Zimmer Biomet Annual Report 2006

Plain-text annual report

different by design Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 2006 Annual Report the differences that define Zimmer Zimmer became a leader in orthopaedics by designing and implementing strategies to differ entiate us from our competitors. We are extending that leadership by developing solutions based on the way men and women are “different by design.” We’ve also made our strategies “different by design” by focusing on our ability to enable, innovate and grow. Each of these strategies has three initiatives that will guide our business. enable > educational leadersHip page 7 HealtH economics page 8 neW audiences page 8 innovate > Biologics page 11 advanced materials page 12 Zimmer® smarttools page 12 grow > Women’s musculoskeletal HealtH page 15 expanding spine & dental page 16 infrastructure investments page 16 Pictured on the cover: Designing a new life for a patient. Advanced osteoarthritis in her knees had made Louise D’Amico stop gardening, shopping, even cooking. Then Louise visited a Philadelphia surgeon who concluded that she was an excellent candidate for lessinvasive surgery and the Zimmer® Gender SolutionsTM Knee. After recovery, Louise was thrilled to get back to her favorite activities — and traveling. “I wish I would have done it sooner,” Louise said. to our stockholders Zimmer has seized many opportunities to grow our business and expand our orthopaedic leadership role throughout our history. As we continue to refine implants and surgical tech niques, we are addressing more specific patient characteristics, such as gender and ethnic differences. In addition, increasing global obesity, more active lifestyles, longer life expectancy, a desire for less invasive surgical approaches, and increasing patient consumerism are all putting greater demands on our industry. Governments are seeking more transparency, improved healthcare delivery efficiency and proof of value with new product releases. In 2006, we took important steps to respond to those demands while delivering the consistent growth in sales and earnings our stockholders expect. Our performance in 2006 demonstrated again Zimmer’s ability to deliver solid sales and earnings performance. Among the achievements for the year: > Net sales of $3.5 billion, a 6 percent increase over 2005, reflecting good growth in our core reconstructive businesses as well as in spine with excellent growth in dental > Diluted earnings per share of $3.40 reported, $3.44 adjusted(1) and $3.65 adjusted excluding the effect of ShareBased Payment,(2) an increase of 18 percent over the prior year > Gross margins at or near the top of both the orthopaedic and medical device industries > Operating cash flow of more than $1.0 billion, a 19 percent increase over 2005 and a 30 percent ratio to sales > Completion of the Centerpulse integration, including more than 3,000 integration milestones, realizing more than $100 million of expense synergy benefits > Returning value to stockholders by repurchasing 12.1 million shares for almost $800 million Since our spinoff as a separate public company in 2001, we have created nearly $5 billion of new equity for our stockholders. We also have produced $3 billion of operating cash flow over the past three years, giving us the ability to invest in our core businesses and the flexibility to make strategic acquisitions. Stock Performance GraPh Comparison of Cumulative Total Return for years ended December 31 $ 300 $ 250 $ 200 $ 150 $ 100 $ 50 Assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2001 in Zimmer common stock and each index and dividends are reinvested. No cash dividends have been declared or paid on Zimmer stock. Returns over the indicated period should not be considered indicative of future returns. Zimmer Holdings Inc. S&P 500 Stock Index S&P 500 Health Care Equipment Index 2001 $ 100 100 100 2002 $ 136 78 91 2003 $ 231 100 120 2004 $262 111 135 2005 $ 221 116 135 2006 $ 257 133 140 1 financial highlights (Dollars in millions except per share amounts) SaleS by GeoGraPhic SeGment (Reported) 59% 27% 59% 14% 27% 14% Americas Europe Asia Pacific Consolidated 2002 2003 2004 2005 % Change 2006 2005-2006 $ 933 $ 1,208 $1,741 $ 1,942 $ 2,076 170 269 366 327 809 431 875 469 931 488 $ 1,372 $ 1,901 $ 2,981 $ 3,286 $ 3,495 7 % 6 % 4 % 6 % SaleS by Product cateGory (Reported) 2002 2003 2004 2005 % Change 2006 2005-2006 Reconstructive $1,061 $1,521 $2,456 $2,721 $ 2,907 42% 34% 42% 34% 6% 5% 6% Knees Hips Extremities Dental 2% 5% Trauma Spine Orthopaedic Surgical Products 586 441 34 — 134 — 177 801 645 45 30 150 35 195 1,194 1,079 1,366 1,141 1,462 1,189 58 125 173 134 218 66 148 180 160 225 77 179 195 177 216 2% Consolidated $1,372 $1,901 $2,981 $3,286 $ 3,495 5% 6% 5% 6% net SaleS(3) Zimmer recorded net sales of $3.5 billion in 2006, reflecting strong growth across all geographies. 3,495 +6% 3,286 REPORTED 3,286 2,981 2,981 oPeratinG Profit 3,495 +6% REPORTED The Zimmer goal to register approximately 40 to 50 cents of operating profit for each new 1,171 1,117 sales dollar held true in 2006 at 62 cents. 1,055 2,590 2,590 2,168 2,168 1,901 1,901 1,372 1,372 904 763 401 584 451 584 451 401 1,246 1,165 904 763 1,246 1,165 +12% 1,171 FAS 123R 1,117 ADJUSTED(2) 1,055 +5% ADJUSTED(1) +10% REPORTED 7 % 7 % 4 % 17 % 21 % 8 % 11 % (4)% 6 % +12% FAS 123R ADJUSTED(2) +5% ADJUSTED(1) +10% REPORTED 1,041 +19% REPORTED 1,041 +19% REPORTED 862 878 862 878 3.65 3.40 3.44 3.10 2.93 +18% 3.44 FAS 123R ADJUSTED(2) 3.65 3.40 3.10 2.93 +11% ADJUSTED(1) 2.41 2.19 2.41 2.19 +16% REPORTED +18% FAS 123R ADJUSTED(2) +11% ADJUSTED(1) +16% REPORTED 1.80 1.64 1.80 1.64 1.31 1.31 495 495 220 220 02 03 02 04 03 05 04 06 05 06 02 03 02 04 03 05 04 06 05 06 02 03 02 04 03 05 04 06 05 06 02 03 04 02 05 03 04 06 05 06 oPeratinG caSh flow diluted earninGS Per Share 3,495 +6% REPORTED 3,286 3,495 +6% REPORTED 3,286 2,981 2,981 2,590 1,901 2,168 1,372 2,590 1,901 2,168 1,372 1,171 1,117 1,055 904 763 Our strong cash flow generation puts us 1,246 1,246 in excellent position to return value to 1,171 1,165 1,165 1,117 stockholders through strategic acquisitions 1,055 in Spine, Dental or Biologics. +12% FAS 123R ADJUSTED(2) +12% FAS 123R ADJUSTED(2) +5% ADJUSTED(1) +5% ADJUSTED(1) 904 +10% 763 REPORTED 1,041 +19% REPORTED 862 878 862 878 1,041 Zimmer continues to reap the benefits of intense focus on margin and mix management, along with continued prudent expense control. +19% REPORTED 3.65 3.40 3.44 3.10 2.93 +18% FAS 123R ADJUSTED(2) +11% ADJUSTED(1) 3.44 3.10 2.93 3.65 3.40 +18% FAS 123R ADJUSTED(2) +11% ADJUSTED(1) +16% REPORTED +10% REPORTED 495 495 220 220 2.41 2.19 2.41 +16% REPORTED 2.19 1.80 1.64 1.80 1.64 1.31 1.31 584 451 401 401 584 451 02 03 04 05 02 06 03 04 05 06 02 03 04 05 02 06 03 04 05 06 02 03 04 05 02 06 03 04 05 06 02 03 04 05 02 06 03 04 05 06 (1) “ Adjusted” refers to performance measures that exclude in process R&D write-offs, acquisition, integration and other expenses, inventory step-up, a tax benefit from decreased Swiss deferred taxes and the change in accounting principle for instruments, as applicable. See the reconciliations of this non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable GAAP measure on page 76. (2) “ FAS123R Adjusted” refers to performance measures that exclude the impact of expenses related to the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123 (R), Share-Based Payment (FAS 123R) and those items described in note (1) above. We adopted this new accounting standard, effective January 1, 2006, using the modified prospective method. In accordance with this adoption method, we have not adjusted our historical financial statements to reflect the impact of Share-Based Payment. (3) Net sales for 2002 and 2003 include pro forma Centerpulse sales for periods prior to the closing of the acquisition on October 3, 2003, as reflected in the Net Sales bars above. 2 buSineSS achievementS evolvinG our StrateGy Besides marking another year of strong financial results, Zimmer became the #1 pureplay orthopaedics company in 2006 brought some notable operational highlights. the world by focusing on our core strategies of valueadded Significant business achievements during the year included education, innovative investment and flawless execution. the introduction of Zimmer ® Gender SolutionsTM technologies. In 2006, our overall corporate strategies evolved to focus on The research processes on gender differences that led to Zimmer’s ability to enable, innovate and grow. Each of these the release of the Zimmer Gender Solutions Knee in 2006 corporate strategies has three primary initiatives linked with it. will be applied to the new genderbased hips that we plan Taken together, these nine initiatives will guide our business to launch in 2007 and 2008. plan for the foreseeable future. With a host of new products and our strongest pipeline to date, our future should be bright. > enable Zimmer continues to lead in surgeon education, and we have expanded our efforts with the opening of The Zimmer InstituteTM education facility for dental professionals. We also are enabling hospitals to improve their productivity through our acquisition of Musculoskeletal Management Systems, 2006 was an especially busy year for new product introduc LLC, known as the Human Motion Institute® brand. And tions, including the launch of more than 20 new products we are increasing our outreach to community surgeons, throughout the year and 12 major products in the second registered nurses, professional societies, and community half of 2006 alone. We also completed a new 100,000 and ethnic groups. square foot Research and Development addition to our main manufacturing facility in Warsaw, Indiana. > innovate an attractive market Zimmer is investing aggressively in advanced materials and technologies that will benefit patients. For example, the We believe the orthopaedic market remains attractive going Zimmer Gender Solutions Knee is leading the way for a family forward, with projected growth in the 8 percent to 10 percent of products specifically designed to address anatomical differ range and aspirations that Zimmer can grow faster than the ences based on gender and — in the future — ethnicity. market. Our continued focus on reducing manufacturing In addition, emerging biological technologies such as costs, operating efficiencies and leverage model should DeNovo® NT position us to address patient needs earlier in enable us to bring greater earnings to the bottom line. the continuum of care. For surgeons, Zimmer SmartTools Those efficiencies are the result of the successful integration such as the BRIGIT TM Bone Resection Instrument Guide and of Centerpulse and the adoption of leading business practices Zimmer Computer Assisted Solutions should help them across all our businesses. Our lowcost infrastructure should deliver the benefits of new technologies to both patients enable us to realize approximately 40 to 50 cents of operating profit from every new dollar of sales. Zimmer’s global foot print, with sales in more than 100 countries, includes more than two million square feet of manufacturing capacity, providing size and scale in a highly competitive marketplace. and hospitals. > grow We expect growth to come from continued investment in innovation, with an emphasis on solutions that address the musculoskeletal health issues of specific groups, especially women. We also will invest in infrastructure to solidify our 3 position as the lowcost Executing our strategic initiatives should enable us to manufacturer in the continue to grow our business and deliver value to our industry. For example, we stockholders. Share repurchases give us an additional are streamlining manufac option for taking advantage of our continued strong turing and distribution by cash flow with the expectation of building stockholder simplifying processes and value. In December 2006, our Board of Directors increasing the use of auto authorized additional purchases of up to $1 billion mation, robotics and through December 31, 2008. vertical integration. leavinG with Pride Our core hip and knee reconstruction businesses should continue to grow as patients’ life expectancies increase and they require joint replacement and revision surgery. We also are targeting younger patients with regenerative technologies to repair injuries caused by more active lifestyles. In this way we expect to increase our presence in sports medicine. Strong operating cash flow gives us the In November of 2006, I informed the Board of Directors that I plan to retire from my positions as President and Chief Executive Officer of Zimmer in the first half of 2007. I will, however, remain as Chairman for at least one year. After serving nearly 10 years as Zimmer’s president, I leave with great pride in what we have accomplished as a team: the transition to a separate public company, the completion and integration of critical acquisitions, and the development ability to invest in our core businesses and of many new products and services that have added the flexibility to make strategic acquisitions. substantially to stockholder value. I am equally proud that we have maintained what I believe are high standards for compliance and ethical behavior. Our spine and dental businesses should experience growth With a host of new products and our strongest pipeline to as we focus on expanding these Zimmer businesses. date, our future should be bright. We speak with pride Zimmer continues to look for opportunities to expand our about “bleeding Zimmer blue.” Our global management capabilities in Spine, Dental and related Biologics through team is rich in talent and depth. I am grateful to our strategic acquisitions. employees for their loyalty and I thank them once again for 2007 outlook It is important to realize that these initiatives do not exist in individual vacuums; they are purposefully interrelated. We expect to invest upwards of $500 million a year in activities tied to these initiatives. They represent the road map to our future; we strongly believe that focusing on our ability to enable, to innovate and to grow will put what they do each day, and our Board of Directors for their support over the years. The opportunity to have served as your President and Chief Executive Officer has been the most memorable of my career. Zimmer in an excellent position to maintain our business Ray Elliott success and industry leadership position. Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer January 31, 2007 4 different by design: Zimmer’s unique approach to gender-specific implants P h o t o g r a p h i s c o p y r i g h t e d a n d m a y n o t b e d u p l i c a t e d w i t h o u t p e r m i s s i o n . Among the publications covering Zimmer’s new implant was Health Magazine,* which called the Zimmer Gender Solutions Knee “one of the biggest breakthroughs in all of women’s health.” *December 2006, page 110 Our Zimmer Gender Solutions Knee, the first knee designed to fit the female anatomy, has attracted widespread media attention. Between May and December of 2006, the Zimmer Gender Solutions Knee generated 950 articles, resulting in 185,569,000 media impressions. We are advancing our innovative Gender Solutions Technology with expanded research data and product solutions for genderrelated issues in hip replacement. Our genderfocused hip research reflects the ongoing efforts at Zimmer to address these anatomical differences with product designs and corresponding surgical techniques. Dr. Robert Booth (below), who helped develop the Zimmer Gender Solutions Knee, addresses his fellow surgeons during the 74th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. At the conference, we also introduced the Zimmer M/L Taper Stem with Kinectiv TM Technology and new VerSys® Epoch® Technology to address female hip patients. Increased traffic to our www.GenderKnee.com Web site reflected the interest generated by extensive media coverage of the first knee designed to fit the female anatomy. Launched in October of 2006, the site received more than 70,000 unique visitors in just three months. 55 STRATEGY: enable INITIATIVES: > Educational lEadErship > hEalth Economics > nEw audiEncEs The Zimmer Mobile Learning Center houses a complete training and educational facility. 6 The Zimmer Institute provides orthopaedic surgeons and dental professionals access to thought leaders in their specialties in both classroom and hands-on settings. We believe Zimmer is the only orthopaedic company that understands and acts upon the economic pressures surgeons and hospitals face. Through increased outreach to key audiences, we are delivering the message that Zimmer has the entire package of what surgeons, patients, and hospitals need, both today and in the future. educational leaderShiP: Increasing acceptance among patients and surgeons of our technologies and procedures The Zimmer brand embodies the years of trust created with surgeons and, by extension, their patients. Surgeons know Zimmer as the company putting “Confidence in your hands®” by our educational initiatives focusing on skills and knowledge, continuous development and innovation, and collaborative relationships. The flagship of our focus on education is The Zimmer Institute. A unique facility together with 25 satellite locations around the world, The Zimmer Institute offers surgeons the opportunity to advance their skills and knowledge in traditional procedures, Zimmer Minimally Invasive SolutionsTM procedures and Zimmer Computer Assisted Solutions (CAS) enabled procedures. At the Institute, surgeons enjoy a handson learning environment and access to thought leaders in orthopaedics. We work directly with several global medical centers to evaluate and refine advanced minimally invasive knee and hip replacement procedures as well as develop new proce dures across our business segments. In 2006, we introduced Zimmer MIS Femoral Nailing Solutions in Trauma. The result of collaboration with some of the world’s most experi enced trauma surgeons and a desire to continually advance trauma care, Zimmer MIS Femoral Nailing Solutions offer the potential for less surgical trauma and a quicker return to daily activities for the patient. dental education Education not only connects us to surgeons but also connects our businesses. In dental education, The Zimmer Institute in Carlsbad, California conducted its first program in August for a group of dentists led by West Virginia University faculty. This new Zimmer Institute is a specialized center dedicated to helping clinicians further the knowledge, skills and confidence essential for the practice of contemporary implant 6,000 Since 2004, Zimmer has trained more than 6,000 surgeons 25 Zimmer Institute locations worldwide 12 unique Zimmer Minimally Invasive Solutions Procedures 7 enable > innovate > grow dentistry. The dentists were trained over health economicS: Improving procedures and gender specific knee a fourday period in a lab setting using hospital orthopaedic profitability replacement technology, our Directto sophisticated simulated patient models. Zimmer Dental plans to establish a second Zimmer Institute in Europe in 2008. In Asia Pacific, Zimmer is training clinicians in partnerships with various institutions. Working more closely with hospitals to improve patient outcomes is another key strategic initiative we implemented in 2006. We acquired Musculoskeletal Management Systems, better known expanding educational initiatives through their trade service program, the Patient initiatives demonstrate our leader ship in professional medical education and build on our commitment to educate and to enhance awareness of treatment options among patients who stand to benefit most from our products and technologies. Many orthopaedic surgeons trained at Human Motion Institute® (HMI), which media coverage Helping to drive that the Zimmer Institutes practice in major works with hospitals to improve their awareness were nearly 200 million impres metropolitan areas and perform significant efficiency and per patient profitability sions and more than 900 stories in print and numbers of reconstructive procedures while maintaining successful outcomes. electronic media about Zimmer’s gender every year. Zimmer continues to expand education and training initiatives for surgeons to advance their skills whether they perform many or few reconstructive procedures. HMI’s OrthoVal ® product is a Webbased “dashboard” that aggregates all of the pertinent data a hospital needs to effec tively manage the performance of its musculoskeletal program. The OrthoVal A factor in that expansion is the Zimmer product is a valuable benchmarking tool Mobile Learning Center, a custombuilt because it helps hospitals keep uptodate based devices in 2006. In addition, we supported our release of the Zimmer Gender Solutions Knee by launching our firstever major directtopatient integrated marketing communications program, which featured “The Blue Ladies” by artist R. O. Blechman (of The New Yorker magazine fame). motor coach that houses a complete with key economic indicators related to their Zimmer’s directtopatient communication selfsupporting training and educational service performance, identify variances differs from competitive directtoconsumer facility. The unit is used to promote new and quickly identify their causes. campaigns that emphasize highprofile products and conduct handson training and educational programs for nurses, physician attendants and technicians in addition to community seminars on arthritis. We also continue to make it easier for patients to find MIStrained surgeons Zimmer is taking an active role to assist hospitals in improving efficiency and reduce, rather than merely shift, the cost of health care. paid electronic media and celebrity spokespersons. Zimmer is delivering the message about our genderbased products directly to patients at forums conducted in familiar local settings. In 2006, we new audienceS: Building launched our Back in the GrooveTM Campaign, awareness among key stakeholders a grassroots initiative targeted specifically at African Americans to give arthritis sufferers in traditionally underserved communities access to information about knee and hip replacement options. As part of the program, arthritis pain sufferers can meet at churches and community centers close to home through our “FindaDoctor” direct-to-Patient Supporting our outreach Webbased surgeon locator, which to surgeons and hospitals is our increased receives more than 100,000 visits a year. emphasis on direct communication with patients. Along with the strides we have made in the development of less invasive Using patient simulators, dentists at The Zimmer Institute learn surgical techniques for use with the Zimmer® OnePiece Implant and Hex-Lock TM Contour Abutments (shown left). The Zimmer Mobile Learning Center (right) is used to conduct handson training for medical professionals and community seminars for consumers. 8 with volunteer surgeons and people from their own neighborhoods who have returned to active lives after relieving their debilitating arthritis pain with less invasive knee and hip replacement procedures. In addition, Zimmer provides community educational materials to host health fairs and educational events with surgeons so that patients can learn more about the painrelieving benefits of joint replace ment surgery. buildinG on our StrenGth Valueadded education has been a cornerstone for Zimmer and a significant factor in gaining acceptance for our prod ucts and procedures among surgeons. While our educational initiatives have historically focused on achieving better clinical outcomes, we are beginning to develop initiatives that represent solutions for a variety of challenges facing health care professionals, including operating room efficiency, productivity, regulatory compliance and insurance reimbursement. By making these solutions available via new platforms such as online training, we expect to engage general practitioners, registered nurses, residents and medical students as well as professional societies. Zimmer is taking a broadbased approach to enabling these groups to experience valueadded education. HMI’s OrthoVal ® product provides a benchmarking tool for hospitals to manage their musculoskeletal programs cost effectively. We launched our first-ever major direct-to-patient marketing program using “The Blue Ladies” created for Zimmer by noted cartoonist R.O. Blechman, along with print and television ads and the www.GenderKnee.com Web site. 9 STRATEGY: innovate INITIATIVES: > Biologics > advancEd matErials > ZimmEr smarttools Zimmer continues to invest in innovations that benefit patients. Zimmer’s r&d staff is engaged in more than 100 active projects that will broaden our portfolio of products and technologies. 10 Our DeNovo® ET Engineered Tissue Graft (right), developed with isto technologies. CopiOs® Bone Void Filler (far right) is designed to maximize the healing processes for bone production and maturation. We are positioning Zimmer for growth by leveraging our core technologies earlier in the continuum of care. Orthobiologics is the centerpiece of our innovative investment strategy. Our focus is on solutions that could transform treatment of damaged joints by repairing them through biological regeneration rather than replacement with inert materials. Innovation has been a guiding force for Zimmer. To create patient solutions that address differences in gender, obesity, ethnicity and osteoporosis, we are focusing our product development pipeline on new and emerging technologies that could lead to game changing products and services. We refer to these technologies as “disruptive” because they have the potential to disrupt business as usual in our industry. Innovative ortho biological solutions, advanced materials and intelligent tools highlight our efforts in (Dollars in billions) developing new products. 18% 21% 24% $4.0 bioloGicS: Developing new treatment approaches for patients $0.54 Biologics is the new frontier of orthopaedics, with enormous potential to provide $3.0 new treatment approaches for patients. Zimmer already has a strong foundation in $2.0 $0.70 $0.83 this area. For example, Zimmer is developing cartilage repair and cellbased therapies $1.0 called Neocartilage Technology in partnership with ISTO Technologies. 04 05 06 In June of 2006 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ISTO’s Investigational New Drug (IND) application for a tissueengineered living tissue graft designed to repair cartilage defects, restore joint function and relieve pain in the knee. (Dollars in millions) The IND approval allows Zimmer and ISTO to move forward with human clinical trials 18% 21% 24% of the novel cartilage repair treatment. The first surgery using the technology was 4000 performed in November of 2006, bringing a process begun in 1999 a significant step 541 closer to commercialization. We plan to market this tissueengineered living tissue 3000 695 828 graft as DeNovo® ET Engineered Tissue Graft. 2000 1000 Innovative investment drives new product sales. Zimmer’s percent of total sales from new products introduced within the previous 36 months has consistently increased. (cid:52)(cid:73)(cid:86)(cid:71)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:4)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:4)(cid:87)(cid:69)(cid:80)(cid:73)(cid:87)(cid:4)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:81)(cid:4)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:91)(cid:4)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:87) 18% 21% 24% (Dollars in millions) $4,000 $3,000 $541 $695 $828 $2,000 $1,000 04 05 06 04 05 06 (Dollars in millions) 21% 3,286 24% 3,495 695 828 18% 2,981 541 04 05 06 11 (Dollars in millions) (Dollars in millions) 24% 18% 21% 695 828 541 $3,286 $2,981 18% 21% $3,495 24% New Product Sales $2,981 $541 21% OF TOTAL SALES 18% OF TOTAL SALES $3,495 $828 $3,286 $695 24% OF TOTAL SALES 04 05 06 04 05 06 18% 21% OF TOTAL SALES OF TOTAL SALES 24% OF TOTAL SALES New Product Sales 18% 21% 24% $3000 $541 $695 $828 695 828 541 (Dollars in millions) 4000 3000 2000 1000 2004 2005 2006 04 05 06 04 05 06 4000 3000 2000 1000 (Dollars in millions) $4000 $2000 $1000 enable > innovate > grow In addition, we expect another cartilage repair product resulting from our partner ship with ISTO, DeNovo NT Natural Tissue Graft, to be released in the fourth quarter of 2007. DeNovo NT not only addresses an earlier stage of the continuum of care but also represents a reentry for Zimmer into sports medicine. Many surgeons who perform knee replacement also specialize in sports medicine, making that specialty a significant opportunity for Zimmer. advanced materialS: Improving Zimmer ICE Cube TM instruments are Intuitive, Consistent and Exact, as well as disposable. mechanical properties, flexibility, Trabecular Metal Technology also was a Zimmer also introduced the CopiOs Technology platform of synthetic bone graft substitutes in 2006. The CopiOs Bone Void Filler is an osteoconductive bone graft substitute that includes autologous bone marrow aspirate to promote bone growth. The high solubility and moderately acidic composition of CopiOs Sponge (dibasic calcium phosphate) make it conducive to bone healing and bone growth. These features help to maximize the healing processes for bone production and maturation. biocompatibility and durability key new feature of the Zimmer® Trabecular ZIMMER SmarttoolS: Offering Metal Reverse Shoulder System for surgeons a wide range of technologies shoulders and of our Trabecular Metal that will improve patient care Other technologies with disruptive potential include synthetics such as hydrogels and woven technologies; metallurgy advances such as Trabecular MetalTM Technologies; drug/device combinations; and injectables. We have established an employee group specifically tasked with exploring such emerging technology opportunities. Acetabular Revision System released in the second half of 2006. Trabecular Metal material currently is applied to nearly 5 percent of our products, and we continue to explore new applications, including dental implants. Trabecular Metal Technology sales exceeded $150 million Trabecular Metal material has more than in 2006, and we anticipate they will reach a decade of successful clinical results in a more than $200 million in 2007. To ensure that patients receive the benefits of our technologies and materials, we provide surgeons with the tools they need to produce improved outcomes. One example of these Zimmer SmartTools is the BRIGIT TM Bone Resection Instrument Guide, an electromechanical telemanipulator arm used by surgeons during joint procedures. Going forward, we expect increased use of variety of orthopaedic implants. In 2006 we expanded the application of Trabecular Metal Technology to many of our new prod ucts. For example, our Trabecular Metal Primary Hip Prosthesis combines the distinctive bone ingrowth(4) properties of Trabecular Metal Technology with a bone conserving and proximalloading stem design. This should result in improved stability and longevity. In 2006, Zimmer extended our Metasul ® computerassisted and digital technology MetalonMetal offerings with larger head to enable improved implant design and sizes for hip implants. The Metasul LDH® placement. We also plan to launch Zimmer Large Diameter Head is designed to increase ICE Cube instruments for CAS knee surgery joint stability while increasing the range of in 2007. The impact of technologies like the motion. The unique Zimmer forged, wrought BRIGIT system can also help reduce the need metal and high carbon metal alloys in in the operating room for complex sets of Metasul components decrease wear and instruments — more than 500 are needed improve lubrication compared to cast for a primary knee — by as much as 20 to metal and low carbon metal alloys. 30 percent, taking cost out of the system and increasing efficiency for hospitals. Zimmer Metasul Metal-on-Metal offering features wrought metal and high carbon metal alloys for a harder, smoother surface that decreases wear and improves lubrication. Competitive cast metal and low carbon metal alloys in traditional hip implants produce a rougher surface. As a result, microscopic particles may break off and settle around the implant and surrounding tissue. Views of both surfaces: 100 microns enlarged 250x A new 100,000 square foot addition to our R&D center in Warsaw, Indiana (right) and an adjacent trauma product manufacturing facility under construction promise to extend our advantage in innovation and operational efficiencies. 12 new r&d facility We are bringing the same kind of energy we devoted to the integration of Centerpulse to extending our advantage in innovation. A tangible sign of that energy is our $24 million investment in the new 100,000 squarefoot addition to our R&D facility in Warsaw, Indiana that opened in 2006. The facility features chemical, mechanical and materials science labora tories that we believe are stateoftheart in the orthopaedics industry. a culture of innovation The innovation that distinguishes our products is an essential part of our culture. It keeps Zimmer on the leading edge of our industry and represents value for customers and stockholders. Surgeons and patients have come to expect the bestdesigned, highestquality products and the most favorable clinical outcomes from Zimmer. Helping to drive continued innovation at Zimmer is our ongoing investment of nearly $200 million a year in research and development. More than 550 research and development professionals have generated more than 4,000 patents for Zimmer and are working on well over 100 active projects. They have helped us compile a track record of providing dependable products that improve the quality of patients’ lives in our core recon structive business. That performance has us well positioned for continued acceptance of our diversifying technology portfolio. Zimmer SmartTools such as the BRIGIT Bone resection instrument guide are intended to produce higher levels of accuracy and reduce the total number of instruments needed for orthopaedic surgery. Trabecular Metal TM Technology is a key feature of Zimmer’s product portfolio. Trabecular Metal Technology is available in Knees, Hips, Extremities, Spine, and Trauma. 13 13 STRATEGY: grow INITIATIVES: > womEn’s musculoskElEtal hEalth > Expanding spinE & dEntal BusinEssEs > infrastructurE invEstmEnts Zimmer’s highly automated in-house investment casting facility produced over 600,000 knees and hips in 2006 alone. here investment casting “trees” of product automatically are routed to their next destination. more than 60 custom-built robots perform manufacturing functions including foundry handling (inset), buffing, welding, milling and grinding. 14 Our Dynesys® Dynamic Stabilization System (right) continues to drive growth for Zimmer’s spine business. Addressing women’s musculoskeletal health issues is a key strategic initiative for Zimmer (far right ). As we expand our portfolio to offer solutions at earlier stages in the continuum of care, Zimmer’s leadership in hips and knees is a competitive advantage across our business segments. In addition, our manufacturing scale and efficiencies in supply chain management and distribution developed in hips and knees will be a platform for growth as we incrementally add new products and services to businesses such as Spine, Dental, Trauma and Sports Medicine. The release of the Zimmer Gender Solutions Knee resulted from a fiveyear effort to develop a women’s knee that truly addressed the statistically significant differences between men and women. Researchers at the University of Tennessee contributed key data on the female anatomy that was essential to the unique design of the implant. As a result, the Gender Solutions Knee reflects gender differences in both size and, more importantly, shape. We have begun to apply that same research in developing genderbased hip replacement products. women’S muSculoSkeletal health: Creating gender-specific solutions The Gender Solutions Knee and our forthcoming genderspecific hips are the beginning of a series of initiatives using implants, our unique MIS techniques and an understanding of differences between men’s and women’s biology and physiology to develop solutions that address women’s musculoskeletal health issues. According to the Arthritis Foundation, 26 million women in the United States suffer from joint pain, compared with 17 million men. The higher incidence of joint pain among women may be attributable to higher relative rates of obesity and osteoporosis, which may in some cases be related to lower estrogen levels. In contrast to a traditional implant that overhangs the female bone (top), Zimmer Gender Solutions Knee implant (bottom) shows little or no overhang, thus minimizing the need to make adjustments during surgery. 15 enable > innovate > grow eXPandinG SPine and dental buSineSSeS: Significant growth and possible acquisitions Our leadership in hips and knees is helping our Spine and Dental businesses to leverage the strength of the Zimmer brand. In the spinal market, our Dynesys Dynamic Stabilization System continues to drive growth. In 2006, we launched a coated screw version of the Dynesys system, the first on the market. The product uses hydroxyapatite (HA)coated screws, which may lead to faster bone ongrowth. In the second half of 2006, we introduced Vista®P PEEK VBR Implant for lumbar vertebral body replacement. Polyether etherketone (PEEK) is a hard radiolucent plastic that allows unobstructed radiologic visualization. This offering, Zimmer’s entry into the PEEK vertebral body replacement infraStructure inveStmentS: Enhancing our status as the low-cost manufacturer and distributor As we continue to bring innovative prod ucts to market, the expanded footprint created by the integration of Centerpulse should be a competitive advantage. Instead of outsourcing key functions, Zimmer is leveraging our core competen cies and our scale by “insourcing” best practices. As a result, we actually have more capacity with fewer plants. To make sure we continue to realize the efficiencies of vertical integration, we have established Our aggressive approach to surgeon education is building our Dynesys Dynamic Stabilization System into a strong brand after little more than a year in the U.S. market. Key dental products launched in 2006 a manufacturing forum to identify best include the Zimmer OnePiece Implant and practices and spread them across our orga Hex-Lock Contour Abutments as well as nization. For example, Zimmer’s increased Puros® Dermis and Pericardium regenera use of automation and robotics is an area tive membrane products. We also began that continues to yield cost improvement offering our Puros Allograft line of bone with more than $22 million spent on over grafting products in Latin America. 60 custom robots. market, helps to round out our spinal We have expanded the restorative options In 2006, Zimmer purchased and renovated portfolio. Its innovative design features for the Tapered Screw-Vent® Implant System a 130,000 square foot manufacturing facility a unique toothlike structure for improved to include Contour Ceramic Abutments, in Warsaw, Indiana to serve as the head adherence to bone. which provide a naturalcolored base for quarters for the Zimmer Trauma Division. Meanwhile, our dental business has become truly global. In 2006, Dental In addition, we now have a system of was the fastest growing product segment. Contour Restorative Aids for the Hex-Lock Trauma Division to concentrate on growing Zimmer’s presence in the trauma market. an esthetic allceramic crown. This investment will further allow the Our fastest growing region was Asia Pacific, Contour Abutment to facilitate simple award-winninG comPliance where this region’s large population is esthetic restorations. These components beginning to accept dental implants as allow for snapon impressions and assist a better alternative to traditional crown with fabrication of the provisional and and bridge solutions. final restorations. Just as we are a global leader in the design, development, manufacturing and marketing of orthopaedic solutions, Zimmer strives At our 250,000 square foot distribution center, computerization and automation enable us to ship up to 40,000 items a day with better than 99.997 percent accuracy. Vista®-P PEEK VBR Implant This vertebral body replacement system is constructed of a hard radiolucent plastic for clear radiologic views. Its toothlike structure is designed for improved adherence to bone. 16 Zimmer’s custom built, automated and modular cleaning cell for femorals saves floor space, reduces labor and utilizes lean manufacturing concepts. to be a leader in compliance practices for pricing, accounting controls and ethical behavior. Toward that end, we have put in place what we believe is a robust compliance program that is overseen by a dedicated corporate officer and some 40 fulltime compliancerelated support staff. As proof of its commitment, the Health Ethics Trust awarded Zimmer recognition for best practices in vendor relationships. The underlying principles and methodology of our program are executed globally in a consistent manner. We also were instrumental in the efforts of the Advanced Medical Technology Association, or AdvaMed, to develop a Code of Ethics for Interactions with Health Care Professionals. In 2006, Zimmer took the Code guidelines to the next level by becoming an early adopter of AdvaMed’s Code of Ethics supporter logo. This program requires written CEO commitment to aspects of a compliance program exceeding the original code. our evolvinG Portfolio Zimmer’s broadbased portfolio of ortho paedic solutions is clearly evolving toward a more robust combination of both recon structive and regenerative technologies. We recognize that our size and scale offer an opportunity to provide solutions across all orthopaedic segments. Zimmer believes that this depth offers a higher quality of life for patients worldwide. Zimmer has invested over $1 billion in capital equipment since 2000. Our hightolerance, computer controlled knee grinding machines offer 43 percent higher throughput and cut production time from 21 days to 5 shifts. The Education Committee of Health Ethics Trust recognized Zimmer for best compliance practices in the area of vendor relationships. 17 our portfolio of solutions Zimmer’s product portfolio combines gamechanging tech nologies with timetested solutions to reach a broad spectrum of patients on the continuum of care. We support those prod ucts with bestinclass service, valueadded education and innovative surgical techniques and instrumentation. We market and sell our products directly to hospitals and other health care institutions, as well as through distributors and health care dealers and directly to dental practices and laboratories. We make significant investments to train and educate sales associates, sales managers and support personnel on the benefits of our products so they can more effectively provide service and technical support to surgeons. Shown on these pages are representative products from each of our businesses. A more complete listing appears in the attached Annual Report on Form 10K under “Business.” Minimally Invasive SolutionsTM Procedures and Technologies Zimmer has developed procedures and instrumentation that make it possible for surgeons to use minimally invasive techniques with a number of our knee, hip and trauma products. Instruments developed for Zimmer ® MIS Posterior Hip Procedure are softtissue friendly and facilitate proper implant placement. 