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Zoltav Resources Inc
Annual Report 2013

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FY2013 Annual Report · Zoltav Resources Inc
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Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Annual Report and Audited Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2013 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Corporate information  

Board of Directors 
Symon Drake-Brockman - Executive Chairman 
Oliver Donagher - Non Executive Director (appointed 7 June 2013 resigned 19 June 2014) 
John Grimshaw - Non Executive Director (appointed 19 March 2013 resigned 19 June 2014) 
Michael Lombardi - Non Executive Director (appointed 19 March 2013)  
Stephen Lowden - Non Executive Director 
David Francis - Non Executive Director (resigned 7 June 2013) 
Alastair Muir Ferguson (appointed 19 June 2014) 
Marcus James Rhodes (appointed 19 June 2014) 

Audit Committee 
Marcus Rhodes (Chairman), Michael Lombardi and Stephen Lowden 

Remuneration and Nomination Committee 
Stephen Lowden (Chairman), Michael Lombardi and Alastair Ferguson 

Company Secretary 
Ogier Corporate Services (Jersey) Limited 
Ogier House, The Esplanade, St Helier, 
Jersey, JE4 9WG, Channel Islands 

Corporate Administrator 
Ogier Corporate Services (Jersey) Limited 
Ogier House, The Esplanade, St Helier, 
Jersey, JE4 9WG, Channel Islands 

Bankers 
Barclays Private Clients International 
Limited 
39-41 Broad Street, St Helier, Jersey, JE4 
8PU, Channel Islands 

Deutsche Bank International Limited  
St Paul’s Gate, New Street, St Helier,  
Jersey, JE4 8ZB, Channel Islands 

Nominated Adviser 
Shore Capital & Corporate Limited 
Bond Street House,14 Clifford Street, London, 
W1S 4JU, United Kingdom 

Broker 
Shore Capital Stockbrokers Limited 
Bond  Street  House,  14  Clifford  Street, 
London, W1S 4JU, United Kingdom 

Solicitors 
Pinsent Mason 
30 Crown Place, Earl Street, London, 
EC2A 4ES, United Kingdom 

Independent Auditor 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
1 Embankment Place, London WC2N 6RH 

Registrar 
Computershare Investor Services 
(Cayman) Limited 
R&H Trust Co. Ltd, Windward 1, Regatta 
Office Park, West Bay Road, Grand Cayman 
KY1-1103, Cayman Islands 

Registered Office 
89 Nexus Way, Camana Bay, Grand Cayman 
KY1-9007, Cayman Islands 

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Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Chairman’s report for the year ended 31 December 2013 

2013 was a transformational year for the Company. The acquisition of CenGeo Holdings (“CenGeo”) on 4 July 
2013 and, with it, a 100 percent. interest in the Koltogor Licence in Western Siberia, marked the Company’s 
transition from an investing company to an operating oil and gas company.  

The Company has stated its commitment to continued growth through the acquisition of value-enhancing assets 
and, shortly before year-end, on 13 December 2013, the Company announced its second major transaction: the 
proposed acquisition of Royal Atlantic Energy (Cyprus) Limited (“RAECL”) which, through a wholly-owned 
subsidiary, holds the Bortovoy Licence, a 3,215 square kilometre area in the Saratov Oblast (European Russia) 
containing a number of gas fields, a processing plant and significant exploration prospectivity. The Company 
expects to complete this acquisition by the end of the second quarter of 2014. 

The Company is highly selective over the assets it considers for acquisition. The Company looks for assets 
which are strategically located and which the Company believes, by leveraging its technical capabilities and in-
country knowledge, it can add considerable value to. 

The Koltogor Licence is located in the Khantiy-Mansisk Autonomous Okrug, one of Russia’s most prolific oil 
producing regions, responsible for approximately half of the country’s annual oil production. It contains an 
undeveloped oil discovery and is located in close proximity to production-associated infrastructure, making its 
development highly compelling. The field is surrounded by a number of producing oil fields.  

The Bortovoy Licence, located in European Russia, is already producing gas, condensate and oil. The 
Karpenskoye field in the western part of the licence produced 392.6 million cubic metres (approximately 13.9 
billion cubic feet) of gas and 0.3 million barrels of condensate and oil in 2013 (an aggregate 2.8 million barrels of 
oil equivalent). The Company believes it can generate considerable upside from a large number of undeveloped 
prospects on the Bortovoy Licence. 

Operational developments 

Prior to completion of the acquisition of CenGeo in July, the Company commissioned an independent review of 
the estimated reserves and resources contained within the areas covered by the Koltogor Licence to be carried 
out by DeGolyer and MacNaughton, a leading international petroleum industry consulting firm. The report 
attributed Proved plus Probable oil reserves of over 75 million barrels to the area. The full report and analysis of 
the Company’s reserves and resources is available through the Company’s website (www.zoltav.com). 

Shortly after CenGeo’s acquisition, the Company engaged Russia’s largest geophysical company, GEOTECH 
Holding (“GEOTECH”), to acquire 466 square kilometres of 3D seismic and 71 kilometres of 2D seismic data 
across the Koltogor Licence. This was a substantial undertaking which, in Western Siberia can only be carried 
out during the winter months when the ground is firm. The programme began in November 2013 and ended on 
21 April 2014.  

The objective of the seismic acquisition programme was to better understand the characteristics of the Koltogor 
field. Put simply, the programme will help the Company identify the ‘sweet spots’ for the drilling of appraisal wells 
(which may become production wells) in the 2015/16 drilling season. 

The data is now being processed and interpreted by LARGEO (a Moscow-based independent geoscience 
company)  before being analysed by the Company’s geological team under the leadership of Alexander Sokolov 
(Director Exploration), whose knowledge of Koltogor dates back well over a decade. 

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Zoltav Resources Inc. 

In addition to the 3D seismic survey, the Company completed limited testing of Well 141 in the southernmost 
part of the licence area. The testing of the Upper Jurassic Ju1-1 horizon was undertaken over a period of six 
days. Once the well had been cleaned-up, it was tested on a 10 millimetre choke and flowed 32 cubic metres per 
day of liquids of which 16 cubic metres per day (approximately 101 barrels) was a crude oil of 43 degrees API.  
While the 3D seisimic programme is expected to help the Company identify more optimal well locations for future 
production, the Well 141 test has established a base level of well productivity which further confirms the 
commerciality of the field and corroborates previous testing data. 

The Koltogor Licence (with Exploration and Production status) covers a contiguous area of 528 square 
kilometres within the original footprint of the legacy Exploration Licences. On 31 December 2013 The Group 
relinquished all but one of the remaining legacy Exploration Licence areas which surrounded the Koltogor 
Licence and had expired but sought to retain Koltogor Exploration Licence 10 (“Koltogor 10”) which the 
Company considers to be prospective. The Company was able to negotiate a zero cost extension to Koltogor 10, 
a 167 square kilometer area immediately to the west of the Koltogor Licence, through to 31 December 2015. 

Following completion of testing operations on Well 141 the work-over rig was moved to Koltogor 10 where it re-
opened Well 103 with an objective to test both the Upper Jurassic Ju1-1 horizon and the Bazhenov shale 
formation. The well flowed 3.4 cubic metres of oil per day (approximately 21 barrels) from the Upper Jurassic 
formation without stimulation. This discovery was made in the same formation as the neighbouring Koltogor 
Exploration and Production Licence, however management believes the two fields are separated by a fault. The 
Company will apply to the State Reserve Commission (“GKZ”) to register the discovery. 

The  Company  also  tested  an  interval  of  2,670-2,700  metres  deep  in  the  Bazhenov  shale  formation  and 
successfully recovered oil (calculated flow of 1.34 cubic metres of oil per day (approximately 8 barrels)) with the 
application of the instant depression method. This demonstrated the potential of the Bazhenov shale. 

The Company is evaluating the best methods of testing and producing from the Bazhenov shale formation with 
companies with applicable experience of developing unconventional oil plays. 

Financial developments 

The CenGeo acquisition received the support of the Company’s largest shareholder, ARA Capital (44.9 per 
cent.), which agreed to invest US$20 million by way of a staged subscription (the “Subscription”) for Zoltav 
ordinary shares, thus providing the Company with the financial resources to progress the work programme 
described above. The first and second tranches of the Subscription, totalling US$15 million, were received by 
the Company during the period with the remaining US$5 million received on 1 April 2014. 

The convertible loan note provided to the Company by ARA Capital during 2012, totalling £500,000, was 
converted (together with accrued interest) into Zoltav shares on 7 June 2013.  

In order to facilitate additional working capital required by the Company to complete the acquisition of CenGeo, 
ARA Capital provided the Company with an unsecured loan of £250,000 on 9 April 2013. This was repaid fully 
(together with interest) following completion of the acquisition three months later. 

The Company was still operating as an investing company throughout the first half of 2013 and its principal 
activities were those associated with the acquisition of CenGeo, the proposed acquisition of RAECL and 
execution of the work programme on the Koltogor Licence. Consequently, the Company continued to make an 
operating loss.  The loss for the period is set out in the consolidated condensed statement of comprehensive 
income which follows in this report. The directors do not recommend a dividend for the period ended 31 
December 2013 (period ended 31 December 2012: Nil). The directors confirm that this set of financial 

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Zoltav Resources Inc. 

statements has been prepared in accordance International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by 
the European Union. 

RAECL Transaction 

Shortly before the end of the period, on 13 December 2013, the Company signed a Sale and Purchase 
Agreement with Bandbear Limited (the "Vendor"), currently a 29.1 per cent. shareholder in the Company, to 
acquire RAECL (and with it the Bortovoy Licence described above) for US$180 million. The proposed acquisition 
(which is expected to be completed by the end of the second quarter of 2014) will be satisfied through the issue 
of 38,263,095 new Ordinary Shares at an effective price of US$1.60 (100 pence) per share (equivalent to 
US$61.22 million); the payment of US$58.94 million in cash ( and the assumption of US$60.9 million of bank 
debt.  

Corporate and managerial developments 

The Board is committed to ensuring the Company adheres to the highest standards of corporate governance. As 
such the Company strengthened its Board with the appointments, in the first half of 2013, of Michael Lombardi, 
John Grimshaw and Oliver Donagher as non-executive directors. Each of them brought relevant expertise to the 
Board. Following the agreement to acquire RAECL the Company sought to add additional industry and Russian 
experience to the board which it did through the appointment of Alastair Ferguson and Marcus Rhodes. 

David Francis stepped down from the Board as a non-executive director on 7 June 2013 and Oliver Donnagher 
and John Grimshaw stepped down on 19 May 2014. The Board is grateful for the extensive contribution made 
by Messrs Francis, Donnagher and Grimshaw in the development of the Company. 

I am delighted that the Company’s senior management team includes Dr Alexander Sokolov (Director 
Exploration) and Dmitry Kamyshev (Director Russia) on the operational and geological side; together with 
Alistair Stobie (Director Finance) heading up finance and transaction execution. We are building a team of 
executives who are accomplished operators in Russia and who understand how to achieve the full potential from 
our existing and future assets. I expect to continue to build out the executive team as The Group’s portfolio of 
assets develops and we look forward to welcoming not only the other senior executives who will join the 
Company as a result of the RAECL acquisition but also the entire team working on the Bortovoy Licence and 
production facility.   

Outlook 

Our immediate corporate focus is on completing the acquisition of RAECL. As a result of a Management 
Services Agreement in place with the Vendor, the Company has been actively steering developments at the 
Bortovoy Licence since the Sale and Purchase Agreement was signed. 

The Company’s operational focus is on increasing production from the Karpenskoye field and hooking up the 
Zhdanovskoye field such that the plant on the Bortovoy Licence is operating at its full existing capacity of 1.4 
million cubic metres of gas per day. Our geological and geophysical team is currently reviewing the data on the 
Eastern part of the Bortovoy Licence with a view to developing a long-term exploration and appraisal 
programme. We expect to expand on this later in the year. 

At the same time, our geological team is working with the Company’s contractors on the processing, 
interpretation and analysis of data acquired from the winter’s 3D seismic programme at Koltogor (and recent well 
tests) to design both an appraisal drilling programme for the Koltogor Licence and an exploration and appraisal 
strategy for Koltogor 10 in order to better define that asset.  

4 

 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

I believe The Group’s expertise in operating in Russia, and in identifying attractive oil and gas assets in the 
region, position it favourably to create value from a region which enjoys the largest energy reserves in the world. 
I look forward to reporting on progress at Bortovoy and Koltogor over the coming months, as well as on further 
asset acquisitions.  

Symon Drake-Brockman 
Chairman 

Symon Drake-Brockman 

Chairman 

23 May 2014 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

The Board of Directors - Profiles 
Symon Drake-Brockman - Executive Chairman 
Symon Drake-Brockman, 52, has a wealth of experience from a long career in 
finance  covering  both  debt  and  equity  markets.  He  was  formerly  chief 
executive  officer  of  RBS  Global  Banking  and  Markets  in  the  Americas  and 
chief  executive  officer  of RBS  Greenwich Capital,  global  head  of  RBS'  Debt 
Markets division and Board member of RBS Global Banking and Markets. Mr 
Drake-Brockman  previously  held  senior  positions  with  ING  Barings  and  JP 
Morgan in London, New York, Tokyo and Hong Kong. He is currently a Non 
Executive  on  the  Board  of  Nexus  Energy  in  Australia,  and  the  Managing 
Partner of Pemberton, the London based Private Equity firm. 

