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A2B Australia

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FY2023 Annual Report · A2B Australia
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2023 Annual Report

A2B Australia Limited
ABN 99 001 958 390

Contents

Executive Chairman’s Report 

Board of Directors 

Corporate Governance  

Operating and Financial Review 

Directors’ Report 

Remuneration Report 

Auditor’s Independence Declaration 

Consolidated Financial Statements 

Shareholder Information  

Corporate Directory 

2

5

6

8

17

22

37

38 

96

98

A2B Annual Report 2023

 
Our Vision

The leading provider of personal transportation 
services and solutions, committed to the success 
of our customers, our people and our stakeholders.

Our Strategy

Improve 
profitability

Grow core 
business

Expand into 
new markets

Our Purpose

Delivering a safe, reliable, sustainable 
personalised transportation experience.

Our Values

Caring

Collaborative

Accountable

Authentic

Progressive

1
1

Executive 
Chairman’s Report

Dear Shareholders,

The 2023 financial year was transformative for A2B. Our strategic and 
operational focus not only returned the Company to profitability but 
has also positioned A2B for further sustainable growth going forward.

A2B is in a much stronger operational and financial 
position today than it was this time last year. This has 
only been possible due to the hard work and strong 
delivery by the A2B Team. I want to thank every 
member of our Team, from taxi drivers and operators, 
to our service, corporate office and our Board, for their 
dedication and commitment that has underpinned the 
successful turnaround in the business. 

Our ‘Better Before Bigger’ strategy 
has delivered 
Implementing our ‘Better Before Bigger’ strategy over the 
past 12 months, that focused on fleet size and fares as the 
main drivers of A2B’s revenue growth, has underpinned 
the strong turnaround in the business that has delivered 
positive financial and operational results for FY23. 

A2B’s nationwide fleet now centres on two top brands 
– 13cabs and Silver Service. We have successfully 
attracted new drivers, and transitioned drivers towards 
these two well-known higher margin taxi brands. 

As a result, our total fleet has grown by 972 cars 
(or 14.2%) during the past 12 months to 7,803 cars as 
at 30 June 2023. Underlying this, the 13cabs and Silver 
Service brands experienced even more encouraging 
growth, up 1,585 cars or 26.7%. 

A2B serviced an average of 9.0 trips per day per car 
in its fleets (up from 8.5 in FY22), with an increasing 
number of trips generated from the 13cabs and Silver 
Service booking channels. This increase reflected our 
new app’s convenience and positive user experience, 
combined with the value proposition these two 
brands bring. 

Increasing demand, combined with fare rises in most 
states during FY23, translated to an increase in fares 
processed of $247.5 million or 40.8%, with total fares 
processed reaching $854.4 million (FY22 $606.9 million), 
roughly 87% of pre-pandemic levels (FY19). Most 
pleasingly, the increased fares processed and growing 
fleet improved profitability for our drivers and operators.

A2B’s financial performance has significantly turned around

2023
$m

147.3

20.1

42.8

27.1

2022
$m

125.1

(9.4)

(22.3)

(27.8)

Change
$m

Change
%

22.2

29.5

65.1

54.9

18%

314%

292%

197%

Financial performance

Underlying revenue

Underlying EBITDA

Statutory EBITDA

Statutory net profit after tax

2 

A2B Annual Report 2023

 A2B is well poised for future growth, 
building on the Team’s work during 
the past 12 months and 
improving industry 
conditions. 

Excluding the impact of one-off transactions to reflect 
the operating performance of the business, revenue 
is up $22.2 million (or 17.7% to $147.3 million). Both 
underlying EBITDA and statutory net profit after tax 
outperformed guidance, with underlying EBITDA 
up $29.5 million to $20.1 million, and statutory net 
profit after tax was up $54.9 million to $27.1 million. 

One-off transactions, reflected in the statutory results, 
include a pre-tax gain of $21.3 million relating to our 
property transactions, and $1.6 million in compensation 
from the NSW Government relating to taxi licence plates.

The right decisions, while challenging, 
have realigned the business 
In FY23, we focused on our core transportation business 
and exited peripheral activities. Introducing new 
technology has streamlined some of our processes, 
including our contact centre. As a result, efficiency has 
improved, with booking automation rates reaching 85% 
in July 2023 (July 2022 51%), reducing our cost base and 
improving customer experience. 

While it was challenging to streamline core operations 
and reduce employee numbers, it was necessary 
to ensure we laid the foundations for a healthier, more 
robust business capable of delivering sustainable growth 
to our drivers, people, customers, and shareholders. 

Our focus on improving our value proposition for drivers 
and passengers continues. A key objective for FY24 
is to implement further significant enhancements for 
drivers via a $3.5 million investment to upgrade all in-car 
technology to ensure the continuity of our payments 
processing infrastructure (before 3G is switched off 
in June 2024). This project will simplify our technology 
platform and further enhance passenger and 
driver experience.

Enhancing shareholder value – dividend 
declared and capital growth 
Two of the ‘Better Before Bigger’ strategy’s main goals 
were for A2B’s core operations to deliver sustainable 
profits by:

1)  creating positive free cash flow; and

2)  unlocking value through the return of capital 
to shareholders from property divestments.

The strategy implemented has delivered significant 
earnings and cash flow improvement. 

In May 2022, a registered qualified valuer independently 
valued A2B’s portfolio of three properties (two in Sydney 
and one in Melbourne) between $102 million and 
$114 million. During the course of FY23, we entered 
into contracts to sell the two Sydney properties for 
a combined value of $97 million and are now working 
to sell the remaining property in Melbourne. 

The total net proceeds from the sales of the two Sydney 
properties (after deal costs and tax) are $92.8 million. 
In addition to returning capital to shareholders, A2B will 
use some of the proceeds to repay debt and for working 
capital purposes. 

The successful delivery of our strategy has enabled 
the Board to pay a fully franked dividend of $0.05 per 
share for FY23. In addition, the Board intends to declare 
a further special fully franked dividend of $0.55 per 
share following receipt of proceeds from the sale of 
the O’Riordan Street property currently scheduled for 
settlement in mid-December 2023. 

The Board has set a dividend policy of providing 
a minimum dividend payout of 50% underlying 
attributable profit at every reporting period commencing 
from the second half of FY24. The Board’s ability to make 
these dividend commitments reflects the success of the 
operational strategy we have implemented.

3
3

Executive Chairman’s Report (continued)

Board and leadership 
Over the past year, A2B further strengthened its Board 
and leadership team through the appointments of Brent 
Cubis (Non-executive Director) and Howard Edelman 
(General Counsel & Company Secretary). 

With the Company’s balance sheet repaired, dividends 
reinstated including a planned special dividend, and 
successfully returning A2B to profitability by right-sizing 
its cost structure, we are well placed to continue 
growing in FY24 and beyond. 

Mr Cubis joined the Board in October 2022 as an 
independent non-executive director and Chair of the 
Audit and Risk Committee. He brings more than 20 
years of Board and advisory experience to A2B, having 
been CFO at Cochlear, Nine Network Australia, and 
Prime Media Limited. 

In January 2023, Mr Edelman joined A2B’s senior 
executive team. He has close to 30 years of corporate 
experience at leading companies such as Australian 
Super, Super Retail Group, AUB Group, and Real Pet 
Food Company.

Positive outlook for continued growth 
We remain committed to our vision to be the leading 
provider of personalised transportation services and 
solutions in Australia, dedicated to the success of our 
customers, people, and stakeholders. A2B is well poised 
for future growth, building on the Team’s work during 
the past 12 months and improving industry conditions 
post COVID-19. 

As we head into FY24, fleet growth is continuing with 
150 cars added since 30 June 2023. Positive factors 
such as rising migration levels, an improvement in 
vehicle supply, along with the removal of restrictions 
on taxi license plates as a result of deregulation in 
NSW, will assist with further growth. However, some 
wider economic factors such as the recent decline in 
consumer spending may soften fares in the near term. 

Thank you 
In closing, on behalf of the Board, I would like to thank 
the A2B Team for its drive, dedication, and continued 
focus as we complete our reset. Thanks also to the 
drivers and operators partnering with A2B to deliver 
a critical service to our communities. And finally, thank 
you to our shareholders for your ongoing support as we 
deliver on the Company’s full potential. 

A2B is well placed to continue growing profitably and 
be in a position to lead the personal transportation 
sector in Australia. We have an exciting 12 months 
ahead as we benefit from upcoming structural and 
regulatory changes and underlying growth in demand 
and supply.

Yours sincerely,

Mark Bayliss  
Executive Chairman

4 

A2B Annual Report 2023

Board of Directors

Mark Bayliss
Executive Chairman 

Mark was appointed as Executive Chairman of the Company on 7 March 2022 and is also a non-executive 

director of Ecofibre Limited. Mark was previously Executive Chairman and CEO of ASX listed business 

technology group, CSG Ltd. His previous executive roles include being CEO of Grays eCommerce Group 

Limited, and CEO of Quick Service Restaurants Holdings, a national fast-food chain of 630 restaurants. Mark 

has spent four years as a Partner at Anchorage Capital, a private equity fund specialising in the turnaround 

of underperforming businesses. Mark has also performed roles as Executive Chairman of Burger King (NZ), 

and as Chief Financial Officer of Australian Discount Retail and Chief Financial Officer of Fairfax Media Limited. 

Mark has a Bachelor of Science from the London School of Economics and is a member of the Institute 

of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales and the Australian Institute of Company Directors. 

Brent Cubis
Independent Non‑Executive Director

Brent was appointed as a Director of A2B on 3 October 2022. He is Chairman of the Audit and Risk 

Committee. Brent is a highly experienced Non-executive Director, Advisory Board Member and CFO 

mentor with over 30 years of board level experience in senior finance roles. Brent is currently a Non-

executive Director of ARN Media Limited, EML Payments Limited, SilverChain Group, Carbon Cybernetics, 

and leading youth cancer charity Canteen Australia. His previous roles have included CFO of Cochlear Ltd, 

CFO of Nine Network Australia and a Non-executive Director of Prime Media Group Limited.  

Brent has a Bachelor of Commerce (Finance/Accounting and Information Systems) from the University 

of New South Wales, is a Chartered Accountant and a Graduate Member of the Australian Institute 

of Company Directors.

Jennifer Horrigan
Independent Non‑Executive Director

Jennifer was appointed as a Director in September 2020. She is Chair of the Remuneration and Nominations 

Committee and a member of the Audit and Risk Committee. Jennifer brings 25 years of experience across 

investment banking, financial communications and investor relations and was formerly the Chief Operating 

Officer in Australia of the independent investment bank Greenhill Australia (previously Greenhill Caliburn). 

Jennifer is Chairman of Dexus Asset Management Limited (includes Dexus Industria REIT (ASX: DXI) and 

Dexus Convenience Retail REIT (ASX: DXC)) and a Director of unlisted AMP Capital Funds Management 

Limited, AMP Investment Services Pty Limited and Yarra Funds Management Limited.  

Jennifer’s qualifications include a Bachelor of Business (QUT), a Graduate Diploma in Applied Finance 

(FINSIA) and a Graduate Diploma in Management (AGSM). She is a member of the Australian Institute 

of Company Directors. 

Clifford Rosenberg
Independent Non‑Executive Director

Clifford was appointed as a Director in August 2017. He is a member of the Audit and Risk Committee and 

the Remuneration and Nominations Committee. Clifford is currently a Non-executive Director of JSE listed 

Bid Corporation and ASX listed TechnologyOne Limited. Clifford was previously a Non-executive Director of 

Afterpay Limited (2017–2020) and Nearmap Limited (2011–2022) and has over 25 years of experience in the 

digital space as an entrepreneur and as an executive, with specific experience in disrupting businesses. His 

previous executive roles include Managing Director, South-East Asia, Australia & New Zealand for LinkedIn 

(2009–2017), Managing Director of Yahoo! Australia & New Zealand (2003–2006). 

Clifford holds a Master of Science in Management (Honours) from the Ben Gurion University of the Negev, and 

a Bachelor of Business Science (Honours) in Economics and Marketing from the University of Cape Town. 

5

Corporate Governance 

A2B believes that robust corporate governance practices, internal control systems and an effective 
risk management framework will contribute to the responsible and sustainable creation of long-term 
value for the Company’s shareholders. 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE HIGHLIGHTS 

The Company continued to focus on corporate governance during FY23, reflecting the Board’s 
commitment to fostering a strong governance culture. Key highlights included: 

• 

• 

• 

Succession  planning  and  leadership:  A  key  focus  of  the  Board  during  FY23  was  the 
management of  the  leadership  at  the  Company.  Mark  Bayliss  continues in  the role  as 
Executive  Chairman  following  the  short  period  of  Daniella  Fonterra  acting  as  CEO  & 
Managing  Director.  Mark  Bayliss  will  continue  to  lead  the  Company  in  the  role  of 
Executive Chairman, for the foreseeable future.  

Modern Slavery compliance: Since the enactment of the Modern Slavery Act 2018 (Cth), 
the  Company  has  continued  to  review  and  improve  its  procurement  and  supplier 
management practices with regard to mitigating potential risk areas for modern slavery 
practices in its operations and supply chain. This has resulted in continued enhancements 
to  certain  A2B  contracts  and  supplier  on-boarding  processes  as  reflected  in  the 
Company’s most recent Modern Slavery Statement. 

Board  and Committee  Charters:  Updates  to  the  Board  and  Committee Charters  have 
been approved by the Board. 

Role of the Board  

The Board is responsible for the corporate governance of the Group. The Board continually reviews 
the Company’s governance policies and practices to ensure that they remain appropriate in light 
of changes in corporate governance expectations and developments. 

The Board is committed to instilling a culture where its people are expected to behave in a lawful, 
ethical and socially responsible manner. Details on the standards of ethics and conduct that the 
Company’s  representatives  are  expected  to  follow  can  be  found  in  A2B’s  Code  of  Conduct, 
available on the A2B website. 

The  Board  reviews  and  approves  the  strategic  direction  of  the  Company  and  oversees 
Management’s  implementation  of  the  Company’s  business  model  and  achievement  of  the 
Company’s  strategy.  The  Board  has  delegated  responsibility  for  overseeing  the  day-to-day 
operation of the Company to management.  

Board Committees 

The Board also delegates a number of responsibilities to its Committees, as set out in their respective 
Charters.  

The  Audit  and  Risk  Committee  is  responsible  for  overseeing  the  Company’s  financial  reporting 
process, external and internal audit, processes for monitoring compliance with laws, regulations and 
the Code of Conduct, and processes for identifying and managing risk.  

The Remuneration and  Nomination  Committee is responsible  for  assisting  the  Board  with  Director 
nominations and Board succession planning, and the Company’s remuneration framework. 

6 

A2B Annual Report 2023

6 

 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

Board composition and performance 

The Board currently comprises of three Non-executive Directors and one Executive Chairman.  

The  Board  believes  that  its  current  composition  represents  a  depth  and  breadth  of  skills  and 
experience that will allow it to continue operating effectively. For details about the Directors and 
their experience, qualifications and Committee memberships, refer to page 5. 

The Board as a whole discusses and analyses its performance during the year, including suggestions 
for change or improvement. For more details about the process for the performance evaluation of 
the Board, as well as its Committees, individual Directors and executive KMPs, refer to page 10 of 
the 2023 Corporate Governance Statement and the Company’s Performance Evaluation Policy. 

A2B’s Values and Culture 

The Company has five core values as set out in A2B’s Code of Conduct. These values underpin all 
activities of the Group and are embedded in its leadership. 

Caring 

Collaborative 

Authentic 

Accountable 

Progressive 

•  We care about 
our business, our 
customers, each 
other. We care 
about safety, 
quality, reliability 
and having fun. 

•  We work 

together as one 
connected 
Team, including 
our customers 
and our 
partners. 

•  We are straight 
up. We call it as 
it is with respect 
for each other. 

•  We keep our 

•  We are 

word and take 
responsibility 
for our work.  

innovative, 
we keep 
moving 
forward and 
are goal 
oriented. 

Governance policies 

The Board has put in place a suite of policies, all of which are available on the A2B website. They 
set  out  the  Company’s  governance  arrangements  in  relation  to  matters  such  as  speaking  up, 
securities trading, shareholder communication, market disclosures, anti-bribery and corruption, and 
diversity. An overview of some of the key policies of the Company can be found on pages 11 to 16 
of the 2023 Corporate Governance Statement. 

A2B  values  diversity  and  inclusiveness  in  the  workforce  and  recognises  that  diversity  drives  the 
Company’s ability to attract, retain, motivate and develop the best talent and deliver the highest 
quality  services  to  its  customers.  Details  about  the  Company’s  measurable  objectives  and  its 
progress in achieving them in FY23 can be found on page 12 of the 2023 Corporate Governance 
Statement. 

Approach to risk management 

The Board, in consultation with the Audit and Risk Committee, is responsible for reviewing, ratifying 
and monitoring the Company’s systems of risk management. The Audit and Risk Committee advises 
the  Board  on  high-level  risk  related  matters  and  oversees  processes  to  ensure  that  there  is  an 
adequate system of internal control and management of business risk, and regular reviews of those 
controls and relevant policies and procedures are undertaken.  

The  CEO  and  Managing  Director  (a  role  currently  performed  by  the  Executive  Chairman)  and 
Management are responsible for developing and promoting the appropriate management of risk 
and  the  ongoing  maintenance  of  the  control  environment.  Refer  to  pages  16  to  17  of  the  2023 
Corporate Governance Statement for additional information about the Company’s risk framework. 
An overview of the material risks affecting the company can be found on pages 15 to 16. 

Additional details about the Company’s corporate governance are available in the 2023 Corporate 
Governance Statement, available on the Company’s website at www.a2baustralia.com/investor-
center/corporate-governance/. 

7 

7

 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

Operating and Financial Review 

Principal activities 

A2B’s  principal  activities  are  to  serve  Passengers,  Drivers  and  Taxi  Operators  by  facilitating  taxi 
bookings, trips and payments. A2B is a leader in the Australian personal transportation sector under 
the  “13cabs” and  “Silver  Service”  brands.  With  approximately  8,000 vehicles in its  networks  across 
Australia, A2B is a leading participant in Australia’s personal transportation market. 

A2B has two core revenue streams – network subscription and payment processing. A2B receives a 
fixed  monthly  fee  from  taxi  operators  for  network  subscriptions.  Payments  processing  revenue  is 
generated on non-cash taxi payment services based on the value of the fare processed. 

Basis of preparation 

The FY23 statutory results, including the prior comparative results in the attached financial statements, 
are  reported  in  accordance  with  Australian  Accounting  Standards  adopted  by  the  Australian 
Accounting Standards Board (AASB) and the Corporations Act 2001 including the leasing standard 
AASB16.  

The  Company  believes  that  its  underlying  results,  while  being  a  non-statutory  measure,  provide  a 
better indicator of Group performance.  As such, unless otherwise stated, the full year results disclosed 
in  this  Operating  and  Financial  Review  are  underlying  results  on  a  pre-AASB16  basis  excluding 
significant items and the impact of one-off transactions. 

Financial Results – return to profitability underpinned by our ‘BETTER BEFORE BIGGER’ strategy 

The  benefits  from  the  focused  execution  of  the  Company’s  ‘BETTER  BEFORE  BIGGER’  strategy  are 
reflected  in  the  FY23  results,  with  A2B  delivering  a  strong  turnaround  in  financial  performance, 
returning  to  profitability  and  strengthening  its  balance  sheet.    In  addition,  A2B  is  successfully 
executing its property portfolio strategy, selling both of its Alexandria properties in Sydney.  

In May 2023, A2B completed the sale of its Bourke Road (Alexandria) property for $19.0 million.  On 
30  March  2023,  A2B  entered  into  an  agreement  for  the  sale  of  its  O’Riordan  Street  (Alexandria) 
property for $78.0 million, and this is expected to settle in December 2023. At 30 June 2023, a 12% 
deposit ($9.4 million) for the sale of O’Riordan Street had been received and held in escrow.  

On a statutory basis, A2B recorded an EBITDA of $42.8 million (FY22 EBITDA loss of $22.3 million) and 
net  profit  after  tax  of  $27.1  million  (FY22  net  loss  after  tax  of  $27.8  million).    These  statutory  results 
include  the  impact of  the AASB16  accounting leasing  standard,  the net  gain  from  the  sale of  the 
Bourke  Road  Alexandria  property,  the  net  gain  from  a  land  swap  transaction  in  relation  to  the 
Alexandria property, and the taxi license plate compensation received from the NSW Government. 
Further detail relating to these significant items are outlined below.  

On an underlying basis, A2B recorded positive EBITDA of $20.1 million (FY22 loss of $9.4 million) and a 
net  profit  after  tax  of  $5.1  million  (FY22  loss  of  $17.1  million).  The  $29.5  million  year-on-year  EBITDA 
improvement was supported by revenue growth of $22.2 million and cost reductions of $9.7 million, 
with  FY22 including  $2.3  million in COVID-19  related Government  support  that was  not  received in 
FY23. 

8 

A2B Annual Report 2023

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

Underlying financial results 
(excl. AASB16 impact, significant items and one-off transactions) 

Revenue 
Other income 
Expenses 
EBITDA 
Depreciation & Amortisation 
EBIT 
Finance costs 
Profit before tax 
Income Tax 
NPAT 
EBITDA margin 
Earnings per share 

Reconciliation of underlying profit to statutory profit 
Underlying profit before tax  
(excl. AASB16 impact, significant items and one-off transactions) 
AASB16 impact 
Net gain on property transactions 
NSW taxi plate licence compensation 
Impairments and asset write-offs 
Termination and restructuring 
Total items excluded from underlying profit before tax 
Statutory profit before tax 
Income Tax 
Statutory NPAT 
Statutory earnings per share 

2023 

2022 

Change 

$m 
              147.3  
                   0.3  
            (127.5) 
                20.1  
                 (9.6) 
                10.5  
                 (3.1) 
                   7.4  
                 (2.3) 
                   5.1  
13.6% 
 4.2 cents  

$m 
              125.1  
                   2.6  
            (137.1) 
                (9.4) 
              (14.2) 
              (23.6) 
                 (0.9) 
              (24.5) 
                   7.3  
              (17.1) 
(7.5%) 
 (14.1 cents)  

over PCP 
18% 

(314%) 

(145%) 

(130%) 

(130%) 

2023 

$m 

2022 

Change 

$m 

over PCP 

                   7.4  

              (24.5) 
                   -  
                     -    
                     -    

                     -    
                21.3  
                   1.6  
                     -                      (9.7) 
                 (5.6) 
              (15.3) 
              (39.7) 
                11.9  
              (27.8) 
 (22.9 cents)  

                 (2.0) 
                20.9  
                28.3  
                 (1.2) 
                27.1  
 22.4 cents  

(130%) 

(238%) 
(171%) 

(197%) 

Revenue – up 17.7% to $147.3 million 

A2B recorded total revenue of $147.3 million (FY22 $125.1 million), an increase of $22.2 million or 17.7%, 
reflecting:  

-  Network subscription revenue, +$11.8 million or +27.9% 
-  Payment processing revenue, +$9.6 million or +37.4%  
Taxi license plate income, +$2.5 million or +96.2% 
- 
School taxi and bus route services revenue, +$4.7 million or 73.2% 
- 
Taxi equipment hardware sales and rental income, +$5.6 million or 50.7% 
- 

Partly offset by: 

-  Vehicle sanitisation income, -$5.6 million, not recurring in FY23 (revenue stream during COVID) 
-  Courier service revenue, -$2.8 million, discontinued in FY23 in line with strategy 
- 

Taxi operating income, -$2.8 million, following the rationalisation of the operated fleet as per 
our strategy 

-  Other revenues, -$0.8 million or -0.6% 

9 

9

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

A2B’s two core revenue streams, network subscription revenue and payments  processing revenue 
were the main contributors to the year-on-year revenue growth. 

Network subscription revenue – up 27.9% to $54.2 million 

Network  subscription  revenue is A2B’s  largest  revenue  stream and  is driven by  the number of  taxis 
affiliated with its networks.  

In line with A2B’s strategy, fleet growth was targeted at its core and higher yield networks – 13cabs 
and Silver Service. During the past year, a range of initiatives were instigated to attract new drivers 
to  these  two  leading  taxi  brands,  while  also  transitioning  drivers  from  the  lower-yielding  CHAMP 
brand.  

A2B’s total fleet grew to 7,803 taxis as of 30 June 2023, an increase of 972 or 14.2% over 12 months. 
The 13cabs and Silver Service brands experienced even more encouraging growth, up 1,585 taxis or 
26.7%.  As  at  30  June  2023,  96%  of  the  fleet  was  affiliated  with  either  13cabs  or  Silver  Service, 
compared with 86% one year earlier.  

In addition to fleet growth, A2B also adopted a new pricing strategy for each State that enabled fee 
increases  during  the  year.    Reflecting  this,  of  the  $11.8  million  in  network  subscription  revenue 
improvement  during  FY23,  $5.7  million  was  attributable  to  fleet  growth  and  $6.1  million  was 
attributable to the improvement in fleet mix and fee increases. 

Payments processing revenue – up 37.4% to $35.4 million 

Payment processing revenue is A2B’s second largest  revenue stream and is driven by the value of 
taxi fares processed through A2B’s payment system. 

Total taxi fares processed ended at $854.4 million in FY23, an increase of $247.5 million or 40.8% on 
the prior period. Of the year-on-year growth in fares processed, 82% was attributable to an increase 
in demand (i.e. volume impact) and 18% was attributable to higher average fares (i.e. price impact). 
The price impact was supported by fare rises in most states throughout the year.  

The encouraging recovery continued throughout the year with fares processed levels reaching 87% 
of pre-COVID (FY19) levels. 

10 

A2B Annual Report 2023

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

Fares processed – up 41% to $854.4 million 

Strong year-on-year growth continued for the period from July 2022 to March 2023. In Q4, the strong 
growth trend in taxi fares processed softened, as A2B cycled through a full quarter in a post COVID 
environment and softening macroeconomic conditions started to impact consumer demand. 

For  the  full  year,  all payment  channels  experienced double-digit  growth  with  the in-app payment 
channel  and  Spotto  both  reaching  all-time  highs.  Recovery  in  Cabcharge  fares  continued, 
supported by more people returning to the office and growth in airline activity. In FY23 Cabcharge 
fares ended at 72% of pre-COVID levels while the total value of credit and debit cards processed 
ended at 94% of pre-COVID levels.  

Other income 

In FY23 A2B recognised $0.3 million in other income, a decrease of $2.3 million from the comparative 
period. The reduction in other income relates primarily to the JobSaver payments received in NSW in 
FY22 which are not recurring. 

