the loan totalled US$3.898 million which resulted in a recovery of impairments 
raised in prior years of US$12.875 million. Please see note 13. The loan to Kumarina is denominated in Australian dollars and 
is	interest	free.	There	are	no	fixed	repayment	terms	except	that	no	repayment	is	due	before	30	June	2019.

7.  CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash balance comprises:

Cash at bank

June 2018 
US$

June 2017 
US$ 

287,172

15,828

Cash	 at	 bank	 earns	 interest	 at	 floating	 rates	 based	 on	 daily	 bank	 deposit	 rates.	 Short	 term	 deposits	 are	 made	 for	 varying	
periods between three to six months depending on the immediate cash requirements of the company, and earn interest at 
the respective short-term deposit rates.

8. 

LOAN FROM SUBSIDIARY

Loan from Zeta Energy

June 2018 
US$

5,235,527

June 2017 
US$ 

5,351,022

The loan from Zeta Energy is denominated in Australian dollars to the value of A$6.235 million (30 June 2017: A$6.01 million) 
and New Zealand dollars to the value of NZ$924,000 (30 June 2017: NZ$1.01 million) and currently attracts interest at rates 
between 4.35% and 6.85% per annum (30 June 2017: 4.35% and 6.85%) on the Australian dollar loan and at 6.00% per annum 
(30	June	2017:	6.00%)	on	the	New	Zealand	dollar	loan.	There	are	no	fixed	repayment	terms	except	that	no	repayment	is	due	
before 30 June 2019. Zeta Energy has in turn borrowed these funds on the same interest and repayment terms. In order to 
secure the loans Zeta Resources has pledged certain of its investments. The shares pledged include: Resolute Mining Limited 
(15,000,000) and Panoramic Resources Limited (5,000,000).

50

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Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018NOTES	TO	THE	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS
(continued)

9. 

LOAN FROM PARENT

Loan from UIL Limited (“UIL”)

June 2018 
US$

30,151,190

June 2017 
US$ 

22,257,029

The loan is denominated in Australian dollars to the value of A$18.615 million (30 June 2017: A$28.99 million) and in Canadian 
dollars to the value of CA$21.542 million (30 June 2017: CA$0), and currently attracts interest at 7.5% per annum (30 June 
2017:  7.5%)  on  the  Australian  dollar  loan  and  7.25%  on  the  Canadian  dollar  loan.  There  are  no  repayment  terms  and  no 
repayment is due before 30 June 2019. During the year the company converted A$20.7 million of loans into CA$20 million. 
During  the  year  the  company  received  A$39.661  million  and  CA$1.333  million  of  funding  for  the  purchase  of  investments, 
capitalised interest of A$2.142 million and CA$209,014 and made further repayments of A$31.453 million.

10.  LOAN FROM THIRD PARTY

Loan from Bermuda Commercial Bank Limited

June 2018 
US$

4,000,000

June 2017 
US$ 

–

The	loan	denominated	in	United	States	dollars	currently	attracts	interest	at	US$	3-month	LIBOR	+	4.25%	per	annum.	The	loan	
matures within the following 12 months. Please see note 21.

11.  TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

Payable to ICM Limited

Rehabilitation provision

Accruals

June 2018 
US$

459,890

900,000

314,134

1,674,024

June 2017 
US$ 

–

–

260,421

260,421

The accruals are for audit, management, directors and administration fees payable. The rehabilitation provision is raised for 
the  restoration  and  rehabilitation  obligation  resulting  from  operations  previously  undertaken  by  PPP  JPDA.  The  timing  and 
amount of this liability is uncertain.

Number of 
shares

Share  
capital

Share 
premium

12.  SHARE CAPITAL AND SHARE PREMIUM

Authorised 

5,000,000,000 ordinary shares of par value US$0.00001

Issued

Ordinary shares

Balance as at incorporation

Issued at incorporation as US$1 par shares

Shares split into 10,000,000 shares of US$0.00001 each

Issued in consideration for purchase of investments from UIL

Issued in consideration for purchase of 100% of Kumarina Resources 
Limited

Issued	under	initial	public	offering

Issued under public rights issue dated 10 February 2014

Following shareholder approval, issued under ASX listing rule 10.11 
dated 7 December 2015

Balance as at 30 June 2017

Issued under a scheme of arrangement pursuant to acquiring all the 
ordinary	share	capital	of	Pan	Pacific	Petroleum	NL

Issued pursuant to an exercise of options on 10 November 2017

Issued in consideration for purchase of investments from Somers 
Isles Private Trust Company Limited

100

9,999,900

22,835,042

17,775,514

4,000

42,616,164

6,769,280

100,000,000

11,914,689

86,461,440

90,144,895

–

–

–

228

178

–

426

68

900

119

865

901

–

–

–

32,221,936

13,406,337

3,795

19,249,296

1,351,677

66,233,041

3,467,556

17,330,823

36,065,072

Balance as at 30 June 2018

288,521,024

2,785

123,096,492

For	further	details	related	to	the	cash	flows	arising	from	the	share	issue	transactions	please	see	note	19.2.