18 knees #1 market position Global Market Size: $5.2 billion Global Market Growth: Zimmer Market Share: 8% 28% Zimmer Gender Solutions Knee The Zimmer Gender Solutions Knee implants account for gender differences by addressing key areas of gender distinction that most affect the fit and function of knee implants. MIS Modular Tibial Plate This stemmed tibial component combines the geometry of the traditional NexGen® Complete Knee Solution stemmed component with MISfriendliness in a twopiece design. DeNovo NT Natural Tissue Graft Developed in partnership with ISTO Technologies, this living tissue graft is intended to repair cartilage defects, restore joint function and relieve knee pain. Under fluorescent light, the minced tissue glows green, indicating living cells. Zimmer Gender Solutions Knee Femoral Implant MIS Modular Tibial Plates DeNovo NT Natural Tissue Graft hips #1 market position extremities #2 market position dental #4 market position Global Market Size: $4.5 billion Global Market Size: $0.4 billion Global Market Size: $2.2 billion Global Market Growth: 6% Global Market Growth: 13% Global Market Growth: Zimmer Market Share: 27% Zimmer Market Share: 19% Zimmer Market Share: 22% 8% VerSys® Epoch® Full Coat Composite Anatomical Shoulder TM Zimmer One-Piece Implant Hip Stem Inverse/Reverse System Engineered for strength, stability and Designed to combine strength with The Anatomical Shoulder Inverse/Reverse simplicity, the onepiece design allows flexibility similar to the femur, the System offers the potential for pain relief for a singlestage procedure and fast VerSys Epoch Full Coat stem provides and restoration of function using the restoration, saving time and resulting a combination of lengths and offsets to same humeral stem used for primary, in less trauma to soft tissue and less address the differences between men’s revision or fracture reconstructions. discomfort for patients. and women’s hips. Zimmer ® Trabecular Metal TM Zimmer Contour Ceramic Abutments Zimmer M/L Taper Hip Prosthesis Reverse Shoulder System These abutments provide a natural This titanium alloy stem is coated with Featuring the proven clinical results of colored base for an esthetic allceramic titanium alloy plasma spray to allow Trabecular Metal Technology, this shoulder crown. In addition, Contour Restorative bone to grow onto the implant and help system aids in the restoration of normal Aids for the Hex-Lock Contour Abutment provide secure fixation. function for patients suffering from severe allow for snapon impressions and Durom® Acetabular Cup with Metasul LDH ® Large Diameter Heads distortion of bone anatomy and loss of assist with fabrication of the provisional rotator cuff function. and final restorations. The Durom system is the only metalon Zimmer ® Collagen Repair Patch Puros Dermis Allograft Tissue Matrix metal offering that is forged, not cast, Designed to provide durable rotator cuff Used for both horizontal and vertical soft with a high carbon content producing a repair, the Zimmer Collagen Repair Patch tissue augmentation to increase volume smoother, harder surface that could lead can withstand a significantly larger load and provide a highly cosmetic clinical to less wear and greater implant longevity. than competitive patches. result. This is the latest addition to the VerSys Epoch Full Coat Composite Hip Stem Puros Allograft family of products. Zimmer OnePiece Implant Zimmer M/L Taper Hip Prosthesis Durom Acetabular Cup with Metasul LDH Large Diameter Heads Anatomical Shoulder Inverse/Reverse System Zimmer Trabecular Metal Reverse Shoulder System Zimmer Contour Ceramic Abutment Zimmer Collagen Repair Patch Puros Dermis Allograft Tissue Matrix 19 our portfolio of solutions (continued) spine #6 market position trauma #5 market position Global Market Size: $5.3 billion Global Market Size: $3.3 billion Global Market Growth: 15% Global Market Growth: 10% orthopaedic surgical products Zimmer develops, manufactures and markets surgical products that support our reconstructive, spine, dental and trauma Zimmer Market Share: 3% Zimmer Market Share: 6% product systems in the operating room. Dynesys® Dynamic Stabilization System Zimmer Minimally Invasive Solutions PALACOS ® Bone Cement(6) with Hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated screws Femoral Nailing Solutions This product is used by Intended for dynamic stabilization patients Designed to reduce tissue disruption, orthopaedic surgeons in who would benefit from improved early Zimmer MIS Femoral Nailing Solutions joint replacement proce screw fixation, this system features HA offer the potential for less surgical dures to securely fix coating, which can accelerate bone on trauma and a quicker return to daily implants to patient bones and features an growth during the early postoperative period activities for the patient. antibiotic version intended to reduce the for an enhanced screwbone interface. Zimmer ® NCB® Plating System risk of infection. Optima® ZS Spinal Fixation System(5) This locking plate system expands a Zimmer ® A.T.S.® 3000 Automatic A lowprofile, inline, polyaxial pedicle surgeon’s options in trauma surgery by Tourniquet System screw design, the Optima System delivering the ability to target and lock, This market share leading offers threedimensional adjustability if appropriate, cortical or cancellous system uses patented while allowing for simple, stable screws with polyaxial freedom at any “Limb Occlusion Pressure construct assembly. time during the procedure. Zimmer Minimally Invasive Solutions Femoral Nailing Solutions Zimmer NCB Plating System Trabecular Metal Spacers The Trabecular Metal Technology has a wide range of orthopaedic applications. Trabecular Metal shapes are indicated for Thoracolumbar Vertebral Body Replacement procedures as well as bone void fillers. Dynesys Dynamic Stabilization System with Dynesys® Hydroxyapatite (HA) Pedicle Screws Optima ZS Spinal Fixation System Trabecular Metal Spacers 20 (LOP)” technology to help the physician determine the recommended pressure setting for surgery based on the patient’s specific physiology. Pulsavac® Plus AC Wound Debridement System This is an environmentally friendly product used for cleaning and debridement of contaminants and foreign matter from wounds using simultaneous irrigation and suction. High power efficiently clears bone and cement debris during surgical proce dures using a reusable AC adapter box, which eliminates the need for alkaline batteries. A wide variety of tips complete the product line. footnotes (4) Bobyn JD, Stackpool G, Toh KK, et al. Bone ingrowth characteristics and interface mechanics of a new porous tantalum biomaterial. J Bone Joint Surg. 1999; 81-B: 907-14. (5) Optima® ZS Spinal Fixation System is a trademark of U & I Corporation. (6) PALACOS is a trademark of Heraeus Kulzer GmbH. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For year ended December 31, 2006 Commission ﬁle number 001-16407 ZIMMER HOLDINGS, INC. (Exact name of registrant as speciﬁed in its charter) Delaware (State of Incorporation) 345 East Main Street, Warsaw, Indiana (Address of principal executive ofﬁces) 13-4151777 (IRS Employer Identiﬁcation No.) 46580 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (574) 267-6131 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, $.01 par value Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as deﬁned in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¥ No n Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to ﬁle reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes n No ¥ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has ﬁled all reports required to be ﬁled by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to ﬁle such reports), and (2) has been subject to such ﬁling requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ¥ No ¥ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent ﬁlers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in deﬁnitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¥ Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a large accelerated ﬁler, an accelerated ﬁler or a non-accelerated ﬁler. See deﬁnition of ‘‘accelerated ﬁler and large accelerated ﬁler’’ in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated ﬁler ¥ Non-accelerated ﬁler n Accelerated ﬁler n Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as deﬁned Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes n No ¥ The aggregate market value of shares held by non-afﬁliates was $13,780,396,086 (based on closing price of these shares on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2006, and assuming solely for the purpose of this calculation that all directors and executive ofﬁcers of the registrant are ‘‘afﬁliates’’). As of February 15, 2007, 237,163,344 shares of the registrant’s $.01 par value common stock were outstanding. Documents Incorporated by Reference Document Portions of the Proxy Statement with respect to the 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders Form 10-K Part III Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T This annual report contains certain statements that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws. When used in this report, the words ‘‘may,’’ ‘‘will,’’ ‘‘should,’’ ‘‘anticipate,’’ ‘‘estimate,’’ ‘‘expect,’’ ‘‘plan,’’ ‘‘believe,’’ ‘‘predict,’’ ‘‘potential,’’ ‘‘project,’’ ‘‘target,’’ ‘‘forecast,’’ ‘‘intend’’ and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. These risks and uncertainties include the important risks and uncertainties that may affect our future operations that we describe in Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors of this report. We may update that discussion in Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q we ﬁle hereafter. Readers of this report are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. While we believe the assumptions on which the forward-looking statements are based are reasonable, there can be no assurance that these forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate. This cautionary statement is applicable to all forward-looking statements contained in this report. Table of Contents PART I Item 1. Business Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2. Properties Item 3. Legal Proceedings Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders PART II Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Item 6. Selected Financial Data Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Ofﬁcers and Corporate Governance Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneﬁcial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Signatures Page 3 15 20 21 21 21 22 23 24 35 38 64 64 64 65 65 65 65 65 66 67 2 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . PART I ITEM 1. Business GENERAL We are a global leader in the design, development, manufacture and marketing of reconstructive orthopaedic implants, including joint and dental, spinal implants, trauma products and related orthopaedic surgical products. We also provide hospital-focused consulting services to help member institutions design, implement and manage successful orthopaedic programs of distinction. In this report, ‘‘Zimmer’’ ‘‘we’’, ‘‘us’’, ‘‘our’’ and similar words refer collectively to Zimmer Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Zimmer Holdings refers to the parent company only. Zimmer Holdings was incorporated in Delaware in 2001. Our history dates to 1927, when Zimmer Manufacturing Company, a predecessor, was founded in Warsaw, Indiana. On August 6, 2001, Zimmer Holdings was spun off from its former parent and became an independent public company. In October 2003, we ﬁnalized our acquisition of Centerpulse AG (‘‘Centerpulse’’), a Switzerland-based orthopaedics company and the leader in the European reconstructive market. In addition to providing us with a leading position in the European orthopaedic reconstructive implant market, the Centerpulse acquisition furnished us with a platform in the growing spine and dental implant markets. In April 2004, we acquired Implex Corp. (‘‘Implex’’), now known as Zimmer Trabecular Metal Technology, Inc., a company with which we had a distribution and strategic alliance since 2000 for the commercialization of reconstructive implant and trauma products incorporating Trabecular MetalTM Technology. Trabecular Metal Technology is made of the highly biocompatible element Tantalum and it resembles natural bone in its porosity, structural strength and bending characteristics, making it an attractive choice for orthopaedic implants. We acquired Musculoskeletal Management Systems, LLC, more commonly known as The Human Motion Institute (‘‘HMI’’), in June 2006. HMI is a hospital efﬁciency consulting business focused on orthopaedics and its programs are designed to enable hospitals to build volumes, improve patient care and increase margins. The HMI acquisition has provided us a platform upon which to further execute and expand our strategic initiatives related to healthcare economics. In 2006, we redeﬁned our overall corporate strategies to focus on our ability to ENABLE, INNOVATE and GROW as our industry and business evolves. Each of these redeﬁned corporate strategies is linked with three underlying initiatives. Under our corporate strategy to ENABLE, we have established initiatives pertaining to Educational Leadership, Healthcare Economics, and New Audiences. In addition, concerning our redeﬁned corporate strategy to INNOVATE, we are focusing on initiatives dedicated to Biologics, Advanced Designs and Materials, and Zimmer˛ SmartTools Solutions. Finally, with regard to our corporate strategy to 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T GROW, we have identiﬁed initiatives regarding Women’s Musculoskeletal Health, Expanding Spine and Dental, and Continued Infrastructure Investments. We expect that, together, these strategic initiatives that we redeﬁned in 2006 will guide our business for the foreseeable future. Additional information concerning our redeﬁned strategic initiatives can be found below in Part II, Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. CUSTOMERS, SALES AND MARKETING Our primary customers include musculoskeletal surgeons, neurosurgeons, oral surgeons, dentists, hospitals, distributors, healthcare dealers and, in their capacity as agents, healthcare purchasing organizations or buying groups. These customers range from large multinational enterprises to independent surgeons. We have operations in more than 24 countries and market products in more than 100 countries, with corporate headquarters in Warsaw, Indiana, and more than 100 manufacturing, distribution and warehousing and/or ofﬁce facilities worldwide. We manage our operations through three major geographic segments – the Americas, which is comprised principally of the United States and includes other North, Central and South American markets; Europe, which is comprised principally of Europe and includes the Middle East and Africa; and Asia Paciﬁc, which is comprised primarily of Japan and includes other Asian and Paciﬁc markets. Detailed ﬁnancial and other information regarding our reportable geographic segments can be found in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included in this report under Item 8. We market and sell products through three principal channels: 1) direct to health care institutions, such as hospitals, or direct channel accounts, 2) through stocking distributors and, in the Asia Paciﬁc region, healthcare dealers, and 3) directly to dental practices and dental laboratories. With direct channel accounts, inventory is generally consigned to sales agents or customers. With sales to stocking distributors, healthcare dealers, dental practices and dental laboratories, title to product passes generally upon shipment. Direct channel accounts represented more than 80 percent of our net sales in 2006. No individual direct channel account, stocking distributor, healthcare dealer, dental practice or dental laboratory accounted for more than 1 percent of our net sales for 2006. We stock inventory in our warehouse facilities and retain title to consigned inventory in sufﬁcient quantities so that products are available when needed for surgical procedures. Safety stock levels are determined based on a number of factors, including demand, manufacturing lead times and quantities required to maintain service levels. We also carry 3 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T trade accounts receivable balances based on credit terms that are generally consistent with local market practices. We utilize a network of sales associates, sales managers and support personnel, most of whom are employed by independent distributors and sales agencies. We invest a signiﬁcant amount of time and expense in training sales associates in such areas as product features and beneﬁts, how to use speciﬁc products and how to best inform surgeons of product features and uses. Sales force representatives rely heavily on strong technical selling skills, medical education and the ability to provide technical support for surgeons. In response to the different healthcare systems throughout the world, our sales and marketing strategies and organizational structures differ by region. We utilize a global approach to sales force training, marketing and medical education to provide consistent, high quality service. Additionally, we keep current with key surgical developments and other issues related to musculoskeletal surgeons and the medical procedures they perform, in part, by sponsoring medical education events. In 2006, we sponsored more than 1,800 medical education events and meetings with and among musculoskeletal surgeons around the world. Americas. The Americas is our largest geographic segment, accounting for $2,076.5 million, or 59 percent, of 2006 net sales, with the United States accounting for 95 percent of net sales in this region. The United States sales force consists of independent sales agents, most of whom sell products exclusively for Zimmer. Sales agents in the United States receive a commission on product sales and are responsible for many operating decisions and costs. Sales commissions are accrued at the time of sale. In this region, we contract with group purchasing organizations and managed care accounts and have promoted unit growth by offering volume discounts to customer health care institutions within a speciﬁed group. At negotiated thresholds within a contract buying period, price discounts increase. Generally, we are designated as one of several preferred purchasing sources for speciﬁed products, although members are not obligated to purchase our products. Contracts with group purchasing organizations generally have a term of three years with extensions as warranted. A majority of hospitals in the United States belong to at least one group purchasing organization. In 2006, individual hospital orders purchased through contractual arrangements with such group purchasing organizations accounted for approximately 58 percent of our net sales in the United States. Contractual sales were highest through Novation, LLC, Premier Purchasing Partners, L.P., and Health Trust Purchasing Group, representing 32 percent, 16 percent and 8 percent, respectively, of net sales in the United States. No individual end-user, however, accounted for over 1 percent of our net sales, and the top ten end-users accounted for approximately 4 percent of our aggregate net sales in the United States. In the Americas, we monitor and rank independent sales agents across a range of performance metrics. We evaluate and reward independent sales agents based on achieving 4 certain sales targets and on maintaining efﬁcient levels of working capital. We set expectations for efﬁcient management of inventory and provide independent sales agents an incentive to aid in the collection of receivables. Europe. The European geographic segment accounted for $931.1 million, or 27 percent, of 2006 net sales, with France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom collectively accounting for more than 77 percent of net sales in the region. This segment also includes other key markets, including Benelux, Nordic, Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Our sales force in this region is comprised of independent distributors, commissioned agents, direct sales associates and sales support personnel. In Europe, we emphasize the advantages of our clinically proven, established designs and innovative solutions, such as minimally invasive surgical procedures and technologies and new and enhanced materials and surfaces. Asia Paciﬁc. The Asia Paciﬁc geographic segment accounted for $487.8 million, or 14 percent, of 2006 net sales, with Japan being the largest market within this segment, accounting for approximately 58 percent of the region’s sales. This segment also includes key markets such as Australia, New Zealand, Korea, China, Taiwan, India, Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong and Malaysia. In Japan and most countries in the Asia Paciﬁc region, we maintain a network of dealers, who act as order agents on behalf of hospitals in the region, and sales associates, who build and maintain relationships with musculoskeletal surgeons in their markets. These sales associates cover over 7,000 hospitals in the region. The knowledge and skills of our sales associates play a critical role in providing service, product information and support to surgeons. We intend to continue to sponsor medical education and training programs in the region relating to orthopaedic surgery. The key marketing and educational activities in the region center on minimally invasive surgical procedures and technologies, increased range of motion and improved patient outcomes. SEASONALITY Our business is somewhat seasonal in nature, as many of our products are used in elective procedures, which typically decline during the summer months and holiday seasons. DISTRIBUTION We generally ship our orders via expedited courier. Our operations support local language labeling for shipments to the European Union member countries. We operate distribution facilities domestically in Warsaw, Indiana; Dover, Ohio; Statesville, North Carolina; Memphis, Tennessee; Carlsbad, California; and, internationally, in Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Our backlog of ﬁrm orders is not considered material to an understanding of our business. Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . PRODUCTS Our products include joint and dental reconstructive orthopaedic implants, spinal implants, trauma products, and related orthopaedic surgical products. Reconstructive orthopaedic implants restore joint function lost due to disease or trauma in joints such as knees, hips, shoulders and elbows. Dental reconstructive implants restore function and aesthetics in patients that have lost teeth due to trauma or disease. Orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons use spinal implants in the treatment of degenerative diseases, deformities and trauma. Trauma products are used primarily to reattach or stabilize damaged bone and tissue to support the body’s natural healing process. Our related orthopaedic surgical products include supplies and instruments designed to aid in orthopaedic surgical procedures and post-operation rehabilitation. Information about product sales can be found in Item 7 of this report. Orthopaedic Reconstructive Implants Minimally Invasive Solutions Procedures and Technologies In 2006, we continued to expand our efforts to apply minimally invasive surgical techniques to orthopaedic surgery, which we refer to as Minimally Invasive SolutionsTM (MIS) Procedures and Technologies. The principal goals of these MIS Technology efforts are to reduce the hardships of having a total joint replacement, such as the time a patient must spend in rehabilitation, pain reduction and lost time from work. We have used The Zimmer Institute, with its main facility located at our global headquarters, and satellite centers, to facilitate the training of over 6,200 surgeons on several MIS Procedures. In 2006, we trained nearly 2,000 surgeons through The Zimmer Institute network. We work directly with several global medical centers to evaluate and reﬁne advanced minimally invasive knee and hip replacement procedures. We have 25 existing partnerships to provide surgeon education at The Zimmer Institute and its satellite locations. We continue to work with our global network of medical centers and leading surgeons to evaluate and reﬁne our MIS procedures. As reﬁnements occur, they are incorporated into our course curriculum. For example, in December 2006, we assembled a panel of experts in the Zimmer˛ MIS 2-IncisionTM Total Hip Replacement Procedure in Warsaw, Indiana to discuss opportunities to further improve this already successful procedure. In the latter part of 2006, we introduced our MIS Anterior Supine Total Hip Replacement Procedure. This procedure can be performed using a traditional operating room table that decreases surgical time and capital costs and allows for more accurate assessment of leg length and joint stability. Throughout 2006, we continued to develop navigation systems, through the use of image-guided surgical technology, to aid in the placement of instrumentation and implants where navigation is difﬁcult due to the small 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T incisions necessary in effectuating minimally invasive procedures. We trained nearly 50 surgeons in the use of electromagnetic Computer Assisted Surgery-enabled knee replacement procedures. This technology continues to improve. We are focused on commercializing existing MIS Technique approaches and investigating new ways to apply MIS Technology principles to additional procedures and products. Knee Implants Total knee replacement surgeries typically include a femoral component, a patella (knee cap), a tibial tray and an articular surface (placed on the tibial tray). Knee replacement surgeries include ﬁrst-time, or primary, joint replacement procedures and revision procedures for the replacement, repair or enhancement of an implant or component from a previous procedure. Knee implants are designed to accommodate different levels of ligament stabilization of the joint. While some knee implant designs, called cruciate retaining (CR) designs, require the retention of the posterior cruciate ligament, other designs, called posterior stabilized (PS) designs, provide joint stability without the posterior cruciate ligament. There are also procedures for partial reconstruction of the knee, which treat limited knee degeneration and involve the replacement of only one side, or compartment, of the knee with a unicompartmental knee prosthesis. Our portfolio of MIS Techniques includes the MIS Mini- Incision Total Knee Procedures and the MIS Quad-SparingTM Total Knee Replacement Procedure, with the incorporation of Computer Assisted Surgery-enabled electromagnetic navigation capability. The MIS Mini-Incision Total Knee Instruments feature smaller instruments which accommodate a smaller incision and less disruption of the surrounding soft tissues. The MIS Quad-Sparing Total Knee Procedure features advanced instrument concepts which allow surgeons to perform the total knee arthroplasty through a 7-10 cm incision without cutting the patient’s muscles or tendons. We offer a wide range of products for specialized knee procedures, including the following: The NexGen NexGen˛ Complete Knee Solution. Knee product line is a comprehensive system for knee replacement surgery which has had signiﬁcant application in PS, CR and revision procedures. The NexGen Knee System offers joint stability and sizing that can be tailored to individual patient needs while providing surgeons with a uniﬁed system of interchangeable components. The NexGen Knee System provides surgeons with complete and versatile knee instrument options, including Zimmer MIS Quad- Sparing and MIS Mini-Incision Instruments, milling and multiple traditional saw blade cutting instrument systems. The breadth and versatility of the NexGen Knee System allows surgeons to change from one type of implant to another during surgery, according to the needs of the patient, and to support current surgical philosophies. 5 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T The NexGen Legacy˛ Posterior Stabilized Knee product line provides stability in the absence of the posterior cruciate ligament. The PS capabilities were augmented through the introduction of the NexGen Legacy Posterior Stabilized Flex Knee (the ‘‘LPS-Flex Knee’’), a high-ﬂexion implant that has the potential to accommodate knee ﬂexion up to a 155-degree range of motion in some patients. The NexGen CR product line is designed to be used in conjunction with a functioning posterior cruciate ligament. The NexGen CR-Flex Fixed Bearing Knee is designed with components to provide a greater range of motion for patients who require deep bending in their daily activities. The NexGen CR-Flex Femoral Components allow the surgeon to adjust component sizing without removing additional bone. The NexGen Revision Knee product line consists of several different products that are designed to provide clinical solutions to surgeons for various revision situations, including a bone augmentation implant system made from our Trabecular Metal Technology material. These augments are designed to address signiﬁcant bone loss in revision surgery. We introduced NexGen Knee Gender SolutionsTM Femorals in 2006. These represent the ﬁrst knee implants speciﬁcally shaped to offer ﬁt and function optimized for anatomic features that are more commonly seen in female patients. This is our ﬁrst Gender implant and is now an important strategic focus for us, as more than half of total knee arthroplasty patients are female. Gender Solutions Femorals are available in both CR-Flex and LPS-Flex conﬁgurations. We offer improved polyethylene performance in the NexGen Knee System with our conventional polyethylene and ProlongTM Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene, which offers reduced wear, resistance to oxidation, pitting and cracking and is the only insert cleared by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for resistance to delamination. Prolong Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene is available in both NexGen CR-Flex and LPS-Flex designs. The Natural-Knee˛ II System. The Natural-Knee II System consists of a range of interchangeable, anatomically designed implants which include a proprietary Cancellous- Structured TitaniumTM (CSTiTM) Porous Coating option for stable ﬁxation in active patients and Durasul˛ Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene. We launched new Natural-Knee II MIS instruments in December 2004 which are designed to accommodate a smaller incision. The Innex Knee The Innex˛ Total Knee System. System offers ﬁxed bearing and mobile bearing knee components all designed within the same system philosophy. While the Innex Knee System is best known for its mobile bearing knee offering, the availability of differing levels of articular constraint and the Innex Revision Knee components provide for a comprehensive mobile and ﬁxed bearing knee system. The Innex Knee System is distributed in Europe and 6 Asia Paciﬁc, and is not available for commercial distribution in the United States. The Zimmer˛ Unicompartmental High-Flex Knee The Zimmer Unicompartmental High-Flex Knee System. System offers a high ﬂexion design to unicompartmental knee surgery. The high ﬂexion product was designed speciﬁcally for MIS Procedures and Technologies. The system offers the surgeon the ability to conserve bone by replacing only the compartment of the knee that has had degenerative changes. Hip Implants Total hip replacement surgeries replace both the head of the femur and the socket portion of the pelvis (acetabulum) of the natural hip. Hip procedures include ﬁrst time, or primary, joint replacement as well as revision procedures. Approximately 40 percent of hip implant procedures involve the use of bone cement to attach or afﬁx the prosthetic components to the surrounding bone. The remaining are press-ﬁt into bone, which means that they have a surface that bone afﬁxes to through either ongrowth or ingrowth technologies. Our portfolio of MIS Techniques includes the Zimmer MIS 2-Incision, the Zimmer MIS Posterior, and the Zimmer MIS Anterolateral Techniques. The incision for a traditional open hip primary replacement may be approximately 12 inches long. Other less invasive approaches, such as a ‘‘mini’’ incision for hips, have been in existence for some time. Since January 2004, surgeons have been able to use a computer image-guided MIS 2-Incision Hip Procedure with technology and instrumentation co-developed by us and our MIS Technologies computer navigation partner, Medtronic, Inc. We received a U.S. patent for our MIS 2- Incision Hip Procedure in 2004. Our key hip replacement products include: VerSys˛ Hip System. The VerSys Hip System is supported by a common instrumentation set and is an integrated family of hip products with design-speciﬁc options to meet varying surgical philosophies and patient needs. The VerSys Hip System includes the following features: a variety of stem designs and ﬁxation options for both primary and revision situations, a modular design that allows for a variety of femoral heads, optimal sizing selections, and a common instrumentation set for use with virtually all VerSys Stems. The Trabecular Metal Primary Hip Prosthesis. Trabecular Metal Primary Hip Prosthesis product was our ﬁrst utilization of Trabecular Metal Technology on a hip prosthesis. The prosthesis utilizes a unique proximal design to aggressively lock the prosthesis in the bone and provide for an optimized environment for bony ingrowth to occur into the highly porous Trabecular Metal material. Zimmer˛ M/L Taper Prosthesis. The Zimmer M/L Taper Prosthesis offers a dual wedge and proximally porous coated design that was based on long term clinically proven concepts. The M/L Taper has become widely used in MIS Procedures due to its overall design and ease of use. Speciﬁc Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T instruments have been developed to facilitate the insertion of the Zimmer M/L Taper Hip Prosthesis through the MIS Anterolateral Technique. The Alloclassic˛ Zweym ¨uller˛ Hip System. Alloclassic Zweym ¨uller Hip System has become the most used, primary, cementless hip in the world. This is one of the few stems available today that is practically unchanged since its introduction in 1979. A new offset design was added in 2004 and offers the surgeon increased capability to restore the patient’s anatomical joint movement. CLS˛ Spotorno˛ Hip Stem. The CLS SpotornoStem is one of our largest selling hip prostheses, especially in the European markets. Additions to the product line in 2004 provided the capability for restoration of the physiological center of rotation. The CLS Spotorno Stem has excellent clinical results, conﬁrmed by the 2004 Swedish Hip Registry with a 100 percent implant survivorship after 11 years. Trilogy˛ Acetabular System. The Trilogy Acetabular System, including titanium alloy shells, polyethylene liners, screws and instruments, is our primary acetabular cup system. The Trilogy family of products offers versatile component designs and instrumentation. One option, the Longevity˛ Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene Liner, is designed to address the issue of wear and reduce the generation of debris in total hip arthroplasty. Polyethylene debris may cause the degeneration of bone surrounding reconstructive implants, a painful condition called osteolysis. We began offering the Trabecular Metal Modular Primary Acetabular System in 2004. This particular product incorporates design features from the Trilogy family of acetabular shells augmented with the advanced ﬁxation surface of Trabecular Metal Material. In addition to the Trabecular Metal Acetabular System, we also offer a Trabecular Metal Revision Acetabular Shell for advanced ﬁxation in acetabulae with insufﬁcient bone. Alternative Bearing Technology. We have a broad portfolio of alternative bearing technologies which include Longevity and Durasul˛ Highly Crosslinked Polyethylenes, Metasul˛ Metal-on-Metal Articulation and Cerasul˛ and Trilogy AB˛ Ceramic-on-Ceramic Articulation. Alternative bearings are designed to minimize wear over time, potentially increasing the longevity of the implant. In 2006, we received approval from the FDA to market the Trilogy AB Acetabular System. Durom˛ Hip Resurfacing System. This product is particularly suited to patients who are at risk of requiring multiple hip replacements over their lifetimes since it preserves the patient’s healthy bone stock. A primary objective of this system is to allow the patient to return to an active lifestyle. The Durom System uses the highly wear resistant Metasul Metal-on-Metal Technology as the bearing surface for the implant design. Since 1988, Metasul 1 Registered Trademark of Heraeus Kulzer GmbH. Technology has been used successfully for total hip replacement. Today’s metal-on-metal technology is the result of nearly two decades of development, research and clinical evaluation, which formed the foundation for the Durom Hip Resurfacing System. The option of the large diameter heads offers the advantage of a low-wear solution while providing greater joint stability and high range of motion in combination with the wide range of cemented and uncemented femoral implants. We received 510(k) approval from the FDA on the Durom Acetabular Shell and associated large diameter Metasul Heads in 2006. PALACOS˛1Bone Cement. In 2005, we acquired exclusive United States distribution rights for the PALACOS line of bone cement products manufactured by Heraeus Kulzer GmbH, a world leader in the development and production of orthopaedic bone cement products and other healthcare technologies. We also have non-exclusive distribution rights in speciﬁc geographies outside of the United States. Included in these brands are PALACOS R and PALACOS R+G Bone Cements, as well as PALACOS LV and PALACOS LV+G Bone Cements. The PALACOS R+G and PALACOS LV+G products are bone cements with the antibiotic gentamiacin pre-mixed in the formulation, which is used by the orthopaedic surgeon to reduce the risk of postoperative infection. The product’s handling characteristics make it well-suited for minimally invasive procedures. Extremity Implants Our extremity implants, primarily shoulder and elbow products, are designed to treat arthritic conditions and fractures, as well as to enhance the outcome of primary or revision surgery. Bigliani/Flatow˛ Complete Shoulder Solution The Bigliani/Flatow product line combined with Family. the Trabecular Metal Humeral Stem gives us a signiﬁcant presence in the global shoulder implant market. Trabecular Metal Reverse Shoulder System. Introduced in 2006, the Trabecular Metal Reverse Shoulder System incorporates advanced materials to offer improved orthobiological ingrowth potential through the utilization of Trabecular Metal Technology, while addressing signiﬁcant loss of rotator cuff function. The reverse shoulder system is designed to restore function to patients who, because of debilitating rotator cuff tears, are not candidates for traditional shoulder surgery and have exhausted other means of repair. Anatomical ShoulderTM System. The Anatomical Shoulder System can be tailored to each patient’s individual anatomy. This portfolio of products was further expanded into the United States in 2006 to include the Anatomical Shoulder Inverse/Reverse System, designed to address signiﬁcant loss of rotator cuff function. Additionally, we 7 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T introduced a fracture stem into this system in 2006. Both the primary and fracture shoulder implants can be converted to a reverse shoulder without removal of the initial implant. Zimmer˛ Collagen Repair Patch. This biological patch is used for the repair of rotator cuff injuries in the shoulder. This product can aid in reinforcing rotator cuff tears and help provide predictable strength of repair. The underlying technology was developed by Tissue Science Laboratories plc (TSL) of the United Kingdom, with whom we have an exclusive distribution agreement. Coonrad/Morrey Total Elbow. The Coonrad/Morrey Total Elbow product line is a family of elbow replacement implant products. Dental Products Our Dental division, headquartered in Carlsbad, California, manufactures and distributes (1) dental reconstructive implants – for individuals who are totally without teeth or are missing one or more teeth; (2) dental restorative products – aimed at providing a more natural restoration to mimic the original teeth; and (3) dental regenerative products – for soft tissue and bone rehabilitation. In 2006, Zimmer Dental opened a specialized Zimmer Institute training center dedicated to helping clinicians further their knowledge, skills and conﬁdence essential for the practice of contemporary implant dentistry. Dental Reconstructive Implants Our dental reconstructive implant products and surgical and restorative techniques include: Our Tapered Screw-Vent˛ Implant System. highest selling dental product line provides the clinician a tapered geometry which mimics the natural shape of a tooth root. The Tapered Screw-Vent System, with its two-stage design, was developed to minimize valuable chair time for restorations. Featuring a patented internal hex connection, multiple lead threads for reduced insertion time and selective surface coatings, the Tapered Screw-Vent Product is a technologically advanced dental implant offering features designed to allow the clinician to meet the needs of patients even in the most demanding circumstances. The introduction in 2006 of the Zimmer˛ One-Piece Implant System, designed to complement the success of the Tapered Screw-Vent System, enhances this product line by offering clinicians a fast, convenient restorative option. AdVent˛ Implant System. Utilizing many features of the Tapered Screw-Vent System, the AdVent Product is a transgingival, one stage design that utilizes the same surgical system as the Tapered Screw-Vent System, allowing the clinician to use both design concepts without incurring the added cost of a second surgical system. Tapered SwissPlus˛ Implant System. Designed to meet the needs of clinicians who prefer a transgingival, one stage, dental implant, the Tapered