Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Annual Report and Financial Statements
31 December 2023
Contents
Strategic Report
Investment Performance, Portfolio and Historical Returns
The Company and Investment Objective 1
Financial Highlights over the Year 1
Chairman’s Statement 2
Key Performance Indicators 5
Historical Information 7
Managers’ Report 8
Stewardship and Environmental, Social and Governance 14
Thirty Largest Investments 17
Investment Portfolio and Portfolio Information 18
Business Model and Company Matters
Company Status 22
Investment Policy, Strategy and Dividend Policy 22
Directors’ Duty to Promote the Success of the Company 23
Principal Risks 24
Viability Statement 26
Other Information 26
Governance Report
Board of Directors 27
Directors’ Report 28
Corporate Governance Report 32
Audit Committee Report 36
Directors’ Remuneration Policy 39
Directors’ Remuneration Report 40
Directors’ Responsibility Statement 42
Financial Report
Independent Auditor’s Report 43
Income Statement 49
Reconciliation of Movements in Shareholders’ Funds 50
Balance Sheet 51
Cash Flow Statement 52
Notes to the Financial Statements 53
Notice of the Annual General Meeting 62
Shareholder Information & Glossary 64
Corporate Information 69
THIS DOCUMENT IS IMPORTANT AND REQUIRES YOUR IMMEDIATE ATTENTION. If you are in any doubt about the action
you should take, you are recommended to seek your own independent financial advice from your stockbroker, bank
manager, solicitor, accountant or other independent financial adviser authorised under the Financial Services and Markets
Act 2000 if you are in the United Kingdom or, if not, from another appropriately authorised financial adviser. If you have
sold or otherwise transferred all your ordinary shares in Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc, please forward this
document, together with the accompanying documents, immediately to the purchaser or transferee, or to the stockbroker,
bank or agent through whom the sale or transfer was effected for transmission to the purchaser or transferee.
Investor Disclosure Document
The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive ("AIFMD") requires certain information to be made available to
investors prior to their investment in the shares of the Company. The Company’s Investor Disclosure Document, which is
available for viewing at www.aberforth.co.uk, contains details of the Company’s investment objective, policy and strategy,
together with leverage and risk policies.
Strategic Report
The Board presents the Strategic Report on pages 1 to 26 which incorporates the Chairman’s Statement and Managers’ Report.
The Company
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc (“the Company” or “ASCoT”) is an investment trust. Its ordinary shares are listed on
the premium segment of the Official List of the Financial Conduct Authority and traded on the London Stock Exchange.
The Company has appointed Aberforth Partners LLP as the investment managers ("the Managers"). The Managers adhere to a
value investment philosophy in managing the Company’s investments in small UK quoted companies as described on page 22.
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the Company is to achieve a net asset value total return (with dividends reinvested) greater
than that of the Numis Smaller Companies Index (excluding Investment Companies) (“NSCI (XIC)” or “benchmark”) over
the long term.
From 1 January 2024, the benchmark was renamed the Deutsche Numis Smaller Companies Index (excluding Investment
Companies).
Financial Highlights over the Year
31 December 31 December %
2023 2022 Change
Total Returns for the year
Net Asset Value per Ordinary Share2 8.2% -10.4% n/a
Numis Smaller Companies Index (excluding Investment Companies) 10.1% -17.9% n/a
Ordinary Share Price2 8.0% -7.3% n/a
Asset Values
Shareholders’ Funds1 £1,297m £1,251m 3.7
Net Asset Value per Ordinary Share1 1,536.73p 1,465.67p 4.8
Share Price
Market Capitalisation2 £1,163m £1,128m 3.1
Ordinary Share price2 1,378.00p 1,322.00p 4.2
Ordinary Share discount2 10.3% 9.8% n/a
Returns and Dividends for the year
Revenue Return per Ordinary Share1 59.79p 55.64p 7.5
Dividends per Ordinary Share (excluding special dividends) 1 41.50p 39.00p 6.4
Dividends per Ordinary Share (including special dividends) 1 50.50p 47.30p 6.8
Total Return per Ordinary Share1 116.84p -181.00p n/a
Actual Gearing employed2 5.1% 5.7% n/a
Ongoing Charges2 0.79% 0.80% n/a
Portfolio Turnover2 19.6% 18.4% n/a
1 UK GAAP Measure 2 Alternative Performance Measure (refer to glossary on page 66) Source: Aberforth Partners LLP
Cumulative Performance over past year
(figures are total returns and have been rebased to 100 at 31 December 2022)
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
ASCoT NAV Benchmark ASCoT Share Price
Dec-22
Mar-23
Jun-23
Sep-23 Dec-23
Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 1
Chairman’s Statement
Review of performance
ASCoT’s net asset value total return in the twelve months to 31 December 2023 was +8.2%. The discount of ASCoT’s
share price to its net asset value widened very slightly over the year. Therefore, ASCoT’s share price total return was
+8.0%. The total return from the Numis Smaller Companies Index (excluding investment companies) (NSCI (XIC)) was
+10.1%. Larger UK companies, represented by the FTSE All-Share, were up by 7.9% in total return terms.
It was a volatile year for financial markets as they wrestled with inflation and its implications for monetary policy. A
positive outturn for 2023 seemed unlikely as late as November. But then favourable inflation data in both the UK and
the US encouraged the view that the next move in interest rates would be downwards. This triggered a powerful and
welcome rally into the year end. In the UK, this has so far been led by the mid cap stocks, to which ASCoT has a relatively
low exposure.
The financial markets maintained an obsessive focus on the interest rate cycle, largely overlooking other developments
in 2023. With the war in Ukraine continuing, Hamas’s October attacks intensified geopolitical risk. Meanwhile, the
economic backdrop also deteriorated as the impetus of the pandemic recovery faded and the impact of earlier monetary
tightening affected activity. Through the second half of the year, evidence built of more challenging trading conditions
both in the UK’s domestic economy and in many overseas markets. The frequency of weaker trading updates rose and
many companies, not just in the UK, experienced a year of lower profits in 2023.
Another notable feature of 2023 was the persistent despondency about the UK equity market and its constituent
companies. Institutional and retail investors continue to move money out of the UK and valuations for most UK
companies are very low, particularly among smaller companies. Low need not mean attractive, but the Managers’ report
makes a strong case for why the prevailing doom and gloom have been overdone.
Dividends
My statement twelve months ago described the very strong recovery in dividends paid by investee companies following
the pandemic. This recovery took ASCoT’s Revenue Return per Ordinary Share to its highest ever level of 55.64p.
Remarkably, this number was exceeded in 2023, with Revenue per Ordinary Share reaching 59.79p. Seven special
dividends were helpful, but even with these excluded from both years, the underlying rate of growth was 9%.
The strength of this income performance means that the Board can meet its ambition to grow ASCoT’s full year ordinary
dividend above the rate of inflation, which was 4.0% in December. In dividing Revenue per Ordinary Share between the
ordinary dividend, the special dividend and the addition to revenue reserves, we have taken into account the economic
outlook for 2024 and the Managers’ dividend estimates for the investee companies. These estimates point to a year of
lower dividend receipts, which would be consistent with what does appear to be a more difficult trading environment for
companies. However, it seems likely that Revenue per Ordinary Share will still be well above its pre-pandemic levels.
The Board therefore proposes a final dividend of 28.55p per Ordinary Share, which would represent growth of 5.9% on
the previous year’s 26.95p. Together with the interim dividend of 12.95p, the full year dividend would be 41.50p. The year-
on-year increase of 6.4% would be well above the rate of inflation. We also propose a special dividend of 9.00p, which
underlines how robust a year it was and ensures that ASCoT passes the HMRC’s minimum retention test for investment
trusts. The total dividend in respect of 2023 of 50.50p would allow 9.29p to be added to revenue reserves to take them
to 80.1p per Ordinary Share, which would cover the ordinary full year dividend just under two times.
In what has been the best year for income in ASCoT’s 33 years, the Board considered it appropriate to add to revenue
reserves. Prudent management of revenue reserves since 1990 has made an important contribution to ASCoT’s dividend
record, allowing it to be sustained even in the more challenging years. Thus, amid the pandemic in 2020, ASCoT was able
to grow its dividend by 4% when the UK equity market saw dividends decline by 33%. Revenue reserves also allow the
Managers to appraise investments in the context of total returns – they are not limited to finding value among higher
yielding companies. This flexibility has been important as ASCoT has navigated its way through previous economic cycles.
Gearing
In May 2023, ASCoT announced the refinancing of its credit facility with The Royal Bank of Scotland International Limited.
The term of this £130m facility runs to June 2026 and is designed to align with the three yearly continuation vote.
The Board’s gearing policy has been consistent throughout ASCoT’s life: gearing is deployed tactically with the aim of
taking advantage of periods of stress in equity markets. ASCoT has been geared on four occasions in its 33 years. The
most recent of these came in 2020 amid the pandemic. Gearing has remained in place since then and has added to
ASCoT’s net asset value performance. At the year end, £72m of the facility was deployed and the gearing ratio, which is
net debt to Shareholders’ Funds, was 5.1%.
Beyond the potential to enhance returns, the credit facility provides flexibility to conduct buy-backs and allows the
Managers to react nimbly to new opportunities without disturbing existing investments. In what can often be a volatile
and relatively illiquid asset class, these are important benefits and the Managers took advantage of them over the past
twelve months.
2 Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Chairman’s Statement
Share buy-back
The Board believes that buy-backs provide an increase in liquidity at the margin for those Shareholders looking to
crystallise their investment and, at the same time, deliver an economic uplift for those Shareholders wishing to remain
invested in the Company.
In the year to 31 December 2023, 930,000 shares were bought back and cancelled. The total value of these repurchases
was £11.6m, on an average discount of 13.3%. Since 2008, ASCoT’s share buy-backs have totalled £158m and added
£24m of value to shareholders.
The Company seeks authority to buy back up to 14.99% of its Ordinary Shares at the Annual General Meeting. The
authority was renewed in March 2023 and the Board will seek to renew the authority at the Annual General Meeting on
5 March 2024.
Stewardship
The Board is responsible for the effective stewardship of the Company’s affairs and oversees the activities of the
Managers in relation to Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) matters. Pages 14 to 16 cover the Board’s oversight
and activities in 2023. They also address the Managers’ ESG policies and practices, along with their voting approach and
activity during the year. The Board endorses the Managers’ stewardship policy, which is set out in their submission as a
signatory to the UK Stewardship Code. This, together with examples relating to voting and engagement with investee
companies, can be found in the “About Aberforth” section of the Managers’ website at www.aberforth.co.uk.
Board Composition
The Board regularly reviews its composition and structure in line with corporate governance requirements. As I
previewed last year, as part of the Board’s succession planning Julia Le Blan retired from the Board during the year and
Patricia Dimond took over as chair of the Audit Committee. Furthermore, Jaz Bains became a member of the Audit
Committee.
In addition, the Board has decided, given its relatively small size, that Martin Warner will be appointed to the Audit
Committee from 1 February 2024 having previously attended by invitation. In the past, the Audit Committee chair has
performed the role of Senior Independent Director (SID) as and when needed. The Board has decided to formalise this
with the appointment of Patricia Dimond as SID from 1 February 2024.
Annual General Meeting (AGM)
The AGM will be held at 14 Melville Street, Edinburgh EH3 7NS at 10.30 am on 5 March 2024. Details of the resolutions
to be considered by Shareholders are set out in the Notice of the Meeting on page 62. Shareholders are encouraged to
submit their vote by proxy in advance of the meeting. In accordance with normal practice, the results of the AGM will
be issued in a regulatory news announcement and posted on Aberforth’s website. An update on performance and the
portfolio will also be available on the website following the meeting.
Conclusion
It promises to be a fascinating year on both the economic and political fronts. The outcome of the Presidential Election
in the US will set the tone for global financial markets over the medium term, while the UK’s General Election will affect
the trading environment for many smaller companies. At this stage, the UK election would appear to carry less risk. A
smooth change of government could help restore confidence in UK politics and erode the political discount that has
afflicted UK stockmarket valuations since the EU referendum.
At the same time, there is good reason to reappraise the UK’s economic performance. It is now clear that the economy
fared less badly during the pandemic than initially feared. Furthermore, recent inflation data indicate that the UK is not
an outlier and that the Bank of England will have scope to reduce interest rates in coming quarters. Whether these cuts
will be enough to mitigate the impact of previous monetary tightening remains to be seen. The risk of a recession lingers,
though it may be mitigated as growth in wages and benefits moves above the rate of inflation.
A downturn would be unfortunate for the country – recessions bring financial stress and hardship to households and
companies alike. However, from ASCoT’s perspective, the question of whether we experience recession now feels
academic. As the Managers’ Report makes clear, a downturn is baked into the valuations of ASCoT’s investee companies.
So, in practical terms, the more interesting question is what will allow the stockmarket to move on and to anticipate
recovery. Though there will be a myriad of complicating factors, the straightforward response is the reality of interest
rate cuts.
Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 3
Chairman’s Statement
In the meantime, my fellow directors and I are excited by ASCoT’s prospects. In a constantly changing industry, the
Managers’ value investment philosophy and their consistent investment process are important differentiators. They
have underpinned the Company’s 33 year record and their relevance today is undiminished. We have also been
encouraged by the additional insights shared in the Managers’ Report into their engagement approach. Through our
discussions with them over the years, it is clear that engagement has made an important contribution to ASCoT’s
investment returns. Insights of this sort are a further support of the Board’s ambition to keep ASCoT’s dividend growing
in real terms. This can reward Shareholders for our patience as we await a broader appreciation of small UK quoted
companies and UK equities in general. When that reappraisal happens, the very attractive valuations of ASCoT’s
portfolio bode well for a period of strong investment returns.
Finally, my fellow Directors and I are always keen to receive the views of Shareholders – please contact me at my e-mail
address, which is noted below.
Richard Davidson
Chairman
31 January 2024
richard.davidson@aberforth.co.uk
4 Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Key Performance Indicators
The Board assesses the Company’s performance in meeting its objective against the following key performance indicators (also
referred to as Alternative Performance Measures): net asset value total return with dividends reinvested; share price total
return with dividends reinvested; relative performance; dividend growth and share price discount to net asset value.
Information on the Company’s performance is provided in the Chairman’s Statement and Managers’ Report and a record of
these measures is shown below and in the Historical Information on page 7. In addition to the above, the Board considers the
share price discount against a tracked investment trust peer group. A glossary of these Alternative Performance Measures can
be found on page 66 and the Company's objective is on page 1.
Cumulative Performance (Total Returns)
Periods to 31 December 2023 1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Since inception
(10 December 1990)
Net Asset Value per Ordinary Share1 8.2% 28.5% 38.0% 65.0% 3,863.4%
Numis Smaller Companies Index
(excluding Investment Companies)
10.1% 10.3% 32.1% 61.2% 2,012.2%
Ordinary Share Price1 8.0% 20.5% 40.7% 66.1% 3,593.7%
Annualised Performance (Total Returns)
Periods to 31 December 2023 1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Since inception
(10 December 1990)
Net Asset Value per Ordinary Share1 8.2% 8.7% 6.7% 5.1% 11.8%
Numis Smaller Companies Index
(excluding Investment Companies)
10.1% 3.3% 5.7% 4.9% 9.7%
Ordinary Share Price1 8.0% 6.4% 7.1% 5.2% 11.5%
1 Alternative Performance Measure (refer to glossary on page 66) Source: Aberforth Partners LLP
Cumulative Performance over 10 years
(figures are total returns and have been rebased to 100 at 31 December 2013)
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
ASCoT NAV Benchmark ASCoT Share Price
Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 5
Key Performance Indicators (continued)
Ten Year Summary
Relative Performance (figures are total returns and have been rebased to 100 at 31 December 2013)
110
100
90
80
70
NAV v Benchmark Share Price v Benchmark
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Dividends and CPI Growth (figures have been rebased to 100 at 31 December 2013)
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
CPI Dividends (excluding special dividends)
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Premium/Discount (being the difference between Share Price and NAV)
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
Premium
Discount
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
6 Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Historical Information
Total Returns
Discrete Annual Returns (%)
ASCoT ASCoT
Period NAV Index Share Price
1 year to 31 December 2023 8.2 10.1 8.0
1 year to 31 December 2022 -10.4 -17.9 -7.3
1 year to 31 December 2021 32.5 21.9 20.3
1 year to 31 December 2020 -15.4 -4.3 -16.5
1 year to 31 December 2019 26.9 25.2 39.8
1 year to 31 December 2018 -15.4 -15.3 -11.8
1 year to 31 December 2017 22.1 19.5 22.6
1 year to 31 December 2016 5.8 11.1 -4.2
1 year to 31 December 2015 10.2 10.6 13.9
1 year to 31 December 2014 -0.7 -1.9 0.1
Annualised Returns (%) Cumulative Returns (%)
ASCoT ASCoT
ASCoT Share ASCoT Share
Periods to 31 December 2023 NAV Index Price NAV Index Price
2 years from 31 December 2021 -1.5 -4.9 0.1 -3.1 -9.5 0.2
3 years from 31 December 2020 8.7 3.3 6.4 28.5 10.3 20.5
4 years from 31 December 2019 2.1 1.4 0.2 8.7 5.6 0.7
5 years from 31 December 2018 6.7 5.7 7.1 38.0 32.1 40.7
6 years from 31 December 2017 2.6 1.9 3.7 16.7 11.8 24.1
7 years from 31 December 2016 5.2 4.2 6.2 42.4 33.7 52.2
8 years from 31 December 2015 5.3 5.1 4.8 50.7 48.5 45.8
9 years from 31 December 2014 5.8 5.7 5.8 66.1 64.2 66.0
10 years from 31 December 2013 5.1 4.9 5.2 65.0 61.2 66.1
15 years from 31 December 2008 11.7 11.9 12.9 424.3 438.2 517.3
20 years from 31 December 2003 9.1 9.2 9.5 475.9 476.3 512.3
33.1 years from inception
on 10 December 1990 11.8 9.7 11.5 3,863.4 2,012.2 3,593.7
Ten Year Summary (ASCoT)
Net Asset Revenue Dividends
Value per Share per Ordinary per Ordinary Ongoing
As at Share Price Discount Share Share Charges
31 December p p % p p %
Gearing
%
2023 1,536.7 1,378.00 10.3 59.79 50.50 0.79
2022 1,465.7 1,322.00 9.8 55.64 47.30 0.80
2021 1,674.4 1,464.00 12.6 36.76 35.20 0.75
2020 1,292.4 1,248.00 3.4 13.28 33.30 0.81
2019 1,570.2 1,540.00 1.9 42.26 36.00 0.77
2018 1,273.7 1,138.00 10.7 45.30 38.00 0.79
2017 1,543.7 1,326.00 14.1 41.59 35.50 0.76
2016 1,292.6 1,109.00 14.2 36.93 30.10 0.80
2015 1,254.3 1,193.00 4.9 35.03 28.75 0.79
2014 1,161.4 1,072.00 7.7 27.24 24.75 0.82
2013 1,193.2 1,095.00 6.7 27.37 23.50 0.79
The Historical Information above includes Alternative Performance Measures (refer to glossary on page 66)
5.1
5.7
5.6
6.1
0.8
1.3
0.3
2.7
0.3
2.8
2.6
Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 7
Managers’ Report
Introduction
ASCoT’s net asset value total return in the twelve months to 31 December 2023 was +8.2%. Over the same period, the
NSCI (XIC) – ASCoT’s benchmark – rose by 10.1%. The FTSE All-Share, which is representative of larger UK companies,
was up by 7.9%.
Investment background
Geopolitical risk was already elevated at the start of 2023 as the war in Ukraine continued. It rose further towards the
end of the year with Hamas’s attack on Israel. However, financial markets were dominated by one issue – inflation and
its implications for monetary policy, especially US monetary policy. Persistent inflation had driven the Federal Reserve
to raise interest rates by a cumulative 525 basis points in the sixteen months to July 2023. This brought to an end the
era of very low borrowing costs that followed the global financial crisis of 2007 and 2008. Understandably, markets have
struggled with this new reality and have been eager for indications that inflationary pressure might be relenting.
The ebb and flow of sentiment through the year can be gauged from the US ten year government bond yield. This
started 2023 at 3.8% and surged to 5.0% in August, which was its highest level since 2007. As inflation data improved
and markets started to anticipate lower interest rates, the yield dropped to 3.9% by the year end, a move that was
echoed by the strong performance of equity indices over the last two months of the year.
The UK and much of Europe are also facing higher borrowing costs. These contributed to lacklustre economic growth in
2023, compounding the effects of high energy costs and waning momentum from the pandemic recovery. Recession
threatens several European economies, including the UK’s, while China’s reopening has so far proved rather tepid. The
brighter spots in terms of economic activity are the US, which is benefiting from government spending through the
Inflation Reduction Act and other programmes, and some emerging economies, which are proving more resilient than in
past phases of US monetary tightening.
An overall weaker economic backdrop has complicated trading for companies. Results for 2023 will be reported in the
first half of 2024 and are likely to show that profits declined in the UK and in Europe. Even the US stockmarket is
expected to experience next to no profit growth, notwithstanding its “magnificent seven” technology leviathans. There
are several reasons for this. First, higher interest rates and the other macro-economic uncertainties have put pressure
on revenues. Second, it is proving more difficult to raise selling prices as the rate of inflation reduces, but labour costs
are continuing to rise. These are harder to pass through to customers, which squeezes profit margins. Third, the cost of
borrowing is rising as debt terms are renegotiated in today’s environment of higher interest rates.