Michael Lombardi - Non Executive Director (appointed 19 March 2013) 
Michael  Lombardi,  57,  was  appointed  as  a  non-executive  director  in  March 
2013.  He  qualified  as  a  Jersey  solicitor  in  1994  and  is  a  senior  partner  of 
Ogier, a leading commercial law firm headquartered in Jersey.  Michael is an 
experienced  commercial  lawyer  with  particular  expertise  in  alternative 
investment  funds  and  financial  services  law  including  fund  authorizations, 
issues  of  public  securities  and  structured  finance  transactions.    He  joined 
Ogier in 1991 and has been a partner since 1996.  After training with Dundas 
&  Wilson  in  Edinburgh  he  qualified  as  a  lawyer  in  Scotland,  England,  Hong 
Kong, Bermuda and Jersey and has a Master of Laws degree in International 
Business  Law.    Michael  has  been  recognized  by  the  International  Bar 
Association  as  a  foremost  legal  practitioner  in  Jersey  for  investment  funds 
and  was  also  named  by  Chambers  Global  as  a  leading  individual  for 
corporate/commercial  law  in  Jersey.    He  sits  on  the  boards  of  a  number  of 
investment  companies,  including  Intermediate  Capital  Group  Mezzanine 
Funds and UBS Global Property Fund. 

Stephen Lowden - Non Executive director 
Stephen  Lowden,  54,  has  over  25  years’  experience  in  the  international  oil 
and  gas  industry  across  exploration,  development,  production  and  gas 
liquefaction.  Throughout  his  career  in  the  oil  and  gas  industry,  Stephen 
Lowden  has  worked  around  the  world  but  has  spent  a  considerable  time 
working on projects in the CIS. Stephen Lowden has previously held positions 
with Premier Oil plc, including chief petroleum engineer, general manager for 
development and production and an executive director of the board and, more 
recently,  at  Marathon  Oil  Company  as  president  of  Marathon  International, 
head  of  corporate  business  development  and  an  officer  of  the  company. 
Stephen Lowden is also involved with two private energy businesses. 

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Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Alastair Ferguson - Non Executive director 
Alastair  Ferguson,  56,  has  over  33  years  experience  in  the  oil  and  gas 
industry. He is a non-executive director of JKX Oil and Gas plc, listed on the 
London  Stock  Exchange  with  assets  in  Eastern  and  Central  Europe,  and 
Kazmunaigaz  Exploration  and  Production,  an  oil  and  gas  exploration  and 
production  company  focussed  on  the  Caspian  region  in  Kazakhstan.  Mr 
Ferguson  was  an  Executive  Vice-President  Gas  &  Power  with  TNK-BP 
between  2003-2011  having  successfully  led  its  gas  and  power  business  in 
Russia  and  Ukraine.  He  continues  to  work  in  Moscow  as  an  independent 
advisor  on  energy  issues.  Prior  to  that,  he  held  a  wide  range  of  senior 
positions with BP during his 33 year career in the oil and gas industry.  

Marcus Rhodes - Non Executive director 
Marcus Rhodes, 52, has served as a non-executive director and chairman of 
the audit committee of QIWI plc since May 2013. He is also a non-executive 
director and chairman of the audit committee for PhosAgro OJSC (since May 
2011), Tethys Petroleum Limited (since September 2009), Cherkizovo Group 
OJSC (since December 2009) and Rosinter Restaurants Holding OJSC (since 
May  2008).  From  July  2008  until  November  2012,  Mr.  Rhodes  was  a  non-
executive  director  and  chairman  of  the  audit  committee  for  Wimm-Bill-Dann 
Foods  OJSC,  and  from  June  2010  until  July  2012  for  Ros  Agro  plc.  Mr. 
Rhodes was an audit partner for Ernst & Young from 2002 until 2008. Prior to 
that,  he  was  an  audit  partner  for  Arthur  Andersen  from  1998  until  2002.  He 
qualified as a chartered accountant in 1986 and is a member of the Institute of 
Accountants in England & Wales (ICAEW). Mr. Rhodes graduated with a BA 
(Hons) from Loughborough University in 1982 with a degree in economics. 

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Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Directors' report for the year ended 31 December 2013 

The  Directors  of  the  Company  present  their  annual  report  together  with  the  audited  consolidated  financial 
statements for the year ended 31 December 2013. 

Principal activity 

The  principal  activities  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  (the  “Group”)  are  the  acquisition,  exploration  and 
development of hydrocarbon assets and production of hydrocarbons in the Russian Federation. 

Business review 

A review of the business for the year and of future developments is given in the Chairman’s Report. 

Results 

The results of the Company are as shown on page 17.  

Dividends 

The Directors do not recommend the payment of a final dividend and no interim dividend was paid during the 
year (2012: US$nil). 

Share capital 

Details of movements in the share capital of the Company during the year are set out in note 17 to the financial 
statements. The Company’s policy in respect of capital and risk management is set out in note 26. 

Directors 

The  membership  of  the  Board  who  served  during  the  year  and  up  to  the  date  of  approving  the  financial 
statements is set out on page 1. 

Going concern 

The Directors have prepared cash flow forecasts through to 31 December, which take account of the following: 

• 

• 

• 

On  13  December  2013  the  Company  signed  a  sale  and  purchase  agreement  with  Bandbear  Ltd  to 
acquire Royal Atlantic Energy  (Cyprus) Ltd., and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Diall Alliance the owner of 
the Bortovoy Licence.   The transaction caused the Company to suspend its shares from trading prior to 
the completion of the reverse takeover and publishing an Admission Document to Shareholders. 
Once  the  transaction  is  complete  the  enlarged  group  will  have  sufficient  working  capital  until  31 
December 2015. 
the  acquisition  constitutes  a  reverse  takeover  under  the  AIM  Rules  and  therefore,  trading  in  the 
Company's shares has automatically  been  suspended under Rule 14.   This  does  not  have any  impact 
upon the going concern of the Company as it will be readmitted upon fulfilling specific requirements of 
the Aim Rules. 

The  forecasts  indicate  sufficient  cash  balances  remain  throughout  the  period  to  31  December  2015.  For  this 
reason, the Directors continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. 

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Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Directors’ interests 

Certain Directors have owned shares of the Company during the year ended 31 December 2013.  Interests in 
the ordinary shares of the Company are as follows: 

31 December 2013 

31 December 2012 

Number of 
ordinary 
shares 

Percentage of 
existing share 
capital 

Number of 
ordinary 
shares 

Percentage of 
existing 
share capital 

Symon Drake-Brockman 
Stephen Lowden 
John  Grimshaw  (resigned 
19 May 2014) 
Michael Lombardi 
Oliver 
(resigned 19 May 2014) 
David Francis 
(resigned 7 June 2013) 
Alastair Ferguson 
Marcus Rhodes 

Donagher 

469,055 
- 

- 

- 

- 

n/a 

- 
- 
469,055 

0.8% 
- 

- 

- 

- 

n/a 

- 
- 
0.8% 

9,381,108 
- 
- 

- 
- 

3,754,244 

- 
- 
13,135,352 

2.5% 
- 
- 

- 
- 

1.0% 

- 
- 
3.5% 

Symon Drake-Brockman 
Stephen Lowden 
John  Grimshaw  (resigned 
19 May 2014) 
Michael Lombardi 
Oliver 
(resigned 19 May 2014) 
David Francis 
(resigned 7 June 2013) 
Alastair Ferguson 
Marcus Rhodes 

Donagher 

31 December 2013 
Number of ordinary share 
options 

31 December 2012 
Number of ordinary share 
options 

1,250,000 
500,000 

25,000,000 
10,000,000 

- 

- 

- 

n/a 

- 
- 
1,750,000 

- 

- 

- 

5,000,000 

- 
- 
  40,000,000 

On  4  July  2013  the  ordinary  shares  of  the Company  were  consolidated  such  that  20  old ordinary  shares  with 
nominal value of US$0.01 became 1 new ordinary share with nominal value of US$0.20. 

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Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Substantial shareholdings 

The  interests  in  excess  of  3%  of  the  issued  share  capital  of  the  Company  which  have  been  notified  to  the 
Company as at 31 December 2013 were as follows: 

ARA Capital Limited 
Bandbear Limited 
Dmitry Kamyshev 
Alexander Sokolov 
Mark Tomkins 

Number of ordinary 
shares 

Percentage of existing 
share capital 

23,184,111 
17,979,981 
3,406,734 
2,271,155 
2,255,000 
49,096,981 

40.6% 
31.5% 
6.0% 
4.0% 
3.9% 
86.0% 

Statement of Directors' responsibilities 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  annual  report  and  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
applicable law and regulations.  

AIM  Rules  for  Companies  require  the  Directors  to  prepare  financial  statements  for  each  financial  year.  Under 
those  Rules  the  Directors  have  elected  to  prepare  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union.  The financial statements are required 
to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that 
period. 

International Accounting Standard 1 requires that financial statements present fairly for each financial year the 
Company's financial position, financial performance and cash flows. This requires the faithful representation of 
the effects of transactions, other events and conditions in accordance with the definitions and recognition criteria 
for  assets,  liabilities,  income  and  expenses  set  out  in  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board's 
‘Framework  for  the  preparation  and  presentation  of  financial  statements’.    In  virtually  all  circumstances,  a  fair 
presentation will be achieved by compliance with all applicable IFRS.  However, Directors are also required to: 

• 
• 

• 

• 

properly select and apply accounting policies; 
present  information,  including  accounting  policies,  in  a  manner  that  provides  relevant,  reliable, 
comparable and understandable information;  
provide additional disclosures when compliance with the specific requirements in IFRSs are insufficient 
to enable users to understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on the 
entity's financial position and financial performance; and 
make an assessment of the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at 
any  time  the  financial  position  of  the  Company.  They  are  also  responsible  for  safeguarding  the  assets  of  the 
Company  and  hence  for  taking  reasonable  steps  for  the  prevention  and  detection  of  fraud  and  other 
irregularities.   

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  the  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  corporate  and  financial  information 
included on the Company’s website.  

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Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Financial risk management objectives and policies 

Details  of  the  financial  risk  management  objectives  and  policies  are  provided  in  note  26  to  the  financial 
statements. 

Independent Auditor 

Deloitte  LLP  resigned  as  the  Company's  independent  auditor  on  2  April  2013  .  PricewaterhouseCoopers  LLP 
were appointed as the Company's independent auditor on 2 April 2013 and have expressed their willingness to 
continue in office. 

For and on behalf of the Board 

Symon Drake-Brockman  
Chairman 
23 May 2014 

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Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Corporate governance report for the year ended 31 December 2013 

Introduction 

The  Board’s  overriding  objective  is  to  ensure  that  the  Group  delivers  long-term  capital  appreciation  for  its 
shareholders.  

Compliance 

The Company  seeks  to  comply  with  the  UK  Corporate  Governance Code  (“the  Code”)  albeit  as  an  AIM-listed 
company and Cayman Island incorporated company it is not required to. The Board of Directors is committed to 
developing  and  applying  high  standards  of  corporate  governance  appropriate  to  the  Company’s  size  and  its 
future prospects. 

This statement sets out measures taken by the Board to apply the principles of the Code to the year ended 31 
December 2013 and to the date of the Directors’ Report. 

Board of directors 

Role of the Board 

The  Board’s  role  is  to  provide  entrepreneurial  leadership  to  the  Group  within  a  framework  of  prudent  and 
effective controls which enables risk to be assessed and managed. The Board sets the Group’s strategic aims 
and ensures that the necessary financial and human resources are in place for the Group to meet its objectives, 
and reviews management’s performance in meeting these objectives. The Board sets and monitors the Group’s 
values  and  standards  and  ensures  that  the  Group’s  obligations  to  shareholders  and  other  stakeholders  are 
understood and met. 

The Board has a formal schedule of matters reserved for its approval, including: 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Strategic and policy considerations 
Annual budget, including capital expenditure 
Interim and final financial statements 
Management structure and appointments 
Mergers, acquisitions, disposals 
Capital raising 
Significant changes in accounting policies 
Appointment or removal of Directors or the Company Secretary 

Board composition 

The  Board  currently  comprises  one  executive  director  and  four  non-executive  directors  all  of  whom  three  are 
deemed to be independent: 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Symon Drake-Brockman – Executive Chairman 
Stephen Lowden – Independent Non-executive 
Michael Lombardi – Independent Non-executive 
Alastair Ferguson – Independent Non-executive  
Marcus Rhodes – Independent Non-executive 

There is a clear division of responsibilities between the executive and non-executive directors. 

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Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Board balance and independence 

Under  the  provisions  of  the  UK  Corporate  Governance Code  as  a  Smaller Company  the  Company  meets  the 
requirements to have at least two independent non-executives on the Board. 