On  a  statutory  basis,  other  income  was  $23.2  million,  this  is  an  incremental  $22.9  million  gain 
compared with the underlying other income mentioned above. This increase includes a net gain on 
property transactions of $21.3 million and $1.6 million in relation to taxi license plate compensation 
received  from  the  NSW  Government.  Further  details  are  included  in  Note  3  of  the  consolidated 
financial statements.  

Operating Expenses 

Reflecting  A2B’s  focus  on  simplifying  and  streamlining  its  operations  under  the  ‘BETTER  BEFORE 
BIGGER’  strategy,  total  statutory  operating  expenses  (excluding  depreciation  and  amortisation) 
decreased by $23.4 million or 15.5% to $127.7 million (FY22 $151.1 million). 

On an underlying basis, total operating expenses decreased by $9.7 million or 7.1% to $127.5 million. 

Direct mobility and payment related expenses increased by $4.3 million or 13.5%. This increase was 
driven  by  an  associated  revenue  growth  of  $22.2  million  or  17.7%.  As  a  result,  A2B’s  net  revenue 
margin improved from 74.6% in FY22 to 75.5% in FY23.  

Total indirect expenses were $91.5 million, down by $13.9 million or 13.2% compared with FY22. During 
the year we completed the restructuring of A2B’s contact centres as part of the drive to streamline 
its business and improve efficiency going forward.  

11 

11

 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Underlying EBITDA waterfall 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

A net revenue improvement of $17.9 million, a $2.3 million reduction in other income coupled with 
$13.9  million  lower  indirect  expenses  resulted  in  an  FY23  EBITDA  improvement  of  $29.5  million 
compared with FY22, returning an EBITDA margin of 13.6%.  

Depreciation and amortisation 

Total depreciation and amortisation charges  were reduced by $4.6 million or 32.4% to $9.6 million, 
primarily due to asset impairments in FY22 and a reduction in internally developed software. On a 
statutory basis (including the impacts of AASB16), total depreciation and amortisation charges were 
reduced by $5.2 million or 32.0%. 

Net finance costs 

Net  finance  costs increased  by  $2.2  million  to  $3.1  million  (FY22  $0.9  million)  due  to  higher interest 
rates in FY23, and higher average debt levels compared to FY22. A portion of the proceeds from the 
sale of the Alexandria properties will be used to pay down debt. 

Income tax expense 

On a statutory basis, A2B recorded an income tax expense of $1.2 million (FY22 income tax benefit 
of  $11.9  million) after  the  $28.3  million  profit before  income  tax,  adjusted  for non-deductible items 
and utilisation of prior period tax losses.  

Profit after tax 

Underlying net profit after tax was $5.1 million (FY22 loss of $17.1 million). A statutory net profit after 
tax of $27.1 million was recorded in FY23 (FY22 loss of $27.8 million). 

Cashflow 

At 30 June 2023, A2B held $29.5 million cash, up by $17.2 million compared with the prior year.  

On  a  statutory  basis,  A2B  generated  $10.4  million  of  cash  flow  from  operations  in  FY23,  an 
improvement  of  $16.6  million  compared  with  FY22’s  operating  cash  outflow.  In  addition,  FY22 
benefited from a $5.3 million tax refund. On a like-for-like basis, cash flow from operations improved 
by $21.9 million compared with FY22.  

12 

12 

A2B Annual Report 2023

 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

Net cash flow from investing activities was $11.8 million, primarily reflecting the sale of A2B’s Bourke 
Rd property for $19.0 million and Taxi license plate compensation of $1.6 million received from the 
NSW Government. Excluding the impact of these items, net cash flow from investing activities was a 
cash outflow of $8.8 million, an increase of $0.5 million compared with FY22.  

Given the positive cash performance in FY23, A2B reduced its borrowings by $3.3 million. 

Net cash flow from operations 
Net cash flow from investing activities 
Net cash flow from financing activities 
Net change in cash position 
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 July 
Cash and cash equivalents at 30 June 

2023 
$m 
                10.4  
                11.8  
                 (5.0) 
                17.2  
                12.3  
                29.5  

2022 
$m 
                 (6.2) 
                 (8.3) 
                15.0  
                   0.4  
                11.9  
                12.3  

Change 
$m 
                16.6  
                20.1  
              (20.0) 
                16.8  
                   0.4  
                17.2  

On a like-for-like basis, free cash flow improved by $22.0 million during FY23, excluding the impact of 
AASB 16 treatment and one-off transactions. Including the impact of one-off transactions free cash 
flow improved by $42.6 million. Further detail is set out in the table below. 

Free cash flow 
Net cash flow from operations 
Net cash flow from investing activities 
Payment of lease liabilities 
Free cash flow (excluding AASB16 impact) 
One-off tax refund (Federal Government COVID relief) 
Free cash flow excluding AASB16 and COVID relief 

2023 
$m 
                10.4  
                 (8.8) 
                 (1.5) 
                   0.1  

2022 
$m 
                 (6.2) 
                 (8.3) 
                 (2.1) 
              (16.6) 
                     -                      (5.3) 
              (21.9) 

                   0.1  

YoY improvement in Operational free cash flow 

One-off transactions (Bourke Road sale and NSW taxi licence 
compensation 

YoY improvement in Statutory free cash flow 

                22.0  

                20.6  
                42.6  

An improvement in working capital management resulted in a strengthening of A2B’s balance sheet 
as  at  30  June  2023.  An  increased  focus  on  collections  resulted  in  a  material  reduction  of  trade 
receivables,  allowing  A2B  to  rebalance  and  reduce  its  trade  payables.  In  addition,  $2.3  million  in 
restructuring  costs  relating  to  FY22  were  paid  during  the  year  and  $5.9  million  in  vehicles  were 
financed on behalf of operators who joined the 13cabs and Silver Service networks. At 30 June 2023, 
net cash was $13.9 million, an improvement of $20.5 million compared with the prior year. 

Net debt/cash movement 
Net debt at 30 June 2022 
Underlying EBITDA FY23 
Sale of Bourke Road 
NSW taxi plate licence compensation 
Capital expenditure 
Vehicle financing 
Debt repayment 
Restructuring cost 
Other working capital movements 
Total movement 
Net cash at 30 June 2023 

$m 
                (6.6) 
                20.1  
                19.0  
                   1.6  
                 (8.8) 
                 (5.9) 
                 (3.3) 
                 (2.3) 
                   0.1  
                20.5  
                13.9  

13 

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A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

A2B’s  ability  to  generate  cash  is  expected  to  further  improve  in  FY24  on  the  back  of  improved 
profitability,  and  a  stronger  working  capital  position,  coupled  with  the  decision  to  outsource  any 
future vehicle financing.  In addition, the Group expects to receive the proceeds from the settlement 
of O’Riordan Street in December 2023. 

FY23 Dividends 

No dividends were paid or declared during FY23.  

Directors have declared a final FY23 fully franked dividend of $0.05 per share, scheduled for payment 
on 26 October 2023. The record date for the FY23 final dividend is 29 September 2023. 

Financial position 

Balance sheet 

A2B significantly improved its financial position during FY23. Positive cash generation coupled with a 
reduction of $14.5 million in receivables, allowed for a reduction in trade and other payables by $17.7 
million. As a result, the current ratio (excl. assets held for sale) improved from 1.2 at 30 June 2022 to 
1.6 at 30 June 2023.  

Assets  held  for  sale  as  at  30  June  2023  relate  to  the  O’Riordan  Street  property  in  Alexandria.  Sale 
contracts in relation to this property were exchanged in FY23, with settlement expected in December 
2023. In addition, the Company has one property asset remaining on its balance sheet. This property 
asset has a carrying value of $2.2 million (recorded in non-current assets) and was listed for sale in 
July 2023. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other receivables 
Assets held for sale 
Other current assets 
Total current assets 
Total non-current assets 
Total assets 

Trade and other payables 
Loans and borrowings 
Other current liabilities 
Total current liabilities 
Loans and borrowings 
Other non-current liabilities 
Total non-current liabilities 
Total liabilities 

Net assets 
Net cash / (debt) 

30 June 2023 
$m 
                29.5  
                45.8  
                10.4  
                   6.6  
                92.3  
                92.5  
              184.8  

30 June 2022 
Change 
$m 
$m 
                12.3  
                17.2  
              (14.5) 
                60.3  
                     -                     10.4  
                 (0.3) 
                   7.0  
                12.8  
                79.6  
                (4.5) 
                98.5  
                   8.3  
              178.1  

                38.2  
                   0.6  
                12.0  
                50.8  
                15.0  
                   4.8  
                19.8  
                70.6  

                55.9  
                   1.6  
                10.2  
                67.7  
                17.3  
                   7.0  
                24.3  
                92.0  

              (17.7) 
                 (1.0) 
                   1.8  
              (16.9) 
                 (2.3) 
                 (2.2) 
                (4.5) 
              (21.4) 

              114.2  
                13.9  

                86.1  
                 (6.6) 

                27.9  
                20.5  

Non-current  borrowings were reduced by  $2.3  million  to  $15.0  million.  A2B currently has a  working 
capital facility in place with CBA, expiring in September 2024. In August 2023, post balance date, this 
facility was extended to September 2026. 

14 

A2B Annual Report 2023

14 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Outlook 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

We have experienced improved trust in our brands in FY23, with a strong increase in the 13cabs and 
Silver  Service  fleets  and  total  fares  nearing  pre-pandemic  levels,  along  with  improving  efficiency 
through healthy booking rates. 

As  we head into  FY24,  fleet  growth is  continuing with  150  cars  added  since  30  June  2023.  Positive 
factors such as rising migration levels, an improvement in vehicle supply, along with the removal of 
restrictions  on  taxi  license  plates  as  a  result  of  deregulation  in  NSW,  will  assist  with  further  growth. 
However, some wider economic factors such as the recent decline in consumer spending may soften 
fares in the near term.   

Another key focus for FY24 is improving our value proposition for drivers and passengers. In FY24 we 
will undertake a major project by upgrading all in-car technology (before 3G is switched off in June 
2024)  to  ensure  the  continuity  and  future  growth  of  our  payments  processing  volumes.  We  are 
investing $3.5 million through (a one-off capital expenditure) to simplify our technology platform and 
further enhance passenger and driver experience. 

With  the  Company’s  balance  sheet  repaired,  dividends  reinstated  including  a  planned  special 
dividend, and successfully returning A2B to profitability by right-sizing its cost structure, we are well 
placed to continue growing in FY24 and beyond. 

Material business risks 

The  operating  and  financial  performance  of  A2B  is  influenced  by  a  variety  of  general  common 
economic  and  business  conditions,  including  levels  of  consumer  spending,  inflation,  interest  and 
exchange rates and access to debt and capital markets.  

Risks that have the potential to materially affect the performance of the group are reviewed on a 
regular basis by  the  Board  and are  set  out in  the table below,  together with  mitigating  actions  to 
minimise those risks.  

The risks are in no particular order and do not include common risks that affect all companies, such 
as  key  person  risk.  Nor  do  they  include  general  economic  risks  such  as  significant  changes  in 
economic growth, inflation, interest rates, consumer sentiment and business confidence.  

15 

15

 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

Strategic Risk 

Nature of Risk 

Actions / Plans to Mitigate 

Regulatory 
changes 

A2B’s  operations  are  subject  to  state  and 
territory regulation and control.    

Continue to work with Taxi Regulators on 
issues affecting the Taxi Industry. 

All states and territories have a 5% limit in place 
on non-cash taxi payment service fees.  

It  is  possible  that  Taxi  Regulators  may  impose 
lower limits on the level of service fees able to be 
charged  to  Cabcharge  Customers  thereby 
potentially impacting revenue and earnings. 

More recently the NSW government introduced 
a  package  of  reforms  for  the  point-to-point 
transport industry. These reforms include freeing 
up  the  supply  of  taxis  by  removing  the  limit  on 
the  number  of  Taxi  licences  that  are available. 
These changes took effect from 1 August 2023. 
Taxi licences will no longer be able to be bought 
and sold.   

It  is  possible  that  Taxi  Regulators  may  change 
rules  around  required  standards  and  quality 
control aspects of Taxi Networks.  

Building  administration  tools  that  assist 
with levy collections and ensure Drivers 
and  Operators  have  the  information 
they require in order to comply with levy 
requirements.  

Advocate for and deliver standards and 
controls  that  result  in  maintaining  or 
improving  the  standards  of  Customer 
service  and safety  that are  essential to 
transport user confidence.  

Maximise  the  opportunities  for  the  A2B 
regulatory 
Group 
frameworks, especially by bringing more 
drivers into our networks. 

presented 

by 

Taxi  Regulators  may  affect  the  value  of  Taxi 
plate licences by setting the supply of new Taxi 
for 
plate 
Government leased Taxi plate licences in those 
states where restrictions remain in place.  

licences  and  setting 

rates 

the 

Changes to 
competitive 
landscape / 
changes to IT 
environment 

Existing  and  new  competitors 
in  personal 
transport  who  offer  alternative  service  and 
payment methods, both within and outside the 
regulatory framework, or who are subject to less 
stringent regulation.  

Potential loss of business if the Company fails to 
keep  pace  with  technological  change  with 
respect to Network Operations,  bookings,  and 
payments.  

  Be  at 

the 

forefront  of 
serving 

technology 
the  personal 
industry.  Develop  and 

development 
transport 
integrate bookings and payments.  

Strategic  partnering  to  bolster  existing 
technology 
and 
leverage scale.  

resources 

and 

     Standardising, 

scaling,  and 

raising 
service standards in the mobility business 
to  be  leveraged  in  Australia  and  the 
overseas markets we operate in. 

In-Vehicle 
Technology 
Roll-out 

In  FY24  A2B  will  undertake  a  major  project  by 
upgrading  all  in-car  technology  (before  3G  is 
in  June  2024)  to  ensure  the 
switched  off 
continuity  and  future  growth  of  our  payment 
processing volumes. An IT project of this nature 
for  any  company  has  inherent  risks  of  delays. 
Any  material  delays  could  affect  our  ability  to 
process in car payments. 

Contingency  plans  are  in  place  to 
provide for the continued processing of 
fares with the current system in case of 
any  delays  in  the  roll-out  of  the  new 
technology platform. 

16 

A2B Annual Report 2023

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Directors’ Report 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

The Directors present their report (including the Remuneration Report), together with the financial 
statements of the consolidated entity being A2B Australia Limited (A2B or the Company) and the 
entities it controls (the Group) for the financial year ended 30 June 2023. 

Directors 

The  Directors of  the  Company at  any  time during  or  since  the  end of  the  financial  year  up  to  the 
date of this report are: 

▪  Mark Bayliss  
▪ 
Jennifer Horrigan 
▪  Clifford Rosenberg 
▪  Brent Cubis (appointed 3 October 2022) 
▪  Daniela Fontana (appointed 1 March 2023 and stepped down on 27 April 2023) 
▪  David Grant (stepped down on 3 October 2022) 

The qualifications, experience and special responsibilities of current Directors of the Company are 
set out in the Board of Directors section.  

Directorships of other listed companies 

The  directorships  in  other  listed  companies  a  Director  has  held  at  any  time  in  the  last  three  years 
immediately before the end of the financial year are set out in the table below. 

Director 

Name of listed company 

Appointment date 

Cessation date 

Mark Bayliss 
Jennifer Horrigan 

EcoFibre Limited 
Dexus Industria REIT  

Dexus Convenience Retail REIT 

QV Equities Limited 

Clifford Rosenberg 

Technology One Limited 

Brent Cubis 

Bid Corporation Limited  

Nearmap Limited 

ARN Media Limited 

1 September 2022 
3 December 2013 

27 July 2017 

26 April 2016 

27 February 2019 

September 2019 

- 
- 

- 

31 March 2023 

- 

 - 

3 July 2012 

1 December 2022 

14 June 2023 

- 

- 

EML Payments Limited 

25 November 2022 

Prime Media Group Limited 

15 April 2021 

31 March 2022 

Daniela Fontana1 

None 

- 

Skelton1 
David Grant1 

Event Hospitality & Entertainment Ltd 

25 July 2013 

Retail Food Group Limited 

25 September 2018 

The Reject Shop Ltd 

1 May 2020 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1.  Details listed are current as at the date the Director ceased being a Director of the Company. 

17 

17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Company Secretary 

Howard Edelman 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

Howard Edelman was appointed Group General Counsel and Company Secretary on 23 January 
2023 following the resignation of Adrian Lucchese.  Howard has more than 30 years of corporate and 
commercial experience and has previously worked as General Counsel and Company Secretary at 
Real Pet Food Company, CSG Limited, AUB Group Limited, CIMB Australia and iSoft Group Limited. 
He has also held senior roles with AustralianSuper and Super Retail Group. Howard sits on the National 
Executive  Committee  for  the  Australian  Association  of  Corporate  Counsel  (ACC)  and  is  also  Vice 
President of ACC NSW.  

Howard holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Hamilton College and a Doctor of Law from Brooklyn 
Law School. 

Dividends 

No dividends were paid or declared during FY23. In August 2023 the Board declared to pay a fully 
franked dividend of $0.05 per share for FY23 with a record date of 29 September 2023 and a 
payment date of 26 October 2023.  

Principal activities 

The principal activities of the Group are included in the Operating and Financial Review (“OFR”) set 
out on pages 8 to 16. Other than those mentioned in the OFR there were no other significant changes 
to the nature of the activities of the Group during the year. 

Review of operations 

A review of the Group’s operations during the year and the results of those operations, together with 
its financial position, are included in the OFR set out on pages 8 to 16. The Group’s business strategies 
and prospects for future financial years are also included in the OFR. 

Significant changes in state of affairs 

In the opinion of the Directors, there were no significant changes in the state of affairs of the Group 
during the financial year, other than those changes mentioned in the OFR.  

Events subsequent to reporting date 

No other matter or circumstance has arisen since the reporting date that significantly affects or may 
significantly  affect  the  Group’s  operations  in  future  years,  the  results  of  those  operations  in  future 
years, or the Group’s state of affairs in future years. 

In August 2023 the Board declared to pay a fully franked dividend of $0.05 per share for FY23 with a 
record date of 29 September 2023 and a payment date of 26 October 2023. 

Following completion of the A2B property portfolio review, the Board resolved in July 2023 to sell its 
remaining  property  located  in  Melbourne  at  Downing  Street,  Oakleigh.    Marketing  activities 
commenced in July 2023. 

Likely developments 

Information about likely developments in the Group’s operations is included in the “Outlook” section 
of the OFR on page 15.  

18 

A2B Annual Report 2023

18 

 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Environmental regulation 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

The Group’s operations are not subject to any particular and significant environmental regulations 
under a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory. 

Directors’ interests and benefits 

The relevant interests and benefits of each current Director as at the date of this report are set out in 
the table below. 

Director 

Mark Bayliss 

Brent Cubis 

Jennifer Horrigan1 

Clifford Rosenberg2 

Interest in 
shares 

800,000  

0  

102,122  

111,307  

1. The indirect shares are 102,122 fully paid ordinary shares held by Macdonald Horrigan Family Holdings as trustee for 
Macdonald Horrigan Family Superannuation Fund. 

2. The indirect shares are 111,307 fully paid ordinary shares held by the The Rosenberg Company Pty Ltd as trustee for The 
Rosenberg Superannuation Fund. 

Remuneration Report 

The Remuneration Report is set out on pages  22 to 36 and forms part of this Directors’ Report, has 
been audited as required by section 308(3C) of the Corporations Act. 

Directors’ meetings 

The number of Directors’ meetings and attendance by each Director at those meetings during the 
financial year are set out in the table below. 

Director2 

Mark Bayliss 

Jennifer Horrigan 

Clifford 
Rosenberg 

Brent Cubis4 

Daniela Fontana5 

David Grant6 

Board 

Audit and Risk1 

Remuneration and 
Nominations1 

Held3 

Attended 

Held3 

Attended 

Held3 

Attended 

13 

13 

13 

11 

1 

2 

13 

13 

13 

11 

1 

2 

5 

5 

5 

3 

0 

2 

5 

5 

5 

3 

0 

2 

3 

3 

3 

2 

0 

1 

3 

3 

3 

2 

0 

1 

1. All Directors are invited to and generally attend, Board Committee meetings. The “Attended” columns in the table 
reflect attendance at meetings. 

2. “Director” in the table means a Director who was a director of the Company at any time during the financial year.  

3. The “Held” columns in the table reflect the number of meetings held during the period in which the Director held office. 

4. Brent Cubis was appointed on 3 October 2022. 

5. Daniela Fontana was appointed on 1 March 2023 and resigned on 27 April 2023. 

6. David Grant retired on 3 October 2022. 

Share options and Performance Rights 

There  were  no  options  over  unissued  shares  of  the  Company  granted  to  the  Directors  or  any 
executives during or since the end of the financial year. 

19 

19

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

As at the date of this report, there are 2,470,371 Performance Rights over unissued shares which have 
been granted to senior executives under the Company’s LTI Plan. Further information on the LTI Plan 
and  Performance  Rights  held  by  key  management  personnel  are  included  in  the  Remuneration 
Report on pages 22 to 36. 

Indemnification and insurance of officers and auditors 

The Company’s Constitution requires it to indemnify current and former Directors (including alternate 
directors), officers, and auditors  (if  determined  by  the directors) of  the  Company against liabilities 
incurred by the person as an officer (or auditor if determined by the Directors). 

The  Company  has  agreed  to  provide  indemnities  to  and  procure  insurance  for  past  and  present 
Directors  and  officers  of  the  Company  and  its  controlled  entities.  The  indemnities  provide  broad 
indemnification  against  liabilities  to  another  person  (other  than  the  Company  or  related  body 
corporate)  and  for  legal  costs  that  may  arise  from  their  position  as  Directors  and  officers  of  the 
Company and its controlled entities. The indemnities are subject to certain exceptions such as where 
the liability arises out of conduct involving a lack of good faith. 

The Company has also paid insurance premiums for insurance policies providing the type of cover 
commonly  provided  to  Directors,  officers  and  senior  employees  of  listed  companies  such  as  the 
Company. As is commonly the case, insurance policies prohibit further disclosure of the nature of the 
insurance coverage and the amount of the premiums. 

There has been no indemnification of the current auditors, nor have any insurance premiums been 
paid in respect of the current auditors since the end of the previous year. 

Non-audit services by auditors 

Details of the non-audit services provided by the Group’s auditor, KPMG, during the financial year 
including fees paid or payable for each service, are set out in Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements. 

The  Board  has  considered  the  non-audit  services  provided  during  the  year  by  KPMG  and  in 
accordance with written advice provided by resolution of the Audit and Risk Committee, is satisfied 
that the provision of those non-audit services during the year by the auditor is compatible with, and 
did  not  compromise,  the  auditor  independence  requirements  of  the  Corporations  Act  for  the 
following reasons: 

▪ 

▪  all  non-audit  services  were  subject  to  the  corporate  governance  policies  and  procedures 
adopted by the Company and have been reviewed by the Audit and Risk Committee to ensure 
they do not impact the integrity and objectivity of the auditor; and 
the  non-audit  services  provided  do  not  undermine  the  general  principles  relating  to  auditor 
independence as set out in APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, as they did not 
involve  reviewing  or  auditing  the  auditor’s  own  work,  acting  in  a  management  or  decision 
making capacity for the Company, acting as an advocate for the Company or jointly sharing 
risks and rewards.   

Lead auditor’s independence declaration 

The lead auditor’s independence declaration required under section 307C of the Corporations Act 
is set out on page 37. 

20 

A2B Annual Report 2023

20 

 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Rounding off 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

A2B  is  a  company  of  the  kind  referred  to 
in  ASIC  Corporation  2016/191  (Rounding  in 
Financial/Directors’  Reports)  Instrument.  In  accordance  with  that  Instrument,  amounts  in  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements and the Directors’ Report have been rounded off to the nearest 
thousand dollars, unless otherwise stated. 

This Directors’ Report has been signed in accordance with a resolution of the Directors. 

Mark Bayliss 
Executive Chairman 

22 August 2023 

Brent Cubis 
Director 

22 August 2023 

21 

21

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Remuneration Report 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

Letter from the Chairman of the Remuneration and Nomination Committee 

Dear Shareholders, 

Your  Board  is  pleased  to  present  the  Remuneration  Report  for  the  year  ended  30  June  2023.  This 
Report provides an overview of our remuneration structures, policies, and practices. 

Our  remuneration  strategy  is  designed  to  ensure  accountability  for  performance  and  to  reward 
outcomes achieved and shareholder value creation.    

Consistent  with  this  approach,  shareholders  will  remember  that,  given  A2B’s 
loss-making 
performance  in  FY22,  no  STI  or  LTI  were  awarded  to  executive  KMP  (other  than  the  LTI  incentives 
approved by shareholders at the EGM on 28 April 2022 for the newly appointed Executive Chairman, 
Mark Bayliss or the portion of STI paid to departing executives as part of their separation package).  

Twelve  months  on,  the  2023  financial  year  has  achieved  a  major  turnaround  for  A2B  with  the 
company  achieving  an  underlying  EBITDA  of  $20.1  million,  a  significant  achievement  and 
representing a $29.5 million turnaround from the $9.4 million loss in FY22.  

The significant effort by the Team has returned the Company to profitability, for the first time since 
FY19, and also delivered a streamlined and focused business that positions A2B for further sustainable 
growth in the future.  Your Board firmly believes these achievements should be recognised through 
the FY23 remuneration outcomes.    

Executive Remuneration 

The remuneration outcomes for FY23 correctly reflect the significant effort by the executive team to 
achieve this important turnaround and the significant value created for shareholders. 

The executive remuneration arrangements are essential in retaining and rewarding key talent and 
ensuring an aligned team, focused on continuing to deliver value to shareholders. 

The overall mix between STI and LTI is weighted toward long-term incentives (70% of incentives), to 
reflect long-term alignment with shareholders and value creation. 

Of  the  30%  of  incentives  available  as  STI,  60%  of  the  STI  opportunity  was  dependent  on  the 
achievement of an EBITDA gateway hurdle.  The remaining 40% of the STI opportunity was assessed 
based on the achievement of individual performance measures.   

The  LTI  incentives  represent  a  maximum  opportunity  of  70%  of  incentives  and  were  awarded  as 
Performance  Rights,  subject  to  the  same  performance  metrics  approved  by  shareholders  for  the 
Executive Chairman  at  the  EGM on  28  April  2022 (share  price hurdles of  $1.70  VWAP,  $2.00  VWAP 
and $2.30 VWAP, with a 3-year sunset date of 30 June 2026).  Should all three VWAP hurdles be met, 
and the 600,000 Performance Rights (of which 358,000 were granted to KMP) convert to Shares, the 
maximum  dilution  represents  approximately  0.49%  (0.30%  relating  to  the  KMP  component)  of  the 
current issued ordinary share capital of the Company, while significant value will have been created 
for shareholders.  