Turning specifically to small UK quoted companies, the Managers expect a double digit percentage decline in profits for
2023, with falls for nearly half of the profitable companies that they track closely. Unsurprisingly, those companies
operating close to the housing market have been most affected, but it has been notable that overseas facing companies
also experienced more challenging trading conditions in the second half of 2023. The effect of this slowdown on profits
might be close to half of the impact typically experienced in a full economic recession. Strong balance sheets and battle-
hardened boards of directors offer mitigation, but what is important for ASCoT is how much of this is already embedded
in the stockmarket’s valuations of the companies. This is considered in detail in the Valuations section of this report.
Analysis of performance and portfolio characteristics
Over the twelve months to 31 December 2023, ASCoT’s net asset value total return was +8.2% and the NSCI (XIC)’s was
+10.1%. An analysis of the difference between the two numbers is shown in the table below. The most important
influence on ASCoT’s return was the performance of the companies that make up its portfolio of investments.
For the twelve months ended 31 December 2023 Basis points
Attributable to the portfolio of investments, based on mid prices
(after transaction costs of 14 basis points) (271)
Movement in mid to bid price spread 40
Cash/gearing 102
Purchase of ordinary shares 14
Management fee (71)
Other expenses (7)
Total attribution based on bid prices
(193)
Note: 100 basis points = 1%. Total Attribution is the difference between the total return of the NAV and the Benchmark Index (i.e. NAV = 8.21%;
Benchmark Index = 10.14%; difference is -1.93% being -193 basis points).
The next table sets out a series of characteristics of both the portfolio and the NSCI (XIC). The paragraphs that follow
provide context and explanation for these characteristics and for ASCoT’s performance in 2023.
8 Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Managers’ Report
31 December 2023 31 December 2022
The value investment style helped performance in 2022. It has, however, been out of favour for most of the period since
Portfolio characteristics ASCoT NSCI (XIC) ASCoT NSCI (XIC)
*
Number of companies 78 353 79 350
Weighted average market capitalisation £591m £957m £548m £866m
Weighting in “smaller small” companies* 61% 28% 62% 32%
Portfolio turnover 20% N/A 18% N/A
Active share 75% N/A 77% N/A
Price earnings (PE) ratio (historical) 7.9x 12.8x 8.1x 8.1x
Dividend yield (historical) 4.2% 3.3% 3.5% 3.4%
Dividend cover (historical) 3.0x 2.3x 3.5x 3.7x
*”Smaller small” companies are members of the NSCI (XIC) that are not also members of the FTSE 250
Style & size
Since the pandemic recovery started in late 2020, inflation has caused interest rates and bond yields to rise. These
conditions have favoured the value investment style. The London Business School analyses style effects within the NSCI
(XIC) using price-to-book ratios to differentiate between value and growth stocks. They calculate that the total return of
the index’s value cohort exceeded that of its growth cohort in 2021, 2022 and 2023. A caveat to this positive style
backdrop for value is the very strong share price performance in 2023 of the large US technology companies collectively
known as the “magnificent seven”. This suggests a more favourable environment for growth stocks, which would be
consistent with the stockmarket’s current optimism about an end to the cycle of higher interest rates. Nevertheless, the
positive backdrop for the value investment style has benefited ASCoT’s returns over recent years.
Turning to size, the NSCI (XIC) has a significant overlap with the FTSE 250 index: 72% of its value is represented by mid
cap stocks. The portfolio’s weighting in these is much lower at 39%, with the majority made up of holdings in the more
attractively valued “smaller small” companies. The share price performances of the “larger small” and “smaller small”
companies were similar through 2023 as a whole. However, the stockmarket rally at the end of the year was led by the
mid caps, which out-performed their smaller peers by 5% in just over two months. This hampered ASCoT’s performance
as the year drew to a close. In periods of rapid share price moves, both upwards and downwards, it is common for the
“larger small” companies to lead the way and for the “smaller smalls” to catch up in due course.
Balance sheets
The table below shows the balance sheet profile of the portfolio and of the Tracked Universe, which is a subset of the
NSCI (XIC). It comprises 234 companies, which the Managers follow closely and which together represent 98% by value
of the total NSCI (XIC) index.
Net debt/EBITDA Net debt/EBITDA
Weight in companies with: Net cash < 2x > 2x Other*
Portfolio: 2023 33% 42% 17% 7%
Tracked universe: 2023 34% 41% 17% 8%
*Includes loss-makers and lenders.
Small companies’ balance sheets have not been so strong since around 2014. Back then, a phase of balance sheet repair
was a reaction to 2009’s recession. Today, balance sheets are already in a robust state. This should limit the risk to
dividends and the requirement for equity issuance in the event of an economic downturn. Strong balance sheets also help
to mitigate refinancing risk, as companies’ borrowing costs rise amid the current environment of higher interest rates.
The balance sheet profiles of the portfolio and the Tracked Universe are similar, with high exposures to companies with net
cash or modest degrees of leverage. The opportunity for ASCoT to invest in these companies comes from the stockmarket’s
aversion to the UK and to its smaller companies in particular. Their fundamental attributes are being ignored and pricing
inefficiencies abound.
Another fundamental change being widely overlooked is the improvement in the funding position of defined benefit
pension schemes. For two decades, UK companies have deployed large amounts of their free cash flow to reduce pension
deficits. A silver lining to the cloud of higher interest rates has been the narrowing of these deficits. Many pension scheme
trustees are now able to contemplate de-risking, which relieves the sponsoring companies of the requirement to make top-
up payments. The boost to free cash flow is often significant and several of ASCoT’s holdings benefited in this way through
2023.
Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 9
Managers’ Report
Income
The portfolio’s income performance in 2023 was good, with income earned by ASCoT reaching its highest ever level. Seven
special dividends chipped in, but the main influence was a further recovery in profits from the pandemic. Inevitably, that
momentum is starting to fade as profits and pay-out ratios approach pre-pandemic levels.
Nil Payer
15
Cutter
14
Unchanged
Payer
15
Increased
Payer
31
New/Returner
3
The table above splits ASCoT’s 78 holdings into five categories, which are determined by each company’s most recent
dividend action. The most populous category remains the Increased Payers, though there are proportionately fewer than
last year. Three companies returned to paying a dividend, having previously been classified as Nil Payers. This transition can
provide a significant boost to ASCoT’s income and a further five holdings are presently expected to make the shift from Nil
Payer to New / Returner over the next eighteen months.
The historical dividend yield of ASCoT’s holdings at 31 December 2023 was 4.2%, which was 28% higher than the average
over ASCoT’s 33 year history. Dividend cover of 3.0x also compared well with the long term average of 2.8x. This feature,
along with the portfolio’s strong balance sheets, should support ASCoT’s income experience as corporate profitability is
coming under pressure.
Corporate activity
Despite the backdrop of higher interest rates and borrowing costs, M&A continued apace in 2023. The takeovers of twelve
NSCI (XIC) constituents were completed in the year. ASCoT had holdings in six of these. The average EV/EBITA multiple at
which the deals were executed was 12.4x, while the average premium to the pre-announcement share prices was an
unusually high 66%.
Somewhat surprisingly, private equity houses were the bidders in seven of the twelve deals. The Managers had expected
the higher cost of borrowing to limit this source of interest. However, the very low valuations accorded to small UK quoted
companies by the stockmarket give private equity the opportunity. At these valuations, it would appear that debt is not
needed at the outset to make M&A models work. This remarkable situation highlights a risk to ASCoT and other investors
in the asset class – in many cases, even a large takeover premium may not bring the valuation to a level that reflects the true
worth of the target company.
In such circumstances, the Managers are prepared to vote against under-priced deals and did so in 2023. The best M&A
experiences are often those in which boards of directors consult shareholders well in advance. Such consultation reduces
the risk of embarrassment, should shareholders find proposed terms unacceptable, and can lead to better outcomes, which
may be that the company in question retains its independence. The Managers make it clear to the boards of the investee
companies that they should be consulted in such situations and that they are willing to be insiders for extended periods.
ASCoT’s gearing
ASCoT employs gearing tactically to take advantage of periods of stress in financial markets. It is currently geared for the
fourth time in its history, having drawn on its borrowing facility amid the pandemic in 2020. Since then, gearing has
enhanced ASCoT’s returns, but valuations of smaller companies remain very attractive. As long as the opportunity
embedded in these valuations remains, it is appropriate for ASCoT to retain some gearing. At 31 December 2023, the gearing
ratio was 5.1%, down from 5.7% at the start of the year. The reduction is influenced by the rise in share prices over the
period and by the timing of purchases and sales.
Active share
Active share is a measure of how different a portfolio is from an index. The ratio is calculated as half of the sum of the
absolute differences between each stock’s weighting in the index and its weighting in the portfolio. The higher a portfolio’s
active share, the higher its chance of performing differently from the index, for better or worse. The Managers target an
active share ratio of at least 70% for ASCoT’s portfolio compared with the NSCI (XIC). At 31 December 2023, it stood at 75%.
Value roll and portfolio turnover
The main influence on ASCoT’s portfolio turnover in any period is usually the stockmarket’s appetite for small UK quoted
companies. If prices and valuations are rising, the upsides to the Managers’ target prices are likely to be narrowing. All else
being equal, this would encourage the rotation of ASCoT’s capital from companies with lower upsides to those with higher
upsides. The Managers term this dynamic the “value roll” and it has played an important role in ASCoT’s capital and income
returns over the years. It follows that periods of higher portfolio turnover are often associated with strong returns for ASCoT.
In 2023, portfolio turnover, defined as the lower of purchases and sales divided by average portfolio value, was 20%. This
is below the long term average of 34%. Notwithstanding ASCoT’s positive return in the year, this suggests that there was
less opportunity for “value roll” than usual. This is another symptom of the deep under-valuation of small UK quoted
companies – if the stockmarket does not reflect their true value, there is every incentive to maintain the position.
Environmental, social and governance (ESG)
The issues underlying this umbrella term bring both threats and opportunities to individual companies. Additionally, it
seems likely that the valuation of the asset class as a whole is affected by the view that small companies are ESG victims.
The Managers disagree and believe that the passage of time will show that small companies are coping well with the
challenges of ESG. A broader appreciation of this ought to contribute to a re-rating of the asset class in due course, which
should benefit ASCoT’s returns.
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Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Managers’ Report
In 2023, the Managers continued to populate the ESG module within their investment database. This module was launched
in 2022 and is intended to provide insights into the portfolio’s ESG profile as the data set is enriched over time. It also allows
the Managers to track and prioritise engagement activities. Work in 2023 indicated that smaller companies are coping well
with the increasing expectations and regulations associated with ESG. Disclosure continues to improve and action is being
taken to address underlying issues. When that is not the case, the Managers engage to understand the reason and seek
change where appropriate. Beyond this, they also encourage companies to think about and articulate opportunities arising
from environmental and social issues, such as climate change. To this point, several industrial companies in which ASCoT
invests manufacture products that generate both financial and emission savings for their customers. Examples are provided
in the Stewardship & ESG section of the Managers’ website at www.aberforth.co.uk. Further details of the Managers’
approach to ESG are set out on pages 14 to 16 of this annual report.
Engagement
Since ASCoT’s inception in 1990, an integral part of Aberforth’s investment process has been engagement with the boards
of the investee companies. The Managers often take significant stakes in investee companies – up to 25% of issued share
capital across Aberforth’s client base. Engagement is therefore a responsibility. Importantly, it is also a means to improve
investment outcomes. Aberforth’s approach to engagement is intended to be purposeful, discreet and constructive. It
includes regular updates with executive directors and also encompasses meetings with non executives. There is a particular
focus on the chair, which is the most important role in the UK’s system of corporate governance. The Managers engage on
any topic that affects the value of an investment or the rights of shareholders, with the most common being capital
allocation.
The Managers are prepared to be taken inside for extended periods, which indicates their commitment to responsible
stewardship and which can be helpful to investee companies. They also expect to be consulted in a timely fashion – the
presentation of a fait accompli by the board to shareholders is a risky and unhelpful undertaking. Several of the takeovers
in recent years have been presented without due consultation and have led to the Managers engaging to improve the terms
for shareholders and/or voting against the deals. The Managers are confident that their purposeful, discreet and
constructive engagement has enhanced ASCoT’s returns over time.
Valuations
ASCoT’s historical PE ratio
20x
18x
16x
14x
12x
10x
8x
6x
4x
20x
18x
16x
14x
12x
10x
8x
6x
4x
ASCoT PE
+/- Standard Deviation
1990
1995
2000
2005
Mean
2010
2015
2020
2023
The chart depicts the historical price earnings ratio (PE) of ASCoT’s portfolio. At 31 December 2023, the PE was 7.9x, which
was more than one standard deviation below the 33 year average of 12.1x. History suggests that this only happens during
recession – the early 1990s downturn towards the left of the chart, the global financial crisis in the middle and more recently
the pandemic recession.
If share prices are unchanged over the next twelve months, it is likely that the historical PE will rise. This would reflect lower
reported profits, consistent with the description given in the introduction to this report. Lower profits are clearly not to be
welcomed, but they are not inconsistent with good equity returns because the stockmarket focuses on what will happen
rather than what has happened. In the early 1990s recession, small company profits declined by 25-30% over three years,
while the PE of ASCoT’s portfolio rose from 7x at the end of 1990 to a high of almost 19x at the end of 1993. Investors more
than doubled their money in total return terms over that period.
Aside from concern about the near term outlook for corporate profits, three other factors contribute to the particularly
attractive levels of valuation currently accorded to ASCoT’s portfolio. These are the prevailing malaise with the UK and its
stockmarket, the concern about the liquidity of smaller companies, and the effect of the Managers’ value investment style.
The following paragraphs address each of these factors.
• At 31 December 2023, the FTSE All-Share’s PE was 35% lower than Panmure Gordon’s calculation of the PE for the Rest
of the World. Since 1990, the average discount of UK equities has been 16%. Several justifications for today’s larger than
usual discount are regularly offered.
Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 11
Managers’ Report
First, since the EU referendum in 2016 and with the subsequent succession of Prime Ministers, the UK’s reputation for
political stability has been impaired. However, the UK does not have a monopoly in political uncertainty. The UK’s
flirtation with populism may prove to be behind it, while elections over the coming years may cast other countries in a
relatively unfavourable light.
Second, there is a widespread view that the UK’s economic performance in recent years has been comparatively poor,
from Brexit through a proportionately tougher lockdown experience to a more intransigent problem with inflation.
However, Brexit’s impact is largely in the past – the companies with which the Managers engage have learned to live with
it. Turning to the pandemic, recent revisions by the ONS to its calculation of GDP reveal that the UK’s recovery compares
well with other members of the G7. Finally, the gap between the UK’s inflation rate and that of comparable countries is
now narrowing to undermine arguments that the UK is the “sick man of Europe”.
Third, there is a concern that the UK stockmarket itself is dysfunctional. Evidence cited includes its lack of technology
companies, infrequent and unsuccessful IPOs, low valuations, and outflows from pension and open-ended funds. Some
of this reasoning is circular, but the issue has caught the attention of government, for better or worse. Mooted solutions
are mandated investment in UK listed companies by pension funds, lower governance standards for UK listings and the
dilution of EU inspired regulation on UK capital markets. For the Managers, it is not clear that the UK stockmarket is
broken and well-intended legislation is often undermined in due course by the unintended consequences.
• Within the UK market, there is a pronounced valuation discount for size – the lower the market capitalisation, the lower
the valuation. Within the NSCI (XIC), the average 2023 EV/EBITA ratio of companies with market capitalisations above
£600m (roughly the boundary between the FTSE 250 and the FTSE SmallCap) is 11.0x. For those below the £600m
threshold, the “smaller small” companies, the average multiple is 23% lower at 8.4x.
For smaller companies, the general concerns about the UK are compounded by their greater reliance on the domestic
economy. Around 50% of the aggregate revenues of NSCI (XIC)’s constituents are generated within the UK, higher than
the 20-25% or so for the entire UK stockmarket. While companies close to the domestic housing market have reported
more difficult trading conditions for the past nine months, it is notable that their share prices have often fallen by less
than the extent of the downgrade to profit expectations. This is an indication that economic weakness is reflected in
valuations, which is a necessary, though not sufficient, condition for recovery.
Against the background of disinvestment from UK equities, there is a heightened sensitivity towards liquidity on the part
of many investors. This is likely to have penalised the valuations of the relatively illiquid asset class of smaller companies.
However, such an investment stance risks missing the small company premium, which is the historical out-performance
of small over large and which has averaged 1.6% per annum over ASCoT’s 33 years. Investors are rewarded for taking on
liquidity risk over time and relative illiquidity works both ways. Gaining exposure to the asset class when sentiment turns
is not straightforward – as so often in investment, time in the market is more important than timing the market.
• Turning to ASCoT’s portfolio, the 7.9x historical PE at 31 December 2023 was 38% below that of the NSCI (XIC). This
compares with an average discount of 12% since 1990.
ASCoT’s portfolio is managed in accordance with the value investment style and so a discount to the overall valuation of
smaller companies is to be expected. However, the discount today is unusually wide. Part of this is explained by the
better value on offer among the NSCI (XIC)’s “smaller small” companies, to which ASCoT has a relatively high exposure.
Another factor is the Managers’ willingness to look through general concern about near term corporate profitability by
investing in strong and growing but economically sensitive companies. Unburdened by these distractions, ASCoT’s
opportunity set within the investment universe is presently towards its widest in its history.
The following table sets out further detail about the forward valuations of the portfolio, the Tracked Universe and certain
subdivisions of the Tracked Universe. The metric displayed is enterprise value to earnings before interest, tax and
amortisation (EV/EBITA), which the Managers use most often in valuing companies. The ratios are based on the Managers’
profit forecasts for each company that they track. The bullet points following the table summarise its main messages.
EV/EBITA
ASCoT
Tracked universe (234 stocks)
- 35 growth stocks
- 199 other stocks
- 83 stocks > £600m market cap
- 151 stocks < £600m market cap
2022
6.8x
9.6x
18.4x
8.7x
10.7x
7.7x
2023
8.1x
10.0x
16.7x
9.2x
11.0x
8.4x
2024
6.8x
8.5x
13.4x
7.9x
9.5x
7.0x
2025
6.0x
7.5x
11.9x
7.0x
8.5x
6.0x
• The higher multiples for 2023 compared with 2022 are consistent with earlier comments about lower company profits
in 2023. The Managers’ forecasts currently point to a profit recovery in 2024, but the precise timing of a rebound
relies on the domestic and overseas economic backdrop.
• The average EV/EBITA multiples of the portfolio are lower than those of the Tracked Universe. This has been a
consistent feature over ASCoT’s history and is consistent with the Managers’ value investment style.
• The portfolio’s 8.1x EV/EBITA ratio for 2023 is considerably lower than the average multiple of 12.4x at which the
year’s completed M&A deals were struck.
• Each year, the Managers identify a cohort of growth stocks within the NSCI (XIC). These stocks are on much higher
multiples than both the portfolio and the rest of the Tracked Universe.
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Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Managers’ Report
Outlook and conclusion
The financial markets enter 2024 in much the same way as they did 2023 – focused on US interest rates and hopeful that
a turn in the cycle towards looser monetary policy is near at hand. In contrast to twelve months ago, today there is a
declining rate of inflation in most economies as energy prices subside and global supply chains improve. A cut in US
interest rates in the first quarter of the year is now priced into markets. If this is achieved, the probability rises of a “soft
landing” – the Federal Reserve, despite much criticism for having been slow to respond to inflation, may yet be able to
loosen monetary policy without first tipping the US economy into recession.
However, some circumspection is necessary. In particular, the US continues its ambitious fiscal programmes, with
government spending in the final months of 2023 rising at double digit rates. This contributed to annualised growth in
nominal GDP of almost 9% in the third quarter. With full employment and the US electoral cycle to consider, so robust
an economic backdrop is not one normally associated with quiescent inflation. Therefore, financial markets may
continue to be troubled by inflation and US monetary policy over the next twelve months. Moreover, it would be bold
to assume that the recent easing of price pressures means that inflation will return to the very low single digit rates of
the pre-pandemic period.
US interest rates are likely to dictate the near term mood of global financial markets, the UK’s included. But equity
returns over time are heavily influenced by starting valuations, which stockmarkets can take to extreme levels in their
fits of despondency and elation. As the previous section of this report described, the low valuations ascribed to UK
equities, smaller companies and, in particular, ASCoT’s portfolio bode well for returns over the medium term. It is not
straightforward to identify what will change to shine the spotlight on the value on offer in the UK – were it easy, after
all, valuations would not now be so attractive. However, while acknowledging the present debate about the relevance
of the UK stockmarket, the Managers retain confidence in its ability to reflect fairer valuations in due course. Awaiting
a general re-rating of the UK listed companies, ASCoT is well placed to prosper in the meantime.
• With the outlook for inflation and interest rates more nuanced than in the pre-pandemic period, there is reason to
believe that the value investment style can help ASCoT’s returns, as it has over the past three years. The Managers’
commitment to value investment sets ASCoT apart from most other funds in the small company arena.
• ASCoT’s portfolio is skewed towards resilient companies with strong balance sheets and experienced boards of
directors who proved themselves amid the challenges of the pandemic. If, as seems likely, this is a period of more
difficult trading conditions, it is plausible that the investee companies emerge in a stronger competitive position as
they have in previous cycles.
• The investee companies’ resilience should support their dividends and by extension the income ASCoT earns. ASCoT
also benefits from its revenue reserves, which have been carefully nurtured to allow the dividend record to continue
when the macro-economic environment deteriorates. These characteristics support the Board’s ambition to grow
ASCoT’s dividends at a rate above that of inflation.
• In the absence of a widespread revaluation of companies listed on the UK stockmarket, takeover activity is likely to
continue. This is an obvious means through which the value gaps that characterise ASCoT’s portfolio can be realised.