Options

June 2018 
US$

June 2017 
US$

Options

Balance at the beginning of the year (Note (a))

86,461,440

17,265,320

17,265,320

Exercised during the year

Balance at the end of the year

(86,461,440)

(17,265,320)

–

–

–

17,265,320

Note (a) – The options were exercisable at an exercise price of A$0.001 into one ordinary share until 7 December 2019.

52

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Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018NOTES	TO	THE	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS
(continued)

13.  INVESTMENT INCOME

17.  INCOME TAX

Interest income

Dividend income

Realised gains

Unrealised fair value gains:

Financial	assets	at	fair	value	through	profit	or	loss

Recovery of prior impairments of loan to subsidiary at fair value 
through	profit	or	loss

14.  OTHER LOSSES

Foreign exchange (losses)/gains

Other (losses)/income

15.  MANAGEMENT AND CONSULTING FEES

Management and consulting fees

June 2018 
US$

102

318,616

96,590

35,166,648

22,291,678

12,874,970

June 2017 
US$ 

14

380,939

8,361,485

5,504,003

4,342,269

1,161,734

35,581,956

14,246,441

June 2018 
US$

209,314

(892,113)

(682,799)

June 2018 
US$

925,443

June 2017 
US$ 

(255,230)

41,404

(213,826)

June 2017 
US$ 

662,662

The company entered into an investment management agreement with ICM Limited (Bermuda registered) on 3 June 2018. 
Management fees are payable at a rate of 0.5% per annum, of funds managed on calculation date, payable quarterly in arrears 
and pro-rated for any period less than three months.

Performance	fees	are	payable	annually	at	year	end	on	the	difference	between	adjusted	equity	funds	(adjusted	for	any	dividends	
paid or accrued) on calculation date less adjusted base equity funds (high-water mark) previously used in the performance 
fee calculation multiplied by 15%. The adjusted base equity funds is the base equity fund used in the last performance fee 
calculation adjusted by the average percentage income yield on the S&P/ASX 300 Metals and Mining Index. No performance 
fee was payable in the current period (2017: US$ Nil).

Either party may terminate the agreement with six months’ notice.

16.  OPERATING AND ADMINISTRATION EXPENSES

Operating and administration expenses consist of:

Accounting fees

Audit fees

Australian Stock Exchange listing fees and regulation costs

Insurance costs

Other expenses

June 2018 
US$

June 2017 
US$ 

139,262

22,040

86,656

13,444

167,458

428,860

115,645

20,838

55,620

14,153

108,675

314,931

The company has elected to be tax exempt in terms of local Bermudian legislation. As such no tax is payable.

18.  EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings per share

June 2018 
US$

0.15

June 2017 
US$ 

0.06

Profit used in calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share

31,215,839

10,277,906

Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year 
used in calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share

201,443,782

186,461,440

The weighted average number of ordinary shares calculation is based on the year beginning 1 July 2017. For details of cash 
flows	arising	from	the	shares	issued	during	the	year	refer	to	note	19.2.

In  the  prior  year  an  adjustment  was  made  for  the  86,461,440  options  as  they  were  considered  to  be  in  substance  issued 
shares. These were exercised on 10 November 2017 and have been included in the weighted average calculation.

19.  NOTES TO THE CASH FLOW STATEMENT

19.1 Cash generated/(utilised) by operations

Income	before	income	tax	benefit

Adjustments for:

Realised gains on investments

Fair	value	profit	on	revaluation	of	investments

Rehabilitation Provision

Foreign exchange gain/(losses)

Interest income

Interest expense

Operating	profit/(loss)	before	working	capital	change

Decrease in trade and other receivables

Increase in trade and other payables

Decrease in balance due to brokers

June 2018 
US$

June 2017 
US$ 

31,215,839

10,277,906

(96,590)

(35,166,648)

900,000

(209,314)

(102)

2,179,015

(1,177,800)

–

1,413,603

–

235,803

(8,361,485)

(5,504,003)

–

255,230

(14)

2,627,116

(705,250)

12,109

68,201

(78,140)

(703,080)

54

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Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018NOTES	TO	THE	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS
(continued)

19.  NOTES TO THE CASH FLOW STATEMENT (continued) 

Categories of financial instruments

19.2 Issue of shares 

Shares issued for consideration 
During the year ended 30 June 2016, following shareholder approval, the company 
issued 86,461,440 options at a cost of A$0.2817 per option, to UIL Limited, raising the 
equivalent of US$17.27 million. In the current year, the options were exercised on 10 
November 2017 at an exercise price of A$0.001 per option.

Loan from 
third party 
US$

June 2018 
US$

June 2017 
US$ 

66,368

Share  
capital 
US$

–

Share 
premium 
US$

19.3 Reconciliation of movements of liabilities to cash flows arising from 

financing activities

Balance at 1 July 2017

–

5,351,022

22,257,029

Proceeds from loans and borrowings

4,000,000

7,574,807

32,476,042

Repayment of borrowings

Balance as at 30 June 2018

20.  AUDITOR REMUNERATION

–

(7,690,302)

(24,581,881)

4,000,000

5,235,527

30,151,190

Amounts	received	or	due	and	receivable	by	the	auditors	for	audit	of	financial 	
statements

June 2018 
US$

June 2017 
US$ 

22,040

20,838

21.  GOING CONCERN

The	financial	statements	have	been	prepared	on	a	going	concern	basis.	The	majority	of	the	company’s	assets	consist	of	equity	
shares in listed companies and in most circumstances are realisable within a short timescale. The use of the going concern 
basis of accounting is appropriate because there are no material uncertainties related to events or conditions that may cast 
significant	doubt	about	the	ability	of	the	company	to	continue	as	a	going	concern.	After	making	enquiries,	the	directors	have	
a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable 
future. Accordingly, the directors continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the accounts.