Detailed  information  regarding  remuneration  outcomes  for  FY23  are  outlined  in  section  4  of  this 
Remuneration Report.  

Non-Executive Director Remuneration & Arrangements 

Given the wider turnaround and cost reduction initiatives across the business during FY23, the Board 
implemented a 15% reduction to Non-Executive Director Board and Committee fee arrangements 
for FY23.  In addition, the Board agreed to decrease the number of Directors by one – taking the total 
number  of  Non-Executive  Directors  to  three  and  to  also  reduce  the  aggregate  Non-Executive 
22 

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A2B Annual Report 2023

 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

Director fee pool from $1.3 million per annum (which was approved by shareholders on 26 November 
2014) to $1.0 million per annum. 

The Board has elected to continue these Non-Executive Director fee arrangements through FY24.  

Leadership 

The  Board  would  like  to  recognise  the  significant  turnaround  achieved  under  the  dedicated 
leadership of Executive Chairman Mark Bayliss during FY23. The Board also recognises that Mr Bayliss 
consented to continue his role of Executive Chairman for the foreseeable future, following Ms Daniela 
Fontana stepping down as CEO & Managing Director.   In addition to A2B’s stronger operational and 
financial position, other FY23 highlights include the successful property divestment achieved in line 
with May 2022 independent valuations, despite sharply deteriorating property market conditions. This 
transaction  will allow  significant value  to be returned  to  shareholders via an  expected  $0.55  cent 
special fully franked dividend, currently anticipated to be paid on settlement in December 2023.  

Given  these  strong  results  led  by  Mr  Bayliss  and  his  agreement  to  extend  his  role  as  Executive 
Chairman (and noting that an LTI was not awarded for Mr Bayliss in FY23), the Board has determined 
to issue an additional cash bonus to Mr Bayliss of $200,000 (above the STI opportunity), to reflect the 
outperformance  achieved  in  FY23.  The  total  FY23  Remuneration  earned  by  Mr  Bayliss  is  therefore 
$1,125,112 (excluding Performance Rights and Incentive Shares granted in prior years).  

FY24 Remuneration Approach 

The  remuneration  framework  in  place  for  FY23  reflected  the  significant  turnaround  required  and 
underway across A2B.  Now that a return to profitability has been achieved, the Board has prepared 
a renewed remuneration framework for FY24 to reflect A2B’s focus on driving continued profitability 
and growth.  

The  remuneration  framework  for  FY24  will  focus  on  rewarding  growth  in  shareholder  returns,  while 
ensuring remuneration outcomes are tied to robust return hurdles.   

Full  details  of  the  FY24  incentives  for  the  Executive  Chairman  Mark  Bayliss  will  be  available  in  the 
Notice of Meeting for the 2023 AGM. 

In conclusion, your Board is confident that the remuneration outcomes for FY23 and the proposals for 
FY24 are robust, will appropriately reward executives for performance and are designed to achieve 
long-term value creation and alignment with shareholders.   

On behalf of the Board, thank you for your on-going support and we look forward to hearing your 
feedback on this report. 

Yours faithfully, 

Jennifer Horrigan 
Chairman 
Remuneration & Nominations Committee 

23 

23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Remuneration Report - Audited 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

This Remuneration Report for the year ended 30 June 2023 outlines the remuneration arrangements 
of A2B Australia Limited (A2B or Company) and is prepared in accordance with the requirements of 
the Corporations Act 2001 (Corporations Act) and the Corporations Regulations 2001. The 
information in sections 1 to 8 has been audited as required by section 308(3C) of the Corporations 
Act, unless otherwise stated. 

1.  Overview 

The Board of Directors present the Remuneration Report for the year ended 30 June 2023 (FY23). This 
Report  provides  an  overview  of  our  remuneration  structures,  practices  and  outcomes  and  their 
alignment with the Company’s performance and strategy.   

Who is covered by this report 

The Key Management Personnel (KMP) covered by this report are listed in table 1 below. 

Table 1: KMP included in this report 

Key Management Personnel 

Non-Executive Directors 

Brent Cubis 

Jennifer Horrigan 

Clifford Rosenberg 

David Grant 

Executive 

Mark Bayliss 

Olivia Barry 

Gary Becus 

Role 

 Change in FY23 

Independent Director 

Appointed on 3 October 2022 

Independent Director 

Independent Director 

Independent Director 

Retired on 3 October 2022 

Executive Chairman 

Chief Operating Officer - B2C 

Chief Operating Officer - B2B 

Appointed on 1 July 2022 

Ton van Hoof 
Daniela Fontana 

Chief Financial Officer 
Chief Executive Officer & Managing Director 

Appointed on 1 March 2023 
Stepped down on 27 April 2023 

Realised remuneration 

The  details  of  statutory  executive  KMP  remuneration  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  Australian 
Accounting  Standards  can  be  found  in  table  6  on  page  33.  Details  of  statutory  Non-executive 
Director fee arrangements can be found in table 9 on page 34. 

The table below provides shareholders with an understanding of the actual remuneration earned by 
executive KMP in FY23.  

The  amounts  disclosed  in  the  table  below  are  intended  to  provide  an  explanation  of  the  pay  for 
performance  relationship  in  our  remuneration  framework  and  are  in  addition  to  the  information 
provided in the statutory executive KMP remuneration in table 6 prepared in accordance with the 
Australian Accounting Standards. 

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24 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

Table 2: Actual executive remuneration earned in FY23 (non-statutory) (unaudited) 

Executive 
Mark Bayliss 

Olivia Barry 

Gary Becus 

Ton van Hoof 

Daniela Fontana 

Fixed 
remuneration1  
$ 
716,612 

Termination 
benefits 
$ 
- 

STI earned for 
FY23  
$ 
408,500 

LTI vested in 
FY232 
$ 
- 

375,862 

351,724 

451,724 

101,199 

- 

- 

- 

143,750 

120,000 

80,000 

108,000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total  
$ 
1,125,112 

495,862 

431,724 

559,724 

244,949 

1. Fixed remuneration means contracted remuneration amount for base salary and superannuation during the period the 
Executive was a KMP. 

2. The LTI rights awarded in FY20 were tested in September 2022 and did not vest. Further information on vesting is set out 
in the LTI section of this report. 

2.  Remuneration governance  

The Board consults with the Remuneration and Nominations Committee (Committee), management, 
and where necessary, external advisers, when making remuneration decisions. The diagram below 
illustrates the remuneration decision-making process.  

Board 
➢  Ensures  remuneration  is  fair  and  competitive,  and  supports  the  Company’s  strategic  and 

operational goals and alignment with long-term value creation for shareholders 

➢  Approves  remuneration  policies,  structures,  and  arrangements  after  consideration  of 

recommendations from the Committee 

➢  Approves  performance  measures  and  outcomes  after  consideration  of  recommendations 

from the Committee 

Remuneration and Nominations Committee 
➢  Comprises at least three members appointed by the Board 
➢  Must have an independent chair and a majority of independent Directors 
➢  Makes  recommendations  to  the  Board  regarding  remuneration  policies,  structures  and 

arrangements 

➢  Makes recommendations to the Board regarding performance measures and outcomes  
➢  The Committee met three times in FY23 

Management 

▪  CEO  proposes 

individual 

remuneration 
arrangements and  performance outcomes 
for his or her direct reports to the Committee 
is  not  present  when  his  or  her 

▪  CEO 

remuneration is decided 

External remuneration consultants and 
advisers 
▪  Engaged and appointed by the Board or 

the Committee as required 

▪  Advises the Committee and management 
is  fully 

to  ensure  that  the  Company 
informed when making decisions 

▪  Mandatory  disclosure  requirements  apply 
to  the  use  of  remuneration  consultants 
under the Corporations Act 

25 

25

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

Use of remuneration consultants and advisors 

No  remuneration  recommendations  by  a  remuneration  consultant  as  defined  under  the 
Corporations Act were made during FY23. 

For more detail on the Company’s charters and policies, see: 

www.a2baustralia.com/investor-center/corporate-governance/    

3.  Executive Key Management Personnel remuneration arrangements 

Remuneration principles and link to Company strategy 

The Company has adopted the following principles to guide its remuneration strategy: 

▪  Align  to  the business  strategy  to  encourage opportunities  to be  pursued and  executives  to be 

rewarded for the creation of long-term shareholder value 

▪  Be  supported  by  a  governance  framework,  to  motivate,  reward,  and  retain  skilled  executives 

and directors 

▪  Align  the  interests  of  executive  KMP  with  the  long-term  interests  of  the  Company  and  its 

shareholders with the use of performance-based remuneration 

▪ 

Set  short  and  long-term  incentive performance hurdles  that are challenging and linked  to  the 
creation of sustainable shareholder returns, where incentive plans are offered to executive KMP 

▪  Ensure any termination benefits are justified and appropriate. 

Business objectives 

Remuneration 
strategy objectives 

Remuneration structure 

▪  Enhance and 
expand the 
operational 
platform for the 
creation of a 
sustainable 
business model for 
future growth 
▪  Focus on the 
creation of 
shareholder value 

▪  Attract and retain key 

talent through balanced 
remuneration, market 
competitive pay and 
performance-focused 
incentive awards 

▪  Focus the executive team 

on the key strategic 
business imperatives 

▪  Align interests of executive 
KMP and shareholders 
Invite executive KMP to 
participate in incentive 
plans where appropriate 

▪ 

Fixed annual remuneration (“FAR”) 
Set with reference to job size and 
organisations of similar complexity and 
industry dynamics 
Variable remuneration 
Equity-based incentive awards based 
on the Company’s short- and long-term 
performance and other vesting 
conditions 
Executive arrangements 
Executive services agreements 
formalise incentive arrangements, and 
include termination and post-
termination provisions 

Remuneration structure 

The Company aims to reward its executive KMP with a level and mix of remuneration appropriate to 
an individual’s experience, position, responsibilities, and performance.  

The  Board  and  the  Committee  regularly  review  the  remuneration  level  and  structure  for  the 
Company’s executive KMP and adjust where appropriate to support the strategic initiatives of the 
business,  whilst  ensuring  that  it  remains  market  competitive  for  recruiting  and  retaining  skilled 
individuals.  

In  FY22,  the  Board  adopted  a  new  executive  KMP  structure  for  FY23.  In  FY23,  the  executive  KMP 
remuneration structure consisted of FAR and performance based short term and long-term incentives 
awarded pursuant to STI and LTI plan rules and individual invitation letters.  

26 

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A2B Annual Report 2023

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

How  is  the  Executive 
Chairman Rewarded? 

The total reward for the Executive Chairman is comprised of fixed annual 
reward and short and long term incentives. 

How are the Executive 
KMP Rewarded? 

The  total  reward  for  each  executive  KMP  is  split  across  the  following 
elements: 

•  50% fixed annual reward; 
•  15% short-term incentive; and 
•  35% long-term incentive. 

Remuneration elements and incentive plans 

Executive KMP FAR 

Details of executive KMP FAR are disclosed below. 

What is FAR? 

FAR is comprised of salary and other benefits provided to an executive on 
an ongoing basis, such as superannuation contributions.  

How is FAR 
determined? 

FAR is reviewed annually and our standard executive services agreements 
do not include any guaranteed FAR increases. 

When reviewing  FAR  for  executives,  a number  of factors  are  considered, 
including  the  individual’s  skills  and  experience  relevant  to  their  role,  and 
internal and external factors.  

The  Company’s  policy  is  to  position  FAR  competitively  with  reference  to 
companies and roles of similar complexity and industry dynamic to that of 
A2B. 

The  Board  reviewed  the  FAR  for  each  executive  for  FY23  and  the  only 
change made was to increase Olivia Barry’s FAR from $351,724 to $400,000 
to  reflect her appointment as  Chief Operating Officer  B2C  &  Corporate 
Transport  on  1  January  2023  and  the  additional  responsibilities  that  role 
entails. Changes to FAR are typically implemented and take effect on 1 
July of each year. The FAR for each executive in FY23 is shown in  table 3 
on page 31.  

The  STI plan provides  participating  executives  with an opportunity  to  be 
rewarded for their individual achievements, as well as the achievements 
of  their  business  unit  and  the  Company.  This  further  aligns  their  interests 
with the strategic priorities of the Company. All executive KMP are eligible 
to participate in the STI plan in FY23. 

Were any changes 
made in FY23? 

What is the STI plan? 

What is the format 
for STI awards? 

STI  awards  are  delivered  annually  in  the  form  of a  cash payment  that  is 
subject  to  the  satisfaction  of  performance  measures  that  are  set  at  the 
beginning of each financial year.  

What is the 
performance 
period? 

What is the 
maximum 
opportunity? 

The performance  period  for  the  FY23  STI award is  from  1  July  2022  to  30 
June 2023. 

The  STI  maximum opportunity  is  set  individually  and  based upon  market 
benchmarks for the remuneration mix. This figure when referenced to FAR 
is 30% of FAR with the limited exception of the additional STI awarded to 
Mr Bayliss in FY23. 

27 

27

 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

What are the STI 
performance 
measures? 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

The  FY23  STI  award  vests  subject  to  the  achievement  of  a  Group-wide 
financial  performance  measure  (60%)  and  individual  performance 
measures  (40%).  The  financial performance  measure  continues  to  apply 
to all executive KMP to ensure their common focus on the achievement 
of  the  Company’s  financial  objectives.  The  individual  performance 
measures  for  each  executive  are  directly  linked  to  the  strategic 
imperatives  of  the  Company  and  the  contributions  of  the  relevant 
executive towards achieving them.  

1. 

Individual performance measures (40% of STI) 

Role 

Performance 

Executive Chair 

•  Property strategy delivery 
• 
•  Employee 

Strengthen investor relations 

engagement  and 

positive 

corporate culture 

Other executive KMP  Position-specific  performance  measures  tailored 
for  each  executive  having  regard  to  their  role, 
responsibility,  and  specific  strategic  goals  over 
which they have influence. Examples include: 

•  Employee  engagement  and  positive 

• 

• 
• 

corporate culture  
Improve  the  A2B  corporate  product 
offering 
Fleet and fare growth 
Improved 
passengers 
In-vehicle technology replacement 

for  drivers  and 

service 

• 
•  Risk management/compliance 
• 
Improvement in working capital 

2.  Group-wide financial performance measure (60% of STI) 

Earnings  before  interest,  tax,  depreciation,  and  amortisation  excluding 
acquisitions, divestments and impairments (‘Gateway Hurdle’). 

If the Gateway Hurdle is met, 100% of this portion of STI will be paid. 

If  the  90%  minimum  threshold  is  not  met,  no  incentive  payment  will  be 
made. Straight line vesting occurs between 90% and 100% of the Gateway 
Hurdle. 

Details regarding the STI outcomes for FY23, based on achievement of the 
approved  performance  measures  are  set  out  in  section  4  of  the 
Remuneration Report. 

for 

set 

The Committee considers the Executive Chairman’s performance against 
the  year  and  provides  a 
the  performance  measures 
recommendation of the STI to be paid (if any) to the Board for approval. 
The  Executive  Chairman  considers  the  performance  of  other  executive 
KMP  against  the  performance  measures  set  for  the  year  and,  in 
consultation with the Committee, provides a recommendation of the STI 
to  be  paid  (if  any)  to  the  Board  for  approval.  The  Board  may  approve, 
amend, or reject the recommendations in its absolute discretion. 

28 

How is performance 
tested? 

28 

A2B Annual Report 2023

 
 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

What happens on a 
change of control 
or other significant 
events? 

If a change of control occurs before the end of the performance period, 
the Board will determine how STI awards will be dealt with. If a change of 
control  occurs  before  the  Board  decides,  a  pro-rata  amount  of  the  STI 
award  based  on  the  proportion  of  the  performance  period  that  has 
elapsed at the time of the change of control will be paid. 

The  Board  has  the  discretion  to  vary  the  terms  of  STI  awards  so  that 
executives  are  not  unfairly  advantaged  (or  disadvantaged)  by  factors 
outside their control. Any variations will be disclosed and explained in the 
Remuneration Report. 

Does the plan 
provide for 
clawback? 

A2B has a clawback mechanism in place, which allows for the repayment 
of  STI  awards  in  cases  involving  fraud,  dishonesty,  breach  of  obligations 
(including a material misstatement of financial information), or any other 
omissions that result in an STI outcome. The Board may use its discretion to 
ensure that no unfair benefit is obtained, subject to applicable laws. 

What happens on 
termination of 
employment? 

Where employment ends prior to the end of the performance period by 
reason of resignation, fraudulent or dishonest conduct, or termination for 
cause, any entitlement to the STI award will be forfeited at termination of 
employment. 

Where employment ends for any other reason, a pro-rata portion of the STI 
award  will  remain  on  foot  and  will  be  tested  at  the  end  of  the  original 
performance period. 

The Board retains the discretion to vary the treatment set out above based 
on the specific circumstances surrounding the termination of employment. 

Were any changes 
made in FY23? 

The FY23 STI incentive plan was adopted by the Board in the last quarter 
of FY22 and implemented in FY23.  The performance framework has been 
chosen as it more closely aligns with the focus of the Executive team to 
deliver improved business  results and  shareholder  value.  No  changes  to 
the plans were made in FY23. 

FY23 LTI Plan:  

Details of the executive KMP LTI are disclosed below. 

What is the LTI plan? 

The LTI plan provides participating executives with an opportunity to share 
in  the long-term  growth of  A2B and aligns  their interests  with  those of  the 
Company’s shareholders. All executive KMP are eligible and participated in 
the LTI plan for FY23. 

What is the format 
for LTI awards? 

LTI  awards  are  delivered  in  the  form  of  rights  which  are  granted  for  nil 
consideration.  LTI  awards  are  granted  annually.  The  quantum  granted  is 
dependent on the individual performance outcomes for each KMP.  

Unvested rights will remain on foot until 30 June 2026 (Sunset date) and will 
vest when the respective vesting conditions (outlined below) are met during 
the performance period.   

Any Performance Rights which are unvested on 30 June 2026 will lapse. On 
vesting, each right converts into one ordinary share. 

What is the 
performance 
period? 

The performance period for the FY23 LTI award commenced on 1 July 2022 
and  will  end  on  30  June  2026.  Subject  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  relevant 
performance  measures,  the  allocated  portion  of  the  FY23  awards  vest 
immediately.  

29 

29

 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

What is the 
maximum 
opportunity? 

The  maximum  LTI  opportunity  is  set  individually  and  based  upon  market 
benchmarks for the remuneration mix. This figure when compared to FAR is 
70% of FAR.  

What are the LTI 
performance 
measures? 

Performance  Rights  will  vest  upon  satisfaction  of  the  following  vesting 
conditions: 

- 

- 

- 

First tranche: 1/3 of Performance Rights will vest on A2B achieving a 
20 day volume-weighted average price (VWAP) of at least $1.70, 
Second  Tranche:  1/3  of  Performance  Rights  will  vest  on  A2B 
achieving a 20 day VWAP of at least $2.00, and 
Third Tranche: 1/3 of Performance Rights will vest on A2B achieving 
a 20 day VWAP of at least $2.30. 

These performance conditions have been chosen because they incentivise 
management to achieve increases in the Company’s share price, thereby 
aligning  their  interests  with  the  creation  of  shareholder  value.  A  20-day 
VWAP  method  has  been  chosen  for  assessing  the  achievement  of  these 
performance  conditions  because 
impact  of  daily 
fluctuations in the Company’s share prices and ensures that vesting would 
only  occur  where  sustained  increases  in  the  Company’s  share  price  are 
achieved. 

reduces  the 

it 

Unvested rights will remain on foot until 30 June 2026 and will vest when the 
respective vesting conditions are met.  Any Performance Rights which are 
unvested on 30 June 2026 will lapse (Sunset Date). 

The target VWAP specified above will be reduced by the amount of any 
dividend or return of capital paid per share paid prior to the Sunset Date. 

Decisions regarding the level of performance achieved and the relevant 
remuneration  outcomes  will  be  made  by  the  Board,  in  its  absolute 
discretion,  with  the  outcomes  communicated  to  shareholders  in  the 
Remuneration Report. 

Where a change of control event occurs, the Board has  the discretion to 
determine the proportion of LTI awards to vest and may have regard to the 
executive’s  tenure,  the  proportion  of  the  performance  period  that  has 
elapsed,  the  extent  to  which  the  performance  conditions  have  been 
satisfied  and  the  time  of  the  change  of  control  and  the  interests  of  the 
Company’s shareholders. 

If  a  change of  control  occurs  before  the Board  exercises  its discretion,  a 
pro-rata  number  of  unvested  LTI  awards  will  vest  based  on  the  extent  to 
which the performance conditions are satisfied (or are estimated to have 
been  satisfied)  and  the  proportion  of  the  performance  period  that  has 
elapsed at the time of the change of control.  

The Board may adjust the terms of the LTI awards in exceptional situations 
where  participants  may  be  unfairly  advantaged  (or  disadvantaged)  by 
external factors outside of their control. The Board in all circumstances will 
ensure  any  variation  takes  into  account  the  purpose  of  the  LTI  plan  and 
achievement  against  the  relevant  performance  conditions  up  until  the 
relevant  time.  Any  variations  will  be  disclosed  and  explained  in  the 
Remuneration Report. 

With  respect  to  Mr  Bayliss’  existing  Performance  Rights,  on  a  change  of 
control, any unvested Performance Rights will vest. 

30 

What happens on a 
change of control or 
other significant 
event? 

30 

A2B Annual Report 2023

 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Does the plan 
provide for 
clawback? 

What happens on 
termination of 
employment? 

Were any changes 
made in FY23? 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

The Company has a clawback mechanism in place, which allows for the 
lapsing and/or clawback of LTI awards in cases involving fraud, dishonesty, 
breach  of  obligations  (including  a  material  misstatement  of  financial 
information), or any other act or omission that result in an inappropriate LTI 
outcome.  The Board may use its discretion to ensure that no unfair benefit 
is obtained by a participant, subject to applicable laws. 

Where employment ends prior to the end of the performance period due 
to  resignation,  termination  for  cause  or  poor  performance,  unvested  LTI 
awards  will  lapse.    Where  the  employment  ends  for  any  other  reason, 
unvested LTI awards will continue on-foot and be tested at the end of the 
original performance period against the relevant performance conditions. 
However,  the  Board  has  an  overriding  discretion  to  apply  another 
treatment if it deems it appropriate. 

With respect to Mr Bayliss, on his resignation of his role or termination of his 
appointment  agreement  by  A2B  for  cause,  any  unvested  Performance 
Rights currently granted will lapse. 

Change to performance measures and period 

The FY23 LTI incentive plan was adopted by the Board in the last quarter of 
FY22 and implemented in FY23.  The performance framework chosen aligns 
with the metrics approved by shareholders at the EGM for the Performance 
Rights  granted  to  the  Executive  Chairman.  Additionally,  it  more  closely 
aligns the focus of the Executive team to deliver improved business results 
and shareholder value. No changes to the plans were made in FY23. 

For the terms applicable to prior-year STI and LTI grants, please refer to our Remuneration Report for 
the relevant year, which is available at https://www.a2baustralia.com/investor-center/reports/. 

Executive KMP contracts 

The  Company  has  a  contemporary  standard  executive  service  agreement.  The  remuneration 
arrangements for executive KMP are formalised in these agreements. 

Table 3: Executive KMP contract terms 

Executive 

Mark Bayliss 

Olivia Barry 

Gary Becus 

Ton van Hoof 

Daniela Fontana 

Contract term 

Notice period1 

Ongoing 

Ongoing 

Ongoing 

Ongoing 

Stepped down on 27 April 2023 

6 months 

6 months 

6 months 

6 months 

3 months 

FAR 

720,296  

400,000  

351,724  

451,724  

575,000  

1. The Board has the discretion to make payments to executive KMP in lieu of notice. No other termination payments are 

provided for under any KMP contract. 

31 

31

 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

4.  Executive KMP remuneration outcomes for FY23 

FAR 

The fixed annual remuneration of executive KMP for FY23 is set out at table 3 on page 31.  

STI performance and outcomes 

The Executive Chairman assessed the performance of each executive KMP against their individual 
FY23 STI performance measures with recommendations presented to the Committee. The Committee 
also  assessed  the  performance  of  the  Executive  Chairman  with  reference  to  his  STI  performance 
measures and made recommendations to the Board.  

The  Board  considered  the  material  provided  to  the  Committee,  its  recommendations,  and  the 
annual  financial results.  The  Board  determined  that  the  financial performance was in line  with  the 
minimum  threshold  for  the Gateway Hurdle.  The Board also agreed  with  the  recommendations in 
relation to the individual performance of each executive KMP and the applicable value payable.  

The individual FY23 STI outcomes for each executive KMP, including percentages and values payable 
are detailed in the table below. 

Table 4: STI award outcomes 

Executive 
Mark Bayliss * 

Olivia Barry 

Gary Becus 

Ton van Hoof 

Maximum FY23 STI 
opportunity 
$ 
208,500 

STI earned in FY23 
$ 
208,500 

120,000 

105,000 

135,000 

120,000 

80,000 

108,000 

% of  
maximum 
opportunity 
achieved 
100% 

% of 
maximum STI 
opportunity 
forfeited 
0% 

100% 

76% 

80% 

0% 

24% 

20% 

*  The Board determined to issue an additional cash bonus to Mr Bayliss of $200,000 (above the maximum STI opportunity), to 
reflect the outperformance achieved in FY23. 

Long Term Incentive Plan approved in 2014 

The  Company’s  shareholders approved  an  earlier  LTI  plan  in November  2014.  The  sixth  tranche of 
Performance Rights under the LTI plan was granted for the performance periods 1 July 2019 – 30 June 
2022.  The  rights  were  tested  in  September  2022  and  did  not  vest  and  lapsed  immediately  as  the 
performance conditions attached to the rights, being an absolute TSR and an indexed TSR hurdle, 
were not achieved. Further details are shown in table 7 on page 33. 

Snapshot of Group performance 

Table 5: Performance outcomes for the last five years 

Profit (Loss) after tax from continuing 
operations ($M) 
Profit (Loss) attributable to owners of the 
Company ($M) 
Dividend paid ($M) 
Dividend paid per share fully franked (cents) 
Closing share price at 30 June ($) 

Note: Opening share price in FY19 was $2.40 

32 

A2B Annual Report 2023

FY23 

FY22 

FY21 

FY20 

FY19 

27.1 

(27.8) 

(18.1) 

(23.7) 

26.8 
- 
- 
1.49 

(28.1) 
- 
- 
1.10 

(18.3) 
- 
- 
1.26 

(23.8) 
9.6 
8 
0.81 

11.9 

11.8 
9.6 
8 
1.77 

32 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Executive remuneration in FY23 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

The statutory remuneration of each executive KMP in FY23 is set out in the table below. 