SwissPlus System incorporates multiple lead threads for faster insertion time, and a tapered body to allow it to be placed in tight interdental spaces. The Tapered SwissPlus System also incorporates an internal connection. Dental Restorative Products We commercialize products for the aesthetic market aimed at providing a more natural restoration. We offer a full line of prosthetic devices for each of the above dental implant systems as well as a custom solution, as follows: Zimmer˛ Hex-LockTM Contour Abutment and Designed to be used with our Restorative Products. Tapered Screw-Vent and One-Piece Implant Systems, our contour lines are an off-the-shelf solution for immediately addressing the diversity of patients’ needs. Featuring prepared margins, titanium and ceramic options, and snap-on impression caps, our abutments are designed to simplify the restoration process, save time for clinicians and technicians, and offer versatility. Atlantis˛2 Abutment. We market the Atlantis Abutment System through an agreement with Atlantis Components, Inc. This product allows for a custom made restoration improving aesthetic results in dental implant procedures. The abutments use a patented process that employs 3-D optical scanning, automated design software and integrated machining to manufacture individualized components for the dental implant market. Atlantis Abutments are available in titanium and ceramic. Dental Regenerative Products We market the following product lines for use in regenerative techniques in oral surgery: Puros˛ Allograft Products. The Puros Material is an allograft grafting material which utilizes the Tutoplast˛3 Tissue Processing Technique that provides exceptional bone and soft tissue grafting material for use in oral surgery. Zimmer Dental offers ﬁve distinct Puros Allograft products to use together or separately for various bone and soft tissue grafting needs: Puros Cancellous Particulate, Puros Cortical Particulate, Puros Block Allografts, Puros Pericardium Membranes, and Puros Dermis Membranes. We market the Puros Allograft Products through an agreement with Tutogen Medical, Inc. During 2006, within our Dental division, we released the Zimmer Hex-Lock Contour Abutment, Contour Ceramic Abutment, Contour Restorative Components, and the Atlantis Ceramic Abutment. Designed to mimic our successful Tapered Screw-Vent and the new aesthetic Contour restorative products, we introduced the Zimmer One-Piece Implant System, a single-stage line which can make immediate restoration easier and more convenient for the surgical and 2 Trademark of Atlantis Components, Inc. 3 Registered Trademark of Tutogen Medical, Inc. 8 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T restorative team. In 2006, we expanded our regenerative product portfolio, entering the soft tissue grafting market, with the addition of Puros Pericardium and Dermis Membranes, and we expanded distribution of the Puros product lines into Canada and Latin America. We also introduced new, color- coded packaging for all of our dental implant lines and a Zimmer˛ Surgical Motor System. Spine Implants Our Spine division, located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, designs, manufactures and distributes medical devices and surgical instruments that provide comprehensive spine care solutions for patients with back pain, neck pain, degenerative disc conditions and injuries due to trauma. Zimmer Spine offers orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons a full range of devices for posterior and anterior applications, including products in Interbody Fusion, Cervical, Thoracolumbar, Dynamic Stabilization and Biologic applications. Puros Allograft Products. We continue to sell traditional and specialty Puros Allograft Bone Products through our exclusive U.S. and Canadian distribution agreements with Tutogen Medical, Inc. Puros Products consist of traditional and specialty grafts which are produced from donated human tissues, preserved with Tutogen’s patented Tutoplast˛6Process of tissue preservation. The Tutoplast Process is a proprietary tissue processing system designed to signiﬁcantly reduce the amount of cells, bone marrow and lipid components from processed allograft bone and connective tissue while preserving the extra-cellular matrix (collagen and mineral components). CopiOs˛ Bone Void Filler. CopiOs Bone Void Filler is a collagen-based synthetic bone graft material formed into pads of various sizes for surgical implantation. It is intended for ﬁlling bone voids resulting from trauma or created by a surgeon. Our spine product offerings include: Trauma The Dynesys˛4 Dynamic Stabilization System. Dynesys System is used in the treatment of lower back and leg pain in skeletally mature patients. Developed to bring the lumbar vertebrae into a more natural anatomical position while stabilizing the affected segments, the Dynesys System uses ﬂexible materials threaded through pedicle screws rather than rigid rods or bone grafts alone or as an adjunct to fusion. ST360(cid:2)˛ Spinal Fixation System. The ST360(cid:2) Spinal Fixation System combines polyaxial screws and lateral connectors into a single system. The combination of polyaxial screws and lateral connectors reduces the potential for transferring loads, during assembly, between rods and screws that are not perfectly aligned. OptimaTM5 ZS Spinal Fixation System. The Optima ZS Spinal Fixation System is a low-proﬁle, in-line, polyaxial pedicle screw design incorporating three-dimensional adjustability while allowing for simple, stable construct assembly. Trinica˛ Select Anterior Cervical Plate System. The Trinica Select Anterior Cervical Plate System and All- Through-One instrumentation is designed to simplify the surgical procedure while requiring less retraction and reducing the risk of soft-tissue damage. The Trinica Select Self-Drilling Screws are designed to provide the surgeon with the option to reduce the amount of instruments, thereby potentially reducing the amount of retraction and surgical time required to implant the Trinica Select Plate. Trabecular Metal Technology. Trabecular Metal Technology has a wide range of orthopaedic applications. In the United States, Trabecular Metal Material shapes are cleared for Vertebral Body Replacement procedures as well as bone void ﬁllers. Trauma products include devices used primarily to stabilize damaged or broken bones and tissues to support the body’s natural healing process. The most common surgical stabilization of bone fracture involves the internal ﬁxation of bone fragments. This stabilization can involve the use of a wide assortment of plates, screws, nails, wires and pins. In addition, external ﬁxation devices may be used to stabilize fractures or correct deformities by applying them externally to the limb. We are focusing on aligning our trauma products with MIS Procedures and on integrating orthobiologics and other next-generation technologies into our trauma solutions. In 2005, we formed a standalone Zimmer Trauma division based in Warsaw, Indiana in order to compete more effectively against the companies that have been traditional market leaders in the ﬁeld. We offer a comprehensive line of trauma products, including: M/DN˛ Intramedullary Fixation, Sirus˛ Intramedullary Nail System, and I.T.S.T.˛ Intertrochanteric/ Subtrochanteric Fixation System. The M/DN, Sirus and I.T.S.T. Intramedullary Nailing Systems are utilized for the internal ﬁxation of long bone fractures. The systems include specialized instrumentation that allow the nails to be put in using a minimally invasive approach that can help improve patient recovery times. The I.T.S.T. Nail System helps surgeons treat patients with fractures of the hip and proximal femur. Most of these fractures occur in patients with osteoporosis. In 2006, new instrumentation was introduced for the I.T.S.T. System to enable the use of the nail through an MIS approach, which helps encourage early patient ambulation. Sirus Nails are highly anatomic, designed to match patients of every size. The nails and associated implants are made from titanium, a material which is preferred by many surgeons. The Sirus Nails, originally sold only in Europe and parts of Asia Paciﬁc, have recently been 4 The Dynesys Dynamic Stabilization Spinal System is indicated for use as an adjunct to fusion. 5 Trademark of U & J Corporation 6 Trademark of Tutogen Medical, Inc. 9 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T introduced into the United States, Japan and other key markets. Pneumicro system, as well as most competitive power tool Systems. NCB˛ Locking Plate System. The titanium NCB Zimmer˛ Ambulatory Pump. This line of products Locking Plates deliver the ability for surgeons to target screws with polyaxial freedom and utilize both conventional and locking technology in the treatment of complex fractures of the distal femur, proximal humerus and proximal tibia. Zimmer˛ Periarticular Locking Plate System. The Zimmer Periarticular Locking Plate System combines the advanced design techniques with locking screw technology to create constructs for use in comminuted fractures or where deﬁcient bone stock or poor bone quality is encountered. By combining locking screw holes with compression slots, the plates can be used as both locking devices and fracture compression devices. With the worldwide release of MIS instrumentation, these plates can be applied using a minimally invasive technique which minimizes additional trauma to the bones and soft tissues. Zimmer˛ Universal Locking System. The Zimmer Universal Locking System is a comprehensive system of stainless steel plates, screws and instruments for fracture ﬁxation. The Universal Locking System plates resemble standard plates, but have ﬁgure-8 shaped holes that will accommodate standard or locking screws on either side of the hole. As a result, the plate can be used, depending upon the fracture situation, as a compression plate, a locked internal ﬁxator or as an internal ﬁxation system combining both techniques. Orthopaedic Surgical Products We develop, manufacture and market surgical products that support our reconstructive, trauma, spinal and dental product systems in the operating room environment with a focus on blood management, surgical wound site management, pain management and patient management products. Our orthopaedic surgical products include: A.T.S.˛ Tourniquet Systems. The A.T.S. Tourniquet Systems Product Line is a family of tourniquet machines and cuffs designed to safely create a bloodless surgical ﬁeld. The machines include the A.T.S. 3000 Tourniquet, which utilizes patented technology to determine a patient’s proper ‘‘Limb Occlusion Pressure’’ based on the patient’s speciﬁc physiology. The range of cuffs which complement the machines provide the ﬂexibility to occlude blood ﬂow safely with convenience and accuracy for limbs of virtually every size and shape. In 2006, Surgical Power Tools and Consumables. we obtained United States distribution rights for the Brasseler USATM1 Orthopaedic Power System (BOPS) for large bone applications and the Pneumicro˛1 system for small bone applications. In addition, we also market a complete line of consumable blades and burs to be utilized with the Brasseler Orthopaedic Power System and 1 Trademarks of Brasseler USA, Inc. 10 in our portfolio is designed to provide physicians an alternative method for post-operative pain management. The elastomeric pump contained in the kit is provided by Baxter Healthcare and delivers non-systemic analgesic medications for surgical site infusions or regional nerve blockades. In addition, certain models in this portfolio offer the patient the ability to deliver a bolus of medication in order to address break-through pain. Pulsavac˛ Plus, Pulsavac Plus AC and Pulsavac Plus LP Wound Debridement Systems. These Pulsavac Systems are used for cleaning and debridement of contaminants and foreign matter from wounds using simultaneous irrigation and suction. All three Pulsavac Systems are completely disposable to reduce the risk of cross contamination. ORTHOBIOLOGICS Our research and development efforts include an Orthobiologics group based in Austin, Texas, with its own full-time staff and dedicated projects. We are working on orthobiological solutions to repair and regenerate damaged or degenerated orthopaedic tissues. These materials offer the possibility of treating damaged joints by orthobiological repair rather than replacing them with inert materials. A sampling of some of our key projects in the Orthobiologics area is set forth below. We are collaborating with ISTO Technologies, Inc. (ISTO) to develop chondral and osteochondral cartilage grafts for cartilage repair. ISTO is developing cartilage regeneration and cell-based therapies using cartilage cells from juvenile donor hyaline cartilage, with initial applications focused upon knee joints and spinal discs. A Phase I clinical trial (IND) is currently underway for Neocartilage, a living tissue-engineered graft under investigation for the restoration of cartilage defects, reestablishment of joint function and relief of pain in the knee. We plan to market the product as DeNovo˛ ET Engineered Tissue Graft. The DeNovo NT Natural Tissue Graft, another cartilage repair product we are developing in conjunction with ISTO, consists of juvenile chondrocytes in the form of minced cartilage tissue. We expect to begin marketing this product in late 2007. We have worldwide exclusive distribution rights for genetically engineered xenogeneic porcine tissues for orthopaedic applications from Revivicor, Inc., which has an advanced transgenic technology platform for the production of tissues and cells. We are centralizing our initial efforts on the development of technologies for orthopaedic applications, including the repair and replacement of damaged tendon, ligament, meniscus, cartilage, bone and spinal nucleus tissues. Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T As mentioned above under the caption ‘‘Extremity Implants’’, our orthobiological patch aids in repair of rotator cuff injuries in the shoulder. The underlying technology was developed by TSL and is being marketed by us as the Zimmer Collagen Repair Patch. Many orthopaedic surgical procedures use bone grafts to help regenerate lost or damaged bone. As noted above, our Spine and Trauma divisions introduced a technologically- advanced synthetic bone graft material, CopiOs Bone Void Filler. This synthetic material is similar to an individual’s cancellous bone and is used to ﬁll these bone voids or defects. It can be soaked in an individual’s own bone marrow to localize biologic components necessary for bone growth to aid in healing, and it is completely replaced by natural bone during the healing process. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT We have extensive research and development activities to introduce new surgical techniques, materials, orthobiologics and product designs. The research and development functions work closely with our strategic brand marketing function. The rapid commercialization of innovative new materials, orthobiologics products, implant and instrument designs, and surgical techniques remains one of our core strategies and continues to be an important driver of sales growth. Among the numerous new product launches, we released the industry’s ﬁrst Gender Solutions Knee Femoral, the Trabecular Metal Primary Hip Prosthesis, the Trabecular Metal Acetabular Revision System, the Durom Acetabular Cup with Metasul Large Diameter Heads, the VerSys Epoch˛ Composite Hip Stem, the Trilogy AB Ceramic-on-Ceramic Acetabular System, the Zimmer Reverse and Inverse Anatomical Shoulder Systems, the MIS Femoral Nailing Solution, the NCB Plating System, the Trinica Anterior Lumbar Plate System, the Dynesys Dynamic Stabilization System with hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated screws, Trabecular Metal Thoracolumbar Components and the CopiOs Bone Void Filler Sponge. Other new product, surgical technique and instrument introductions in the orthopaedic reconstructive implants, spine implants, trauma, orthopaedic surgical products and orthobiologics product categories are more fully described above under the captions ‘‘PRODUCTS’’ and ‘‘ORTHOBIOLOGICS’’. These and other new products introduced in the last three years accounted for approximately 24 percent of 2006 total sales, exceeding our new products sales goal of 15 to 20 percent of total sales on an annual basis. We are broadening our product offerings in each of the product categories and exploring new technologies that have applications in multiple areas. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, we spent $188.3 million, $175.5 million and $166.7 million, respectively, on research and development. The increased research and development expenditures have accelerated the output of new orthopaedic and dental reconstructive implants, spine and trauma products, including advanced new materials, product designs and surgical techniques. Our primary research and development facility is located in Warsaw, Indiana. In 2006, we made signiﬁcant progress on our research and development facility expansion project in Warsaw and construction is nearly complete. We have other research and development personnel based in, among other places, Winterthur, Switzerland; Austin, Texas; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Carlsbad, California; Dover, Ohio; and Parsippany, New Jersey. As of December 31, 2006, we employed more than 550 research and development employees worldwide. We will continue to identify innovative technologies and consider acquiring complementary products or businesses, or establishing technology licensing arrangements or strategic alliances. GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND QUALITY SYSTEMS We are subject to government regulation in the countries in which we conduct business. It is our policy to comply with all regulatory requirements governing our operations and products, and we believe that the research, development, manufacturing and quality control procedures that we employ are in material compliance with all applicable regulations. In the United States, numerous regulations govern the development, testing, manufacturing, marketing and distribution of medical devices, including, among others, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and regulations issued or promulgated thereunder. The FDA regulates product safety and efﬁcacy, laboratory, clinical and manufacturing practices, labeling and record keeping for medical devices and post market surveillance to identify potential problems with marketed medical devices. A few of the devices we develop and market are in a category for which the FDA has implemented stringent clinical investigation and pre-market approval requirements. All of our products marketed in the United States have been cleared or approved by the FDA. The FDA has the authority to: halt the distribution of certain medical devices; detain or seize adulterated or misbranded medical devices; or order the repair, replacement or refund of the costs of such devices. There are also certain requirements of state, local and foreign governments that we must comply with in the manufacture and marketing of our products. In many of the foreign countries in which we market our products, we are subject to local regulations affecting, among other things, design and product standards, packaging requirements and labeling requirements. Many of the regulations applicable to our devices and products in these countries are similar to those of the FDA. The member countries of the European Union have adopted the European Medical Device Directive, which creates a single set of medical device regulations for products marketed in all member countries. These regulations require companies that wish to manufacture and distribute medical devices in European Union member countries to provide CE marking of their products. We maintain an ISO certiﬁed quality system and comply with the requirements of the Medical Device Directive which, together, enable us to apply the CE mark to 11 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T products in those jurisdictions that require it (Europe, Canada, Australia and New Zealand). We are subject to various government regulations pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including anti- kickback laws and physician self-referral laws. Violations of these laws are punishable by criminal and/or civil sanctions, including, in some instances, ﬁnes, imprisonment and, within the United States, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs, including Medicare, Medicaid, Veterans Administration (VA) health programs and Civilian Health and Medical Program Uniformed Service (CHAMPUS). The scope and enforcement of these laws and regulations are uncertain and subject to rapid change. We believe that our operations are in material compliance with these laws. We are committed to providing high quality products to our customers and we have implemented modern quality systems and concepts throughout the organization. The quality assurance department supervises our quality systems. Senior management is actively involved in setting quality policies and managing internal and external quality performance. Our regulatory affairs and compliance department is responsible for assuring compliance with all applicable regulations, standards and internal policies. We have initiated numerous quality improvement programs and all of our manufacturing operations are certiﬁed to ISO 13485:2003 global standard for quality management systems. Our facilities and operations are also subject to various government environmental and occupational health and safety requirements of the United States and foreign countries, including those relating to discharges of substances in the air, water and land, the handling, storage and disposal of wastes and the cleanup of properties by pollutants. We believe we are currently in material compliance with such requirements. competitors. Today most hip implants sold in Europe are products developed speciﬁcally for Europe, although global products are gaining acceptance. Therefore, we will continue to develop and produce specially tailored products to meet speciﬁc European needs. In the Asia Paciﬁc market for reconstructive implant and trauma products, we compete primarily with DePuy Orthopaedics, Inc., Stryker Corporation, Synthes, Inc. and Smith & Nephew plc, as well as regional companies, including Japan Medical Materials Corporation and Japan Medical Dynamic Marketing, Inc. Factors, such as the dealer system, complex regulatory environments and the accompanying inability to compete on price, make it difﬁcult for smaller companies, particularly those that are non-regional, to compete effectively with the market leaders in the Asia Paciﬁc region. In the dental reconstructive implant category, we compete primarily with Nobel Biocare Holding AG, Straumann Holding AG, and Implant Innovations, Inc. (a subsidiary of Biomet, Inc.). In the spinal implant category, we compete globally primarily with Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Inc. (a subsidiary of Medtronic, Inc.), DePuy Spine (a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson), Synthes, Inc., Stryker Corporation and EBI, L.P., now operating as Biomet Trauma and Biomet Spine (a subsidiary of Biomet, Inc.). Competition within the industry is primarily based on technology, innovation, quality, reputation, customer relationships and service. A key factor in our continuing success in the future will be our ability to develop new products and improve existing products and technologies. Where possible, we will continue to seek patent, trademark and other intellectual property protection concerning the surgical techniques, materials, technologies and products we design and develop. COMPETITION MANUFACTURING AND RAW MATERIALS The orthopaedics industry is highly competitive. In the global markets for reconstructive implants, trauma and orthopaedic surgical products, our major competitors include: DePuy Orthopaedics, Inc. (a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson), Stryker Corporation, Biomet, Inc., Synthes, Inc., Smith & Nephew plc, Wright Medical Group, Inc. and Tornier Inc. In the Americas geographic segment, we and DePuy Orthopaedics, Inc., Stryker Corporation, Biomet, Inc., Smith & Nephew, Inc. (a subsidiary of Smith & Nephew plc), Wright Medical Group, Inc. and Synthes, Inc., account for a large majority of the total reconstructive and trauma implant sales. The European reconstructive implant and trauma product markets are more fragmented than the Americas or the Asia Paciﬁc segments. The variety of philosophies held by European surgeons regarding hip reconstruction, for example, has fostered the existence of many regional European companies, including Mathys AG and Plus Orthopedics Holdings AG, which compete with us in addition to the global We manufacture substantially all of our products at eight locations, including Warsaw, Indiana; Winterthur, Switzerland; Ponce, Puerto Rico; Dover, Ohio; Statesville, North Carolina; Carlsbad, California; Parsippany, New Jersey; and Etupes, France. As part of the execution of the Centerpulse integration plan, we liquidated our Austin, Texas facility in 2006. Over the past two years, we have expanded our other manufacturing sites to accommodate increased demand, the transfer of production from the Austin, Texas facility and the tripling of Trabecular Metal Technology production capacity. We believe that our manufacturing facilities set industry standards in terms of automation and have the ﬂexibility to accommodate future growth. The manufacturing operations at these facilities are designed to incorporate the cellular concept for production and to implement tenets of a manufacturing philosophy focused on continuous operational improvement. In addition, at certain of our manufacturing facilities, many of the employees are cross-trained. We generally operate our manufacturing facilities at a targeted goal of approximately 90 percent of total capacity. 12 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovation and licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our competitive position. We protect our proprietary rights through a variety of methods, including conﬁdentiality agreements and proprietary information agreements with vendors, employees, consultants and others who may have access to proprietary information. We own or control through licensing arrangements more than 4,000 issued patents and patent applications throughout the world that relate to aspects of the technology incorporated in many of our products. EMPLOYEES We employ more than 6,900 employees worldwide, including more than 550 employees dedicated to research and development. Nearly 4,200 employees are located within the United States and more than 2,700 employees are located outside of the United States, primarily throughout Europe and in Japan. We have over 2,200 employees dedicated to manufacturing our products worldwide. The Warsaw, Indiana production facility employs more than 1,000 employees. Fewer than 200 North American employees are members of a trade union covered by a collective bargaining agreement. In May 2003, we renewed a collective bargaining agreement with the United Steelworkers of America covering employees at the Dover, Ohio, facility. This agreement will continue in effect until May 15, 2007. We are in preliminary negotiations with the union regarding the new agreement. We continually evaluate the potential to in-source products currently purchased from outside vendors to on-site production. Improving manufacturing productivity has been a major contributor to improvement in proﬁtability. Major areas of improvement have included utilization of computer-assisted robots and multi-axis grinders to precision polish medical devices, automation of certain manufacturing and inspection processes including on-machine inspection and process controls, state-of-the-art equipment purchases and upgrades, in-sourcing of core products, such as castings and forgings, high-speed machining, and negotiated reductions in third party supplier costs. We use a diverse and broad range of raw materials in the design, development and manufacturing of our products. We purchase all of our raw materials and select components used in manufacturing our products from external suppliers. In addition, we purchase some supplies from single sources for reasons of quality assurance, sole source availability, cost effectiveness or constraints resulting from regulatory requirements. We work closely with our suppliers to assure continuity of supply while maintaining high quality and reliability. Although a change in suppliers could require signiﬁcant effort or investment by us in circumstances where the items supplied are integral to the performance of our products or incorporate unique technology, we do not believe that the loss of any existing supply contract would have a material adverse effect on our ﬁnancial and operational performance. To date, we have not experienced any signiﬁcant difﬁculty in locating and obtaining the materials necessary to fulﬁll our production schedules. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Patents and other proprietary rights are important to the continued success of our business. We also rely upon trade EXECUTIVE OFFICERS The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our executive ofﬁcers as of January 31, 2007. Name J. Raymond Elliott Cheryl R. Blanchard, Ph.D. Sheryl L. Conley James T. Crines David C. Dvorak Jon E. Kramer Sam R. Leno Bruno A. Melzi Stephen H.L. Ooi Chad F. Phipps Age 57 42 46 47 43 60 61 59 53 35 Position Chairman, President and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer Senior Vice President, Research and Development and Chief Scientiﬁc Ofﬁcer Group President, Americas and Global Marketing and Chief Marketing Ofﬁcer Senior Vice President, Finance, Operations and Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Ofﬁcer Group President, Global Businesses and Chief Legal Ofﬁcer President, U.S. Sales Executive Vice President, Finance and Corporate Services and Chief Financial Ofﬁcer Chairman, Europe, Middle East and Africa President, Asia Paciﬁc Associate General Counsel and Corporate Secretary Mr. Elliott was appointed Chairman of Zimmer Holdings on August 6, 2001 and President and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer of Zimmer Holdings on March 20, 2001. Mr. Elliott was appointed President of Zimmer, Inc., a predecessor, in November 1997. Mr. Elliott has more than 35 years of experience in orthopaedics, medical devices and consumer products. He has served as a director on more than 20 business-related boards in the U.S., Canada, Japan and 13 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Europe and has served on ﬁve occasions as Chairman. He has served as a member of the board of directors and chair of the orthopaedic sector of the Advanced Medical Technology Association (AdvaMed) and is currently a director of the State of Indiana Workplace Development Board, the Indiana Chamber of Commerce and the American Swiss Foundation. Mr. Elliott has served as the Indiana representative on the President’s State Scholars Program and as a trustee of the Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF). During the fourth quarter of 2006, Mr. Elliott announced that he plans to retire as President and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer of Zimmer Holdings during the ﬁrst half of 2007, assuming that a successor CEO has been named. He will remain Chairman through at least November 2007. Dr. Blanchard was appointed Senior Vice President, Global Clinical Affairs, Global Regulatory Affairs, Research and Development and Chief Scientiﬁc Ofﬁcer of Zimmer Holdings in December 2005. She is responsible for Global Research, Global Development, Global Quality, Orthobiologics, External Research and Emerging Technologies. From October 2003 to December 2005, Dr. Blanchard served as Vice President, Corporate Research and Clinical Affairs; from August 2002 to October 2003, she served as Vice President, Research and Biologics; and from October 2000 to August 2002, she served as Director, Research. Prior to joining us in October 2000, Dr. Blanchard served in Manager, Professor and Fellow roles at the Southwest Research Institute, the University of Texas Health Science Center and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, respectively. Ms. Conley was appointed Group President, Americas and Global Marketing and Chief Marketing Officer of Zimmer Holdings in December 2005. She is responsible for all Global Marketing and all Western Hemisphere operations, including our business in the United States, Canada and Latin America. She is our first Chief Marketing Officer. From October 2003 to December 2005, Ms. Conley served as President, Global Products Group. From September 2002 to October 2003, Ms. Conley served as President, Zimmer Reconstructive and from May 2000 to September 2002, she served as Vice President, Global Brand Management and Commercialization, where she was responsible for Zimmer’s worldwide branding, marketing and new product development efforts. Ms. Conley was General Manager, Zimmer Canada, from 1998 to 2000. Ms. Conley joined Zimmer, Inc. in 1983 and has held various management positions in marketing, operations and clinical research. Mr. Crines was appointed Senior Vice President, Finance, Operations and Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Ofﬁcer of Zimmer Holdings in December 2005. He is responsible for internal and external ﬁnancial reporting, corporate and business unit accounting, and operations and logistics. From October 2003 to December 2005, Mr. Crines served as Senior Vice President, Finance/Controller and Information Technology. From July 2001 to October 2003, Mr. Crines served as Vice President, Finance/Controller and from September 2000 to July 2001, he served as Vice President, Finance and Information Technology. Mr. Crines 14 served Zimmer, Inc. as Director of Finance and Logistics, Japan from May 1999 until September 2000. Mr. Crines served as Associate Director, Accounting at Bristol-Myers Squibb, Zimmer’s former parent, from September 1995 until he joined Zimmer, Inc. in 1997 as Director of Finance. Mr. Crines has over 20 years of experience in corporate and operations ﬁnance and accounting, including ﬁve years as an auditor. Mr. Dvorak was appointed Group President, Global Businesses and Chief Legal Ofﬁcer of Zimmer Holdings in December 2005. He is responsible for the existing Dental, Spine, Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgical Products global divisions. Additionally, Mr. Dvorak is the Chief Legal Ofﬁcer, with responsibility for the Global Legal, Intellectual Property, Litigation and Risk Groups. From October 2003 to December 2005, Mr. Dvorak served as Executive Vice President, Corporate Services, Chief Counsel and Secretary, as well as Chief Compliance Ofﬁcer. From December 2001 to October 2003, Mr. Dvorak served as Senior Vice President, Corporate Affairs and General Counsel. He served as Corporate Secretary from February 2003 to December 2005. Prior to his appointment with us, Mr. Dvorak served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary and was a member of the Executive Committee of STERIS Corporation. Prior to joining STERIS in June 1996, Mr. Dvorak practiced corporate law at two large Cleveland, Ohio law ﬁrms, focusing on mergers and acquisitions and on securities law. Mr. Kramer was appointed President, U.S. Sales of Zimmer Holdings in December 2005. He is responsible for our sales activities throughout the United States. From August 2004 to December 2005, Mr. Kramer served as President, Americas. From October 2003 to August 2004, Mr. Kramer served as Vice President, U.S. Sales, and from 2001 to October 2003, he was our Area Vice President for the Southeast region of the United States. Prior to joining us, Mr. Kramer served as Vice President of Sales for Implex Corp. We acquired Implex on April 23, 2004, and the company formerly known as Implex is now our wholly-owned subsidiary. Mr. Kramer has over 20 years of sales experience in the orthopaedics industry. Mr. Leno was appointed Executive Vice President, Finance and Corporate Services and Chief Financial Ofﬁcer of Zimmer Holdings in December 2005. He has overall responsibility for Finance and Operations, as well as Global Human Resources, Business Development and Strategic Planning, and Global Information Technology. From October 2003 to December 2005, Mr. Leno served as Executive Vice President, Corporate Finance and Operations, and Chief Financial Ofﬁcer. From July 2001 to October 2003, Mr. Leno served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Ofﬁcer. Prior to joining us, Mr. Leno served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Ofﬁcer of Arrow Electronics, Inc., a global distributor of electronic components, a position he held from March 1999 until he joined Zimmer. Between 1971 and March 1999, Mr. Leno held various chief ﬁnancial ofﬁcer Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T and other ﬁnancial positions with several U.S. based companies and he previously served as a U.S. Naval Ofﬁcer. Mr. Melzi was appointed Chairman, Europe, Middle East and Africa of Zimmer Holdings in October 2003. He is responsible for overall operations in the European, Middle Eastern and African regions. From March 2000 to October 2003, Mr. Melzi served as President, Europe/MEA; from October 1997 to March 2000, he served as Vice President and Managing Director of Italy, Germany and Switzerland; and from 1990 to October 1997, he served as Managing Director, Italy. Mr. Melzi has approximately 30 years of experience in the orthopaedics and medical products industry, including serving as General Manager and member of the Board of Directors of Johnson & Johnson Italy from 1983 to 1990. Mr. Ooi was appointed President, Asia Paciﬁc of Zimmer Holdings in December 2005. He is responsible for overall operations in the Asia Paciﬁc region, including responsibility for Japan. Following our acquisition of Centerpulse, Mr. Ooi served as President, Australasia from September 2003 to December 2005, where he was responsible for operations in Asia Paciﬁc, excluding Japan. From September 2002 to September 2003, Mr. Ooi served as President, Asia Paciﬁc region, and from January 1992 to September 2002, Mr. Ooi served as Vice President, Asia. Mr. Ooi joined us in March 1986 as Regional Manager and was promoted to General Manager, Asia in February 1987. Mr. Phipps was appointed Associate General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Zimmer Holdings in December 2005. In addition to his role as Secretary to the Board of Directors, he has responsibility for Zimmer’s Global legal affairs, including general corporate and securities law matters. From September 2003 to December 2005, Mr. Phipps served as Associate Counsel and Assistant Secretary. Prior to joining us, Mr. Phipps served as Vice President and General Counsel of L&N Sales and Marketing, Inc. in Pennsylvania, and prior to joining L&N Sales and Marketing in 2002, Mr. Phipps practiced corporate law with the ﬁrm of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, focusing on corporate and securities law, mergers and acquisitions, and ﬁnancial transactions. AVAILABLE INFORMATION Our Internet website address is www.zimmer.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available or may be accessed free of charge through the Investor Relations section of our Internet website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Our Internet website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not intended to be incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following corporate governance and related documents, among others, are available through our website or may be obtained in print form, without charge, by request to our Investor Relations Department: Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct, Code of Ethics for Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers, Audit Committee Charter, Compensation and Management Development Committee Charter, Corporate Governance Committee Charter, and Science and Technology Committee Charter. We intend to post on our Internet website any substantive amendment to, or waiver from, our Code of Ethics for Chief Executive Ofﬁcer and Senior Financial Ofﬁcers or a provision of our Code of Business Conduct that applies to any of our directors or executive ofﬁcers. ITEM 1A. Risk Factors Risk factors which could cause actual results to differ from our expectations and which could negatively impact our ﬁnancial condition and results of operations are discussed below and elsewhere in this report. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that are currently not believed to be signiﬁcant to our business may also affect our actual results and could harm our business, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. If any of the risks or uncertainties described below or any additional risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, results of operations and ﬁnancial condition could be materially and adversely affected. RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY Our success depends on our ability to effectively develop and market our products against those of our competitors. We operate in a highly competitive environment. Our present or future products could be rendered obsolete or uneconomical by technological advances by one or more of our present or future competitors or by other therapies, including orthobiological therapies. To remain competitive, we must continue to develop and acquire new products and technologies. In the global markets for reconstructive orthopaedic implants, trauma products and other orthopaedic products, a limited number of competitors, including DePuy Orthopaedics, Inc. (a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson), Stryker Corporation, Biomet, Inc., Wright Medical Group, Inc., Synthes, Inc. and Smith & Nephew plc, compete with us for the majority of product sales. In the spinal implant category, we compete globally primarily with Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Inc. (a subsidiary of Medtronic, Inc.), DePuy Spine (a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson), Synthes, Inc., Stryker Corporation and EBI, L.P. (a subsidiary of Biomet, Inc.). In the dental reconstructive implant category, we compete primarily with Nobel Biocare Holding AG, Straumann Holding AG, and Implant Innovations, Inc. (a subsidiary of Biomet, Inc.). Competition is primarily on the basis of: ) technology; ) innovation; ) quality; 15 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . ) reputation; ) relationships with customers; and ) service. In markets outside of the United States, other factors inﬂuence competition as well, including: ) local distribution systems; ) complex regulatory environments; and ) differing medical philosophies and product preferences. Our competitors may: ) have greater financial, marketing and other resources than us; ) respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies; ) undertake more extensive marketing campaigns; ) adopt more aggressive pricing policies; or ) be more successful in attracting potential customers, employees and strategic partners. Any of these factors, alone or in combination, could cause us to have difﬁculty maintaining or increasing sales of our products. If third-party payors decline to reimburse our customers for our products or reduce reimbursement levels, the demand for our products may decline and our ability to sell our products profitably may be harmed. We sell our products and services to hospitals, doctors, dentists and other health care providers, all of which receive reimbursement for the health care services provided to their patients from third-party payors, such as domestic and international government programs, private insurance plans and managed care programs. These third-party payors may deny reimbursement if they determine that a device used in a procedure was not in accordance with cost-effective treatment methods, as determined by the third-party payor, or was used for an unapproved indication. Third-party payors may also decline to reimburse for experimental procedures and devices. If our products are not considered cost-effective by third-party payors, our customers may not be reimbursed for our products. In addition, third-party payors are increasingly attempting to contain health care costs by limiting both coverage and the level of reimbursement for medical products and services. For example, managed care programs often prescribe only those orthopaedic recovery products that match a patient as to age, need for mobility and other parameters in an effort to provide more cost-effective care. If third-party payors reduce reimbursement levels to hospitals and other health care providers for our products, demand for our products may decline or we may experience pressure to reduce the prices of our products, which could have a material adverse effect on sales, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. In international markets, where the movement toward health care reform and the development of managed care are generally not as advanced as in the United States, we have experienced downward pressure on product pricing and other effects of health care reform. In Japan, for example, a government-operated insurance system reimburses customers for our products. Under this system, the Japanese government periodically reviews and reduces the 16 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T reimbursement levels for products. If the Japanese government continues to reduce the reimbursement level for orthopaedic products, our sales, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected. We are subject to cost-containment efforts of healthcare purchasing organizations, which may have a material adverse effect on our ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. Many customers for our products have formed group purchasing organizations in an effort to contain costs. Group purchasing organizations negotiate pricing arrangements with medical supply manufacturers and distributors, and these negotiated prices are made available to a group purchasing organization’s afﬁliated hospitals and other members. If we are not one of the providers selected by a group purchasing organization, afﬁliated hospitals and other members may be less likely to purchase our products, and if the group purchasing organization has negotiated a strict compliance contract for another manufacturer’s products, we may be precluded from making sales to members of the group purchasing organization for the duration of the contractual arrangement. Our failure to respond to the cost-containment efforts of group purchasing organizations may cause us to lose market share to our competitors and could have a material adverse effect on our sales, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. We are involved in ongoing investigations by the United States Department of Justice of companies in the orthopaedics industry, the results of which may have a material adverse effect on our sales, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. In March 2005, we received a subpoena and we have received supplemental requests since that time from the United States Department of Justice through the United States Attorney’s Ofﬁce in Newark, New Jersey, requesting documents and related information for the period beginning January 1998 related to consulting contracts, professional service agreements and other agreements by which we may provide remuneration to orthopaedic surgeons, including research and other grant agreements. In June 2006, we received a subpoena from the United States Department of Justice, Antitrust Division, requesting documents for the period beginning January 2001 through June 2006, pertaining to an investigation of possible violations of federal criminal law, including possible violations of the antitrust laws, involving the manufacture and sale of orthopaedic implant devices. We are cooperating fully with federal authorities with regard to these investigations, which we understand involve a number of other orthopaedic manufacturers as well. If, as a result of these investigations, we are found to have violated one or more applicable laws, our business, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. If some of our existing business practices are challenged as unlawful, we may have to change those practices, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T We and our customers are subject to various governmental regulations and we may incur signiﬁcant expenses to comply with these regulations and develop products compatible with these regulations. The medical devices we design, develop, manufacture and market are subject to rigorous regulation by the FDA and numerous other Federal, state and foreign governmental authorities. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals to market a medical device, particularly from the FDA and certain foreign governmental authorities, can be costly and time consuming and approvals might not be granted for future products on a timely basis, if at all. Delays in receipt of, or failure to obtain, approvals for future products could result in delayed realization of product revenues or in substantial additional costs which could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations. In addition, if we fail to comply with applicable FDA medical device or other material regulatory requirements, including, for example, the Quality System Regulation, recordkeeping regulations, labeling requirements and adverse event reporting regulations, that failure could result in, among other things: ) warning letters; ) ﬁnes or civil penalties; ) injunctions; ) repairs, replacements or refunds; ) recalls or seizures of products; ) total or partial suspension of production; ) the FDA’s refusal to grant future premarket clearances or approvals; ) withdrawals or suspensions of current product applications; and ) criminal prosecution. Any of these actions, in combination or alone, could have a material adverse effect on our business, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. In many of the foreign countries in which we market our products, we are subject to regulations affecting, among other things: ) clinical efﬁcacy; ) product standards; ) packaging requirements; ) labeling requirements; ) import/export restrictions; ) tariff regulations; ) duties; and ) tax requirements. Many of the regulations applicable to our devices and products in these countries, such as the European Medical Devices Directive, are similar to those of the FDA. In addition, in many countries the national health or social security organizations require our products to be qualiﬁed before they can be marketed with the beneﬁt of reimbursement eligibility. Failure to receive or delays in the receipt of, relevant foreign qualiﬁcations also could have a material adverse effect on our business, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. As both the FDA and foreign government regulators have become increasingly stringent, we may be subject to more rigorous regulation by governmental authorities in the future. Our products and operations are also often subject to the rules of industrial standards bodies, such as the International Standards Organization. If we fail to adequately address any of these regulations, our business will be harmed. We are subject to health care fraud and abuse regulations that could require us to change our business practices and restrict our operations in the future. Our industry is subject to various Federal and state laws pertaining to health care fraud and abuse, including anti- kickback laws and physician self-referral laws. Violations of these laws are punishable by criminal and/or civil sanctions, including, in some instances, ﬁnes, imprisonment and, within the United States, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs, including Medicare, Medicaid, Veterans Administration (VA) health programs and Civilian Health and Medical Program Uniformed Service (CHAMPUS). The scope and enforcement of these laws and regulations are uncertain and subject to rapid change. Because of the far-reaching and uncertain nature of these laws, we are required to monitor our practices to remain in compliance with these laws. If we were to violate one or more of these laws, our business, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. If there is a change in law, regulation or administrative or judicial interpretations, some of our existing business practices could be challenged as unlawful and, as a result, we may have to change those practices, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. We may incur product liability losses, and insurance coverage may be inadequate or unavailable to cover these losses. Our business is subject to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the design, development, manufacture and marketing of medical devices. Our products are often used in surgical and intensive care settings. In addition, some of the medical devices we manufacture and sell are designed to be implanted in the human body for long periods of time. In the ordinary course of business, we are the subject of product liability lawsuits alleging that component failures, manufacturing ﬂaws, design defects or inadequate disclosure of product-related risks or product-related information resulted in an unsafe condition or injury to patients. Product liability lawsuits and claims, safety alerts or product recalls, regardless of their ultimate outcome, could have a material adverse effect on our business and reputation and on our ability to attract and retain customers. As part of our risk management policy, we maintain third-party product liability insurance coverage. However, product liability claims against us may exceed the coverage limits of our insurance policies or cause us to record a self- insured loss. Even if any product liability loss is covered by an insurance policy, these policies may have substantial retentions or deductibles that provide that we will not receive insurance proceeds until the losses incurred exceed 17 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T the amount of those retentions or deductibles. We will be responsible for paying any losses that are below those retentions or deductibles. A product liability claim in excess of applicable insurance could have a material adverse effect on our business, ﬁnancial position and results of operations. RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS If we fail to effectively utilize the skills and knowledge of orthopaedic surgeons, customers may not buy our products and our revenue and profitability may decline. We maintain professional relationships with a number of orthopaedic surgeons who assist in product research and development and advise us on how to satisfy the full range of surgeon and patient needs. These professionals speak about our products at medical seminars, assist in the training of other professionals in the use of our products and provide us with feedback on the industry’s acceptance of our new products. The failure of our products to retain the support of orthopaedic surgeons, who frequently recommend products or are involved in product selection decisions, or the failure of our new products to secure and retain similar support from surgeons, could have a material adverse effect on our business, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. If we fail to retain the independent agents and distributors upon whom we rely heavily to market our products, customers may not buy our products and our revenue and proﬁtability may decline. Our marketing success in the United States and abroad depends largely upon our agents’ and distributors’ sales and service expertise in the marketplace. Many of these agents have developed professional relationships with existing and potential customers because of their detailed knowledge of products and instruments. Many commonly provide operating room personnel with implant and instrument product training as well as product support in the operating room. A loss of a signiﬁcant number of these agents could have a material adverse effect on our business, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. If some of the business practices of our independent sales agents and distributors are challenged as unlawful, they may have to change these practices, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. If we do not introduce new products in a timely manner, our products may become obsolete over time, customers may not buy our products and our revenue and proﬁtability may decline. Demand for our products may change, in certain cases, in ways we may not anticipate because of: ) evolving customer needs; ) changing demographics; ) slowing industry growth rates; ) declines in the reconstructive implant market; ) the introduction of new products and technologies; ) evolving surgical philosophies; and ) evolving industry standards. 18 Without the timely introduction of new products and enhancements, our products may become obsolete over time. If that happens, our revenue and operating results would suffer. The success of our new product offerings will depend on several factors, including our ability to: ) properly identify and anticipate customer needs; ) commercialize new products in a timely manner; ) manufacture and deliver instruments and products in sufﬁcient volumes on time; ) differentiate our offerings from competitors’ offerings; ) achieve positive clinical outcomes for new products; ) satisfy the increased demands by healthcare payors, providers and patients for shorter hospital stays, faster post-operative recovery and lower-cost procedures; ) innovate and develop new materials, product designs and surgical techniques; and ) provide adequate medical education relating to new products and attract key surgeons to advocate these new products. In addition, new materials, product designs and surgical techniques that we develop may not be accepted quickly, in some or all markets, because of, among other factors: ) entrenched patterns of clinical practice; ) the need for regulatory clearance; and ) uncertainty with respect to third-party reimbursement. Moreover, innovations generally require a substantial investment in research and development before we can determine their commercial viability and we may not have the ﬁnancial resources necessary to fund the production. In addition, even if we are able to successfully develop enhancements or new generations of our products, these enhancements or new generations of products may not produce revenue in excess of the costs of development and they may be quickly rendered obsolete by changing customer preferences or the introduction by our competitors of products embodying new technologies or features. We conduct a signiﬁcant amount of our sales activity outside of the United States, which subjects us to additional business risks and may cause our proﬁtability to decline due to increased costs. Because we sell our products in more than 100 countries, our business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally. In 2006, we derived approximately $1,532.9 million, or 44% of our total revenue, from sales of our products outside of the United States. We intend to continue to pursue growth opportunities in sales internationally, which could expose us to additional risks associated with international sales and operations. Our international operations are, and will continue to be, subject to a number of risks and potential costs, including: ) changes in foreign medical reimbursement policies and programs; ) unexpected changes in foreign regulatory requirements; ) differing local product preferences and product requirements; ) ﬂuctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; ) diminished protection of intellectual property in some countries outside of the United States; Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T ) trade protection measures and import or export licensing requirements; ) difﬁculty in stafﬁng and managing foreign operations; ) labor force instability; ) differing labor regulations; ) potentially negative consequences from changes in tax laws; and ) political and economic instability. Any of these factors may, individually or as a group, have a material adverse effect on our business, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. We are subject to risks arising from currency exchange rate ﬂuctuations, which can increase our costs and may cause our proﬁtability to decline. A substantial portion of our foreign generated revenues are generated in Europe and Japan. The United States dollar value of our foreign-generated revenues varies with currency exchange rate fluctuations. Significant increases in the value of the United States dollar relative to the Euro or the Japanese Yen, as well as other currencies, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We address currency risk management through regular operating and financing activities, and on a limited basis, through the use of derivative financial instruments. The derivative financial instruments we enter into are in the form of foreign exchange forward contracts with major financial institutions. The forward contracts are designed to hedge anticipated foreign currency transactions, primarily intercompany sale and purchase transactions, for periods consistent with commitments. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on these contracts that qualify as cash flow hedges are temporarily recorded in other comprehensive income, then recognized in earnings when the hedged item affects net earnings. We may fail to adequately protect our proprietary technology and other intellectual property, which would allow competitors or others to take advantage of our research and development efforts. Our long-term success largely depends on our ability to market technologically competitive products. If we fail to obtain or maintain adequate intellectual property protection, we may not be able to prevent third parties from using our proprietary technologies. Also, our currently pending or future patent applications may not result in issued patents. In the United States, patent applications are conﬁdential for 18 months following their ﬁling, and because third parties may have ﬁled patent applications for technology covered by our pending patent applications without our being aware of those applications, our patent applications may not have priority over patent applications of others. In addition, our issued patents may not contain claims sufﬁciently broad to protect us against third parties with similar technologies or products, or provide us with any competitive advantage. If a third party initiates litigation regarding our patents, our collaborators’ patents, or those patents for which we have license rights, and is successful, a court could declare our patents invalid or unenforceable or limit the scope of coverage of those patents. The United States Patent and Trademark Ofﬁce (USPTO) and the courts have not consistently treated the breadth of claims allowed or interpreted in orthopaedic reconstructive implant and biotechnology patents. If the USPTO or the courts begin to allow or interpret claims more broadly, the incidence and cost of patent interference proceedings and the risk of infringement litigation will likely increase. On the other hand, if the USPTO or the courts begin to allow or interpret claims more narrowly, the value of our proprietary rights may be reduced. Any changes in, or unexpected interpretations of, the patent laws may adversely affect our ability to enforce our patent position. In addition, intellectual property rights may be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries, which could make it easier for competitors to capture market position. Competitors may also capture market share from us by designing products that mirror the capabilities of our products or technology without infringing our intellectual property rights. If we do not obtain sufﬁcient international protection for our intellectual property, our competitiveness in international markets could be impaired, which would limit our growth and future revenue. We also rely upon trade secrets, proprietary know-how, and continuing technological innovation to remain competitive. We attempt to protect this information with security measures, including the use of conﬁdentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, and corporate collaborators. These individuals may breach these agreements and any remedies available to us may be insufﬁcient to compensate our damages. Furthermore, our trade secrets, know-how and other technology may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by our competitors. We may be subject to intellectual property litigation and infringement claims, which could cause us to incur signiﬁcant expenses or prevent us from selling our products. A successful claim of patent or other intellectual property infringement against us could adversely affect our growth and profitability, in some cases materially. From time to time, we receive notices from third parties of potential infringement and receive claims of potential infringement. We may be unaware of intellectual property rights of others that may cover some of our technology. If someone claims that our products infringed their intellectual property rights, any resulting litigation could be costly and time consuming and would divert the attention of management and key personnel from other business issues. The complexity of the technology involved and the uncertainty of intellectual property litigation increase these risks. Claims of intellectual property infringement also might require us to enter into costly royalty or license agreements. However, we may be unable to obtain royalty or license agreements on terms acceptable to us or at all. We also may be subject to significant damages or an injunction preventing us from manufacturing, selling or using some of our products in the event of a successful claim of patent or other intellectual property infringement. Any of these adverse consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 19 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T We may complete additional acquisitions, which could increase our costs or liabilities or be disruptive. We intend to continue to look for additional strategic acquisitions. We may not be able to complete additional acquisitions or to integrate successfully any acquired businesses without substantial expense, delay or other operational or ﬁnancial problems. Acquiring and integrating new businesses involves risk, including the following: ) we may need to divert more management resources to integration than we planned, which may adversely affect our ability to pursue other more proﬁtable activities; ) the difﬁculties of integration may be increased if we need to integrate geographically separated organizations, personnel with disparate business backgrounds and companies with different corporate cultures; ) we may not eliminate as many redundant costs as we anticipated in selecting our acquisition candidates; and ) one or more of our acquisition candidates also may have liabilities or adverse operating issues that we failed to discover through our diligence prior to the acquisition. If we are unable to form strategic alliances, or if our strategic alliances fail to achieve their objectives, our operating results will be negatively impacted. Several of our strategic initiatives involve alliances with other orthopaedic and biotechnology companies. These include our agreement with Revivicor, Inc. relating to orthopaedic tissue technology, our collaboration with ISTO Technologies, Inc. relating to regenerative cartilage technology and our distribution agreement with Heraeus relating to orthopaedic bone cement products. The success of these and similar arrangements is largely dependent on technology and other intellectual property contributed by our strategic partners or the resources, efforts, and skills of these partners. Disputes and difﬁculties in such relationships are common, often due to conﬂicting priorities or conﬂicts of interest. Merger and acquisition activity may exacerbate these conﬂicts. The beneﬁts of these alliances are reduced or eliminated when strategic partners: ) terminate the agreements or limit our access to the underlying intellectual property; ) fail to devote ﬁnancial or other resources to the alliances and thereby hinder or delay development, manufacturing or commercialization activities; ) fail to successfully develop, manufacture or commercialize any products; or ) fail to maintain the ﬁnancial resources necessary to continue ﬁnancing their portion of the development, manufacturing, or commercialization costs or their own operations. Furthermore, under some of our strategic alliances, we may make milestone payments well in advance of commercialization of products with no assurance that we will ever recoup these payments. We also may make equity investments in our strategic partners. These investments may decline in value and result in our incurring ﬁnancial statement charges in the future. If we are unable to timely complete our search for transition to new leadership, our business could be adversely affected. In November 2006, J. Raymond Elliott, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer, informed our Board of Directors that he plans to retire from his positions as President and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer in the ﬁrst half of 2007, assuming a successor CEO has been named. He will remain as Chairman through at least November 2007. Our Board of Directors, with the assistance of Spencer Stuart, a global executive recruiting ﬁrm, has begun a search for a successor, which includes both internal and external candidates. We cannot assure you when we will ﬁnd a suitable candidate for this position and what effect, if any, a new CEO may have on our business and our ability to retain our senior executives and other key scientiﬁc, technical, sales, marketing and other personnel. The loss of the services of such senior executives or key personnel or any general instability in the composition of our senior management team could have a negative impact on our ability to execute our business and operating strategies. Once we hire a new CEO, our success will be dependent upon his or her ability to gain proﬁciency in leading our company; his or her ability to implement or adapt our corporate strategies and initiatives and his or her ability to develop key professional relationships, including relationships with our team members, the independent distributors who market our products, the orthopaedic surgeons who assist and advise us and our key suppliers and other business partners. We depend on a limited number of suppliers for some key raw materials and outsourced activities. We use a number of suppliers for raw materials we need to manufacture our products and to outsource some key manufacturing activities. These suppliers must provide the materials and perform the activities to our standards for us to meet our quality and regulatory requirements. Some key raw materials and outsourced activities can only be obtained from a single source or a limited number of sources. A prolonged disruption or other inability to obtain these materials or activities could materially and adversely affect our ability to satisfy demand for our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations. Our future proﬁtability may be affected by changes to our product category and region sales mix. Reconstructive implants produce the highest operating proﬁt margins among our product categories. These products accounted for approximately 84 percent of 2006 net sales. Sales in our Americas region accounted for approximately 60 percent of 2006 net sales. Sales in the Americas region produce the highest operating proﬁt margins in the geographic markets in which we operate. While we expect net sales of reconstructive implants and net sales in the Americas region to remain strong, changes to our product category mix or our region sales mix could adversely affect our future proﬁtability. ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments a new Chief Executive Ofﬁcer and successfully Not Applicable. 20 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . ITEM 2. Properties We have the following properties: 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Location Warsaw, Indiana Warsaw, Indiana Warsaw, Indiana Carlsbad, California Minneapolis, Minnesota Statesville, North Carolina Dover, Ohio Wooster, Ohio Cedar Knolls, New Jersey Parsippany, New Jersey Memphis, Tennessee Austin, Texas Sydney, Australia M ¨odling, Austria Wemmel, Belgium Mississauga, Canada Shanghai, China Etupes, France Freiburg, Germany Kiel, Germany Milan, Italy Gotemba, Japan Tokyo, Japan Seoul, Korea Utrecht, Netherlands Ponce, Puerto Rico Singapore Barcelona, Spain Baar, Switzerland Winterthur, Switzerland M ¨unsingen, Switzerland Swindon, United Kingdom Use Owned/Leased Square Feet Research & Development, Manufacturing, Warehousing, Marketing & Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owned Corporate Headquarters and The Zimmer Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owned Leased Ofﬁces, Manufacturing & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ofﬁces, Research & Development, Manufacturing & The Zimmer Dental Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces & Research & Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owned Manufacturing & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owned Research & Development, Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owned Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Manufacturing & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Research & Development, Manufacturing & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Research & Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owned Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces, Manufacturing & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owned Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces, Service Center & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owned Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces, Manufacturing & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owned Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces, Research & Development & Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owned Ofﬁces & Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased 1,232,000 117,000 117,000 118,000 42,000 156,000 140,000 61,000 23,000 115,000 30,000 25,000 36,000 14,000 15,000 52,000 18,000 90,000 51,000 21,000 47,000 87,000 24,000 22,000 16,000 213,000 10,000 16,000 40,000 265,000 76,000 70,000 3,359,000 We believe the current facilities, including manufacturing, warehousing, research and development and ofﬁce space, together with the planned expansions provide sufﬁcient capacity to meet ongoing demands. Once a facility reaches 85 percent utilization, we examine alternatives for either expanding that facility or acquiring new facilities to meet our ongoing demands. In addition to the above, we maintain more than 100 other ofﬁces and warehouse facilities in more than 24 countries around the world, including the United States, Japan, Australia, France, Russia, India, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and China. We believe that all of the facilities and equipment are in good condition, well maintained and able to operate at present levels. ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings Information pertaining to legal proceedings can be found in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included in this report under Item 8. ITEM 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders Not Applicable. 21 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . Part II 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T ITEM 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the SWX Swiss Exchange under the symbol ‘‘ZMH.’’ The high and low sales prices for our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange for the calendar quarters of ﬁscal years 2006 and 2005 are set forth as follows: Quarterly High-low Share Prices Year Ended December 31, 2006: First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Year Ended December 31, 2005: First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter High Low $72.87 $68.80 $69.44 $79.11 $89.10 $83.70 $85.10 $71.60 $64.87 $55.68 $52.20 $66.93 $74.25 $72.71 $67.62 $60.19 We have not declared or paid dividends on our common stock since becoming a public company on August 6, 2001. Currently, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on the common stock in the foreseeable future. Our credit facility also restricts the payment of dividends under certain circumstances. The number of beneﬁcial owners of our common stock on February 13, 2007 was approximately 466,200. On February 13, 2007, the closing price of the common stock, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, was $84.18 per share. The information required by this Item concerning equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference to Item 12 of this report. The following table summarizes repurchases of common stock settled during the three months ended December 31, 2006: October 2006 November 2006 December 2006 Total Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share — — 2,194,300 2,194,300 — — $76.49 $76.49 Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Plans or Programs 9,951,500 9,951,500 12,145,800 12,145,800 365,212,620 365,212,620 $1,197,361,995 $1,197,361,995 (1) In December 2005, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $1 billion of common stock through December 31, 2007. In December 2006, our Board of Directors authorized an additional repurchase of up to $1 billion of common stock through December 31, 2008. Prior to December 2005, we did not have a share repurchase program. 22 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T The ﬁnancial information for each of the past ﬁve years ended December 31, is set forth below (in millions, except per share amounts): Summary of Operations Net sales Net earnings Pro forma net earnings assuming change in accounting principle for instruments is applied retroactively(2) Earnings per common share 2006 2005 2004 $3,495.4 834.5 $3,286.1 732.5 $2,980.9 541.8 2003(1) $1,901.0 346.3 2002 $1,372.4 257.8 834.5 732.5 541.8 291.2 260.8 Basic Diluted $ 3.43 3.40 $ 2.96 2.93 $ 2.22 2.19 Pro forma earnings per common share assuming change in accounting principle for instruments is applied retroactively(2) Basic Diluted Average common shares outstanding Basic Diluted Balance Sheet Data Total assets Short-term debt Long-term debt Other long-term obligations Stockholders’ equity 243.0 245.4 247.1 249.8 244.4 247.8 $5,974.4 – 99.6 323.4 4,920.5 $5,721.9 – 81.6 348.3 4,682.8 $5,695.5 27.5 624.0 420.9 3,942.5 $ $ 1.67 1.64 1.40 1.38 207.7 211.2 $5,156.0 101.3 1,007.8 352.6 3,143.3 $ $ 1.33 1.31 1.34 1.33 194.5 196.8 $ 858.9 156.7 – 91.8 366.3 (1) Includes the results of Centerpulse subsequent to October 2, 2003 and Centerpulse balance sheet data as of December 31, 2003. (2) Pro forma net earnings for the year ended December 31, 2003 are before the cumulative effect of an accounting change of $55.1 million. The year ended December 31, 2002 reﬂects the retroactive application of a new accounting method for instruments. Effective January 1, 2003, we changed the method of accounting for instruments which we own and are used by orthopaedic surgeons during total joint replacement and other surgical procedures. Instruments are recognized as long-lived assets and are included in property, plant and equipment and are depreciated using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives, determined principally in reference to associated product life cycles, primarily ﬁve years. In prior periods, undeployed instruments were carried as a prepaid cost and recognized in selling, general and administrative expense in the year in which the instruments were placed into service. 