Takeovers are appropriate as long as the offer terms reflect the target company’s true value and are not anchored by
the prevailing stockmarket price.
• Both in M&A situations and more broadly, the Managers will continue to engage with the boards of investee
companies in order to improve outcomes for investors. Discreet, purposeful and constructive engagement is all the
more relevant today when valuations are so low and directors are frustrated by what the stockmarket appears to be
saying about the companies that they run.
These factors contribute to the strength and relevance of ASCoT’s investment proposition, which the Managers believe
can produce good returns for investors as we wait for a re-rating of the UK equity market and its smaller companies.
When that re-rating does arrive, ASCoT’s attractively valued portfolio and tactical gearing mean that it is well-placed to
take full advantage.
Aberforth Partners LLP
Managers
31 January 2024
Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 13
Stewardship and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)
Board oversight and activities
At the heart of the Board’s approach to stewardship is promoting the success of the Company for the benefit of
Shareholders as a whole. The main gauge of success is achievement of the Company’s investment objective in a manner
consistent with its investment policy and strategy. The Board also considers its corporate governance obligations,
regulation, risk and market integrity. Both these and investment objective are affected by environmental, social and
governance matters.
In discharging these stewardship responsibilities, the Board benefits from a group of directors with deep and diverse
expertise. Their main role is one of oversight, since the Company’s day-to-day activities are undertaken by external
firms. Monitoring is primarily based on quarterly updates from the Managers and Secretaries. During the year, the
Board reviewed the Managers’ stewardship and ESG related activity. This included the following.
• Continued enhancements to the Managers’ stewardship and ESG policies and practices.
• Publication of the Managers' ESG integration framework – their methodology used for assessing investee companies.
• Further development of a proprietary methodology in a database module for assessing investee companies’ ESG
issues and for tracking related engagement objectives and activity.
• Updating and publication of the Managers’ Engagement and Voting framework.
• Publication of Aberforth’s third Governance and Corporate Responsibility statement, which describes Aberforth’s
own approach to ESG matters.
Since the Company has no employees and the Board has engaged external firms to undertake the Company’s activities,
the Company has no greenhouse gas emissions to report from its operations and does not have responsibility for any
other emissions-producing sources under the Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Report and Directors’ Reports) Regulations
2013. The Board considered the applicability to the Company of the Streamlined Energy & Carbon Reporting Statement
(‘SECR’) and determined that the Managers’ voluntary detailed disclosures under SECR are most relevant.
The Managers, to whom the Board has delegated investment management responsibilities and discretion to exercise
voting rights, play a crucial role in how the Company’s approach to stewardship is put into practice. Their investment
decisions, engagement with companies and voting are conducted in a manner consistent with their own stewardship
policy. This is designed to deliver the Company’s investment objective, while taking into account broader responsibilities
to the economy, environment and society. The Board has reviewed, and endorses, the Managers’ Stewardship approach
and Policy, the details of which are set out below.
Managers’ Activities
Philosophy, policies and practices
The Managers’ approach to Stewardship and ESG is available on the Aberforth website (www.aberforth.co.uk) in the
“About Aberforth” section. The policy framework is set out in the following documents.
• About Aberforth: the firm’s background and founding principles, its strategic philosophy and nature of the business.
• Investment Philosophy: the Managers’ approach to investing as adopted for the Company.
• Stewardship Policy: Aberforth’s approach to stewardship of clients’ capital, set out in the format of the Financial
Reporting Council's (FRC) UK Stewardship Code.
• ESG Integration Framework: how Aberforth's integrated ESG framework operates in practice.
• Engagement and Voting Framework: how Aberforth engages and votes, and what it expects of investee companies.
• Examples of Engagement and Voting: examples of how the Engagement and Voting framework is put into action.
• Governance and Corporate Responsibility: Aberforth Partners LLP’s approach to stewardship.
The Managers’ approach to Stewardship and ESG is overseen by their Stewardship Committee, which is a sub-committee
of the partnership committee, Aberforth’s ultimate governance body.
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Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Stewardship and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)
The investment cases for many of the Company’s holdings are influenced by environmental, social and governance
matters, particularly as the increased profile of such issues affects the stockmarket’s valuations of companies. The
Managers do not exclude investments from the portfolio based on ESG considerations alone. Rather, analysis of ESG
matters is integrated into the investment process and is considered alongside other factors in forming an investment case.
Engagement
Where ESG or other matters impinge upon the investment case, the Managers engage with the investee company’s
board. This engagement is purposeful, discreet and always occurs with the objective of improving investment outcomes.
The Managers are well placed to undertake this activity. Engagement has always been a fully integrated element of their
investment process and their influence is supported by meaningful stakes in the investee companies. The Managers
believe that their willingness to engage constructively with the boards of investee companies has benefited investment
performance over time and is therefore important to the long term success of the Company.
Proprietary Aberforth database
To support the investment process, Aberforth has developed a module within its proprietary investment database that
tracks and analyses important ESG issues. The database captures relevant metrics, such as greenhouse gas emissions,
Task Force for Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) compliance, and net zero and science-based targets. It also
evaluates investee companies on the basis of several ESG subfactors. The methodology starts with a sector-driven risk
assessment, which is determined by Aberforth’s Stewardship Committee and is influenced by inputs from several third
parties such as the Sustainability Accounting Standards Boards (SASB). From there, each investee company is evaluated
taking into account the risk materiality, mitigating practices, targets for improvement and opportunities. This
methodology allows the portfolio’s ESG profile to be snapshotted and to be tracked through time, as well as helping to
identify risks to investment cases and to focus engagement efforts. The methodology is described in greater detail in
Aberforth's ESG Integration Framework document.
Voting Policy and Activity
The Board has given discretion to the Managers to exercise voting rights on behalf of the Company. The Managers
consider and vote on every resolution that is put to shareholders of the companies in which ASCoT is invested. The Board
endorses the Managers’ voting philosophy, which treats clients as part owners of the underlying companies. These
voting principles are set out in the Managers ‘Engagement and Voting Framework’ document. The Managers vote against
resolutions that they believe may damage shareholders’ rights or economic interests, which includes consideration of
environmental and social matters.
The Board receives quarterly reports from the Managers on governance and voting issues pertaining to investee
companies. The annual voting activity for the Company is noted in the table below.
ASCoT's voting activity, 12 months to 31 December 2023
Shareholder meetings at which ASCoT's shares were voted 94
Shareholder meetings at which ASCoT's shares voted against or abstained 18
Number of resolutions voted 1,387
Number of resolutions voted against 11
Number of resolutions abstained 17
Voting is often the conclusion of engagement, which is undertaken directly and over time with the boards of investee
companies. In normal circumstances, concerns would have been raised and discussed with an investee company’s
directors before the vote. Such engagement improves understanding of issues underlying controversial resolutions and
can result in change that allows the Managers to vote in favour of the relevant resolutions.
Among small UK quoted companies, there remain few general meeting resolutions directly relevant to environmental
and social issues, so much of the voting is focused on governance. During 2023, the Managers did not vote in favour of
resolutions for the re-election of non-independent directors who could risk board independence. Votes against were
also prompted by concerns about remuneration and about the effectiveness of directors. Beyond resolutions put to
annual general meetings, the Managers voted against the approval of the takeover of one of the investee companies
since the terms of the deal under-valued the business and, for a separate company, against the proposed disposal of
assets.
Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 15
Stewardship and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)
The Managers’ submission to the UK Stewardship Code
The UK Stewardship Code, issued by the FRC, sets out the principles of effective stewardship by institutional investors.
The Managers are committed to effective stewardship and were early adopters of the UK Stewardship Code. They were
again recognised as an approved signatory of the code in September 2023. The Managers publish their submission on
their website, along with supporting documentation.
UN Principles For Responsible Investment (‘UNPRI’)
The Managers are a signatory to, and participate in, the annual UNPRI assessment. The results are available within the
“About Aberforth” section of the Managers' website.
Aberforth Partners LLP’s governance and corporate responsibility
The Managers’ approach for their business to Stewardship and ESG is governed by the Stewardship Committee. Details
are set out in their “Governance and Corporate Responsibility” statement. This includes their policies and practices
covering their approach to governance, risk and control, company culture, human resources and environmental matters.
The document also sets out Aberforth’s approach to emissions disclosures, along with its Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions.
These voluntary disclosures are reported under the Streamlined Energy & Carbon Reporting Statement (‘SECR’).
16 Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Thirty Largest Investments
As at 31 December 2023
Value % of Total
No. Company £’000 Net Assets Business Activity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Wilmington Group
Wincanton
Morgan Advanced Materials
FirstGroup
Vesuvius
Redde Northgate
Just Group
TI Fluid Systems
International Personal Finance
Centamin
37,782
37,043
35,336
34,778
34,579
33,076
30,184
29,829
29,812
28,901
2.9
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
Business publishing & training
Logistics
Manufacture of carbon & ceramic materials
Bus & rail operator
Metal flow engineering
Van rental
Individually underwritten annuities
Automotive parts manufacturer
Home credit provider
Gold miner
Top Ten Investments
331,320
25.5
11
Videndum
12 Mitchells & Butlers
Card Factory
13
Senior
14
Robert Walters
15
C&C Group
16
Conduit Holdings
17
SIG
18
Avon Protection
19
Close Brothers Group
20
28,875
28,217
26,505
26,493
25,847
24,897
24,416
24,060
23,435
22,935
2.2
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
Photographic & broadcast accessories
Operator of restaurants, pubs & bars
Retailing - greetings cards
Aerospace & automotive engineering
Recruitment
Brewer and drinks distributor
Bermuda based (re)insurer
Specialist building products distributor
Military protection products
Bank, stockbroker & private client fund manager
Top Twenty Investments
587,000
45.2
Multi-channel gaming operator
IT security
Property - rental to small businesses
Building & infrastructure contractor
Housebuilding
Hostel booking platform
Oil & gas exploration and production
Private client fund manager
Environmental & engineering consulting
Housebuilding
Rank Group
21
22
NCC Group
23 Workspace Group
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Galliford Try Holdings
Redrow
Hostelworld Group
EnQuest
Rathbones Group
Ricardo
Crest Nicholson
Top Thirty Investments
Other Investments (48)
22,170
22,127
22,039
21,738
21,451
21,337
21,078
20,920
20,708
20,371
800,939
563,041
Total Investments
1,363,980
Net Current Assets/(Creditors)
(66,753)
Total Net Assets
1,297,227
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
61.7
43.4
105.1
(5.1)
100.0
Investments are in Ordinary Shares unless otherwise stated.
Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 17
Investment Portfolio
As at 31 December 2023
Value % of Total % of NSCI
Security £’000 Net Assets (XIC)1
Software and Computer Services
Moneysupermarket.com
NCC Group
Technology Hardware and Equipment
TT Electronics
Telecommunications Equipment
Spirent Communications
Telecommunications Service Providers
Zegona Communications
Health Care Providers
Medical Equipment and Services
Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology
Banks
Close Brothers Group
Finance and Credit Services
International Personal Finance
Investment Banking and Brokerage Services
City of London Investment Group
CMC Markets
Jupiter Fund Management
Quilter
Rathbones Group
XPS Pensions Group
Life Insurance
Hansard Global
Just Group
Non-life Insurance
Conduit Holdings
Sabre Insurance Group
Real Estate Investment and Services
Foxtons
Real Estate Investment Trusts
Empiric Student Property
Helical
Workspace Group
Automobiles and Parts
TI Fluid Systems
Consumer Services
RM
Household Goods and Home Construction
Crest Nicholson
Headlam Group
MJ Gleeson
Redrow
Leisure Goods
Personal Goods
Media
Centaur Media
National World
Reach
STV Group
Wilmington Group
18 Strategic Report
26,048
3,921
22,127
15,714
15,714
6,213
6,213
17,825
17,825
–
–
–
22,935
22,935
29,812
29,812
96,802
8,586
15,861
17,179
17,751
20,920
16,505
34,385
4,201
30,184
42,661
24,416
18,245
16,293
16,293
42,410
5,712
14,659
22,039
29,829
29,829
7,412
7,412
67,287
20,371
14,878
10,587
21,451
–
–
77,974
7,950
6,112
19,703
6,427
37,782
6.8
1.0
0.5
2.4
0.7
0.1
2.7
3.2
1.9
12.1
0.9
1.8
2.8
5.7
1.6
0.0
0.8
0.3
1.8
2.5
2.0
0.3
1.7
1.2
1.2
0.5
0.5
1.4
1.4
–
–
–
1.8
1.8
2.3
2.3
7.5
0.7
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.3
2.6
0.3
2.3
3.3
1.9
1.4
1.3
1.3
3.2
0.4
1.1
1.7
2.3
2.3
0.6
0.6
5.2
1.6
1.1
0.8
1.7
–
–
6.0
0.6
0.5
1.5
0.5
2.9
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Investment Portfolio
As at 31 December 2023
Value % of Total % of NSCI
Security £’000 Net Assets (XIC)1
Retailers
Card Factory
DFS Furniture
Topps Tiles
Travel and Leisure
Hostelworld Group
Marstons
Mitchells & Butlers
Rank Group
Beverages
C&C Group
Food Producers
Bakkavor Group
R.E.A. Holdings
Personal Care, Drug and Grocery Stores
McBride
Construction and Materials
Eurocell
Galliford Try Holdings
Keller
Ricardo
Severfield
Aerospace and Defence
Avon Protection
Senior
Electronic and Electrical Equipment
Dialight
Morgan Advanced Materials
XP Power
General Industrials
Macfarlane Group
Industrial Engineering
Bodycote
Castings
Vesuvius
Videndum
XAAR
Industrial Support Services
De La Rue
PageGroup
Paypoint
Robert Walters
SIG
Smiths News
Speedy Hire
Industrial Transportation
FirstGroup
Fisher (James) & Sons
Redde Northgate
VP
Wincanton
Industrial Materials
49,425
26,505
12,154
10,766
89,877
21,337
18,153
28,217
22,170
24,897
24,897
20,867
19,375
1,492
7,955
7,955
76,581
16,984
21,738
9,897
20,708
7,254
49,928
23,435
26,493
55,495
7,899
35,336
12,260
5,890
5,890
107,161
19,793
16,019
34,579
28,875
7,895
116,482
16,422
20,264
6,302
25,847
24,060
14,125
9,462
120,923
34,778
9,097
33,076
6,929
37,043
–
3.7
2.0
0.9
0.8
6.9
1.6
1.4
2.2
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.5
0.1
0.6
0.6
6.0
1.3
1.7
0.8
1.6
0.6
3.8
1.8
2.0
4.2
0.6
2.7
0.9
0.5
0.5
8.2
1.5
1.2
2.7
2.2
0.6
9.1
1.3
1.6
0.5
2.0
1.9
1.1
0.7
9.3
2.7
0.7
2.5
0.5
2.9
–
4.2
7.7
0.8
2.3
1.4
6.2
1.4
2.7
1.3
2.1
5.4
3.2
0.1
Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 19
Investment Portfolio
As at 31 December 2023
Value % of Total % of NSCI
Security £’000 Net Assets (XIC)1
Industrial Metals and Mining
Capital
Ecora Resources
Kenmare Resources
Precious Metals and Mining
Centamin
Gem Diamonds
Chemicals
Oil, Gas and Coal
EnQuest
Pharos Energy
Alternative Energy
Electricity
Waste and Disposal Services
Portfolio Total
Net Current Assets/(Creditors)
Total Net Assets
1 Reflects the rebalanced index as at 1 January 2024
45,609
15,542
15,408
14,659
30,868
28,901
1,967
–
28,422
21,078
7,344
–
–
–
1,363,980
(66,753)
1,297,227
3.5
1.2
1.2
1.1
2.4
2.2
0.2
–
2.2
1.6
0.6
–
–
–
105.1
(5.1)
100.0
2.4
1.3
3.1
4.1
0.3
0.0
0.4
100.0
100.0
Summary of Material Investment Transactions
For the year ended 31 December 2023
Cost Proceeds
Purchases £’000 Sales £’000
34,669
Close Brothers Group
33,671
Avon Protection
28,158
Videndum
26,653
Redrow
21,997
NCC Group
14,907
Quilter
14,314
Zegona Communications
13,221
Workspace Group
Helical
9,808
PageGroup
9,056
XP Power
8,503
MJ Gleeson
8,433
Jupiter Fund Management
7,862
CMC Markets
5,763
Macfarlane Group
5,545
Pendragon
4,867
Marstons
4,725
C&C Group
4,292
Spirent Communications
3,375
TI Fluid Systems
2,669
7,563
Other Purchases
FirstGroup
Lookers
RPS Group
Medica Group
Energean
Moneysupermarket.com
Vanquis Banking Group
Hyve Group
Senior
Rathbones Group
Pendragon
RHI Magnesita
Industrials REIT
Keller
Petrofac
XPS Pensions Group
Redde Northgate
Genel Energy
Bodycote
Centamin
Other Sales
27,254
22,692
18,551
17,571
17,089
14,989
14,541
13,813
10,922
10,531
10,244
7,790
6,739
5,910
5,491
5,155
5,016
4,892
4,655
4,179
27,169
Total Purchases (incl. transaction costs)
255,193
Total Sale Proceeds (incl. transaction costs)
270,051
20 Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Portfolio Information
FTSE Industry Classification Exposure Analysis
31 December 2022 31 December 2023
Net Net
Sector
Portfolio Portfolio Purchases/ Appreciation/ Portfolio Portfolio NSCI (XIC)2
Weight Valuation (Sales)1 (Depreciation) Valuation Weight Weight
% £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 % %
Technology
Telecommunications
Health care
Financials
Real Estate
Consumer Discretionary
Consumer Staples
Industrials
Basic Materials
Energy
Utilities
2
–
1
15
2
26
4
35
10
5
–
30,053
165
19,324
194,390
30,416
338,845
50,414
459,070
127,046
72,538
–
2,881
19,196
(26,653)
26,656
20,390
(47,180)
4,749
49,493
(33,597)
(30,793)
–
8,828
4,677
7,329
5,550
7,897
30,138
(1,444)
23,897
(16,973)
(13,322)
–
41,762
24,038
–
226,596
58,703
321,803
53,719
532,460
76,476
28,423
–
3
2
–
17
4
24
4
39
5
2
–
8
3
4
20
8
19
5
22
7
4
–
100
1,322,261
(14,858)
56,577
1,363,980
100
100
FTSE Index Classification Exposure Analysis
31 December 2022 31 December 2023
NSCI NSCI
Portfolio (XIC) Portfolio (XIC)2
No. of Valuation Weight Weight No. of Valuation Weight Weight
Index Classification Companies £’000 % % Companies £’000 % %
FTSE 100 – – – – – – – –
FTSE 250 21 505,252 38 67 24
534,111 39 72
FTSE SmallCap 41 633,787 48 23 39
FTSE Fledgling 8
Other 9 131,829 10 9 8
649,518 48 19
51,393 4 1 7 38,876 3 1
141,475 10 8
Total 79 1,322,261 100 100 78 1,363,980 100 100
1 Includes transaction costs and effect of sector reclassification.
2 Reflects the rebalanced index as at 1 January 2024.
Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 21
Business Model and Company Matters
Company Status
The Company is a closed-ended investment trust listed on the London Stock Exchange and an Alternative Investment
Fund under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFM) Directive. The Company has been approved by HM
Revenue & Customs as an investment trust for accounting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2013 subject to
the Company continuing to meet the eligibility conditions. The Company will continue to conduct its affairs as an
investment trust. Furthermore, the Company is an investment company as defined within the meaning of Section 833
of the Companies Act 2006.
Investment Policy
The Company aims to achieve its objective by investing in small UK quoted companies. These are companies with a
market capitalisation, at time of purchase, equal to or lower than that of the largest company in the bottom 10% of the
main UK equity market or companies in the NSCI (XIC). At 1 January 2024 (the date of the last annual index rebalancing),
the index included 353 companies, with an aggregate market capitalisation of £143 billion. Its upper market
capitalisation limit was £1.7 billion, although this limit changes owing to movements in the stockmarket. If any holding
no longer falls within this definition of a small company, its securities become candidates for sale.
Portfolio risk is spread by diversification of holdings in individual companies: the portfolio will usually have holdings in
over 80 small UK quoted companies. The Company may, at time of purchase, invest up to 15% of its assets in any one
security. However, in practice, each investment will typically be substantially less and, at market value, represent less
than 5% of the portfolio on an on-going basis.
The Company’s policy towards companies quoted on the Alternative Investment Market (“AIM”) generally precludes
investment, except either where an investee company moves from the “Main Market” to AIM (so as to avoid being a
forced seller) or where a company quoted on AIM has committed to move from AIM to the “Main Market” (so as to
enable investment before a full listing is obtained). The Company does not invest in any unquoted companies. Neither
does the Company invest in securities issued by other UK listed closed-ended investment funds except where they are
eligible to be included in the NSCI (XIC). In any event, the Company invests no more than 15% of total assets in other
listed closed-ended investment funds.
The Managers aim to keep the Company near fully invested in equities at all times and there is normally no attempt to
engage in market timing by holding high levels of liquidity. The Company may employ gearing. The Board, in conjunction
with the Managers, is responsible for determining the parameters for gearing. When considered appropriate, gearing is
used tactically in order to enhance returns.
The Board believes that small UK quoted companies continue to provide opportunities for positive total returns over the
long term. Any material changes to the Company’s investment objective and policy will be subject to Shareholder
approval.