The Board meets at least quarterly to discuss opportunities available to the Company as a whole. 

The Company maintains insurance for Directors and Officers of the Company.  

The  Chairman  of  the  Board  is  an  executive  and  is  responsible  for  the  leadership  and  effective  running  of  the 
Board, including the interaction between executive and non-executive members, and for ensuring that the Board 
is kept appropriately informed about the business activities of the Company. The Chairman also seeks to ensure 
effective communication with shareholders and other stakeholders. 

The  Board  has  access  to  the  Company’s  advisers  to  notify  them  on  financial,  governance  and  regulatory 
matters. Any Director wishing to do so in the furtherance of his duties may take independent professional advice 
at  the  Company’s  expense.  This  also  applies  to  any  Director  in  his  capacity  as  a  member  of  the  Audit, 
Remuneration  or  Nomination  committees.  Through  the  Chairman  the  Directors  also  have  access  to  the 
Company Secretary, Ogier Corporate Services (Jersey) Limited. 

The  Board  is  supported  by  specialised  committees  ensuring  that  sound  governance  procedures  are  followed. 
The  Corporate  Governance  section  of  the  Company’s  website  includes  the  terms  of  reference  of  the  Audit, 
Remuneration and Nomination Committees at www.zoltav.com. 

Board Committees 

The Audit Committee 

The  Audit  Committee  currently  comprises  Marcus  Rhodes,  Stephen  Lowden  and    Michael  Lombardi,  with 
Marcus Rhodes as Chairman. The Board is satisfied that collectively the Audit Committee has sufficient, recent 
and relevant financial experience. 

The  duties  of  the  Audit  Committee  are  to  review  the  financial  information  of  the  Company,  to  oversee  the 
Company’s financial reporting processes and internal control systems, and to manage the relationship with the 
Company’s external auditor. The Audit Committee also has primary responsibility for making recommendations 
on the appointment, re-appointment and removal of the external auditor, and for approving any significant non-
audit services provided by the external auditor to ensure that objectivity and integrity are safeguarded. The Audit 
Committee reports its work, findings and recommendations to the Board after each meeting. 

The Remuneration and Nomination Committee 

The  Remuneration  and  Nomination  Committee  currently  comprises  Stephen  Lowden,  Michael  Lombardi  and 
Alastair Ferguson with Stephen Lowden and Chairman.  

The principal functions of the Remuneration and Nomination Committee include recommending to the Board the 
policy and structure for the remuneration of the Chairman, Non-Executive Directors and (as determined by the 
Board)  senior  management,  determining  the  remuneration  packages  of  the  Chairman,  the  Non-Executive 
Directors  and  senior  management, 
remuneration  and 
compensation  for  loss  or  termination  of  office  payable  to  Non-Executive  Directors  and  senior  management, 
ensuring  that  no  Director  is  involved  in  deciding  his  own  remuneration  and  approving  the  service  contracts  of 
Directors and senior management. And 

reviewing  and  approving  performance-based 

13 

 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

The report on remuneration is set out on page 15. 

leading  the  process  for  appointments  to  the  Board  and  make  recommendations  to  the  Board  based  on  their 
evaluation of the balance of skills, knowledge and experience on the Board. 

Attendance at Board and Committee Meetings 

The  table  below  sets  out  the  number  of  meetings  of  the  Board  and  its  committees  during  the  year  and 
attendance by members at those meetings. 

Meetings held during the year 
Meetings attended during the year: 
Symon Drake-Brockman  
Stephen Lowden 
John Grimshaw 
Oliver Donagher 
Michael Lombardi 
David Francis  

Internal control 

Board meetings 
9 

Audit committee 
meetings 
2 

7 
6 
5 
5 
6 
5 

- 
2 
2 
- 
2 
- 

The Board is responsible for maintaining a strong system of internal control and risk management to safeguard 
shareholders’  investments  and  the  Company’s  assets.  The  system  of  internal  control  is  designed,  taking  into 
account  the  Company’s  business  objectives  and  strategy,  to  provide  reasonable,  but  not  absolute,  assurance 
against material misstatement or loss. 

The criteria the Board uses to assess the effectiveness of the system of internal control include: 

• 
• 
• 
• 

• 

the nature and extent of the risks facing the Company; 
the extent and categories of risk that the Board regards as acceptable for the Company to bear; 
the likelihood of the risks materialising and the financial impact of the risks; 
the  Company’s  ability  to  reduce  the incidence  and impact  on  the  business  of  risks  that  do materialise; 
and 
the costs of operating particular controls relative to the benefit thereby obtained. 

The Board has considered the need for an internal audit function but has decided, after taking into account the 
current status of the Company, such a function is not at present justified. This decision will be kept under review 
once the acquisition of RAECL is completed. 

Relations with Shareholders 

The  Company  believes  that  effective  communication  with  shareholders  is  of  utmost  importance.  It  has  an 
established cycle for communicating trading results at the interim and year end stages and, as appropriate, of 
providing business updates via the Regulatory News Service and press releases. 

The  Company  makes  information  available  through  regulatory  announcements  and  its  interim  and  annual 
reports. Copies of all such communications can be found on the Company website, www.zoltav.com. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Report on remuneration 

The Board recognises that Directors’ and employees’ remuneration is of legitimate concern to shareholders, and 
is  committed  to  following  good  practice  and  to  ensuring  that  the  interests  of  the  Directors  and  employees  are 
aligned with those of shareholders. 

Policy on remuneration 

The Company aims to set levels of remuneration that are sufficient to attract, retain and motivate Directors and 
senior management of the quality required to run the Company successfully, whilst ensuring that the interests of 
Directors  and  employees are  aligned  with  those  of shareholders.  The  Company  operates  within  a  competitive 
environment in which the Company’s performance depends on the individual contributions of the Directors. 

When  determining  annual  salaries  and  performance-based  remuneration  the  Company  takes  into  account  the 
following factors: 
• 
• 

direct and indirect contribution towards the Company’s current profitability; 
the development of businesses or transactions that may help achieve the Company’s objective in future 
years; 
the quality of earnings, in the context of market conditions, as well as the quantity of earnings; 
vision and innovation; 
remuneration levels and practices in other firms engaged in similar activities; and 
incentive to continue to contribute to the Company’s objectives. 

• 
• 
• 
• 

Directors’ remuneration 

The remuneration of the Directors for the year ended 31 December 2013 is shown in the table below. 

Symon Drake-

Brockman  

Oliver 
Donagher *2 

John 
Grimshaw *1 

Michael 
Lombardi*2 

Stephen 
Lowden 

David 
Francis*3 

Total 

US$ 
234,769 

US$ 
26,936 

US$ 
44,186 

US$ 
44,186 

US$ 
131,492 

US$ 
56,389 

US$ 
537,958 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

234,769 
236,759 

1,357,708 

1,594,467 

26,936 
- 

44,186 
- 

44,186 
- 

131,492 
132,882 

56,389 
132,882 

537,958 
502,523 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

543,083 

271,541 

2,172,332 

675,965 

404,423 

2,674,855 

Salary 
Share based 
compensation 

2013 Total 

  Salary 

Share based 
compensation 
2012 Total 

*1 Appointed 19 March 2013 
*2 Appointed 7 June 2013 
*3 Resigned 7 June 2013 

Share price 

During the year, the share price of the Company traded in the range of £0.70 to £1.76 pence. The share price on 
11 November 2014, the last date prior to shares being temporarily suspended was £1.04.  

15 

 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Independent  auditors’  report  to  the  directors  of  Zoltav 
Resources Inc. 
Report on the group financial statements 

Our opinion 

In our opinion the financial statements, defined below: 

• 

• 

give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s affairs as at 31 December 2013 and of its loss and cash flows for the year 
then ended; and 
have been properly prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the 
European Union. 

This opinion is to be read in the context of what we say in the remainder of this report. 

What we have audited 

The non-statutory group financial statements (the “financial statements”), which are prepared by Zoltav Resources Inc., comprise: 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2013; 
the consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year then ended; 
the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year then ended; 
the consolidated statement of changes in equity for the year then ended; and 
the notes to the financial statements, which include a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory 
information. 

The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  their  preparation  is  applicable  law  and  IFRSs  as  adopted  by  the 
European Union. 

In applying the financial reporting framework, the directors have made a number of subjective judgements, for example in respect 
of significant accounting estimates. In making such estimates, they have made assumptions and considered future events. 

Certain disclosures required by the financial reporting framework have been presented elsewhere in the Annual Report and Audited 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements,  rather  than  in  the  notes  to  the  financial  statements.  These  are  cross-referenced  from  the 
financial statements and are identified as audited. 

What an audit of financial statements involves 

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  International  Standards  on  Auditing  (UK  and  Ireland)  (“ISAs  (UK  &  Ireland)”).  An 
audit  involves  obtaining  evidence  about  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements  sufficient  to  give  reasonable 
assurance  that  the  financial  statements  are  free  from  material  misstatement,  whether  caused  by  fraud  or  error.  This  includes  an 
assessment of:  

•  whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the group’s circumstances and have been consistently applied and 

adequately disclosed;  
the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by the directors; and  
the overall presentation of the financial statements.  

• 
• 

In  addition,  we  read  all  the  financial  and  non-financial  information  in  the  Annual  Report  and  Audited  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements  to  identify  material  inconsistencies  with  the  audited  financial  statements  and  to  identify  any  information  that  is 
apparently materially incorrect based on, or materially inconsistent with, the knowledge acquired by us in the course of performing 
the  audit.  If  we  become  aware  of  any  apparent  material  misstatements  or  inconsistencies  we  consider  the  implications  for  our 
report. 

Responsibilities for the financial statements and the audit 

Our responsibilities and those of the directors 

As  explained  more  fully  in  the  Statement  of  Directors'  responsibilities  set  out  on  page  11,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  the 
preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. 

Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and ISAs (UK & 
Ireland). Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors. 

16 

 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

This  report,  including  the  opinion,  has  been  prepared  for  and  only  for  the  company’s  directors  as  a  body  to  meet  their  reporting 
obligations  under  the  AIM  rules  for  Companies  issued  by  the  London  Stock  Exchange  in  accordance  with  our  engagement  letter 
dated 13 December 2013 and for no other purpose. We do not, in giving this opinion, accept or assume responsibility for any other 
purpose or to any other person to whom this report is shown or into whose hands it may come, including without limitation under 
any contractual obligations of the company, save where expressly agreed by our prior consent in writing. 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 

Chartered Accountants 
London 
23 May 2014 

17 

 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Note 

2013 

2012 

Other gains/(losses) - net 
Operating expenses 

Operating loss 

Net finance income/(cost) 

Loss before taxation 

Taxation 

Loss for the year 

Other comprehensive income 
Items that may be subsequently reclassified 
to the income statement 

Currency translation differences 

Other comprehensive income for the year, 
net of tax 

13 
6 

8 

10 

30 
(4,419) 

(65) 
(3,462) 

(4,389) 

(3,527) 

23 

(1) 

(4,366) 

(3,528) 

42 

- 

(4,324) 

(3,528) 

493 

493 

- 

- 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

(3,831) 

(3,528) 

Loss per share attributable to owners of the 
parent during the year: 
Basic 

19 

Diluted 

US cents 

US cents 

(6.70) 

(6.38) 

(0.94) 

(0.87) 

All the items dealt with in arriving at the result for the year relate to continuing activities. 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Note 

2013 

2012 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Exploration and evaluation assets 
Property, plant and equipment 

Total non-current assets 
Current assets 
Other receivables 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

TOTAL ASSETS 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Other reserves 
Accumulated losses 
Translation reserve 

Total equity 

Non-current liabilities 
Borrowings 

Provisions 
Deferred tax liabilities 

Total non-current liabilities 

Current liabilities 
Other taxes payable 
Trade and other payables 

Total current liabilities 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

11 
12 

15 
13 
16 

17 

21 

22 
14 

23 

38,099 
5 

38,104 

828 
307 
7,265 

8,400 

46,504 

11,432 
42,975 
44,350 
(61,249) 
493 

38,001 

- 

4,383 
3,923 

8,306 

25 
172 

197 

8,503 

46,504 

- 
- 

- 

44 
404 
108 

556 

556 

3,752 
8,892 
44,411 
(56,925) 
- 

130 

345 

- 
- 

345 

- 
81 

81 

426 

556 

The consolidated financial statements on pages 18 to 54 were approved by the Board of Directors and 
authorised for issue on 23 May 2014. 