Table 6: FY23 executive KMP remuneration (statutory) 

Salary and 
fees $ 

Non-cash 
benefits2  
$ 

Super 
contributions 
$ 

Termination 
benefits  
$ 

STI  
$ 

Other long 
term 
employee 
benefits3  
$ 

Non-cash 
Fair value 
Performance 
Rights4  
$ 

Non-cash 
Fair value 
Incentive 
Shares4  
$ 

Performance 
related rem 
% of total 
rem5 

Total  
$ 

350,570 

120,000 

13,850 

25,292 

Executives: 

Mark Bayliss1 

2023 

695,000 

408,500 

Olivia Barry 

  2022 

2023 

  2022 

231,668 

- 

38,502 

- 

Gary Becus6 

2023 

326,432 

80,000 

Ton van Hoof 

2023 

426,432 

108,000 

2022 

426,432 

Former executives: 

Daniela Fontana7  2023 

90,066 

- 

- 

- 

- 

21,612 

17,624 

3,431 

25,292 

25,292 

30,069 

2,962 

3,234 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

304,553 

607,377  2,037,042 

64.82% 

101,518 

424,623 

775,433 

67.85% 

1,285 

18,682 

642 

- 

8,200 

12,277 

10,972 

59,036 

14,051 

80,015 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

529,679 

26.18% 

45,537 

0.00% 

455,435 

20.26% 

629,732 

26.52% 

550,567 

14.53% 

11,133 

143,750 

- 

- 

- 

244,949 

0.00% 

Total 

2023 

1,888,500 

716,500 

17,084 

108,621 

143,750 

20,457 

394,548 

607,377  3,896,837 

44.10% 

2022 

696,602 

- 

2,962 

51,124 

- 

14,693 

181,533 

424,623  1,371,537 

44.20% 

1. Of the total remuneration recognised in FY23, $911,910 relates to Performance Rights and Incentive Shares earned from prior periods. 

2. Movements in accruals for annual leave and reportable fringe benefits are disclosed as non-cash benefits. 

3. Other long-term employee benefits represent provisions for long service leave. 
4. Amounts disclosed in the table above for remuneration relating to Performance Rights and Incentive Shares are non-cash benefits and represent fair 
value calculations in accordance with AASB 2 Share-based Payment.  Further details are set out in Note 34 to the consolidated financial statements. 
Total cash remuneration is shown in Table 2 above. 

5. This represents the percentage of the total remuneration that relates to performance. 

6. 2023 relates to the period from 1 July 2022 (being the date of Mr Becus' appointment as KMP) to 30 June 2023. 

7. 2023 relates to the period from 1 March 2023 to 27 April 2023 (being the period of Ms Fontana's tenure as KMP). 

Incentive awards held by executive KMP 

Details of all outstanding share-based incentive awards granted to executive KMP are set out in the 
table below. The maximum possible total value of each grant is the number of instruments granted 
multiplied by the market value of shares in the Company. The minimum possible total value of each 
grant is nil. 

Table 7: Incentive awards held by executive KMP 

Executive 
Mark Bayliss 

Olivia Barry 

Gary Becus 

Ton van Hoof 

Type of award 
Incentive 
shares1 

Performance 
Rights 

Performance 
Rights 

Performance 
Rights 

Performance 
Rights 

Performance 
Rights 

Grant date 
28 April 2022 

28 April 2022 

Performance 
period 
1 July 2022 - 
30 June 2026 

1 July 2022 - 
30 June 2026 

1 September 
2022 

1 July 2022 - 
30 June 2026 

1 September 
2022 

1 July 2022 - 
30 June 2026 

1 September 
2022 

1 July 2022 - 
30 June 2026 

26 April 2021 

1 July 2020 - 
30 June 2023 

Number 
granted 
              200,000  

Performance 
conditions 
 Service  

Vesting 
date 
July 2023 

           1, 500,000  

 Share price  

 140,000  

 Share price  

 92,000  

 Share price  

 126,000  

 Share price  

              185,185  

 Absolute TSR 
hurdle and 
indexed TSR  

June 2026 
sunset date 

June 2026 
sunset date 

June 2026 
sunset date 

June 2026 
sunset date 

September 
2023 

1. Mr Bayliss’ incentive shares vested on 1 July 2023. 

33 

33

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

5.  Non-executive Director fee arrangements 

Fees in FY23 

During  FY23,  Non-Executive  Director  (NED)  fees  were  paid  out  of  an  aggregate  fee  pool  of  $1.0 
million. The fee pool is inclusive of statutory entitlements (including superannuation).  

NED fees consist of Board fees and committee fees. The payment of additional fees for serving on a 
committee recognises the additional time commitment required by NEDs. The Chairman of the Board 
is not eligible for additional fees for serving on committees. Fees are not linked to performance and 
no STI or LTI is provided to NEDs. 

In June 2022, the Board reviewed the NED fees for FY23 and implemented a 15% reduction to Non-
Executive Director Board and Committee fee arrangements. 

The table below summarises NED fees payable in respect of FY23. 

Table 8: Board and Committee fees 

Board 

Audit and Risk Committee 

Remuneration and Nominations Committee 

   Chairman $ 

   Member $ 

200,000  

20,000  

20,000  

90,000  

10,000  

10,000  

No fees were paid for the Board Chairman role in FY23 given that Mr Bayliss was Executive Chairman 
during FY23 and separately remunerated as highlighted in this Remuneration Report. 

The  Board  and  committee  fees  outlined  in  the  table  above  include  statutory  superannuation 
contributions. NEDs do not receive retirement benefits other than statutory superannuation. 

Fees in FY24 

For FY24, the Board has decided to leave the Board and Committee fees unchanged. 

Non-executive Director remuneration in FY23  

The statutory remuneration of each NED for FY23 is set out in the table below. 

Table 9: FY23 NED remuneration (statutory) 

Executive 

Brent Cubis1 

  Non-executive Director 

Jennifer Horrigan2 

  Non-executive Director 
Clifford Rosenberg3 

  Non-executive Director 

David Grant 

  Non-executive Director 

Total fees 

2023 

2023 

2022 

2023 

2022 

2023 

2022 

2023 

2022 

Short term benefits 

Post-employment benefits 

Salary and fees $ 

Superannuation benefits $ 

90,000 

120,000 

134,509 

110,000 

130,342 

32,485 

177,973 

352,485 

442,824 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3,411 

15,490 

3,411 

15,490 

Total $ 

90,000 

120,000 

134,509 

110,000 

130,342 

35,896 

193,463 

355,896 

458,314 

1. Mr Cubis' fees were invoiced and paid monthly to Cubes Advisory Pty Ltd. 
2. Ms Horrigan's fees were invoiced and paid monthly to Scarp Consulting Pty Ltd as trustee for The MacDonald Horrigan 
Family Trust. 
3. Mr Rosenberg’s fees were invoiced and paid monthly to Rosenberg Trading Pty Ltd, a personal services company 
nominated by him. 

34 

A2B Annual Report 2023

34 

 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

6.  Additional disclosures relating to securities  

Shares 

In order to align the interests of NEDs with the Company’s shareholders, the Board has adopted a 
policy  that  requires  each NED  to  accumulate a minimum  shareholding  equivalent  to  their  annual 
base fee. NEDs have three years from their appointment date to meet the expected level of share 
ownership. 

Executive KMP’s are granted Performance Rights which convert into shares on the achievement of 
performance measures. As indicated on page 36, no rights were vested during FY23.  

The relevant interests of each KMP (and their related parties) in the share capital of the Company for 
FY23 are detailed in the table below.  

Table 10: Shareholdings of KMP and their related parties 

Balance 1 July 2022 

Received as 
remuneration 

Net other change 

Balance 30 June 2023 

Direct 
interest 

Indirect 
interest 

Direct 
interest 

Indirect 
interest 

Direct 
interest 

Indirect 
interest 

Direct 
interest 

Indirect 
interest 

Non-executive 
Director 

Brent Cubis 

Jennifer Horrigan1 

Clifford Rosenberg2 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

111,307 

David Grant 

35,000 

Executive 

Mark Bayliss 

Olivia Barry 

Gary Becus 

Ton van Hoof3 

800,000 

3,807 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

14,139 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

102,122 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

102,122 

111,307 

35,000 

800,000 

3,807 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

14,139 

1. The indirect shares are 102,122 fully paid ordinary shares held by Macdonald Horrigan Family Holdings as trustee for Macdonald Horrigan 
Family Superannuation Fund. 

2. The indirect shares are 111,307 fully paid ordinary shares held by The Rosenberg Company Pty Ltd as trustee for The Rosenberg 
Superannuation Fund. 

3. The indirect shares are 14,139 fully paid ordinary shares held by MLC Wrap Super Series 2 Fund. 

35 

35

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A2B Australia Limited  
and its Controlled Entities 

Rights 

Annual Financial Report 
 Year Ended 30 June 2023 

The  table  below  details  the  rights  and  incentive  shares  granted  to  executive  KMP  as  part  of  their 
remuneration during FY23 and LTI rights from an earlier LTI plan (2014) which lapsed during FY23.  

Table 11: Rights granted to executive KMP 

Balance 
1 July 
2022 
  1,500,000 
- 

Number 
of rights 
granted 
in FY23 
- 

Value of 
rights 
granted 
in FY231 
- 

140,000 

$85,867 

- 

92,000 

$56,427 

Mark Bayliss 

Olivia Barry 

Gary Becus 

Ton van Hoof2 

323,116 

126,000 

$77,280 

Net other 

change  Vested 
- 

- 

Value 
of rights 
vested 
- 

Lapsed 

Balance 
30 June 
2023 
-  1,500,000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

140,000 

92,000 

-  137,931 

311,185 

1.  The fair values of the Performance Rights granted are detailed in Note 34 to the consolidated financial statements.  
2.  Includes Performance Rights under the earlier LTI Plan approved in November 2014. 
3.  As  at  the  end  of  the  reporting  period,  no  member  of  the  KMP  was  holding  any  vested  and  exercisable  or  vested  and 

unexercisable rights.  

7.  Transactions with KMP and their related parties 

No loans were made, guaranteed, or secured, to KMP or any of their related parties.  

There were no transactions between the Company (or any of its controlled entities) and any KMP (or 
their related parties) other than those within the normal employee, customer or supplier relationship 
on  terms  no  more  favourable  than  arms’  length.  Information  about  these  transactions  would  not 
adversely affect investment decisions by shareholders, or the discharge of accountability by KMP. 

8.  Shareholder voting for the 2022 Remuneration Report 

The Company received a “yes” vote on 95% of votes cast on its Remuneration Report for the 2022 
financial  year.  The  Board  is  committed  to  ongoing  and  transparent  engagement  with  all 
stakeholders. It will continue to review the effectiveness of the Company’s remuneration practices 
and  their  alignment  with  strategic  performance  objectives  to  appropriately  reward  its  executives 
and deliver shareholder value.  

36 

A2B Annual Report 2023

36 

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auditor’s Independence Declaration 

Lead Auditor’s Independence Declaration under 
Section 307C of the Corporations Act 2001 

To the Directors of A2B Australia Limited 

I declare that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, in relation to the audit of A2B Australia 
Limited for the financial year ended 30 June 2023 there have been: 

i. 

ii. 

no contraventions of the auditor independence requirements as set out in the 
Corporations Act 2001 in relation to the audit; and 

no contraventions of any applicable code of professional conduct in relation to the 
audit. 

KPM_INI_01 

PAR_SIG_01  PA_NAM_01  PAR_POS_01  PAR_DAT_01  PAR_CIT_01 

Yours faithfully 

KPMG 

Cameron Slapp 
Partner 
Sydney 
22 August 2023 

KPMG, an Australian partnership and a member firm of the KPMG global organisation of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International 
Limited, a  private English company limited  by guarantee. All rights reserved.  The KPMG name and logo are trademarks used  unde r license  by the 
independent member firms of the KPMG global organisation. Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legisl ation. 

37 

37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

Table of Contents 

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income ............................................................................. 40 

Consolidated statement of financial position ......................................................................................... 41 

Consolidated statement of cash flows .................................................................................................... 42 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity ....................................................................................... 43 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements ..................................................................................... 44 

1. Reporting entity...................................................................................................................................... 44 

2. Basis of preparation .............................................................................................................................. 44 

3. Revenue and other income ................................................................................................................ 47 

4. Finance income ..................................................................................................................................... 50 

5. Direct mobility and payment related expenses.............................................................................. 51 

6. Income tax expense ............................................................................................................................. 52 

7. Trade and other receivables ............................................................................................................... 53 

8. Inventories ............................................................................................................................................... 55 

9. Assets held for sale ................................................................................................................................ 55 

10.  Property, plant and equipment ...................................................................................................... 55 

11.  Taxi plate licences ............................................................................................................................. 57 

12.  Goodwill ............................................................................................................................................... 60 

13.  Intellectual property .......................................................................................................................... 62 

14.  Net deferred tax assets ..................................................................................................................... 64 

15.  Financial assets ................................................................................................................................... 66 

16.  Trade and other payables ............................................................................................................... 66 

17.  Loans and borrowings ....................................................................................................................... 66 

18.  Provisions .............................................................................................................................................. 67 

19.  Share capital and Reserves ............................................................................................................. 69 

20.  Dividends ............................................................................................................................................. 70 

21.  Earnings per share .............................................................................................................................. 71 

22.  Dividend franking balance .............................................................................................................. 71 

23.  Parent entity disclosures ................................................................................................................... 72 

24.  Deed of Cross Guarantee ................................................................................................................ 72 

25.  Related Party and Key Management Personnel disclosures .................................................... 75 

26.  Remuneration of auditors ................................................................................................................. 75 

27.  Particulars relating to controlled entities ....................................................................................... 76 

28.  Capital expenditure commitments ................................................................................................ 77 

38 

A2B Annual Report 2023

38 

 
 
 
29.  Contingencies .................................................................................................................................... 77 

30.  Right of use assets and lease liabilities ........................................................................................... 77 

31.  Notes to the consolidated statement of cash flows ................................................................... 79 

32.  Financial instruments and financial risk management ............................................................... 81 

33.  Operating segment ........................................................................................................................... 85 

34.  Share-based payment – Long term incentive ............................................................................. 88 

35.  Subsequent events ............................................................................................................................ 89 

Directors’ Declaration............................................................................................................................... 90 

Independent Auditor’s Report….…………………………………………………………………………………..91 

39 

39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 

For the year ended 30 June 2023 

Revenue 
Other income 

Direct mobility and payment related expenses 
Employee benefits expenses 
Advertising and marketing expenses 
Technology and communications expenses 
Depreciation and amortisation expenses 
Impairment charges  
Other expenses  
Results from operating activities 
Finance income 
Finance costs 
Net finance costs 
Profit/(Loss) before income tax 
Income tax (expense) / benefit 
Profit/(Loss) for the period 

Notes 
3 
3 

5 

10, 12, 13 

4 

6 

2023 
$'000 
          147,251  
            23,194  
          170,445  

2022* 
$'000 
          126,138  
               2,637  
          128,775  

          (31,742) 
          (36,020) 
          (66,729) 
          (61,128) 
          (11,221) 
             (2,746) 
          (11,288) 
          (12,235) 
          (10,999) 
          (16,177) 
                      -               (10,249) 
          (19,869) 
          (15,555) 
          (38,500) 
            31,762  
                       4  
                    34  
             (1,222) 
             (3,538) 
            (1,218) 
            (3,504) 
          (39,718) 
            28,258  
            11,900  
             (1,195) 
          (27,818) 
            27,063  

Other comprehensive income 
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: 
Foreign exchange translation differences, net of tax 
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the period, net of income tax 
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the period 

Attributable to: 
Owners of the Company 
Non-controlling interest 
Total profit/(loss) for the period 

Owners of the Company 
Non-controlling interest 
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the period 

Earnings per share 
Total attributable to owners of the Company: 
Basic earnings per share 
Diluted earnings per share 

                    88  
                    88  
            27,151  

                  (76) 
                  (76) 
          (27,894) 

            26,792  
                  271  
            27,063  

          (28,118) 
                  300  
          (27,818) 

            26,880  
                  271  
            27,151  

          (28,194) 
                  300  
          (27,894) 

21 
21 

     22.1 cents  
     21.4 cents  

  (23.3 cents)  
  (23.3 cents)  

* The comparative information has been re-stated and certain operating expenses have been reclassified to better reflect 
the nature of the expenses.  Refer to Note 2. 

The consolidated statement of comprehensive income is to be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated 
financial statements.  

40 

A2B Annual Report 2023

40 

 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Consolidated statement of financial position 

As at 30 June 2023  

Current assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other receivables 
Inventories 
Prepayments 
Assets held for sale 
Total current assets 
Non-current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Property, plant and equipment 
Taxi plate licences 
Goodwill 
Intellectual property 
Right-of-use assets 
Net deferred tax assets 
Financial assets 
Total non-current assets 
Total assets 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Loans and borrowings 
Lease liabilities 
Current tax liabilities 
Deferred income 
Provisions 
Total current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Loans and borrowings 
Lease liabilities 
Deferred income 
Provisions 
Total non-current liabilities 
Total liabilities 
Net assets 
Equity 
Share capital 
Reserves 
Profits reserve 
Retained losses 
Total equity attributable to equity holders of the Company 
Non-controlling interest 
Total equity 

Notes 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

31 
7 
8 

9 

7 
10 
11 
12 
13 
30 
14 
15 

16 
17 
30 

18 

17 
30 

18 

19 
19 
19 

         29,541  
         45,762  
           3,157  
           3,490  
         10,438  
         92,388  

         12,295  
         60,254  
           3,667  
           3,322  
                  -    
         79,538  

           5,598  
         16,730  
           1,341  
         27,487  
         13,468  
           4,123  
         22,740  
               963  
         92,450  
       184,838  

           5,303  
         23,673  
           1,349  
         27,487  
         12,722  
           6,517  
         20,507  
               977  
         98,535  
       178,073  

         38,193  
               602  
           1,195  
           3,096  
               118  
           7,580  
         50,784  

         55,880  
           1,649  
           1,556  
               310  
               118  
           8,112  
         67,625  

         15,000  
           3,453  
               118  
           1,257  
         19,828  
         70,612  
       114,226  

         17,274  
           5,530  
               236  
           1,268  
         24,308  
         91,933  
         86,140  

       138,325  
           3,230  
         45,615  
       (74,428) 
       112,742  
           1,484  
       114,226  

       138,325  
           2,016  
         18,823  
       (74,428) 
         84,736  
           1,404  
         86,140  

The consolidated statement of financial position is to be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial 
statements. 

41 

41

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Consolidated statement of cash flows 

For the year ended 30 June 2023  

Cash flows from operating activities 
Receipts from customers and others 
Payments to suppliers, licensees and employees 
Dividends received 
Interest received 
Finance costs paid 
Income tax (paid) / received 
Net cash provided by / (used in) operating activities 
Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 
Payments for development of intellectual property 
Proceeds from sale of property 
Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment 
Government compensation for cancelling tradeable value  
of Taxi licences 
Net cash provided by / (used in) investing activities 
Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from borrowings 
Repayment of borrowings 
Payment of lease liabilities 
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest in subsidiaries 
Net cash (used in) / provided by financing activities 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 July 
Effect of movements in exchange rate on cash held 
Cash and cash equivalents at 30 June 

Notes 

2023 

$'000 

2022 

$'000 

   1,023,208  
 (1,010,961) 
                  -    
                 32  
         (1,728) 
             (178) 
         10,373  

       733,673  
     (744,600) 
               167  
                   1  
         (1,014) 
           5,529  
         (6,244) 

         (5,606) 
         (4,540) 
         19,000  
           1,322  

         (4,044) 
         (4,731) 
               -  

                  449    

           1,630  
         11,806  

                  -    
         (8,326) 

           5,000  
         (8,321) 
         (1,489) 
             (191) 
         (5,001) 
         17,178  
         12,295  
                 68  
         29,541  

         17,347  
             (288) 
         (2,021) 
               (83) 
         14,955  
               385  
         11,874  
                 36  
         12,295  

31 

31 

The consolidated statement of cash flows is to be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

42 

A2B Annual Report 2023

42 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

For the year ended 30 June 2023 

Balance at 1 July 2022 
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the 
period: 
Profit for the period 

Other comprehensive income 

Total comprehensive income for the period 
Transactions with owners in their capacity 
as owners: 
Transfer to profits reserve 

Share-based payments 
Dividends to non-controlling interest in 
subsidiaries 

34 

Balance at 1 July 2021 
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the 
period: 
(Loss)/profit for the period 

Other comprehensive (loss) 
Total comprehensive (loss)/income for the 
period 
Transactions with owners in their capacity 
as owners: 
Share-based payments 
Dividends to non-controlling interest in 
subsidiaries 

34 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

Notes 

Share 
capital 
$'000 

138,325 

Other 
reserves 
$'000 

Profit 
reserves 
$'000 

Retained 
losses 
$'000 

Non-
controlling 
interest 
$'000 

2,016 

18,823 

(74,428) 

1,404 

Total 
equity 
$'000 

86,140 

27,063 

88 

27,151 

- 

1,126 

(191) 
935 

114,226 

- 

88 

88 

26,792 

- 

26,792 

- 

- 

- 

26,792 

(26,792) 

1,126 

- 

- 

1,126 

3,230 

26,792 

(26,792) 

45,615 

(74,428) 

271 

- 

271 

- 

- 

(191) 
(191) 

1,484 

- 

(76) 

(76) 

1,133 

- 
1,133 

2,016 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

(28,118) 

300 

(27,818) 

- 

- 

(76) 

(28,118) 

300 

(27,894) 

- 

- 
- 

- 

1,133 

(83) 
(83) 

(83) 
1,050 

18,823 

(74,428) 

1,404 

86,140 

Balance at 30 June 2023 

138,325 

138,325 

959 

18,823 

(46,310) 

1,187 

112,984 

Balance at 30 June 2022 

138,325 

The  consolidated  statement  of  changes  in  equity  is  to  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  notes  to  the  consolidated  financial 
statements. 

43 

43

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 

For the year ended 30 June 2023 

1.  Reporting entity 

A2B  Australia  Limited  (the  Company)  is  a  company  domiciled  in  Australia.  The  address  of  the 
Company's  registered  office  is  9-13  O’Riordan  Street,  Alexandria.  The  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements as  at  and  for  the  year  ended  30  June  2023  comprise  the  Company and  its  subsidiaries 
(together referred to as the Group). The Group is a for-profit entity and during the year ended 30 June 
2023 was involved in providing technology, booking, dispatch, payment and Taxi related services. 

2.  Basis of preparation 

Statement of compliance 

The Consolidated Financial Statements are general purpose financial statements which have been 
prepared  in  accordance  with  Australian  Accounting  Standards  adopted  by  the  Australian 
Accounting  Standards  Board  (AASB)  and  the  Corporations  Act  2001.  The  Consolidated  Financial 
statements  comply  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRS)  adopted  by  the 
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). 

The  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  were  authorised  for  issue  by  the  Board  of  Directors  on  22 
August 2023. 

Going concern 

The financial report has been prepared on a going concern basis. During FY23, the Company returned 
to profitability, delivered on its ‘Better Before Bigger” turnaround strategy and returned to a net cash 
position at 30 June 2023. The momentum gained in FY23 continued in the early months of FY24 and 
management  is  confident  that  budget  targets  for  FY24  showing  revenue  and  earnings  growth  are 
achievable with the Company experiencing continued profitable growth. 

As of 30 June 2023, the Group had access to $29.5 million in  liquidity and reported a net cash position 
of $13.9 million. This is an improvement of $20.5 million compared with last year. At 30 June 2023, the 
Group had access to a working capital facility of $15 million expiring in September 2024. This facility 
has been renegotiated in August 2023 and extended to September 2026. 

Management  has  prepared  cash  flow  forecast  scenarios  based  on  A2B’s  new  strategic  plan.  The 
business  is  expected  to  continue  improving  its  cash  flow  position  through  sustainable  growth, 
supported by its recently implemented strategy and cost control initiatives. These cash flow forecasts 
demonstrate that the Group has sufficient cash and credit facilities to enable the Group to meet its 
obligations as they fall due.  

Therefore, the directors believe that it remains appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a 
going  concern  basis  and  have  a  reasonable  expectation  that  the  Group  will  comply  with  the 
requirements of its debt facilities during the next 12 months from the date of which the financial report 
is authorised for issue. 

Interests in land and buildings  

A2B’s interests in land and buildings, excluding the properties held for sale, are accounted for under 
Property,  Plant  and  Equipment  and  are  measured  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and 
impairment  losses.  The  book  value  of  A2B’s  interest  in  land  and  buildings,  relating  to  one  property 
located  in  Melbourne,  was  $2.2  million  as  at  30  June  2023.  Please  refer  to  Note  10  for  further 
information. 

44 

A2B Annual Report 2023

44 

 
 
  
During FY23 the Company entered into contracts to sell both of its properties located in Alexandria, 
Sydney. The property at 9-13 Bourke Road settled on 29 May 2023 and the property located at 9-13 
O’Riordan  Street  is  expected  to  settle  in  December  2023.    Refer  to  Note  9  for  further  information 
concerning assets held for sale. 

Basis of measurement 

The  Consolidated  Financial  Statements have  been prepared  on  the historical  cost  basis  except  for 
financial assets (unlisted investments), which are measured at fair value through other comprehensive 
income. 

Functional and presentation currency 

These Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in Australian dollars, which is the Company's 
functional currency and the functional currency for the majority of the Group entities. 

The  Company  is  of  a  kind  referred  to  in  ASIC  Corporation  Instrument  2016/191  (Rounding  in 
Financial/Directors’ Reports)  and in  accordance with  that  Instrument, amounts in  the  Consolidated 
Financial  Statements  and  the  Directors’  Report  have  been  rounded  off  to  the  nearest  thousand 
dollars, unless otherwise stated. 

Foreign currency transactions 

Transactions  in  foreign  currencies  are  translated  to  the  respective  functional  currencies  of  Group 
entities at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. 