Investment Strategy
The Managers adhere to a value investment philosophy. In practice, this approach utilises several valuation metrics,
recognising that flexibility is required when assessing businesses in different industries and that buyers of these
businesses may include other corporates as well as stockmarket investors. As a result of this philosophy, the Company’s
holdings are usually on more attractive valuations than the average for the NSCI (XIC). While there is good evidence that
a value approach within small UK quoted companies results in superior returns over the long term, there can be
extended periods when the value style is out of favour.
The Managers select companies for the portfolio on the basis of fundamental or “bottom-up” analysis. Analysis involves
scrutiny of businesses’ financial statements and assessment of their market positions. An important part of the process
is regular engagement with board members of prospective and existing investments. Holdings are sold typically when
their valuations reach targets determined by the Managers.
In order to improve the odds of achieving the investment objective, the Managers believe that the portfolio must be
adequately differentiated from the benchmark index. Therefore, within the diversification parameters described in
Investment Policy, the Managers regularly review the level of differentiation, with the aim of sustaining an active share
ratio for the portfolio of at least 70%.
Dividend Policy
The Board confirms its ambition to grow dividends in real terms. In addition, in order to qualify as an investment trust,
the Company must not retain more than 15% of its income from any financial year. The Company pays an interim
dividend in August each year based on the forecast net revenue position for the current financial year. A final dividend,
subject to shareholder approval, is then paid in March each year based on the actual net income for the financial year
just ended and the future earnings forecasts.
22 Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Directors’ Duty to Promote the Success of the Company
The Directors have a duty to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of Shareholders as a whole and to
describe how they have performed this duty having regard to section 172(1) of the Companies Act 2006. The Directors
have fulfilled this duty and taken decisions during the year in relation to the matters described below, having considered
the likely consequences of their actions over the long term and on other stakeholders.
Stakeholders – As an externally managed investment company, the Company does not have employees. Its main
stakeholders therefore comprise its Shareholders, who are also its customers, and a small number of suppliers. These
suppliers are external firms engaged by the Board to provide, amongst others, investment management, secretarial,
depositary, custodial and banking services. The principal relationship is with the Managers and page 28 contains further
information. Their investment management services are fundamental to the long term success of the Company through
the pursuit of the investment objective. The Board regularly monitors the Company’s investment performance in relation
to its objective and also to its investment policy and strategy. It seeks to maintain a constructive working relationship
with the Managers and on an annual basis reviews their continuing appointment to ensure it is in the best long term
interests of Shareholders. The Board receives and reviews detailed presentations and reports from the Managers and
other suppliers to enable the Directors to exercise effective oversight of the Company’s activities. Further information
on the Board’s review process is set out in the Corporate Governance Report. The Managers seek to maintain
constructive relationships with other suppliers on behalf of the Company, typically through regular communications,
provision of relevant information and update meetings.
Shareholder communications and engagement – To help the Board in its aim to act fairly as between the Company’s
members, the Board encourages communications with all Shareholders. The Annual and Interim reports are issued to
Shareholders and are available on the Managers’ website together with other relevant information including monthly
factsheets. The Managers offer to meet the larger Shareholders twice a year to provide detailed reports on the progress
of the Company and receive feedback, which is provided to the Board. Directors are also available to meet Shareholders
during the year and, in normal times, at the AGM. Shareholders’ views are considered as part of the Board’s regular
strategy reviews. Shareholders have the opportunity to validate the Board's strategy through a triennial vote on the
continuation of the Company and the Board encourages Shareholders to participate in this vote. The continuation vote
was put to Shareholders at the 2023 Annual General Meeting and was resoundingly supported.
Enhancing value – In seeking to enhance value for Shareholders over the long term, the Board has also established guidelines
to allow the Managers to deploy gearing on a tactical basis when opportunities arise and to implement share buy-backs. The
Company has a borrowing facility and in 2023 the Directors decided on the refinancing of the facility for a further three years
to June 2026. As described in the Chairman's Statement, part of it has been drawn down to take advantage of attractive
investment valuations. In addition, the Board remains committed to a progressive dividend policy, as reflected in the
dividends it decided upon and announced for the year.
Corporate Governance – As described in more detail within the Corporate Governance Report, the Board is committed to
maintaining and demonstrating high standards of corporate governance in relation to the Company’s business conduct.
Stewardship – The Board also expects good standards at the companies in which the Company is invested. In this regard,
it is satisfied that the Managers’ investment process incorporates regular consideration of investee companies’
governance structures and procedures. It is also encouraged that the Managers engage consistently and purposely with
the boards of investee companies on governance and other matters that are material to the investment case. These
activities are ultimately important to the long term success of the Company. Further information on Stewardship matters
is provided on pages 14 to 16.
Summary – In summary, the Board’s primary focus in promoting the long term success of the Company for the benefit
of its Shareholders as a whole is to direct the Company with a view to achieving the investment objective in a manner
consistent with its stated investment policy and strategy. In doing so, and as described above, it has due regard to the
impact of its actions on other stakeholders and the wider community.
Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 23
Principal Risks
The Board carefully considers the risks faced by the Company and seeks to manage these risks through continual review,
evaluation, mitigating controls and action as necessary. A risk matrix for the Company is maintained. It groups risks into the
following categories: portfolio management; investor relations; regulatory and legal; and financial reporting. Further
information regarding the Board’s governance oversight of risk and the context for risks can be found in the Corporate
Governance Report on page 35. The Audit Committee Report (pages 36 to 38) details the committee's review process,
matters considered, and actions taken on internal controls and risks during the year. The Audit Committee completed a
significant review and reassessment of the risk register in the year. This included assessing the risks and supporting
documentation, and enhancing the detailed risk register reporting. The Company outsources all the main operational
activities to recognised, well-established firms and the Board receives internal control reports from these firms, where
available, to review the effectiveness of their control frameworks.
Emerging risks are those that are still evolving, and are not fully understood, but that could have a future impact on the
Company. The Board regularly reviews them and, during the year, it added to the risk matrix the potential risks arising from
reduced market demand for UK listed companies and also the risks arising in the investment company sector from reduced
investor demand. The Board monitors these risks and how the Managers integrate such risks into their investment decision
making.
Principal risks are those risks in the matrix that have the highest ratings based on likelihood and impact. They tend to be
relatively consistent from year to year given the nature of the Company and its business. The principal risks faced by the
Company, together with the approach taken by the Board towards them, are summarised below. To indicate the extent to
which the principal risks change during the year and the level of monitoring required, each principal risk has been categorised
as either dynamic risk, requiring detailed monitoring as it can change regularly, or stable risk.
Investment strategy/performance risk
Risk–this is a portfolio management risk
Mitigation
The Company’s investment policy and strategy exposes
the portfolio to share price movements. The performance
of the investment portfolio typically differs from the
performance of the benchmark and is influenced by
investment strategy and policy, investment style, stock
selection, liquidity and market risk (see Market risk below
and Note 19 for further details). Investment in small
companies is generally perceived to carry more risk than
investment in large companies. While this is reasonable
when comparing individual companies, it is much less so
when comparing the risks inherent in diversified portfolios
of small and large companies.
The Board monitors performance against the investment
objective over the long term by ensuring the investment
portfolio is managed appropriately, in accordance with the
investment policy and strategy. The Board has outsourced
investment
portfolio management to experienced
managers with a clearly defined investment philosophy
and investment process. The Board receives regular and
detailed reports on investment performance including
detailed portfolio analysis, risk profile and attribution
analysis. Senior representatives of Aberforth Partners
attend each Board meeting. Peer group performance is
also regularly monitored by the Board. This remains a
dynamic risk, with detailed consideration during the year.
The Managers’ Report contains information on portfolio
investment performance and risk.
Market risk
Risk–this is a portfolio management risk
Mitigation
Investment performance is affected by external market
risk factors, including those creating uncertainty about
future price movements of investments, geo-political
stability and economic conditions. The Board delegates
consideration of market risk to the Managers to be carried
out as part of the investment process.
The Managers regularly assess the exposure to market risk
when making investment decisions and the Board monitors
the results via the Managers’ quarterly and other reporting.
The Board and Managers closely monitor significant
economic and political developments including the
potential effects of climate change (see pages 14 to 16).
This remained a dynamic risk during the year, in which the
Managers reported on market risks including inflation,
energy security, recession and other geopolitical issues as
addressed in the Managers’ Report.
24 Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Principal Risks
Share price discount
Risk–this is an investor relations risk
Investment trust shares tend to trade at discounts to their
underlying net asset values, but a significant share price
discount, related volatility, or a discount significantly
beyond peers’, could reduce shareholder returns and
confidence.
Mitigation
The Board and the Managers monitor the discount daily,
both in absolute terms and relative to ASCoT’s peers. In
this context, the Board intends to continue to use the buy-
back authority as described in the Directors’ Report. This
is considered a dynamic risk as the discount moves daily.
The Board discussed with the Managers a detailed
analysis and assessment of this risk during the year.
Gearing risk
Risk–this is a portfolio management risk
Mitigation
investment
Tactical gearing can negatively affect
performance. In rising markets, gearing enhances returns,
but in falling markets it reduces returns to shareholders.
The Board and the Managers have specifically considered
the gearing strategy and associated risks during the year.
At present this is a dynamic risk as the Company’s tactical
gearing facility is partially deployed.
Reputational risk
Risk–this is an investor relations risk
The risk of an event damaging the Company's reputation
and shareholder demand. The reputation of the Company
is
the confidence of
shareholders.
in maintaining
important
Regulatory risk
Risk–this is a regulatory and legal risk
Failure to comply with applicable legal, tax and regulatory
requirements could lead to suspension of the Company’s
share price listing, financial penalties or a qualified audit
report. A breach of Section 1158 of the Corporation Tax
Act 2010 could lead to the Company losing investment
trust status and, as a consequence, any capital gains
would then be subject to capital gains tax.
Mitigation
The Board and the Managers regularly monitor factors
that may affect the reputation of the Company and/or of
its main service providers and take action if appropriate.
The Board reviews relevant internal control reporting for
critical outsourced service providers. This has been
monitored as a stable risk.
Mitigation
The Board receives quarterly compliance reports from the
Secretaries to evidence compliance with rules and
regulations, together with
information on future
developments. This is a stable risk.
Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 25
Viability Statement
The Directors have assessed the viability of the Company over the five years to December 2028, taking account of the
Company’s position, its investment strategy, and the potential impact of the principal risks detailed on pages 24 and 25.
Based on this assessment, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company will meet its liabilities as they
fall due and be able to continue in operation, notwithstanding that the Company's shareholders vote on the continuation
of the Company every three years with the next vote at the AGM in 2026.
In making this assessment, the Directors took comfort from the results of a series of stress tests, which considered the
impact of severe market downturn scenarios on the Company’s financial position and, in particular, its ability to settle
projected liabilities of the Company as they fall due and to adhere to borrowing covenants (see note 13 on page 57).
Portfolio liquidity modelling was conducted to identify values that could be liquidated within different time periods. The
Company invests in companies listed and actively traded on the London Stock Exchange and, whilst less liquid than larger
quoted companies, the portfolio is well diversified by both number of holdings and industry sector. The Directors
determined that the five years to December 2028 is an appropriate period for which to provide this statement given the
Company’s long term investment objective, the simplicity of the business model, the resilience demonstrated by the
stress testing, and the relatively low working capital requirements.
Other Information
Board Diversity
The Board’s diversity policy and information on Board diversity, including in relation to FCA Listing Rules and targets, is
set out on page 34.
Environmental, Human Rights, Employee, Social and Community Issues
The requirement to detail information about environmental matters, human rights, social and community issues does
not apply to the Company as it has no employees, all Directors are non-executive and it has outsourced its functions to
third party service providers. The Company’s and the Managers’ approaches to environmental, social and governance
matters is set out on pages 14 to 16.
Strategic Report
The Strategic Report, contained on pages 1 to 26, has been prepared by the Directors in accordance with Section 414 of the
Companies Act 2006 and has been approved by the Board of Directors on 31 January 2024 and signed on its behalf by:
Richard Davidson,
Chairman
26 Strategic Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Governance Report
Board of Directors
Richard Davidson, Chairman
Appointed: 26 January 2019
Shareholding in the Company: 37,000 Ordinary Shares
Richard is Chair of MIGO Opportunities Trust plc and Foresight Sustainable Forestry Company plc. He is also Chair of the
University of Edinburgh’s Investment Committee. Formerly, he was a Partner and Manager of the Macro Fund at
Lansdowne Partners. Prior to that, he was a Managing Director and No.1 ranked investment strategist at Morgan
Stanley, where he worked for 15 years. Since 2003, Richard has also been heavily involved in forestry investment and
management.
2
Jaz Bains
Appointed: 10 October 2022
Shareholding in the Company: 1,030 Ordinary Shares and is a member of the Audit Committee
Jaz has worked in the energy sector for over 30 years. In 2013 he helped set up and launch The Renewables Infrastructure
Group (‘TRIG’), now a FTSE 250 listed investment company, and until 31 January 2024 he was responsible for leading the
Operations Manager function of TRIG. He is also a non-executive director and senior independent director for the Jupiter
Green Investment Trust Plc.
Patricia Dimond
Appointed: 3 March 2022
Shareholding in the Company: 10,008 Ordinary Shares and chairs the Audit Committee
Patricia is a non-executive director and chair of audit of Hilton Food Group plc and of Foresight VCT Plc. She is a trustee
and chair of audit of the English National Opera and the National Academy for Social Prescribing. She has had an
international career with over 30 years in the consumer, retail and financial sectors. As an industry executive or strategic
advisor she has worked with FTSE 100, Private Equity and Founder/owner managed companies with a focus on finance,
strategy and corporate governance. She is a McKinsey & Company alumna, CFA charter holder, has an MBA from IMD
Switzerland and qualified as a chartered accountant with Deloitte, Haskins & Sells.
Victoria Stewart
Appointed: 1 September 2020
Shareholding in the Company: 4,200 Ordinary Shares and is a member of the Audit Committee
Victoria spent twenty two years as a fund manager, mostly with Royal London Asset Management. She was the sole
manager of the Royal London UK Smaller Companies Fund from its inception in 2007, leaving in 2016 and taking up a
non-executive director role with Secure Trust Bank PLC where she is chair of the remuneration committee. Victoria has
considerable experience of managing and investing in various investment vehicles and mid and small-cap listed
companies and has a strong working knowledge of performance analysis and corporate governance. Victoria is also a
non-executive director of Artemis Alpha Fund plc and JPMorgan Claverhouse Investment Trust plc.
Martin Warner
Appointed: 1 March 2018
Shareholding in the Company: 7,000 Ordinary Shares
Martin co-founded Michelmersh Brick Holdings plc in 1997 and served as Chief Executive and subsequently non-
executive Chairman from May 2017. Martin is a Fellow of the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors and is Chairman of
the Brick Development Association.
Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 27
Directors’ Report
The Directors submit their Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2023.
Directors
The Directors of the Company during the financial year are listed on page 40. Further information about the Board can
be found in the Corporate Governance Report, which forms part of this Directors’ Report.
It is the responsibility of the Board to ensure that there is effective stewardship of the Company’s affairs. In common
with the majority of investment trusts, the Company has neither executive directors nor any employees. However, the
Board has engaged external firms to undertake the investment management, secretarial, depositary and custodial
activities of the Company.
Objective, Investment Policy, Investment Strategy, Dividend Policy and Risks
These are explained fully in the Strategic Report.
Return and Dividends
The total return attributable to shareholders for the year ended 31 December 2023 amounted to a profit of £99,044,000
(2022: loss of £156,692,000). The Net Asset Value per Ordinary Share at 31 December 2023 was 1,536.73p (2022:
1,465.67p).
Your Board is pleased to declare a final dividend of 28.55p and a special dividend of 9.00p (total of £31,698,000), which
produces total dividends for the year of 50.50p (total of £42,660,000). The final and special dividends, subject to Shareholder
approval, will be paid on 8 March 2024 to Shareholders on the register at the close of business on 9 February 2024.
Investment Managers
Aberforth Partners LLP (the firm, Managers or Aberforth) act as Alternative Investment Fund Manager and Secretaries
to the Company. The business was established in 1990 to provide institutional and wholesale investors with a high level
of resources focused exclusively on small UK quoted companies and deployed in accordance with a value investment
philosophy.
At 31 December 2023, funds under management were £2.0 billion, of which 79% was represented by investment trusts,
7% by a unit trust and 14% by segregated charity funds. All these funds are managed in line with the value philosophy
applied to the Company’s portfolio. The Managers believe that diseconomies of scale come with managing too much
money within an asset class such as small UK quoted companies. Accordingly, they impose a ceiling on funds under
management, which in normal circumstances would be equivalent to 1.5% of the total market capitalisation of the NSCI
(XIC) benchmark. Consistent with this, capacity at 31 December 2023 was circa £220 million of funds under management.
The firm is wholly owned by six partners – five Investment Partners and an Operations Partner, who is responsible for
the firm’s administration. The investment team comprised the five Investment Partners and two investment managers.
Analytical responsibilities are divided by stockmarket sector among the investment team, but investment decisions and
portfolio management are undertaken on a collegiate basis by the full team. The investment managers are remunerated
on the basis of the success of the firm and its funds as a whole. Alignment with the Company’s Shareholders is further
enhanced by the team’s meaningful personal investments in ASCoT's shares.
These investment management services can be terminated by either party at any time by giving six months’ notice of
termination. Compensation would be payable in respect of this six month period only if termination were to occur
sooner. Aberforth receives an annual management fee, payable quarterly in advance, equal to 0.75% of the net assets
up to £1 billion, and 0.65% thereafter. The management fee amounted to £8,933,000 in the year ended 31 December
2023 (2022: £9,368,000).
The secretarial fee amounted to £110,200 (excluding VAT) during 2023 (2022: £96,700). It is adjusted annually in line with
the Consumer Price Index (until 1 January 2024, the Retail Prices Index was used) and is subject to VAT, which is currently
irrecoverable by the Company.
The Board reviews the Company’s investment management and secretarial arrangements on an on-going basis and
formally at its October meeting, for which each Director completes a Managers’ Evaluation questionnaire. The Board
then considers the results of the questionnaire and discusses the following matters, amongst others, in its review:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Following the most recent review, the Board was of the opinion that the continued appointment of Aberforth as
investment managers, on the terms agreed, remains in the best interests of Shareholders.
investment performance in relation to the investment objective, policy and strategy;
the continuity and quality of personnel managing the assets;
the level of the management fee;
the quality of reporting to the Board;
the alignment of interests between the Managers and the Company’s Shareholders;
the administrative services provided by the Secretaries; and
the level of satisfaction of major Shareholders with the Managers.
28 Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Directors’ Report
Consumer Duty
The Company is not subject to the FCA's Consumer Duty Regulations. However, Aberforth, as ASCoT's product
manufacturer and Alternative Investment Fund Manager, must comply and communicates compliance to product
distributors via the European MiFID Template reporting standard. During the year, Aberforth provided the Board with
regular compliance updates, its value assessment report and supporting papers. The Board also assessed the Company’s
relevant costs and services. The Board considered and is satisfied with the value assessment report. Additionally, in its
monitoring of consumer outcomes to ensure their consistency with Consumer Duty, the Board is satisfied that the value
provided to retail investors is fair and is in line with the Company’s stated objectives and investment philosophy.
holding or controlling all assets of the Company that are entrusted to it for safekeeping;
cash monitoring and verifying the Company’s cash flows; and
oversight of the Company and the Managers.
Depositary
NatWest Trustee & Depositary Services Limited carry out the duties of Depositary as specified in the Alternative
Investment Fund Managers (AIFM) Directive in relation to the Company, including:
•
•
•
In carrying out such duties, the Depositary acts in the best interests of the Shareholders of the Company. The Depositary
is contractually liable to the Company for the loss of any securities entrusted to it. The Depositary is also liable to the
Company for all other losses suffered as a result of the Depositary’s fraud, negligence and/or failure to fulfil its duties
properly.
NatWest Trustee & Depositary Services Limited receive an annual fee, payable quarterly in arrears, of 0.0085% of the net
assets of the Company, being £125,000 for the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: £124,000) and their appointment
may be terminated at any time by giving at least six months’ notice. A Depositary may only be removed from office when
a new Depositary is appointed by the Company.
Capital Structure and Share Buy-Backs
At 31 December 2023, the Company’s authorised share capital consisted of 333,299,254 Ordinary Shares of 1p of which
84,414,605 were issued and fully paid. During the year, 930,000 shares (1.1% of the Company’s issued share capital with
a nominal value of £9,300) were bought back and cancelled at a total cost of £11,641,000. No shares are held in treasury.
Share buy-backs may succeed in narrowing the discount between the Company’s share price and net asset value per
share (NAV) or in limiting its volatility, but their influence is inevitably subject to broader stockmarket conditions.
Irrespective of their effect on the discount, buy-backs at the margin provide an increase in liquidity for those
Shareholders seeking to crystallise their investment and at the same time deliver an economic uplift for those
Shareholders wishing to remain invested in the Company. Accordingly, it is the intention to continue to use the share
purchase facility within guidelines established from time to time by the Board.
Continuation of the Company
The Company has no fixed duration. However, in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association, Shareholders
are asked every three years to vote on the continuation of the Company and an ordinary resolution will be proposed at
the Annual General Meeting to be held in March 2026. If such resolution is not passed, the Directors will prepare and
submit to Shareholders (for approval by special resolution) proposals for the unitisation or appropriate reconstruction of
the Company. In putting forward such proposals the Directors will seek, inter alia, to provide Shareholders with a means
whereby they can defer any liability to capital gains tax on their investment at that time. If such proposals are not
approved, Shareholders will, within 180 days of the relevant Annual General Meeting, have the opportunity of passing
an ordinary resolution requiring the Company to be wound up. On a winding-up, after meeting the liabilities of the
Company, the surplus assets will be paid to the holders of Ordinary Shares and distributed, pro rata, among such holders.