Symon Drake- Brockman 
Chairman 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 

2013 

2012 

(4,389) 

(3,528) 

Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Cash flows from operating activities  
Operating loss 
Adjustments for: 
Change in estimates of decommissioning and 
environmental restoration provisions 
Employee share-based compensation 
Other gains/(losses) - net 

Operating cash outflows before working capital 
changes 

(Increase)/decrease in other receivables 
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables 

Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Disposal of investment securities 

Net cash acquired on acquisition of Cengeo 
Capital expenditure in relation to exploration and 
evaluation activities 
Acquisition of office equipment 

Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from borrowings 
Repayment of borrowings 
Issue of ordinary shares 
Net finance income 

Net cash generated from financing activities 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

Translation differences 
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the 
year 

8 

13 

13 

12 

21 

17 
- 
(30) 

(4,402) 

(725) 
107 

(5,020) 

127 
82 

(3,636) 
(5) 

(3,432) 

777 
(381) 
15,000 
12 

15,408 

6,957 

200 

108 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

16 

7,265 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

20 

- 
2,172 
65 

(1,290) 

6 
(49) 

(1,333) 

697 
- 

- 
- 

697 

405 

- 
1 

406 

(231) 

- 

339 

108 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December 2013  

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Share capital 

Share 
premium 

Capital 
reserve 

Note 

Employee 
share-based 
compensation 
reserve 

Convertible 
loan note 

Accumulated 
losses 

Translation 
reserve 

Total equity 

At 1 January 2012 

3,752 

8,892 

40,444 

1,734 

- 

(53,397) 

Convertible loan note-equity 
component  
Employee share-based 
compensation  
Transactions with owners 

Total comprehensive loss for the 
year 

20 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

2,172 
2,172 

- 

At 31 December 2012 

3,752 

8,892 

40,444 

3,906 

Issue of shares on conversion 

21 

Issue of ordinary shares 
Transactions with owners 

Translation reserve movements on 
subsidiary 

Loss for the year 

218 

7,462 
7,680 

545 

33,538 
34,083 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

At 31 December 2013 

11,432 

42,975 

40,444 

3,906 

61 

- 
61 

- 

61 

(61) 

- 
(61) 

- 

- 

- 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

21 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

1,425 

61 

2,172 
2,233 

(3,528) 

130 

702 

41,000 
41,702 

493 

493 

- 

- 
- 

(3,528) 

(56,925) 

- 

- 
- 

- 

(4,324) 

- 

(4,324) 

(61,249) 

493 

38,001 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

1 

Background 

1.1 

The Company and its operations 

The  Zoltav  Group  (Group)  comprises  Zoltav  Resources  Inc.  (Company),  together  with  its 
subsidiaries  Zoltav  Resources  Holdings  (Jersey)  Limited  and  ZRI  Services  (UK)  Ltd,  CenGeo 
Holdings Limited (hereinafter "CenGeo") and CJSC SibGeCo (hereinafter "SibGeCo"). 

The Company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on 18 November 2003, which does not 
prescribe the adoption of any particular accounting framework. The Board has therefore adopted 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRS)  issued  by  the  International  Accounting 
Standards Board and as adopted by the European Union.  

The  principal  activities  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  (the  "Group")  are  the  acquisition, 
exploration  and  development  of  hydrocarbon  assets  and  production  of  hydrocarbons  in  the 
Russian  Federation.  The  Company's  shares  are  listed  on  the  AIM  of  London  Stock  Exchange. 
The financial statements are prepared in United States Dollars. 

CenGeo Holdings, incorporated in Cyprus, was acquired by Zoltav Resources Holdings (Jersey) 
Limited  on  4th  July  2013.  CenGeo  Holdings  has  a  100%  interest  in  SibGeCo,  a  company 
incorporated  in  Russia,  which  holds  the  Koltogorsky  production  licence  and  the  legacy 
Koltogorsky exploration licences. 

Zoltav  Resources  Holdings  (Jersey)  Limited  was  incorporated  in  Jersey  as  a  private  limited 
company on 9 January 2013. 

ZRI Services (UK) Ltd was incorporated in the United Kingdom as a private limited company on 
29 January 2013. 

1.2 

Russian business environment 

The Company's operations are located in the Russian Federation. Consequently, the Company is 
exposed  to  the  economic  and  financial  markets  of  the  Russian  Federation  which  display 
characteristics  of  an  emerging  market.  The  legal,  tax  and  regulatory  frameworks  continue  to 
develop,  but  are  subject  to  varying  interpretations  and  frequent  changes  which,  together  with 
other  legal  and  fiscal  aspects,  contribute  to  the  challenges  faced  by  entities  operating  in  the 
Russian Federation. The historical financial information reflects management's assessment of the 
impact  of  the Russian business environment  on  the  operations  and  the financial position  of  the 
Company. The future business environment may differ from management's assessment. 

22 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

2 

Significant accounting policies  

2.1 

Basis of preparation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  The  Group  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRSs),  as  adopted  by  the  European  Union  (EU), 
International  Financial  Reporting  Interpretations  Committee  (IFRIC)  interpretations,  and  the 
Companies  Act  2006 applicable  to  companies  reporting  under  IFRS. The  consolidated financial 
statements  have  been  prepared  under  the  historical  cost  convention,  as  modified  by  the 
revaluation  of  financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  (including  derivative  instruments)  at  fair 
value through profit or loss.   

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  IFRSs  requires  the  use  of  certain 
critical  accounting  estimates.  It  also  requires  management  to  exercise  its  judgement  in  the 
process  of  applying  the  Group’s  accounting  policies.  The  areas  involving  a  higher  degree  of 
judgement  or  complexity,  or  areas  where  assumptions  and  estimates  are  significant  to  the 
consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 3.   

2.2 

Going concern 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  the  going  concern  basis  as  the 
directors have concluded that the Group will continue to have access to sufficient funds in order 
to meet its obligations as they fall due for at least the foreseeable future as explained further in 
the Directors Report. 

2.3 

Disclosure of impact of new and future accounting standards 

The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those of the previous financial year, except 
for  the  following  new  and  amended  IFRS  and  IFRIC  interpretations  effective  as  of  1  January 
2013: 

(a) 

Amendments early adopted by the Company 

There were no standards, amendments and interpretations adopted early by the Company. 

(b) 

Standards,  Amendment  to  Standards  and  Interpretations  effective  and  relevant  to 
the Company's operations: 

IAS 1 Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income (Amendments)  

The  amendments  to  IAS  1  introduce  a  grouping  of  items  presented  in  OCI.  Items  that  will  be 
reclassified  (‘recycled’)  to  profit  or  loss  at  a  future  point  in  time  (e.g.,  net  loss  or  gain  on  AFS 
financial  assets)  have  to  be  presented  separately  from  items  that  will  not  be  reclassified  (e.g., 
revaluation  of  land  and  buildings).  The  amendments  also  require  tax  associated  with  items 
presented  before  tax  to  be  shown  separately  for  each  of  the  two  groups  of  OCI  items  (without 
changing the option to present items of OCI either before tax or net of tax).  

23 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement 

IFRS  13  establishes  a  single  source  of  guidance  under  IFRS  for  all  fair  value  measurements. 
IFRS  13  does  not  change  when  an  entity  is  required  to  use  fair  value,  but  rather  provides 
guidance on how  to measure fair  value under  IFRS  when fair  value  is  permitted or  required.  In 
general,  the  disclosure  requirements  in  IFRS  13  are  more  extensive  than  those  required  by 
current standards as entities are required to make various disclosures depending upon the nature 
of the fair value measurement (e.g. whether it is recognised in the financial statements or merely 
disclosed) and the level in which it is classified. 

Adoption  of  these  Accounting  Standards  and  Interpretations  in  future  periods  will  not  have  a 
material impact on the operations of the Group.  

(c) 

New  Standards,  Amendment  to  Standards  and  Interpretations  effective  but  not 
relevant 

IAS 1  

IAS 19  
IAS 28 

IFRS 7 

IFRS 1 
IFRS 13 
IFRIC 20 

Financial Statement Presentation – Presentation of Items of Other 
Comprehensive Income (Amendments) 
Employee Benefits (Revised) 
Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures (as revised in 2011) 
Financial  Instruments:  Disclosures  —  Enhanced  Derecognition 
Disclosure Requirements (Amendments) 
Government Loans (Amendments) 
Fair value measurement 
Stripping Costs in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine 
Annual Improvements May 2012 

Effective for annual 
periods beginning or 
after 

01-Jul-12 

01-Jan-13 
01-Jan-13 

01-Jan-13 

01-Jan-13 
01-Jan-13 
01-Jan-13 
01-Jan-13 

(d) 

New Standards, Amendment to Standards and Interpretations not yet effective and 
relevant 

IAS 27 Separate Financial Statements & IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements effective for 
periods beginning on or after 1 January 2014. 

IFRS 10 replaces the portion of IAS 27 that addresses the accounting for consolidated financial 
statements  and  the  issues  raised  in  SIC  12  Consolidation  -  Special  Purpose  Entities.  IFRS  10 
establishes  a  single  control  model  that  applies  to  all  entities  including  special  purpose  entities. 
The changes introduced will require management to exercise significant judgement to determine 
which entities are controlled and therefore are required to be consolidated by a parent. 

The Directors do not expect that the adoption of these Accounting Standards and Interpretations 
in future periods will have a material impact on the operations of the Company. 

24 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

(e) 

Standards, Amendments and Interpretations not yet effective 

IAS 32 

IAS 36 

IAS 39 

IFRS 9 

Various 

IFRIC 21 

Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Amendments) 
Recoverable Amount Disclosures for Non-Financial Assets 
(Amendments) 
Novation of Derivatives and Continuation of Hedge Accounting 
(Amendments) 
Financial Instruments - classification and measurement 
Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 
27) 
Levies 

Effective for annual 
periods beginning or 
after 
01-Jan-14 

01-Jan-14 

01-Jan-14 

01-Jan-18 

01-Jan-14 

01-Jan-14 

The  directors  do  not  expect  the  new  Standards,  Amendments  and  Interpretations  to  have  a 
material impact on the financial statements. 

2.4 

Consolidation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  financial  statements  of  the  Company  and  its 
subsidiaries. Subsidiaries are all entities in which the Group directly or indirectly owns more than 
50 percent of the voting stock or otherwise has the power to govern the financial and/or operating 
policies.  Subsidiaries  are  fully  consolidated  from  the  date  on  which  control  is  transferred  to  the 
Group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases.   

The group uses the acquisition method of accounting to account for business combinations. The 
consideration  transferred  for  the  acquisition  of  a  subsidiary  is  the  fair  values  of  the  assets 
transferred, the liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the group. The consideration 
transferred includes the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration 
arrangement.  Acquisition-related  costs  are  expensed  as  incurred.  Identifiable  assets  acquired 
and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially 
at  their  fair  values  at  the  acquisition  date.  On  an  acquisition-by  acquisition  basis,  the  group 
recognises any non-controlling interest in the acquiree either at fair value or at the non-controlling 
interest’s proportionate share of the acquiree’s net assets.   

Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less impairment. Cost is adjusted to reflect 
changes in consideration arising from contingent consideration amendments.  Cost also includes 
direct attributable costs of investment.  The excess of the consideration transferred, the amount 
of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the acquisition-date fair value of any previous 
equity interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the group’s share of the identifiable net assets 
acquired  is  recorded  as  goodwill.  If  this  is  less  than  the  fair  value  of  the  net  assets  of  the 
subsidiary acquired in the case of a bargain purchase, the difference is recognised directly in the 
statement of comprehensive income.  Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains 
on transactions between Group companies are eliminated; unrealized losses are also eliminated 
unless the cost cannot be recovered.   

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

The  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  outside  the  Russian  Federation  maintain  their  financial 
statements  in  accordance  with  IFRSs  as  adopted  by  the  EU.  The  Russian  subsidiaries  of  the 
Group  maintain  their  statutory  accounting  records  in  accordance  with  the  Regulations  on 
Accounting and Reporting of the Russian Federation. The consolidated financial statements are 
based  on  these  statutory  accounting  records,  appropriately  adjusted  and  reclassified  for  fair 
presentation  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  adopted  by  the 
EU. A list of the Company’s subsidiaries is provided in Note 1. 

2.5 

Segment reporting 

Segmental reporting follows the Group’s internal reporting structure. 

Operating  segments  are  defined  as  components  of  the  Group  where  separate  financial 
information  is  available  and  reported  regularly  to  the  chief  operating  decision  maker  (“CODM”), 
which is determined to be the Board of Directors of the Company. The Board of Directors which 
decide how to allocate resources and assesses operational and financial performance using the 
information provided. 

The CODM receives monthly IFRS-based financial information for the Group and its development 
and  production  entities.  The  Group  has  other  entities  that  engage  as  either  head  office  or  in  a 
corporate capacity or as holding companies. Management has concluded that due to application 
of  the  aggregation  criteria  that  separate  financial  information  for  segments  is  not  required.    No 
geographic  segmental  information  is  presented  as  all  of  the  companies  operating  activities  are 
based in the Russian Federation. 

Management  has  determined  therefore  that  the  operations  of  the  Group  comprise  one  class  of 
business, being oil and gas exploration, development and production and the Group operates in 
only one geographic area - the Russian Federation. 

2.6 

Foreign currency translation 

(a) 

Functional and presentation currency 

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the 
currency  of  the  primary  economic  environment  in  which  the  entity  operates  (“the  functional 
currency”).  The  consolidated  financial  statements  are  presented  in  US  dollars,  which  is  the 
Company’s functional and the Group’s presentation currency. 