Use of estimates and judgements 

The  preparation of  Consolidated  Financial Statements  requires  management  to  make  judgements, 
estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  application  of  accounting  policies  and  the  reported 
amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

Estimates  and  underlying  assumptions  are  reviewed  on  an  ongoing  basis.  Revisions  to  accounting 
estimates  are  recognised  in  the  period  in  which  the  estimate  is  revised  and  in  any  future  periods 
affected. 

In particular, information about significant areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgements in 
applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amount recognised in the 
Consolidated Financial Statements are described in the following notes: 

Note 7 Trade and other receivables 
Note 10 Property, plant and equipment 
Note 11 Taxi plate licences 
Note 12 Goodwill 
Note 13 Intellectual property 

Transactions eliminated on consolidation 

Intra-group balances, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, 
are eliminated in preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements.  

45 

45

 
 
 
 
Change in classification 

During  the  year  ended  30  June  2023,  the  Group  updated  the  classification  of  certain  operating 
expenses to better reflect the nature of these expenses. 

Comparative amounts  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive income were re-stated as 
follows: 

Restated financial statement disclosure 
Direct mobility and payment related 
expenses 

Payment processing costs 
   School taxi and bus route services cost 
Other Taxi related costs 

June 2022 
$'000 

      (1,407) 
      (7,729) 
      (1,446) 
   (10,582) 

Previous financial statement 
disclosure 
Other expenses 

June 2022 
$'000 

Other expenses 

    (10,582) 

   (10,582) 

Refer to Note 5 for further details of direct mobility and payment related expenses. 

New accounting standards 

(a) New and amended accounting standards adopted by the Group 

During the year, the Group has applied a number of new and revised accounting standards issued 
by  the  Australian  Accounting  Standards  Board  (AASB)  that  are  mandatorily  effective  for  an 
accounting period that begins on or after 1 July 2022, as follows: 

AASB 2020-3 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards – Annual Improvements 2018-2020 and 
Other Amendments, including: 

▪  Amendments to AASB 137 – Onerous Contracts – Cost of Fulfilling a Contract. 
▪  Amendments to AASB 116 – Property, Plant and Equipment: Proceeds before Intended Use. 
▪  Reference to the Conceptual Framework (Amendments to AASB 3). 

Based on AASB 137 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, the full cost approach was 
utilised and hence there was no impact on measurement of onerous contracts. 

None of the above new and amended accounting standards have had a significant impact on the 
Group’s consolidated financial statements. 

(b) New accounting standards and interpretations not yet adopted 

The  following  standards,  amendments  to  standards  and  interpretations  are  relevant  to  current 
operations.  They  are  available  for  early  adoption  but  have  not  been  applied  by  the  Group  in  this 
Financial Report. 

▪  AASB 2020-1 and 2020-6 Classification of liabilities as current or non-current. 
▪  AASB 2021-2 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards – Disclosure of Accounting Policies 

and Definition of Accounting Estimates. 

▪  AASB  2021-5  Amendments  to Australian Accounting  Standards  –  Deferred  Tax  related  to  Assets 

and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction. 

▪  AASB 17 Insurance Contracts. 
▪  AASB 2020-5 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards – Insurance Contracts. 
▪  AASB 2022-1 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards – Initial Application of AASB 17 and 

AASB 9 Comparative Information. 

▪  AASB 2022-5 Amendments to AASB 16 Leases – Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback. 

46 

46 

A2B Annual Report 2023

 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
▪  AASB  2014-10  Amendments  to  Australian  Accounting  Standards  –  Sale  or  Contribution of  Assets 

between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture. 

▪  AASB 2022-7 Editorial Corrections to Australian Accounting Standards and Repeal of Superseded 

and Redundant Standards. 

▪  AASB  2022-6  Amendments  to  Australian  Accounting  Standards  –  Non-current  Liabilities  with 

Covenants. 

▪  AASB 2023-1 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards – Supplier Finance Arrangements. 
▪  AASB 2023-2 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards – International Tax Reform – Pillar 

Two Model Rules. 

AASB  17  Insurance  Contracts  (AASB  17)  will  be  first  applicable  to  the  Group  for  the  financial  year 
commencing  1  July  2023  and  must  be applied  retrospectively.  Insurance  contracts  are  defined  as 
contracts ‘under which one party (the issuer) accepts significant insurance risk from another party (the 
policyholder) by agreeing to compensate the policyholder if a specified uncertain future event (the 
insured  event)  adversely  affects  the  policyholder’.  AASB  17  establishes  the  principles  for  the 
recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts. 

Management is in the process of determining the impact and no material items have been identified 
to date. 

3.  Revenue and other income  

Revenue  is  measured  based  on  the  consideration  specified  in  a  contract  with  a  customer  and 
excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Group recognises revenue when it transfers 
control over a product or service to a customer.  

The  following is a description  of  the Group’s  principal activities  from which  the Group  generates its 
revenue: 

Payment processing revenue 

Payment processing revenue is derived from payments processed through the A2B Payment System 
and  is  disclosed  net  of  Goods  and  Services  Tax  (GST)  and  third  party  credit  card  fees.  Payments 
processed through the A2B taxi payment system relate to the total transaction value processed. As 
the  Group  acts  in  the  capacity  of  an  agent,  the  revenue  represents  only  the  fee  received  on  the 
transaction,  although  the  Group  is  exposed  to  credit  risk  on  the  full  amount  of  the  payments 
processed.  Payment  processing  revenue  is  recognised  at  the  point  in  time  when  the  payment  is 
processed. 

Network subscription and Taxi plate licence income 

Network subscription fee and Taxi plate licence incomes are billed every month in advance. Revenue 
is recognised over the period when the services are provided. 

Other Taxi related services income 

Other Taxi related services income is generated from the fit-out of vehicles as Taxis, and repair and 
replacement of in-vehicle Taxi equipment. Revenue is recognised over the period when the services 
are  provided,  or  a  point  in  time  when  the  Group  has  transferred  the  control  to  the  buyer  through 
ownership, generally when the customer has taken delivery of the goods. 

Taxi operating income 

Taxi operating income  is  derived  from  the  rental of vehicles  to  Independent  Drivers.  This revenue is 
recognised on a straight-line basis over the time when services are rendered, whichever is applicable. 

47 

47

 
 
 
Courier service income 

Courier  service  income  was  generated  from  providing  courier  dispatch  services  to  Customers,  of 
which  revenue  is  recognised  at  the  point  in  time  when  services  are  rendered.  Revenue  was  also 
generated  from  subscriptions  by  courier  agents,  which  was  recognised  over  the  period  when  the 
services are rendered. This business was sold in August 2022. 

Insurance commission revenue  

Insurance  commission  revenue  comprised  of  brokerage  fees  received  from  referrals  to  insurance 
products. Revenue is recognised at the point in time when the referral has been fully rendered. 

Hardware sales income 

Sales of hardware are recognised at the point in time when the Group has transferred the control to 
the buyer through ownership, generally when the customer has taken delivery of the goods. Hardware 
sales primarily relate to the sale of Taxi equipment. 

Car sales income 

Car sales income is generated through the sale of cars to Taxi Operators. This revenue is recognised 
at a point in time when the ownership of the car is transferred to Customers. 

School taxi and bus route services revenue 

School taxi and bus route services revenue is based on contracts for these services with Government 
departments. It is billed in arrears and recognised over the period when services are rendered. 

Taxi Subsidy Scheme revenue 

The Taxi Subsidy Scheme (TSS) revenue is derived from providing services to issue TSS cards and process 
Taxi travel transactions of TSS participants in some  states and territories. It is billed monthly in arrears 
and is recognised over the period when services are rendered. 

Software consulting and licence income 

Software  consulting and  licence income is  derived  through  the provision of  a  software  license  to a 
licensee for the return of a fixed fee. Software consulting income is derived in relation to consulting 
and software development. It is recognised over time when services are rendered. 

Other revenue 

Other revenue is generated from ancillary Taxi operations. It is recognised at a point in time or over 
time, whichever is applicable, when services are rendered. 

Interest on finance lease receivables  

Interest earned on vehicle and insurance loans is recognised on a basis reflecting a constant periodic 
return based on the lessor’s net investment outstanding in respect of the loan. 

48 

A2B Annual Report 2023

48 

 
 
 
 
Taxi equipment and terminal rental income 

Taxi equipment and terminal rental income is derived from the rental of Taxi equipment and payment 
terminals.  This  revenue  is  recognised  at  a  point  in  time  or  over  time  when  services  are  rendered, 
whichever is applicable. 

Revenues 

Revenue from contracts with customers 
Payment processing revenue 
Network subscription income 
Brokered Taxi plate licence income 
Owned Taxi plate licence income 
Other Taxi related services income 
Taxi operating income 
Courier service revenue 
Insurance commission revenue 
Car and hardware sales income 
School taxi and bus route services revenue 
Taxi Subsidy Scheme revenue 
Software consulting and licence income 
Other 
Total revenue from contracts with customers 

Other revenue  
Interest on finance lease receivables and others 
Taxi equipment and terminal rental income 
Total other revenue 
Total revenue 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

         35,350  
         54,234  
           4,608  
               461  
           1,895  
           6,718  
               315  
           1,094  
           8,626  
         11,052  
           3,620  
           5,442  
           4,684  
       138,099  

         25,707  
         42,408  
           2,487  
               125  
           1,747  
           9,483  
           3,149  
               917  
           5,711  
           6,382  
           3,986  
           5,291  
         11,849  
       119,242  

           1,210  
           7,942  
           9,152  
       147,251  

1610 
5,286 
           6,896  
       126,138  

For more information about receivables and contract liabilities from contracts with customers, refer to 
Notes 7 and 16, respectively. 

No information is provided about remaining performance obligations at 30 June 2023 or  at 30 June 
2022 that have an original expected duration of one year or less, as allowed by AASB 15. 

Other income 

Non-operating activities 
Government grants 
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Net gain on property transactions 
NSW taxi plate licence compensation - impairment reversal 
Total other income 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

               215  
                 83  
         21,274  
           1,622  
         23,194  

           2,496  
               141  
                  -    
                  -    
           2,637  

49 

49

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Government grants 

In FY23 the Group recognised $215,000 (FY22 $2,378,000) income from Government grants. There were 
no new Government grants available to the Group in FY23.   

Net gain on property transactions 

Included in the gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment is the net gain from the sale of the 
Bourke Road, Alexandria property in May 2023 and the net gain from a land swap.  

NSW taxi plate licence compensation – impairment reversal 

The  Company  has  recognised  as  other  income  the  reversal  of  the  impairment  resulting  from 
compensation received from the NSW Government to compensate owners of NSW taxi plate licences 
following legislative changes in FY23. 

Total turnover 

Total  turnover  in  FY23  was  $1,002  million  (FY22  $733  million)  and  does  not  represent  revenue  in 
accordance  with  Australian  Accounting  Standards.  Total  turnover  represents  the  value  of  Taxi  hire 
charges (fares) paid through the Cabcharge Payment System plus Cabcharge's Taxi service fee plus 
the Group’s revenue from other sources. A2B's credit risk is based on turnover rather than revenue.  

The  receipts  from  customers  and  others  as  disclosed  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  cash  flows 
includes the total turnover. 

4.  Finance income  

Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested and foreign currency gains. Interest 
income is recognised as it accrues using the effective interest method. 

Finance income 
Interest income 
Total finance income 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

                 34  
                 34  

                   4  
                   4  

50 

A2B Annual Report 2023

50 

 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
5.  Direct mobility and payment related expenses  

Direct mobility and payment related expenses 
Payment processing costs 
Brokered Taxi plate licence costs 
Taxi operating expenses 
School taxi and bus route services cost 
Courier service expenses 
Cost of cars and hardware sold 
Other Taxi related costs 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

         (6,982) 
         (4,198) 
         (2,769) 
         (9,028) 
             (191) 
         (7,756) 
         (5,096) 
       (36,020) 

         (5,098) 
         (2,059) 
         (5,333) 
         (5,090) 
         (1,979) 
         (5,507) 
         (6,676) 
       (31,742) 

Payment processing costs 

Payment processing costs are fees paid to Taxi Networks and Drivers relating to payments processed 
through the A2B Payment System. 

Brokered taxi license plate costs 

Brokered  taxi  license  plate  costs  consist  of  taxi  licence  plate  fees  paid  to  Taxi  licence  owners  and 
Government. 

Taxi operating expenses 

Taxi operating expenses are all running expenses related to operating A2B’s owned fleet of taxis. This 
fleet makes up a small proportion (<5%) of all vehicles affiliated with A2B’s network.  

School taxi and bus route services cost 

School  taxi  and  bus  route  services  costs are  those  expenses incurred in providing  transport  services 
contracted with Government departments. 

Courier service expenses 

Courier  service  expenses  are all  expenses incurred by  the Group related  to  the provision of  courier 
dispatch services. This business was sold in August 2022. 

Cost of cars and hardware sold 

The cost of cars and hardware sold represents the cost of goods sold, the cost of acquiring cars and 
hardware that the Group sells. 

Other Taxi related costs 

Other Taxi related costs include all costs related to fitting out of vehicles as Taxis. 

51 

51

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
6.  Income tax expense 

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognised except 
to the extent that it relates to a business combination or items recognised directly in equity or in other 
comprehensive income. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted 
or  substantively  enacted  at  the  reporting  date,  and  any  adjustment  to  tax  payable  in  respect  of 
previous years. 

A2B Australia Limited and its wholly owned Australian resident subsidiaries form a tax consolidated 
group. The current tax rate applicable to the group is 30%. 

Amounts recognised in profit and loss 

Current income tax expense (benefit) 
Current year 
Capital losses utilised 
Adjustment for prior years 

Deferred tax expense 
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 
Utilisation of previously unbooked tax losses 
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 
Total income tax expense (benefit) 

Numeric reconciliation between tax expense and pre-tax profit 

Profit / (loss) before tax from continuing operations 
Prima-facie income tax using the corporate tax rate of 30% 
Effect of tax rates in foreign jurisdiction 

Add tax effect of: 
Non-deductible depreciation  
Other non-deductible items 

Less tax effect of: 
Rebatable fully franked dividends 
Capital losses utilised 
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 
Recognition of previously unbooked tax losses 
Adjustment for prior years - tax payable 
Income tax expense / (benefit)  
Effective tax rate on pre-tax profit 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

           7,592  
(6,597) 

       (13,002) 
- 
                  -                      34  
       (12,968) 

           995  

           976  

           1,296  
                  -                  (228) 
         (776) 
           1,195  

                  -    
       (11,900) 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

         28,258  
           8,477  
             (186) 

       (39,718) 
       (11,915) 
             (117) 

               281  
                 102  

               305  
                 60  

               (39) 

                  -    
                  -    

             (106) 
         (6,597) 
         (776) 
                  -                  (228) 
                  -                      34  
       (11,900) 
           1,195  
30.0% 
4.2% 

52 

A2B Annual Report 2023

52 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Amounts recognised in other comprehensive income 

2023 
Tax (expense) 
Benefit 
$'000 

Before tax 
$'000 

2022 
Tax (expense) 

Net of tax 
$'000 

Before tax 
$'000 

Benefit  Net of tax 
$'000 

$'000 

Items which may be 
reclassified subsequently 
to profit or loss: 

Foreign exchange 
translation differences 

               (88)                    -                        (88)                   76                       -                    76  

               (88)                    -                        (88)                   76                      -                    76  

7.  Trade and other receivables 

Trade  receivables  are  recognised  initially  at  the  value  of  the  invoice  sent  to  the  Customer  and 
subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The amortised cost is reduced by 
impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. 
Any gains or losses on derecognition is recognised in profit or loss. The Group derecognises a financial 
asset when contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial assets expire, or it transfers the rights 
to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards 
of ownership of the financial assets are transferred or in which the Group neither transfers nor retains 
substantially all of  the  risks and rewards of ownership and it does  not  retain  control  of  the  financial 
asset.  

Finance lease receivables 

When the Group is the lessor in a lease agreement that transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards 
incidental to ownership of an asset to the lessee, the arrangement is classified as a finance lease and 
a receivable equal to the net investment in the lease is recognised and presented within trade and 
other receivables.   

Impairment  

The  Group  has  specifically  assessed  the  circumstances  of  individual  customers  in  the  current 
environment.    A  specific  doubtful  debt  provision  accounts  for  most  of  the  Group's  allowance  for 
impairment as at 30 June 2023. 

In  addition,  the  Group  recognises  an  allowance  for  expected  credit  losses  using  the  simplified 
approach allowed under AASB 9. Expected credit losses are based on the difference between the 
contractual cash flows due and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive. The collective 
loss allowance is determined based on the historical default rate. 

Write-off 

The  gross  carrying  amount  of  a  financial  asset  is  written  off  when  the  Group  has  no  reasonable 
expectations of recovering a financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. The Group individually 
makes an assessment with respect to the timing and amount of write-off based on whether there is a 
reasonable  expectation  of  recovery.  The  Group  expects  no  significant  recovery  from  the  amount 
written off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities 
in order to comply with the Group's procedures for recovery of amounts due.  

53 

53

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Current 
Trade receivables 
Accumulated impairment losses 
Finance lease receivables 
Other receivables 

Non-current 
Finance lease receivables 

Movement in allowance for impairment 
Opening balance 
Net remeasurement in allowance for impairment 
Amount written off as uncollectable 
Closing balance 

Ageing of trade receivables 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

         37,184  
         (3,551) 
           3,907  
           8,222  
         45,762  

         55,216  
         (6,937) 
           3,356  
           8,619  
         60,254  

           5,598  
           5,598  

           5,303  
           5,303  

         (6,937) 
             (235) 
           3,621  
         (3,551) 

         (7,366) 
         (1,973) 
           2,402  
         (6,937) 

Not past due 
Past due 1 - 30 days 
Past due 31 - 60 days 
Past due 61 - 90 days 
Past due over 90 days 

Gross 
$'000 
30,446 
1,359 
251 
304 
4,824 
37,184 

2023 

Impairment 
$'000 
(187) 
(42) 
(84) 
(73) 
(3,165) 
(3,551) 

Net 
$'000 
30,259 
1,317 
167 
231 
1,659 
33,633 

Gross 
$'000 
44,056 
3,162 
739 
354 
6,905 
55,216 

2022 
Impairment 
$'000 
(411) 
(352) 
(489) 
(293) 
(5,392) 
(6,937) 

Net 
$'000 
43,645 
2,810 
250 
61 
1,513 
48,279 

The Group’s credit risk management policies are outlined in Note 32. There have been no changes to 
the credit risk management policies during the year.  

Finance lease receivables 

2023 

2022 

Future 
minimum 
lease 
payments 
$'000 

4,713 
6,326 
11,039 

Interest 
$'000 

806 
728 
1,534 

Present 
value of 
minimum 
lease 
payments 
$'000 

3,907 
5,598 
9,505 

Future 
minimum 
lease 
payments 
$'000 

4,080 
5,849 
9,929 

Present 
value of 
minimum 
lease 
payments 
$'000 

3,356 
5,303 
8,659 

Interest 
$'000 

724 
546 
1,270 

Less than one year 
Between one and five years 

There have been no unguaranteed residual values. No lease payments are considered uncollectable 
at the reporting date. 

Collateral  is  held  in  the  case  of  finance  lease  receivables,  where  the  Group  holds  a  lien  over  the 
leased  asset.  The  market  value  of  such  collateral  is  not  expected  to  vary  materially  from  the  net 
investment value of the finance lease receivables. 

There has been no change in credit risk policies during the financial year. 

54 

A2B Annual Report 2023

54 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8.  Inventories 

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs are assigned on a first-
in,  first-out  basis  and  include  direct  materials  and  the  cost  of  purchase.  Net  realisable  value  is  the 
estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and 
selling expenses. 

Motor vehicles in transit 
Parts, safety cameras and sundries - at cost 

2023 
$'000 
               709  
           2,448  
           3,157  

2022 
$'000 
               769  
           2,898  
           3,667  

In 2023, inventories of $9,708,000 (2022: $7,826,000) were recognised as an expense during the year 
and included in “cost of cars and hardware sold” and “other taxi related costs”.  

9.  Assets held for sale 

Non-current  assets  are  classified  as  held  for  sale  if  it  is  highly  probable  that  they  will  be  recovered 
primarily through sale rather than through continuing use. Such assets are generally measured at the 
lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.  

Once classified as held for sale, property, plant and equipment is no longer depreciated. 

On 29 May 2023, settlement took place on the sale of the Company’s property at 9-13 Bourke Road, 
Alexandria for $19.0 million.  The net gain from the sale of this property is reflected in ‘Other Income’ 
in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, refer to Note 3. 

On 30 March 2023. the Group exchanged contracts for the sale of its property at 9-13 O’Riordan Street, 
Alexandria  for  $78  million.    Settlement  is  expected  in  December  2023.    Accordingly,  the  Group’s 
interest in the O’Riordan Street property has been classified as an asset held for sale. 

The  sale  prices  for  both  Alexandria  properties  are  in  line  with  the  independent  valuation  for  the 
property undertaken by a registered qualified valuer in May 2022.   

Property, plant and equipment at cost 
Accumulated depreciation 

2023 

$'000 

2022 

$'000 

         14,945  
         (4,507) 
         10,438  

                  -    
                  -    
                  -    

10.  Property, plant and equipment 

Items  of property,  plant  and  equipment  are  measured at  cost less accumulated  depreciation  and 
accumulated  impairment  losses.  Cost  includes  expenditure  that  is  directly  attributable  to  the 
acquisition of the item. 

Depreciation  

Items  of  property  (excluding  freehold land),  plant  and  equipment  are  depreciated at  rates  based 
upon their expected useful lives using the straight-line method. Leased assets are depreciated over 
the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives. 

55 

55

 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
The estimated useful lives of each major class of asset for the current and comparative periods are: 

▪  Buildings 
▪ 
▪ 
▪  EFTPOS Equipment 

Leasehold improvements    
Furniture, fittings, plant and equipment 

40 to 50 years 
10 years 
3 to 8 years 
4 to 8 years 

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reassessed at each reporting date. 

Gains  and  losses  on  disposal  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  determined  by 
comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment 
and are recognised net within other income/other expense in profit or loss.  

Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as 
appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow 
to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance 
are charged to the profit or loss during the financial period in which they are incurred. 

Impairment testing 

The property, plant and equipment is allocated to the two groups of Cash Generating Units (CGU) 
according to business operation and assessed for impairment based on the methodology described 
in Note 12. 

If the recoverable amount of specific property, plant and equipment is identified to be less than its 
carrying value, an impairment charge is recognised in the profit or loss and the carrying value of the 
asset  is written-down  to  its recoverable  amount.  Should  the recoverable  amount increase  in  future 
periods the carrying value may be adjusted to the lower of the recoverable value or the amortised 
cost of the asset had it not been impaired. 

Independent valuations of interests in land and buildings  

In monitoring market values for the Group's interest in land and buildings the directors have relied upon 
independent valuations from registered qualified valuers.  

Amounts disclosed below  represent  the  fair value  of  the Group's interest  in land  and  buildings  that 
were not held for sale at 30 June 2023,  as determined at the time of the most recent independent 
valuation  report.  Independent  registered  qualified  valuers  are  engaged  to  perform  the  valuations. 
The values are determined based on the highest and best use of the property.  

The fair value disclosure has been categorised as a Level 3 fair value based on certain unobservable 
inputs to the valuation techniques used. The valuers have used either a capitalisation of net income 
approach or a direct comparison approach to determine the fair value.  The significant inputs to the 
capitalisation of net income approach included the forecast net income, adopted capitalisation rate 
and the discount rate.  The significant inputs to the direct comparison approach included the land 
value range per square metre and the estimated demolition costs.  

The fair values determined by the independent registered qualified valuers are sensitive to changes 
in  these  significant inputs, amongst others.  However, overall  the  fair value of  the Group's interest in 
land and buildings is significantly higher than the book value of these interests. 

The above market valuations do not consider the potential impact of capital gains tax. 

Following the completion of A2B’s property portfolio review, the Board decided in July 2023 to also 
market its remaining Melbourne property. Further detail can be found in Note 35, Subsequent Events. 

56 

A2B Annual Report 2023

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Furniture, 
fittings, 
plant & 
equipment 
$'000 

Land & 
buildings 
$'000 

Eftpos 
equipment 
$'000 

Total 
$'000 

              15,976  
                5,247  
              (1,641) 
            (13,584) 
                5,998  

         78,925  
           4,622  
         (3,184) 
         (1,361) 
         79,002  

      135,898  
           40,997  
        10,876  
             1,007  
                    -             (4,825) 
                    -           (14,945) 
      127,004  
           42,004  

              (5,976) 
                  (580) 
                    751  
                4,254  
              (1,551) 

       (67,111) 
         (4,169) 
           2,444  
               253  
       (68,583) 

    (112,225) 
         (39,138) 
           (1,002) 
        (5,751) 
                    -               3,195  
                    -               4,507  
    (110,274) 
         (40,140) 

              10,000  
                4,447  

         11,814  
         10,419  

             1,859  
             1,864  

        23,673  
        16,730  

              16,292  
                    262  
                  (578) 

         78,045  
           3,640  
         (2,265) 
                       -                  (495) 
         78,925  
              15,976  

      138,905  
           44,568  
          4,044  
                 142  
           (3,713) 
        (6,556) 
                    -                (495) 
      135,898  
           40,997  

       (62,379) 
              (5,636) 
         (6,359) 
                  (610) 
                    270  
           1,483  
                       -                    144  
       (67,111) 
              (5,976) 

   (105,916) 
         (37,901) 
        (8,779) 
           (1,810) 
                 573  
          2,326  
                    -                  144  
   (112,225) 
         (39,138) 

              10,656  
              10,000  

         15,666  
         11,814  

             6,667  
             1,859  

        32,989  
        23,673  

2023 year: 
Cost 
Opening balance 
Additions 
Disposals 
Assets held for sale 
Closing balance 

Accumulated depreciation 
Opening balance 
Depreciation expense 
Disposals 
Assets held for sale 
Closing balance 

Net book value 
Opening balance 
Closing balance 

2022 year: 
Cost 
Opening balance 
Additions 
Impairment 
Disposals 
Closing balance 

Accumulated depreciation 
Opening balance 
Depreciation expense 
Impairment 
Disposals 
Closing balance 

Net book value 
Opening balance 
Closing balance 

11.  Taxi plate licences 

Taxi and other licences acquired separately are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and 
impairment losses. These assets are tested for impairment in accordance with the accounting policy. 

Taxi plate licences which have indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment in accordance with the 
policy below.   

Taxi plate licences with 10 or 50 year lives are amortised over their respective useful life.  These taxi 
plate licences with a finite life are tested for impairment wherever there is any indication that the asset 
may be impaired. 