23 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated ﬁnancial statements and the corresponding notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. This discussion and analysis contains forward- looking statements. OVERVIEW We are a global leader in the design, development, manufacture and marketing of reconstructive orthopaedic implants, including joint and dental, spinal implants, trauma products and related orthopaedic surgical products (sometimes referred to in this report as ‘‘OSP’’). We also provide hospital-focused consulting services to help member institutions design, implement and manage successful orthopaedic programs of distinction, which account for less than one percent of sales. Reconstructive orthopaedic implants restore joint function lost due to disease or trauma in joints such as knees, hips, shoulders and elbows. Dental reconstructive implants restore function and aesthetics in patients that have lost teeth due to trauma or disease. Spinal implants are utilized by orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons in the treatment of degenerative diseases, deformities and trauma in all regions of the spine. Trauma products are devices used primarily to reattach or stabilize damaged bone and tissue to support the body’s natural healing process. OSP include supplies and instruments designed to aid in orthopaedic surgical procedures and post- operation rehabilitation. Through our consulting services, we provide hospitals and other orthopaedic practices resource capabilities in the areas of business development, marketing, in/outpatient rehab practice, clinical pathways, care mapping and space design, community relations, customer service, delivery models, cost accounting, staff utilization and more in order to improve the proﬁt environment. We have operations in more than 24 countries and market products in more than 100 countries. We manage operations through three reportable geographic segments — the Americas, Europe and Asia Paciﬁc. We believe the following developments or trends are important in understanding our ﬁnancial condition, results of operations and cash ﬂows for the year ended December 31, 2006. Demand (Volume and Mix) Trends Increased volume and changes in the mix of product sales contributed 6 percentage points of 2006 sales growth, which is 3 percentage points below the rate of growth from 2005 compared to 2004. A slowdown in procedure growth at acute care institutions in our largest operating segment as well as ﬁrst half competitive losses in hips contributed to the slower growth in product sales. We believe the market for orthopaedic procedure volume on a global basis will continue to rise at mid to high single digit rates driven by an aging global population, obesity, proven clinical beneﬁts, new material technologies, advances in surgical techniques (such as our MIS Procedures and Technologies) and more active 24 lifestyles, among other factors. In addition, the continued shift in demand to premium products, such as Longevity, Durasul and Prolong Highly Crosslinked Polyethylenes, Trabecular Metal Technology products, high-ﬂex knees, knee revision products and porous hip stems, continue to positively affect sales growth. For example, during 2006, sales of products incorporating Trabecular Metal Technology were over $165 million, a year-over-year increase of over 40 percent. We believe the most effective way to address rising health care costs without affecting patient access or treatment options is a systemic approach. This year we acquired HMI which specializes in helping hospitals to improve their business processes. HMI will be part of a new Zimmer business unit speciﬁcally focused on health economic issues. This will include: developing new clinical/economic data; expanding our current Pathways Program; and helping to develop improved ofﬁce management processes and technology. We believe innovative surgical approaches will continue to signiﬁcantly affect the orthopaedics industry. We continued our signiﬁcant progress in the development and introduction of MIS Implants, Procedures and technologies. During the year ended December 31, 2006, The Zimmer Institute and its satellite locations trained nearly 2,000 surgeons on advanced techniques, including over 1,300 surgeons on MIS Procedures. Pricing Trends Selling prices were up modestly during 2006 compared with a 1 percentage point increase during 2005 when compared to 2004. Asia Paciﬁc selling prices decreased 2 percentage points for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to a negligible change in 2005 when compared to 2004. Effective April 1, 2006, the Japanese government reduced reimbursement rates, which contributed to a reduction of our selling prices in Japan by approximately 4 percent during 2006. Japan represents approximately 8 percent of our sales. Effective January 1, 2007, the Japanese government reduced reimbursement rates again. We estimate this action will affect Japan sales negatively by approximately 3.5 percent for 2007. The Americas experienced a 2 percent increase in selling prices during 2006, compared to a 1 percent increase in 2005. In Europe, selling prices for 2006 decreased 1 percent, the same decrease we saw in 2005 as compared to 2004. Within Europe, Germany, which constitutes approximately 6 percent of our sales, experienced a 4 percent decrease in selling prices in 2006, as a result of reductions in government implant reimbursement rates. The United Kingdom, which comprises 3 percent of our sales, reported a similar 4 percent decline in selling prices for the year. The price declines in Germany and the United Kingdom were partially offset by increased selling prices in other European markets. With continuing pressure from governmental healthcare cost containment efforts and group purchasing organizations, we Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T estimate global sales could be adversely affected by 1 to 2 percent in 2007 due to changes in selling prices. Foreign Currency Exchange Rates For 2006, foreign currency exchange rates had a modest negative effect on global sales growth. A weaker U.S. Dollar compared to most foreign currencies in the three month period ended December 31, 2006, compared to the same 2005 period, increased sales by 2 percentage points. If foreign currency exchange rates remain consistent with the year end rates, we estimate that the weaker dollar versus foreign currency exchange rates will have a positive effect in 2007 of approximately 0.8 percent on sales. We address currency risk through regular operating and ﬁnancing activities, and under appropriate circumstances and subject to proper authorization, through the use of forward contracts solely for managing foreign currency volatility and risk. Changes to foreign currency exchange rates affect sales growth, but due to offsetting gains /losses on hedge contracts, which are recorded in cost of products sold, the effect on net earnings in the near term is expected to be minimal. New Product Sales New products, which we deﬁne as products or stock keeping units (‘‘SKU’s’’) introduced within the prior 36-month period to a particular market, accounted for 24 percent, or $828 million, of 2006 sales. Adoption rates for new technologies are a key indicator of performance in our industry. Our sales have grown with the introduction of new products, such as the Gender Solutions Knee, Durom Acetabular System with Metasul Technology, Trabecular Metal Primary Hip Prosthesis, Versys Epoch Composite Hip Stem, Acetabular Revision system, Zimmer NCB Plating System, Anatomical Shoulder Inverse/Reverse Systems and Zimmer Universal Locking Plates. We expect new products in our current pipeline will favorably affect our future operating performance. Products we expect to contribute to new product sales in 2007 include, in addition to those listed above, an MIS Porolock˛ Stem, Durom Hemi Femoral with Metasul Technology, Porolock˛ Titanium Surface Stem with KinectivTM Technology, Natural-Knee II High-Flex Gender, NexGen LPS High-Flex Mobile Bearing Knee, Dynesys Top Loading Dynamic Stabilization and BRIGITTM Bone Resection Instrument Guide. Strategic Initiatives — ENABLE, INNOVATE and GROW Our reﬁned corporate strategies now focus on our ability to ENABLE, to INNOVATE, and to GROW. Each of these corporate strategies has three initiatives linked with it; in total these initiatives will guide our business plan for the foreseeable future. We believe these initiatives will enable us to effectively respond to key trends in the orthopaedics industry while continuing to build upon our strengths. Some of these are further discussed below. We will ENABLE growth by, among other actions, reaching out to new audiences. Historically our focus has been primarily on the surgeon health care provider and the orthopaedic wing of the hospital. More decision makers are now involved. These include consumers with speciﬁc focus on special consumer groups such as women; the obese; ethnic groups; age-speciﬁc groups; governments; general practitioners and nurses; insurance companies and other payors; and professional societies. A Direct-To-Patient campaign we are conducting in the United States to support the Gender Solutions Knee product launch, and the Back in the GrooveTM Community Healthcare Program aimed at providing African American arthritis sufferers increased access to information about knee and hip replacement options, are examples of how we can reach out to these new audiences. We will INNOVATE new and unique solutions for orthopaedic patients. Biologics is the new frontier of orthopaedics with enormous potential to provide new treatment approaches for patients. We already have a strong foundation in this area. For example, through an agreement with Revivicor, Inc. we obtained exclusive worldwide distribution rights for genetically engineered tissues for regenerative therapies, including soft tissue biological repair and replacement. In partnership with ISTO Technologies, we are developing cartilage regeneration and cell-based therapies called Neocartilage Technology. We will GROW through appropriately planned investment. Infrastructure investments are planned to support future growth which include but are not limited to, the substantial investments we are making to our facilities around the world. They also include improvements to our organizational infrastructure, such as vertical integration in- sourcing; expanded quality systems; Information Technology efﬁciency; leading-edge compliance; state-of-the-art automation; and advanced education. Acquisitions of Centerpulse and Implex We are near completion of our integration plans for Centerpulse and Implex. We incurred an aggregate of $322 million in acquisition and integration costs and expenses from October 2003 through December 2006. Although the vast majority of the integration activities are behind us, a few items still remain. Some of those items include continued IT systems conversions, continued manufacturing in-sourcing and some warehouse consolidations in a few countries. New Accounting Pronouncements On January 1, 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), ‘‘Share-Based Payment’’ (‘‘SFAS 123(R)’’). We adopted this accounting standard using the modiﬁed prospective method and will not restate prior periods. Share-based payment expense had the effect of reducing diluted earnings per share by $0.22 during the year ended December 31, 2006. Our share-based payment expense is primarily derived from awards of stock options and equity share units. We did not grant any equity share units until 2006. Prior to January 1, 2006 under Accounting Principle Board Opinion No. 25 (‘‘APB 25’’), share-based payment expense was not signiﬁcant because the exercise price of the stock options we granted generally equaled the market price 25 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T of the underlying stock on the measurement date of the stock options and no equity share units had been awarded. Share-based payment expense is a non-cash expense and therefore had no effect on our net cash ﬂows. As of December 31, 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, ‘‘Employers’ Accounting for Deﬁned Beneﬁt Pension and Other Postretirement Plans — an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R)’’ (‘‘SFAS 158’’). This Statement requires recognition of the funded status of a beneﬁt plan in the statement of ﬁnancial position. As a result, our liabilities increased by $31.3 million. However, this had no effect on our results of operations or cash ﬂows. For more information on the effect of this standard, see Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included in this report under Item 8. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2005 Net Sales by Operating Segment The following table presents net sales by operating segment and the components of the percentage changes (dollars in millions): Americas Europe Asia Paciﬁc Year Ended December 31, 2006 2005 % Inc Volume/ Mix $2,076.5 931.1 487.8 $1,941.8 874.8 469.5 $3,495.4 $3,286.1 7% 6 4 6 5% 7 9 7 Foreign Exchange –% – (3) (1) Price 2% (1) (2) – ‘‘Foreign Exchange’’ as used in the tables in this report represents the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on sales growth. Net Sales by Product Category The following table presents net sales by product category and the components of the percentage changes (dollars in millions): Reconstructive Knees Hips Dental Extremities Total Trauma Spine OSP and other Total Year Ended December 31, 2006 2005 % Inc Volume/ Mix Price Foreign Exchange $1,461.5 1,189.4 179.0 77.6 $1,366.2 1,140.6 148.1 66.1 2,907.5 2,721.0 194.7 177.4 215.8 179.8 160.4 224.9 $3,495.4 $3,286.1 7% 4 21 17 7 8 11 (4) 6 7% 5 16 13 7 7 10 (3) 7 –% (1) 4 4 – 1 1 – – –% – 1 – – – – (1) (1) The NexGen Complete Knee Solution product line including the NexGen LPS-Flex Gender Knee, NexGen CR- Flex Gender Knee, NexGen Trabecular Metal Tibial Components and the NexGen MIS Stemmed Tibial Plate, as well as Prolong Highly Cross-linked Polyethylene articular surface components, led knee sales. In addition, strong growth in the Zimmer Unicompartmental High Flex Knee and the Innex Total Knee System was offset, in part, by declining sales of the Natural-Knee II System. Growth in porous stems, including the new Trabecular Metal Primary Hip Stem, Zimmer M/L Taper Stem, and the CLS Spotorno Stem from the CLS Hip System led hip sales. Trabecular Metal Acetabular Cups and Metasul LDHTM Large Diameter Heads experienced strong growth offset by declining sales of Cemented Stems. Orthobiologicals and prosthetic implants, including strong growth of the Tapered Screw-Vent and Internal Hex Implant Systems, led dental sales. Trabecular Metal Shoulder Stems led extremities sales. Zimmer Periarticular Plates, the Zimmer NCB Plating System, the Sirus IM Nail and I.T.S.T. Intertrochanteric/Subtrochanteric Fixation System experienced strong growth while sales of Compression Hip Screws continued to decline. The Dynesys Dynamic Stabilization System and Spinal Trabecular Metal Spacers led the growth in spine sales while sales of cages for interbody fusion declined. As a result of the termination of the OrthoPAT˛5 Autotransfusion System distribution arrangement, sales for this device fell by over $25 million, 5 Trademark of Haemonetics Corporation. 26 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T accounting for the decline in OSP product sales. The distribution arrangement ended February, 2006. The following table presents estimated* 2006 global market size and market share information (dollars in billions): NCB Plating system, the Sirus IM Nail and I.T.S.T. Intertrochanteric/Subtrochanteric Fixation System. Europe Net Sales Reconstructive Knees Hips Dental Extremities Total Trauma Spine*** Global Market Size $ 5.2 4.5 2.2 0.4 $12.3 $ 3.3 $ 5.3 Global Market Zimmer Market % Growth** Share Zimmer Market Position 8% 28% 6 22 13 27 8 19 10 10 15 24 6 3 1 1 4 2 1 5 6 * Estimates based on company annual ﬁlings, Wall Street equity research and Zimmer management ** Excludes the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on sales growth *** Spine includes related orthobiologics Americas Net Sales The following table presents Americas net sales (dollars in millions): Reconstructive Knees Hips Dental Extremities Total Trauma Spine OSP and other Total Year Ended December 31, 2006 2005 % Inc (Dec) $ 940.8 579.4 105.4 54.2 $ 880.5 538.1 88.8 46.2 1,679.8 1,553.6 117.1 146.9 132.7 107.5 132.7 148.0 $2,076.5 $1,941.8 7% 8 19 17 8 9 11 (10) 7 The period was characterized by balanced growth in hips and knees augmented by strong growth in other product lines. Growth in porous stems, including the new Trabecular Metal Primary Hip Stem and the Zimmer M/L Taper Stem, led hip sales. Trabecular Metal Acetabular Cups, and Metasul LDH Heads experienced strong growth offset by declining sales of Cemented Stems. The NexGen Complete Knee Solution product line including the NexGen LPS-Flex Gender Knee, NexGen CR-Flex Gender Knee, NexGen Trabecular Metal Tibial Components and the NexGen MIS Stemmed Tibial Plate as well as Prolong Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene articular surface components led knee sales offset, in part, by declining sales of the Natural-Knee II System. Dental, extremities and spine experienced double digit percentage growth compared to the prior year. The Tapered Screw-Vent Implant System led dental sales. The Trabecular Metal Shoulder Stems led extremities sales. The Dynesys Dynamic Stabilization System and Spinal Trabecular Metal Spacers led spine sales while trauma sales returned to solid growth behind Zimmer Periarticular Plates, the Zimmer The following table presents Europe net sales (dollars in millions): Reconstructive Knees Hips Dental Extremities Total Trauma Spine OSP and other Total Year Ended December 31, 2006 2005 % Inc $ 353.2 418.3 47.2 18.0 $ 327.0 410.3 40.1 13.7 836.7 791.1 38.1 24.8 31.5 33.1 22.4 28.2 $ 931.1 $ 874.8 8% 2 18 31 6 15 11 12 6 Strong knee sales continued to drive growth in Europe. Eight percent volume and mix growth was offset by a 2 percent drop in average selling prices for knees in Europe. The NexGen Complete Knee Solution product line and the Innex Total Knee System led knee sales. Hip sales growth was negatively affected by reduced selling prices in Germany, Italy, Portugal and the United Kingdom. The CLS Spotorno Stem, Longevity Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene Liners, Metasul LDH Heads and Trabecular Metal Acetabular Cups led hip sales. Dental, extremities, trauma, spine and OSP again experienced double digit percentage growth compared to the prior year. Dental sales were led by the Tapered Screw-Vent Implant System. The Anatomical Shoulder System led extremities sales. Zimmer Periarticular Plates and the Zimmer NCB Plating System led trauma sales. Trabecular Metal Spacers led spine sales. Strong sales of wound management products contributed to the OSP sales performance. 27 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . Asia Paciﬁc Net Sales The following table presents Asia Paciﬁc net sales (dollars in millions): Reconstructive Knees Hips Dental Extremities Total Trauma Spine OSP Total Year Ended December 31, 2006 2005 % Inc $ 167.5 191.7 26.4 5.4 $ 158.7 192.2 19.2 6.2 391.0 376.3 39.5 5.7 51.6 39.2 5.3 48.7 $ 487.8 $ 469.5 6% – 37 (13) 4 1 9 6 4 A stronger U.S. dollar in the ﬁrst half of the year resulted in a negative 3 percent effect on sales for Asia Paciﬁc, including a 3 percent drop in knee sales and a negative 4 percent impact on hip sales. A reduction in reimbursement prices for orthopaedic implants in Japan went into effect April 1, 2006. Together with other price changes in this segment this action led to a negative 2 percent effect on sales, including negative 2 percent on knees and negative 4 percent on hips. Volume and mix growth more than offset the negative effects of price and currency in knees while netting out to result in ﬂat sales in hips. Strong knee sales drove growth in Asia Paciﬁc. The NexGen CR-Flex Knee and the NexGen LPS-Flex Knee led knee sales. The continued conversion to porous stems, including the VerSys Hip System and the CLS Spotorno Stem led hip sales. Sales of Longevity Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene Liners and Trabecular Metal Acetabular Cups also exhibited strong growth. Dental experienced double digit percentage growth compared to the prior year. The Tapered Screw-Vent Implant System and the Spline˛ Implant System led dental sales. Extremity sales were impacted by lower sales of the Bigliani/Flatow Shoulder System. Strong powered instrument sales contributed to the OSP sales performance. Gross Proﬁt Gross proﬁt as a percentage of net sales was 77.7 percent in 2006, compared to 77.5 percent in 2005. The following table reconciles the gross margin for 2005 to 2006: 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T to the impact of our newer products on aging product lines and increased royalty expenses as a percentage of sales due to a higher mix of royalty bearing sales. Operating Expenses Research and Development, or R&D, as a percentage of net sales was 5.4 percent for 2006, compared to 5.3 percent in 2005. R&D increased to $188.3 million for 2006 from $175.5 million in 2005, reﬂecting increased spending on projects focused on our redeﬁned corporate strategies and $8.7 million of share-based payment expense. In 2006, we expanded our Biologics group based in Austin, Texas. We continued working with our third party partners on genetically engineered tissues for regenerative therapies, including soft tissue biological repair and replacement. We also worked to develop sophisticated tools for surgeons. The Zimmer BRIGIT Bone Resection Instrument Guide is an example of these sophisticated tools. Other examples include new sensor technologies, Computer Assisted Solutions personalized for speciﬁc surgeons, digital instruments, and digital/electronic templating. Currently, our product pipeline consists of approximately 100 active new product development projects. We are also investing in additional Gender implant designs following on the successful launch of our Zimmer Gender Solutions Knee, MIS Procedures and Technologies, material technologies, including woven materials and drug/device combinations and intelligence technologies, including sensor technology. New products, which we deﬁne as those introduced into a market in the preceding thirty-six months, accounted for approximately 24 percent of net sales in 2006 compared with 21 percent in 2005. In the second half of 2006, we launched twenty new products. Twelve of those represented major launches, such as the Gender Solutions Knee, DuromAcetabular System with Metasul Technology, VerSys Epoch Composite Hip Stem and the Trabecular Metal Acetabular Revision System. We continue to target our R&D spending at the high end of what we believe to be an industry average of 4-6 percent. Selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, as a percentage of net sales was 38.8 percent for 2006, compared to 38.3 percent in 2005. Share-based compensation added $55.9 million of expense for the year ended December 31, 2006, or an additional 1.6 percentage points when compared with 2005. Absent share-based compensation, SG&A as a Year ended December 31, 2005 gross margin Increased selling prices Share-based compensation Other 77.5% percentage of net sales decreased. The decrease was 0.1 (0.3) 0.4 primarily due to sales growth, realized expense synergies and well controlled spending. Year ended December 31, 2006 gross margin 77.7% Higher average selling prices in our largest operating segment offset by lower prices in Europe and Asia Paciﬁc contributed to the modest improvement in gross margin. Other primary contributors to the improvement in gross proﬁt margin were the net favorable effect of year over year changes in foreign currency hedge gains and losses and manufacturing productivity gains offset by underlying exposure gains and losses, increased inventory charges due 28 Acquisition, integration and other items for 2006 were $6.1 million compared to $56.6 million in 2005, and included $27.7 million of income related to three unrelated matters — the sale of the former Centerpulse Austin land and facilities for a gain of $5.1 million and the favorable settlement of two pre-acquisition contingent liabilities. A reduction in product liability accounted for $4.9 million of income. Expense items included a $13.4 million impairment charge for certain Centerpulse tradename and trademark intangibles based principally in our Europe operating segment, $8.8 million of integration consulting expenses, $3.3 million of employee Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T severance and retention costs, $3.0 million of costs related to integrating our information technology systems, $2.9 million of in-process research and development, $2.5 million of personnel expenses and travel for full-time integration team members and $4.8 million of other expenses. Operating Proﬁt, Income Taxes and Net Earnings Operating proﬁt for 2006 increased 10 percent to $1,165.2 million, from $1,055.0 million in 2005. Increased sales, improved gross proﬁt margins, realized operating expense synergies, controlled operating expenses and decreased acquisition and integration expenses offset $76.0 million of share-based compensation expense to drive the increase in operating proﬁt. The effective tax rate on earnings before income taxes and minority interest decreased to 28.6 percent for 2006, down from 29.5 percent in 2005. The reasons for the lower effective tax rate were the implementation of several European restructuring initiatives, the successful negotiation of a lower ongoing Swiss tax rate (from approximately 24 percent to 12.5 percent) and the continued expansion of operations in lower tax jurisdictions, including Puerto Rico. Net earnings increased 14 percent to $834.5 million for 2006, compared to $732.5 million in 2005. The increase was due to higher operating proﬁt, lower acquisition, integration and other expenses, decreased interest expense due to a lower average outstanding debt balance and a lower effective tax rate, offset by $54.5 million of share-based compensation expense, net of tax. Basic and diluted earnings per share increased 16 percent to $3.43 and $3.40, respectively, from $2.96 and $2.93 in 2005. Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2004 Net Sales by Operating Segment The following table presents net sales by operating segment and the components of the percentage changes (dollars in millions): Americas Europe Asia Paciﬁc Year Ended December 31, 2005 2004 % Inc Volume/ Mix Price Foreign Exchange $1,941.8 874.8 469.5 $1,741.3 808.3 431.3 $3,286.1 $2,980.9 12% 8 9 10 10% 9 8 9 1% (1) – 1 1% – 1 – ‘‘Foreign Exchange’’ as used in the tables in this report represents the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on sales growth. Net Sales by Product Category The following table presents net sales by product category and the components of the percentage changes (dollars in millions): Reconstructive Knees Hips Dental Extremities Total Trauma Spine OSP Total Year Ended December 31, 2005 2004 % Inc Volume/ Mix Price Foreign Exchange $1,366.2 1,140.6 148.1 66.1 $1,194.5 1,079.0 124.7 58.1 2,721.0 2,456.3 179.8 160.4 224.9 172.9 134.2 217.5 $3,286.1 $2,980.9 14% 6 19 14 11 4 20 3 10 13% 5 16 10 10 2 19 2 9 1% – 2 4 – 2 1 1 1 –% 1 1 – 1 – – – – The NexGen Complete Knee Solution product line including the NexGen LPS-Flex Knee, NexGen Trabecular Metal Tibial Components, the NexGen CR-Flex Knee, the NexGen Rotating Hinge Knee and the NexGen LCCK Revision Knee led knee sales. In addition, the Zimmer Unicompartmental High Flex Knee and the Innex Total Knee System exhibited strong growth. Growth in porous stems, including the Fiber Metal Taper Stem from the VerSys Hip System, Zimmer M/L Taper Stem, the CLS Spotorno Stem from the CLS Hip System, and the Alloclassic Zweym ¨uller Hip System led hip sales. Trabecular Metal Acetabular Cups, Durom Hip Resurfacing System products internationally, and Longevity and Durasul Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene Liners also had strong growth. Orthobiologicals and prosthetic implants, including strong growth of the Tapered Screw-Vent Implant System, led dental sales. The Bigliani/Flatow Shoulder Solution led extremities sales. Zimmer Periarticular Plates, Zimmer Plates and Screws and I.T.S.T. 29 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Intertrochanteric/Subtrochanteric Fixation System led trauma sales. The Dynesys Dynamic Stabilization System, the ST360(cid:2) Spinal Fixation System and Spinal Trabecular Metal Spacers led spine sales. The growth of the OrthoPAT˛ Autotransfusion System and wound management products led OSP sales. On August 30, 2005, Haemonetics Corporation announced they were ending an exclusive distribution agreement with us. We sold the OrthoPAT Autotransfusion System through February 2006. Americas Net Sales The following table presents Americas net sales (dollars in millions): Reconstructive Knees Hips Dental Extremities Total Trauma Spine OSP Total Year Ended December 31, 2005 2004 % Inc (Dec) $ 880.5 538.1 88.8 46.2 $ 762.0 499.6 75.3 41.1 1,553.6 1,378.0 107.5 132.7 148.0 105.7 111.0 146.6 $1,941.8 $1,741.3 16% 8 18 12 13 2 20 1 12 Strong knee sales drove growth in the Americas. The NexGen Complete Knee Solution product line, including the NexGen LPS-Flex Knee, NexGen Trabecular Metal Tibial Components, the NexGen LCCK Revision Knee and the NexGen CR-Flex Knee led knee sales. The Zimmer Unicompartmental High Flex Knee also made a strong contribution. We also beneﬁted from strong hip sales in a relatively softer market compared to the prior year. Growth in porous stems, including growth of the Zimmer M/L Taper Stem and Alloclassic Zweym ¨uller Hip System led hip sales, but were partially offset by weaker sales of cemented stems. Trabecular Metal Acetabular Cups and Longevity and Durasul Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene Liners also exhibited strong growth. Dental, extremities and spine experienced double digit percentage growth compared to the prior year. The Tapered Screw-Vent Implant System led dental sales. The Bigliani/ Flatow Shoulder System led extremities sales. The Dynesys Dynamic Stabilization System and the ST360(cid:2) Spinal Fixation System led spine sales. 30 Europe Net Sales The following table presents Europe net sales (dollars in millions): Reconstructive Knees Hips Dental Extremities Total Trauma Spine OSP Total Year Ended December 31, 2005 2004 % Inc $327.0 410.3 40.1 13.7 $292.0 398.4 34.8 11.6 791.1 736.8 33.1 22.4 28.2 29.5 19.8 22.2 $874.8 $808.3 12% 3 15 20 7 12 13 27 8 Strong knee sales drove growth in Europe. The NexGen Complete Knee Solution product line and the Innex Total Knee System led knee sales. Hip sales growth was negatively affected by reduced selling prices in Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal and the United Kingdom. The CLS Spotorno Stem, Longevity and Durasul Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene Liners, Durom Hip Resurfacing System and Trabecular Metal Acetabular Cups led hip sales. Dental, extremities, trauma, spine and OSP experienced double digit percentage growth compared to the prior year. Dental sales were led by the Tapered Screw-Vent Implant System. The Bigliani/Flatow Shoulder System led extremities sales. Cable-Ready˛ Cable Grip System and Zimmer Periarticular Plates led trauma sales. The SilhouetteTM Spinal System˛7 and Trabecular Metal Spacers led spine sales. Wound management products led OSP sales. Asia Paciﬁc Net Sales The following table presents Asia Paciﬁc net sales (dollars in millions): Reconstructive Knees Hips Dental Extremities Total Trauma Spine OSP Total Year Ended December 31, 2005 2004 % Inc $158.7 192.2 19.2 6.2 $140.5 181.0 14.6 5.4 376.3 341.5 39.2 5.3 48.7 37.7 3.4 48.7 $469.5 $431.3 13% 6 31 15 10 4 57 – 9 Strong knee and hip sales drove growth in Asia Paciﬁc. NexGen Trabecular Metal Tibial Components, the NexGen CR-Flex Knee and the NexGen LPS-Flex Knee led knee sales. The continued conversion to porous stems, including the VerSys Hip System, the Alloclassic Zweym ¨uller Hip 7 The Silhouette Spinal System is licensed from Spinal Innovations, LLC. Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T System and the CLS Spotorno Stem led hip sales, partially offset by weaker sales of revision stems. Sales of Longevity and Durasul Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene Liners and Trabecular Metal Acetabular Cups also exhibited strong growth. Dental, extremities and spine experienced double digit percentage growth compared to the prior year. The Tapered Screw-Vent Implant System and the Spline Implant System led dental sales. The Bigliani/Flatow Shoulder System led extremities sales. The ST360(cid:2) Spinal System led spine sales. Gross Proﬁt Gross proﬁt as a percentage of net sales was 77.5 percent in 2005, compared to 73.8 percent in 2004. The following table reconciles the gross margin for 2004 to 2005: Year ended December 31, 2004 gross margin Reduction in inventory step-up charge Improved inventory management Increased selling prices Resolution of certain legal and other matters Other Year ended December 31, 2005 gross margin 73.8% 1.8 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.7 77.5% Inventory step-up costs in the year ended December 31, 2005, decreased to $5.0 million, or 0.2 percent of sales, compared to $59.4 million, or 2.0 percent of sales, in 2004. We deﬁne ‘‘inventory step-up’’ as the difference between the cost basis and the fair value of acquired Centerpulse and Implex inventories. Other primary contributors to the improvement in gross proﬁt margin were reduced inventory charges due to improved inventory management, increased selling prices, favorable resolution of certain legal and other matters and reduced royalties. Royalty expenses as a percentage of sales declined due to a favorable mix of non- royalty bearing sales. Operating Expenses R&D as a percentage of net sales was 5.3 percent for 2005, compared to 5.6 percent in 2004. R&D increased to $175.5 million for 2005 from $166.7 million in 2004, reﬂecting increased spending on projects focused on areas of strategic signiﬁcance, including orthobiologics. In 2005, we doubled the number of internal people and project-related orthobiological investments. At the end of 2005, our product pipeline consisted of more than 160 active projects. We also invested in MIS Procedures and Technologies, material technologies, including woven materials and drug/device combinations and intelligence technologies, including sensor technology. We delivered more than 79 projects to the market in 2005. SG&A as a percentage of net sales was 38.3 percent for 2005, compared to 39.9 percent in 2004. The decrease was primarily due to sales growth and realized expense synergies. In addition, lower product liability claims and well controlled general and administrative spending reduced SG&A as a percentage of sales. Acquisition, integration and other expenses for 2005 were $56.6 million compared to $81.1 million in 2004, and included $13.3 million of employee severance and retention expenses, $12.7 million of sales agent contract termination expenses, $6.9 million of costs related to integrating our information technology systems, $6.2 million of facility relocation expenses, $5.6 million of integration consulting expenses, $3.2 million related to the impairment loss on the Austin facility, $3.1 million of personnel expenses and travel for full-time integration team members and $5.6 million of other expenses. Operating Proﬁt, Income Taxes and Net Earnings Operating proﬁt for 2005 increased 38 percent to $1,055.0 million, from $763.2 million in 2004. Increased sales, improved gross proﬁt margins, realized operating expense synergies, controlled operating expenses and decreased acquisition and integration expenses drove operating proﬁt. The effective tax rate on earnings before income taxes, minority interest and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle increased to 29.5 percent for 2005, from 25.9 percent in 2004. The provision for income taxes in 2004 included a $34.5 million beneﬁt (4.7 percent) as a result of revaluing deferred taxes of acquired Centerpulse operations due to a reduction in the ongoing Swiss tax rate. Even without this one time beneﬁt, we realized a lower effective tax rate for 2005. The reasons for the lower effective tax rate were the implementation of several European restructuring initiatives, the successful negotiation of a lower ongoing Swiss tax rate (from approximately 24 percent to 12.5 percent) and the continued expansion of operations in lower tax jurisdictions, including Puerto Rico. In 2004, the successful negotiation of the lower Swiss tax rate was effective for the last ﬁve months of the year, whereas in 2005 the beneﬁt was recognized for the entire year. Net earnings increased 35 percent to $732.5 million for 2005, compared to $541.8 million in 2004. The increase was primarily due to higher operating proﬁt and decreased interest expense due to a lower average outstanding debt balance, offset by a higher effective tax rate. Basic and diluted earnings per share increased 33 and 34 percent to $2.96 and $2.93, respectively, from $2.22 and $2.19 in 2004. OPERATING PROFIT BY SEGMENT Management evaluates operating segment performance based upon segment operating proﬁt exclusive of operating expenses pertaining to global operations and corporate expenses, share-based compensation expense, acquisition, integration and other expenses, inventory step-up, in-process research and development write-offs and intangible asset amortization expense. Global operations include research, development engineering, medical education, brand management, corporate legal, ﬁnance, and human resource functions, and U.S. and Puerto Rico based manufacturing operations and logistics. Intercompany transactions have been eliminated from segment operating proﬁt. For more information regarding our segments, see Note 13 to the consolidated ﬁnancial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. 31 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T The following table sets forth the operating proﬁt as a percentage of sales by segment for 2006, 2005 and 2004: 6 days. Our inventory levels have improved from a third quarter high of 310 days as a result of seasonal demand patterns and internal efforts to redeploy inventory to eliminate unnecessary safety stocks and improve inventory turns. Year Ended December 31, 2004 2005 2006 53.1% 52.6% 51.3% $287.0 million in 2006, compared to $311.1 million in 2005. In 41.6 47.5 Cash ﬂows used in investing activities were 36.3 45.2 35.1 42.3 Percent of net sales Americas Europe Asia Paciﬁc Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2005 In the Americas, operating proﬁt as a percentage of sales increased due to the effective control of operating expenses, including realized expense synergies and controlled selling, general and administrative spending. European operating proﬁt as a percentage of net sales improved due to improved gross margin and the realization of expense synergies related to the elimination of redundant functions and controlled selling, general and administrative spending. Asia Paciﬁc operating proﬁt as a percentage of net sales increased primarily due to product category mix, and controlled selling, general and administrative spending. Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2004 In the Americas, operating proﬁt as a percentage of sales increased due to an improved product category mix and controlled operating expenses, including realized expense synergies and controlled selling, general and administrative spending. European operating proﬁt as a percentage of net sales improved due to the realization of expense synergies related to the elimination of redundant functions and controlled selling, general and administrative spending. Asia Paciﬁc operating proﬁt as a percentage of net sales increased primarily due to an improved product category mix, lower royalty expenses as a percentage of sales and improved inventory management. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Cash ﬂows provided by operating activities were $1,040.7 million in 2006 compared to $878.2 million in 2005. The principal source of cash was net earnings of $834.5 million. Non-cash charges included in net earnings accounted for another $273.4 million of operating cash. All other items of operating cash ﬂows accounted for a use of $67.2 million of cash pertaining principally to investments in working capital in support of sales growth. We continue to focus on working capital management. At December 31, 2006, we had 55 days of sales outstanding in trade accounts receivable, an increase of 4 days when compared to December 31, 2005. A modest slowdown in payments from health care institutions occurred in all reporting segments. At December 31, 2006, we had 277 days of inventory on hand, favorable to December 31, 2005 by 32 2006, we made a ﬁnal payment of $28.1 million pursuant to the terms of the Implex acquisition agreement for contingent earn-out payments. This compares with a payment of $44.1 million in 2005. Additions to instruments during 2006 were $126.2 million compared to $150.0 million in 2005. Certain of our 2006 product launches such as our Gender Solutions Knee demanded lower relative instrument purchases as we were able to leverage existing instrument systems for this new product. In 2007, we expect to spend approximately $120 – $130 million on instruments to support new products, sales growth and MIS Procedures. We have realized beneﬁts from in-sourcing instruments at a lower cost. Additions to other property, plant and equipment during 2006 were $142.1 million compared to $105.3 million in 2005. Increases were related to facility expansions in Warsaw, Indiana; Ponce, Puerto Rico; and Parsippany, New Jersey. These facility expansions improved working conditions and capabilities for our research and development organization, and responded to increased demand, the transfer of production to our other manufacturing sites as a result of the closure of the Austin, Texas facility and the tripling of Trabecular Metal Technology production capacity. During 2007, we expect to purchase approximately $170 – $180 million in other property, plant and equipment, as a result of ongoing facility expansions in Warsaw, Indiana; Ponce, Puerto Rico; Winterthur, Switzerland; and investment in new information technology systems and further productivity-related initiatives. Cash ﬂows used in ﬁnancing activities were $730.7 million for 2006, compared to $484.6 million in 2005. In December 2005, our Board of Directors approved a $1 billion stock repurchase program. We repurchased $798.8 million of our common stock in 2006 as compared with $4.1 million in 2005. In December 2006, our Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program, authorizing us to repurchase up to an additional $1 billion of our common stock through December 31, 2008. We utilized cash generated from operating activities and $41.3 million in cash proceeds received from employee stock compensation plans to fund the repurchases. We expect to use excess cash to fund future purchases, if any, under these programs. We have a ﬁve year $1,350 million revolving, multi- currency, senior unsecured credit facility maturing March 31, 2010 (the ‘‘Senior Credit Facility’’). We had $99.6 million outstanding under the Senior Credit Facility at December 31, 2006, and an availability of $1,250.4 million. The $99.6 million is for use in Japan and carries a low interest rate. The Senior Credit Facility contains a provision by which we can increase the line to $1,750 million. We and certain of our wholly owned foreign and domestic subsidiaries are the borrowers, and our wholly Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T owned domestic subsidiaries are the guarantors, of the Senior Credit Facility. Borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility are used for general corporate purposes and bear interest at a LIBOR-based rate plus an applicable margin determined by reference to our senior unsecured long-term credit rating and the amounts drawn under the Senior Credit Facility, at an alternate base rate, or at a ﬁxed rate determined through a competitive bid process. The Senior Credit Facility contains customary afﬁrmative and negative covenants and events of default for an unsecured ﬁnancing arrangement, including, among other things, limitations on consolidations, mergers and sales of assets. Financial covenants include a maximum leverage ratio of 3.0 to 1.0 and a minimum interest coverage ratio of 3.5 to 1.0. If we fall below an investment grade credit rating, additional restrictions would result, including restrictions on investments, payment of dividends and stock repurchases. We were in compliance with all covenants under the Senior Credit Facility as of December 31, 2006. Commitments under the Senior Credit Facility are subject to certain fees, including a facility and a utilization fee. The Senior Credit Facility is rated BBB+ by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and is not rated by Moody’s Investors’ Service, Inc. We also have available uncommitted credit facilities totaling $60.9 million. Management believes that cash ﬂows from operations, together with available borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility, are sufﬁcient to meet our expected working capital, capital expenditure and debt service needs. Should investment opportunities arise, we believe that our earnings, balance sheet and cash ﬂows will allow us to obtain additional capital, if necessary. CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS We have entered into contracts with various third parties in the normal course of business which will require future payments. The following table illustrates our contractual obligations (in millions): Contractual Obligations Long-term debt Operating leases Purchase Obligations Other long-term liabilities Total contractual obligations Total 2007 2008 and 2009 2010 and 2011 2012 and Thereafter $ 99.6 $ – $ – $ 99.6 $ – 104.3 22.1 24.2 21.1 34.4 1.0 20.6 – 25.1 – 323.4 – 82.3 19.4 221.7 $549.4 $45.3 $117.7 $139.6 $246.8 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES Our ﬁnancial results are affected by the selection and application of accounting policies and methods. Signiﬁcant accounting policies which require management’s judgment are discussed below. Excess Inventory and Instruments – We must determine as of each balance sheet date how much, if any, of our inventory may ultimately prove to be unsaleable or unsaleable at our carrying cost. Similarly, we must also determine if instruments on hand will be put to productive use or remain undeployed as a result of excess supply. Reserves are established to effectively adjust inventory and instruments to net realizable value. To determine the appropriate level of reserves, we evaluate current stock levels in relation to historical and expected patterns of demand for all of our products and instrument systems and components. The basis for the determination is generally the same for all inventory and instrument items and categories except for work-in-progress inventory, which is recorded at cost. Obsolete or discontinued items are generally destroyed and completely written off. Management evaluates the need for changes to valuation reserves based on market conditions, competitive offerings and other factors on a regular basis. Income Taxes – We estimate income tax expense and income tax liabilities and assets by taxable jurisdiction. Realization of deferred tax assets in each taxable jurisdiction is dependent on our ability to generate future taxable income sufﬁcient to realize the beneﬁts. We evaluate deferred tax assets on an ongoing basis and provide valuation allowances if it is determined to be ‘‘more likely than not’’ that the deferred tax beneﬁt will not be realized. Federal income taxes are provided on the portion of the income of foreign subsidiaries that is expected to be remitted to the U.S. We operate within numerous taxing jurisdictions. We are subject to regulatory review or audit in virtually all of those jurisdictions and those reviews and audits may require extended periods of time to resolve. We make use of all available information and make reasoned judgments regarding matters requiring interpretation in establishing tax expense, liabilities and reserves. We believe adequate provisions exist for income taxes for all periods and jurisdictions subject to review or audit. Commitments and Contingencies – Accruals for product liability and other claims are established with internal and external legal counsel based on current information and historical settlement information for claims, related fees and for claims incurred but not reported. We use an actuarial model to assist management in determining an appropriate level of accruals for product liability claims. Historical patterns of claim loss development over time are statistically analyzed to arrive at factors which are then applied to loss estimates in the actuarial model. The amounts established equate to less than 5% of total liabilities and represent management’s best estimate of the ultimate costs that we will incur under the various contingencies. Goodwill and Intangible Assets – We evaluate the carrying value of goodwill and indeﬁnite life intangible assets annually, or whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. We evaluate the carrying value of ﬁnite life intangible assets whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be 33 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T recoverable. Signiﬁcant assumptions are required to estimate the fair value of goodwill and intangible assets, most notably estimated future cash ﬂows generated by these assets. As such, these fair valuation measurements use signiﬁcant unobservable inputs as deﬁned under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements. Changes to these assumptions could require us to record impairment charges on these assets. Share-based Payment – We account for share-based payment expense in accordance with the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123(R). Under the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123(R), share-based payment expense is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized over the requisite service period. Determining the fair value of share-based awards at the grant date requires judgment, including estimating the expected life of stock options and the expected volatility of our stock. Additionally, we must estimate the amount of share-based awards that are expected to be forfeited. We estimate expected volatility based upon the implied volatility of our actively traded options. The expected life of stock options and estimated forfeitures are based upon our employees’ historical exercise and forfeiture behaviors. The assumptions used in determining the grant date fair value and the expected forfeitures represent management’s best estimates. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS Information about recent accounting pronouncements is included in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included in this report under Item 8. 34 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk MARKET RISK We are exposed to certain market risks as part of our ongoing business operations, including risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices that could affect our ﬁnancial condition, results of operations and cash ﬂows. We manage our exposure to these and other market risks through regular operating and ﬁnancing activities, and through the use of derivative ﬁnancial instruments. We use derivative ﬁnancial instruments solely as risk management tools and not for speculative investment purposes. FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RISK We operate on a global basis and are exposed to the risk that our ﬁnancial condition, results of operations and cash ﬂows could be adversely affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We are primarily exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk with respect to transactions and net assets denominated in Euros, Swiss Francs, Japanese Yen, British Pounds, Canadian Dollars and Australian Dollars. We manage the foreign currency exposure centrally, on a combined basis, which allows us to net exposures and to take advantage of any natural offsets. To reduce the uncertainty of foreign exchange rate movements on transactions denominated in foreign currencies, we enter into derivative ﬁnancial instruments in the form of foreign exchange forward contracts with major ﬁnancial institutions. These forward contracts are designed to hedge anticipated foreign currency transactions, primarily intercompany sale and purchase transactions, for periods consistent with commitments. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on these contracts that qualify as cash ﬂow hedges are temporarily recorded in other comprehensive income, then recognized in cost of products sold when the hedged item affects net earnings. For contracts outstanding at December 31, 2006, we had obligations to purchase U.S. Dollars and sell Euros, Japanese Yen, British Pounds, Canadian Dollars, Australian Dollars and Korean Won or purchase Swiss Francs and sell U.S. Dollars at set maturity dates ranging from January 2007 through June 2009. The notional amounts of outstanding forward contracts entered into with third parties to purchase U.S. Dollars at December 31, 2006 and 2005, were $1,374.3 million and $1,142 million, respectively. The notional amounts of outstanding forward contracts entered into with third parties to purchase Swiss Francs at December 31, 2006, were $205 million. The weighted average contract rates outstanding are Euro:USD 1.29, USD:Swiss Franc 1.20, USD:Japanese Yen 106, British Pound:USD 1.82, USD:Canadian Dollar 1.15, Australian Dollar:USD 0.74 and USD:Korean Won 954. We maintain written policies and procedures governing our risk management activities. Our policy requires that critical terms of hedging instruments are the same as hedged forecasted transactions. On this basis, with respect to cash ﬂow hedges, changes in cash ﬂows attributable to hedged transactions are generally expected to be completely offset by changes in the fair value of hedge instruments. As part of our risk management program, we also perform sensitivity analyses to assess potential changes in revenue, operating results, cash ﬂows and ﬁnancial position relating to hypothetical movements in currency exchange rates. A sensitivity analysis of changes in the fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts outstanding at December 31, 2006, indicated that, if the U.S. Dollar uniformly changed in value by 10 percent relative to the Euro, Swiss Franc, Japanese Yen, British Pound, Canadian Dollar, Australian Dollar and Korean Won, with no change in the interest differentials, the fair value of those contracts would increase or decrease earnings before income taxes in periods through 2009, depending on the direction of the change, by an average approximate amount of $73.7 million, $21.4 million, $18.9 million, $13.8 million, $6.5 million, $6.9 million and $2.3 million for the Euro, Swiss Franc, Japanese Yen, British Pound, Canadian Dollar, Australian Dollar and Korean Won contracts, respectively. Any change in the fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts as a result of a ﬂuctuation in a currency exchange rate is expected to be largely offset by a change in the value of the hedged transaction. Consequently, foreign exchange contracts would not subject us to material risk due to exchange rate movements because gains and losses on these contracts offset gains and losses on the assets, liabilities, and transactions being hedged. We had net investment exposures to net foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities of approximately $1,672 million at December 31, 2006, primarily in Swiss Francs, Japanese Yen and Euros. Approximately $1,102 million of the net asset exposure at December 31, 2006 relates to goodwill recorded in the Europe and Asia Paciﬁc geographic segments. We enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts with terms of one month to manage currency exposures for assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than an entity’s functional currency. As a result, foreign currency translation gains /losses recognized in earnings under SFAS No. 52, ‘‘Foreign Currency Translation’’ are generally offset with gain/losses on the foreign currency forward exchange contracts in the same reporting period. COMMODITY PRICE RISK We purchase raw material commodities such as cobalt chrome, titanium, tantalum, polymer and sterile packaging. We enter into 12 to 24 month supply contracts, where available, on these commodities to alleviate the effect of market ﬂuctuation in prices. As part of our risk management program, we perform sensitivity analyses related to potential commodity price changes. A 10 percent price change across all these commodities would not have a material effect on our consolidated ﬁnancial position, results of operations or cash ﬂows. 35 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T our trade receivables are concentrated in the public and private hospital and healthcare industry in the U.S. and internationally or with distributors or dealers who operate in international markets and, accordingly, are exposed to their respective business, economic and country speciﬁc variables. Repayment is dependent upon the ﬁnancial stability of these industry sectors and the respective countries’ national economic and health care systems. Exposure to credit risk is controlled through credit approvals, credit limits and monitoring procedures and we believe that reserves for losses are adequate. There is no signiﬁcant net exposure due to any individual customer or other major concentration of credit risk. Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . INTEREST RATE RISK In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates that could affect our results of operations and ﬁnancial condition. We manage our exposure to interest rate risks through our regular operations and ﬁnancing activities. Presently, we invest our cash and equivalents in money market and investment-grade short-term debt instruments. The primary investment objective is to ensure capital preservation of our invested principal funds by limiting default and market risk. Currently, we do not use derivative ﬁnancial instruments in our investment portfolio. Our principal exposure to interest rate risk arises from the variable rates associated with our credit facilities. We are subject to interest rate risk through movements in interest rates on the committed Senior Credit Facility and our uncommitted credit facilities. Presently, all of our debt outstanding bears interest at short-term rates. We currently do not hedge our interest rate exposure, but may do so in the future. Based upon our overall interest rate exposure as of December 31, 2006, a change of 10 percent in interest rates, assuming the amount outstanding remains constant, would not have a material effect on interest expense. However, because the effects of any method selected to mitigate the risk of interest rate changes are uncertain, this analysis assumes that management will take no action to mitigate interest rate risk. Further, this analysis does not consider the effect of the change in the level of overall economic activity that could exist in such an environment. CREDIT RISK Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, are primarily cash, cash equivalents, counterparty transactions, and accounts receivable. We place our investments in highly rated ﬁnancial institutions and money market instruments, and limit the amount of credit exposure to any one entity. We believe we do not have any signiﬁcant credit risk on our cash and equivalents and investments. We are exposed to credit loss if the ﬁnancial institutions with which we conduct business fail to perform. However, this loss is limited to the amounts, if any, by which the obligations of the counterparty to the ﬁnancial instrument contract exceed our obligation. We also minimize exposure to credit risk by dealing with a diversiﬁed group of major ﬁnancial institutions. We manage credit risk by monitoring the ﬁnancial condition of our counterparties using standard credit guidelines. We do not anticipate any nonperformance by any of the counterparties. Concentration of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of customers and their dispersion across a number of geographic areas and by frequent monitoring of the creditworthiness of the customers to whom credit is granted in the normal course of business. However, essentially all of 36 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The management of Zimmer Holdings, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over ﬁnancial reporting. Internal control over ﬁnancial reporting is deﬁned in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal ﬁnancial ofﬁcers and effected by the company’s Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of ﬁnancial reporting and the preparation of ﬁnancial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: ) Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reﬂect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; ) Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of ﬁnancial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and ) Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the ﬁnancial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, the company’s internal control over ﬁnancial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. The company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over ﬁnancial reporting as of December 31, 2006. In making this assessment, the company’s management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on that assessment, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2006, the company’s internal control over ﬁnancial reporting is effective based on those criteria. The company’s independent registered public accounting ﬁrm has audited management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over ﬁnancial reporting as of December 31, 2006, as stated in their report which appears in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 37 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Index to Consolidated Financial Statements FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Page 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 38 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Zimmer Holdings, Inc.: We have completed integrated audits of Zimmer Holdings, Inc.’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements and of its internal control over ﬁnancial reporting as of December 31, 2006, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our opinions, based on our audits, are presented below. Consolidated ﬁnancial statements and ﬁnancial statement schedule In our opinion, the consolidated ﬁnancial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(1) present fairly, in all material respects, the ﬁnancial position of Zimmer Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash ﬂows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the ﬁnancial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a) (2), presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated ﬁnancial statements. These ﬁnancial statements and ﬁnancial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these ﬁnancial statements and ﬁnancial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the ﬁnancial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit of ﬁnancial statements includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the ﬁnancial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and signiﬁcant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall ﬁnancial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated ﬁnancial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for share-based compensation in 2006. As discussed in Note 10 to the consolidated ﬁnancial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for deﬁned beneﬁt pension and other postretirement plans effective December 31, 2006. Internal control over ﬁnancial reporting Also, in our opinion, management’s assessment, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing at the conclusion of Item 7A, that the Company maintained effective internal control over ﬁnancial reporting as of December 31, 2006 based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on those criteria. Furthermore, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over ﬁnancial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the COSO. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over ﬁnancial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over ﬁnancial reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on management’s assessment and on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over ﬁnancial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit of internal control over ﬁnancial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over ﬁnancial reporting was maintained in all material respects. An audit of internal control over ﬁnancial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over ﬁnancial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions. A company’s internal control over ﬁnancial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of ﬁnancial reporting and the preparation of ﬁnancial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over ﬁnancial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reﬂect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of ﬁnancial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the ﬁnancial statements. 39 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Continued) Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over ﬁnancial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Chicago, Illinois February 26, 2007 40 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Consolidated Statements of Earnings For the Years Ended December 31, Net Sales Cost of products sold Gross Proﬁt Research and development Selling, general and administrative Acquisition, integration and other Operating expenses Operating Proﬁt Interest income (expense) Earnings before income taxes and minority interest Provision for income taxes Minority interest Net Earnings Earnings Per Common Share – Basic Earnings Per Common Share – Diluted Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding Basic Diluted The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated ﬁnancial statements. (in millions, except per share amounts) 2006 2005 2004 $3,495.4 780.1 $3,286.1 739.4 $2,980.9 779.9 2,715.3 2,546.7 2,201.0 188.3 1,355.7 6.1 175.5 1,259.6 56.6 166.7 1,190.0 81.1 1,550.1 1,491.7 1,437.8 1,165.2 3.8 1,169.0 334.0 (0.5) 1,055.0 (14.3) 1,040.7 307.3 (0.9) 763.2 (31.7) 731.5 189.6 (0.1) $ 834.5 $ 732.5 $ 541.8 $ $ 3.43 3.40 $ $ 2.96 2.93 $ $ 2.22 2.19 243.0 245.4 247.1 249.8 244.4 247.8 41 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T (in millions, except share amounts) 2006 2005 $ 265.7 2.4 625.5 638.3 55.1 159.2 1,746.2 807.1 2,515.6 712.6 192.9 $ 233.2 12.1 524.2 583.7 68.7 153.7 1,575.6 708.8 2,428.8 756.6 252.1 $5,974.4 $5,721.9 $ 158.0 106.5 363.7 628.2 323.4 99.6 $ 123.6 82.1 401.2 606.9 348.3 81.6 1,051.2 1,036.8 2.7 2.3 2.5 2,743.2 2,768.5 209.2 (802.9) 2.5 2,601.1 1,934.0 149.3 (4.1) 4,920.5 4,682.8 $5,974.4 $5,721.9 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . Consolidated Balance Sheets December 31, ASSETS Current Assets: Cash and equivalents Restricted cash Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts Inventories, net Prepaid expenses Deferred income taxes Total Current Assets Property, plant and equipment, net Goodwill Intangible assets, net Other assets Total Assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current Liabilities: Accounts payable Income taxes payable Other current liabilities Total Current Liabilities Other long-term liabilities Long-term debt Total Liabilities Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15) Minority Interest Stockholders’ Equity: Common stock, $0.01 par value, one billion shares authorized, 248.9 million (247.8 million in 2005) issued Paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income Treasury stock, 12.1 million shares (0.1 million shares in 2005) Total Stockholders’ Equity Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated ﬁnancial statements. 42 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity Common Shares Number Amount Balance January 1, 2004 Net earnings Other comprehensive income Centerpulse and InCentive compulsory acquisition Stock compensation plans, including tax beneﬁts Other Balance December 31, 2004 Net earnings Other comprehensive loss Stock compensation plans, including tax beneﬁts Share repurchases Other Balance December 31, 2005 Net earnings Other comprehensive income Impact of adoption of FAS 158 Stock compensation plans, including tax beneﬁts Share repurchases Other 242.4 – – 0.6 2.5 – 245.5 – – 2.3 – – 247.8 – – – 1.1 – – $ 2.4 – – – 0.1 – 2.5 – – – – – 2.5 – – – – – – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Treasury Shares Income Number Amount $ 138.7 – 114.6 – – – $ – – – – – – – – – – – – 253.3 – (104.0) – – – – – – – (0.1) – (0.1) 149.3 – – – 95.3 – (35.4) – – – (12.0) – – – – – – (4.1) – (4.1) – – – – (798.8) – (in millions) Total Stockholders’ Equity $3,143.3 541.8 114.6 28.1 107.6 7.1 3,942.5 732.5 (104.0) 111.0 (4.1) 4.9 4,682.8 834.5 95.3 (35.4) 137.9 (798.8) 4.2 Paid-in Capital $2,342.5 – – 28.1 107.5 7.1 2,485.2 – – 111.0 – 4.9 2,601.1 – – – 137.9 – 4.2 Retained Earnings $ 659.7 541.8 – – – – 1,201.5 732.5 – – – – 1,934.0 834.5 – – – – – Balance December 31, 2006 248.9 $ 2.5 $2,743.2 $2,768.5 $ 209.2 (12.1) $ (802.9) $4,920.5 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated ﬁnancial statements. 43 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows For the Years Ended December 31, Cash ﬂows provided by (used in) operating activities: Net earnings Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Share based compensation Inventory step-up Income tax beneﬁt from stock option exercises Excess income tax beneﬁt from stock option exercises Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquired assets and liabilities Income taxes Receivables Inventories Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Other assets and liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities Cash ﬂows provided by (used in) investing activities: Additions to instruments Additions to other property, plant and equipment Centerpulse and InCentive acquisitions, net of acquired cash Implex acquisition, net of acquired cash Proceeds from note receivable Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment Investments in other assets Net cash used in investing activities Cash ﬂows provided by (used in) ﬁnancing activities: Net proceeds (payments) on lines of credit Proceeds from term loans Payments on term loans Proceeds from employee stock compensation plans Excess income tax beneﬁt from stock option exercises Debt issuance costs Repurchase of common stock Equity issuance costs Net cash used in ﬁnancing activities Effect of exchange rates on cash and equivalents Increase in cash and equivalents Cash and equivalents, beginning of year Cash and equivalents, end of year The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated ﬁnancial statements. (in millions) 2006 2005 2004 $ 834.5 $ 732.5 $ 541.8 197.4 76.0 – 11.6 (8.0) 68.7 (76.9) (39.2) (29.9) 6.5 185.7 – 5.0 34.3 – 85.0 (35.3) (79.2) (40.1) (9.7) 181.3 – 59.4 42.5 – 96.7 (10.6) (44.7) (3.1) (1.1) 1,040.7 878.2 862.2 (126.2) (142.1) – (28.1) – 16.2 (6.8) (150.0) (105.3) – (44.1) – – (11.7) (139.6) (100.8) (18.2) (153.1) 25.0 – (1.6) (287.0) (311.1) (388.3) 18.8 – – 41.3 8.0 – (798.8) – (5.3) – (550.0) 76.7 – (1.9) (4.1) – (561.4) 100.0 – 65.0 – (0.6) – (5.0) (730.7) (484.6) (402.0) 9.5 32.5 233.2 (3.9) 78.6 154.6 5.2 77.1 77.5 $ 265.7 $ 233.2 $ 154.6 44 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income For the Years Ended December 31, Net Earnings Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): Foreign currency cumulative translation adjustments Unrealized foreign currency hedge gains /(losses), net of tax effects of $7.6 in 2006, $(17.8) in 2005 and $10.0 in 2004 Reclassiﬁcation adjustments on foreign currency hedges, net of tax effects of $(1.8) in 2006, $(12.7) in 2005 and $(9.6) in 2004 Unrealized gains /(losses) on securities, net of tax effects of $0.9 in 2006, $0.9 in 2005 and $(1.5) in 2004 Minimum pension liability, net of tax effects of $(0.6) in 2006 and $0.2 in 2004 Other comprehensive income (loss) Comprehensive Income The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated ﬁnancial statements. (in millions) 2006 2005 2004 $834.5 $ 732.5 $541.8 143.8 (201.3) 145.5 (56.7) 71.2 (48.7) 8.7 27.6 15.7 (1.4) 0.9 (1.5) – 2.4 (0.3) 95.3 (104.0) 114.6 $929.8 $ 628.5 $656.4 45 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. BUSINESS We design, develop, manufacture and market reconstructive orthopaedic implants, including joint and dental, spinal implants, trauma products and related orthopaedic surgical products. Joint reconstructive implants restore function lost due to disease or trauma in joints such as knees, hips, shoulders and elbows. Dental reconstructive implants restore function and aesthetics in patients that have lost teeth due to trauma or disease. Spinal implants are utilized by orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons in the treatment of degenerative diseases, deformities and trauma in all regions of the spine. Trauma products are devices used primarily to reattach or stabilize damaged bone and tissue to support the body’s natural healing process. Our related orthopaedic surgical products include surgical supplies and instruments designed to aid in orthopaedic surgical procedures and post-operation rehabilitation. We also provide hospital-focused consulting services to help member institutions design, implement and manage successful orthopaedic programs of distinction. We provide hospitals and other orthopaedic practices resource capabilities in the areas of business development, marketing, in/outpatient rehab practice, clinical pathways, care mapping and space design, community relations, customer service, delivery models, cost accounting, staff utilization and more in order to improve the proﬁt environment. We have operations in more than 24 countries and market our products in more than 100 countries. We operate in a single industry but have three reportable geographic segments, the Americas, Europe and Asia Paciﬁc. The words ‘‘we’’, ‘‘us’’, ‘‘our’’ and similar words refer to Zimmer Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Zimmer Holdings refers to the parent company only. 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation – The consolidated ﬁnancial statements include the accounts of Zimmer Holdings and its subsidiaries in which it holds a controlling equity position. Investments in companies in which we exercise signiﬁcant inﬂuence over the operating and ﬁnancial affairs, but do not control, are accounted for under the equity method. Under the equity method, we record the investment at cost and adjust the carrying amount of the investment by our proportionate share of the investee’s net earnings or losses. All signiﬁcant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. Use of Estimates – The consolidated ﬁnancial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and include amounts that are based on management’s best estimates and judgments. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Foreign Currency Translation – The ﬁnancial statements of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into 46 U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates for operating results. Unrealized translation gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. When a transaction is denominated in a currency other than the subsidiary’s functional currency, we recognize a transaction gain or loss when the transaction is settled. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses included in net earnings for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 were not signiﬁcant. Revenue Recognition – We sell product through three principal channels: 1) direct to health care institutions, referred to as direct channel accounts, 2) through stocking distributors and healthcare dealers and 3) directly to dental practices and dental laboratories. The direct channel accounts represent more than 80 percent of our net sales. Through this channel, inventory is generally consigned to sales agents or customers so that products are available when needed for surgical procedures. No revenue is recognized upon the placement of inventory into consignment as we retain title and maintain the inventory on our balance sheet. Upon implantation, we issue an invoice and revenue is recognized. Pricing for products is generally predetermined by contracts with customers, agents acting on behalf of customer groups or by government regulatory bodies, depending on the market. Price discounts under group purchasing contracts are generally linked to volume of implant purchases by customer health care institutions within a speciﬁed group. At negotiated thresholds within a contract buying period, price discounts may increase. Revenue is recognized on sales to stocking distributors, healthcare dealers, dental practices and dental laboratories, which account for less than 20 percent of our net sales, when title to product passes to them, generally upon shipment. Product is generally sold to distributors at ﬁxed prices for speciﬁed periods. A distributor may return product in the event that we terminate the relationship. Under those circumstances, we record an estimated sales return in the period in which constructive notice of termination is given to a distributor. The reserves for doubtful accounts were $20.4 million and $23.3 million as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Shipping and Handling – Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling of products are reﬂected in net sales, and are not signiﬁcant. Expenses incurred related to shipping and handling of products are reﬂected in selling, general and administrative and were $95.5 million, $91.6 million and $86.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Acquisition, Integration and Other – We recognize incremental expenses resulting directly from the acquisitions of Centerpulse and Implex and signiﬁcant nonrecurring items as ‘‘Acquisition, integration and other’’ expenses. Acquisition, Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) integration and other expenses for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, included (in millions): For the Years Ended December 31, 2006 2005 2004 (Gain)/loss on acquired assets and obligations Consulting and professional fees Employee severance and retention Information technology integration In-process research & development Integration personnel Facility and employee relocation Sales agent and lease contract terminations Other $(19.2) 8.8 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.5 1.0 $ 3.2 5.6 13.3 6.9 – 3.1 6.2 0.2 3.6 12.7 5.6 $ – 32.0 9.4 4.3 – 5.2 3.4 24.4 2.4 $ 6.1 $56.6 $81.1 Included in the gain/loss on acquired assets and obligations is the sale of the former Centerpulse Austin land and facilities for a gain of $5.1 million and the favorable settlement of two pre-acquisition contingent liabilities. These gains were offset by a $13.4 million impairment charge for certain Centerpulse tradename and trademark intangibles based principally in our Europe operating segment. Cash and Equivalents – We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and equivalents are valued at cost, which approximates their fair value. Restricted cash is primarily composed of cash held in escrow related to certain insurance coverage. Inventories – Inventories, net of allowances for obsolete and slow-moving goods, are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined on a ﬁrst-in ﬁrst-out basis. Property, Plant and Equipment – Property, plant and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives of ten to forty years for buildings and improvements, three to eight years for machinery and equipment and generally ﬁve years for instruments. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (‘‘SFAS’’) No. 144, ‘‘Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,’’ we review property, plant and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated future undiscounted cash ﬂows relating to the asset are less than its carrying amount. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its fair value. Instruments – Instruments are hand held devices used by orthopaedic surgeons during total joint replacement and other surgical procedures. Instruments are recognized as long-lived assets and are included in property, plant and equipment. Undeployed instruments are carried at cost, net of allowances for excess and obsolete instruments. Instruments in the ﬁeld are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on average estimated useful lives, determined principally in reference to associated product life cycles, primarily ﬁve years. We review instruments for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144. Depreciation of instruments is recognized as selling, general and administrative expense. Goodwill – We account for goodwill in accordance with SFAS No. 142, ‘‘Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets’’. Goodwill is not amortized but is subject to annual impairment tests. Goodwill has been assigned to reporting units, which are consistent with our operating segments. We perform annual impairment tests by comparing each reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying amount to determine if there is potential impairment. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit and the implied fair value of goodwill are determined based upon discounted cash ﬂows, market multiples or appraised values as appropriate. Intangible Assets – We account for intangible assets in accordance with SFAS No. 142. Intangible assets with an indeﬁnite life, including certain trademarks and trade names, are not amortized. The useful lives of indeﬁnite life intangible assets are assessed annually to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indeﬁnite life. Intangible assets with a ﬁnite life, including core and developed technology, certain trademarks and trade names, customer related intangibles and patents and licenses are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life, ranging from seven to thirty years. Intangible assets with an indeﬁnite life are tested for impairment annually, or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. The amount of the impairment loss to be recorded would be determined based upon the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. Intangible assets with a ﬁnite life are tested for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The useful lives of intangible assets range from 3 to 40 years. In determining the useful lives of intangible assets, we consider the expected use of the assets and the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, anticipated technological advances, changes in surgical techniques, market inﬂuences and other economic factors. For technology based intangible assets, we consider the expected life cycles of products, absent unforeseen technological advances, which incorporate the corresponding technology. Trademarks and trade names that do not have a wasting characteristic (i.e., there are no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors which limit the useful life) are assigned an indeﬁnite 47 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) life. Trademarks and trade names that are related to products expected to be phased out are assigned lives consistent with the period in which the products bearing each brand are expected to be sold. For customer relationship intangible assets, we assign useful lives based upon historical levels of customer attrition. Research and Development – We expense all research and development costs as incurred. Research and development costs include salaries, prototypes, depreciation of equipment used in research and development, consultant fees and amounts paid to collaborative partners. Income Taxes – We account for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, ‘‘Accounting for Income Taxes’’. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between ﬁnancial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Federal income taxes are provided on the portion of the income of foreign subsidiaries that is expected to be remitted to the U.S. Derivative Financial Instruments – We account for all derivative ﬁnancial instruments in accordance with SFAS No. 133, ‘‘Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,’’ as amended by SFAS No. 138, ‘‘Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities (an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133)’’ and SFAS No. 149, ‘‘Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities’’. SFAS No. 133 requires that all derivative instruments be reported as assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and measured at fair value. We maintain written policies and procedures that permit, under appropriate circumstances and subject to proper authorization, the use of derivative ﬁnancial instruments solely for hedging purposes. The use of derivative ﬁnancial instruments for trading or speculative purposes is prohibited by our policy. We are exposed to market risk due to changes in currency exchange rates. As a result, we utilize foreign exchange forward contracts to offset the effect of exchange rate ﬂuctuations on anticipated foreign currency transactions, generally intercompany sales and purchases expected to occur within the next twelve to thirty months. Derivative instruments that qualify as cash ﬂow hedges are designated as such from inception. We maintain formal documentation regarding our objectives, the nature of the risk being hedged, identiﬁcation of the instrument, the hedged transaction, the hedging relationship and how effectiveness of the hedging instrument will be assessed. Our policy requires that critical terms of a hedging instrument are effectively the same as a hedged forecasted transaction. On this basis, with respect to a cash ﬂow hedge, changes in cash ﬂows attributable to the hedged transaction are generally expected to be completely offset by the cash ﬂows attributable to hedge instruments. We, therefore, perform quarterly assessments of hedge effectiveness by verifying and documenting those critical terms of the hedge instrument 48 and that forecasted transactions have not changed. We also assess on a quarterly basis whether there have been adverse developments regarding the risk of a counterparty default. For derivatives which qualify as hedges of future cash ﬂows, the effective portion of changes in fair value is temporarily recorded in other comprehensive income and then recognized in cost of products sold when the hedged item affects net earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value, if any, is reported in cost of products sold immediately. The net amount recognized in earnings during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, due to ineffectiveness and amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, was not signiﬁcant. For contracts outstanding at December 31, 2006, we have an obligation to purchase U.S. Dollars and sell Euros, Japanese Yen, British Pounds, Canadian Dollars, Australian Dollars and Korean Won and purchase Swiss Francs and sell U.S. Dollars at set maturity dates ranging from January 2007 through June 2009. The notional amounts of outstanding forward contracts entered into with third parties to purchase U.S. Dollars at December 31, 2006 were $1,374.3 million. The notional amounts of outstanding forward contracts entered into with third parties to purchase Swiss Francs at December 31, 2006, were $205 million. The fair value of outstanding derivative instruments recorded on the balance sheet at December 31, 2006, together with settled derivatives where the hedged item has not yet affected earnings, was a net unrealized loss of $22.4 million, or $22.6 million net of taxes, which is deferred in other comprehensive income, of which, $12.8 million, or $13.4 million, net of taxes, is expected to be reclassiﬁed to earnings over the next twelve months. We also enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts with terms of one month to manage currency exposures for assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than an entity’s functional currency. As a result, any foreign currency translation gains /losses recognized in earnings under SFAS No. 52, ‘‘Foreign Currency Translation’’ are generally offset with gains /losses on the foreign currency forward exchange contracts in the same reporting period. Other Comprehensive Income – Other comprehensive income refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that under generally accepted accounting principles are included in comprehensive income but are excluded from net earnings as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment to stockholders’ equity. Other comprehensive income is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments, unrealized foreign currency hedge gains and losses, and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities. We adopted SFAS No. 158, as described further below in ‘‘Accounting Pronouncements’’ and as further described in Note 10, ‘‘Retirement and Postretirement Beneﬁt Plans’’. The cumulative effect of the adoption is also included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) The components of accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows (in millions): Foreign currency translation Foreign currency hedges Unrealized gains (losses) on securities Unrecognized actuarial loss – adoption of SFAS 158 Unrecognized prior service cost – adoption of SFAS 158 Minimum pension liability Accumulated other comprehensive income Treasury Stock – We account for repurchases of common stock under the cost method and present treasury stock as a reduction of shareholders equity. We may reissue common stock held in treasury only for limited purposes. Accounting Pronouncements – In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123(R), ‘‘Share-Based Payment’’, which is a revision to SFAS No. 123. SFAS 123(R) requires all share-based payments to employees, including stock options, to be expensed based on their fair values. We have disclosed the effect on net earnings and earnings per share if we had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 in the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004. We adopted SFAS 123(R) on January 1, 2006 using the modiﬁed prospective method and did not restate prior periods. SFAS 123(R) applies to new awards and to awards that are outstanding as of January 1, 2006. Compensation expense for outstanding awards for which the requisite service has not been rendered as of January 1, 2006, will be recognized over the remaining service period using the compensation cost calculated for pro forma disclosure purposes under SFAS 123. In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of FAS 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (FIN 48), to create a single model to address accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. FIN 48 clariﬁes the accounting for income taxes, by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the ﬁnancial statements. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classiﬁcation, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We have adopted FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007, as required. The cumulative effect of adopting FIN 48 will be recorded in retained earnings and other balance sheet accounts as applicable. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of FIN 48 and do not expect that the adoption will have a signiﬁcant impact on our ﬁnancial position and results of operations. We anticipate the vast majority of the adoption impact to be reﬂected in balance sheet reclassiﬁcations associated with (a) showing the liabilities for tax uncertainties and their associated tax impacts gross versus the historical net presentation and (b) adjusting liabilities associated with transactions accounted for under purchase accounting through goodwill. In any event, the FASB has indicated that additional interpretive guidance will be issued in March 2007. Balance at January 1, 2006 Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Adoption of SFAS 158 Balance at December 31, 2006 $123.9 25.4 0.9 – – (0.9) $149.3 $143.8 (48.0) (1.4) – – 0.9 $ 95.3 $ – – – (37.4) 2.0 – $(35.4) $267.7 (22.6) (0.5) (37.4) 2.0 – $209.2 In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, ‘‘Fair Value Measurements,’’ which deﬁnes fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This Statement does not require any new fair value measurements, but provides guidance on how to measure fair value by providing a fair value hierarchy used to classify the source of the information. SFAS No. 157 is effective for ﬁnancial statements issued for ﬁscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those ﬁscal years. The adoption of SFAS No. 157 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated ﬁnancial statements or results of operations. In September 2006, the FASB also issued SFAS No. 158, ‘‘Employers’ Accounting for Deﬁned Beneﬁt Pension and Other Postretirement Plans – an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R). ‘‘This Statement requires recognition of the funded status of a beneﬁt plan in the statement of ﬁnancial position. SFAS No. 158 also requires recognition in other comprehensive income of certain gains and losses that arise during the period but are deferred under pension accounting rules, as well as modiﬁes the timing of reporting and adds certain disclosures. The Statement provides recognition and disclosure elements to be effective as of the end of the ﬁscal year after December 15, 2006 and measurement elements to be effective for ﬁscal years ending after December 15, 2008. We adopted SFAS No. 158 on December 31, 2006. See our pension and other postretirement disclosures in Note 10. Also in September 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108 (‘‘SAB 108’’), which outlines the staff’s views regarding the process of quantifying ﬁnancial statement misstatements. The issuance of SAB 108 had no effect on our ﬁnancial statements. 3. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION We adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (‘‘SFAS’’) No. 123 (revised 2004), ‘‘Share-Based Payment,’’ (‘‘SFAS 123(R)’’) effective January 1, 2006. SFAS 123(R) is a revision of SFAS No. 123, ‘‘Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation’’ (‘‘SFAS 123’’). SFAS 123(R) requires the recognition of the fair value of share-based payments in net earnings over the related service period. Our share-based 49 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) payments primarily consist of stock options, equity share units and an employee stock purchase plan. We did not grant any equity share units until 2006. Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for share-based payments under APB Opinion No. 25, ‘‘Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,’’ and related Interpretations (‘‘APB 25’’). Under APB 25, share- based payment expense was not signiﬁcant because the exercise price of the stock options generally equaled the market price of the underlying stock on the measurement date of the stock options and no equity share units had been awarded. No share-based payment expense was reﬂected in net income for the employee stock purchase plan under the provisions of APB 25, as the employee purchase price discount met the acceptable thresholds under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. We have elected the modiﬁed prospective method for adopting SFAS 123(R). Under the modiﬁed prospective method, the provisions of SFAS 123(R) apply to all share- based payments granted or modiﬁed after the date of adoption. For share-based payments granted prior to the date of the adoption, the unrecognized expense related to the unvested portion at the date of adoption will be recognized in net earnings under the grant date fair value provisions used for our pro forma disclosures under SFAS 123. For the year ended December 31, 2006, share-based payment expense was $76.0 million or $54.5 million net of the related tax beneﬁts. Share-based payment expense for the year ended December 31, 2005 under APB 25 was not signiﬁcant. The following is the pro forma expense disclosure under SFAS 123 for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 (in millions, except per share amounts): Net earnings, as reported Deduct: Total share-based payment expense determined under SFAS 123 for all awards, net of tax Pro forma net earnings Earnings per share: Basic – as reported Basic – pro forma Diluted – as reported Diluted – pro forma 2005 2004 $732.5 $541.8 (46.1) (26.0) $686.4 $515.8 $ 2.96 $ 2.22 2.11 2.19 2.08 2.78 2.93 2.75 Prior to adopting SFAS 123(R), we classiﬁed all tax beneﬁts of deductions resulting from the exercise of non- qualiﬁed stock options as operating cash ﬂows. SFAS 123(R) requires the cash ﬂows resulting from excess tax beneﬁts (i.e., tax deductions realized for stock options exercised in excess of the tax beneﬁt recognized on the related share- based payment expense) to be classiﬁed as ﬁnancing cash ﬂows. Stock Options We had three stock option plans in effect at December 31, 2006: the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the ‘‘2006 Plan’’), the TeamShare Stock Option Plan and the Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors. The 2006 Plan was adopted by the Board of Directors on February 17, 2006 and became effective on May 1, 2006. The 2006 Plan replaced the 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (the ‘‘2001 Plan’’), which by its terms expired on August 5, 2006. Following stockholder approval of the 2006 Plan, no further grants were made under the 2001 Plan. We have reserved the maximum number of shares of common stock available for award under the terms of each of these plans and have registered 42.9 million shares of common stock. The 2006 Plan provides for the grant of nonqualiﬁed stock options and incentive stock options, long- term performance awards, restricted stock awards, equity share units and stock appreciation rights. The Compensation and Management Development Committee of the Board of Directors determines the grant date for annual grants under our stock option plans. The date for annual grants under the 2006 Plan to our executive ofﬁcers is expected to occur in February of each year following the earnings announcements for the previous quarter and full year. The TeamShare Stock Option Plan provides for the grant of non-qualiﬁed stock options and, in certain jurisdictions, stock appreciation rights, while the Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors provides for awards of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units to non-employee directors. It has been our practice to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options from previously unissued shares. The total number of awards which may be granted in a given year and/or over the life of the plan under each of our stock option plans is limited. At December 31, 2006, an aggregate of 18.2 million shares were available for future grants and awards under these three plans. Stock options granted to date under our plans generally vest over four years, although in no event in less than one year, and expire ten years from the date of grant. Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of our common stock on the date of grant, except in limited circumstances where local law may dictate otherwise. In the past, certain options have had price thresholds, which affect exercisability. All such price thresholds have been satisﬁed. The total number of awards which may be granted in a given year and/or over the life of the plan under each of our stock option plans is limited to control dilution. A summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2006 is as follows (options in thousands): Outstanding at December 31, 2005 Options granted Options exercised Options cancelled Outstanding at December 31, 2006 Stock Options 12,562 3,492 (1,093) (777) 14,184 Weighted Average Exercise Price 55.66 69.16 31.37 74.85 $59.75 50 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2006 (options in thousands): Range of Exercise Prices $10.50 – $17.00 $19.50 – $27.50 $27.51 – $37.50 $39.50 – $51.00 $55.00 – $70.50 $71.00 – $87.50 We use a Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of our stock options. For stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2006, expected volatility was derived from the implied volatility of our traded options that were actively traded around the grant date of the stock options with exercise prices similar to the stock options and maturities of over one year. In periods prior to January 1, 2006, expected volatility was derived based upon historical volatility of our common stock. The change in determining the expected volatility assumption was based upon our traded options with maturities over one year being more actively traded than in the past along with the guidance provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107. The expected term of the stock options has been derived from historical employee exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rate is determined using the implied yield currently available for zero-coupon U.S. government issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the options. A dividend yield of zero percent has been used as we have not paid a dividend since becoming a public company in 2001. The weighted average fair value of the options granted in the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 were determined using the following assumptions: Dividend Yield Volatility Risk-free interest rate Expected life (years) 5.3 The weighted average fair value for options granted during 2006, 2005 and 2004 were $22.32, $28.11 and $21.85, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 were $40.5 million, $109.2 million and $129.6 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2006, share-based payment expense related to stock options was $66.3 million or $47.7 million net of the related tax beneﬁts. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the impact on basic and diluted EPS related to share-based payment expense on stock options was $0.19. Since prior to adoption of SFAS 123(R) the exercise price of stock options granted generally equaled the market price of the underlying Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life 0.03 2.88 4.23 6.15 7.89 4.87 5.64 Outstanding Weighted Average Exercise Price $16.53 24.80 30.78 42.81 68.84 47.43 59.75 Options 2 808 2,416 1,135 1,464 921 6,746 Exercisable Weighted Average Exercise Price $16.53 24.80 30.78 42.54 70.21 79.68 47.27 Options 2 808 2,424 1,587 3,984 5,379 14,184 stock on the measurement date, the expense related to stock options represents the impact of adopting this standard. Summarized information about outstanding stock options as of December 31, 2006 that are already vested and that we expect to vest, as well as stock options that are currently exercisable, is as follows: Outstanding Stock Options Already Vested and Expected to Vest* Options That Are Exercisable Number of outstanding options (in thousands) Weighted average remaining contractual life Weighted average exercise price per share Intrinsic value (in millions) * Includes effects of estimated forfeitures 13,517 6,746 7.2 years 5.8 years $ $ 59.11 164.5 $47.27 $151.7 As of December 31, 2006, there was $89.4 million of unrecognized share-based payment expense related to nonvested stock options granted under our plans. That expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.3 years. Equity Share Units 2005 2004 2006 –% –% Our equity share units generally will vest at the end of the three year period ending December 31, 2008. Each equity –% share unit will be converted into one share of our common 25.7% 30.2% 28.0% 4.5% 4.1% 3.4% stock upon vesting. The number of equity share units that 5.1 will be awarded, if any, varies depending on the achievement of certain performance targets over the three year period. 5.0 A summary of nonvested equity share units activity for the year ended December 31, 2006 is as follows (units in thousands): Outstanding at January 1, 2006 Granted Forfeited Outstanding at December 31, 2006 Equity Share Units Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value – 930 (25) 905 $ – 67.86 67.86 $67.86 The fair value of the equity share units was determined based upon the fair market value of our common stock on 51 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) the date of grant. SFAS 123(R) requires us to estimate the number of equity share units that will vest, and recognize share-based payment expense on a straight line basis over the requisite service period. As of December 31, 2006, we estimate that approximately 430,100 equity share units will vest. If our estimate were to change in the future, the cumulative effect of the change in estimate will be recorded in that period. Based upon the number of equity share units that we expect to vest, the unrecognized share-based payment expense as of December 31, 2006 was $19.5 million, and is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.0 years. For the year ended December 31, 2006, pre-tax expense related to equity share units was $9.7 million or $6.8 million net of the related tax beneﬁts. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the impact on basic and diluted EPS related to equity share units was $0.03. 4. ACQUISITIONS Musculoskeletal Management Systems, LLC On June 2, 2006, we acquired Musculoskeletal Management Systems, LLC, more commonly known as the Human Motion Institute (HMI), a privately-held, hospital- focused consulting company based in Pennsylvania for a cash purchase price of $15.0 million. We recorded $12.1 million of goodwill in connection with the acquisition. The acquisition did not have a material impact on our ﬁnancial position or results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2006. Implex Corp. On April 23, 2004, we acquired Implex Corp., a privately held orthopaedics company based in New Jersey, pursuant to an Amended and Restated Merger Agreement. We acquired 100 percent of the shares of Implex for an initial cash consideration of approximately $108.0 million, before adjustments for debt repayment, certain payments previously made by us to Implex pursuant to a pre-existing strategic alliance and other items. The aggregate cash consideration paid by us through December 31, 2006 was $225.3 million, consisting of a $98.6 million payment at closing, $2.6 million of direct acquisition costs and $124.1 million of earn-out payments made pursuant to the merger agreement. The acquisition resulted from the strategic alliance agreement we had with Implex since 2000 for the development and distribution of reconstructive implant and trauma products incorporating Trabecular Metal Technology. The merger agreement contained provisions for annual cash earn-out payments to the selling stockholders based on year-over-year sales growth through 2006 of certain products that incorporate Trabecular Metal Technology. Pursuant to SFAS No. 141 and EITF 95-8 ‘‘Accounting for Contingent Consideration Paid to the Shareholders of an Acquired Enterprise in a Purchase Business Combination’’, the earn-out payments are recorded as an additional cost of the transaction upon resolution of the contingency and therefore increase goodwill. As of December 31, 2006, the earn-out 52 period under the merger agreement ended and we do not expect any further amounts will be payable to the selling stockholders. See Note 7 for additional information on goodwill. Centerpulse AG In connection with our acquisition of Centerpulse AG (‘‘Centerpulse’’) in October 2003, we recorded a $75.7 million integration liability consisting of $53.1 million of employee termination and relocation costs and $22.6 million of sales agent and lease contract termination costs. In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force (‘‘EITF’’) 95-3 ‘‘Recognition of Liabilities Assumed in a Purchase Business Combination’’, these liabilities were included in the allocation of the purchase price. Increases to the liability subsequent to the completion of the allocation period are expensed in the ﬁnancial statements, and were not signiﬁcant. Reductions in the liability subsequent to the completion of the allocation period are recorded as adjustments to goodwill. Our integration plan covers all functional business areas, including sales force, research and development, manufacturing and administrative. Approximately 830 Centerpulse employees were expected to be involuntarily terminated through our integration plan. As of December 31, 2006, practically all had been involuntarily terminated. We completed the production phase-out of our Austin, Texas manufacturing facility in the fourth quarter of 2005. The vast majority of our integration plan was complete at the end of 2006. Reconciliation of the integration liability, as of December 31, 2006, is as follows (in millions): Employee Termination and Relocation Costs $ 53.1 (20.7) 32.4 (20.5) 3.7 15.6 (8.8) (0.3) 6.5 (4.5) (1.2) Contract Terminations Total $ 22.6 (0.2) $ 75.7 (20.9) 22.4 (2.3) (11.8) 8.3 (2.4) (1.1) 4.8 (2.6) (1.3) 54.8 (22.8) (8.1) 23.9 (11.2) (1.4) 11.3 (7.1) (2.5) Balance, Closing Date Cash Payments Balance, December 31, 2003 Cash Payments Additions /(Reductions), net Balance, December 31, 2004 Cash Payments Additions /(Reductions), net Balance, December 31, 2005 Cash Payments Additions /(Reductions), net Balance, December 31, 2006 $ 0.8 $ 0.9 $ 1.7 5. INVENTORIES Inventories at December 31, 2006 and 2005, consist of the following (in millions): Finished goods Work in progress Raw materials Inventories, net 2006 $489.1 46.4 102.8 $638.3 2005 $444.0 40.1 99.6 $583.7 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) Reserves for excess and obsolete inventory were $129.5 million and $121.0 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. 6. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2006 and 2005, was as follows (in millions): Land Building and equipment Instruments Construction in progress Accumulated depreciation $ 2006 17.6 783.7 768.5 105.3 $ 2005 20.7 706.5 649.2 61.4 1,675.1 (868.0) 1,437.8 (729.0) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 807.1 $ 708.8 Depreciation expense was $155.0 million, $144.0 million and $142.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. 7. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 (in millions): Balance at January 1, 2005 $1,389.1 $1,023.2 $116.6 $2,528.9 Americas Europe Asia Paciﬁc Total Change in fair value estimates of Centerpulse related to: Income taxes Integration liability Change in fair value estimates of Implex related to: Earn-out payment liability Income taxes Integration liability Inventories Other Purchase of Allo Systems Srl minority interest Currency translation Balance at December 31, 2005 Change in fair value estimates of Centerpulse related to: Income taxes Integration liability Change in fair value estimates of Implex related to: Earn-out payment liability Integration liability Purchase of Musculoskeletal Management Systems Currency translation Balance at December 31, (7.8) (0.2) 0.5 (1.4) 44.1 0.6 (0.1) 0.7 (0.2) – – – – – – – – – – – – (7.3) (1.6) 44.1 0.6 (0.1) 0.7 (0.2) – – 2.0 (127.4) – (10.9) 2.0 (138.3) 1,426.2 896.9 105.7 2,428.8 (51.5) (0.2) – (1.7) – (0.2) (51.5) (2.1) 28.0 (0.5) – 12.1 – – – – – 98.7 – – – – 2.1 28.0 (0.5) – 12.1 100.8 2006 $1,414.1 $ 993.9 $107.6 $2,515.6 During the year ended December 31, 2006, goodwill was reduced by $51.5 million related to changes in the fair value estimates of Centerpulse. $46.0 million of this reduction was a decrease to the long term tax liability related to the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations. The remaining reduction primarily relates to the release of valuation allowances. 53 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) The components of identiﬁable intangible assets are as follows (in millions): As of December 31, 2006: Intangible assets subject to amortization: Gross carrying amount Accumulated amortization Intangible assets not subject to amortization: Gross carrying amount Total identiﬁable intangible assets As of December 31, 2005: Intangible assets subject to amortization: Gross carrying amount Accumulated amortization Intangible assets not subject to amortization: Gross carrying amount Total identiﬁable intangible assets Core Technology Developed Technology Trademarks and Trade Names Customer Relationships Other Total $119.1 (20.5) $417.3 (88.1) – – $ 98.6 $329.2 $118.9 (14.2) $417.3 (60.0) – – $104.7 $357.3 $ 33.4 (9.8) 201.2 $224.8 $ 31.7 (6.8) 215.0 $239.9 $35.5 (4.0) $ 48.7 (20.4) $ 654.0 (142.8) – – 201.2 $31.5 $ 28.5 $ 712.6 $34.4 (2.4) $ 39.7 (17.0) $ 642.0 (100.4) – – 215.0 $32.0 $ 22.7 $ 756.6 Total amortization expense for ﬁnite-lived intangible assets was $42.4 million, $41.7 million and $39.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and was recorded as part of selling, general and administrative. Estimated annual amortization expense for the years ending December 31, 2007 through 2011 is $41.5 million, $41.5 million, $41.5 million, $40.2 million and $38.5 million, respectively. 8. OTHER CURRENT AND LONG-TERM LIABILITIES Other current and long-term liabilities at December 31, 2006 and 2005, consist of the following (in millions): 2006 Other current liabilities: License and service agreements Salaries, wages and beneﬁts Accrued liabilities Total other current liabilities Other long-term liabilities: Long-term income tax payable Other long-term liabilities Total other long-term liabilities 9. DEBT $115.0 49.3 199.4 $363.7 $102.1 221.3 $323.4 2005 $112.3 54.9 234.0 $401.2 $150.1 198.2 $348.3 We have a ﬁve year $1,350 million senior credit agreement (the ‘‘Senior Credit Facility’’). The Senior Credit Facility is a revolving, multi-currency, senior unsecured credit facility maturing March 31, 2010. Available borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility at December 31, 2006, were $1,250.4 million. The Senior Credit Facility contains a provision whereby borrowings may be increased to $1,750 million. We and certain of our wholly owned foreign and domestic subsidiaries are the borrowers, and our wholly owned domestic subsidiaries are the guarantors, of the Senior Credit Facility. Borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility bear interest at a LIBOR-based rate plus an applicable margin determined by reference to our senior unsecured long-term credit rating and the amounts drawn under the Senior Credit Facility, at an alternate base rate, or at a ﬁxed rate determined through a competitive bid process. The Senior Credit Facility contains customary afﬁrmative and negative covenants and events of default for an unsecured ﬁnancing arrangement, including, among other things, limitations on consolidations, mergers and sales of assets. Financial covenants include a maximum leverage ratio of 3.0 to 1.0 and a minimum interest coverage ratio of 3.5 to 1.0. If we fall below an investment grade credit rating, additional restrictions would result, including restrictions on investments, payment of dividends and stock repurchases. We were in compliance with all covenants under the Senior Credit Facility as of December 31, 2006. Commitments under the Senior Credit Facility are subject to certain fees, including a facility and a utilization fee. Outstanding long-term debt as of December 31, 2006 was $99.6 million and $81.6 million as of December 31, 2005. We had no current debt as of December 31, 2006 or 2005. We also have available uncommitted credit facilities totaling $60.9 million. The weighted average interest rate for borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility was 0.61 percent at December 31, 2006. Borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility at December 31, 2006 and 2005 are Japanese Yen based borrowings. We paid $5.8 million, $15.3 million and $27.9 million in interest during 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Debt issuance costs of $22.4 million were incurred to obtain the Senior Credit Facility arrangement. These costs were capitalized and are amortized to interest expense over the lives of the related facilities. At December 31, 2006, unamortized debt issuance costs were $6.3 million. 54 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) 10. RETIREMENT AND POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS We have deﬁned beneﬁt pension plans covering certain U.S. and Puerto Rico employees who were hired before September 2, 2002. Employees hired after September 2, 2002 are not part of the U.S. and Puerto Rico deﬁned beneﬁt plans, but do receive additional beneﬁts under our deﬁned contribution plans. Plan beneﬁts are primarily based on years of credited service and the participant’s average eligible compensation. In addition to the U.S. and Puerto Rico deﬁned beneﬁt pension plans, we sponsor various non-U.S. pension arrangements, including retirement and termination beneﬁt plans required by local law or coordinated with government sponsored plans. We also provide comprehensive medical and group life insurance beneﬁts to certain U.S. and Puerto Rico eligible retirees who elect to participate in our comprehensive medical and group life plans. The medical plan is contributory, and the life insurance plan is non-contributory. No similar plans exist for employees outside the U.S. and Puerto Rico. Employees hired after September 2, 2002, are not eligible for retiree medical and life insurance beneﬁts. We use a December 31 measurement date for our beneﬁt plans. Prepaid pension Other assets Short-term accrued beneﬁt liability Long-term accrued beneﬁt liability Accumulated other comprehensive income Deﬁned Beneﬁt Plans We adopted SFAS 158 (see Note 2 – Accounting Pronouncements) as of December 31, 2006. The adoption of SFAS 158 had the following effects on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2006 as we recognized the funded status of our deﬁned beneﬁt and postretirement beneﬁt plans with a corresponding adjustment to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income: Prior to Additional Minimum Liability Adjustment and SFAS 158 Adoption Additional Minimum Liability Adjustments SFAS 158 Adjustments Post SFAS 158 $ 21.1 173.8 (10.5) (34.8) 3.0 $ 3.0 $(23.0) $ 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.1 8.9 192.9 (1.6) (40.2) (75.0) (3.0) 35.4 35.4 The components of net pension expense for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 for our deﬁned beneﬁt retirement plans are as follows (in millions): Service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Amortization of prior service cost Amortization of unrecognized actuarial loss U.S. and Puerto Rico 2006 $13.1 7.4 (8.2) – 3.7 2005 $11.4 5.6 (6.4) (0.1) 2.1 2004 $ 9.7 4.2 (4.8) (0.1) 0.9 2006 $10.2 4.8 (6.6) 0.1 0.2 Non-U.S. 2005 $ 8.7 4.9 (6.0) – 0.6 2004 $ 9.6 4.8 (5.8) 0.4 0.6 Net periodic beneﬁt cost $16.0 $12.6 $ 9.9 $ 8.7 $ 8.2 $ 9.6 55 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) The weighted average actuarial assumptions used to determine net pension expense for our deﬁned beneﬁt retirement plans were as follows: Discount rate Rate of compensation increase Expected long-term return on plan assets U.S. and Puerto Rico 2006 5.84% 3.84% 8.25% 2005 6.25% 3.82% 8.50% 2004 6.75% 3.60% 8.75% 2006 3.20% 2.27% 4.70% Non-U.S. 2005 3.78% 2.28% 4.77% 2004 3.81% 1.57% 4.83% The expected long-term rates of return on plan assets is based on the period expected beneﬁts will be paid and the historical rates of return on the different asset classes held in the plans. The expected long-term rate of return is the weighted average of the target asset allocation of each individual asset class. We believe that historical asset results approximate expected market returns applicable to the funding of a long-term beneﬁt obligation. Discount rates were determined for each of our deﬁned beneﬁt retirement plans at their measurement date to reﬂect the yield of a portfolio of high quality bonds matched against the timing and amounts of projected future beneﬁt payments. Changes in projected beneﬁt obligations and plan assets, for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 for our deﬁned beneﬁt retirement plans, were (in millions): U.S. and Puerto Rico Non-U.S. Projected beneﬁt obligation – beginning of year Plan amendments Service cost Interest cost Employee contributions Beneﬁts paid Actuarial (gain) loss Translation (gain) loss Projected beneﬁt obligation – end of year Plan assets at fair market value – beginning of year Actual return on plan assets Company contributions Employee contributions Beneﬁts paid Expenses Translation gain (loss) 2006 $130.4 0.6 13.1 7.4 – (1.5) (5.8) – $144.2 $ 85.6 11.2 20.0 – (1.5) – – 2005 $ 89.2 0.2 11.4 5.6 – (0.8) 24.8 – $130.4 $ 66.1 3.4 17.4 – (0.8) (0.5) – 2006 $146.5 – 10.2 4.8 10.4 (17.3) 1.5 11.8 $167.9 $135.7 10.5 9.9 10.4 (17.3) – 10.5 2005 $143.0 (0.3) 8.7 4.9 9.8 (14.2) 13.6 (19.0) $146.5 $137.2 11.4 9.8 9.8 (14.2) – (18.3) Plan assets at fair market value – end of year $115.3 $ 85.6 $159.7 $135.7 Funded status Unrecognized prior service cost Unrecognized actuarial loss Net amount recognized Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheet: Prepaid pension Short-term accrued beneﬁt liability Long-term accrued beneﬁt liability Accumulated other comprehensive income: Minimum pension liability Unrecognized prior service cost Unrecognized actuarial loss Net amount recognized 56 $(28.9) $(44.8) $ (8.1) $(10.8) (0.3) 52.6 $ 7.5 $ 12.2 – (6.2) 1.5 – – $ – – (8.1) – – 7.3 – 9.3 $ (1.5) $ 4.6 – (6.1) – – – $ 1.1 (0.7) (29.3) – 0.2 39.8 $ 11.1 $ 7.5 $ (0.8) $ (1.5) Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) We estimate the following amounts recorded as part of accumulated other comprehensive income will be recognized as part of our net pension expense during 2007: Unrecognized prior service cost Unrecognized actuarial loss U.S. and Puerto Rico $ – 2.9 $2.9 Non-U.S. $(0.1) 0.4 $ 0.3 The weighted average actuarial assumptions used to determine the projected beneﬁt obligation for our deﬁned beneﬁt retirement plans were as follows: Discount rate Rate of compensation increase U.S. and Puerto Rico 2006 6.14% 3.84% 2005 5.84% 3.82% 2004 6.25% 3.84% 2006 3.23% 2.28% Non-U.S. 2005 3.15% 2.27% 2004 3.75% 2.22% Plans with projected beneﬁt obligations in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 were as follows (in millions): Beneﬁt obligation Plan assets at fair market value U.S. and Puerto Rico Non-U.S. 2006 $136.8 106.7 2005 $122.6 77.3 2006 $152.0 140.3 2005 $131.6 118.1 Plans with accumulated beneﬁt obligations in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 were as follows (in millions): Accumulated beneﬁt obligation Plan assets at fair market value U.S. and Puerto Rico Non-U.S. 2006 $9.2 – 2005 $7.1 – 2006 $22.6 18.3 2005 $16.9 13.2 The accumulated beneﬁt obligation for U.S. and Puerto Our weighted-average asset allocations at December 31, Rico deﬁned beneﬁt retirement pension plans was $94.5 million and $80.3 million as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The accumulated beneﬁt obligation for non-U.S. deﬁned beneﬁt retirement plans was $150.3 million and $131.8 million as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The beneﬁts expected to be paid out in each of the next ﬁve years and for the ﬁve years combined thereafter are as follows (in millions): For the Years Ending December 31, 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 – 2016 U.S. and Puerto Rico $ 2.4 2.7 3.5 4.2 5.7 46.4 Non-U.S. $10.9 11.6 13.1 12.4 10.5 58.6 2006 and 2005, by asset category are as follows: Asset Category Equity Securities Debt Securities Real Estate Cash Funds Other Total U.S. and Puerto Rico Non-U.S. 2006 2005 2006 2005 65% 35 – – – 65% 35 – – – 34% 38 15 4 9 35% 38 14 5 8 100% 100% 100% 100% The U.S. and Puerto Rico deﬁned beneﬁt retirement plans’ overall investment strategy is to maximize total returns by emphasizing long-term growth of capital while avoiding risk. We have established target ranges of assets held by the plans of 50 to 75 percent for equity securities and 25 to 50 percent for debt securities. The plans strive to have sufﬁciently diversiﬁed assets so that adverse or unexpected results from one asset class will not have an unduly detrimental impact on the entire portfolio. The investments in the plans are rebalanced quarterly based upon the target asset allocation of the plans. The investment strategies of non-U.S. based plans vary according to the plan provisions and local laws. The majority 57 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) of the assets in non-U.S. based plans are located in Switzerland based plans. These assets are held in trusts and are commingled with the assets of other Swiss companies, with representatives of all the companies making the investment decisions. The overall strategy is to maximize total returns while avoiding risk. The trustees of the assets have established target ranges of assets held by the plans of 30 to 50 percent in debt securities, 20 to 37 percent in equity securities, 15 to 24 percent in real estate, 3 to 15 percent in cash funds and 0 to 12 percent in other funds. As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, our deﬁned beneﬁt pension plans’ assets did not hold any direct investment in Zimmer Holdings common stock. We expect that we will have no minimum funding requirements by law in 2007 for the U.S. and Puerto Rico deﬁned beneﬁt retirement plans. However, we expect to voluntarily contribute between $26 million to $28 million to these plans during 2007. Contributions to non-U.S. deﬁned beneﬁt plans are estimated to be approximately $12 million in 2007. We do not expect the plan assets in any of our plans to be returned to us in the next year. Deﬁned Contribution Plans We also sponsor deﬁned contribution plans for substantially all of the U.S. and Puerto Rico employees and certain employees in other countries. The beneﬁts of these plans relate to local customs and practices in the countries concerned. We expensed $12.6 million, $11.3 million and $6.4 million related to these plans for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Postretirement Beneﬁt Plans The components of net periodic expense for the year Changes in beneﬁt obligations for our postretirement beneﬁt plans were (in millions): December 31, Beneﬁt obligation – beginning of year Plan amendments Service cost Interest cost Employee contributions Beneﬁts paid Actuarial (gain) loss Beneﬁt obligation – end of year Funded status Unrecognized prior service cost Unrecognized actuarial loss Net amount recognized Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheet: Short-term accrued beneﬁt liability Long-term accrued beneﬁt liability Accumulated other comprehensive income: Unrecognized prior service cost Unrecognized actuarial loss Net amount recognized 2006 2005 $ 39.8 (3.6) 1.6 2.2 0.1 (0.6) (1.0) $ 31.2 – 1.6 2.0 – (0.5) 5.5 $ 38.5 $ 39.8 $(38.5) (3.3) 10.5 $(39.8) (0.1) 12.2 $(31.3) $(27.7) $ (0.9) (37.6) $ – (27.7) (3.3) 10.5 – – $(31.3) $(27.7) A one percentage point change in the assumed health care cost trend rates would have no signiﬁcant effect on the service and interest cost components of net postretirement beneﬁt expense and the accumulated postretirement beneﬁt obligation. The effect of a change in the healthcare cost trend rate is tempered by an annual cap that limits medical costs we pay. We estimate the following amounts recorded as part of accumulated other comprehensive income will be recognized as part of our net pension expense during 2007: ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 for our unfunded postretirement beneﬁt plans are as follows (in millions): Unrecognized prior service cost Unrecognized actuarial loss $(0.4) 0.7 $ 0.3 December 31, Service cost Interest cost Amortization of unrecognized actuarial loss Net periodic beneﬁt cost 2006 2005 2004 $ 1.6 2.2 0.4 $ 4.2 $ 1.6 2.0 0.3 $ 3.9 $ 1.4 1.7 0.2 $ 3.3 The beneﬁts expected to be paid out in each of the next ﬁve years and for the ﬁve years combined thereafter are as follows (in millions): For the Years Ending December 31, The weighted average actuarial assumptions used in accounting for our postretirement beneﬁt plans were as follows: December 31, 2006 Discount rate – Beneﬁt obligation Discount rate – Net periodic beneﬁt cost Initial health care cost trend rate Ultimate health care cost trend rate First year of ultimate trend rate 2005 2004 6.14% 5.84% 8.50% 5.00% 2014 5.84% 6.25% 9.00% 5.00% 2014 6.25% 6.75% 9.50% 5.00% 2014 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 – 2016 $ 0.9 1.6 2.0 2.5 2.9 17.9 58 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) 11. Income Taxes The components of earnings before taxes consist of the following (in millions): United States operations Foreign operations Total 2006 2005 2004 $ 727.3 441.7 $ 706.5 334.2 $385.7 345.8 $1,169.0 $1,040.7 $731.5 The provision for income taxes consists of (in millions): Current: Federal State Foreign Deferred: Federal State Foreign $ 178.5 22.2 89.5 $ 150.5 22.7 80.3 $122.7 17.1 114.9 290.2 253.5 254.7 31.7 5.0 7.1 43.8 63.0 – (9.2) 53.8 (20.2) (9.6) (35.3) (65.1) $ 334.0 $ 307.3 $189.6 Income taxes paid during 2006, 2005 and 2004 were $257.6 million, $189.2 million and $143.3 million, respectively. A reconciliation of the U.S. statutory income tax rate to our effective tax rate is as follows: 2006 2005 2004 The components of deferred taxes consisted of the following (in millions): Deferred tax assets: Inventory Fixed assets Net operating loss carryover Tax credit carryover Capital loss carryover Accrued liabilities Share-based compensation Other Total deferred tax assets Less: Valuation allowances Total deferred tax assets after valuation Deferred tax liabilities: Fixed assets Intangible assets Accrued liabilities Other Total deferred tax liabilities Total net deferred tax assets 2006 2005 $ 114.7 1.8 138.6 88.4 1.7 95.3 21.4 57.3 $ 102.9 7.1 214.8 87.2 11.2 111.3 – 32.5 519.2 (35.5) 483.7 567.0 (57.5) 509.5 $ (26.9) (167.7) (5.4) (0.9) $ (30.0) (174.5) (0.3) (4.9) (200.9) (209.7) $ 282.8 $ 299.8 U.S. statutory income tax rate State taxes, net of federal deduction Foreign income taxes at rates different from the U.S. statutory rate, net of foreign tax credits Tax beneﬁt from decreased deferred taxes of acquired Centerpulse operations; due to Swiss tax rate reduction Tax beneﬁt relating to operations in Puerto Rico Tax beneﬁt relating to U.S. export sales R&D credit Non-deductible expenses Other 35.0% 35.0% 35.0% 0.9 0.7 1.3 (4.3) (3.9) (2.3) – – (4.7) (2.0) (1.2) (0.1) 0.1 (0.2) (1.3) (0.8) (0.5) 0.1 – (1.7) (1.3) (0.7) 0.6 0.3 Effective income tax rate 28.6% 29.5% 25.9% During 2004, our tax provision included a deferred tax beneﬁt of $34.5 million as a result of revaluing deferred taxes of acquired Centerpulse operations due to a reduction in the ongoing Swiss tax rate (from approximately 24 percent to 12.5 percent). Deferred income taxes reﬂect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for ﬁnancial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. We have established valuation allowances for deferred tax assets when the amount of expected future taxable income is not likely to support the use of the deduction or credit. 59 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) The vast majority of the net operating loss carryover is available to reduce future federal and state taxable earnings. At December 31, 2006, these net operating loss carryovers generally expire within a period of 1 to 17 years. Valuation allowances for net operating loss carryovers have been established in the amount of $10.4 million and $22.4 million at December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively. The tax credit carryovers are entirely available to offset future federal and state tax liabilities. At December 31, 2006, these tax credit carryovers generally expire within a period of 1 to 16 years. We have established valuation allowances for certain tax credit carryovers in the amount of $15.0 million and $11.3 million at December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively. The capital loss carryover is also available to reduce future federal taxable earnings; however, the entire capital loss carryover is subject to a valuation allowance and expires in 3 years. The remaining valuation allowances of $8.4 million and $12.6 million at December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, relate to other deferred tax positions. We have established valuation allowances related to certain business combination transactions that, if not ultimately required, will result in a reduction of goodwill. These allowances were approximately $29.0 million and $55.0 million at December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively. We have a long term tax liability of $102.1 million at December 31, 2006 for expected settlement of various federal, state and foreign income tax liabilities that is reﬂected net of the corollary tax impacts of these expected settlements. This long term tax liability includes reserves for uncertain tax positions of $70.3 million pertaining to certain business combination transactions. Realization of tax beneﬁts related to the $70.3 million shall be applied to reduce goodwill related to these business combination transactions, and as such would have no impact to the effective income tax rate upon settlement. The long term tax liability was reduced by $48.0 million from the December 31, 2005 balance of $150.1 million. The primary reason for this reduction is the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations. At December 31, 2006, we had an aggregate of approximately $313 million of unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries that have been, or are intended to be, permanently reinvested for continued use in foreign operations. If the total undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries were remitted, a signiﬁcant amount of the additional tax would be offset by the allowable foreign tax credits. It is impractical for us to determine the additional tax of remitting these earnings. 