The  functional  currency  of  the  Group’s  subsidiaries  that  are  incorporated  in  the  Russian 
Federation  is  the  Russian  Rouble  (“RUR”).    It  is  the  Management’s  view  that  the  RUR  best 
reflects  the  financial  results  of  its  Cyprus  subsidiaries  because  they  are  dependent  on  entities 
based in Russia that operate in an RUR environment in order to recover their investments. As a 
result, the functional currency of the Cypriot and Russian subsidiaries continues to be the RUR. 

26 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

(b) 

Transactions and balances 

Foreign  currency  transactions  are  translated  into  the  functional  currency  using  the  exchange 
rates  prevailing  at  the  dates  of  the  transactions.    Foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  resulting 
from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of 
monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the statement 
of comprehensive income. Translation differences on non-monetary financial assets and liabilities 
are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss.  Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate 
to  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  borrowings  and  other  foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  are 
presented in the statement of comprehensive income within operating expenses 

(c) 

Group companies 

The results and financial position of all the Group entities (none of which has the currency of a 
hyper-inflationary  economy)  that  have  a  functional  currency  different  from  the  presentation 
currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows: 

(i) 

(ii) 

assets  and  liabilities  for  each  balance  sheet  presented  are  translated  at 
the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet; 

income  and  expenses  are  translated  at  average  exchange  rates  (unless 
this average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of 
the  rates  prevailing  on  the  transaction  dates,  in  which  case  income  and 
expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions); and 

(iii) 

all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive 
income. 

The major exchange rates used for the revaluation of the closing balance sheet at 31 December 
2013 were: 

US$ 1: RUR32.7292 (2012: US$ 1: RUR.30. 4769) 

The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all years presented in the 
historical financial information, and have been applied consistently by the Company. 

27 

 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

2.7 

Exploration and evaluation assets 

The  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  apply  the  successful  efforts  method  of  accounting  for 
Exploration  and  Evaluation  (“E&E”)  costs,  in  accordance  with  IFRS  6  “Exploration  for  and 
Evaluation of Mineral Resources”. Costs are accumulated on a field-by-field basis. Costs directly 
associated  with  an  exploration  well,  including  certain  geological  and  geophysical  costs,  and 
exploration  and  property  leasehold  acquisition  costs,  are  capitalised  until  the  determination  of 
reserves  is  evaluated.  If  it  is  determined  that  a  commercial  discovery  has  not  been  achieved, 
these costs are charged to expense after the conclusion of appraisal activities. Exploration costs 
such  as  geological  and  geophysical  that  are  not  directly  related  to  an  exploration  well  are 
expensed as incurred.   

Capital  expenditure  is  recognised  as  property,  plant  and  equipment  or  intangible  assets  in  the 
financial statements according to the nature of the expenditure and the stage of development of 
the  associated  field,  i.e.  exploration,  development,  production.    Once  commercial  reserves  are 
found,  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  are  tested  for  impairment  and  transferred  to 
development  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  intangible  assets.  No  depreciation  or 
amortisation is charged during the exploration and evaluation phase. 

(a) 

Impairment – exploration and evaluation assets 

Exploration  and  evaluation  assets  are  tested  for  impairment  prior  to  reclassification  to 
development  property,  plant  and  equipment  or  intangible  assets,  or  whenever  facts  and 
circumstances indicate that an impairment condition may exist. An impairment loss is recognised 
for  the  amount  by  which  the  exploration  and  evaluation  assets’  carrying  amount  exceeds  their 
recoverable  amount.  The  recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  the  exploration  and  evaluation 
assets’  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell  and  their  value  in  use.  For  the  purposes  of  assessing 
impairment,  the  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  subject  to  testing  are  grouped  with  existing 
cash-generating units of production fields that are located in the same geographical region. 

(b) 

Decommissioning 

Provision  is  made  for  the  cost  of  decommissioning  assets  at  the  time  when  the  obligation  to 
decommission  arises.  Such  provision  represents  the  estimated  discounted  liability  (the  discount 
rate  used  currently  being  at  10%  per  annum)  for  costs  which  are  expected  to  be  incurred  in 
removing production facilities and site restoration at the end of the producing life of each field. A 
corresponding item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  is  also  created  at  an  amount  equal  to  the 
provision. This is subsequently depreciated as part of the capital costs of the production facilities. 
Any  change  in  the  present  value  of  the  estimated  expenditure  attributable  to  changes  in  the 
estimates of the cash flow or the current estimate of the discount rate used are reflected as an 
adjustment to the provision and the property, plant and equipment. The unwinding of the discount 
is recognised as a finance cost. 

28 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

2.8 

Financial instruments 

Financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  are  recognised  when  and  only  when,  the  Company 
becomes  a  party  to  the  contractual  provisions  of  the  instrument.  Financial  assets  and  financial 
liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the 
acquisition  or  issue  of  financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  (other  than  financial  assets  and 
financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value 
of  the  financial  assets  or  financial  liabilities,  as  appropriate,  on  initial  recognition.  Transaction 
costs  directly  attributable to  the  acquisition  of financial  assets  or  financial  liabilities  at  fair  value 
through profit or loss are recognised immediately in the statement of comprehensive income. 

(a) 

Financial assets 

The Company classifies its financial assets into one of the following categories: financial assets at 
fair value through profit or loss and loans and receivables.  

Regular purchases of financial assets are recognised on the trade date. Management determines 
the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition depending on the purpose for which 
the  financial  assets  were  acquired  and  where  allowed  and  appropriate,  re-evaluates  this 
designation at every reporting date. The accounting policies adopted for each category are: 

(b) 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

Financial  assets  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  include financial  assets  held  for  trading  and 
financial  assets  designated  upon  initial  recognition  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss.  Financial 
assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for the purpose of selling in the near 
term, or it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that are managed together and 
for which there is evidence of a recent pattern of short-term profit-taking. 

Financial assets may be designated at initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss if 
the following criteria are met: 

• 

• 

the  designation  eliminates  or  significantly  reduces  the  inconsistent  treatment  that  would 
otherwise arise from measuring the assets or recognising gains or losses on them on a 
different basis; or 
the  assets  are  part  of  a  group  of  financial  assets  which  are  managed  and  their 
performance  is  evaluated  on  a  fair  value  basis,  in  accordance  with  a  documented  risk 
management strategy and information about the Company of financial assets is provided 
internally on that basis to the key management personnel. 

Subsequent  to initial  recognition,  the  financial  assets  included in  this  category  are  measured at 
fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. Fair 
value  is  determined  by  reference  to  active  market  transactions  or  using  a  valuation  technique 
where no active market exists. Fair value gains or losses do not include any dividend or interest 
earned on these financial assets. Dividend and interest income is recognised in on an accruals 
basis. 

29 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

(c) 

Other receivables 

Other receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are 
not  quoted  in  an  active  market.  They  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value  and  subsequently 
measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest  method,  less  any  impairment  losses. 
Amortised  cost  is  calculated  taking  into  account  any  discount  or  premium  on  acquisition  and 
includes fees that are an integral part of the effective interest rate and transaction cost. 

Impairment losses on other receivables are provided for when objective evidence is received that 
the Company will not be able to collect amounts due to it in accordance with the original terms of 
the  receivables.  The  amount  of  the  loss  is  measured  as  the  difference  between  the  asset’s 
carrying  amount  and  the  present  value  of  estimated  future  cash  flows,  excluding  future  credit 
losses that have not been incurred, discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest 
rate  (i.e.  the  effective  interest  rate  computed  at  initial  recognition).  The  amount  of  the  loss  is 
recognised  in  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income  for  the  period  in  which  the  impairment 
occurs. 

Objective  evidence  of  impairment  of  individual  financial  assets  includes  observable  data  that 
comes to the attention of the Company about one or more of the following loss events: 

• 
• 
• 

• 

significant financial difficulty of the debtor; 
a breach of contract, such as default or delinquency in interest or principal payments; 
it  becoming  probable 
reorganisation; and 
significant changes in the technological, market, economic or legal environment that have 
an adverse effect on the debtor. 

the  debtor  will  enter  bankruptcy  or  other 

financial 

that 

Loss events in respect of a Company of financial assets include observable data indicating that 
there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows from the Company of financial 
assets. Such observable data includes but not limited to adverse changes in the payment status 
of debtors in the Company and, national or local economic conditions that correlate with defaults 
on the assets in the Company. 

If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be 
related  objectively  to  an  event  occurring  after  the  impairment  was  recognised,  the  previously 
recognised impairment loss is reversed to the extent that it does not result in a carrying amount of 
the financial asset exceeding what the amortised cost would have been had the impairment not 
been recognised at the date the impairment is reversed. 

The amount of the reversal is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income in the period 
in which the reversal occurs. 

(d) 

Financial liabilities and equity 

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified according to the 
substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability 

30 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

and an equity instrument. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest 
in the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities. The accounting policies adopted 
in respect of financial liabilities and equity instruments are set out below. 

(e) 

Other financial liabilities 

Other financial liabilities include trade and other payables and are recognised initially at fair value 
and subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest method. 

(f) 

Equity instruments 

Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct 
issue costs. 

(g) 

Derecognition 

Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets expire 
or, the financial assets are transferred and the Company has transferred substantially all the risks 
and  rewards  of  ownership  of  the  financial  assets.  On  derecognition  of  a  financial  asset,  the 
difference  between  the  asset’s  carrying  amount  and  the  sum of  the  consideration  received  and 
the  cumulative  gain  or  loss  that  had  been  recognised  directly  in  equity  is  recognised  in  the 
statement of comprehensive income. 

For financial liabilities, they are removed from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in 
the  relevant  contract  is  discharged,  cancelled  or  expires.  The  difference  between  the  carrying 
amount  of  the  financial  liability  derecognised  and  the  consideration  paid  is  recognised  in  the 
statement of comprehensive income. 

2.9 

Acquisitions, asset purchases and disposals 

Acquisitions  of  oil  and  gas  properties  are  accounted  for  under  the  purchase  method  where  the 
target meets the definition of a business combination. 

Transactions involving the purchases of an individual field interest, or a group of field interests, 
that  do  not  qualify  as  a  business  combination  are  treated  as  asset  purchases,  irrespective  of 
whether the specific transactions involved the transfer of the field interests directly or the transfer 
of an incorporated entity. Accordingly, no goodwill or deferred tax gross up arises. The purchase 
consideration  is  allocated  to  the  assets  and  liabilities  purchased  on  an  appropriate  basis.  
Proceeds  on  disposal  are  applied  to  the  carrying  amount  of  the  specific  intangible  asset  or 
development  and  production  assets  disposed  of  and  any  surplus  is  recorded  as  a  gain  on 
disposal in the statement of comprehensive income. 

31 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

2.10  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  comprise  cash  in  hand  and  amounts  repayable  on  demand  with 
banks and short-term highly liquid investments which are readily convertible into known amounts 
of cash without notice and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and which were 
within three months of maturity when acquired. 

2.11  Share capital 

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Share capital is determined using the nominal value of 
shares  that  have  been  issued.  Any  transaction  costs  associated  with  the  issuing  of  shares  are 
deducted  from  share  premium  (net  of  any  related  income  tax  benefit)  to  the  extent  they  are 
incremental  costs  directly  attributable  to  the  equity  transaction.  Any  discount  on  the  issue  of 
ordinary shares is deducted from the share premium account. 

The capital reserve arose in prior periods on the application of the reverse acquisition accounting 
when the Company made its first acquisition. 

2.12  Current and deferred income tax 

The  tax  expense  for  the  period  comprises  current  and  deferred  tax.  Tax  is  recognised  in  the 
statement  of  comprehensive  income,  except  to  the  extent  that  it  relates  to  items  recognised  in 
other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognized in other 
comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.  

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively 
enacted at end of the reporting period in the countries where the Company’s subsidiaries operate 
and generate taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns 
with  respect  to  situations  in  which  applicable  tax  regulation  is  subject  to  interpretation.  It 
establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax 
authorities.   

Deferred  income  tax  is  recognised,  using  the  liability  method,  on  temporary  differences  arising 
between  the  tax  bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  their  carrying  amounts  in  the  consolidated 
financial statements. However, the deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial 
recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the 
time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss. Deferred income tax is 
determined  using  tax  rates  (and  laws)  that  have  been  enacted  or  substantively  enacted  by  the 
end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset 
is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.   

Deferred  income  tax  assets  are  recognised  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  that  future  taxable 
profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.   

32 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to 
offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income taxes assets 
and  liabilities  relate  to  income  taxes  levied  by  the  same  taxation  authority  on  either  the  same 
taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a 
net basis. 

2.13  Employee benefits 

(a) 

Retirement benefit schemes 

No  pension  contributions  were  payable  in  the  year.  In  2010,  the  Company  participated  only  in 
defined contribution pension schemes and paid contributions to independently administered funds 
on  a  mandatory  or  contractual  basis.  The  assets  of  these  schemes  are  held  separately  from 
those of the Company in independently administered funds. The retirement benefit schemes are 
generally funded by payments from employees and by the relevant Company. The Company has 
no  further  payment  obligations  once  the  contributions  have  been  paid.  The  contributions  are 
recognised as an employee benefit expense on an accruals basis. 