57 

57

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
Impairment testing 

Taxi plate licences with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually, and whenever there 
is any indication that the asset may be impaired. 

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in 
use,  the  estimated  future  cash  flows are  discounted  to  their present value  using a pre-tax discount 
rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money. 

If the recoverable amount of an asset is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying 
amount  of  the  asset  is  reduced  to  its  recoverable  amount.  An  impairment  loss  is  recognised 
immediately in profit or loss. 

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the 
revised  estimate  of  its  recoverable  amount,  but  so  that  the  increased  carrying  amount  does  not 
exceed  the  carrying  amount  that  would  have  been  determined  had  no  impairment  loss  been 
recognised for the asset in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in 
profit or loss. 

During FY23, the NSW Government announced a compensation scheme for owners of NSW taxi plate 
licences.    The  Company  has  previously  impaired  the  value  of  NSW  taxi  licences.    Following  the 
compensation announcement, a reversal of prior year impairment losses totalling $1,630,000 has been 
recognised for those licences that the Company has received compensation for as at 30 June 2023.  
A corresponding disposal of the NSW taxi plate licences has also been recognised in FY23 to reflect 
the compensation received.  Total compensation received by the Group was $1,630,000 with a net 
gain of $1,622,000 recognised in FY23.  The net gain is reported in Other Income, refer to Note 3. 

58 

A2B Annual Report 2023

58 

 
 
 
 
Composition and movement 

2023 year: 
Cost 
Opening balance 
Additions 
Impairment reversal 
Disposals 
Closing balance 

Accumulated amortisation 
Opening balance 
Amortisation expense 
Disposals 
Closing balance 

Net book value 
Opening balance 
Closing balance 

2022 year: 
Cost 
Opening balance 
Additions 
Disposals 
Closing balance 

Accumulated amortisation 
Opening balance 
Amortisation expense 
Disposals 
Closing balance 

Net book value 
Opening balance 
Closing balance 

Indefinite life 

Finite life 

50 year 
renewable 
$'000 

$'000 

10 year 
$'000 

Total 
$'000 

                1,311  
                       -    
                1,630  
              (1,637) 
                1,304  

           2,195  
                  -    
                  -    

                 (1) 
           2,194  

             3,356  
                    -                      -    

          6,862  

          1,630  
                    -             (1,638) 
          6,854  
             3,356  

                       -              (2,194) 
                       -    
                       -    
                       -              (2,194) 

                  -    
                  -    

        (5,513) 

           (3,319) 
                    -                      -    
                    -                      -    
           (3,319) 

        (5,513) 

                1,311  
                1,304  

                   1  
                   37  
                  -                       37  

          1,349  
          1,341  

                1,311  
                       -    
                       -    
                1,311  

           2,195  
                  -    
                  -    
           2,195  

                       -              (2,194) 
                       -    
                       -    
                       -              (2,194) 

                  -    
                  -    

          6,862  

             3,356  
                    -                      -    
                    -                      -    
             3,356  

          6,862  

        (5,513) 

           (3,319) 
                    -                      -    
                    -                      -    
           (3,319) 

        (5,513) 

                1,311  
                1,311  

                   1  
                   1  

                   37  
                   37  

          1,349  
          1,349  

59 

59

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Impairment considerations 

After  assessing  the  recoverable  amount  of  Taxi  plate  licences  based  on  value-in-use,  using  a 
discounted  projected  cash  flow  model,  the  Group  determined  that  no  impairment  charge  was 
required  (FY22  $Nil).  To  determine value-in-use,  5 scenarios of  free  cash  flows have  been prepared 
based  on  estimated  Taxi  plate  licence  income  for  the  forthcoming  year  plus  annual  growth  of 
between -20% to 5% for years 2 to 5 based on expected market conditions with weights of between 
10% to 30% (FY22 between -20% to 5% for years 2 to 5 with weights of between 10% to 30%) and a long 
term growth rate of between -20% to 0% after 5 years (FY22 -20% to 0%). A post-tax discount rate of 
12.5% (FY22 12.4%) was applied in determining the recoverable amount. This long term growth rate 
reflects an estimation of the long term rental income growth for taxi plates and the discount rate is 
based on comparable industry market assumptions for the risk free rate, the market risk premium, the 
cost of debt, the beta and an additional risk weighting for these assets. An increase of 497 basis points 
in the post-tax discount rate would be required before an impairment of more than $10,000 is incurred.   

12.  Goodwill  

Goodwill  arising  on  the  acquisition  of  a  subsidiary  is  included  in  intangible  assets.  Goodwill  is 
subsequently measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.   

For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating 
units  expected  to  benefit  from  the  synergies  of  the  combination.  Cash-generating  units  to  which 
goodwill has been allocated are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an 
indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less 
than  the  carrying  amount  of  the  unit,  the  impairment  loss  is  allocated  first  to  reduce  the  carrying 
amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata on the 
basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is 
not reversed in a subsequent period. 

On disposal of a subsidiary, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the 
profit or loss on disposal. 

The two groups of cash generating units are B2C and B2B. There have been no changes to the CGUs 
during the year. 

Impairment considerations  

For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to groups of Cash Generating Units (CGU), 
according to business operation and / or geography of operation, which represent the lowest level 
at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes.  

Goodwill  is  allocated  to  the  Group’s  CGUs  as  set  out  below  and  assessment  of  the  recoverable 
amount  for  each  CGU  has  been  performed  on  a  value-in-use  basis  using  discounted  cash  flow 
projections.  

The impairment tests of the goodwill allocated to each CGU as per 30 June 2023 was based on base 
case scenario for the period FY24-FY28. The base case scenario was prepared based on a forecast 
EBITDA for the forthcoming year. For the base scenario, the assumed annual growth from FY24 - FY28 
is 14.5% for B2C CGU and 14.6% for B2B CGU. The long-term terminal growth rate is 2.1% for both CGU’s. 
A post-tax discount rate of 12.5% (FY22 12.4%) was applied in determining the recoverable amount. 
The long-term growth rate reflects the general estimated long term Australian economic growth and 
the discount rate is based on comparable industry market assumptions for the risk free rate, the market 
risk premium, the cost of debt and the beta. 

60 

A2B Annual Report 2023

60 

 
 
The valuation of the B2C CGU assumes growth driven by an increased fleet and associated revenue. 
The recoverable amount of the B2C CGU currently exceeds its carrying value in the base case model 
by $94.8 million. This is based on a compound annual growth rate of 14.5% for EBITDA over the period 
from FY24 to FY28 terminal year.  

The valuation of the B2B CGU assumes growth driven by an increase in fares processed and associated 
revenue. The  recoverable amount of  the  B2B CGU  currently  exceeds  its  carrying value in  the  base 
case model by $31.2 million. This is based on a compound annual growth rate of 14.6% for EBITDA over 
the period from FY24 to FY28 terminal year.  

Management  has  identified  that  a  reasonably  possible  unfavourable  change  in  the  five-year 
compound  annual  EBITDA  growth  rate,  long  term  growth  rate  and  discount  rate  assumptions  in 
isolation and in the absence of any mitigating factors would result in the carrying value of the B2C 
and B2B CGUs becoming equal to the recoverable amount.  

For B2C, individual changes in key assumptions used in the base case model that would result in nil 
headroom would be a decrease to -10.0% in FY24-FY28 compound annual EBITDA growth rate, and 
an increase to 31.9% in the post-tax discount rate. 

For  B2B, individual  changes in  key  assumptions  used in  the  base  case  model  that would result  in  nil 
headroom would be a decrease to -0.1% in FY24-FY28 compound annual EBITDA growth rate, and an 
increase to 23.5% in the post-tax discount rate. 

B2C 
B2B 

2023 year: 
Cost 
Opening balance 
Additions through acquisition 
Impairment loss 
Closing balance 
2022 year: 
Cost 
Opening balance 
Additions through acquisition 
Impairment loss 
Closing balance 

Goodwill allocated 

Impairment loss 

2023 
$'000 
22,954 
4,533 
27,487 

2022 
$'000 
22,954 
4,533 
27,487 

2023 
$'000 
- 
- 
- 

B2C 
$'000 

B2B 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 
- 
- 
- 

Total 
$'000 

         22,954  
             4,533  
                  -                         -                      -    
                  -                         -                      -    
             4,533  
         22,954  

        27,487  

        27,487  

         22,954  
                  -    
                  -    
         22,954  

             4,533  

             4,533  

        27,487  
                 -    
                 -    
        27,487  

61 

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13. Intellectual property 

Intangible assets acquired in a business combination 

Intangible  assets  acquired  in  a  business  combination  primarily  relating  to  customer  contracts, 
software, trademarks and brand names are identified and recognised separately from goodwill where 
they  satisfy  the  definition  of an  intangible  asset and  their  fair values can be  measured  reliably. The 
cost of such intangible assets is their fair value at the acquisition date. 

Trademarks are considered to have indefinite useful lives and such assets are tested for impairment in 
accordance with the policy below. 

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) arrangements 

SaaS  arrangements  are  service  contracts  providing  the  Group  with  the  right  to  access  the  cloud 
provider’s  application  software  over  the  contract  period.  As  such  the  Group  does  not  receive  a 
software intangible asset at the contract commencement date. 

The  following  table  outlines  the  accounting  treatment  of  costs  incurred  in  relation  to  SaaS 
arrangements: 

Recognise  as  an  operating  expense  over  the 
term of the service contract 
Recognise  as  an  operating  expense  as  the 
service is received 

• Fee for use of application software 
• Customisation costs 
• Configuration costs 
• Data conversion and migration costs 
• Testing costs 
• Training costs 

Costs incurred for the development of software code that enhances or modifies, or creates additional 
capability to, existing on-premise systems and meets the definition of and recognition criteria for an 
intangible asset are recognised as intangible software assets.  

Capitalised development costs 

Development activities involve a plan or design for the production of new or substantially improved 
products and processes. Development expenditure is  capitalised only if development costs can be 
measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic 
benefits  are  probable,  and  the  Group  intends  to  and  has  sufficient  resources  to  complete 
development and to use or sell the asset. The expenditure capitalised includes the cost of materials, 
direct labour, borrowing and overhead costs that are directly attributable to preparing the asset for 
its intended use. Other development expenditure is recognised in profit or loss when incurred. 

Capitalised  development  expenditure  is  measured  at  cost  less  accumulated  amortisation  and 
impairment losses. 

Amortisation 

Items of intellectual property are amortised at rates based upon their estimated useful lives using the 
straight-line method, and this amortisation is recognised in profit or loss.  

The estimated useful lives for current and comparative periods are as follows: 

Customer contracts 

Software 

5 to 8 years 

5 years 

Capitalised development costs 
(Internally developed applications)   4 to 8 years 

62 

A2B Annual Report 2023

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortisation  methods,  useful  lives  and  residual  values  are  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date  and 
adjusted if appropriate. 

Impairment testing 

The intellectual property is allocated to the two groups of Cash Generating Units (CGU) according to 
business operation and assessed for impairment based on the methodology described in Note 12. 

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and capitalised development costs (under development) 
are  tested  for  impairment  annually,  and  whenever  there  is  any  indication  that  the  asset  may  be 
impaired. 

Intangible assets with finite useful lives and capitalised development costs (internally developed) are 
tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that the asset may be impaired. 

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and the value in use. In assessing value 
in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount 
rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money. 

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the 
carrying  amount  of  the  asset  (CGU)  is  reduced  to  its  recoverable  amount.  An  impairment  loss  is 
recognised immediately in profit or loss. 

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (CGU) is increased 
to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does 
not  exceed  the  carrying amount  that would have  been  determined had  no impairment loss been 
recognised  for  the  asset  (CGU)  in  prior  years.  A  reversal  of  an  impairment  loss  is  recognised 
immediately in profit or loss. 

63 

63

 
 
 
 
 
Indefinite life 

  Finite life 

Trademarks  Brands 
$'000 

$'000 

Customer 
contracts 
$'000 

Software 
$'000 

Capitalised 
development costs 
Under 
development 
$'000 

Internally 
developed 
$'000 

Total 
$'000 

2023 year: 
Cost 
Opening balance 
Additions - internally 
developed 
Disposals 
Transfer 
Closing balance 

Accumulated amortisation   
Opening balance 
Amortisation expense 
Disposals 
Closing balance 

Net book value 
Opening balance 
Closing balance 

2022 year: 
Cost 
Opening balance 
Additions - internally 
developed 
Impairment 
Transfer 
Closing balance 

Accumulated depreciation 
Opening balance 
Amortisation expense 
Impairment 
Closing balance 

Net book value 
Opening balance 
Closing balance 

944 

759 

5,684 

2,700 

40,425 

1,426 

51,938 

- 
- 
- 
944 

- 
- 
- 
759 

- 
- 
- 
5,684 

- 
- 
- 
2,700 

- 
- 
- 
40,425 

4,564 
- 
- 
5,990 

4,564 
- 
- 
56,502 

- 
- 
- 
- 

(759) 
- 
- 
(759) 

(4,832) 
(398) 
- 
(5,230) 

(1,935) 
(540) 
- 
(2,475) 

(31,690) 
(2,880) 
- 
(34,570) 

-  (39,216) 
(3,818) 
- 
- 
- 
-  (43,034) 

944 
944 

- 
- 

852 
454 

765 
225 

8,735 
5,855 

1,426 
5,990 

12,722 
13,468 

944 

759 

5,684 

2,700 

44,503 

2,551 

57,141 

- 
- 
- 
944 

- 
- 
- 
759 

- 
- 
- 
5,684 

- 
- 
- 
2,700 

- 
(7,727) 
3,649 
40,425 

4,731 
(2,207) 
(3,649) 
1,426 

4,731 
(9,934) 
- 
51,938 

- 
- 
- 
- 

(759) 
- 
- 
(759) 

(4,334) 
(498) 
- 
(4,832) 

(1,415) 
(520) 
- 
(1,935) 

(31,219) 
(4,386) 
3,915 
(31,690) 

-  (37,727) 
(5,404) 
- 
- 
3,915 
-  (39,216) 

944 
944 

- 
- 

1,350 
852 

1,285 
765 

13,284 
8,735 

2,551 
1,426 

19,414 
12,722 

14.  Net deferred tax assets 

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets 
and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes.   

Deferred tax is not recognised for: 

▪ 

▪ 

temporary differences in the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a 
business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss; 

temporary differences relating to investments in subsidiaries and associates to the extent that the 
Group is able to control the timing or reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that 
they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and 

64 

64 

A2B Annual Report 2023

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
▪ 

taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.   

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences 
when they reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax 
liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same 
taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on 
a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously. 

Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognised  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  that  future  tax  profits  will  be 
available against which deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilised. Deferred tax 
assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable 
that the related tax benefit will be realised. 

The amount of benefits brought to account or which may be realised in the future is based on the 
assumption that no adverse change will occur in income taxation legislation and the anticipation that 
the  Group  will  derive  sufficient  future  assessable  income  to  enable  the  benefit  to  be  realised  and 
comply with the conditions of deductibility imposed by the law. Unrecognised capital losses at 30 June 
2023 are $Nil (FY22 $6,154,712 gross). 

Recognised deferred tax assets and liabilities and the movements in these balances are set out below: 

2023 year: 

Accumulated impairment losses - receivables 
Financial assets (unlisted investment) 
Employee entitlements 
Accruals 
Tax losses 
Disposal of property 

Prepayments 
Intellectual property 

Other taxable temporary differences 

2022 year: 

Accumulated impairment losses - receivables 
Financial assets (unlisted investment) 
Employee entitlements 
Accruals 

Tax losses 
Prepayments 
Intellectual property 
Other taxable temporary differences 

Opening 
balance 
$'000 

Charged to 
income 
$'000 

Closing 
balance 
$'000 

           (1,046) 
             2,057  
                   (4) 
                 286  
                 548  
             2,926  
                   81  
                 519  
           17,121  
         (17,121) 
                    -                19,554  

          1,011  
              282  
          3,474  
              600  
                 -    
        19,554  

               (524) 
               (538) 

            (273) 
                 251  
                    -                (538) 

           (1,340) 
           20,507  

                 (30) 
             2,233  

        (1,370) 
        22,740  

             2,100  
                 286  
             3,188  
                 411  

                 (43) 

          2,057  
                    -                   286  
          2,926  
              519  

               (262) 
                 108  

             3,536  
               (369) 
               (538) 

           13,585  
               (155) 

        17,121  
            (524) 
                    -                (538) 

               (396) 
             8,218  

               (944) 
           12,289  

        (1,340) 
        20,507  

65 

65

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
15.  Financial assets 

Unlisted  equity investments  are  recognised initially  and  subsequently  at  each reporting date at  fair 
value.  Unrealised  gains  and  losses  arising  from  changes  in  fair  value  are  recognised  in  other 
comprehensive  income  and  presented  in  the  fair  value  reserve  in  equity.  There  is  no  subsequent 
reclassification  of  fair  value  gains  and  losses  to  profit  or  loss  on  derecognition  of  the  investment. 
Dividends  from  these investments are  recognised in  profit or loss  when  the Group’s right  to receive 
payments is established. 

These unlisted investments are primarily investments in unrelated Taxi Network operations where the 
shareholding held by the Group is not sufficient to demonstrate significant influence. The Group has 
no intention to dispose of these unlisted investments in the foreseeable future. 

Unlisted investments 
Shares in other corporations 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

               963  
               963  

               977  
               977  

16.  Trade and other payables 

Trade and other payables are recognised at the fair value of the invoice received from the supplier. 
The carrying value of trade and other payables is considered to approximate fair value. 

Contract  liabilities  primarily  relate  to  the  revenue  arising  from  network  subscription  fee  income, 
brokered taxi plate licence income, owned taxi plate licence income, taxi Operating income, interest 
on vehicle  and insurance  loans  and  taxi  equipment  and  terminal  rental which have  been billed in 
advance. This will be recognised as revenue when the services are provided to the customers in the 
following month. 

Trade payables 
Security deposits 
Other payables and accruals 
Contract liabilities 

17.  Loans and borrowings 

2023 
$'000 
         11,913  
           7,375  
         16,658  
           2,247  
         38,193  

2022 
$'000 
         10,222  
           7,092  
         31,573  
           6,993  
         55,880  

Loans  and  borrowings  are  recognised  at  the  consideration  received,  less  directly  attributable 
transaction  costs, with  subsequent  measurement at  amortised  cost using  the  effective  interest rate 
method. 

For more information about the Group’s exposure to interest rate and liquidity risk, refer to Note 32. 

66 

A2B Annual Report 2023

66 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
Composition 

Unsecured loans 
Bank borrowings 

Disclosure in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

Current liability 
Non-current liability 

Bank facilities 

Working capital facility 
Multi option facility 
Total facility 
Amount used at 30 June 
Amount unused at 30 June 

2023 
$'000 
               602  
         15,000  
         15,602  

2022 
$'000 
           1,649  
         17,274  
         18,923  

2023 
$'000 
               602  
         15,000  
         15,602  

2022 
$'000 
           1,649  
         17,274  
         18,923  

2023 
$'000 
         15,000  
           1,600  
         16,600  
         15,000  
           1,600  

2022 
$'000 
         25,000  
           4,500  
         29,500  
         17,274  
         12,226  

The unsecured loans are at-call and bear variable interest rates at 1.5% per annum.  

At 30 June 2023, the bank working capital facility had a limit of $15,000,000 expiring in September 2024. 
Bank borrowings bear interest, the interest rates are calculated as BBSY plus margin on the drawn loan 
balance ranging between 2.95% and 5.19% in financial year 2023.  

Post balance date the term of the working capital facility was extended to September 2026. 

For more information about the Group’s exposure to interest rate and liquidity risk, refer to Note 32. 

18.  Provisions 

Employee benefits and make good provisions 

Wages, salaries and annual leave 

Liabilities for employee benefits for wages, salaries and annual leave represent the present obligations 
resulting  from  employees'  services  provided  up  to  the  reporting  date.  The  provisions  have  been 
calculated  at  undiscounted  amounts  based  on  expected  wage  and  salary  rates  that  the  Group 
expects  to  pay  as  at  reporting  date  and  include  related  on-costs,  such  as  workers'  compensation 
insurance and payroll tax. A liability is recognised in other payables for the amount expected to be 
paid  under  short-term  cash  bonus  or  profit-sharing  plans  if  the  Group  has  a  present  legal  or 
constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and 
the obligation can be estimated reliably. 

67 

67

 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
Long service leave 

The  provision  for  employee  benefits  for  long  service  leave  represents  the  present  value  of  the 
estimated future cash outflows to be made by the Group resulting from employees' services provided 
up  to  the  reporting  date.  The provision  is  calculated  using  expected  future increases  in wage and 
salary rates including related on-costs and expected settlement dates based on turnover history and 
is discounted using the rates attached to corporate bonds at reporting date which most closely match 
the terms of maturity of the related liabilities. 

Superannuation plans 

The Group contributes to defined contribution superannuation funds for the benefit of employees or 
their  dependants  on  retirement,  resignation,  disablement  or  death.  The  Group  contributes  a 
income  and  employees  may  make  additional 
percentage  of 
contributions  on  a  voluntary  basis.  Obligations 
to  defined  contribution 
superannuation funds are recognised as an employee benefits expense in profit or loss in the periods 
during which services are rendered by employees. 

individual  employees'  gross 

for  contributions 

Make good provision 

The  make  good  provision represents  the present value of  the  estimated  future  cash outflows  to  be 
made where the obligation to restore the leased property to its original condition exists. 

Composition 

Employee benefit provisions 
   Annual leave provision 
   Long service leave provision 
   Redundancy provision 
Make good provision 

Disclosure in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

Current provision 
   Employee benefit provisions 
   Make good provision 
Total current provision 

Non-current provision 
   Employee benefit provisions 
   Make good provision 
Total non-current provision 
Total provisions 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

           4,115  
           3,141  
               983  
               598  
           8,837  

           4,094  
           3,035  
           1,500  
               751  
           9,380  

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

           7,442  
               138  
           7,580  

           7,840  
               272  
           8,112  

               798  
               459  
           1,257  
           8,837  

               789  
               479  
           1,268  
           9,380  

68 

A2B Annual Report 2023

68 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Provision movement 

Balance at 1 July 
Provisions made during the year 
Provisions used during the year 
Provisions reversed during the year 
Balance at 30 June 

Annual 
leave 
$'000 
4,094 
1,687 
(1,666) 
- 
4,115 

Long service 

leave  Redundancy 
$'000 
$'000 
1,500 
3,035 
1,401 
983 
(1,500) 
(1,295) 
- 
- 
983 
3,141 

Make 
good 
$'000 
751 
129 
(21) 
(261) 
598 

Total 
$'000 
9,380 
4,200 
(4,482) 
(261) 
8,837 

Defined contribution superannuation funds 

Contributions to defined contribution superannuation funds 

2023 
$'000 
           5,060  

2022 
$'000 
           5,298  

19.  Share capital and Reserves 

Ordinary shares 

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary 
shares and share options are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects. 

Profits reserve 

The profits reserve represents the profits of entities within the Group transferred to a separate reserve 
to preserve their profit character. Such profits are available to enable payment of franked dividends 
in future years. 

Foreign currency translation reserve 

The  translation  reserve  comprises  all  foreign  currency  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of  the 
financial statements of foreign operations. 

Fair value reserve 

The  fair  value  reserve  comprises  the  cumulative  net  change  in  the  fair  value  of  unlisted  equity 
investments. On derecognition, the Group transfers that part of the reserve related to the underlying 
investment that is derecognised directly to Retained earnings.  

Employee Compensation Reserve 

The fair value of Long Term Incentive (LTI) plans granted is recognised in the employee compensation 
reserve over the vesting period. 

Composition and movement in issued capital (number of shares) 

Composition of issued capital 
Fully paid ordinary shares 

2023 
number 

2022 
number 

  121,230,683  

  121,230,683  

69 

69

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Composition and movement in share capital (dollars) 

Composition of issued capital 
Fully paid ordinary shares 

Options over unissued shares 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

       138,325  

       138,325  

No options were granted during the year and there were no options outstanding at the end of the 
financial year. Performance Rights were awarded during the year and they may be converted into 
ordinary shares, subject to the Board’s discretion. 

Terms and conditions applicable to ordinary shares 

Holders of ordinary  shares  are  entitled  to  receive dividends as declared  from  time  to  time  and  are 
entitled to one vote per share at shareholder meetings. In the event of a wind up of the Company, 
ordinary  shareholders  rank  after  all  other  shareholders  and  creditors  and  are  fully  entitled  to  any 
proceeds of liquidation. The Company does not have authorised capital or par value in respect of its 
issued shares. All issued shares are fully paid. 

Composition and movement in other reserves  

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
reserve 
$'000 

Fair value 
reserve 
$'000 

Employee 
compensation 
reserve 
$'000 

(83) 
88 
- 
5 

(7) 
(76) 
- 
(83) 

(667) 
- 
- 
(667) 

(667) 
- 
- 
(667) 

2,766 
- 
1,126 
3,892 

1,633 
- 
1,133 
2,766 

Total 
$'000 

2,016 
88 
1,126 
3,230 

959 
(76) 
1,133 
2,016 

2023 year: 
Opening balance 
Foreign exchange translation differences, net of tax 
Share-based payments 
Closing balance 

2022 year: 
Opening balance 
Foreign exchange translation differences, net of tax 
Share-based payments 
Closing balance 

20.  Dividends 

Dividends are recognised as a liability in the period in which they are declared. 

Reflecting the strength of A2B’s operating performance and balance sheet, the Board has reinstated 
the Company’s dividends, declaring a final FY23 fully franked dividend of $0.05 per share, scheduled 
for payment on 26 October 2023. The record date for the FY23 final dividend is 29 September 2023. 

70 

A2B Annual Report 2023

70 

 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
21.  Earnings per share 

Basic earnings per share (EPS) is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to equity holders for the 
reporting period by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. 

Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to equity holders for the reporting period 
by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding including dilutive potential ordinary 
shares. 

Consolidated profit / (loss) attributable to owners of the Company (in thousands 
of AUD) 

         26,792  

       (28,118) 

Weighted average number of fully paid ordinary shares outstanding during the 
year used in calculation of basic EPS (in thousands of shares) 

       121,231  

       120,556  

Weighted average number of fully paid ordinary shares outstanding during the 
year used in calculation of diluted EPS (in thousands of shares) 

       125,242  

       120,556  

2023 

2022 

Any potential dilution in  A2B’s earnings per share which might arise  following the exercise of the LTI 
awards is immaterial given the number of existing shares on issue. 