Going Concern
The Audit Committee has undertaken and documented an assessment of whether the Company is a going concern for
the period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of the financial statements. The Committee reported the
results of its assessment to the Board.
The Company’s business activities, capital structure and borrowing facilities, together with the factors likely to affect its
development and performance, are set out in the Strategic Report. In addition, the Annual Report includes the
Company’s objectives, policies and processes for managing its capital and financial risk, along with details of its financial
instruments and its exposures to credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s assets comprise mainly readily realisable
Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 29
Directors’ Report
equity securities and funding flexibility can typically be achieved through the use of the borrowing facilities, which are
described in notes 12 and 13 to the financial statements. The Company has adequate financial resources to enable it to
meet its day-to-day working capital requirements.
In summary and taking into consideration all available information, the Directors have concluded it is appropriate to
continue to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis.
Voting Rights of Shareholders
At Shareholder meetings and on a show of hands, every Shareholder present in person or by proxy has one vote. On a
poll, every Shareholder present in person has one vote for each share he/she holds and a proxy has one vote for every
share in respect of which he/she is appointed.
The Board is pleased to offer electronic proxy voting, including CREST voting capabilities. Further details can be found in
the Notice of the AGM.
Notifiable Share Interests
The Board has received notifications of the following interests in the voting rights of the Company as at 31 December
2023 and 31 January 2024. The total number of voting rights amounted to 84,414,605 at 31 December 2023. Since 31
December 2023, 30,000 shares have been bought back and cancelled and therefore the total number of voting rights at
31 January 2024 amounted to 84,384,605.
Notified interests
Rathbones Investment Management Ltd
Brewin Dolphin Limited
Allspring Global Investments Holdings, LLC
IntegraFin Holdings plc (Transact Nominees)
Percentage
of Voting
Rights Held
11.0%
10.6%
4.9%
3.0%
Annual General Meeting
The AGM will be held on 5 March 2024 at 10.30 a.m. at 14 Melville Street, Edinburgh EH3 7NS. Shareholders are
encouraged to submit their votes by proxy in advance of the meeting. The Notice of the Meeting and explanatory notes
are set out on pages 62 and 63. As described on page 39, a resolution will be proposed at the AGM to increase the annual
limit on aggregate Directors' fees.The following special resolution will be proposed at the AGM.
Purchase of Own Shares (Special Resolution)
The current authority of the Company to make market purchases of up to 14.99% of the issued Ordinary Shares of the
Company expires at the end of the AGM. Resolution 12, as set out in the Notice of the AGM, seeks renewal of such
authority until the AGM in 2025. The price paid for shares will not be less than the nominal value of 1p per share and the
maximum price shall be the higher of (i) 105% of the average of the middle market quotations for the shares for the five
business days immediately preceding the date of purchase and (ii) the higher of the price of the last independent trade
and the highest current independent bid on the trading venue where the purchase is carried out. This authority, if
conferred, will be used as described on page 29 and only if to do so would be in the best interests of Shareholders
generally. Any shares purchased under the authority will be automatically cancelled, rather than being held in treasury,
thereby reducing the Company’s issued share capital. There are no outstanding options or warrants to subscribe for
equity shares in the capital of the Company.
Directors’ Recommendation
The Directors consider each resolution being proposed at the AGM to be in the best interests of Shareholders as a whole
and they unanimously recommend that all Shareholders vote in favour of them, as they intend to do so in respect of their
own beneficial shareholdings.
30 Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Directors’ Report
Additional information in respect of the Companies Act 2006
The following information is disclosed in accordance with Section 992 of the Companies Act 2006.
•
• Details of the substantial shareholders in the Company are listed above.
•
The Company’s capital structure and voting rights are summarised on pages 29 and 30.
The rules concerning the appointment and replacement of Directors are contained in the Company’s Articles of
Association and are discussed on pages 32 and 33.
Amendment of the Company’s Articles of Association and powers to issue shares on a non pre-emptive basis or buy
back the Company’s shares requires a special resolution to be passed by shareholders.
There are no restrictions concerning the transfer of securities in the Company; no special rights with regard to
control attached to securities; no agreements between holders of securities regarding their transfer known to the
Company; and no agreements to which the Company is party that might affect its control following a takeover bid.
There are no agreements between the Company and its Directors concerning compensation for loss of office.
•
•
•
Bribery Act 2010
The Company does not tolerate bribery and is committed to carrying out business fairly, honestly and openly. Aberforth
Partners LLP, the Company’s Investment Managers, have confirmed that anti-bribery policies and procedures are in place
and they do not tolerate bribery.
Modern Slavery Statement
The Company is not within scope of the Modern Slavery Act 2015 and is not, therefore, obliged to make a human
trafficking statement. The Company has no employees and its supply chain consists mainly of professional advisers so is
considered to be low risk in relation to this matter.
Criminal Finances Act 2017
The Company does not tolerate the criminal facilitation of tax evasion.
Post Balance Sheet Events
Since 31 December 2023, there are no post balance sheet events that would require adjustment of or disclosure in the
financial statements.
Independent Auditor
Johnston Carmichael LLP has expressed its willingness to continue in office as auditor and a resolution proposing its re-
appointment will be put to the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.
Disclosure of Information to Auditor
The Directors who held office at the date of approval of this Directors’ Report confirm that, so far as they are each aware,
there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s Auditor is unaware. They also confirm that each Director
has taken all steps that they ought to have taken as a Director to make themselves aware of any relevant audit
information, and to establish that the Company’s Auditor is aware of that information.
Future Developments
The future success of the Company is dependent primarily on the performance of its investments. Although the Company
invests in companies that are listed or quoted in the United Kingdom, the underlying businesses of those companies are
affected by various economic factors, many of an international nature. The Board’s intention is that the Company will
continue to pursue its investment objective and the stated investment strategy and policy.
Approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors
Richard Davidson
Chairman
31 January 2024
Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 31
Corporate Governance Report
Introduction
The Board is committed to maintaining and demonstrating high standards of corporate governance. The Board has
considered the principles and provisions of the Association of Investment Companies Code of Corporate Governance
(“the AIC Code”). The AIC Code addresses all the principles and provisions set out in the UK Corporate Governance Code,
which applies for the year ended 31 December 2023, as well as setting out additional principles and provisions on issues
that are of specific relevance to investment trusts. The Board considers that reporting in accordance with the principles
and provisions of the AIC Code provides more relevant and comprehensive information to shareholders. The AIC Code is
available on the AIC website at www.theaic.co.uk. This report forms part of the Directors’ Report on pages 28 to 31.
Compliance
Throughout the year ended 31 December 2023 the Company complied with the recommendations of the AIC Code
except, as explained below, where the Company does not believe it appropriate to comply.
The Board, being small in size and composed entirely of independent non-executive Directors, has not appointed a
Remuneration or a Nomination Committee. Directors’ fees and the appointment of new Directors are considered by the
Board as a whole. The Board also decided not to nominate a Deputy Chairman or a Senior Independent Director,
although the Chair of the Audit Committee fulfilled this role when necessary, for example in taking the lead in the annual
evaluation of the Chairman.
The UK Corporate Governance Code includes provisions relating to the role of the chief executive, executive Directors’
remuneration and the need for an internal audit function. For reasons set out in the AIC Code, the Board considers these
provisions are not relevant to the Company as it is an externally managed investment company. In particular, all of the
Company’s day-to-day management and administrative functions are outsourced to third parties. As a result, the
Company has no executive Directors, employees or internal operations. The Company has therefore not reported further
in respect of these provisions.
As set out in the Chairman's Statement, with effect from 1 February 2024, the Board formalised the appointment of
Patricia Dimond as Senior Independent Director and appointed Martin Warner to the Audit Committee.
The Board
The Board is responsible for the effective stewardship of the Company’s affairs. Strategic issues and all operational
matters of a material nature are considered at its meetings. At 31 December 2023, the Board comprised five non-
executive Directors, of whom Richard Davidson is Chairman. A formal schedule of matters reserved for decision by the
Board has been adopted. The Board has engaged external firms to provide investment management, secretarial,
depositary and custodial services. Contractual arrangements are in place between the Company and these firms.
The Board carefully considers the various guidelines for determining the independence of non-executive Directors, placing
particular weight on the view that independence is evidenced by an individual being independent of mind, character and
judgement. All Directors are presently considered to be independent. All Directors retire at the AGM each year and, if
appropriate and continuing, seek re-election. Each Director has signed a letter of appointment to formalise the terms of
their engagement as a non-executive Director, copies of which are available on request and at the AGM.
Meetings
The Board meets at least quarterly to review the overall business of the Company and to consider the matters specifically
reserved for it. Detailed information is provided by the Managers and Secretaries for these meetings and additionally at
regular intervals to enable the Directors to monitor compliance with the investment objective and the Company’s
investment performance compared with its benchmark index. The Directors also review several important areas
including:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
the stockmarket environment;
the Company’s investment activity over the quarter relative to its investment policy;
performance in relation to comparable investment trusts and open-ended funds;
the revenue account, balance sheet and gearing position;
share price discount (both absolute levels and volatility);
shareholder register (including significant changes);
regulatory matters; and
relevant industry issues.
The Board also holds an annual strategy session to consider, amongst other matters, the Company’s objective and
investment strategy.
32 Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Corporate Governance Report
Annual Plan
The following highlights various additional matters considered by the Board during the past year.
January
March/April
July
October
Consider Final
Dividend
Approval of the
Annual Report
Shareholder
Communication
Consider Interim
Dividend
Approval of Half
Yearly Report
Internal Control
Review
Review of
Gearing
Review of
significant
interests
Annual Strategy
Review
Review Managers’
continued
appointment and
remuneration
Detailed review of
Investment Trust
Peer Group
Corporate
Governance Review
including the
Managers’ policy on
stewardship
Board &
Committee
Evaluation
Review of
Directors’ Fees
The following table sets out the Directors of the Company during the financial year, together with the number of Board
and Committee meetings held and the number of meetings attended by each Director (whilst a Director or Committee
member). Directors who are not members of the Audit Committee were invited to be present at meetings of the Audit
Committee.
Board
Director Eligible to attend Attended Eligible to attend Attended
Audit Committee
Richard Davidson, Chairman 5 5 – –
Jaz Bains 5 5 2 2
Julia Le Blan (retired 2 March 2023) 2 2 1 1
Patricia Dimond 5 5 3 3
Victoria Stewart 5 5 3 3
Martin Warner 5 5 – –
There has been no change to the Directors between 31 December 2023 and 31 January 2024.
Appointments to the Board
The Board regularly reviews its composition, having regard to the Board’s structure and to the present and future needs
of the Company. The Board takes into account its diversity, the balance of expertise and skills brought by individual
Directors, and length of service, where continuity and experience can add significantly to the strength of the Board.
The Board believes in the benefits of having a diverse range of experience, skills, length of service and backgrounds. The
Board is also of the view that length of service will not necessarily compromise the independence or contribution of
directors of an investment trust company. Continuity and experience can add significantly to the strength of the Board
especially in times of market turbulence. Nevertheless, the Board’s policy is that in normal circumstances the Chairman and
Directors are expected to serve for a nine-year term, though this may be adjusted for reasons of flexibility.
Board Diversity Policy and Information
The Board’s policy for the appointment of non-executive directors reflects its belief in the benefits of having a diverse range
of experience, skills, length of service and backgrounds. The policy is always to seek to appoint the best person for the job. In
pursuing this policy, the Board actively promotes equality and fairness and does not discriminate on the grounds of gender,
race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, age, physical ability or socio-economic backgrounds. The overriding aim of the
policy is to seek to ensure that the Board and its committees are composed of the best combination of people to promote the
success of the Company for Shareholders over the long term. The current Directors have a range of relevant business, financial
and asset management skills and experience. Brief biographical details of the members of the Board are shown on page 27.
Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 33
Corporate Governance Report
The Company meets the diversity targets set out in the FCA's Listing Rules as at 31 December 2023 and there have been no
changes since that date that have affected the Company’s ability to meet them. In respect of gender representation, the
FCA's Listing Rules target that at least 40% of individuals on a board are women and at least one of the senior board
positions is held by a woman. The FCA's Listing Rules also target that at least one individual on a board is from a minority
ethnic background.
Number of senior
Board Gender Number of Percentage of positions on the Board
as at 31 December 2023 Board members the Board (CEO, CFO, SID, Chair)
Men 3 60.0%
Not applicable–
see explanation below
Women 2 40.0%
Number of senior
Board Ethnic Background Number of Percentage of positions on the Board
as at 31 December 2023 Board members the Board (CEO, CFO, SID, Chair)
White British or other White
(including minority White groups)
4 80.0%
Not applicable–
see explanation below
Minority Ethnic (see below) 1 20.0%
The column in the tables above relating to senior positions is inapplicable as the Company is externally managed and does
not have executive functions, specifically it does not have a CEO or CFO. The chair of the Board is a man. However, the
Company considers that the chair of the Audit Committee, which also fulfils the role of Senior Independent Director where
necessary, is a senior role in an investment trust context. The position of chair of the Audit Committee is held by a woman.
As the Company has no executive directors or management, it has not provided diversity information on executive
management. Minority Ethnic includes categories for: Asian/Asian British; Black/African/Caribbean/Black British; Mixed/
Multiple Ethnic Groups; and Other Ethnic Groups, including Arab.
The diversity data included above were obtained from individual Directors using a survey tool.
Board performance and re-appointment of Directors
The Board undertakes a formal annual assessment of Directors and their collective performance on a range of issues
including the Board’s role, processes and interaction with the Managers. This internal review of the Board and the Audit
Committee was conducted by way of an evaluation questionnaire, the results of which were discussed by the Directors in
October 2023, providing valuable feedback for improving Board effectiveness and highlighting areas for further
development. The appraisal of the Chairman of the Board was led by the Chair of the Audit Committee.
The Board has agreed to utilise external facilitators every three years and the last external evaluation was carried out in
2022.
In line with the Board’s policy, all continuing Directors offer themselves for re-election at the forthcoming AGM. The Board
believes that each Director continues to be effective, bringing a wealth of knowledge and experience to the Board, and the
Chairman recommends their re-election to Shareholders.
Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance
The Company maintains appropriate insurance cover in respect of legal action against its Directors. The Company has
also entered into qualifying third party deeds of indemnity with each Director to cover any liabilities that may arise to a
third party, other than the Company, for negligence, default or breach of trust or duty. The deeds were in force during
the year to 31 December 2023 and up to the date of approval of this report. The Directors are not indemnified in respect
of liabilities to the Company or costs incurred in connection with criminal proceedings in which the Director is convicted
or required to pay any regulatory or criminal fines.
Training and Advice
New Directors are provided with an induction programme that is tailored to the particular requirements of the
appointee. Thereafter regular briefings are provided on changes in regulatory requirements that affect the Company.
Directors are also encouraged to attend industry and other seminars. Directors, in the furtherance of their duties, may
also seek independent professional advice at the expense of the Company. No Director took such advice during the
financial year under review.
34 Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Corporate Governance Report
All Directors have access to the advice and services of the Company’s Secretaries, Aberforth Partners LLP, who are
responsible to the Board for ensuring that Board procedures are followed and that applicable rules and regulations are
complied with. The Company Secretaries are also responsible for advising the Board through the Chairman on all
governance matters.
Conflicts of Interest
Company directors have a statutory obligation to avoid a situation in which they (and connected persons) have, or can have,
a direct or indirect interest that conflicts, or may possibly conflict, with the interests of the Company. The Board has in place
procedures for managing any actual or potential conflicts of interest. No interests conflicting with those of the Company
arose during the year under review.
Risk Management and Internal Control
The Board has overall responsibility for the Company’s risk management and internal control systems and for reviewing
their effectiveness. The Company applies the guidance published by the Financial Reporting Council on internal controls.
Internal control systems are designed to manage, rather than eliminate, the risk of failure to achieve the business objective
and can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. These controls aim to
ensure that the assets of the Company are safeguarded, that proper accounting records are maintained and that the
Company’s financial information is reliable. Further information on risk management and internal control is contained on
pages 36 to 38. The Directors have not identified any significant factors or weaknesses in respect of the Company's internal
control systems.
Relations with Shareholders
The Board places great importance on communication with Shareholders. Directors of the Company are available to meet
with any Shareholder on request. The Managers meet the larger Shareholders twice a year to provide them with a detailed
report on the progress of the Company and to receive feedback. The Board receives reports from the Managers on these
Shareholder meetings. The Shareholder presentation is published on the Managers' website. Furthermore, following
publication of the Annual Report, the Chairman emails the largest Shareholders inviting questions on all aspects concerning
the Company. The Directors may be contacted via the Secretaries whose details are shown on the back cover or through
the Chairman’s email address, richard.davidson@aberforth.co.uk.
All Shareholders have the opportunity to vote at and in normal circumstances attend the AGM where the Directors and
Managers are available to discuss important issues affecting the Company. Proxy voting figures are available at the AGM
and on the Managers’ website shortly thereafter. In addition to the annual and half yearly reports, the Company’s
performance, daily Net Asset Values, monthly factsheets and other relevant information are published at
www.aberforth.co.uk.
By Order of the Board
Richard Davidson
Chairman
31 January 2024
Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 35
Audit Committee Report
The Committee members are all independent non-executive directors who have been selected by the Board to fulfil
the Committee’s duties based upon their range of financial and commercial expertise. The Committee members during
the year were Patricia Dimond (appointed Chair on 2 March 2023), Jaz Bains (appointed on 2 March 2023), Victoria
Stewart and Julia Le Blan who retired as Chair and a member of the Committee on 2 March 2023. The current members’
biographies can be found on page 27. Each member of the Committee has recent and relevant financial experience and
the Committee as a whole has competence relevant to the sector in which the Company operates.
Principal Objective
The objective of the Committee is to provide assurance to the Board as to the effectiveness of the Company’s internal
controls and the integrity of its financial records and externally published results. The Committee operates within terms
of reference that have been agreed by the Board. These are reviewed annually and are available upon request.
Principal Responsibilities
The Committee has been given the following responsibilities:
•
reviewing the Company’s internal financial controls and risk management systems, identifying principal risks and
monitoring the mitigating controls that have been established;
• monitoring compliance with the relevant statutory, regulatory and taxation requirements for a UK based
investment trust that is listed on the London Stock Exchange;
reviewing the Company’s annual and interim financial statements and any formal announcements on the
Company’s financial performance, the accounting policies adopted and the main judgemental areas;
ensuring that the Annual Report, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable;
agreeing the external auditor’s terms of appointment and remuneration, determining the independence and
objectivity of the auditor, assessing the effectiveness of the audit and conducting audit tenders;
considering whether it is appropriate for certain non-audit services to be carried out by the auditor and reviewing
the need for an internal audit function; and
assessing the going concern and viability of the Company, including assumptions used.
•
•
•
•
•
The Chair reports formally to the Board on the Committee’s proceedings after each meeting. To assist with the various
duties of the Committee, a meeting plan has been adopted and is reviewed annually. The latest version is shown below.
Audit Committee Annual Plan
January
April
July
October
Annual Report
including judgemental
areas, going concern,
viability statement,
letter of
representation,
expense analysis and
Annual Report
announcement
Custodian’s
Controls Report
update
Investment Trust
Status
Key Risks of the
Company
Meetings to be
called if required
Provision of non-
audit services,
including taxation
compliance services
Basis of
Management Fee
allocation (every
three years)
Audit meeting/
evaluation of the
audit including
auditor
independence
Half Yearly Report
including
judgemental areas,
going concern,
expense analysis and
Half Yearly Report
announcement
Key Risks of the
Company
Investment Trust
Status
Corporate
Governance
Compliance
Evaluation of the
Committee
Key Risks of the
Company
Investment Trust
Status
Audit Fees
Committee’s
Terms of Reference
Audit Committee
Plan
Auditor Plan,
together with the
Terms of
Engagement
Cyber Security
Measures (Aberforth
Partners)
Internal Controls
Review including
reports from the
Managers and other
third parties
Review of new
developments and
training for the
Audit Committee
Risk Management and Internal Control
The Directors have a robust process for identifying, evaluating and managing the significant risks faced by the Company,
which are recorded in a risk matrix. As part of its risk process, the Audit Committee seeks to identify emerging risks to ensure
that they are effectively managed as they develop and are recorded in the risk matrix. The Audit Committee considers each
risk in the matrix as well as reviewing the mitigating controls in place. Each risk is rated for its “likelihood” and “impact” and
the resultant numerical rating determines its ranking into High, Medium or Low Risk. The principal risks faced by the
Company and the Board’s approach to managing these risks are set out on pages 24 and 25. This process was in operation
during the year and continues in place up to the date of this report. It principally involves the Audit Committee receiving and
examining regular reports from the main service providers. Further information on risk management and internal control is
contained on page 38. The Audit Committee has not identified any significant failures or weaknesses in respect of the
Company’s internal control systems.
36 Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Audit Committee Report
Meetings
Typically three meetings are held each year as highlighted in the Audit Committee Annual Plan. Representatives of
Aberforth Partners LLP, who provide the Company with secretarial services, attend all of the meetings. The external
auditor attends the meetings in January and October.
During the year to 31 December 2023 the Committee focused on the areas described below.
Matters Considered and Action taken by the Committee
Financial Reporting
In July 2023, the Committee focused on the preparation and content of the Half Yearly Report, including supporting
documentation from the Secretaries. The Half Yearly Report was not audited, as is customary for investment trusts.