(b) 

Share-based employee compensation 

The  Company  operates  equity-settled  share-based  compensation  plans  to  remunerate  its 
Directors and key management. 

All services received in exchange for the grant of any share-based compensation are measured 
at  their  fair  values.  These  are  indirectly  determined  by  reference  to  the  fair  value  of  the  share 
options and warrants awarded. Their value is appraised at the grant date and excludes the impact 
of any non-market vesting conditions. 

All  share-based  compensation  is  ultimately  recognised  as  an  expense  in  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income unless it qualifies for recognition as an asset, with a corresponding credit 
to  employee  share-based  compensation  reserve  in  equity.  If  vesting  periods  or  other  vesting 
conditions  apply,  the  expense  is  allocated  over  the  vesting  period,  based  on  the  best  available 
estimate  of  the  number  of  share  options  expected  to  vest.  Non-market  vesting  conditions  are 
included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to become exercisable. 
Estimates  are  subsequently  revised,  if  there  is  any  indication  that  the  number  of  share  options 
expected to vest differs from previous estimates. No adjustment to expense recognised in prior 
periods is made if fewer share options ultimately are exercised than vested. 

Upon exercise of share options or warrants the proceeds received net of any directly attributable 
transaction costs up to the nominal value of the shares issued are allocated to share capital and 
the  amount  previously  recognised  in  employee  share-based  compensation  reserve  will  be 
transferred out with any excess being recorded as share premium. 

When  the  share  options  or  warrants  have  vested  and  then  lapsed,  the  amount  previously 
recognised  in  the  employee  share-based  compensation  reserve  is  transferred  to  the  retained 
earnings or accumulated losses. 

33 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

(c) 

Bonus plans 

The Company recognises a liability and an expense for bonuses where contractually obliged or 
where there is a past practice that has created a constructive obligation.  

(d) 

Social obligations 

Wages,  salaries,  contributions  to  the  Russian  Federation  state  pension  and  social  insurance 
funds, paid annual leave, sick leave and bonuses are accrued in the year in which the associated 
services are rendered by the employees of the Group. 

2.14  Provisions 

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as 
a result of a past event, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to 
settle the obligation and a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made. Where 
the time value of money is material, provisions are stated at the present value of the expenditure 
expected to settle the obligation. 

All  provisions  are  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date  and  adjusted  to  reflect  the  current  best 
estimate. 

Where  it  is  not  probable  that  an  outflow  of  economic  benefits  will  be  required,  or  the  amount 
cannot  be  estimated  reliably,  the  obligation  is  disclosed  as  a  contingent  liability,  unless  the 
probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Possible obligations, whose existence will 
only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future uncertain events 
not  wholly  within  control  of  the  Company  are  also  disclosed  as  contingent  liabilities  unless  the 
probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. 

Provisions  for  environmental  restoration,  restructuring  costs  and  legal  claims  are  recognised 
when:  the  group  has  a  present  legal  or  constructive  obligation  as  a  result  of  past  events;  it  is 
probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has 
been  reliably  estimated.  Restructuring  provisions  comprise  lease  termination  penalties  and 
employee termination payments. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.   

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in 
settlement  is  determined  by  considering  the  class  of  obligations  as  a  whole.  A  provision  is 
recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same 
class of obligations may be small.   

Provisions  are  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  expenditures  expected  to  be  required  to 
settle  the  obligation  using  a  pre-tax  rate  that  reflects  current  market  assessments  of  the  time 
value  of  money  and  the  risks  specific  to  the  obligation.  The  increase  in  the  provision  due  to 
passage of time is recognised as interest expense. 

34 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

3 

Critical accounting estimates and judgements 

The  preparation  of  the  historical  financial  information  in  conformity  with  IFRSs  requires 
management  to  make  judgements,  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  application  of 
accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual 
results may differ from these estimates. 

Estimates  and  underlying  assumptions  are  reviewed  on  an  ongoing  basis.  Revisions  to 
accounting  estimates  are  recognised  in  the  year  in  which  the  estimate  are  revised  and  in  any 
future  years  affected.  The  estimates  and  assumptions  that  have  a  significant  risk  of  causing  a 
material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year 
are discussed below: 

3.1 

Income taxes 

The Group is subject to income and other taxes. Significant judgement is required in determining 
the  provision  for  income  tax  and  other  taxes  due  to  complexity  of  the  tax  legislation  of  the 
Russian  Federation.  The  taxation  system  in  the  Russian  Federation  continues  to  evolve  and  is 
characterised  by  frequent  changes  in  legislation  official  pronouncements  and  court  decisions 
which  are  sometimes  contradictory  and  subject  to  varying  interpretation  by  different  tax 
authorities. Taxes are subject to review and investigation by a number of authorities which have 
the authority to impose severe fines penalties and interest charges. A tax year remains open for 
review by the tax authorities during the three subsequent calendar years; however under certain 
circumstances a tax year may remain open longer. 

Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognised  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  the  Group  will  generate 
enough  taxable  profits  to  utilise  deferred  income  tax  recognised.  Significant  management 
judgement  is  required  to  determine  the  amount  of  deferred  tax  assets  recognised,  based  upon 
the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits. Management prepares cash-flow forecasts 
to  support  recoverability  of  deferred  tax  assets.  Cash  flow  models  are  based  on  a  number  of 
assumptions  relating  to  oil  prices,  operating  expenses,  production  volumes,  etc.  These 
assumptions  are  consistent  with  those,  used  by  independent  reserve  engineers.  Management 
also takes into account uncertainties related to future activities of the company and going concern 
considerations. When significant uncertainties exist, deferred tax losses are not recognised even 
if recoverability of these is supported by cash flow forecasts. Refer to further details in note 14.  

3.2 

Provision for decommissioning and environmental restoration 

This provision is significantly affected by changes in technology, laws and regulations which may 
affect the actual cost of decommissioning and environmental restoration to be incurred at a future 
date. The estimate is also impacted by the discount rates used in the provisioning calculations. 
The discount rates used are the Russian Government Bond Rates.   

35 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

As  at 31 December  2013  the  provision  has  been estimated  using  a discount  rate  of  8.43%  (31 
December 2012: 7.3%, 31 December 2011: 6.4%; 31 December 2010: 5.0%) and a core inflation 
rate of 3.4% as at 31 December 2013 (2012: 4.4%).  

3.3 

Impairment of assets 

(a) 

Exploration: 

An impairment exercise will be performed at the end of the exploration and evaluation process.  

When, at the end of the exploration and evaluation stage, commercial reserves are determined to 
exist in respect of a particular field the Company will perform an impairment test in relation to 
costs capitalised. Where reserves are determined in sufficient quantity to justify development, the 
associated assets are transferred to property plant and equipment.  Until conclusion of the 
exploration phase, there can be no certainty that commercial reserves exist. Where commercial 
reserves are determined not to exist, capitalised E&E expenditure is expensed.  

3.4 

Valuations of share options or warrants granted 

The  fair  value  of  share  options  or  warrants  granted  was  calculated  using  the  Black-Scholes 
Pricing Model which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the volatility of 
the  share price.  Because  changes  in  subjective  input  assumptions  can materially  affect  the  fair 
value estimate, in the opinion of the Directors of the Company, the existing model will not always 
necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of the share options. Details of the 
inputs are set out in note 20 to the financial statements.  

4 

 Acquisition of CenGeo 

In July 2013, the Group purchased 100% of the share capital of CenGeo.  

The  acquisition  of  CenGeo  by  the  Group  was  determined  to  be  an  asset  acquisition  due  to 
CenGeo having  no  significant  processes or  outputs.    The  consideration  paid  by  the  Group  was 
$26million settled by the issue of ordinary shares in the Company. 

On  acquisition,  the  Group  acquired  net  liabilities  of  US$8million  and  with  a  value  of  $34million 
attributed to the acquired evaluation and exploration assets. 

5 

Determination of fair value 

A number of the Company's accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair 
value, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. Fair values have been determined 
for measurement and / or disclosure purposes based on the following methods. When applicable, 
further  information  about  the  assumptions  made  in  determining  fair  values  is  disclosed  in  the 
notes specific to that asset or liability. 

36 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

5.1 

Other receivables 

The  fair  value  of  other  receivables  is  estimated  as  the  present  value  of  future  cash  flows, 
discounted  at  the  market  rate  of  interest  at  the  reporting  date.  This fair  value  is  determined for 
disclosure purposes. 

5.2 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 

Fair value, which is determined for disclosure purposes, is calculated based on the present value 
of  future  principal  and  interest  cash  flows,  discounted  at  the  market  rate  of  interest  at  the 
reporting date. The book value of the non derivative financial assets is equal to their fair value. 

6 

Operating expenses 

Directors' fees and salaries 
Share-based compensation 
Accountancy, consulting and other advisory 
fees 
Currency translation differences 
Other expenses 

2013 

1,121 
- 

1,872  
(11) 
                                 1,437  
4,419 

2012 

       503  
    2,172  

         383  
- 
404 
3,462 

7 

Employee benefit expenses (including directors' remuneration) 

Salaries, allowances and benefits in kind 
Share-based compensation 

2013 

1,121 
- 
1,121 

2012 

503 
2,172 
2,675 

Six Directors served during the current year. The remuneration of the highest paid Director was 
US$234,769  (2012:  US$1,594,467).  Details  of  Directors’  benefit  expense  are  disclosed  in  the 
report on remuneration on page 15. 

37 

 
 
                                  
                                  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

8 

Net finance income/(costs) 

Interest on borrowings 
Interest on deposits 
Unwinding of the discount on decommissioning and 
environmental restoration provision  

Total 

9 

Loss before taxation 

Loss before taxation is arrived at after charging: 
Auditors’ remuneration: 
Fee payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit of the 
Company’s financial statements 
Fees payable to the Company’s auditors’ for other services: 

-  Other assurance services 
-  Tax advisory and compliance 

Employee benefits expenses (including Directors’ 
remuneration) 

2013   

(5) 

17 

11 

23 

2012   
(1) 
- 

- 

(1) 

2013 

2012 

75 

45 

969 
30 
1,121 

- 
- 
2,675 

10 

Taxation 

The Company is subject to Jersey income tax at the rate of 0% (2012 0%). 

The  Company  has  significant  unrelieved  tax  losses,  the  utilisation  of  which  is  uncertain  and 
consequently no deferred tax asset has been recognised.  

One of the subsidiaries, SibGeCo, is subject to income tax on its losses as detailed below: 

Income tax benefit  

Deferred income tax benefit 
-  Origination and reversal of temporary differences 

Income tax benefit 

2013   

2012   

42 

42 

-   

-   

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

11 

Exploration and evaluation assets 

Exploration,  
evaluation and 
other property, 
plant and 
equipment 

Licences and 
other 
intangibles 

Decommissioning 
asset 

Construction 
work in 
progress 

Total 

Additions on acquisition 
of Cengeo 
Additions subsequent to 
acquisition 
Change in the estimates 
of decommissioning  
provision 
Exchange difference 
Balance at 31 December 
2013 

17,499 

15,497 

1,862 

- 

34,858 

1,784 

- 

(71) 

- 

- 

(287) 

- 

1,852 

3,636 

(18) 

(16) 

- 

(3) 

(18) 

(3,77) 

19,212 

15,210 

1,828 

1,849 

38,099 

There are no opening balances as the exploration and evaluation assets were acquired through 
the acquisition of Cengeo. 

12 

Property, plant and equipment 

Cost 
Additions  
At 31 December 2013 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment 
Charge for 2013 
At 31 December 2013 

Net book value at 31 December 2012  

Net book value at 31 December 2013 

Office 
equipment 

5 
5 

- 
- 

- 

5 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

13 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

Listed securities: 
Equity securities - USA 
Equity securities - United Kingdom 
 Fair value of listed securities 

2013                 

2012                 

- 
307 
307 

1 
403 
404 

The movement in financial assets at fair value through profit or loss during the year is as follows: 

At 1 January 
Disposals during the year 
Unrealised loss on financial assets at fair value through 
profit or loss 

Realised gain on disposal of financial assets at fair value 
through profit or loss 

At 31 December 

2013 

404 
(127) 

(35) 

65 
307 

2012 

1,166 
(697) 

(100) 

35 
404 

13.1  Fair value measurements recognised in the statement of financial position 

The following table provides an analysis of financial instruments that are measured subsequent to 
initial  recognition  at  fair  value,  grouped  into  level  1  to  3  based  on  the  degree  to  which  the  fair 
value is observable: 

• 

• 

• 

level  1  fair  value  measurements  are  those  derived  from  quoted  prices  (unadjusted)  in 
active markets for identical assets and liabilities; 
level  2  fair  value measurements are  those  derived  from inputs  other  than quoted  prices 
included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as 
prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and 
level 3 fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include 
inputs  for  the  asset  or  liability  that  are  not  based  on  observable  market  data 
(unobservable inputs). 