As at the year end, the company had a US$4 million loan facility with Bermuda Commercial Bank expiring on 8 March 2019. The 
company is in negotiation with Bermuda Commercial Bank to extend the facility. If the terms on the loan cannot be renegotiated 
the company will repay the outstanding debt when due from the realisation of portfolio investments. Creditors and short term 
payables	as	at	year	end	have	all	been	settled	through	cash	flow	generated	from	the	realisation	of	portfolio	investments.

22.  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The board of directors, together with the Investment Manager, is responsible for the company’s risk management. The directors’ 
policies	and	processes	for	managing	the	financial	risks	are	set	out	below.	These	financial	risks	are	principally	related	to	the	
market (currency movements, interest rate changes and security price movements), liquidity and credit and counterparty risk.

The	accounting	policies	which	govern	the	reported	statement	of	financial	position	carrying	values	of	the	underlying	financial	
assets	 and	 liabilities,	 as	 well	 as	 the	 related	 income	 and	 expenditure,	 are	 set	 out	 in	 note	 3	 to	 the	 financial	 statements.	 The	
policies	are	in	compliance	with	IFRS	and	best	practice,	and	include	the	valuation	of	certain	financial	assets	and	liabilities	at	fair	
value	through	profit	and	loss.

The	 analysis	 of	 assets	 into	 their	 categories	 as	 defined	 in	 IAS	 39	 “Financial	 Instruments:	 Recognition	 and	 Measurement”	 
(IAS	39)	is	set	out	in	the	following	table.	For	completeness,	assets	and	liabilities	of	a	non-financial	nature,	or	financial	assets	and	
liabilities	that	are	specifically	excluded	from	the	scope	of	IAS	39,	are	reflected	in	the	non-financial	assets	and	liabilities	category.

The	 table	 below	 sets	 out	 the	 company	 classification	 of	 each	 class	 of	 financial	 assets	 and	 liabilities.	 All	 assets	 and	 liabilities	
approximate their fair values:

30 June 2018

Assets

Investments in subsidiaries

Investments

Loans to subsidiaries

Cash and cash equivalents

Liabilities

Loans from subsidiaries

Trade and other payables

Loan from parent

Loan from third party

30 June 2017

Assets

Investments in subsidiaries

Investments

Loans to subsidiaries

Cash and cash equivalents

Liabilities

Loans from subsidiaries

Trade and other payables

Loan from parent

Designated at fair  
value through  
profit and loss 
US$

Loans and receivables 
at fair value through 
profit and loss 
US$

Total  
carrying value 
US$

3,063,504

161,187,270

–

–

164,250,774

–

–

–

–

–

3,181,102

47,685,376

–

–

50,866,478

–

–

–

–

–

–

379,690

287,172

666,862

5,235,527

1,674,024

30,151,190

4,000,000

41,060,741

–

–

30,027,206

15,828

30,043,034

5,351,022

260,421

22,257,029

27,868,472

3,063,504

161,187,270

379,690

287,172

164,917,636

5,235,527

1,674,024

30,151,190

4,000,000

41,060,741

3,181,102

47,685,376

30,027,206

15,828

80,909,512

5,351,022

260,421

22,257,029

27,868,472

56

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Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018NOTES	TO	THE	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS
(continued)

22.  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (continued)

22.1  Market risks

The	fair	value	of	equity	and	other	financial	securities	held	in	the	company’s	portfolio	fluctuates	with	changes	in	market	prices.	
Prices	are	themselves	affected	by	movements	in	currencies	and	interest	rates	and	by	other	financial	issues,	including	the	market	
perception of future risks. The board sets policies for managing these risks within the company’s objective and meets regularly to 
review	full,	timely	and	relevant	information	on	investment	performance	and	financial	results.	The	Investment	Manager	assesses	
exposure to market risks when making each investment decision and monitors on-going market risk within the portfolio.

The  company’s  other  assets  and  liabilities  may  be  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  United  States  dollars  and  may  also 
be  exposed  to  interest  rate  risks.  The  Investment  Manager  and  the  board  regularly  monitor  these  risks.  The  company  does 
not	 normally	 hold	 significant	 cash	 balances.	 Borrowings	 are	 limited	 to	 amounts	 and	 currencies	 commensurate	 with	 the	
portfolio’s exposure to those currencies, thereby limiting the company’s exposure to future changes to amounts and currencies 
commensurate with the portfolio’s exposure to those currencies, thereby limiting the company’s exposure to future changes in 
exchange rates.