Basic EPS 
Diluted EPS 

22.  Dividend franking balance 

2023 
 22.1 cents  
 21.4 cents  

2022 
 (23.3 cents)  
 (23.3 cents)  

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

Balance at the end of the financial year including franking credits / (debits) 
arising from income tax payable / (receivable) in respect of the financial year 

         27,338  

         27,232  

The above available amounts are based on the balance of the dividend franking account at year-
end adjusted for: 

1. 

2. 

3. 

franking  credits  /  (debits)  that  will  arise  from  the  payment/receipt  of  the  current  tax 
liabilities/receivables; 

franking debits that will arise from the payment of dividends recognised as a liability at the year-
end; 

franking credits that will arise from the receipt of dividends recognised as receivables by  the tax 
consolidated group at the year-end; and 

4. 

franking credits that the entity may be prevented from distributing in subsequent years. 

The ability to utilise the franking credits is dependent upon there being sufficient available profits to 
declare  dividends.    The impact on  the  dividend  franking  account  of  dividends proposed after  the 
balance sheet date but not recognised as a liability is to reduce it by $Nil (FY22 $Nil).  In accordance 
with the tax consolidation legislation, the Company as the head entity in the tax consolidated group 
has also assumed the benefit of $27,338,000 (FY22 $27,232,000) franking credits. 

71 

71

 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
23.  Parent entity disclosures 

As at, and throughout, the financial year ended 30 June 2023 the parent entity of the Group was A2B 
Australia Limited.   

Results of the parent entity 
Loss for the year 
Total loss for the year 

Financial position of the parent entity at year end 
Current assets 
Non-current assets 
Total assets 
Current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Total liabilities 

Total equity of the parent entity comprising: 
Share capital 
Reserves 
Profits reserve 
Retained losses 
Total equity 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

       (18,898) 
       (18,898) 

       (19,523) 
       (19,523) 

         32,460  
       226,890  
       259,350  
         30,107  
       132,625  
       162,732  

         51,516  
       250,795  
       302,311  
         34,202  
       153,722  
       187,924  

       138,325  
           3,385  
         18,823  
       (63,915) 
         96,618  

       138,325  
           2,256  
         18,823  
       (45,017) 
       114,387  

Parent entity capital expenditure commitments and contingencies 

At 30 June 2023, the parent entity has not  made any capital expenditure commitments (2022 $Nil). 
For contingent liabilities as at 30 June 2023, refer to Note 28. 

Parent entity guarantees in respect of the debts of its subsidiaries 

The  parent  entity  has  entered  into  a  Deed  of  Cross  Guarantee  with  the  effect  that  the  Company 
guarantees debts in respect of certain subsidiaries. 

Further details of the Deed of Cross Guarantee and the subsidiaries subject to the deed are disclosed 
in Note 24. 

24.  Deed of Cross Guarantee 

Pursuant  to  ASIC  Corporations  (Wholly  owned  Companies)  Instrument  2016/785,  the  wholly-owned 
subsidiaries  listed  below  are  relieved  from  the  Corporations  Act  2001  requirements  for  preparation, 
audit and lodgement of financial reports, and Directors’ reports. 

It is a condition of the Instrument that the Company and each of the subsidiaries seeking relief enter 
into a Deed of Cross Guarantee (Deed). The effect of the Deed is that the Company guarantees to 
each creditor payment in full of any debt in the event of winding up of any of the subsidiaries under 
certain provisions of the Corporation Act. If a winding up occurs under other provisions of the Act, the 
Company will only be liable in the event that after six months any creditor has not been paid in full. 
The subsidiaries have also given similar guarantees in the event that the Company is wound up. 

72 

A2B Annual Report 2023

72 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
The subsidiaries subject to the Deed are: 

Taxis Combined Services Pty Ltd 

▪ 
▪  Black Cabs Combined Pty Ltd 
▪  Yellow Cabs (South Australia) Pty Ltd 
▪  Yellow Cabs Australia Pty Ltd 
▪  Combined Communications Network Pty Ltd 
▪  EFT Solutions Pty Ltd 
▪  Maxi Taxi (Australia) Pty Ltd 
▪  135466 Pty Ltd 
▪  Newcastle Taxis Pty Ltd 
▪  Austaxi Group Pty Ltd 
▪ 
Taxitech Pty Ltd 
▪  Arrow Taxi Services Pty Ltd 
▪  North Suburban Taxis (Vic) Pty Ltd 
▪  ABC Radio Taxi Pty Ltd 
▪  Cabcharge Payments Pty Ltd 
▪  Mobile Technologies International Pty Ltd 

The Consolidated income statement and retained earnings for the Company and controlled entities 
who are a party to the Deed is as follows:  

Revenue and other income 
Expenses 
Results from operating activities 
Finance income 
Finance costs 
Profit / (loss) before income tax 
Income tax (expense) / benefit 
Profit / (loss) for the year 

Retained losses at beginning of year 
Profit / (loss) for the year 
Transferred to profit reserve 
Retained losses at end of year 

2023 
$'000 
       156,597  
     (126,681) 
         29,916  
                 20  
         (3,433) 
         26,503  
         (609) 
         25,894  

2022 
$'000 
       110,874  
     (150,125) 
       (39,251) 
                   2  
         (1,131) 
       (40,380) 
         11,996  
       (28,384) 

       (69,638) 
         25,894  
(25,894) 
       (69,638) 

       (41,254) 
       (28,384) 
- 
       (69,638) 

73 

73

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
The Consolidated financial position for the Company and controlled entities which are a party to the 
Deed is as follows: 

Current assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other receivables 
Inventories 
Prepayments 
Assets held for sale 
Total current assets 
Non-current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Property, plant and equipment 
Taxi plate licences 
Goodwill 
Intellectual property 
Right-of-use assets 
Net deferred tax assets 
Financial assets 
Total non-current assets 
Total assets 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Loans and borrowings 
Lease liabilities 
Current tax liabilities 
Deferred income 
Provisions 
Total current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Loans and borrowings 
Lease liabilities 
Deferred income 
Provisions 
Total non-current liabilities 
Total liabilities 
Net assets 
Equity 
Share capital 
Reserves 
Profits reserve 
Retained losses 
Total equity attributable to equity holders of the Company 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

         26,006  
         41,109  
           2,763  
           3,153  
         10,438  
         83,469  

           8,695  
         65,734  
           3,342  
           2,927  
                  -    
         80,698  

           5,598  
         25,053  
           1,303  
         26,838  
         13,069  
           3,711  
         22,452  
           2,596  
       100,620  
       184,089  

           5,303  
         21,035  
           1,311  
         26,838  
         12,312  
           5,921  
         20,217  
           2,596  
         95,533  
       176,231  

         37,081  
               602  
           1,102  
           2,648  
               118  
           6,970  
         48,521  

         53,270  
           1,649  
           1,446  
               152  
               118  
           6,714  
         63,349  

         15,000  
           3,089  
               118  
           1,209  
         19,416  
         67,937  
       116,152  

         17,274  
           5,014  
               236  
           1,226  
         23,750  
         87,099  
         89,132  

       138,325  
           2,748  
         44,717  
       (69,638) 
       116,152  

       138,325  
           1,622  
         18,823  
       (69,638) 
         89,132  

74 

A2B Annual Report 2023

74 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
 
 
25.  Related Party and Key Management Personnel disclosures 

Apart from the details disclosed in this note, no key management personnel (KMP) have entered into 
a material contract with the Company or the Group since the end of the previous financial year and 
there are no material contracts involving key management personnel interests existing at year end.  

KMP compensation (including Non-executive Directors) 

Short-term employee benefits - salary, fees, non-cash benefits, cash bonus 
Post-employment benefits - superannuation 
Other long-term benefits 
Termination benefits 
Share-based payment expense 
Incentive shares 

Loans to Directors and other KMP 

No loans are made to Directors or other KMP. 

Transactions with Directors and other KMP 

The Group has no transactions with related parties in the reporting period.  

26. Remuneration of auditors 

Audit and review of financial reports 
Other services 
Auditors of the Company - KPMG Australia 
Taxation services 
Other assurance services 

2023 
$ 

2,622,083 
108,622 
20,457 
143,750 
394,548 
607,377 
3,896,837 

2022 
$ 

2,656,584 
180,013 
40,693 
1,277,768 
708,277 
424,623 
5,287,958 

2023 
$ 
       491,815  

2022 
$ 

       453,000  

       273,868  
         25,157  
       790,840  

       255,521  
                  -    
       708,521  

The increase in non-audit services provided by KMPG primarily relates to tax advice that supported the property transactions 
that were entered into during FY23. 

75 

75

 
 
  
  
 
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
27.  Particulars relating to controlled entities 

13cabs Innovations Pty Ltd 
135466 Pty Ltd 
A2B Corporate Services Pty Ltd (previously known as Voci Asia Pacific Pty Ltd) 
ABC Radio Taxi Pty Ltd 
Access Communications Net Pty Ltd 
Arrow Taxi Services Pty Ltd 
Austaxi Group Pty Ltd 
Black Cabs Combined Car Sales Pty Ltd 
Black Cabs Combined Pty Ltd 
Cab Access Pty Ltd 
Cabcharge (Investments) Pty Ltd 
Cabcharge Payments Pty Ltd 
Carbodies Australia Pty Ltd 
Champ Australia Pty Ltd 
Champ NSW Pty Ltd 
Champ NSW Pty Ltd 
Champ WA Pty Ltd 
Combined Communications Network Pty Ltd 
EFT Solutions Pty Ltd 
Enterprise Speech Recognition Pty Ltd 
Go Taxis Pty Ltd 
Helpline Australia Pty Ltd 
Kingscliff Tweed Coast Taxis Pty Ltd 
Mact Franchise Pty Ltd 
Mact Network Pty Ltd 
Mact Rental Pty Ltd 
Maxi Taxi (Australia) Pty Ltd 
Melbourne Taxi Cab Service Pty Ltd 
Mobile Technologies Developments Pty Ltd 
Mobile Technologies International Pty Ltd 
Newcastle Taxis Pty Ltd 
North Suburban Taxis (Vic) Pty Ltd 
Silver Service (Victoria) Pty Ltd 
Silver Service Taxis Pty Ltd 
South Western Cabs (Radio Room) Pty Ltd 
Taxi Data Australia Pty Ltd 
Taxi Industry (Australia) Insurance Brokers Pty Ltd 
Taxi Services Management (Newcastle) Pty Ltd 
TaxiProp Pty Ltd 
Taxis Australia Pty Ltd 
Taxis Combined Services (Victoria) Pty Ltd 
Taxis Combined Services Pty Ltd 
Taxitech Pty Ltd 
Thirteen Hundred Pty Ltd 
Tiger Taxis NSW Pty Ltd 
Tiger Taxis Operations Pty Ltd 
Tiger Taxis Pty Ltd 
Tiger Taxis Queensland Pty Ltd 
Tweed Heads Coolangatta Taxi Service Pty Ltd 
Yellow Cabs (Queensland) Holdings Pty Ltd 
Yellow Cabs Australia Pty Ltd 

76 

A2B Annual Report 2023

Group 
interest % 
2023 
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
                 56  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
                 68  
                 62  
               100  
               100  
                 68  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
                 56  
               100  
               100  

Group 
interest % 
2022 
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
                 56  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
                 68  
                 62  
               100  
               100  
                 68  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
                 56  
               100  
               100  

76 

 
 
  
  
Yellow Cabs of Sydney Pty Ltd 
Yellow Cabs South Australia Pty Ltd 
Yellow Cabs Victoria Pty Ltd 
Cabcharge NZ Limited (incorporated in NZ)* 
Cabcharge North America Limited (incorporated in USA) 
Manchester Taxi Division Limited (incorporated in UK) 
Mobile Technologies International Limited (incorporated in UK) 
Mobile Technologies International LLC (incorporated in USA) 

Unless otherwise indicated, all Group companies are incorporated in Australia. 

               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
                 93  
               100  
               100  
               100  

               100  
               100  
               100  
               100  
                 93  
               100  
               100  
               100  

* Cabcharge NZ Limited was deregistered and removed from the NZ Companies Register on 3 August 2023.  

The Group has lodged Form 6010 with ASIC for the deregistration of an additional 14 Australian entities in FY23.  Confirmatio n 
from ASIC of deregistration is outstanding at the date of this report. 

28.  Capital expenditure commitments 

The Group has not entered into any contracts to purchase plant and equipment for which amounts 
have not been provided as at 30 June 2023 (FY22 $Nil). 

29.  Contingencies 

The Group had no material contingent liabilities at 30 June 2023 (FY22 $Nil) 

30.  Right-of-use assets and Lease liabilities 

The Group leases various offices and Taxitech workshops. The leases run typically for a fixed period of 
1 to 10 years, with an option to renew the lease after that date.  

Lease terms are negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide range of different terms and 
conditions. Information about leases for which the Group is a lessee is presented below. 

Right-of-use assets 

The right-of-use assets are initially measured at cost, which comprises: 

- 
- 

- 

The amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability 
Any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives 
and any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee 
An estimate of the costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the 
underlying asset. 

Subsequently,  the  right-of-use  asset  is  measured  at  cost  less  any  accumulated  depreciation  and 
impairment losses and adjusted for certain measurements of the lease liability. 

The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter period of the lease term and the economic useful 
life  of  the underlying asset.  If  a lease  transfers  ownership of  the underlying  asset or  the  costs  of  the 
right-of-use asset reflects that the Group will exercise a purchase option, the asset will be depreciated 
from the commencement date to the end of the useful life of the underlying asset. The depreciation 
starts at the commencement date of the lease. 

Where the initially anticipated lease term is subsequently reassessed, any changes are reflected in a 
remeasurement of the lease liability and a corresponding adjustment to the asset. 

If the recoverable amount of a right-of-use asset is less than its carrying value, an impairment charge 
is recognised in the profit or loss and the carrying value of the asset is written-down to its recoverable 
amount.  Should  the  recoverable  amount  increase  in  future  periods  the  carrying  value  may  be 
adjusted  to  the  lower of  the recoverable value or  the amortised  cost of  the asset  had it  not been 
impaired. 

77 

77

 
 
2023 year: 
Balance at 1 July 
Depreciation 
Additions 
Derecognition * 
Balance at 30 June 

2022 year: 
Balance at 1 July 
Depreciation 
Additions 
Derecognition * 
Balance at 30 June 

Land and 
buildings 
$'000 

Equipment 
$'000 

Total 
$'000 

           6,517  
         (1,430) 
               351  
         (1,315) 
           4,123  

                    -               6,517  
                    -             (1,430) 
                    -                  351  
                    -             (1,315) 
                    -               4,123  

         12,716  
         (1,994) 
               459  
         (4,664) 
           6,517  

                    -             12,716  
                    -             (1,994) 
                    -                  459  
                    -             (4,664) 
                    -               6,517  

* Derecognition of the right-of-use assets during 2022 and 2023 is a result of lease re-assessment 

Lease liabilities 

Contractual undiscounted cash flows 
One year or less 
From one to five years 
Over five years 
Total undiscounted lease liabilities 

Current 
Non-current 
Total lease liabilities 

2023 
$'000 
           1,478  
           3,766  
                 97  
           5,341  

2022 
$'000 
           2,006  
           5,377  
               789  
           8,172  

           1,195  
           3,453  
           4,648  

           1,556  
           5,530  
           7,086  

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of future lease payments that are not paid 
at  the  commencement  date,  discounted  using  the  interest  rate  implicit  in  the  lease  or  if  this  rate 
cannot be readily determined the Group’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Group uses its 
incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate. 

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise: 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivables 

Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate 

The exercise price of a purchase option if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise that option 

The amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee 

Payments of penalties for termination of the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising 
an option to terminate the lease. 

Variable lease payments not included in the initial measurement of the lease liability are recognised 
directly in profit or loss. 

The lease liability is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on 
the lease liability (using the effective interest method) and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect 
the lease payments made. 

The Group remeasures the lease liability (and makes a corresponding adjustment to the related right-
of-use assets) whenever: 

78 

78 

A2B Annual Report 2023

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
- 

- 

- 

The lease term has changed or there is a significant event or change in circumstances resulting 
in  a  change  in  the  assessment  of  the  exercise  of  a  purchase  option,  in  which  case  the  lease 
liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease payments using a revised discount rate 

The  lease  payments  change  due  to  changes  in  an  index  or  rate  or  a  change  in  the  amount 
expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee 

A lease contract is modified, and the lease modification is not accounted for as a separate lease, 
in which case the lease liability is remeasured based on the lease term of the modified lease by 
discounting the revised lease payments using a revised discount rate at the effective date of the 
modification. 

Amounts recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Interest on lease liabilities 
Depreciation 
Expenses relating to variable lease payments not included in lease liabilities 

Amounts recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 

Total cash outflow for leases 

2023 
$'000 
               314  
           1,430  
               267  

2022 
$'000 
               359  
           1,993  
               410  

2023 
$'000 
           1,803  

2022 
$'000 
           2,380  

31. Notes to the consolidated statement of cash flows 

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  comprise  cash  balances  and  call  deposits.  Bank  overdrafts  that  are 
repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group’s cash management are included as 
a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the Consolidated Statement of Cash 
Flows. 

The carrying value of cash is considered to approximate fair value. 

79 

79

 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
Reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities with profit from ordinary activities after 
income tax 

Profit / (loss) for the year 
Adjustment for non-cash items: 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Property, plant and equipment impairment charges 
Capitalised development costs impairment charges 
Net gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Share-based payments 
Impairment reversal 
Other non cash items 
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of the effects of purchase of subsidiaries: 
Change in trade and other debtors 
Change in inventories 
Change in creditors and accruals 
Change in provisions 
Change in income taxes payable 
Change in deferred tax balances 
Net cash from (used in) operating activities 

Reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities 

2023 
$'000 
         27,063  

2022 
$'000 
       (27,818) 

         10,999  
                  -    
                  -    
       (21,357) 
           1,126  
         (1,622) 
             (595) 

         16,177  
           4,230  
           6,019  
               (97) 
           1,133  
                  -    

             (118) 

         14,119  
               510  
       (19,741) 
             (682) 
           2,786  
             (2,233) 
         10,373  

       (14,789) 
             (396) 
         16,226  
             (436) 
           5,914  
       (12,289) 
         (6,244) 

2023 year: 
Balance at 1 July 
Net cash flows 
Lease net additions, derecognition and remeasure 
Balance at 30 June 

2022 year: 
Balance at 1 July 
Net cash flows 
Lease net additions, derecognition and remeasure 
Balance at 30 June 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash on hand and at bank 
Balance as per Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 

Interest 
bearing 
loans 
$'000 

Lease 
liabilities 
$'000 

Total 
liabilities 
from 
financing 
activities 
$'000 

         18,923  
         (3,321) 
                  -    
         15,602  

           7,086  
         (1,489) 
         (949) 
           4,648  

         26,009  
         (4,810) 
         (949) 
         20,250  

         13,316  
           1,864  
         17,059  
         (2,021) 
                  -              (4,209) 
           7,086  
         18,923  

         15,180  
         15,038  
         (4,209) 
         26,009  

2023 
$'000 
         29,541  
         29,541  

2022 
$'000 
         12,295  
         12,295  

80 

A2B Annual Report 2023

80 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash 

There was no restricted cash at 30 June 2023 (2022 $Nil) which relates to current bank facilities. At 30 
June 2023, $9.4 million is being held in escrow being the deposit for the sale of the O’Riordan Steet 
property. 

32.  Financial instruments and financial risk management 

Overview 

The Board of Directors’ policy is to maintain a strong capital base so as to maintain investor, creditor 
and market confidence and to sustain  the future development of the business. The Board monitors 
the return on equity, which the Group defines as profit after tax divided by total shareholders’ equity. 
The Board also determines the level of dividends to ordinary shareholders. 

The Board seeks to maintain a balance between the higher returns that might be possible with higher 
levels  of  borrowings  and  the  advantages  and  security  afforded  by  a  sound  capital  position.  The 
Group’s target is to achieve a return exceeding its cost of equity over the medium term.  

There were no changes in the Group’s approach to  medium term capital management during the 
year. 

Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries are subject to externally imposed capital requirements. 

The Group has exposure to the following risks from financial instruments: 

▪  Credit risk 

▪ 

Liquidity risk 

▪  Market risk 

This note presents information about the Group’s exposure to each of the above risks, its objectives, 
policies  and  processes  for  measuring  and  managing  risk,  and  the  management  of  capital.  Further 
quantitative disclosures are included throughout these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Financial risk management objectives 

The  Board  of  Directors  has  overall  responsibility  for  the  establishment  and  oversight  of  the  risk 
management framework. The Board has established the Audit & Risk Committee, which is responsible 
for  developing  and  monitoring  risk  management  activities.  The  Committee  reports  regularly  to  the 
Board of Directors on risk management. 

Risk management practices are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Group, to 
set appropriate policies which include risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to 
policies. Risk management practices are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions 
and  the  Group’s  activities.  The  Group,  through  their  training  and  management  standards  and 
procedures,  aims  to  develop  a  disciplined  and  constructive  control  environment  in  which  all 
employees understand their roles and obligations. 

The Audit & Risk Committee oversees how management monitors compliance with the Group’s risk 
management policies and procedures and reviews the adequacy of the risk management framework 
in relation to the risks faced by the Group. 

Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument 
fails  to  meet  its  contractual  obligations  and  arises  principally  from  the  Group’s  receivables  from 
customers, investments with financial institutions and securities. The carrying value of cash and cash 

81 

81

 
 
equivalents,  trade  and  other  receivables  and  deposits  with  financial  institutions  represents  the 
maximum credit exposure of these assets. 

Impairment  losses  and  changes  in  financial  assets  recognised  in  the  consolidated  statement  of 
comprehensive income were as follows: 

Impairment loss on trade receivables arising from contracts with customers 

2023 
$'000 
             (235) 
            (235) 

2022 
$'000 
         (1,973) 
         (1,973) 

a)  Trade and other receivables 

The  Group’s  exposure  to  credit  risk  is  influenced  mainly  by  the  individual  characteristics  of  each 
customer. The Group minimises concentration of credit risk in relation to trade accounts receivable by 
undertaking transactions with a large number of customers.  

Credit risk in trade and other receivables is managed in the following ways: 

▪ 

The  Board  has  established  delegated  limits  and  authority  for  agreements,  contracts  and 
receivable write-off 

▪  Each new customer is analysed individually for creditworthiness under a credit policy before the 

Group’s standard payment and delivery terms and conditions are offered 

▪  Payment terms are 28 days 

▪  A risk assessment process is used for customers over 90 days; and 

▪  Cash or bank guarantee is obtained where appropriate. 

The  Group  assumes  the  credit  risk  for  the  full  value  of  Taxi  fares  settled  through  the  Cabcharge 
Payment System (refer to Note 3). 

The Group has established an allowance for impairment that represents its estimate of expected losses 
in respect of trade and other receivables and similar investments. The allowance for trade and other 
receivables  is  the  estimated  irrecoverable  amounts  from  billings.  The  main  component  of  this 
allowance is a collective loss component established for groups of similar assets in respect of losses 
that have been incurred but not yet identified. The collective loss allowance is determined based on 
historical data of payment statistics for similar financial assets 

b)  Investments 

The Group limits its exposure to credit risk by placing deposits with major Australian banks. 

Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. 
The  Group’s approach  to  managing liquidity is  to  ensure,  as  far as possible,  that it  will always  have 
sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without 
incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Group’s reputation. 

The Group undertakes the following activities to ensure that there will be sufficient funds available to 
meet obligations: 

▪  Prepare budgeted annual and monthly cash flows; 

▪  Monitor actual cash flows on a daily basis and compare it to liquidity requirements; 

▪  Maintain standby money market and commercial overdraft facilities; and 

▪  Maintain committed borrowing facility in excess of budgeted usage levels. 

82 

82 

A2B Annual Report 2023

 
 
  
  
  
 
There has been no change in liquidity risk policies during the financial year. 

Maturity profile of financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities 

2023 year: 
Contract liabilities, trade and other payables 
Loans and borrowings 

2022 year: 
Contract liabilities, trade and other payables   
Loans and borrowings 

Carrying 
amount 
$'000 

Contractual 
cashflows 
$'000 

6 months 
or less 
$'000 

6 to 12 
months 
$'000 

1 to 2 
years 
$'000 

2 to 5 
years 
$'000 

38,193 
15,602 
53,795 

55,880 
18,923 
74,803 

38,193 
17,159 
55,352 

38,193 
991 
39,184 

- 
389 
389 

- 
15,779 
15,779 

55,880 
20,056 
75,936 

55,880 
1,932 
57,812 

- 
283 
283 

- 
17,841 
17,841 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

Typically  the  Group  ensures  that  it  has  sufficient  cash  on  demand  and  available  liquidity  to  meet 
expected current operational expenses, including the servicing of financial obligations. This excludes 
the potential impact of extreme circumstances that cannot reasonably be predicted, such as natural 
disasters. In addition, the Group maintains lines of credit as detailed in Note 17. 

Market risk 

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and 
equity prices, will affect the Group’s income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The 
objective  of  market  risk  management  is  to  manage  and  control  market  risk  exposures  within 
acceptable parameters, while optimising the return. 

a)  Currency risk 

The Group has no significant exposure to foreign exchange risk in respect of the Company and the 
entities it controls.  

b)  Interest rate risk 

The principal  risk  to  which  financial assets  and  financial  liabilities  are  exposed is  the risk of loss  from 
fluctuations  in  the  future  cash  flows  or  fair  values  of  financial  instruments  because  of  a  change  in 
market interest rates.  

83 

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At the reporting date, the interest rate profile of the Group’s interest-bearing financial instruments was: 

Fixed rate instruments 
Financial assets - finance lease receivables 
Financial liabilities - lease liabilities 

Variable rate instruments 
Financial assets - cash and cash equivalents 
Financial liabilities - loans and borrowings 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

           9,505  
         (4,648) 
           4,857  

           8,659  
         (7,086) 
           1,573  

         29,541  
       (15,602) 
         13,939  

         12,295  
       (18,923) 
         (6,628) 

As  at  30  June  2023,  the  carrying  value  of  financial  assets  and  liabilities  in  the  above  table  are 
considered to approximate their fair value. 

c)  Interest rates used for determining fair value 

The  interest  rates  used  to  discount  estimated  cash  flows,  where  applicable,  are  based  on  the 
government yield curve at the reporting date plus an adequate credit spread and were as follows: 

Loans and borrowings 
Finance lease receivables 

d)  Fair value hierarchy 

2023 
 2.95% to 5.19%  
 8% to 12%  

2022 
 1.5% to 3.28%  
 8% to 11%  

To  determine  fair  value,  the  Group  uses  valuation  techniques  that  are  appropriate  in  the 
circumstances and for which sufficient data is available, maximising the use of relevant observable 
inputs  and  minimising  unobservable  inputs.  Fair  value  measurements  that  are  recognised  in  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements are categorised as follows:  

•  Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities 
•  Level  2:  Valuation  techniques  for  which  the  lowest  level  input  that  is  significant  to  the  fair  value 

measurement is directly or indirectly observable 

•  Level  3:  Valuation  techniques  for  which  the  lowest  level  input  that  is  significant  to  the  fair  value 

measurement is unobservable. 