12. CAPITAL STOCK AND EARNINGS PER SHARE We have 2 million shares of Series A Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock authorized for issuance, none of which were outstanding as of December 31, 2006. 60 The numerator for both basic and diluted earnings per share is net earnings available to common stockholders. The denominator for basic earnings per share is the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The denominator for diluted earnings per share is weighted average shares outstanding adjusted for the effect of dilutive stock options and other equity awards. The following is a reconciliation of weighted average shares for the basic and diluted share computations for the years ending December 31 (in millions): Weighted average shares outstanding for basic net earnings per share Effect of dilutive stock options Weighted average shares outstanding for 2006 2005 2004 243.0 2.4 247.1 2.7 244.4 3.4 diluted net earnings per share 245.4 249.8 247.8 For the year ended December 31, 2006, an average of 7.6 million options to purchase shares of common stock were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as the exercise prices of these options were greater than the average market price of the common stock. For the year ended December 31, 2005, an average of 2.9 million options to purchase shares of common stock were not included. There were no anti-dilutive options excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2004. In December 2005, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $1 billion through December 31, 2007. In December 2006, our Board of Directors authorized an additional stock repurchase program of up to $1 billion through December 31, 2008. As of December 31, 2006 we had acquired approximately 12,145,800 shares at a cost of $802.9 million. 13. SEGMENT DATA We design, develop, manufacture and market reconstructive orthopaedic implants, including joint and dental, spinal implants, trauma products and related orthopaedic surgical products which include surgical supplies and instruments designed to aid in orthopaedic surgical procedures and post-operation rehabilitation. We also provide hospital-focused consulting services to help member institutions design, implement and manage successful orthopaedic programs of distinction. We manage operations through three major geographic segments – the Americas, which is comprised principally of the United States and includes other North, Central and South American markets; Europe, which is comprised principally of Europe and includes the Middle East and Africa; and Asia Paciﬁc, which is comprised primarily of Japan and includes other Asian and Paciﬁc markets. This structure is the basis for our reportable segment information discussed below. Management evaluates operating segment performance based upon segment operating proﬁt exclusive of operating expenses pertaining to Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) global operations and corporate expenses, share-based compensation expense, acquisition, integration and other expenses, inventory step-up, in-process research and development write-offs and intangible asset amortization expense. Global operations include research, development engineering, medical education, brand management, corporate legal, ﬁnance, and human resource functions, and U.S. and Puerto Rico based manufacturing operations and logistics. Intercompany transactions have been eliminated from segment operating proﬁt. Management reviews accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets by reportable segment exclusive of U.S. and Puerto Rico based manufacturing operations and logistics and corporate assets. Net sales, segment operating proﬁt and year-end assets are as follows (in millions): Net Sales Operating Proﬁt Year-End Assets 2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 $2,076.5 931.1 487.8 $1,941.8 874.8 469.5 $1,741.3 808.3 431.3 $1,101.7 387.3 231.5 $1,020.8 317.9 212.4 $ 893.1 283.9 182.3 $2,444.9 1,864.7 314.1 $2,408.6 1,695.4 290.5 $3,495.4 $3,286.1 $2,980.9 Americas Europe Asia Paciﬁc Net sales Share-based payment expense Inventory step-up Acquisition and integration Global operations and corporate functions Operating proﬁt Total assets U.S. sales were $1,962.5 million, $1,845.6 million and $1,664.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Sales to any individual country outside of the U.S. were not signiﬁcant. Sales are attributable to a country based upon the customer’s country of domicile. Net sales by product category are as follows (in millions): Reconstructive implants Knees Hips Dental Extremities Total Trauma Spine Orthopaedic surgical products and other Total 2006 2005 2004 $1,461.5 1,189.4 179.0 77.6 2,907.5 194.7 177.4 $1,366.2 1,140.6 148.1 66.1 2,721.0 179.8 160.4 $ 1,194.5 1,079.0 124.7 58.1 2,456.3 172.9 134.2 215.8 224.9 217.5 $3,495.4 $3,286.1 $2,980.9 Long-lived tangible assets as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 are as follows: Americas Europe Asia Paciﬁc 2006 $558.5 203.6 45.0 2005 $ 501.3 172.9 34.6 $807.1 $708.8 The Americas long-lived tangible assets are located primarily in the U.S. Approximately $183.8 million of Europe long-lived tangible assets are located in Switzerland. (74.8) – (6.1) – (5.0) (56.6) – (59.4) (81.1) (474.4) (434.5) (455.6) 1,350.7 1,327.4 $1,165.2 $1,055.0 $ 763.2 $5,974.4 $5,721.9 Capital expenditures by operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 were as follows (in millions): 2006 2005 2004 Americas Additions to other property, plant and equipment Europe Additions to instruments Additions to other property, plant and equipment Asia Paciﬁc Additions to instruments Additions to other property, plant and equipment Global operations and corporate functions Additions to instruments Additions to other property, plant $ 0.7 $ 0.7 $ 0.3 20.0 8.3 14.0 25.9 20.0 24.4 1.7 2.5 2.4 1.0 1.4 3.2 104.5 139.3 124.2 and equipment 113.0 83.6 72.9 For segment reporting purposes, deployed instruments are included in the measurement of operating segment assets while undeployed instruments at U.S. and Puerto Rico based manufacturing operations and logistics are included in global operations and corporate functions. The majority of instruments are purchased by U.S. and Puerto Rico based manufacturing operations and logistics and are deployed to the operating segments as needed for the business. 61 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) Depreciation and amortization used in determining operating segment proﬁt for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 was as follows (in millions): Americas Europe Asia Paciﬁc Global operations and corporate functions 2006 2005 2004 $ 56.7 46.5 18.7 $ 51.0 40.8 14.8 $ 45.9 45.5 12.3 75.5 79.1 77.6 $197.4 $185.7 $181.3 14. LEASES Future minimum rental commitments under non- cancelable operating leases in effect as of December 31, 2006 were $24.2 million for 2007, $20.1 million for 2008, $14.3 million for 2009, $11.6 million for 2010, $9.0 million for 2011 and $25.1 million thereafter. Total rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 aggregated $26.7 million, $27.9 million and $24.2 million, respectively. 15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES As a result of the Centerpulse transaction, we acquired the entity involved in Centerpulse’s hip and knee implant litigation matter. The litigation was a result of a voluntary recall of certain hip and knee implants manufactured and sold by Centerpulse. On March 13, 2002, a U.S. Class Action Settlement Agreement (‘‘Settlement Agreement’’) was entered into by Centerpulse that resolved U.S. claims related to the affected products and a settlement trust (‘‘Settlement Trust’’) was established and funded for the most part by Centerpulse. The court approved the settlement arrangement on May 8, 2002. Under the terms of the Settlement Agreement, we will reimburse the Settlement Trust a speciﬁed amount for each revision surgery over 4,000 and revisions on reprocessed shells over 64. As of January 4, 2007, the claims administrator has received 4,133 likely valid claims for hips (cut-off date June 5, 2003) and knees (cut-off date November 17, 2003) and 200 claims for reprocessed shells (cut-off date September 8, 2004). We believe the litigation liability recorded as of December 31, 2006 is adequate to provide for any future claims regarding the hip and knee implant litigation. On February 15, 2005, Howmedica Osteonics Corp. (‘‘Howmedica’’) ﬁled an action against us and an unrelated party in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey alleging infringement by the defendants of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,174,934; 6,372,814; 6,664,308; and 6,818,020. Howmedica’s complaint seeks unspeciﬁed damages and injunctive relief. On April 14, 2005, we ﬁled our answer to the complaint denying Howmedica’s allegations. Discovery is ongoing. We believe that our defenses are valid and meritorious and we intend to defend the Howmedica lawsuit vigorously. We are also subject to product liability and other claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business, for 62 which we maintain insurance, subject to self-insured retention limits. We establish accruals for product liability and other claims in conjunction with outside counsel based on current information and historical settlement information for open claims, related fees and for claims incurred but not reported. While it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these cases, it is the opinion of management that, upon ultimate resolution, these cases will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated ﬁnancial position, results of operations or cash ﬂows. In July 2003, the Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission informed Centerpulse that it was conducting an informal investigation of Centerpulse relating to certain accounting issues. We are continuing to fully cooperate with the Securities and Exchange Commission in this matter. In March 2005, we received a subpoena and we have received supplemental requests since that time from the United States Department of Justice through the United States Attorney’s Ofﬁce in Newark, New Jersey, requesting that we produce documents and related information for the period beginning January 1998 pertaining to consulting contracts, professional service agreements and other agreements by which we may provide remuneration to orthopaedic surgeons, including research and other grant agreements. We are cooperating fully with federal authorities with regard to this matter. We understand that similar inquiries were directed to at least four other companies in the orthopaedics industry. In June 2006, we received a subpoena from the United States Department of Justice, Antitrust Division, requesting that we produce documents for the period beginning January 2001 through June 2006, pertaining to an investigation of possible violations of federal criminal law, including possible violations of the antitrust laws, involving the manufacture and sale of orthopaedic implant devices. We are cooperating fully with federal authorities with regard to this matter. We understand that similar inquiries were directed to at least four other companies in the orthopaedics industry. Following the commencement of the Department of Justice, Antitrust Division’s investigation, we and several other major orthopaedic manufacturers were named as defendants in six putative class action lawsuits as of December 31, 2006. These lawsuits were brought by direct and indirect purchasers of orthopaedic products alleging violations of Federal and state antitrust laws and certain state consumer protection statutes. In each of these lawsuits, the plaintiffs allege that the defendants engaged in a conspiracy to ﬁx prices of orthopaedic implant devices. The direct purchaser cases, South Central Surgical Center, LLC v. Zimmer Holdings, Inc. et al. and Chaiken DDS, P.C. v. Biomet, Inc. et al., were ﬁled in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana on July 13, 2006 and in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana on July 26, 2006, respectively. The indirect purchaser cases, Morganti v. Johnson & Johnson et al., Thomas v. Biomet, Inc. et al., Kirschner v. Biomet, Inc. Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) et al. and Williams v. Biomet, Inc. et al., were ﬁled in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey on July 19, 2006 and in the United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee on July 18, 2006, July 24, 2006 and July 27, 2006, respectively. On December 29, 2006, the plaintiff in Morganti v. Johnson & Johnson et al. ﬁled a letter with the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey advising that plaintiff was voluntarily withdrawing her complaint and had no objection to the court entering an order dismissing the complaint without prejudice. On January 12, 2007, we and the other defendants in the ﬁve remaining cases delivered a Motion for Transfer and Consolidation of Pretrial Proceedings under 28 U.S.C. §1407 to the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation, requesting the court to transfer the cases to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana for coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings. The motion was ﬁled by the Panel on January 18, 2007. The plaintiffs did not oppose a stay of proceedings pending resolution of this motion. On January 15, 2007, the plaintiff in Thomas v. Biomet, Inc. et al. ﬁled a Notice of Voluntary Dismissal Without Prejudice in the United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee. In each of the four remaining cases, the plaintiffs seek damages of unspeciﬁed amounts, in some cases to be trebled under applicable law, attorneys’ fees and injunctive or other unspeciﬁed relief. We believe these lawsuits are without merit and we intend to defend them vigorously. 16. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) (in millions, except per share data) Net sales Gross proﬁt Net earnings Net earnings per common share Basic Diluted 2006 Quarter Ended 2005 Quarter Ended Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec $860.4 671.0 205.6 $881.6 681.6 200.9 $819.8 636.6 183.3 $933.6 726.1 244.7 $828.5 638.2 173.6 $846.8 658.0 190.7 $762.5 588.0 168.6 $848.3 662.5 199.6 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.81 0.76 0.76 1.03 1.02 0.71 0.70 0.77 0.76 0.68 0.67 0.81 0.80 17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS On February 9, 2007, we announced the agreement to acquire Endius, Inc., a privately-held Massachusetts company, in a cash transaction. Under the agreement, Endius will become a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. We expect the transaction to close in the second quarter of 2007. 63 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T ITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures We have established disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over ﬁnancial reporting to provide reasonable assurance that material information relating to us, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known on a timely basis to management and the Board of Directors. However, no control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Ofﬁcer and Chief Financial Ofﬁcer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as deﬁned in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Ofﬁcer and Chief Financial Ofﬁcer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report are effective. There was no change in our internal control over ﬁnancial reporting (as deﬁned in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2006, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over ﬁnancial reporting. Management’s report on internal control over ﬁnancial statement reporting appears in this report at the conclusion of Part II, Item 7A. ITEM 9B. Other Information During the fourth quarter of 2006, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors was not asked to and did not approve the engagement of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent registered public accounting ﬁrm, to perform any non-audit services. This disclosure is made pursuant to Section 10A(i)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as added by Section 202 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 64 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . PART III 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Ofﬁcers and Corporate Governance The information required by this Item concerning our directors and executive ofﬁcers is incorporated herein by reference from our deﬁnitive Proxy Statement for our 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders which will be ﬁled with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of our most recent ﬁscal year and the information included under the caption ‘‘Executive Ofﬁcers’’ in Part I of this report. ITEM 11. Executive Compensation The information required by this Item concerning remuneration of our ofﬁcers and directors and information concerning material transactions involving such ofﬁcers and directors is incorporated herein by reference from our deﬁnitive Proxy Statement for our 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders which will be ﬁled with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of our most recent ﬁscal year. ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneﬁcial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required by this Item concerning the stock ownership of management and ﬁve percent beneﬁcial owners and related stockholder matters, including equity compensation plan information, is incorporated herein by reference from our deﬁnitive Proxy Statement for our 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders which will be ﬁled with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of our most recent ﬁscal year. ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required by this Item concerning certain relationships and related transactions is incorporated herein by reference from our deﬁnitive Proxy Statement for our 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders which will be ﬁled with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of our most recent ﬁscal year. ITEM 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services The information required by this Item concerning principal accounting fees and services is incorporated herein by reference from our deﬁnitive Proxy Statement for our 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders which will be ﬁled with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of our most recent ﬁscal year. 65 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . PART IV ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a) 1. Financial Statements 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T The following consolidated ﬁnancial statements of Zimmer Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries are set forth in Part II, Item 8. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 2. Financial Statement Schedules Schedule II. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Other ﬁnancial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the ﬁnancial statements or the notes thereto. 3. Exhibits A list of exhibits required to be ﬁled as part of this report is set forth in the Index to Exhibits, which immediately precedes such exhibits, and is incorporated herein by reference. 66 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . Signatures 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. ZIMMER HOLDINGS, INC. By: /s/ J. RAYMOND ELLIOTT J. Raymond Elliott Chairman of the Board President and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer Dated: February 27, 2007 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/ J. RAYMOND ELLIOTT J. Raymond Elliott Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive Ofﬁcer and Director (Principal Executive Ofﬁcer) February 27, 2007 /s/ SAM R. LENO Sam R. Leno /s/ JAMES T. CRINES James T. Crines Executive Vice President, Finance and Corporate Services and Chief Financial Ofﬁcer (Principal Financial Ofﬁcer) February 27, 2007 Senior Vice President, Finance, Operations and Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Ofﬁcer (Principal Accounting Ofﬁcer) February 27, 2007 /s/ STUART M. ESSIG Director February 27, 2007 Stuart M. Essig /s/ LARRY C. GLASSCOCK Director February 27, 2007 Larry C. Glasscock /s/ ARTHUR J. HIGGINS Director February 27, 2007 Arthur J. Higgins /s/ JOHN L. MCGOLDRICK Director February 27, 2007 John L. McGoldrick /s/ AUGUSTUS A. WHITE, III Director February 27, 2007 Augustus A. White, III 67 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . Index to Exhibits Exhibit No Description 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Restated Certiﬁcate of Incorporation of Zimmer Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 13, 2001) Certiﬁcate of Designations of Series A Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock of Zimmer Holdings, Inc., dated as of August 6, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 13, 2001) Restated By-Laws of Zimmer Holdings, Inc., together with Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2 to the Restated By-Laws of Zimmer Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ﬁled November 8, 2006) Specimen Common Stock certiﬁcate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 ﬁled January 20, 2006) Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Registrant’s deﬁnitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A dated March 24, 2003) First Amendment to the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled December 15, 2005) Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled December 13, 2006) Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Executive Performance Incentive Plan, effective August 6, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the Registrant’s deﬁnitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A dated March 24, 2003) Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Supplemental Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 5, 2004) Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors, effective August 6, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 6, 2001) First Amendment to the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled December 15, 2005) Restated Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors, effective January 1, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled December 15, 2005) Restated Zimmer, Inc. Long-Term Disability Income Plan for Highly Compensated Employees Employment Agreement with J. Raymond Elliott (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled November 20, 2006) Change in Control Severance Agreement with J. Raymond Elliott (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated May 8, 2002) Change in Control Severance Agreement with Sam R. Leno, Bruno A. Melzi and David C. Dvorak (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated May 8, 2002) Change in Control Severance Agreement with Sheryl L. Conley (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 8, 2003) Change in Control Severance Agreement with Jon E. Kramer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated November 8, 2004) Change in Control Severance Agreement with James T. Crines (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated May 8, 2002) Change in Control Severance Agreement with Cheryl R. Blanchard (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 9, 2005) Change in Control Severance Agreement with Stephen Hong Liang, Ooi (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K ﬁled March 12, 2003) Beneﬁt Equalization Plan of Zimmer Holdings, Inc. and Its Subsidiary or Afﬁliated Corporations Participating in the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Savings and Investment Program (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 9, 2005) Beneﬁt Equalization Plan of Zimmer Holdings, Inc. and Its Subsidiary or Afﬁliated Corporations Participating in the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Retirement Income Plan or the Zimmer Puerto Rico Retirement Income Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 9, 2005) 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 10.1* 10.2* 10.3* 10.4* 10.5* 10.6* 10.7* 10.8* 10.9* 10.10* 10.11* 10.12* 10.13* 10.14* 10.15* 10.16* 10.17* 10.18* 10.19* 68 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . Index to Exhibits (Continued) Exhibit No Description 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T 10.20* 10.21* 10.22* 10.23* 10.24* 10.25* 10.26* 10.27* 10.28* 10.29* 10.30* 10.31* 10.32* 10.33* 10.34* 10.35* First Amendment of Beneﬁt Equalization Plan of Zimmer Holdings, Inc. and Its Subsidiary or Afﬁliate Corporations Participating in the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Retirement Income Plan or the Zimmer Puerto Rico Retirement Income Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 9, 2005) Second Amendment of Beneﬁt Equalization Plan of Zimmer Holdings, Inc. and its Subsidiary or Afﬁliate Corporations Participating in the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Retirement Income Plan or the Zimmer Puerto Rico Retirement Income Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled May 4, 2006) Form of Non-Disclosure, Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Employment Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled March 27, 2006) Non-Disclosure, Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Employment Agreement with Stephen Hong Liang, Ooi (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled March 27, 2006) Conﬁdentiality, Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreement with Bruno A. Melzi (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled March 27, 2006) Form of Nonqualiﬁed Stock Option Award Letter under the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 11, 2006) Form of Restricted Stock Award Letter under the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 12, 2005) Form of Nonqualiﬁed Performance-Conditioned Stock Option Grant Award Letter under the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled January 21, 2005) Form of Performance Share Award Letter under the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 11, 2006) Form of Performance Share Award Letter under the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (for Non-U.S. employees) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 11, 2006) Form of Nonqualiﬁed Stock Option Award Letter under the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled April 5, 2005) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Letter under the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled February 21, 2006) Form of Nonqualiﬁed Stock Option Award Letter under the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled December 13, 2006) Form of Nonqualiﬁed Stock Option Award Letter for Non-U.S. Employees under the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled December 13, 2006) Form of Restricted Stock Award Letter under the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled December 13, 2006) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Letter for Non-U.S. Employees under the Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled December 13, 2006) 10.36* Summary Compensation Sheet 10.37 $1,350,000,000 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of March 31, 2005 among Zimmer Holdings, Inc., Zimmer, Inc., Zimmer K.K., Zimmer Ltd., Zimmer Switzerland Holdings Ltd., Zimmer Investment Luxembourg S.C.A., Zimmer GmbH, the borrowing subsidiaries, the subsidiary guarantors, the lenders named therein, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as general administrative agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Tokyo Branch, as Japanese Administrative Agent, and J.P. Morgan Europe Limited, as European Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K ﬁled April 5, 2005) 69 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . Index to Exhibits (Continued) Exhibit No Description 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T 10.38 21 23 31.1 31.2 32 Amendment No. 1 dated as of April 15, 2005 to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of March 31, 2005 among Zimmer Holdings, Inc., Zimmer, Inc., Zimmer K.K., Zimmer Ltd., Zimmer Switzerland Holdings Ltd., Zimmer Investment Luxembourg S.C.A., Zimmer GmbH, the borrowing subsidiaries, the subsidiary guarantors, the lenders named therein, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as general administrative agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Tokyo Branch, as Japanese Administrative Agent, and J.P. Morgan Europe Limited, as European Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K ﬁled March 2, 2006) List of Subsidiaries of Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Certiﬁcation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 of the Chief Executive Ofﬁcer, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certiﬁcation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 of the Chief Financial Ofﬁcer, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certiﬁcation pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 99.1 Annual CEO Certiﬁcation ﬁled with the New York Stock Exchange on May 24, 2006 * indicates management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements 70 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Description Doubtful Accounts: Year Ended December 31, 2004 Year Ended December 31, 2005 Year Ended December 31, 2006 Excess and Obsolete Inventory: Year Ended December 31, 2004 Year Ended December 31, 2005 Year Ended December 31, 2006 Excess and Obsolete Instruments: Year Ended December 31, 2004 Year Ended December 31, 2005 Year Ended December 31, 2006 Schedule II (in millions) Balance at Beginning of Period $ 29.5 28.4 23.3 $129.1 124.1 121.0 $ 35.7 36.4 37.7 Additions Charged (Credited) to Expense Deductions to Reserve Effects of Foreign Currency Balance Sheet Reclass* Balance at End of Period $ 4.9 (2.2) (3.2) $ (7.4) (1.5) (1.0) $ $ 1.4 (1.4) 1.3 – – – $ 28.4 23.3 20.4 $30.8 21.6 32.6 $ 1.9 10.0 8.3 $(14.1) (18.5) (26.0) $ 2.9 (6.2) 1.9 $(24.6) – – $124.1 121.0 129.5 $ (1.6) (7.8) (5.4) $ $ 0.4 (0.9) 0.1 – – – $ 36.4 37.7 40.7 * In 2004, a balance sheet reclassiﬁcation between gross inventory and the reserve for excess and obsolete inventory was recorded which had no effect on the net inventory balance. 71 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . Certiﬁcation 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Exhibit 31.1 Certiﬁcation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 I, J. Raymond Elliott, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Zimmer Holdings, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the ﬁnancial statements, and other ﬁnancial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the ﬁnancial condition, results of operations and cash ﬂows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying ofﬁcer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as deﬁned in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over ﬁnancial reporting (as deﬁned in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over ﬁnancial reporting, or caused such internal control over ﬁnancial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of ﬁnancial reporting and the preparation of ﬁnancial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over ﬁnancial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent ﬁscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth ﬁscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over ﬁnancial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying ofﬁcer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over ﬁnancial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors: a. All signiﬁcant deﬁciencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over ﬁnancial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report ﬁnancial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a signiﬁcant role in the registrant’s internal control over ﬁnancial reporting. Date: February 27, 2007 J. Raymond Elliott Chairman, President and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer 72 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . Certiﬁcation 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Exhibit 31.2 Certiﬁcation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 I, Sam R. Leno, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Zimmer Holdings, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the ﬁnancial statements, and other ﬁnancial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the ﬁnancial condition, results of operations and cash ﬂows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying ofﬁcer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as deﬁned in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over ﬁnancial reporting (as deﬁned in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over ﬁnancial reporting, or caused such internal control over ﬁnancial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of ﬁnancial reporting and the preparation of ﬁnancial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over ﬁnancial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent ﬁscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth ﬁscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over ﬁnancial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying ofﬁcer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over ﬁnancial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors: a. All signiﬁcant deﬁciencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over ﬁnancial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report ﬁnancial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a signiﬁcant role in the registrant’s internal control over ﬁnancial reporting. Date: February 27, 2007 Sam R. Leno Executive Vice President, Finance and Corporate Services and Chief Financial Ofﬁcer 73 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . Certiﬁcation 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Exhibit 32 Certiﬁcation pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of Zimmer Holdings, Inc. (the ‘‘Company’’) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2006 as ﬁled with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the ‘‘Report’’), each of the undersigned certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the ﬁnancial condition and results of operations of the Company. J. Raymond Elliott Chairman, President and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer February 27, 2007 Sam R. Leno Executive Vice President, Finance and Corporate Services and Chief Financial Ofﬁcer February 27, 2007 74 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . Certiﬁcation 2 0 0 6 F O R M 1 0 - K A N N U A L R E P O R T Exhibit 99.1 Domestic Company Section 303A Annual CEO Certiﬁcation As the Chief Executive Ofﬁcer of Zimmer Holdings, Inc. (‘‘Company’’), and as required by Section 303A.12(a) of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual, I hereby certify that as of the date hereof I am not aware of any violation by the Company of NYSE’s corporate governance listing standards, other than has been notiﬁed to the Exchange pursuant to Section 303A.12(b) and disclosed on Exhibit H to the Company’s Domestic Company Section 303A Annual Written Afﬁrmation. This certiﬁcation is without qualiﬁcation. By: Print Name: J. Raymond Elliott Title: Chairman, President and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer Date: May 24, 2006 75 Z I M M E R H O L D I N G S , I N C . Reconciliations Reconciliation of Operating Proﬁt to Adjusted Operating Proﬁt for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 Operating Proﬁt Acquisition, integration and other Inventory step-up Adjusted Operating Proﬁt (in millions, unaudited) For the Years Ended December 31, 2006 $1,165.2 6.1 — $1,171.3 2005 $1,055.0 56.6 5.0 $1,116.6 Reconciliation of Diluted EPS to Adjusted Diluted EPS for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 Diluted EPS Acquisition, integration and other Inventory step-up Taxes on acquisition, integration and other, inventory step-up and in-process research and development Tax beneﬁt from decreased deferred taxes of acquired Centerpulse operations due to Swiss tax rate reduction Adjusted Diluted EPS (unaudited) For the Years Ended December 31, 2006 $3.40 0.03 — 0.01 — $3.44 2005 $ 2.93 0.23 0.02 (0.08) — $ 3.10 2004 $763.2 81.1 59.4 $903.7 2004 $ 2.19 0.32 0.24 (0.20) (0.14) $ 2.41 76 corporate information board of directorS J. Raymond Elliott Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Zimmer Holdings, Inc. Stuart M. Essig President and Chief Executive Officer Integra LifeSciences Holdings Corporation Larry C. Glasscock Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer WellPoint, Inc. Arthur J. Higgins Chairman of the Board of Management of Bayer HealthCare AG officerS and key manaGement J. Raymond Elliott Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Cheryl R. Blanchard, Ph.D. Senior Vice President, Research and Development and Chief Scientific Officer Sheryl L. Conley Group President, Americas and Global Marketing and Chief Marketing Officer James T. Crines Senior Vice President, Finance, Operations and Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer David C. Dvorak Group President, Global Businesses and Chief Legal Officer Jon E. Kramer President, U.S. Sales corPorate Governance ISS Corporate Governance Quotient* (CGQ®) Index Ranking: 97.5 Industry Ranking: 100.0 Zimmer Holdings, Inc. outperformed 97.5 percent of the companies in the S&P 500 Index and 100 percent of the companies in the health care equipment and services group as of January 5, 2007. Chad F. Phipps Associate General Counsel and Corporate Secretary Renee P. Rogers, Ph.D. Vice President, Global Human Resources Richard C. Stair Vice President, Global Operations and Logistics John L. McGoldrick Senior Vice President, External Strategy Development International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Augustus A. White, III, M.D., Ph.D. Ellen and Melvin Gordon Professor of Medical Education, Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Former Master, Oliver Wendell Holmes Society, Harvard Medical School Sam R. Leno Executive Vice President, Finance and Corporate Services and Chief Financial Officer Bruno A. Melzi Chairman, Europe, Middle East and Africa Laura C. O’Donnell Chief Compliance Officer Stephen H. L. Ooi President, Asia Pacific Stockholder information Headquarters Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 345 East Main Street Warsaw, IN 46580, USA +15742676131 www.zimmer.com Stock Listing Zimmer is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the SWX Swiss Exchange under the symbol ZMH. Transfer Agent Communications concerning stock transfer requirements, loss of certificates and change of address should be directed to Zimmer’s Transfer Agent: The Bank of New York P.O. Box 11258 New York, NY 10286, USA +18885528493 (Domestic) +12128153700 (International) shareownersvcs@bankofny.com www.stockbny.com Investor Relations Zimmer invites stockholders, security analysts, portfolio managers and other interested parties to contact: Sean F. O’Hara Manager, Investor Relations +15743718032 sean.f.ohara@zimmer.com Sam R. Leno Executive Vice President, Finance and Corporate Services and Chief Financial Officer +15743724790 sam.leno@zimmer.com to obtain a free copy of Zimmer’s annual report on form 10-k, quarterly reports on form 10-Q, news releases, earnings releases, proxy statements, or to obtain Zimmer’s financial calendar, access sec filings, listen to earnings calls, or to look up Zimmer stock quotes, please visit investor.zimmer. com or call +1-866-688-7656. Independent Auditors PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Chicago, IL, USA * Trademark of Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. Originally introduced in 2002, the ISS Corporate Governance Quotient (CGQ®) is a dynamic corporate governance rating tool that is designed to help investors manage investment risk and drive value while also helping corporations perform peer analysis and benchmark their corporate governance practices. profile of a pure-play leader WARSAW, IN EDINA, MN VANCOUVER, CANADA MINNEAPOLIS, MN ST. LOUIS, MO MEMPHIS, TN DALLAS, TX CARLSBAD, CA TUCSON, AZ AUSTIN, TX BIRMINGHAM, AL ZIMMER CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS OTHER OPERATING SUBSIDIARIES MEDICAL EDUCATION LOCATIONS GÖTEBORG, SWEDEN KIEL, GERMANY BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SWINDON, UK PARIS, FRANCE HEIDELBERG, GERMANY FREIBURG, GERMANY ETUPES, FRANCE LISBON, PORTUGAL BARCELONA, SPAIN CATANIA, ITALY TORONTO, CANADA MISSISSAUGA, CANADA PARSIPPANY, NJ CEDAR KNOLLS, NJ DOVER, OH CANONSBURG, PA BALTIMORE, MD WASHINGTON, DC COLUMBUS, OH STATESVILLE, NC MIAMI, FL MERCEDITA, PUERTO RICO VIENNA, AUSTRIA BUDAPEST, HUNGARY MÖDLING, AUSTRIA TREVISO, ITALY MILAN, ITALY TALLINN, ESTONIA UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS MOSCOW, RUSSIA MÜNSINGEN, SWITZERLAND WINTERTHUR, SWITZERLAND BAAR, SWITZERLAND RAMAT GAN, ISRAEL BEIJING, CHINA SHANGHAI, CHINA CHENGDU, CHINA GUANGZHOU, CHINA GURGAON, INDIA JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA TOKYO, JAPAN GOTEMBA, JAPAN FUKUOKA, JAPAN TAIPEI, TAIWAN HONG KONG BANGKOK, THAILAND SINGAPORE PERTH, AUSTRALIA SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND A leader in commercialization > $3.5 billion in 2006 sales > $828 million — or 24% of 2006 sales — generated by 268 new products introduced in the previous 36 months > 100 active new product development projects > 550 R&D staff, 50 Ph.D.s A leader in size and scale > $18+ billion market capitalization > Nearly 7,000 employees > 2 million square feet of manufacturing > 130,000 products A leader in global reach > 76% of sales from businesses with a global #1 market share > #1 worldwide in knee and hip replacement > #1 in reconstructive in U.S., Europe and Japan > Sales in 100 countries, operations in more than 24 countries Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 345 East Main Street, P.O. Box 708, Warsaw, IN 46580, U.S.A., www.zimmer.com

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