Gearing may be short- or long-term, in United States dollars and foreign currencies, and enables the company to take a long-
term view of the countries and markets in which it is invested without having to be concerned about short-term volatility. Income 
earned	in	foreign	currencies	is	converted	to	United	States	dollars	on	receipt.	The	board	regularly	monitors	the	effects	on	net	
revenue of interest earned on deposits and paid on gearing.

Currency exposure

The principal currencies to which the company was exposed were the Australian dollar, Sterling and New Zealand dollar.  The 
exchange rates applying against the United States dollar at 30 June 2018 and the average rates for the year were as follows:

AUD – Australian dollar 

CAD – Canadian dollar

NZD – New Zealand dollar 

June 2018

0.7394

0.7607

0.6770

Average

0.7752

0.7872

0.7147

The  company’s  monetary  assets  and  liabilities  at  30  June  2018  (shown  at  fair  value),  by  currency  based  on  the  country  of 
primary operations, are shown below:

USD

192

–

–

–

AUD

107,291

467,000

6,235,050

CAD

272,941

–

–

18,615,260

21,541,670

4,000,000

1,194,766

–

630,497

–

–

NZD

21

–

923,984

–

–

–

5,194,958

26,055,098

21,814,611

924,005

30 June 2018

Cash and cash equivalents

Loans to subsidiaries

Loans from subsidiaries

Loan from parent

Loan from third party

Trade and other payables

Net monetary assets

30 June 2017

Cash and cash equivalents

Loans to subsidiaries

Loans from subsidiaries

Loan from parent

Trade and other payables

Based	 on	 the	 financial	 assets	 and	 liabilities	 held,	 and	 exchange	 rates	 applying,	 at	 the	 reporting	 date,	 a	 weakening	 or	
strengthening of the United States dollar against each of these currencies by 10% would have had the following approximate 
effect	on	annualised	income	after	tax	and	on	net	asset	value	(NAV)	per	share:

Strengthening of the United States Dollar

Increase/(decrease)	in	total	comprehensive	profit	
for the year ended 30 June 2018

Decrease in total comprehensive loss for the year 
ended 30 June 2017

Weakening of the United States Dollar
Increase/(decrease)	in	total	comprehensive	profit	
for the year ended 30 June 2018

Increase in total comprehensive loss for the year 
ended 30 June 2017

AUD

CAD

NZD

Total

(10,663,959)

77,871

62,549

(10,523,539)

(3,826,679)

(161,552)

(1,849,220)

(5,837,451)

10,663,959

(77,871)

(62,549)

10,523,539

3,826,679

161,552

1,849,220

5,837,451

These analyses are broadly representative of the company’s activities during the current year as a whole, although the level of 
the	company’s	exposure	to	currencies	fluctuates	in	accordance	with	the	investment	and	risk	management	processes.

Interest rate exposure 

The	exposure	of	the	financial	assets	and	liabilities	to	interest	rate	risks	at	30	June	2018	is	shown	below:

30 June 2018

Exposure	to	floating	rates:

Cash
Loan from third party

Exposure	to	fixed	rates:

Loan from subsidiaries
Loan from parent

30 June 2017
Exposure	to	floating	rates:
Cash

Exposure	to	fixed	rates:
Loan from subsidiaries
Loan from parent

Within  
one year 
US$

Greater than  
one year 
US$

Total 
US$

287,172
(4,000,000)

–
–

287,172
(4,000,000)

–
–

(5,235,527)
(30,151,190)

(5,235,527)
(30,151,190)

15,828

–

15,828

–
–

(5,351,022)
(22,257,029)

(5,351,022)
(22,257,029)

USD

1,656

AUD

14,089

7,679,016

10,040,059

–

–

(4,613,964)

(22,257,029)

(164,815)

(81,739)

CAD

–

–

–

–

–

–

NZD

83

12,308,131

(737,058)

–

(75)

11,571,081

Exposures vary throughout the year as a consequence of changes in the make-up of the net assets of the company arising out of 
the	investment	and	risk	management	processes.	The	company	tends	to	limit	its	cash	reserves	and	interest	earned	is	insignificant	
and	therefore	not	sensitive	to	interest	rate	changes.	Borrowings	are	at	a	fixed	rate	and	not	sensitive	to	interest	rate	risk.

Other market risk exposures 
The portfolio of investments, valued at US$161,187,270 at 30 June 2018 (30 June 2017: US$47,685,376) is exposed to market 
price changes. The Investment Manager assesses these exposures at the time of making each investment decision. An analysis 
of the portfolio by country is set out on note 24.

Price sensitivity risk analysis 
A  10%  decline  in  the  market  price  of  the  listed  investment  held  by  the  company  would  result  in  an  unrealised  loss  of 
US$16,118,727.	A	10%	appreciation	in	the	market	price	would	have	the	opposite	effect.