The fair value hierarchy of the investments is provided below: 

30 June 2023 
Unlisted equity instruments 

30 June 2022 
Unlisted equity instruments 

Level 1 
$'000 

Level 2 
$'000 

Level 3 
$'000 

Total 
$'000 

                       -                       -                      963  

              963  

                       -                       -                      977  

              977  

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The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value of these 
unlisted equity investments at 30 June 2023 is as follows: 

Valuation techniques 

Significant unobservable inputs 

Future Maintainable Earnings (FME) methodology – 
the estimate of FME represents the fair value of the 
unlisted equity investments on a going concern and 
cash flow basis, determined by capitalising the 
maintainable earnings of the investee using an 
appropriate earnings multiple.  

Expected earnings at 30 June 2023, with an adjusted 
earnings multiple of 1x, derived from comparable 
companies to the investee. 

The estimate of the fair value will increase (decrease) 
if the earnings and earnings multiple increases 
(decreases).  

Net Tangible Assets approach – the estimate of fair 
value is determined by valuing the assets and liabilities 
of the investee at market value (excluding operating 
assets and liabilities). 

Minority discount of 20%. The estimate of the fair 
value will increase (decrease) if the discount rate 
decreases (increases). 

The carrying amount of the unlisted equity investments is sensitive to possible changes in the significant 
unobservable inputs. 

e)  Sensitivity analysis 

i. 

Fair value sensitivity analysis for fixed rate instruments 

The Group does not account for any fixed rate financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit 
or loss. Therefore a change in interest rates at the reporting date would not affect profit or loss. 

ii. 

Sensitivity analysis for variable rate instruments 

A change of 100 basis points in interest rates at the reporting date would have increased (decreased) 
equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in 
particular  foreign  currency  rates,  remain  constant.  The  analysis  is  performed  on  the  same  basis  for 
2022. 

2023 
2022 

33.  Operating segment 

Profit or loss 

100 bp 
increase 

100 bp 
decrease 

$'000 
             (156) 
             (189) 

$'000 
               156  
               189  

An operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it 
may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions 
with any of  the Group’s other  components.   All operating  segments’ operating  results  are regularly 
reviewed by the Group’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) to make decisions about resources 
to  be  allocated  to  the  segment  and  assess  its  performance  and  for  which  discrete  financial 
information is available. 

Identification of reportable segments 

The Group’s operating segments are organised and managed separately according to the nature of 
the products and services provided.  

85 

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The  Group  previously  operated  under  three  operating  segments  comprising  of  Mobility  Services, 
Mobility Platforms and Payments. In financial year 2023, the Group was simplified into two operating 
segments  comprising  B2C  (Business  to  Consumer)  and  B2B  (Business  to  Business).  Each  segment 
represents  a  strategic business  unit  that offers different  products  and operates  in  different  markets. 
Comparative numbers have been restated to reflect this change.  

Underlying  EBITDA  is  the  primary  reporting  measure  used  by  A2B’s  CODM.  The  CODM  monitors  the 
operating results of the business units separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource 
allocation and performance assessment.  

Transfer  prices  between  business  segments  are  set  on  an  arm’s  length  basis  in  a  manner  similar  to 
transactions with third parties. Segment revenue and expenses are eliminated on consolidation. 

Segment description 

Reportable segments under AASB 8 Operating Segments are as follows: 

 Reportable segment  

Principal activities 

 B2C  

 B2B  

Provides taxi network services to taxi operators, drivers, taxi license owners and 
passengers nationally in Australia. These services include taxi booking services, 
vehicle financing and insurance, full taxi fit-outs and repairs, driver training and 
education as well as instant local deliveries. 

B2C operates through a variety of brands including 13cabs, Silver Service and 
Maxi Taxi. The majority of revenue comes from network subscriptions that are 
charged  monthly  while  revenue  from  related  and  ancillary  services  are 
generated  as  and  when  the  services  are  provided  (e.g.  car  sales  income, 
interest  on  finance  lease  receivables  and  others,  insurance  commission 
revenue  or  taxi  equipment  and  terminal  rental  income  not  included  in 
subscriptions). 

Provides  services  to  taxi  networks,  independent  operators,  corporate  clients 
and  governments  both  nationally  and  internationally.  These  services  include 
integrated  booking,  payment  and  dispatch  technologies,  corporate  travel 
solutions,  consulting,  licensing  and  other  services.  B2B  operates  through  a 
including  Cabcharge,  Spotto,  Giraffe  and  Mobile 
variety  of  brands 
Technologies International (MTI). 

Cabcharge  provides  corporate  clients  with  a  range  of  payment  solutions  to  
charge  trips  on  a  designated  account  accompanied  by  detailed  trip  
information to enable efficient management of travel expenditure. 

Cabcharge  operates  throughout  Australia  and  receives  service  fee  income  
on non-cash payments based on the value of the fare processed. 

Spotto  and  Giraffe  represent  our  handheld  offering  for  taxi  and  hire  car  
drivers.  The  current  pricing  model  attracts  a  service  fee  based  on  the  value  
of transactions processed and/or a terminal rental fee. 

MTI provides a SaaS booking, dispatch, payment, contact centre and vehicle  
monitoring  platform.  MTI  earns  SaaS  style  subscription  revenue  from  vehicles  
accessing  its  technologies,  income  from  bespoke  software  development,  
and  fees  from  project  management,  which  are  recorded  under  software  
consulting  and  licence  income.  MTI  operates  throughout  Australia,  New  
Zealand, North America, Europe and the United Kingdom. 

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Analysis by segment 

June 2023: 
External segment revenue and other income 
Intersegment revenue and other income 
Total segment revenue and other income 
Underlying EBITDA 

June 20222: 
External segment revenue and other income 
Intersegment revenue and other income 
Total segment revenue and other income 
Underlying EBITDA 

B2C 
$'000 

B2B 
$'000 

Unallocated/ 
Eliminations1 
$'000 

Consolidated 
$'000 

88,024 
2,552 
90,576 
10,989 

59,306 
1,756 
61,062 
9,094 

86,487 
69 
86,556 
(10,013) 

40,711 
3,251 
43,962 
(1,996) 

23,115 
(4,308) 
18,807 
- 

1,577 
(3,320) 
(1,743) 
2,566 

170,445 
- 
170,445 
20,083 

128,775 
- 
128,775 
(9,443) 

1. Unallocated/Eliminations represents unallocated corporate costs, Government subsidies (including JobKeeper), gain on 
property transactions and consolidation elimination entries. 

2. June 2022 values have been adjusted to reflect the changes made to segments and in the calculation of underlying 
EBITDA in June 2023. 

Reconciliation of underlying EBITDA to statutory results from operating activities 

Underlying EBITDA 
Items not included in Underlying Profit Before Tax: 
     Net gain on property transactions 
     NSW taxi plate licence compensation, impairment reversal 
     Impairments and asset write-offs 
     Termination and restructuring 
     AASB16 depreciation, other items 
Total items not included in underlying EBITDA 
Depreciation and amortisation expenses 
Results from operating activities 

2023 
$'000 
              20,083  

20221 
$'000 
              (9,443) 

                       -    
                       -    

              21,274  
                1,622  
                       -                   (9,750) 
              (5,580) 
              (2,007) 
                2,450  
                1,789  
            (12,880) 
              22,678  
            (16,177) 
            (10,999) 
           (38,500) 
              31,762  

1. 2022 values have been adjusted to reflect the changes made in the calculation of underlying EBITDA in 2023. 

Segment assets and liabilities have not been disclosed as these 

 are not reported to the CODM and are not used by the CODM to assess performance and to make 
resource allocation decisions. 

Geographical information 

The Group operates predominantly in one geographic segment with >95% of revenue generated in 
Australia during the financial year.  

Through its MTI and ManTax subsidiaries. the Group operates in other geographic segments including 
North America, Europe and the United Kingdom. These foreign subsidiaries contributed $7.2 million in 
revenue  (FY22  $5.9  million)  and  non-current  assets  of  $0.6  million  (FY22  $0.6  million)  to  the  Group’s 
Consolidated Statements. 

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34.  Share-based payment – Long term incentive 

The  Group  has  provided  Long  Term  Incentive  (LTI)  awards  to  the  KMP  and  other  executives  and 
granted them annually in the form of Rights. The grant date fair value of equity-settled share-based 
payment awards granted to employees is generally recognised as an expense, with a corresponding 
increase in equity, over the vesting period of the awards. The amount recognised as an expense is 
adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market performance 
conditions  are  expected  to  be  met,  such  that  the  amount  ultimately  recognised  is  based  on  the 
number  of  awards  that  meet  the  related  service  and  non-market  performance  conditions  at  the 
vesting date. 

The total share-based payment expense for the year was $1,125,901 (FY22 $1,132,899). 

Fair value 

The fair value of the awards as at the valuation date is set out in the following table: 

Grant date/employees entitled 
2023 year 

Performance Rights granted to Key 
Management Personnel and senior 
management on 1 September 2022 

Total number of Rights 

2022 year 

Incentive shares granted to 
Executive Chairman on 28 April 
2022 

Performance Rights granted to 
Executive Chairman on 28 April 
2022 

Total number of Rights and 
Incentive Shares 

2021 year 

Rights granted to CEO and key 
management personnel on 19 
November 2020 

666,667  

Total number of Rights 

444,444  

1,111,111 

Number 
of Rights 

Vesting 
conditions 

Valuation 
methodology 

Fair 
Value 

Expected 
vesting 
date 

Performance 
Period 

 Share price  

 Share price  

 Share price  

Trinomial 
Lattice 
methodology  

$0.76 

$0.60 

$0.46 

200,000  

200,000  

200,000  
600,000 

 30 June 
2026  

 1 July 2022 to 
30 June 2026  

400,000 

Service 

200,000  

200,000  

500,000  

500,000  

500,000  

2,300,000 

 Monte Carlo 
simulation  

$1.29 

 30 
September 
2022  
 31 March 
2023  

 1 July 2023  

 N/A  

 Monte Carlo 
simulation  

$1.02 

$0.87 

$0.74 

 30 June 
2026  

 28 April 2022 
to 30 June 
2026  

Monte Carlo 
simulation 

$0.68 

 15 
September 
2023  

 1 July 2020 to 
30 June 2023  

Monte Carlo 
simulation 

$0.69 

 Service  

 Service  

 Share price  

 Share price  

 Share price  

 Absolute 
Total 
Shareholder 
Return 
(market 
condition)*  

 Relative 
Total 
Shareholder 
Return (non-
market 
condition)*  

* Details of the operation of LTI awards are outlined in the Remuneration Report from page 22 to 36. 

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Key assumptions 

The key assumptions adopted for the valuation of the awards are summarised in the following table: 

Share price at grant date 

Expected life 

Expected volatility 

Dividend yield 

Risk-free interest rate 

Reconciliation 

The reconciliation of outstanding rights is shown in the following table: 

Performance Rights reconciliation 

Rights outstanding as at 1 July 

Rights granted 

Rights forfeited 

Rights lapsed 

Rights exercised 

Rights outstanding as at 30 June 

Rights exercisable as at 30 June 

35.  Subsequent events 

Dividends 

2023 

2022 

1 September 2022 

28 April 2022 

                $1.17    

                  3.8 years  

                  45%-55%    

                 0.00%    

                  3.26%    

$1.29 

3 years 

37% 

0.00% 

2.68% 

Number of Rights 

2023 

2022 

      4,412,850  

      3,178,743  

         600,000  

      2,300,000  

                  -    

                  -    

       (2,542,479) 

    (1,065,893) 

                  -    

                  -    

      2,470,371  

      4,412,850  

                  -    

                  -    

In August 2023 the Board declared to pay a final fully franked dividend of $0.05 per share for FY23 with 
a record date of 29 September 2023 and a payment date of 26 October 2023. 

Property sale 

Following  completion  of  the A2B property  portfolio  review,  the Board  resolved in  July  2023  to  sell its 
remaining  property  located  in  Melbourne  at  Downing  Street,  Oakleigh.  Marketing  activities 
commenced in July 2023. 

89 

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Directors’ Declaration 

1) 

In the opinion of the directors of A2B Australia Limited (the ‘Company’):  

a)  the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes that are set out on pages 38 to 89 and the 
Remuneration Report in the Directors’ Report, set out on pages 22 to 36, are in accordance 
with the Corporations Act 2001, including: 

i)  giving a true and fair view of the consolidated entity's financial position at 30 June 2023 

and of the performance for the financial year ended on that date; and 

ii)  complying with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Regulations 2001. 

b)  there  are reasonable  grounds  to  believe  that  the  Company  will  be able  to pay  its  debts as 

and when they become due and payable. 

2)  There are reasonable grounds to believe that the Company and the controlled entities identified 
in Note 24 as parties to a Deed of Cross Guarantee will be able to meet any obligations or liabilities 
to which they are or may become subject to, by virtue of the Deed of Cross Guarantee between 
the  Company  and  those  entities  pursuant  to  ASIC  Corporations  (Wholly  owned  Companies) 
Instrument 2016/785. 

3)  The directors have been given the declarations required by Section 295A of the Corporations Act 
2001 from the Executive Chairman and Chief Financial Officer for the financial year ended 30 June 
2023. 

4)  The directors draw attention to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, which includes a 

statement of compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards. 

Signed in accordance with a resolution of the Directors 

Mark Bayliss 
Executive Chairman 
22 August 2023 

Brent Cubis 
Director 
22 August 2023 

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Independent Auditor’s Report 

To the shareholders of A2B Australia Limited 

Report on the audit of the Financial Report 

Opinion 

We have audited the Financial Report of A2B 
Australia Limited (the Company). 

In our opinion, the accompanying Financial Report 
of the Company is in accordance with the 
Corporations Act 2001, including:  

• 

• 

giving a true and fair view of the Group’s 
financial position as at 30 June 2023 and of its 
financial performance for the year ended on 
that date; and 

complying with Australian Accounting 
Standards and the Corporations Regulations 
2001. 

The Financial Report comprises:  

•  Consolidated statement of financial position as at 30 

June 2023 

•  Consolidated statement of comprehensive income, 
Consolidated statement of changes in equity, and 
Consolidated statement of cash flows for the year 
then ended 

•  Notes including a summary of significant accounting 

policies 

•  Directors’ Declaration. 

The Group consists of the Company and the entities it 
controlled at the year-end or from time to time during 
the financial year 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. We believe that the audit evidence 
we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit 
of the Financial Report section of our report.  

We are independent of the Group in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001 and the ethical requirements 
of the Accounting Professional and Ethical Standards Board’s APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional 
Accountants (the Code) that are relevant to our audit of the Financial Report in Australia. We have fulfilled our 
other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the Code. 

KPMG, an Australian partnership and a member firm of the KPMG global organisation of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG 
International Limited, a private English company limited by guarantee. All rights reserved. The KPMG name and logo are trademarks 
used under license by the independent member firms of the KPMG global organisation. Liability limited by a scheme approved under 
Professional Standards Legislation 

91 

91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key Audit Matters 

Key Audit Matters 

Key Audit Matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit 
of the Financial Report of the current period.  

This matter was addressed in the context of our audit of the Financial Report as a whole, and in forming our 
opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on this matter 

Valuation of Goodwill at 30 June 2023 ($ 27.5 million)  

Refer to Note 12: Goodwill in the Financial Report 

The key audit matter 

How the matter was addressed in our audit 

The valuation of Goodwill is considered a key audit 
matter due to the size of the balance and the 
significant audit effort arising from: 

Our audit procedures included: 

•  The industry in which the Group operates being 
impacted by disruptive technologies. Further, 
there are changes in government regulations 
impacting the taxi service fee which can be 
applied when processing payments; and 

•  Estimation uncertainty on the ongoing recovery 

of the CGUs in the Group from changing 
customer behaviours following the COVID-19 
global pandemic. 

We focussed on the significant forward looking 
assumptions the Group applied in their value in use 
models, including: 

•  Discount rates are complicated in nature and vary 
according to the conditions and environment the 
specific cash generating unit (CGU) is subject to; 

•  Forecast growth rates and terminal growth rates. 

In addition to the uncertainties described above, the 
Group’s models are highly sensitive to small changes 
in these assumptions, reducing available headroom. 
This drives additional audit effort specific to their 
feasibility and consistency of application to the 
Group’s strategy. 

•  We considered the appropriateness of the value in 
use method applied by the Group to perform the 
annual test of goodwill for impairment against the 
requirements of the accounting standards. 

•  We checked the forecast cash flows in the Group’s 
value in use model to the Board approved FY24 
budget. 

•  We assessed the accuracy of previous forecasting for 
the Group as an indicator to inform our evaluation of 
forecasts included in the value in use models.  

•  We challenged the Group’s forecast cash flow and 

growth rate assumptions in light of the industry and 
regulatory changes on the Group. We compared 
forecast cash flow and growth rate assumptions for 
the taxi industry against available industry data. We 
considered the impact of the industry and regulatory 
changes on the Group’s key assumptions, for 
indicators of bias and inconsistent application using 
our knowledge of the Group, business and 
customers, and our industry experience. We checked 
the consistency of the growth rates to the Group’s 
revised plans and our experience regarding the 
feasibility of these in the industry economic 
environment in which they operate. 

•  We performed sensitivity analysis on the models by 
varying key assumptions such as forecast cash flows 
and terminal growth rate, within a reasonably 
possible range. We did this to identify those 
assumptions which are at higher risk of bias or 
inconsistency in application. 

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92 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
These conditions increase the possibility of goodwill 
being impaired, which necessitates additional 
scrutiny by us, in particular to address the 
objectivity of sources used for assumptions, and 
their consistent application. 

•  Working with our valuation specialists, we 

independently developed a discount rate range using 
publicly available data for comparable entities, 
adjusted by risk factors specific to the Group and the 
industry it operates in. 

We involved valuation specialists to supplement our 
senior audit team members in assessing this key 
audit matter. 

•  We analysed the Group’s internal reporting to assess 

the Group’s monitoring and management of 
activities, and the consistency of the allocation of 
goodwill to CGUs. 

•  We assessed the Group’s allocation methodology of 

corporate costs and assets to CGUs to our 
understanding of the business and the criteria in the 
accounting standards. 

•  We assessed the Group’s disclosures of the 

qualitative and quantitative considerations in 
relation to the valuation of goodwill, by comparing 
these disclosures to our understanding obtained 
from our testing and accounting standard 
requirements. 

Other Information 

Other Information is financial and non-financial information in A2B Australia Limited’s annual reporting which 
is provided in addition to the Financial Report and the Auditor's Report. The Directors are responsible for the 
Other Information.  

Our opinion on the Financial Report does not cover the Other Information and, accordingly, we do not express 
an audit opinion or any form of assurance conclusion thereon, with the exception of the Remuneration Report 
and our related assurance opinion.  

In connection with our audit of the Financial Report, our responsibility is to read the Other Information. In 
doing so, we consider whether the Other Information is materially inconsistent with the Financial Report or our 
knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. 

We are required to report if we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this Other Information, and 
based on the work we have performed on the Other Information that we obtained prior to the date of this 
Auditor’s Report we have nothing to report. 

Responsibilities of the Directors for the Financial Report 

The Directors are responsible for: 

•  preparing the Financial Report that gives a true and fair view in accordance with Australian Accounting 

Standards and the Corporations Act 2001 

• 

implementing necessary internal control to enable the preparation of a Financial Report that gives a 
true and fair view and is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error 

•  assessing the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. This includes disclosing, as applicable, 

matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless they either 
intend to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

93 

93

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the Financial Report 

Our objective is: 

• 

• 

to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Financial Report as a whole is free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; and 

to issue an Auditor's Report that includes our opinion. 

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with Australian Auditing Standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists.  

Misstatements can arise from fraud or error. They are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, 
they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the 
Financial Report. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the Financial Report is located at the Auditing and 
Assurance Standards Board website at: https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/ar1_2020.pdf 
This description forms part of our Auditor’s Report. 

94 

A2B Annual Report 2023

94 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report on the Remuneration Report 

Opinion 

Directors’ responsibilities 

In our opinion, the Remuneration Report of 
A2B Australia Limited for the year ended 30 
June 2023, complies with Section 300A of the 
Corporations Act 2001. 

The Directors of the Company are responsible for the 
preparation and presentation of the Remuneration Report in 
accordance with Section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001. 

Our responsibilities 

We have audited the Remuneration Report included in pages 
24 to 36 of the Directors’ report for the year ended 30 June 
2023.  

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the 
Remuneration Report, based on our audit conducted in 
accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. 

KPMG 

Cameron Slapp 
Partner 
Sydney 
22 August 2023 

95 

95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shareholder Information 

The information below was prepared as at 8 August 2023. 

20 largest shareholders 

Holder 

1  CITICORP NOMINEES PTY LIMITED  

2 

PALM BEACH NOMINEES PTY LIMITED 

3  HSBC CUSTODY NOMINEES (AUSTRALIA) LIMITED 

4  COMFORTDELGRO CORPORATION LIMITED 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

J P MORGAN NOMINEES AUSTRALIA PTY LIMITED 

PRUDENTIAL NOMINEES PTY LTD 

BNP PARIBAS NOMS PTY LTD 

BOND STREET CUSTODIANS LIMITED 

SWAN TAXIS PTY LTD 

10  NATIONAL EXCHANGE PTY LTD 

10  PORTMAN TRADING PTY LTD 

11  UBS NOMINEES PTY LTD 

12  J S R T PTY LTD 

13 

T MITCHELL PTY LTD 

14  HSBC CUSTODY NOMINEES (AUSTRALIA) LIMITED-GSI EDA 

15  MARK BAYLISS 

16  AKAT INVESTMENTS PTY LIMITED 

17  NEWECONOMY COM AU NOMINEES PTY LIMITED 

18  MS FABY CHONG 

19  MR RONALD ALFRED BRIERLEY 

19  BARADNIL PTY LIMITED 

20  BNP PARIBAS NOMINEES PTY LTD 

Total 

Substantial shareholders 

Holder 

Spheria Asset Management 

Sandon Capital 

Investors Mutual 

ComfortDelGro Corporation Limited 

Pinnacle Investments Management Group Limited 

Edgbaston Investment Partners 

Number of shares held  % issued capital 

29,548,443 

13,189,434 

10,716,677 

8,980,676 

6,605,830 

3,900,000 

3,648,451 

2,669,112 

2,631,004 

2,000,000 

2,000,000 

1,364,203 

1,188,000 

1,160,818 

1,136,376 

800,000 

650,000 

528,307 

525,487 

500,000 

500,000 

476,447 

24.37 

10.88 

8.84 

7.41 

5.45 

3.22 

3.01 

2.20 

2.17 

1.65 

1.65 

1.13 

0.98 

0.96 

0.94 

0.66 

0.54 

0.44 

0.43 

0.41 

0.41 

0.39 

94,719,265 

78.13 

Number of shares held  % issued capital 

20,800,367 

13,189,424 

13,082,423 

11,611,680 

7,607,688 

6,347,465 

17.16 

10.87 

10.79 

9.58 

6.28 

5.24 

Information  included  in  the  substantial  shareholders  table  is  sourced  from  substantial  shareholder 
notices  of  the  register  that  the  Company’  maintains  in  accordance  with  section  672DA  of  the 
Corporations Act 2001, in each case as at 8 August 2023. 

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Spread of shareholders 

Size of holding 

1 to 1000 

1001 to 5000 

5001 to 10000 

10001 to 100000 

100001 and Over 

Total 

Number of holders  Number of shares held  % of issued capital 

                                 1,396  

                                 1,299  

                                     380  

                                    458  

                                       60  

3,135  

731,459 

3,421,884 

2,676,902 

12,678,984 

101,721,454 

121,230,683 

0.60 

2.82 

2.21 

10.46 

83.91 

100 

The  number of  security  investors holding  less  than  a  marketable parcel of  securities is  540 and  they 
hold 66,090 securities. 

Voting rights 

The  voting  rights  of  shareholders  are  set  out  in  the  Company’s  Constitution.  Each  shareholder  is 
entitled,  either  personally,  or  by  proxy,  attorney  or  representative,  to  be  present  at  any  general 
meeting  of  the  Company  and  to  vote  on  any  resolution  on  a  show  of  hands  or  on  a  poll.  Every 
shareholder present in person, by proxy, or attorney or representative, has one vote for every share 
held. 

The Company has only one class of shares on issue (fully paid ordinary shares), each with the same 
voting rights. 

ASX listing 

The Company’s ordinary shares are quoted on the ASX under the trading code “A2B”, with Sydney 
being the Company’s home exchange. 

Details  of  trading  activity  are  published  in  most  daily  newspapers  and  are  also  available  on  a  20 
minute  delayed  basis,  on  the  Company’s website  at  www.a2baustralia.com/investor-center/share-
price/ . 

The Company is not currently conducting an on-market buy-back of its shares. 

Website 

An  electronic  version  of  the  Annual  Report 
www.a2baustralia.com/investor-center/reports/ . 

is  available  on  the  Company’s  website  at 

A printed copy of the Annual Report will only be sent to shareholders who have elected to receive 
one. 

97 

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Annual General Meeting 

The 2023 Annual General Meeting of the shareholders of A2B Australia Limited will be held at 11am on 
Thursday, 16  November 2023 in The Gold Melting Room, The Mint, 10 Macquarie Street, Sydney.  

Full details provided in the Notice of Meeting. 

Registered Office 

A2B Australia Limited 
ABN 99 001 958 390 
9-13 O’Riordan Street 
Alexandria NSW 2015 
T: +61 2 9332 9222 
www.a2baustralia.com  

Company Secretary 
Howard Edelman 

Auditor 
KPMG  
International Towers Sydney 3  
300 Barangaroo Avenue  
Sydney NSW 2000 

Share Registry 
Link Market Services Limited  
Locked Bag A14  
Sydney South NSW 1235  
T: 1300 724 911  
www.linkmarketservices.com.au  

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98 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
99

A2B Australia Limited
ABN 99 001 958 390

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A2B Annual Report 2023