In January 2024, the Committee received a report and supporting presentation from the external auditor on its audit
of the financial statements for the year to 31 December 2023. In addition, the Secretaries reported on the
preparation of the financial results and other relevant matters. The Committee considered these reports in detail and
took further comfort from the internal control and risks review covered below. The Chair of the Committee had
discussed the outcome of the audit process and the Annual Report with the audit partner without representatives of
Aberforth Partners being present. As part of its review of the financial statements, the Committee considered the
following significant issues.
Significant Issue
Ownership and valuation of
the investment portfolio as
at 31 December 2023
How the issue was addressed
The Committee reviewed the Managers’ control framework, which includes
controls over valuation and ownership of investments. The appointed Depositary
is responsible for holding and controlling all assets of the Company entrusted for
safekeeping. Ownership of investments is verified through reconciliations by the
Managers to Custodian records. The Committee reviewed internal control
reports from the Company’s Custodian. The valuation of the portfolio is
undertaken in accordance with the accounting policy for investments as stated in
Note 1 to the financial statements.
Revenue recognition including
dividend completeness and the
accounting treatment of
special dividends
The Committee reviewed the Managers’ control framework, which includes
controls over revenue recognition. The Committee reviewed actual and forecast
revenue entitlement at each meeting. The accounting treatment of all special
dividends was reviewed by the Committee and the external auditor.
Investment Trust Status
Calculation of
management fees
The Committee confirmed the position of the Company in respect of compliance
with investment trust status at each meeting with reference to a checklist prepared
by the Secretaries. The position is also assessed by the external auditor as part of the
audit process.
The Committee reviewed the Managers’ control framework, which includes
controls over expenses, including management fees. The Committee reviewed
management fees payable to the Managers. The external auditor tested the
management fees as part of its audit.
The Committee read and discussed this Annual Report and concluded that it is fair, balanced and understandable. It
provides the information necessary for Shareholders to assess the Company’s performance, objective and strategy.
Accordingly, the Committee recommended to the Board that the financial statements be approved for publication.
Going Concern and Viability
The Committee received reports on going concern from the Secretaries in July 2023 and January 2024. The content
of the investment portfolio, trading activity, portfolio diversification and the existing borrowing facilities were also
discussed. After due consideration, the Committee concluded it was appropriate to prepare the Company’s accounts
on a going concern basis and made this recommendation to the Board. The main factors that led to this conclusion
were the portfolio composition, the relatively low levels of cash required to continue operating the Company and the
availability of the borrowing facilities. It was also recognised that the Company's shareholders vote on the
continuation of the Company every three years with the next such vote in 2026.
The Committee assessed the viability of the Company and agreed that it was appropriate to provide a Viability
Statement for a five year period for the reasons set out in the Statement on page 26. In January 2024, the Committee
reviewed a series of stress tests that considered the impact of severe market downturn scenarios on Shareholders’
funds, the borrowing facilities and investment income, and also the impact of losing investment trust status. The
outcome of this review led the Committee to recommend the Viability Statement to the Board.
Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 37
Audit Committee Report
Matters Considered and Action taken by the Committee
Internal Control and Risks
The Committee carefully considered a matrix of the Company’s principal and emerging risks and the mitigating
controls at each meeting. During the year the matrix was reviewed and reassessed to assist in focusing on the main
risks for the Company. In October the risks and controls were addressed in more detail. The Committee enhanced
the content of the matrix during the year, including: monitoring economic and political developments in market
risks; updating risk ratings where appropriate; adding further content on assurance controls relating to outsource
service providers; moving certain risks from emerging to emerged but not principal risks; and reviewing and adding
additional emerging risks. The Committee believes the matrix continues to reflect accurately the Company’s
principal risks. These risks are detailed on pages 24 and 25.
In October 2023 the Committee received the Managers’ report on internal controls, including the assurance report
issued by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) on the nature and effectiveness of the control framework that has been
established by the Managers. A representative of PwC attended the meeting. In addition, the Committee received
internal control reports from the Custodian, Northern Trust, and from the Registrar, Link Group. The Committee
reviewed these reports and concluded that there were no significant control weaknesses or other issues that needed
to be brought to the Board’s attention.
The Committee continues to monitor closely the increasing risk arising from cyber threats, notwithstanding that the
Company outsources all of its activities to external parties. In October 2023, the Committee received a report from
Aberforth Partners and their external service provider on cyber security, covering the measures that are in place to
protect the Managers’ systems and the Company information that they contain. In April 2023, the Managers changed
their technology and cyber security provider to enhance services. The Committee noted the assurances that have
been given about the effectiveness of control measures. It concluded that, although cyber-attack represents an
increasing threat to companies and public bodies worldwide, the Company has taken all reasonable steps to ensure
that appropriate protection measures are in place.
External Auditor, Audit Planning and Audit fees
Johnston Carmichael LLP was appointed as the Company’s Auditor on 3 March 2022, following a formal tender
process and this appointment has been renewed at each subsequent AGM. The Committee reviews the
reappointment of the auditor every year. The rotation of the audit partner is required every five years and Richard
Sutherland was first appointed audit partner for the 2023 audit. Johnston Carmichael LLP presented its audit plan to
the Committee in October 2023 in advance of the 2023 audit. The plan set out the scope of the audit, the principal
risks that would be addressed (as detailed in the Independent Auditor's Report), the timetable and the proposed fees.
These amounted to £32,500, excluding VAT, for the year (2022: £31,500). There were no non-audit activities carried
out by Johnston Carmichael LLP. Regulations require the Company to tender the audit at least every ten years and the
next audit tender process will be conducted no later than 2033.
Auditor
Following the completion of the audit in January 2024, the Committee reviewed the auditor’s effectiveness. Audit
quality was assessed in a framework of various criteria, including planning, challenge and resolution of issues,
judgements and findings, and working relationships with the Secretaries. The Committee acknowledged that the audit
team comprised staff with appropriate levels of knowledge and experience. The Committee noted positive feedback
from the Secretaries on Johnston Carmichael LLP’s performance on the audit. Additionally Johnston Carmichael LLP
provided confirmation that they have complied with the relevant UK professional and regulatory requirements on
independence. Taking these factors into account, the Committee was satisfied that the external audit was carried out
effectively.
Committee Evaluation
A review of the Committee’s effectiveness, using an internal online evaluation questionnaire, was undertaken during the
year. The outcome was positive with no significant concerns expressed. The Committee has agreed to utilise external
facilitators every three years and the last external evaluation was carried out in 2022.
Patricia Dimond
Audit Committee Chair
31 January 2024
38 Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Directors’ Remuneration Policy
This section provides details of the remuneration policy applying to the Directors of the Company. All Directors are non-
executive, appointed under the terms of letters of appointment and none has a service contract. The Board has prepared
this report in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
This policy was previously approved by Shareholders at the Annual General Meeting held in 2023. The policy provisions
continue to apply until they are next put to Shareholders for approval, which must be at intervals not exceeding three
years. This policy, together with the Directors’ letters of appointment may be inspected at the Company’s registered
office.
The Board considers and determines all matters relating to the Directors’ remuneration at the beginning of each financial
period. A Remuneration Committee has not been formed as all of the Directors are non-executive and considered
independent.
Company’s Policy on Directors’ Remuneration
The Company’s policy is that the remuneration of the Directors should be commensurate with the duties and
responsibilities of the role and consistent with the requirement to attract and retain Directors of appropriate quality and
experience. No Shareholder has expressed any views to the Company in respect of the Directors’ remuneration policy.
The remuneration policy is not subject to employee consultation as the Company has no employees. It is intended that
this policy will remain in place for the following financial year and subsequent periods.
The Board, at its discretion, determines Directors’ remuneration subject to the aggregate annual fees not exceeding
£200,000 in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association. Such remuneration solely comprised Directors’ fees
as set out below and Directors are not eligible for any other remuneration.
The table below sets out the Directors’ fees in respect of the year ended 31 December 2023 and year ending 31
December 2024.
Chairman of the Company
Director and Chair of the Audit Committee
Director and Member of the Audit Committee
Director
Annual Fees
2024
£
44,250
36,600
31,250
29,500
Annual Fees
2023
£
41,460
34,300
29,300
27,640
Limit on Directors' Fees
Directors’ fees are set within the aggregate annual limit contained with the Company’s Articles of Association. The
current limit specified in the Articles of Association, as approved by shareholders at the Annual General Meeting held in
2009, is £200,000 per annum or such other amount as may from time to time be determined by ordinary resolution of
the Company.
At the Annual General Meeting to be held on 5 March 2024, Ordinary resolution 11 will be proposed to increase the
annual limit on aggregate Directors' fees from £200,000 to £250,000. This higher amount is considered necessary to
allow for reasonable fee increases in the future and also for a higher level of aggregate fees during years when new
Directors are appointed as part of the Board’s succession planning. Subject to the resolution being passed, the increase
to the annual limit will take effect from the conclusion of the Annual General Meeting.
Loss of Office
A Director may be removed without notice and no compensation will be due on loss of office.
Expenses
All directors are entitled to the reimbursement of expenses paid by them in order to perform their duties as a Director
of the Company.
Review of the Remuneration Policy
The Board has agreed to review the above policy at least annually to ensure that it remains appropriate.
Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 39
Directors’ Remuneration Report
The Board has prepared this report in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. The law requires the
Company’s Auditor to audit certain elements of this report. These elements are described below as “Audited”. The Auditor’s
opinion is included in the Independent Auditor’s Report on page 43.
Directors’ Letters of Appointment
Each Director has entered into a letter of appointment with the Company and is subject to annual re-election by Shareholders.
Directors are subject to election by Shareholders at the first Annual General Meeting after their appointment and thereafter
at every subsequent Annual General Meeting. The following Directors held office during the year.
Date of Date of election/
Director Appointment re-election
Richard Davidson, Chairman 26 January 2019 AGM 2024
Jaz Bains 10 October 2022 AGM 2024
Julia Le Blan (retired 2 March 2023) 29 January 2014 n/a
Patricia Dimond 3 March 2022 AGM 2024
Victoria Stewart 1 September 2020 AGM 2024
Martin Warner 1 March 2018 AGM 2024
Directors’ Fees (Audited)
The emoluments of the Directors who served during the year were as follows.
Fees Fees
(Total Emoluments) (Total Emoluments)
2023 2022
Director £ £
Richard Davidson, Chairman 41,460 39,300
Jaz Bains 28,927 5,958
Julia Le Blan (retired 2 March 2023) 5,732 32,500
Paula Hay-Plumb (retired 3 March 2022) n/a 4,719
Patricia Dimond, Chair of the Audit Committee 33,361 23,042
Victoria Stewart 29,300 27,780
Martin Warner 27,640 26,200
166,420 159,499
Directors are remunerated exclusively by fixed fees and do not receive bonuses, share options, pension contributions or other
benefits apart from the reimbursement of allowable expenses.
The following table shows the remuneration of the Directors in relation to distributions to Shareholders by way of dividends
and share buy-backs.
Total Directors’ remuneration
Total dividends in respect of that year
Total share buy-back consideration
2023
£’000
166
42,660
11,641
The annual percentage change in Directors’ remuneration is provided in the table below.
2023
Chairman of the Company 5.5%
Director and Chair of the Audit Committee 5.5%
Director and Member of the Audit Committee 5.5%
Director 5.5%
2022
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%
2022
£’000
159
40,529
33,296
2021
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Absolute
change
£’000
7
2,131
(21,655)
2020
1.8%
1.5%
1.7%
1.8%
The Company does not have any employees and hence no comparisons are given between Directors’ and employees’ pay
increases.
40 Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Directors’ Remuneration Report
Statement of Directors’ Shareholdings and Share Interests (Audited)
The Directors who held office at any time during the year ended 31 December 2023 and their interests in the Shares of the
Company as at that date and 1 January 2023 were as follows.
Directors Nature of Interest
31 December 2023
1 January 2023
Ordinary Shares
Richard Davidson, Chairman Beneficial
Jaz Bains Beneficial
Julia Le Blan (retired 2 March 2023) Beneficial
Patricia Dimond Beneficial
Victoria Stewart Beneficial
Martin Warner Beneficial
Non Beneficial
37,000
1,030
n/a
10,008
4,200
2,000
5,000
32,000
1,030
3,000
4,000
4,200
2,000
5,000
There has been no change in the beneficial or non-beneficial holdings of the Directors between 31 December 2023 and
31 January 2024. The Company has no share options or share schemes. Directors are not required to own shares in the
Company.
Consideration of Shareholders’ Views and Statement of Voting
An ordinary resolution to approve the remuneration report is put to members at each Annual General Meeting. To date, no
Shareholders have commented in respect of the remuneration report or policy. At the last Annual General Meeting held on 2
March 2023, Shareholders, on a show of hands, passed the resolution to approve the Directors’ Remuneration Report: of the
54,532,659 proxy votes, 53,804,899 were cast in favour, 705,899 were cast against and 21,861 votes were withheld. At the
Annual General Meeting held on 2 March 2023, Shareholders, on a show of hands, passed the resolution to approve the
Directors’ Remuneration Policy: of the proxy votes cast, 53,799,099 votes were cast in favour, 713,699 were cast against and
19,861 votes were withheld.
Share Price Performance
Total return performance since 31 December 2013
85%
70%
55%
40%
25%
10%
-5%
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
ASCoT Share Price Benchmark
Note: For further information on the above graph, please refer to the Historic Total Returns tables on page 7.
the
This graph compares
performance of the Company’s
share price with the Numis
Smaller Companies
Index
Investment
(excluding
Companies), on a total return
basis (assuming all dividends
reinvested) since 31 December
2013. This index has been
selected for the purposes of
comparing
the Company’s
share price performance as it
the Company’s
has been
benchmark since inception.
The main
influences on
performance over the year are
described in the Managers'
Report.
Annual Statement
On behalf of the Board and in accordance with Part 2 of Schedule 8 of the Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups
(Accounts and Reports) (Amendment) Regulations 2013, I confirm that the above Directors’ Remuneration Report summarises,
as appropriate, for the year ended 31 December 2023:
(a) the major decisions on Directors’ remuneration;
(b) any substantial changes relating to Directors’ remuneration made during the year; and
(c) the context in which those changes occurred and decisions were taken.
On behalf of the Board
Richard Davidson
Chairman
31 January 2024
Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 41
Directors’ Responsibility Statement
The Directors are required by law to prepare financial statements for each financial year in accordance with applicable
law and regulations. The Directors are also required to prepare a Strategic Report, Directors’ Report, Directors’
Remuneration Report and Corporate Governance Statement.
The Directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted
Accounting Practice (Financial Reporting Standard 102 and applicable law). Under company law the Directors must not
approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the
Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Directors
are required to:
•
• make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
•
state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed
and explained in the financial statements; and
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume the Company will
continue in business.
select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
•
The Directors are responsible for keeping accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company’s
transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company, and that enable
them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for
safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud
and other irregularities.
The Annual Report is published on www.aberforth.co.uk, which is the website maintained by the Managers. The work
undertaken by the Auditor does not involve consideration of the maintenance and integrity of the website and,
accordingly, the Auditor accepts no responsibility for any changes that may have occurred to the financial statements
since they were initially presented on the website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and
dissemination of the financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.
Declaration
Each of the Directors confirms to the best of their knowledge that:
(a) the financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with applicable accounting standards, give a
true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the Company;
(b) the Strategic Report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position
of the Company, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that it faces; and
(c) the Annual Report, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides information necessary for
Shareholders to assess the Company’s position, performance, business model and strategy.
On behalf of the Board
Richard Davidson
Chairman
31 January 2024
42 Governance Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT
TO THE MEMBERS OF ABERFORTH SMALLER
COMPANIES TRUST PLC
Report on the audit of the financial statements
Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc (“the Company”), for the year ended 31
December 2023, which comprise the Income Statement, the Reconciliation of Movements in Shareholders’ Funds, the Balance Sheet,
the Cash Flow Statement, and the related notes, including significant accounting policies.
The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting
Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland
(United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
In our opinion the financial statements:
•
•
•
give a true and fair view of the state of Company’s affairs as at 31 December 2023 and of its net return for the year then ended;
have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
section of our report.
We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial
statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, as applied to listed public interest entities, and we have fulfilled our other
ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Our approach to the audit
We planned our audit by first obtaining an understanding of the Company and its environment, including its key activities delegated
by the Board to relevant approved third-party service providers and the controls over provision of those services.
We conducted our audit using information maintained and provided by Aberforth Partners LLP (the “Investment Manager”, the
“Company Secretary,” and “Administrator”), The Northern Trust Company (the “Custodian”), NatWest Trustee & Depositary Services
Limited (the “Depositary”) and Link Group (the “Registrar”) to whom the Company has delegated the provision of services.
We tailored the scope of our audit to reflect our risk assessment, taking into account such factors as the types of investments within
the Company, the involvement of the Administrator, the accounting processes and controls, and the industry in which the Company
operates.
The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative thresholds for materiality. These
together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit
procedures on the individual financial statement line items and disclosures and in the evaluation of the effect of misstatements, both
individually and in aggregate on the financial statements as a whole.
Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 43
Independent Auditor’s Report
Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial
statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to
fraud) that we identified. These matters included those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy; the allocation of
resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit
of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
We summarise below the key audit matters in arriving at our audit opinion above, together with how our audit addressed these
matters and the results of our audit work in relation to these matters.
Key audit matter
Valuation and ownership of investments
(as per page 37 (Report of the Audit Committee), page 53
(Accounting Policies) and Note 10.
The valuation of the portfolio at 31 December 2023 was
£1,364m (2022: £1,322m) and comprised entirely of listed
equity investments.
As this is the largest component of the Company’s Balance
Sheet, accounting for 105.1% (2022: 105.7%) of net assets,
and a key driver of the Company’s total return, valuation of
the investments has been designated as a key audit matter,
being one of the most significant assessed risks of material
misstatement due to fraud or error.
There is a further risk that investments held at fair value
may not be actively traded and the quoted prices may not
be reflective of their fair value (valuation).
Additionally, there is a risk that the investments recorded
as held by the Company may not represent property of the
Company (ownership).
indicators
Revenue recognition, including allocation of special
dividends as revenue or capital returns
(as per page 37 (Report of the Audit Committee), page 53
(Accounting Policies) and Note 3.
Investment income recognised for the year to 31 December
2023 was £56.4m (2022: £53.2m) consisting solely of
dividends received from listed investments.
Revenue-based performance metrics are often one of the
key performance
for stakeholders. The
investment income received by the Company during the
year directly impacts these metrics and the minimum
dividend required to be paid by the Company.
There is a risk that revenue is incomplete or inaccurate
through failure to recognise income entitlements or failure
to appropriately account for their treatment as revenue or
capital. It has therefore been designated as a key audit
matter being one of the most significant assessed risks of
material misstatement due to fraud or error.
Additionally, there is a further risk of incorrect allocation of
special dividends as revenue or capital returns as
judgement is required in determining their allocation
within the Income Statement.
How our audit addressed the key audit matter and our
conclusions
We assessed controls reports provided by the custodian
and administrator to evaluate the design of the process and
implementation of key controls.
We compared market prices applied to all investments held
at 31 December 2023 to an independent third-party source
and recalculated the investment valuations.
from an
We obtained average
independent third-party source for all quoted investments
held at year end and assessed their liquidity.
We assessed trading activity and challenged management’s
assessment for evidence of an active market.
We agreed 100% of investments held to the independently
received custodian report.
From our completion of these procedures, we identified no
material misstatements in relation to the valuation and
ownership of the investments
trading volumes
reports provided by
We assessed controls
the
administrator to evaluate the design of the process and
implementation of key controls.
We confirmed that income is recognised and disclosed in
accordance with the AIC SORP by assessing the accounting
policies.
We recalculated 100% of dividends due to the Company
based on investment holdings throughout the year and
announcements made by investee companies.
We agreed a sample of dividends received to bank
statements.
We assessed the completeness of the special dividend
population and determined whether special dividends
recognised are revenue or capital in nature with reference
to the underlying commercial circumstances of the
investee companies’ dividend payment.
From our completion of these procedures, we identified no
material misstatements in relation to revenue recognition,
including allocation of special dividends as revenue or
capital returns.
44 Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Independent Auditor’s Report
Our application of materiality
We define materiality as the magnitude of misstatement in the financial statements that makes it probable that the economic
decisions of a reasonably knowledgeable person would be changed or influenced. We use materiality in determining the nature and
extent of our work and in evaluating the results of that work.
Materiality measure
Materiality for the financial statements as a whole – we have set materiality as 1% of net assets as we
believe that net assets is the primary performance measure used by investors and is the key driver of
shareholder value. It is also the standard industry benchmark for materiality for investment trusts and we
determined the measurement percentage to be commensurate with the risk and complexity of the audit
and the Company’s listed status.
£12.97m
(2022: £12.51m
Performance materiality – performance materiality represents amounts set by the auditor at less than
materiality for the financial statements as a whole, to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability
that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected misstatements exceeds materiality for the financial
statements as a whole.
In setting this we consider the Company’s overall control environment and any experience of the audit that
indicates a lower risk of material misstatements. Based on our judgements of these factors we have set
performance materiality at 75% (2022: 50%) of our overall financial statement materiality.
Specific materiality – recognising that there are transactions and balances of a lesser amount which could
influence the understanding of users of the financial statements we calculate a lower level of materiality
for testing such areas.
Specifically, given the importance of the distinction between revenue and capital for the Company, we
applied a separate testing threshold for the revenue column of the Income Statement, set at the higher of
5% of the revenue net return on ordinary activities before taxation and our Audit Committee Reporting
Threshold.
We have also set a separate specific materiality in respect of related party transactions and Directors’
remuneration.