Net monetary (liabilities)/assets

7,515,857

(16,898,584)

58

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Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018NOTES	TO	THE	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS
(continued)

22.  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (continued)

22.2  Liquidity risk exposure

Liquidity	risk	is	the	risk	that	the	company	will	not	be	able	to	meet	its	financial	obligations	as	they	fall	due.	The	company’s	approach	
to	managing	liquidity	is	to	ensure,	as	far	as	possible,	that	it	will	always	have	sufficient	liquidity	to	meets	its	liabilities	when	due,	under	
both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the company’s reputation. The 
Investment	Manager	reviews	liquidity	at	the	time	of	making	each	investment	decision.	The	contractual	maturities	of	the	financial	
liabilities, based on the earliest date on which payment can be required, were as follows:

30 June 2018

Loan from subsidiaries

Trade and other payables

Loans from parent

Loan from third party

30 June 2017

Loan from subsidiaries

Trade and other payables

Loans from parent

Twelve months 
 or less 
US$

More than  
a year 
US$

–

5,235,527

1,674,024

–

–

30,151,190

4,000,000

5,674,024

–

35,386,717

–

260,421

–

260,421

5,351,022

–

22,257,029

27,608,051

Total 
US$

5,235,527

1,674,024

30,151,190

4,000,000

41,060,741

5,351,022

260,421

22,257,029

27,868,472

22.3  Credit risk and counterparty exposure

The company is exposed to potential failure by counterparties to deliver securities for which the company has paid, or to pay for 
securities which the company has delivered. To mitigate against credit and counterparty risk broker counterparties are selected 
based on a combination of criteria, including credit rating, balance sheet strength and membership of a relevant regulatory body.

Cash and deposits are held with reputable banks. The company has an on-going contract with its Custodians for the provision of 
custody services. The contracts are reviewed regularly. Details of securities held in custody on behalf of the company are received 
and reconciled monthly.

Maximum exposure to credit risk

The company has loan assets totalling US$379,690 (2017: US$30,027,206) that is exposed to credit risk.

None	of	the	company’s	financial	assets	are	past	due,	but	the	loan	asset	to	Zeta	Energy	has	been	impaired	as	per	note	6.	The	
company’s  principal  banker  is  Bermuda  Commercial  Bank  (rated  by  Fitch  as  BBB-)  and  the  company’s  principal  custodian  is  
JP Morgan Chase Bank (rated by Fitch as AA-). The subsidiary Kumarina holds a bank account with National Australia Bank (rated 
by Fitch as AA-).

22.4  Fair values of financial assets and liabilities

The	assets	and	liabilities	of	the	company	are,	in	the	opinion	of	the	directors,	reflected	in	the	statement	of	financial	position	at	fair	
value.	Borrowings	under	loan	facilities	do	not	have	a	value	materially	different	from	their	capital	repayment	amount.	Borrowings	
in foreign currencies are converted into United States dollars at exchanges rates ruling at each valuation date.

Unquoted investments are valued based on professional assumptions and advice that is not wholly supported by prices from 
current market transactions or by observable market data.

Valuation of financial instruments

The	table	below	analyses	financial	assets	measured	at	fair	value	at	the	end	of	the	year	by	the	level	in	the	fair	value	hierarchy	into	
which the fair value measurement is categorised:

Level 1  

The fair values are measured using quoted prices in active markets.

Level 2 

Level 3 

The fair values are measured using inputs, other than quoted prices, that are included within level 1, that are  
observable for the asset.

The  fair  values  are  measured  using  inputs  for  the  asset  or  liability  that  are  not  based  on  observable  market  
data. The directors make use of recognised valuation techniques and may take account of recent arms’ length   
transactions in the same or similar investments.

The directors regularly review the principles applied by the Investment Manager to those valuations to ensure they comply with 
the company’s accounting policies and with fair value principles.

Level 3 financial instruments

Valuation methodology
The	directors	have	satisfied	themselves	as	to	the	methodology	used,	the	discount	rates	and	key	assumptions	applied,	and	the	
valuation. The level 3 assets have each been assessed based on its industry, location and business cycle. Where sensible, the 
directors have taken into account observable data and events to underpin the valuations.

The level 3 investments are split between (a) unlisted companies and (b) investments and loans in subsidiaries.

(a)  Unlisted companies

Seacrest L.P. (“Seacrest”) - Bermuda incorporated
Valuation	inputs:	The	unlisted	investment	comprises	an	equity	interest	in	Seacrest.	The	company’s	sole	asset	is	its	holding	in	
Azimuth Limited (“Azimuth”), a joint venture between Seacrest and PGS (the listed Norwegian seismic data service company). 
Azimuth owns a number of operating subsidiaries.

The valuation of Azimuth is based on fair value GAAP accounting. Using the General Partner’s valuation of the Seacrest 
portfolio a discount is applied to each Azimuth subsidiary. The extent of the discount depends on whether the assets are 
in a mature or frontier basin. In addition, following the fall in the oil price a further discount was applied thereby calculating 
a fair value for Azimuth. On this basis Azimuth was valued as at 30 June 2017 at US$63.62 million. The director’s deem this 
valuation method to be appropriate.

Valuation	methodology:	Zeta	Resources	has	used	a	fair	value	valuation	of	Seacrest	of	US$0.33	per	share	based	on	the	value	
of Azimuth, described above. At year end the fair value of the investment was US$5,727,339.

Sensitivities:	 Given	 Azimuth	 is	 an	 exploration	 company	 its	 risks	 are	 significant	 in	 both	 directions.	 Should	 commercially	
recoverable oil not be discovered then the value will fall to nil. Should substantial commercially recoverable oil be discovered 
the	valuation	uplifts	are	significant.