31 December 2013 
   Financial assets at FVPL  

31 December 2012 
   Financial assets at FVPL  

Level 1  Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

307 

404 

- 

- 

- 

- 

307 

404 

There were no transfers between level 1, 2 and 3 during the year (2012: none). 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

14 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities 

Movements in temporary differences during the year: 

31 December 
2013 

Recognised 
in profit or 
loss 

Exchange 
difference 

Acquired on 
acquisition of 
Cengeo 

Exploration and evaluation asset 
Borrowings 

Deferred tax liabilities 

(3,923) 
- 

(3,923) 

42 
- 

42 

16 
- 

16 

(3,897) 
- 

(3,897) 

There are no opening balances as the deferred tax assets and liabilities were acquired through 
the acquisition of Cengeo. 

Deferred  income  tax assets  are  not  recognised  for  tax  losses  carried forward  to  the  extent  that 
the realisation of the related tax benefit through future taxable profits are not probable. The Group 
has not recognised deferred income tax assets of $9,637,810. 

The deferred tax liabilities expire in 2018-2023. 

15 

Other receivables 

VAT receivable 
Other taxes prepaid 
Advances / prepayments 

Total 

2013 
662 
39 
127 

828 

2012 
- 
- 
44 

44 

16 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  are  represented  by  cash  at  bank  and  the  majority  of  cash  held  is 
denominated in USD.  

The  Company's  exposure  to  credit  risk  and  impairment  losses  related  to  cash  and  cash 
equivalents are disclosed in Note 26. 

17 

Share capital 

At 31 December 2013 
Authorised 
(par value of US$0.20 each) 

Number of 
ordinary shares 

Value 

250,000,000 

50,000 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Issued and fully paid 
(par value of US$0.20 each) 

At 31 December 2012 
Authorised 
(par value of US$0.01 each) 

Issued and fully paid 
(par value of US$0.01 each) 

57,161,189 

11,432 

5,000,000,000 

50,000 

375,244,344 

3,752 

On 7 June 2013 21,846,635 ordinary shares of US$0.01 each were issued on conversion of the 
Loan Note (see note 21). 

On  3  July  2013  the  5,000,000,000  ordinary  shares  of  US$0.01  each  in  the  authorised  share 
capital (whether issued or otherwise) of the Company (being US$50,000,000 in aggregate) were 
consolidated and divided into 250,000,000 ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.20. 

On  the  date  of  consolidation,  there  were  397,090,979  shares  of  US0.01  in  issue  which  were 
converted to an equivalent of 19,854,548 ordinary shares of US$0.20 each.  

On  5  July  2013  11,828,935  ordinary  shares  of  US$0.20  each  were  issued  for  consideration  of 
US$13,000,000. 

On  5  July  2013  23,657,870  ordinary  shares  of  US$0.20  each  were  issued  for  consideration  of 
US$26,000,000, being the acquisition price of Cengeo. 

On  30  December  2013,  1,819,836  shares  of  US$0.20  were  issued  for  a  consideration  of 
US$2,000,000. 

18 

Dividends 

In  accordance  with  the  relevant  legislation  applicable  to  the  Group,  the  Group's  distributable 
reserves  are  limited  to  the  balance  of  retained  earnings  as  recorded  in  the  Group's  statutory 
financial  statements  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Accounting  Standards.  For  all 
comparable years the Group had accumulated losses in accordance with the statutory financial 
statements and therefore no dividends could be declared or paid.  

19 

Loss per share 

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to owners of the Company by 
the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year.   

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Diluted loss per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares 
outstanding to assume conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.  The Company has two 
categories of dilutive potential ordinary shares: convertible loans and share options/warrants.  

Loss attributable to owners of the Company - Basic 
Loss attributable to owners of the Company - Diluted 

Weighted  average  number  of  shares  for  calculating  basic  loss 
per share 
Effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares - warrants 
Effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares - share options 
Effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares - convertible loan 
Weighted average number of shares for calculating diluted loss 
per share 

Basic loss per share 

Diluted loss per share 

2013 

2012 

(3,831) 
(3,831) 

(3,528) 
(3,527) 

 Number of  
Shares 

 Number of  
Shares 

57,161,189  375,244,344 
527,500    10,550,000 
14,016,667 
3,623,188 

2,367,500 
- 

60,056,189  403,434,199 

US cents  

US cents  

(6.70) 

(0.94) 

(6.38) 

(0.87) 

The diluted loss per share for 2013 is US Cents 6.38 taking into account the existing warrants, 
share options and in the previous year, the convertible Loan Note (2012: US Cents 0.87).  

20 

Share-based payments 

20.1  Share options 

At 31 December 2013, the Company had a total of 2,367,500 outstanding share options (2012: 
47,350,000). The only movement in share options was a result of the share consolidation which 
took place during the year. 

Options  which  are  lapsed  or  are  cancelled  prior  to  their  exercise  date  are  deleted  from  the 
register of outstanding options and are available for re-use.  

Date of grant 

Number 

Option 
exercise price 
(pence) 

Number 

Option 
exercise price 
(pence) 

2013 

2012 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

11 January 2005 
23 March 2006 
23 February 2007 
11 January 2008 
31 October 2012 

117,500 
10,000 
7,500 
232,500 
2,000,000 
2,367,500 

423 
1904 
653 
445 
20 

2,350,000 
200,000 
150,000 
4,650,000 
40,000,000 
47,350,000 

21.15 
95.20 
32.65 
22.25 
1.00 

No  share  options  were  granted  during  the  year  ended  31  December  2013. On  3  July  2013  the 
authorised ordinary share capital of the Company was consolidated and divided into 250,000,000 
ordinary  shares  with  a  par  value  of  $0.20.  As  such  the  share  options  have  been  adjusted 
accordingly. 

During the year ended 31 December 2012 a total of 40,000,000 share options were issued to the 
current Directors of the Company.   

20.2 

Initial Share Options 

The  Company  adopted  an  employee  Share  Option  Scheme  on  4  March  2005  (Share  Option 
Scheme)  in  order  to  incentivise  key  management  and  staff.  The  following  share  options  were 
granted  to  the  former  employees  and  directors  of  the  Company  under  the  Initial  Share  Option 
Scheme adopted on 4 March 2005 (Initial Share Options) and are still in existence: 

2013 

2012 

Number 

Outstanding at 1 January  
Share consolidation 
Outstanding at 31 December 

7,350,000 
(6,982,500) 
367,500 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence) 
24.11 

482.20 

Number 

7,350,000 
- 
7,350,000 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence) 
24.11 

24.11 

Share options granted under the Initial Share Option scheme were exercisable as follows: 

• 

• 

• 

the first 30% of the options between the first and tenth anniversary of the date of grant; 

the  next  30%  of  the  options  between  the  second  and  tenth  anniversary  of  the  date  of 
grant; and 

the remaining options between the third and tenth anniversary of the date of grant. 

Equity-settled  share-based  payments  are  measured  at  fair  value  (excluding  the  effect  of  non-
market-based vesting conditions) as determined through use of the binomial option pricing model, 
at the date of grant. The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s 
estimate of shares that will eventually vest. The options vested immediately. 

The binomial option pricing model applied to the grant of share options in respect of calculating 
the fair values. Key inputs to the model are as follows: 

Share options 

11 January 
2005 

23 March  
2006 

23 February 
2007 

11 January 
2008 

Share price at grant  
Option exercise price 
Expected life of option 
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend yield 

20.75p 
21.15p 
10 years 
60 - 65% 
5.0% 

93.25p 
95.20p 
10 years 
60 - 65% 
5.0% 

36.25p 
32.65p 
10 years 
60 - 65% 
5.0% 

22.25p 
22.25p 
10 years 
60 - 65% 
5.0% 

Volatility has been based on the historical trading performance of the Company and comparable 
companies. The risk free rate has been determined based on 10 year government bonds. 

Total  fair  value  as  considered  in  the  employee  share-based  compensation  reserve  for  Initial 
Share Options was US$1,235,000 (2012 US$1,235,000). 

20.3  Directors Share Options 

Share options granted to the current Directors of the Company on 31 October 2012 (Directors 
Share Options) were exercisable at any time between the commencement of the option period 
and  third  anniversary  of  the  date  of  grant.    Share  options  granted  under  this  scheme  were  as 
follows: 

2013 

2012 

Number 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence) 

Number 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence) 

Outstanding at 1 January 
Issued in the year 
Share consolidation 
Outstanding at 31 December 

40,000,000 
- 
(38,000,000) 
2,000,000 

1.00 
- 

- 

40,000,000 

20.00 

40,000,000 

- 
1.00 

1.00 

Equity-settled  share-based  payments  are  measured  at  fair  value  (excluding  the  effect  of  non-
market-based vesting conditions) as determined through use of the Black-Scholes technique, at 
the  date of  grant.  The  fair  value  determined  at  the  grant  date  of  the  equity-settled share-based 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s 
estimate of shares that will eventually vest. The options vested immediately. 

The  Black-Scholes  formula  is  the  option  pricing  model  applied  to  the  grant  of  share  options  in 
respect of calculating the fair values. Key inputs to the model are as follows: 

Share price at grant  
Option exercise price 
Expected life of option 
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend yield 
Risk free rate 

Fair value per share option 
Exchange rate used (USD:GBP) 

Share options 
31 October 
2012 

3.45p 
1.00p 
3 years 
216.1% 
0.0% 
0.49% 

3.342p 
1.61529 

Volatility has been based on the Company’s trading performance from 1 January 2011. The risk 
free rate has been determined based on 5 year government bonds. 

Total fair value as considered in the employee share-based compensation reserve for Directors 
Share Options was US$2,172,332 (2012: US$2,172,332). 

20.4  Warrants 

In August 2011, the Company granted 10,550,000 warrants with an exercise price of 5.0 pence, 
vesting from 2 August 2011 to 2 August 2014. These were issued to the following: 

Peter Bayard Moss 
Robert John Richard Owen 
ECK Partners Holdings Limited 
Old Church Street Holdings Limited 

2013 
Number  
(after share 
consolidation) 
12,500  
15,000  
250,000  
250,000 
527,500 

2012 
Number 

250,000  
300,000  
5,000,000  
5,000,000  
10,550,000 

All  shares  issued  in  respect  of  the  warrants  rank  pari-passu  in  all  respects  with  the  ordinary 
shares.  Following  the  share  consolidation  on  3  July  2013,  there  was  no  mechanism  for  the 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

adjustment  of  the  warrants  in  issue.  The  warrant  holders  gave  their  consent  for  adjustment  as 
shown above. 

Equity-settled  share-based  payments  are  measured  at  fair  value  (excluding  the  effect  of  non-
market-based vesting conditions) as determined through use of the Black-Scholes technique, at 
the  date of  grant.  The  fair  value  determined  at  the  grant  date  of  the  equity-settled share-based 
payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s 
estimate of shares that will eventually vest. The options vested immediately. 

The Black-Scholes formula is the option pricing model applied to the grant of warrants in respect 
of calculating the fair values. Key inputs to the model are as follows: 

Share price at grant  
Warrant exercise price 
Expected life of warrants 
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend yield 
Risk free rate 

Fair value per share warrant 
Exchange rate used (USD:GBP) 

Share 
warrants 
2 August 2011 
3.85p 
5.00p 
3 years 
217.5% 
0% 
5.3% 

3.075p 
1.54 

Volatility has been based on the Company’s trading performance from 1 January 2011. The risk 
free rate has been determined based on 5 year government bonds. 

Total  fair  value as considered in  the  employee  share-based  compensation  reserve  for  warrants 
was US$498,943 (2012: US$498,943). 

20.5  Total share options and warrants 

Total fair value for both share options and warrants as considered in the employee share-based 
compensation reserve was US$3,906,275 (2012: US$3,906,275). 

US$  nil  of  the  employee  share-based  compensation  is  included  in  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income for 2013 (2012: US$2,172,332). 

No liabilities were recognised due to share-based payment transactions.  

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

21 

Borrowings 

21.1  Non-current borrowings 

Borrowings 
Convertible loan note 
Total current debt 

2013 

- 

- 

2012 

345 

345 

The Company's exposure to liquidity risk related to borrowings is disclosed in Note 26. 

Convertible loan note 

The Company issued an unsecured 1.0% interest bearing convertible loan note (Loan Note), at 
the  par  amount  of  £500,000  on  15  September  2012  (Issue  Date)  to  be  drawn  down  in  two 
tranches  of  £250,000  each.  The  Loan  Note  matures  three  years  from  the  issue  date  at  the 
nominal value of £500,000 or at any time during the life of the Loan Note, can be converted into 
shares  at  the  holder's  option  at  the  rate  of  1  share  per  £0.023.    The  values  of  the  liability 
component and the equity conversion component were determined at the issuance of the Loan 
Note. 

The fair value of the liability component, included in non-current borrowings, was calculated using 
a  market  interest  rate  for  an  equivalent  non-convertible  loan  note.    The  residual  amount, 
representing the value of the equity conversion option, is included in shareholders' equity in other 
reserves. 