We used our judgement in setting these thresholds and considered our experience and industry
benchmarks for specific materiality.
£9.73m
(2022: £6.25m)
£2.54m
(2022: £2.41m)
Audit Committee reporting threshold – we agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to
them all differences in excess of 5% of overall materiality in addition to other identified misstatements that
warranted reporting on qualitative grounds, in our view. For example, an immaterial misstatement as a
result of fraud.
£0.65m
(2022: £0.63m)
During the course of the audit, we reassessed initial materiality and found no reason to alter the basis of calculation used at year-end.
Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the Directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the
preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the Directors’ assessment of the Company’s ability to
continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included:
• Evaluating management’s method of assessing going concern, including consideration of market conditions and uncertainties;
• Assessing and challenging the forecast cashflows and associated sensitivity modelling including assessment of the loan covenants
used by the Directors in support of their going concern assessment;
• Obtaining and recalculating management’s assessment of the Company’s ongoing maintenance of investment trust status; and
• Assessing the adequacy of the Company’s going concern disclosures included in the Annual Report.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that,
individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least
twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.
In relation to the Company’s reporting on how it has applied the UK Corporate Governance Code, we have nothing material to add
or draw attention to in relation to the Directors’ statement in the financial statements about whether the Directors considered it
appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the Directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of
this report.
Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 45
Independent Auditor’s Report
Other information
The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our auditor’s
report thereon. The Directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual Report. Our opinion on the
financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do
not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent
with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise
to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there
is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited has been properly prepared in accordance with the
Companies Act 2006.
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
• The information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the financial statements
are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
• The Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have
not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors’ Report.
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to
you if, in our opinion:
• Adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from
branches not visited by us; or
• The financial statements and the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited are not in agreement with the
accounting records and returns; or
• Certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or
• We have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit; or
• A corporate governance statement has not been prepared by the Company.
Corporate governance statement
The Listing Rules require us to review the Directors’ statement in relation to going concern, longer-term viability and that part of the
Corporate Governance Statement relating to the Company’s compliance with the provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code
specified for our review.
Based on the work undertaken as part of our audit, we have concluded that each of the following elements of the Corporate
Governance Statement is materially consistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained during the audit:
• The Directors’ statement with regards to the appropriateness of adopting the going concern basis of accounting and any material
uncertainties identified set out on page 29;
• The Directors’ explanation as to its assessment of the Company’s prospects, the period this assessment covers and why the period
is appropriate set out on page 26;
• The Directors’ statement on whether it has a reasonable expectation that the Company will be able to continue in operation and
meet its liabilities set out on page 26;
• The Directors’ statement on fair, balanced and understandable set out on page 42;
• The Board’s confirmation that it has carried out a robust assessment of the emerging and principal risks set out on page 24;
• The section of the annual report that describes the review of the effectiveness of risk management and internal control systems
set out on pages 35 and 36; and
• The section describing the work of the Audit Committee set out on pages 36 to 38.
46 Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Independent Auditor’s Report
Responsibilities of Directors
As explained more fully in the Directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 42, the Directors are responsible for the
preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the
Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement,
whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the Directors are responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going
concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the
Directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a
high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material
misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial
statements.
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s
website at: http://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.
Extent the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our
responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which
our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below.
We assessed whether the engagement team collectively had the appropriate competence and capabilities to identify or recognise
non-compliance with laws and regulations by considering their experience, past performance and support available.
All engagement team members were briefed on relevant identified laws and regulations and potential fraud risks at the planning
stage of the audit. Engagement team members were reminded to remain alert to any indications of fraud or non-compliance with
laws and regulations throughout the audit.
We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that are applicable to the Company and the sector in which
it operates, focusing on those provisions that had a direct effect on the determination of material amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. The most relevant frameworks we identified include:
• Companies Act 2006;
• FCA listing and DTR rules;
• The principles of the UK Corporate Governance Code applied by the AIC Code of Corporate Governance (the “AIC Code”);
• Industry practice represented by the Statement of Recommended Practice: Financial Statements of Investment Trust Companies
and Venture Capital Trusts (“the SORP”) issued in July 2022;
• Financial Reporting Standard 102; and
• The Company’s qualification as an investment trust under section 1158 of the Corporation Tax Act 2010.
We gained an understanding of how the Company is complying with these laws and regulations by making enquiries of
management and those charged with governance. We corroborated these enquiries through our review of relevant
correspondence with regulatory bodies and board meeting minutes.
We assessed the susceptibility of the Company’s financial statements to material misstatement, including how fraud might occur,
by meeting with management and those charged with governance to understand where it was considered there was susceptibility
to fraud. This evaluation also considered how management and those charged with governance were remunerated and whether
this provided an incentive for fraudulent activity. We considered the overall control environment and how management and those
charged with governance oversee the implementation and operation of controls. We identified a heightened fraud risk in relation
to the valuation of investments and the allocation of special dividends (audit procedures performed in response to these risks are
set out in the section on key audit matters above) and management override (procedures in response to this risk are included
below).
In addition to the above, the following procedures were performed to provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements
were free of material fraud or error:
• Reviewing minutes of meetings of those charged with governance for reference to: breaches of laws and regulation or for any
indication of any potential litigation and claims; and events or conditions that could indicate an incentive or pressure to commit
fraud or provide an opportunity to commit fraud;
• Performing audit work procedures over the risk of management override of controls, including testing of journal entries and
other adjustments for appropriateness, recalculating the investment management fee, evaluating the business rationale of
significant transactions outside the normal course of business and reviewing judgements made by management in their
calculation of accounting estimates for potential management bias;
Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 47
Independent Auditor’s Report
• Completion of appropriate checklists and use of our experience to assess the Company’s compliance with the Companies Act
2006 and the Listing Rules; and
• Agreement of the financial statement disclosures to supporting documentation.
Our audit procedures were designed to respond to the risk of material misstatements in the financial statements, recognising that
the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as
fraud may involve intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation. There are inherent limitations in the
audit procedures described above and the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and
transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we would become aware of it.
O»
Other matters which we are required to address
Following the recommendation of the Audit Committee, we were appointed by the Board on 3 March 2022 to audit the financial
statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 and subsequent financial periods. The period of our total uninterrupted
engagement is two years, covering the years ended 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2023.
The non-audit services prohibited by the FRC’s Ethical Standard were not provided to the Company and we remain independent of
the Company in conducting our audit.
Our audit opinion is consistent with the additional report to the Audit Committee.
Use of our report
This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006.
Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members those matters we are required to state to
them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume
responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for
the opinions we have formed.
Richard Sutherland (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of Johnston Carmichael LLP
Statutory Auditor
31 January 2024
(a) The maintenance and integrity of the Aberforth Partners LLP web site is the responsibility of the partners of Aberforth Partners LLP; the work carried out by the auditor of
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc does not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditor accepts no responsibility for any changes that may have
occurred to the financial statements since they were initially presented on the web site.
Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.
(b)
48 Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Income Statement
For the year ended 31 December 2023
2023 2022
Revenue Capital Total Revenue Capital Total
Note £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000
Net gains/(losses) on investments 10 – 58,432 58,432 – (195,756) (195,756)
Investment income 3 56,423 – 56,423 53,188 – 53,188
Other income 3 91 – 91 7 – 7
Investment management fee 4 (3,350) (5,583) (8,933) (3,513) (5,855) (9,368)
Portfolio transaction costs 5 – (1,855) (1,855) – (2,078) (2,078)
Other expenses 5 (823) – (823) (808) – (808)
Net return before finance costs and tax 52,341 50,994 103,335 48,874 (203,689) (154,815)
Finance costs 6 (1,578) (2,631) (4,209) (704) (1,173) (1,877)
Return on ordinary activities before tax 50,763 48,363 99,126 48,170 (204,862) (156,692)
Tax on ordinary activities 7 (82) – (82) – – –
Return attributable to equity shareholders 50,681 48,363 99,044 48,170 (204,862) (156,692)
Returns per Ordinary Share 9 59.79p 57.05p 116.84p 55.64p (236.64)p (181.00)p
The Board declared on 31 January 2024 a final dividend of 28.55p per Ordinary Share and a special dividend of 9.00p per Ordinary
Share. The Board declared on 26 July 2023 an interim dividend of 12.95p per Ordinary Share.
The total column of this statement is the profit and loss account of the Company. All revenue and capital items in the above
statement derive from continuing operations. No operations were acquired or discontinued in the year. A Statement of
Comprehensive Income is not required as all gains and losses of the Company have been reflected in the above statement.
The accompanying notes form an integral part of this statement.
Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 49
Reconciliation of Movements in Shareholders’ Funds
For the year ended 31 December 2023
Capital
Share redemption Special Capital Revenue
capital reserve reserve reserve reserve Total
Note £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000
Balance as at 31 December 2022
Return on ordinary activities after taxation
Equity dividends paid
Purchase of Ordinary Shares
853 135 50,481 1,109,683 89,718 1,250,870
– – – 48,363 50,681 99,044
8 – – – – (41,046) (41,046)
14 (9) 9 (11,641) – – (11,641)
Balance as at 31 December 2023
844 144 38,840 1,158,046 99,353 1,297,227
For the year ended 31 December 2022
Capital
Share redemption Special Capital Revenue
capital reserve reserve reserve reserve Total
Note £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000
Balance as at 31 December 2021
Return on ordinary activities after taxation
Equity dividends paid
Purchase of Ordinary Shares
879 109 83,777 1,314,545 73,255 1,472,565
– – – (204,862) 48,170 (156,692)
8 – – – – (31,707) (31,707)
14 (26) 26 (33,296) – – (33,296)
Balance as at 31 December 2022
853 135 50,481 1,109,683 89,718 1,250,870
The accompanying notes form an integral part of this statement.
50 Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Balance Sheet
As at 31 December 2023
2023 2022
Note £’000 £’000
Fixed assets
Investments at fair value through profit or loss 10 1,363,980 1,322,261
Current assets
Debtors 11 2,661 2,145
Cash at bank 2,734 1,668
5,395 3,813
Creditors (amounts falling due within one year) 12 (305) (75,204)
Net current assets/(liabilities) 5,090 (71,391)
TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES 1,369,070 1,250,870
Creditors (amounts falling due after more than one year) 13 (71,843) –
TOTAL NET ASSETS 1,297,227 1,250,870
CAPITAL AND RESERVES: EQUITY INTERESTS
Called up share capital 14 844 853
Capital redemption reserve 15 144 135
Special reserve 15 38,840 50,481
Capital reserve 15 1,158,046 1,109,683
Revenue reserve 15 99,353 89,718
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ FUNDS 1,297,227 1,250,870
Net Asset Value per Ordinary Share 16 1,536.73p 1,465.67p
Approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 31 January 2024 and signed on its behalf by:
Richard Davidson,
Chairman
Company Number: SC126524
Registered in Scotland
The accompanying notes form an integral part of this statement.
Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 51
Cash Flow Statement
For the year ended 31 December 2023
2023 2022
Note £’000 £’000
Operating activities
Net revenue return before finance costs and tax 52,341 48,874
Tax withheld from income 7 (82) –
Investment management fee charged to capital 4 (5,583) (5,855)
(Increase) in debtors (516) (365)
Increase/(decrease) in other creditors – (24)
Net cash inflow from operating activities 46,160 42,630
Investing activities
Purchases of investments (255,193) (250,161)
Sales of investments 270,051 284,746
Cash inflow from investing activities 14,858 34,585
Financing activities
Purchases of Ordinary Shares 14 (11,641) (34,026)
Equity dividends paid 8 (41,046) (31,707)
Interest and fees paid 17 (4,265) (1,732)
Gross drawdowns of bank debt facilities (before any costs) 18 52,000 126,000
Gross repayments of bank debt facilities (before any costs) 18 (55,000) (137,500)
Cash (outflow) from financing activities (59,952) (78,965)
Change in cash during the period 1,066 (1,750)
Cash at the start of the period 1,668 3,418
Cash at the end of the period 2,734 1,668
The accompanying notes form an integral part of this statement.
52 Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Notes to the Financial Statements
1 Significant Accounting Policies
A summary of the principal accounting policies adopted, all of which have been applied consistently throughout the year and
the preceding year, is set out below.
(a) Basis of accounting
The financial statements have been presented under Financial Reporting Standard 102 ("FRS 102") and under the AIC’s
Statement of Recommended Practice “Financial Statements of Investment Trust Companies and Venture Capital Trusts”
("SORP"). The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under the historical cost convention,
modified to include the revaluation of the Company’s investments as described below. The Directors' assessment of the basis
of going concern is described on page 29. The functional and presentation currency is pounds sterling, which is the currency
of the environment in which the Company operates. The Board confirms that no critical accounting judgements or significant
sources of estimation uncertainty have been applied to the financial statements and therefore there is not a significant risk of
a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.
(b) Investments
The Company’s investments have been categorised as “financial assets at fair value through profit or loss” as the Company’s
business is to invest in financial assets with a view to profiting from their total return in the form of capital growth and income.
Quoted investments are valued at their fair value, which is represented by the bid price. Where trading in the securities of an
investee company is suspended, the investment is valued at the Board’s estimate of its fair value. Purchases and sales of
investments are recognised and de-recognised on trade date. Gains and losses arising from changes in fair value are included
in the capital return and transaction costs on acquisition or disposal of a security are expensed to the capital reserve.
(c) Income
Dividends receivable on quoted equity shares are accounted for on the ex dividend date as revenue, except where, in the
opinion of the Board, the dividend is capital in nature, in which case it is treated as a return of capital. Where the Company has
received its dividends in the form of additional shares rather than in cash, an amount equivalent to the cash dividend forgone
is recognised as income. Any surplus or deficit in the value of the shares received compared to the cash dividend forgone is
recognised as capital. Other income is accounted for on an accruals basis.
(d) Expenses
All expenses are accounted for on an accruals basis. Expenses are charged to revenue except as follows.
Expenses that are related to the acquisition and disposal of an investment are charged to capital.
•
Expenses are charged to capital reserve where a connection with the maintenance or enhancement of the value of the
•
investments can be demonstrated. In this respect the investment management fee has been allocated 62.5% to capital
reserve and 37.5% to revenue reserve, in line with the Board’s expected long-term split of returns, in the form of capital
gains and income respectively, from the investment portfolio of the Company.
(e) Bank borrowings and finance costs
The arrangement fee in relation to the £130 million bank debt facility is amortised over the expected life of the facility (with
62.5% allocated to capital reserve and 37.5% to revenue reserve) on a straight line basis. As borrowings carry a market rate of
interest, they are recognised in the balance sheet at the outstanding balance advanced, less unamortised transaction costs.
Interest costs are accounted for on an accruals basis. Finance costs of debt, insofar as they relate to the financing of the
Company’s investments or to financing activities aimed at maintaining or enhancing the value of the Company’s investments,
are allocated 62.5% to capital reserve and 37.5% to revenue reserve, in line with the Board’s expected long-term split of
returns, in the form of capital gains and income respectively, from the investment portfolio of the Company.
(f) Capital reserve
The following are accounted for in this reserve:
•
•
•
•
The part of this reserve represented by realised capital profits is available for distribution by way of share buy-backs but not
by way of dividends.
gains and losses on the realisation of investments;
increases and decreases in the valuation of investments held at the year end;
gains on the return of capital by way of investee companies paying dividends that are capital in nature; and
expenses, together with the related taxation effect, charged to this reserve in accordance with the above policies.
(g) Special reserve
This reserve may be treated as distributable profits for all purposes, excluding the payment of dividends. The cost of purchasing
Ordinary Shares for cancellation is accounted for in this reserve.
(h) Revenue reserve
This reserve represents the only reserve from which dividends can be funded.
(i) Capital Redemption Reserve
The nominal value of shares bought back for cancellation is added to this reserve. This reserve is presently not distributable.
(j) Share Capital
This relates to the number of shares in issue. When shares are bought back for cancellation, the nominal value is transferred
to the Capital Redemption Reserve. Share Capital is not distributable.
(k) Taxation
UK corporation tax payable is provided on taxable profits at the current rate and the tax charge includes irrecoverable overseas
tax suffered. Deferred tax assets, using substantially enacted tax rates, are only recognised if it is considered more likely than
not that there will be suitable taxable profits from which the future reversal of deferred tax assets may be deducted.
Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 53
Notes to the Financial Statements
2 Alternative Performance Measures
Alternative Performance Measures (“APMs”) are measures that are not defined by FRS 102. The Company believes that
APMs, referred to as “Key Performance Indicators” on page 5, provide Shareholders with important information on the
Company and are appropriate for an investment trust company. These APMs are also a component of reporting to the Board.
A glossary of APMs can be found on page 66.
3
Income
2023 2022
Revenue Capital Total Revenue Capital Total
£’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000
Income from investments
UK dividends 48,250 – 48,250 46,645 – 46,645
Overseas dividends 7,003 – 7,003 6,334 – 6,334
Property income distributions 1,170 – 1,170 209 – 209
56,423 – 56,423 53,188 – 53,188
Other income
Interest income 91 – 91 7 – 7
Total income 56,514 – 56,514 53,195 – 53,195
Overseas dividends relate to investments in companies that are registered overseas. During the year the Company received
special dividends amounting to £3,979,000 (2022: £4,325,000), of which £nil (2022: £nil) were considered a return of capital
by the investee company.
4 Investment Management Fee
2023 2022
Revenue Capital Total Revenue Capital Total
£’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000
Investment management fee 3,350 5,583 8,933 3,513 5,855 9,368
Details of the investment management contract can be found on page 28.
5 Other Expenses and Portfolio transaction costs
2023 2022
£’000 £’000
The following expenses (including VAT, where applicable) have been charged to revenue.
Directors’ fees (refer to Directors’ Remuneration Report) 166 159
Secretarial services 132 116
Depositary fee 125 124
FCA and LSE listing fees 92 87
Registrar fee 57 69
Custody and other bank charges 53 59
Auditor’s fee – audit of the financial statements 39 38
– for non-audit services – –
Legal fees 31 8
AIC fee 21 23
Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance 15 14
Other expenses 92 111
823 808
54 Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Notes to the Financial Statements
5 Other Expenses and Portfolio transaction costs (continued)
Expenses incurred in acquiring or disposing of investments classified at fair value through profit or loss, and charged to capital,
are analysed below.
2023 2022
£’000 £’000
Analysis of total purchases
Purchase consideration before expenses 253,676 248,421
Commissions 432 575
Taxes 1,085 1,165
Total purchase expenses (a) 1,517 1,740
Total purchase consideration 255,193 250,161
Analysis of total sales
Sales consideration before expenses 270,389 284,989
Commissions (b) (338) (338)
Total sale proceeds net of expenses 270,051 284,651
Total expenses incurred in acquiring/disposing of investments (a)-(b) 1,855 2,078
6 Finance Costs
2023 2022
Revenue Capital Total Revenue Capital Total
£’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000
Interest/non-utilisation costs on bank borrowings 1,554 2,590 4,144 680 1,132 1,812
Amortisation of bank debt facility costs 24 41 65 24 41 65
1,578 2,631 4,209 704 1,173 1,877
7 Taxation
Analysis of tax charged on return on ordinary activities
2023 2022
Revenue Capital Total Revenue Capital Total
£’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000
UK corporation tax charge for the year (see below) – – – – – –
Factors affecting current tax charge for the year
The tax assessed for the period is lower than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK for a large company. The differences
are explained below.
Total returns on ordinary activities before tax 50,763 48,363 99,126 48,170 (204,862) (156,692)
Corporation tax at 25% (2022: 19%) 12,691 12,091 24,782 9,153 (38,924) (29,771)
Adjusted for the effects of:
Non-taxable UK dividend income (12,063) – (12,063) (8,863) – (8,863)
Non-taxable overseas dividend income (1,751) – (1,751) (1,204) – (1,204)
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes – 464 464 – 395 395
Excess expenses for which no relief has been taken 1,123 2,053 3,176 914 1,335 2,249
Non-taxable capital (gains)/losses – (14,608) (14,608) – 37,194 37,194
UK corporation tax charge for the year – – – – – –
Irrecoverable overseas taxation suffered 82 – 82 – – –
Total tax charge for the year 82 – 82 – – –
The Company has not recognised a potential asset for deferred tax of £45,507,000 (2022: £42,307,000) in respect of unutilised
management expenses because it is unlikely that there will be suitable taxable profits from which the future reversal of a
deferred tax asset may be deducted. The potential deferred tax asset has been calculated using a corporation tax rate of 25%
(2022: 25%).
Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 55
Notes to the Financial Statements
8 Dividends
2023 2022
£’000 £’000
Amounts recognised as distributions to equity holders in the period:
Final dividend for the year ended 31 December 2022 of 26.95p
(2021: 24.25p) paid on 8 March 2023 23,000 21,262
Special dividend for the year ended 31 December 2022 of 8.30p
(2021: nil) paid on 8 March 2023 7,084 –
Interim dividend for the year ended 31 December 2023 of 12.95p
(2022: 12.05p) paid on 25 August 2023 10,962 10,445
41,046 31,707
Amounts not recognised in the period:
Final dividend for the year ended 31 December 2023 of 28.55p
(2022: 26.95p) payable on 8 March 2024 24,101 23,000
Special dividend for the year ended 31 December 2023 of 9.00p
(2022: 8.30p) payable on 8 March 2024 7,597 7,084
31,698 30,084
The final and special dividends have not been included as liabilities in the financial statements for 2023 and 2022.
9 Returns per Ordinary Share
The returns per Ordinary Share are based on:
2023 2022
Returns attributable to Ordinary Shareholders £99,044,000 £(156,692,000)
Weighted average number of shares in issue during the year 84,766,084 86,570,115
Returns per Ordinary Share 116.84p (181.00)p
There are no dilutive or potentially dilutive shares in issue.