Margosa Graphite Limited (“Margosa”) - Australia incorporated
Valuation	inputs:	The	unlisted	investment	comprises	an	equity	interest	in	Margosa,	a	mineral	exploration	and	development	
company  focused  on  high  grade  graphite  vein  opportunities  in  Sri  Lanka  with  rights  to  a  package  of  highly  prospective 
tenements. Margosa is an early stage exploration company with drilling commenced on positive geophysical targets at the 
end of the period.

Valuation	 methodology:	 Based	 on	 Margosa	 being	 an	 early	 stage	 exploration	 company	 with	 no	 explorations	 results,	 the	
directors view the fair value of the company currently to be the cost of the investment made of A$0.20 per share. At year 
end the fair value of the investment was US$2,062,847.

Sensitivities:		Given	Margosa	is	an	exploration	company	its	risks	are	significant	in	both	directions	dependant	on	the	grade	of	
the graphite veins to be brought into operation. Should substantial premium vein graphite be discovered and successfully 
brought	into	operation,	the	valuation	uplifts	are	significant.

60

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Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018 
  
  
  
NOTES	TO	THE	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS
(continued)

22.  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (continued)

22.4  Fair values of financial assets and liabilities (continued)

Alliance Mining Commodities Limited (“AMC”) - Australia incorporated
Valuation	inputs:	The	unlisted	investment	comprises	an	equity	interest	in	a	privately-owned	company	that	has	been	granted	
a mining concession for the development of the Koumbia Bauxite Project in the Republic of Guinea. The simple, low cost, 
long life development will initially produce 5.5Mwtpa as a standalone project. Due to the size of the current mineral resource 
base	there	is	strong	potential	to	expand	the	operation	significantly	during	the	early	years	to	a	capacity	well	in	excess	of	the	
initial targeted production.

Valuation	methodology:	AMC	is	a	private	company	in	the	process	of	raising	funds	for	the	development	of	its	bauxite	mining	
project. As such, the directors have chosen to use the latest information provided by AMC regarding current equity capital 
raisings, as the most appropriate valuation method for Zeta Resources holding. At year end the fair value of the investment 
was US$17,843,064.

Sensitivities:  The  company  has  a  world  class  bauxite  project  with  initial  production  capacity  of  10Mtpa.  Production  is 
expected	to	ramp	up	in	2019	with	scope	for	further	expansion	over	the	following	five	years.

(b) 

Investments and loans in subsidiaries

Zeta Energy - Singapore incorporated
Valuation	inputs:	The	key	asset	is	the	investment	loan	to	Zeta	Energy	which	was	utilised	for	the	purchase	of	listed	investments,	
and	which	was	impaired,	through	profit	and	loss,	to	the	fair	value	of	the	company	as	determined	by	the	directors	based	on	
the valuation of the investments held by Zeta Energy as at 30 June 2018.

Valuation	methodology:	Zeta	Resources	has	used	a	fair	value	valuation	of	investments	held	by	Zeta	Energy	on	its	investments	
by which to impair the loan value in the accounts as at 30 June 2018. At year end the fair value of the loan was US$27,010.

Sensitivities:	Given	Zeta	Energy’s	assets	comprise	listed	investments	its	risks	are	significant	in	both	directions.	Increases	in	
share prices will increase the value of the loan and decreases in share prices will further decrease the value of the loan. 

Kumarina Resources Pty Limited
This  comprises  the  privately-owned  100%  equity  interest  in  a  mineral  exploration  company  with  two  highly  prospective 
copper/gold projects located in Western Australia. The company is in the process of doing further research and exploration 
around  the  development  of  its  Ilgarari  Copper  Project  and  its  Murrin  Murrin  Gold  Project.  As  this  is  still  early  stage 
exploration	with	no	quantifiable	results	as	yet,	the	directors	view	the	fair	value	of	the	company	currently	to	be	its	cost	value	
as	there	have	been	no	significant	changes	to	the	entity	and	its	prospects.	At	year	end	the	fair	value	of	the	investment	was	
US$3,063,498.

Other investments 
Zeta Resources has further investments at fair value totalling US$78,505 (2017: US$3.2million). During the year the company 
acquired	the	100%	shareholding	in	Axelrock	Limited,	Pan	Pacific	Petroleum	Pty	Limited,	Pan	Pacific	Petroleum	JPDA	Pty	
Limited	and	Pan	Pacific	Petroleum	Vietnam	Pty	Limited.	The	directors	are	of	the	view	that	as	these	subsidiaries	currently	
hold no assets, the fair value of the companies is nominal.

30 June 2018

Financial assets

Investments

Investment in subsidiaries

Loan to subsidiary

Level 1 
US$

Level 2 
US$

Level 3 
US$

135,475,520

–

–

–

–

–

25,711,750

3,063,504

379,690

There have been no movements between the level 1 and level 3 categories.