The first tranche of £250,000 was drawn down during the year ended 31 December 2012, and the 
second tranche of £250,000 was drawn down in the six month period ended 30 June 2013. The 
Loan  Note  together  with  accrued  interest  totalling  £502,473  ($763,127)  was  converted  into 
21,846,635 ordinary shares on 7 June 2013. 

The Loan Note was recognised in the statement of financial position as follows: 

Face value of Loan Note 
Equity component 
Liability component on initial recognition 
Interest expense 
Liability component 

2013 

2012 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

405 
(61) 
344 
1 
345 

The  fair  value  of  the  liability  component  of  the  Loan  Note  at  31  December  2013  amounted  to 
US$nil (2012: US$345,583).  The fair value was calculated using cash flows discounted at a rate 
based on the borrowings rate of 6.64%. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

22 

Decommissioning and environmental restoration provision 

The  decommissioning  and  environmental  restoration  provision  represents  the  net  present  value 
of the estimated future obligations for abandonment and site restoration costs which are expected 
to be incurred at the end of the production lives of the oil fields which is estimated to be in excess 
of 20 years. 

Provision as at 1 January 
Assumed in acquisition of CenGeo 
Unwinding of discount 
Change in estimate of decommissioning and 
environmental restoration provision  
Exchange difference 
Provision as at 31 December 

2013   

- 
4,358 
(18) 

(18) 
61 

4,383 

This  provision  has  been  created  based  on  the  Company's  internal  estimates  of  the  liability 
assumed  in  the  acquisition  of  CenGeo  Holdings.  Assumptions,  based  on  the  current  economic 
environment, have been made which the directors believe are a reasonable basis upon which to 
estimate  the  future  liability.  These  estimates  are  reviewed  regularly  to  take  into  account  any 
material  changes  to  the  assumptions.  However,  actual  decommissioning  costs  will  ultimately 
depend  upon  future  market  prices  for  the  necessary  dismantlement  works  required  which  will 
reflect market conditions at the relevant time. Furthermore, the timing is likely to depend on when 
the fields cease to produce at economically viable rates. This in turn will depend upon future oil 
prices and future operating costs which are inherently uncertain. 

The provision reflects two liabilities: one is to dismantle the property, plant and equipment assets 
and  the  other  is  to  restore  the  environment.  The  decommissioning  part  of  the  provision  is 
reversed when an oil well is abandoned and corresponding capitalised costs are expensed .The 
environmental  part  of  the  provision  is  reversed  when  the  expenses  on  restoration  are  actually 
incurred.  

The reversal of provision arises when the corresponding capitalised costs directly attributable to 
an exploration and evaluation asset are expensed as it is determined that a commercial discovery 
has not been achieved and the restoration of the corresponding environment has been made.  

The  discount  rates  used  to  determine  the  Decommissioning  and  environmental  restoration 
provision is  based  on  the  Russian  Government Bond Rates. The  provision has  been  estimated 
using  a  discount  rate  of  8.43%  (31  December  2012:  7.3%;  31  December  2011:  6.4%).  The 
change is estimate above is solely as a result of the change in the discount rates.  

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

23 

Trade and other payables 

Accrued expenses 
Trade payables 
Payables to employees 

Total 

24 

Operating leases  

2013 
145 

11 

16 

172 

2012 
81 

- 

- 

81 

The Company had no operating lease commitments at 31 December 2013 (2012: none). 

25 

Capital commitments  

The Company had no material capital commitments at 31 December 2013 (2012: none). 

26 

Financial risk management 

26.1  Overview 

The Company has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments: 

• 
• 
• 
• 

liquidity risk 
foreign currency risk 
Credit risk 
Capital risk 

This  note  presents  information  about  the  Company's  exposure  to  each  of  the  above  risks,  the 
Company's  objectives,  policies  and  processes  for  measuring  and  managing  risk,  and  the 
Company's management of capital. Further quantitative disclosures are included throughout this 
historical financial information. 

The Company's risk management policies deal with identifying and analysing the risks faced by 
the Company, setting appropriate risk limits and controls, and monitoring risks and adherence to 
limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market 
conditions  and  the  Company's  activities.  The  Company,  through  its  internal  policies,  aims  to 
develop  a  disciplined  and  constructive  control  environment  in  which  all  employees  understand 
their roles and obligations. 

26.2 

Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they 
fall due. The Company monitors the risk of cash shortfalls by means of current liquidity planning. 
The Company's approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

have  sufficient  liquidity  to  meet  its  liabilities  when  due,  under  both  normal  and  stressed 
conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company's reputation. 
This  approach  is  used  to  analyse  payment  dates  associated  with  financial  assets,  and  also  to 
forecast  cash  flows  from  operating  activities.  The  contractual  maturities  of  financial  liabilities 
presented including estimated interest payments.  

Under  the  terms  of  the  Koltogor  licence,  the  Company  has  already  undertaken  all  obligations 
required for 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements.  

Financial liabilities as at 31 
December 2013 
Trade and other payables 

Total 

Financial liabilities as at 31 
December 2012 
Unsecured borrowings 
Trade and other payables 

Total 

Contractual 
amount 

Less than 1 
year 

1-2 years 

Over 5 years 

197 

197 

197 

197 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Contractual 
amount 

Less than 1 
year 

1-2 years 

Over 5 years 

345 
81 

426 

- 
81 

81 

- 
- 

- 

345 
- 

345 

There is no material difference between the carrying value and fair value of financial liabilities. 

26.3  Foreign exchange rate risk 

The Company  does  not  have  any  significant exposure  to foreign  currency  risk  as  no significant 
sales,  purchases  and  borrowings  are  denominated  in  a  currency  other  than  the  functional 
currency of SibGeCo, which is the RUB. 

The  Group's  main  operations  are  within  the  Russian  Federation  when  all  of  its  costs  and 
financing are denominated in RUB. The Company is exposed to foreign exchange movements to 
the extent that its US$ holdings become mismatched with its RUB commitments.  

The  Group  does  not  currently  enter  into  forward  exchange  contracts  or  otherwise  hedge  its 
potential foreign exchange exposure. 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

26.4  Credit risk 

Credit risk arises principally from the Group’s financial investments, trade and other receivables 
and cash and cash equivalents. It is the risk that the value of the Group’s investments will not be 
recovered  and  the  risk  that  the  counterparty  fails  to  discharge  its  obligation  in  respect  of  the 
Company’s trade and other receivables and cash balances. The maximum exposure to credit risk 
equals the carrying value of these items in the financial statements.  

Credit risk with cash and cash equivalents is reduced by placing funds with banks with acceptable 
credit ratings and indicated government support where applicable. 

26.5  Capital risk 

The  Company  considers  its  capital  and  reserves  attributable  to  equity  shareholders  to  be  the 
Company’s  capital.  In  managing  its  capital,  the  Company’s  primary  long-term  objective  is  to 
provide a return for its equity shareholders through capital growth. Going forward the Company 
may seek additional investment funds and also maintain a gearing ratio that balances risks and 
returns  at  an  acceptable  level  and  also  to  maintain  a  sufficient  funding  base  to  enable  the 
Company to meet its working capital needs. Details of the Company’s capital is disclosed in the 
statement of changes in equity. 

There have been no other significant changes to the Company’s management objectives, policies 
and processes in the year nor has there been any change in what the Company considers to be 
capital. 

The Company is not subject to externally imposed capital requirements. 

27 

Commitments and contingents 

27.1 

Insurance 

The  insurance  industry  in  the  Russian  Federation  is  in  a  developing  state  and  many  forms  of 
insurance  protection  common  in  other  parts  of  the  world  are  not  generally  available.  The 
Company does not have full coverage for its business interruption or third party liability in respect 
of property or environmental damage arising from accidents on Company property or relating to 
Company operations. Until the Company obtains adequate insurance coverage there is a risk that 
the loss or destruction of certain assets could have a material adverse effect on the Company's 
operations and financial position. 

27.2 

Litigation 

The  Company  was  involved  in  the  number  of  court  procedures  (both  as  a  plaintiff  and  as  a 
defendant) arising in the course of business. In the opinion of management there are no current 
legal proceedings or other claims outstanding which could have a material adverse effect on the 
results  of  operation  financial  position  or  cash  flows  of  the  Company  and  which  have  not  been 
accrued or disclosed in this historical financial information. 

52 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

27.3  Taxation contingencies 

The  taxation  system  in  the  Russian  Federation  continues  to  evolve  and  is  characterised  by 
frequent changes in legislation official pronouncements and court decisions which are sometimes 
contradictory and subject to varying interpretation by different tax authorities. Taxes are subject to 
review  and  investigation  by  a  number  of  authorities  which  have  the  authority  to  impose  severe 
fines  penalties  and  interest  charges.  A  tax  year  remains  open  for  review  by  the  tax  authorities 
during  the  three  subsequent  calendar  years;  however  under  certain  circumstances  a  tax  year 
may  remain  open  longer.  Recent  events  within  the  Russian  Federation  suggest  that  the  tax 
authorities  are  taking  a more  assertive  and  substance-based position  in  their  interpretation  and 
enforcement of tax legislation. 

These circumstances may create tax risks in the Russian Federation that are substantially more 
significant than in other countries. Management believes that it has provided adequately for tax 
liabilities based on its interpretations of applicable Russian tax legislation official pronouncements 
and  court  decisions.  However  the  interpretations  of  the  relevant  authorities  could  differ  and  the 
effect  on  this  historical  financial  information  if  the  authorities  were  successful  in  enforcing  their 
interpretations could be significant. 

27.4  Environmental matters 

The  Group's  operations  are  in  the  upstream  oil  industry  in  the  Russian  Federation  and  its 
activities may have an impact on the environment. The enforcement of environmental regulations 
in the Russian Federation is evolving and the enforcement posture of government authorities is 
continually  being  reconsidered.  The  Group  periodically  evaluates  its  obligation  related  thereto. 
The  outcome  of  environmental  liabilities  under  proposed  or  future  legislation,  or  as  a  result  of 
stricter interpretation and enforcement of existing legislation, cannot reasonably be estimated at 
present, but could be material. 

Under the current levels of enforcement of existing legislation, management believes there are no 
significant  liabilities  in  addition  to  amounts  which  are  already  accrued  and  which  would  have  a 
material adverse effect on the financial position of the Group. 

28 

Related party transactions 

28.1  Control relationships 

Related parties include shareholders, affiliates and entities under common ownership and control 
with the Company and key management personnel.  

53 

 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

28.2  Management remuneration 

There  are  no  transactions  or  balances  with  key  management  and  their  close  family  members, 
except for remuneration in the form of salary and bonuses. 

Due to the small organisational structure of the Company all salaries expenses are related to the 
key management personnel (refer to Note 7).  

28.3  Other related parties 

The Company’s largest shareholder, ARA Capital subscribed for additional shares totalling 
US$15 million during the year. 

The convertible loan note provided to the Company by ARA Capital during 2012, totalling 
£500,000, was converted (together with accrued interest) into Zoltav shares on 7 June 2013.  

ARA Capital also provided the Company with an unsecured loan of £250,000 on 9 April 2013. 
This was repaid fully (together with interest) following completion of the Cengeo acquisition three 
months later. 

On 16 December 2013 the Company signed a Sale and Purchase Agreement with Bandbear 
Limited, currently a 32.5 per cent shareholder in Zoltav, to acquire Royal Atlantic Energy (Cyprus) 
Limited ("Royal Atlantic Energy") which, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, holds the Bortovoy 
Licence (the "Licence"), a 3,215 square kilometre licence in the Saratov Oblast of the Russian 
Federation. The licence contains a number of gas fields, a processing plant located in the West of 
the Licence and significant exploration prospectivity in the East of the Licence 

There were no other related party transactions during the period. 

29 

Events after reporting date 

Proceeds of equity issue 
On  31  March  2014,  Zoltav  received  $5  million  related  to  the  third  tranche  of  the  subscription 
agreement entered with ARA Holdings at the time of the Company’s readmission to AIM following 
the acquisition of SibGeCo. 

On 13 December 2013, the Company signed a Sale and Purchase Agreement with Bandbear 
Limited (the "Vendor"), currently a 29.1 per cent. shareholder in the Company, to acquire RAECL 
(and with it the Bortovoy Licence described above) for US$180 million. The proposed acquisition 
(which is expected to be completed by the end of the second quarter of 2014) will be satisfied 
through the issue of 38,263,095 new Ordinary Shares at an effective price of US$1.60 (100 
pence) per share (equivalent to US$61.22 million); the payment of US$58.94 million in cash ( and 
the assumption of US$60.9 million of bank debt.  

54 

 
 
 
 
 
Zoltav Resources Inc. 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 

(in '000s US dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

30 

Date of approval of financial statements 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 23 May 2014. 

31 

Availability of annual report and financial statements and General Meeting 

 Copies  of  the  Company's  annual  report  and  financial  statements  will  be  sent  to  Registered 
Shareholders  but  will  not  be  sent  to  holders  of  Depository  Interests.  The  annual  report  and 
financial statements will be available for inspection at the Company’s registered office and may 
also be viewed at the Company's website at: www.zoltav.com. Notice of a General Meeting will 
be sent to shareholders in due course. 

55