The following table shows a reconciliation from opening balances to closing balances for fair value measurements in level 3 
investments of the fair value hierarchy:

Balance at 1 July 2017

Acquisitions at cost

Disposals during the year

Total gains/(losses) recognised in:
Fair	value	through	profit	or	loss

Balance at 30 June 2018

30 June 2017

Financial assets

Investments

Investment in subsidiaries

Loan to subsidiary

Level 3  
investments 
US$

408,583

33,045,767

–

(7,742,600)

25,711,750

Level 1 
US$

47,276,793

–

–

Level 3  
investments  
in subsidiary 
US$

3,181,102

4

–

(117,602)

3,063,504

Level 2 
US$

–

–

–

Level 3  
loan to  
subsidiary 
US$

30,027,206

1,013,278

(44,417,518)

13,756,724

379,690

Level 3 
US$

408,583

3,181,102

30,027,206

The following table shows a reconciliation from opening balances to closing balances for fair value measurements in level 3 
investments of the fair value hierarchy:

Balance at 1 July 2016

Acquisitions at cost

Disposals during the year

Total gains recognised in:
Fair	value	through	profit	or	loss

Balance at 30 June 2017

Level 3  
investments 
US$

9,036,636

332,920

(11,200,000)

Level 3  
investments  
in subsidiary 
US$

3,086,091

–

–

2,239,027

408,583

95,011

3,181,102

Level 3  
loan to  
subsidiary 
US$

29,803,322

11,200,000

(12,137,850)

1,161,734

30,027,206

62

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Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018NOTES	TO	THE	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS
(continued)

22.  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (continued)

22.5  Capital risk management

The objective of the company is stated as being to maximise shareholder returns by identifying and investing in investments 
where	the	underlying	value	is	not	reflected	in	the	market	price.	In	pursuing	this	long	term	objective,	the	board	has	a	responsibility	
for ensuring the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. It must therefore maintain an optimal capital structure through 
varying market conditions. This involves the ability to issue and buy back share capital within limits set by the shareholders in 
general meeting; borrow monies in the short and long term; and pay dividends to shareholders out of current year earnings as 
well as out of brought forward reserves.

23.  RELATED PARTIES

23.1  Material related parties

 Holding company
 The company’s holding company is UIL which held 59.7% of the company’s issued share capital on 30 June 2018. UIL is in turn 
held 62.6% by General Provincial Life Pension Fund Limited.

 Subsidiary companies
	The	company’s	subsidiaries	are	Kumarina,	Zeta	Energy,	Axelrock,	PPP,	PPP	Vietnam,	PPP	JPDA	and	Zeta	Investments,	all	100%	
held subsidiaries.

 Key management personnel
 Key management personnel and their close family members and entities which they control, jointly or over which they exercise 
significant	influence	are	considered	related	parties	of	the	company.	The	company’s	directors,	as	listed	in	the	director’s	report	
are considered to be key management personnel of the company.

 Investment Manager
 ICM Limited is an Investment Manager of the company, its subsidiaries and UIL.

23.2  Material related parties transactions

Nature of transactions

Investments in related parties:

Kumarina

Zeta Investments

Zeta Energy

Pan	Pacific	Petroleum

Axelrock

PPP	Vietnam

PPP JPDA

Loans to related parties:

Kumarina

Zeta Energy

Loans from related parties:

UIL Limited

Zeta Energy

June 2018 
US$

June 2017 
US$

3,063,498

3,181,100

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

–

–

–

–

352,680

27,010

291,747

29,735,459

30,151,190

5,235,527

22,257,029

5,351,022

Trade and other payables:

ICM Limited

Directors

Interest charged by the subsidiaries

Interest charged by the parent company

Fees paid to the Investment Manager

Fees paid to the directors:

    X Xi

    M Botha

    P Sullivan

24.  SEGMENTAL REPORTING

June 2018 
US$

June 2017 
US$

459,890

37,500

295,428

1,808,717

652,993

150,000

50,000

50,000

50,000

162,057

37,500

380,552

2,246,555

481,772

150,000

50,000

50,000

50,000

The company has four reportable segments, as described below, which are considered to be the company’s strategic investment 
areas. For each investment area, the company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) (ICM Limited – investment manager) 
reviews internal management reports on at least a monthly basis. The following summary describes each of the company’s 
reportable segments:

Gold: investments in companies which explore or mine for gold

Nickel: investments in companies which explore or mine for nickel

Mineral exploration: investments in companies which explore or mine for copper and other minerals

Other segments:	activities	which	do	not	fit	into	one	of	the	above	segments

Information regarding the results of each reportable segment is included below. Performance is measured based on segment 
profit	 before	 tax,	 as	 included	 in	 the	 internal	 management	 reports	 that	 are	 reviewed	 by	 the	 company’s	 CODM.	 Segment	
profit	is	used	to	measure	performance	as	management	believes	that	such	information	is	the	most	relevant	in	evaluating	the	
performance of certain segments relative to other entities that operate within these industries.

Information about reportable segments

30 June 2018

External revenues

Gold 
US$

Nickel 
US$

Mineral 
exploration 
US$

Other 
segments 
US$

767,222

36,020,009

(1,200,977)

Reportable segment revenue

767,222

36,020,009

(1,200,977)

Interest revenue

Interest expense

Reportable	segment	profit/(loss)	
before tax

–

–

–

–

–

–

766,606

36,023,701

(2,129,260)

(3,445,218)

31,215,839

Reportable segment assets

30,716,732

85,181,389

48,732,343

287,172

164,917,636

Reportable segment liabilities

–

–

–

(41,060,741)

(41,060,741)

Total 
US$

35,581,956

35,581,956

102

(4,298)

(4,298)

102

(2,179,015)

(2,179,015)

64

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Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018NOTES	TO	THE	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS
(continued)

24.  SEGMENTAL REPORTING (continued)

Geographic information

Reportable segment revenue

3,354,866

3,560,753

7,337,443

30 June 2017

External revenues

Interest revenue

Interest expense

Reportable	segment	profit/(loss)	
before tax

Gold 
US$

OIl & Gas 
US$

Mineral 
exploration 
US$

Other 
segments 
US$

3,354,866

3,560,753

7,337,443

Total 
US$

14,246,441

14,246,441

14

(6,621)

(6,621)

14

(2,627,116)

(2,627,116)

–

–

–

–

–

–

3,396,270

3,560,753

7,337,443

(4,016,560)

10,277,906

Reportable segment assets

26,371,713

30,392,342

24,129,627

15,830

80,909,512

Reportable segment liabilities

–

–

–

(27,868,472)

(27,868,472)

During the year there were no transactions between segments which resulted in income or expenditure.

Reconciliations of reportable segment revenues, profit or loss, assets 

and liabilities, and other material items

Revenues

Total revenue for reportable segments

Revenue for other segments

Revenue

Profit or loss

Total	profit	for	reportable	segments

Loss for other segments

Profit before tax

Assets

Total assets for reportable segments

Assets for other segments

Total assets

Liabilities

Total liabilities for reportable segments

Liabilities for other segments

Total liabilities

June 2018 
US$

June 2017 
US$

35,586,254

14,253,062

(4,298)

(6,621)

35,581,956

14,246,441

34,661,057

(3,442,218)

31,215,839

14,294,466

(4,016,560)

10,277,906

164,630,464

80,893,682

287,172

15,830

164,917,636

80,909,512

–

(41,060,741)

(41,060,741)

–

(27,868,472)

(27,868,472)

In presenting information on the basis of geography, segment revenue and segment assets are based on the geographical 
location of the operating assets of the investment held by the company.

Revenue

Australia

Canada

Guinea

Mali

Namibia

Norway

Singapore

United Kingdom

Other Countries

Revenue

Assets

Australia

Canada

Guinea

Mali

Norway

Singapore

Other Countries

Assets

June 2018 
US$

33,763,689

(1,197,462)

257,915

636,752

(1,511,710)

(3,693,688)

12,611,090

(1,639,132)

(3,641,200)

35,586,254

June 2018 
US$

June 2017 
US$

8,274,800

–

–

2,341,802

846,520

911,400

1,161,734

303,800

413,006

14,253,062

June 2017 
US$

109,623,707

37,282,206

15,011,839

17,843,064

13,466,126

2,657,485

27,010

6,001,233

164,630,464

–

–

13,102,297

–

29,735,459

773,720

80,893,682

25.  EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING DATE 

25.1  Alliance Mining Commodities Limited

Zeta Resources Limited has subscribed to a further issue of shares in AMC to take up 1,883,668 shares for a consideration of 
US$2,542,951. The share issue notice was given on 6 July 2018. Zeta currently holds 26.7% of AMC.

66

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Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018 
COMPANY INFORMATION

Zeta Resources Limited 

Company ARBN: 162 902 481 

www.zetaresources.limited

DIRECTORS (NON-EXECUTIVE)
Peter Sullivan (Chairman)
Marthinus (Martin) Botha
Xi Xi

REGISTERED OFFICE
34 Bermudiana Road
Hamilton	HM	11
Bermuda
Company Registration Number: 46795

AUSTRALIAN REGISTERED OFFICE
Level 2
220 George Street
Sydney NSW 2000
Australia

NEW ZEALAND OFFICE
ICM NZ Limited
PO Box 25437
Featherston Street
Wellington 6146
New Zealand
Telephone:	+64	4	901	7600
Email: contact@icmnz.co.nz

INVESTMENT MANAGER
ICM Limited
34 Bermudiana Road
Hamilton	HM	11
Bermuda

SECRETARY
ICM Limited
34 Bermudiana Road
PO	Box	HM	1748
Hamilton	HM	GX
Bermuda
Telephone:	+1	441	299	2894

68

GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
ICM Corporate Services (Pty) Ltd
1 Knutsford Road
Wynberg 7800
Cape Town
South Africa

AUDITOR
KPMG Inc
MSC	House
1 Mediterranean Street, Foreshore 
8001, Cape Town
South Africa

DEPOSITORY
JP Morgan Chase Bank NA
London Branch
25 Bank Street
Canary Wharf
London E14 5JP
United Kingdom

REGISTRAR
Security Transfer Australia Pty Ltd 
770	Canning	Highway	
Applecross WA 6153
Australia
Telephone:	+61	8	9315	2333

STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING
The	company’s	shares	are	quoted	on	the	Official	List	of	
the Australian Securities Exchange. Ticker code: ZER

Zeta Resources LimitedAnnual Report for the year to 30 June 2018www.zetaresources.limited

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