10 Investments
2023 2022
£’000 £’000
Opening fair value 1,322,261 1,554,585
Opening fair value adjustment 186,804 (65,848)
Opening book cost 1,509,065 1,488,737
Purchases at cost 253,676 248,421
Sale proceeds (270,389) (284,989)
Realised gains on sales 59,725 56,896
Closing book cost 1,552,077 1,509,065
Closing fair value adjustment (188,097) (186,804)
Closing fair value 1,363,980 1,322,261
All investments are in ordinary shares listed on the London Stock Exchange unless otherwise stated on pages 18 to 20.
Gains/(losses) on investments:
Net realised gains on sales 59,725 56,896
Movement in fair value adjustment (1,293) (252,652)
Net gains on investments 58,432 (195,756)
The company received £270,389,000 (2022: £284,989,000) from investments sold in the year. The book cost of these
investments was £210,664,000 (2022: £228,093,000). These investments have been revalued over time and until they were
sold any unrealised gains/losses were included in the fair value of the investments.
56 Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Notes to the Financial Statements
10 Investments (continued)
In accordance with FRS 102 fair value measurements have been classified using the fair value hierarchy:
Level 1 - using unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments in an active market;
Level 2 - using inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are directly or indirectly observable (based on
market data); and
Level 3 - using inputs that are unobservable (for which market data is unavailable).
Investments held at fair value through profit or loss
As at 31 December 2023
Listed equities
Unlisted equities
Total financial asset investments
As at 31 December 2022
Listed equities
Unlisted equities
Total financial asset investments
Level 1
£'000
1,363,980
–
1,363,980
Level 1
£'000
1,322,261
–
1,322,261
Level 2
£'000
–
–
–
Level 2
£'000
–
–
–
Level 3
£'000
–
–
–
Level 3
£'000
–
–
–
Total
£'000
1,363,980
–
1,363,980
Total
£'000
1,322,261
–
1,322,261
11 Debtors
2023 2022
£’000 £’000
Investment income receivable 2,593 2,118
Taxation recoverable 40 –
Other debtors 28 27
Total 2,661 2,145
12 Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
2023 2022
£’000 £’000
Interest/non-utilisation costs on bank borrowings 207 133
Other creditors 98 98
Bank debt facility – 75,000
Less: Unamortised costs on bank debt facility – (27)
Total 305 75,204
The Company has an uncommitted overdraft credit facility of £20 million with The Northern Trust Company. The interest rate
applying to overdrawn balances is 1.40% over the UK Base Rate. In addition, an annual administration fee of £15,000 is incurred in
respect of the facility. No amounts were drawn under this facility at 31 December 2023 or 31 December 2022. Bank debt facility
amounts in 2022 refer to drawings under the facility that was refinanced as referred to in Note 13 below.
13 Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
2023 2022
£’000 £’000
Bank debt facility 72,000 –
Less: Unamortised costs on bank debt facility (157) –
Total 71,843 –
On 19 May 2023, the Company refinanced its existing three year unsecured £130 million Facility Agreement with The Royal Bank
of Scotland International Limited. A 0.15% arrangement fee was paid on entering into the agreement and is being amortised over
the expected life of the facility. Under the facility, all funds drawn down attract interest at a margin of 1.15% over SONIA
equivalent. A non-utilisation fee of 0.5% is also payable on any undrawn element. The facility is due to expire on 15 June 2026.
The main covenant under the facility requires that, every month, total borrowings shall not exceed 25% of the Company’s total
adjusted gross assets. There were no breaches of the covenants during the year. As at 31 December 2023, total borrowings
represented 5.3% (2022: 5.7%) of total adjusted gross assets (as defined by Facility Agreement).
Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 57
Notes to the Financial Statements
14 Share Capital
2023 2022
No. of No. of
Shares £’000 Shares £’000
Authorised:
Ordinary Shares of 1p 333,299,254 3,333 333,299,254 3,333
Allotted, issued and fully paid:
Ordinary Shares of 1p 84,414,605 844 85,344,605 853
During the year, the Company bought back and cancelled 930,000 shares (2022: 2,603,661) at a total cost of £11,641,000
(2022: £33,296,000). During the period 1 January to 31 January 2024, 30,000 shares have been bought back for cancellation.
15 Capital and Reserves
Capital
Share redemption Special Capital Revenue
capital reserve reserve reserve reserve Total
£’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000
At 31 December 2021 879 109 83,777 1,314,545 73,255 1,472,565
Net gains on sale of investments – – – 56,896 – 56,896
Movement in fair value adjustment – – – (252,652) – (252,652)
Cost of investment transactions – – – (2,078) – (2,078)
Management fees charged to capital – – – (5,855) – (5,855)
Finance costs charged to capital – – – (1,173) – (1,173)
Special dividends taken to capital – – – – – –
Revenue return attributable to equity
shareholders – – – – 48,170 48,170
Equity dividends paid – – – – (31,707) (31,707)
Purchase of Ordinary Shares (26) 26 (33,296) – – (33,296)
At 31 December 2022 853 135 50,481 1,109,683 89,718 1,250,870
Net gains on sale of investments – – – 59,725 – 59,725
Movement in fair value adjustment – – – (1,293) – (1,293)
Cost of investment transactions – – – (1,855) – (1,855)
Management fees charged to capital – – – (5,583) – (5,583)
Finance costs charged to capital – – – (2,631) – (2,631)
Special dividends taken to capital – – – – – –
Revenue return attributable to equity
shareholders – – – – 50,681 50,681
Equity dividends paid – – – – (41,046) (41,046)
Purchase of Ordinary Shares (9) 9 (11,641) – – (11,641)
At 31 December 2023 844 144 38,840 1,158,046 99,353 1,297,227
The capital reserve includes a closing fair value adjustment, representing unrealised gains/(losses) on investments of
£(188,097,000) (2022: £(186,804,000)).
16 Net Asset Value per Share
The Net Asset Value per Share and the net assets attributable to the Ordinary Shares at the year end are calculated in
accordance with their entitlements in the Articles of Association and were as follows.
2023 2022
Net assets attributable £1,297,227,000 £1,250,870,000
Ordinary Shares in issue at the end of year 84,414,605 85,344,605
Net Asset Value per Ordinary Share 1,536.73p 1,465.67p
Dividend reinvestment factor (defined in glossary) 1.032024 1.023447
Net Asset Value on a total return basis 1,585.94p 1,500.03p
The net asset value total return for the year ended 31 December 2023 is the percentage movement from the net asset value
as at 31 December 2022 of 1,465.67p (31 December 2021: 1,674.35p) to the net asset value, on a total return basis, at
31 December 2023 of 1,585.94p (31 December 2022: 1,500.03p), which is 8.2% (2022: -10.4%).
58 Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Notes to the Financial Statements
17 Interest and Finance Costs Paid
2023 2022
£’000 £’000
Interest/non-utilisation costs on bank debt facility 4,070 1,732
Bank debt facility fee 195 –
Total 4,265 1,732
18 Analysis of changes in net debt
Net debt Other Net debt at
at 1 January Cash non-cash 31 December
2023 flow movements 2023
£’000 £’000 £’000 £’000
Cash at bank 1,668 1,066 – 2,734
Bank debt facility (75,000) 3,000 – (72,000)
Bank debt facility fee (see note 12 and 13) 27 195 (65) 157
Total (73,305) 4,261 (65) (69,109)
19 Financial instruments and risk management
The Company’s financial instruments comprise its investment portfolio (see pages 18 to 20), cash balances, bank debt facilities,
debtors and creditors that arise directly from its operations such as sales and purchases awaiting settlement, and accrued
income. Bank debt facilities are utilised when the Board and Managers believe it is in the interest of the Company to gear the
portfolio. Note 1 sets out the significant accounting policies, including the basis of measurement applied for significant financial
instruments, principally investments, excluding cash at bank, which is carried at fair value. Note 1 also includes the basis on
which income and expenses arising from financial assets and liabilities are recognised and measured.
The main risks that the Company faces arising from its financial instruments are as follows.
(i) Interest rate risk is the risk that the interest receivable/payable and the market value of investment holdings may fluctuate
because of changes in market interest rates. The Company’s investment portfolio is not directly exposed to interest rate risk.
(ii) Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty raising funds to meet its cash commitments as they fall
due. Liquidity risk may result from either the inability to sell financial instruments quickly at their fair values or from the
inability to generate cash inflows as required.
(iii) Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation or commitment that
it has entered into with the Company.
(iv) Market price risk is the risk that the market value of investment holdings will fluctuate as a result of fluctuations in market
prices caused by factors other than interest rate or currency rate movement.
The Company’s financial instruments are all denominated in sterling and therefore the Company is not directly exposed to
significant currency risk. However, it is recognised that most investee companies, whilst listed in the UK, are exposed to global
economic conditions and currency fluctuations.
(i) Interest rate risk
The Company’s policy is to hold cash in variable rate bank accounts and not usually to invest in fixed rate securities. Cash deposit
balances are held on variable rate bank accounts yielding 0.28% as at 31 December 2023 (2022: 0.14%).
The Company has a bank debt facility of £130,000,000 of which £72,000,000 was drawn down as at 31 December 2023 (2022:
debt facility of £130,000,000, of which £75,000,000 was drawn down). Further details of this facility can be found in Notes 12
and 13.
If SONIA equivalent and the bank base rate had been 1% point higher at 31 December 2023, the impact on the profit or loss and
therefore Shareholders’ funds would have been negative £720,000 per annum (2022: negative £750,000). If SONIA equivalent and
the bank base rate had been 1% point lower at 31 December 2023, the impact on the profit or loss and therefore Shareholders’
funds would have been a positive £720,000 per annum (2022: positive £750,000). There would be no direct impact on the
portfolio valuation. The calculations are based on the bank facility drawn down and cash balances as at the respective balance
sheet dates and are not representative of the year as a whole and assume all other variables remain constant. The level of
change is considered to be a reasonable illustration based on current market conditions.
Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 59
Notes to the Financial Statements
19 Financial instruments and risk management (continued)
(ii) Liquidity risk
The Company’s assets comprise mainly readily realisable equity securities, which are typically all Level 1 assets and actively
traded. Whilst less liquid than larger quoted companies, the portfolio is well diversified by both number of holdings and
industry sector. Short term funding flexibility can be achieved through the use of bank debt facilities. The Company’s current
liabilities all have a remaining contractual maturity of less than three months with the exception of the bank debt facility.
(iii) Credit risk
The Company invests in UK equities traded on the London Stock Exchange. Investment transactions are carried out with a number
of FCA regulated brokers, with trades typically undertaken on a delivery versus payment basis and on a short settlement period.
The investment portfolio assets of the Company, which at 31 December 2023 amounted to £1,363,980,000 (2022:
£1,322,261,000), are held by The Northern Trust Company, the Company’s custodian, in a segregated account. In the event of
the bankruptcy or insolvency of Northern Trust the Company’s rights with respect to the securities held by the custodian may
be delayed or limited. The Secretaries and the Depositary monitor the Company’s risk by reviewing Northern Trust’s credit
ratings and their internal control report. Cash at bank is held with reputable banks with acceptable external credit ratings.
Outstanding investment income is reconciled to receipts on payment date.
The exposure to credit risk, other than as described above in respect of investment portfolio assets, at the year-end comprises
the following.
2023 2022
£’000 £’000
Investment income receivable 2,593 2,118
Taxation recoverable 40 –
Cash at bank 2,734 1,668
Total 5,367 3,786
(iv) Market price risk
The Company’s investment portfolio is exposed to market price fluctuations, which are monitored by the Managers in
pursuance of the investment objective. Further information on the investment portfolio is set out in the Managers’ Report on
pages 8 to 13. It is not the Managers’ policy to use derivatives or hedging instruments to manage market price risk.
If the investment portfolio valuation fell by 10% at 31 December 2023, the impact on the profit or loss and therefore
Shareholders’ funds would have been negative £136.4m (2022: negative £132.2m). If the investment portfolio valuation rose
by 10% at 31 December 2023, the impact on the profit or loss and therefore Shareholders’ funds would have been positive
£136.4m (2022: positive £132.2m). The calculations are based on the portfolio valuation as at the respective balance sheet
dates, are not representative of the year as a whole and assume all other variables remain constant. The level of change is
considered to be a reasonable illustration based on historical stockmarket volatility.
As at 31 December 2023, the investment portfolio largely consisted of investments valued at their bid price, which represents
fair value. Any cash balances, which are held in variable rate bank accounts, can be withdrawn on demand with no penalty.
Maturity profile of the Company’s financial liabilities
As at 31 December 2023
Due or Due Due Due
due no between between between
later than 1 and 3 and 1 and Due after
(All in £’000) 1 month 3 months 12 months 5 years 5 years Total
Liabilities:
Bank debt facility 207 – – 72,000 – 72,207
Unamortised costs on bank debt facility – – – (157) – (157)
Other creditors – 98 – – – 98
Total liabilities 207 98 – 71,843 – 72,148
60 Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Notes to the Financial Statements
19 Financial instruments (continued)
As at 31 December 2022
Due or Due Due Due
due no between between between
later than 1 and 3 and 1 and Due after
(All in £’000) 1 month 3 months 12 months 5 years 5 years Total
Liabilities:
Bank debt facility 133 – 75,000 – – 75,133
Unamortised costs on bank debt facility – – (27) – – (27)
Other creditors – 98 – – – 98
Total liabilities 133 98 74,973 – – 75,204
Cash flows payable under financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities
As at 31 December 2023
Due Due
Due between between
On within 3 and 1 and Due after
(All in £’000) demand 3 months 12 months 5 years 5 years Total
Bank debt facility – 1,208 3,652 72,000 – 76,860
Interest/non-utilisation costs on
bank borrowings – 207 – – – 207
Other creditors – 98 – – – 98
Total – 1,513 3,652 72,000 – 77,165
As at 31 December 2022
Due Due
Due between between
On within 3 and 1 and Due after
(All in £’000) demand 3 months 12 months 5 years 5 years Total
Bank debt facility – 762 75,643 – – 76,405
Interest/non-utilisation costs on
bank borrowings – 133 – – – 133
Other creditors – 98 – – – 98
Total – 993 75,643 – – 76,636
Capital Management
The Company’s capital management objectives are to support the Company’s investment objective and to ensure that the
Company will be able to continue as a going concern.
This is achieved through the appropriate balance of equity capital and borrowings. The capital of the Company is its share capital
and reserves as set out in notes 14 and 15 together with its borrowings (see notes 12 and 13). Borrowing parameters are set by
the Board in conjunction with the Managers and the bank debt facility is used tactically in order to enhance returns. The Company
has the authority to buy back its own shares and activity during the year is detailed in note 14. The Company does not have any
externally imposed capital requirements other than the covenants on its bank debt facility as set out in Note 12 and 13.
20 Related Party Transactions
The Directors have been identified as related parties and their fees and shareholdings are detailed in the Directors’
Remuneration Report on pages 40 and 41. During the year no Director was interested in any contract or other matter requiring
disclosure under section 412 of the Companies Act 2006.
21 Contingencies, guarantees, financial commitments and contingent assets
The Company had no contingencies, guarantees or financial commitments as at 31 December 2023 (2022: nil).
22 Company information
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc is a closed-ended investment company, registered in Scotland No SC126524, with its
Ordinary Shares listed on the London Stock Exchange. The address of the registered office is 14 Melville Street, Edinburgh,
EH3 7NS.
Financial Report
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 61
Notice of the Annual General Meeting
Notice is hereby given that the thirty-third Annual General Meeting of Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc will be held at
14 Melville Street, Edinburgh on 5 March 2024 at 10.30 a.m. for the following purposes.
To consider and, if thought fit, pass the following Ordinary Resolution.
1. That the Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 be adopted.
2. That the Directors’ Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 be approved.
3. That a final dividend of 28.55p per share and a special dividend of 9.00p per share be approved.
4. That Richard Davidson be re-elected as a Director.
5. That Jaz Bains be re-elected as a Director.
6. That Patricia Dimond be re-elected as a Director.
7. That Victoria Stewart be re-elected as a Director.
8. That Martin Warner be re-elected as a Director.
9. That Johnston Carmichael LLP be re-appointed as Independent Auditor of the Company to hold office until the conclusion
of the next Annual General Meeting at which the Financial Statements are laid before the Company.
10. That the Audit Committee be authorised to determine the remuneration of the Independent Auditor for the year to
31 December 2024.
11. That the aggregate annual amount of fees that can be paid to the Directors of the Company shall, in accordance with
Article 117, be increased to £250,000.
To consider and, if thought fit, pass the following Special Resolution.
12. That pursuant to and in accordance with its Articles of Association and in substitution for any existing authority, the
Company be and is hereby authorised in accordance with section 701 of the Companies Act 2006 (the “Act”) to make
market purchases (within the meaning of section 693(4) of the Act) of ordinary shares of 1p each in the capital of the
Company (“Shares”), provided that:
(a) the maximum number of Shares hereby authorised to be purchased shall be 12,649,252 (or, if less, 14.99% of the
issued share capital of the Company on the date on which this resolution is passed);
(b) the minimum price which may be paid for a Share shall be 1p being the nominal value of a Share;
(c) the maximum price (exclusive of expenses) which may be paid for a Share shall be the higher of (i) 5% above the
average of the middle market quotations (as derived from the London Stock Exchange Daily Official List) for the
Shares for the five business days immediately preceding the date of purchase and (ii) the higher of the price of the
last independent trade and the highest current independent bid on the trading venue where the purchase is carried
out; and
(d) unless previously varied, revoked or renewed, the authority hereby conferred shall expire on 31 July 2025 or, if
earlier, at the conclusion of the annual general meeting of the Company to be held in 2025, save that the Company
may, prior to such expiry, enter into a contract to purchase Shares under such authority which will or might be
executed wholly or partly after the expiry of such authority and may make a purchase of Shares pursuant to any
such contract.
By Order of the Board
Aberforth Partners LLP, Secretaries
31 January 2024
62
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Notice of the Annual General Meeting
1. Attending the Annual General Meeting in Person and Voting
A member who is entitled to vote at this meeting is entitled to appoint one or more proxies to attend, speak and vote on their behalf.
Such a proxy need not also be a member of the Company. Shareholders are encouraged to submit their votes by proxy in advance of
the meeting, in case restrictions apply and it is not possible for Shareholders to attend in person. The Board will continue to consider
carefully the arrangements for the AGM and the Company will issue a regulatory news announcement, which will also be posted on
the Company’s website, if the only attendees permitted will be those required to form the quorum and allow the business to be
conducted.
To be entitled to vote at the Annual General Meeting (and for the purpose of determining the votes they may cast), members
must be registered in the Company’s register of members at close of business on 1 March 2024 (or, if the Annual General
Meeting is adjourned, at close of business on the day two days (excluding non-working days) prior to the adjourned meeting).
Changes to the register of members after the relevant deadline will be disregarded in determining the rights of any person to
vote at the Annual General Meeting.
2. Appointment of Proxy
A Form of Proxy for use by Shareholders is enclosed. Shareholders are strongly encouraged to appoint the Chairman of the
meeting as their proxy to vote on their behalf. Completed Forms of Proxy should be returned to the Registrar, Link Group,
PXS 1, Central Square, 29 Wellington Street, Leeds, LS1 4DL. To register a vote electronically, log on to the Registrar’s website
at www.signalshares.com and follow the instructions on screen.
A member may appoint more than one proxy provided each proxy is appointed to exercise rights attached to different shares.
To appoint more than one proxy, please contact the Registrar of the Company. If a member submits more than one valid proxy
appointment, the appointment received last before the latest time for the receipt of proxies will take precedence.
To be valid the proxy form must be completed and lodged, together with the power of attorney or authority (if any) under which
it is signed, or a notarially certified copy of such power of authority, with the Registrar of the Company no later than 48 hours
(excluding non-working days) before the time set for the meeting, or any adjourned meeting.
CREST members who wish to appoint a proxy or proxies through the CREST electronic proxy appointment service may do so for
the Annual General Meeting to be held on 5 March 2024 and any adjournment(s) thereof by using the procedures described in
the CREST Manual. The message must be transmitted so as to be received by the Company’s agent, Link Group (CREST
Participant ID: RA10), no later than 48 hours before the time appointed for the meeting. Unless otherwise indicated on the Form
of Proxy, CREST or any other electronic voting instruction, the proxy will vote as they think fit or, at their discretion, withhold
from voting.
3. Questions and Answers
The Board continues to welcome questions from Shareholders in respect of the AGM. However, it asks Shareholders to submit
any questions to the Board by email, to the following address enquiries@aberforth.co.uk before close of business on 1 March
2024 in case attendance at the AGM is restricted. In the event the AGM proceeds in its usual format as currently anticipated,
pursuant to section 319A of the Companies Act 2006, the Company must provide an answer to any question that is put by a
member attending the AGM relating to the business being considered, except if a response would not be in the interest of the
Company or for the good order of the meeting or if to do so would involve the disclosure of confidential information. The
Company may, however, elect to provide an answer to a question within a reasonable period of days after the conclusion of the
Annual General Meeting.
4. Total Voting Rights
As at 31 January 2024, the latest practicable date prior to publication of this document, the Company had 84,384,605 Ordinary
Shares in issue with a total of 84,384,605 voting rights.
5. Information on the Company’s Website
In accordance with section 311A of the Companies Act 2006, this notice of meeting, details of the total number of shares in
respect of which members are entitled to exercise voting rights at the Annual General Meeting and, if applicable, any members’
statements, members’ resolutions or members’ matters of business received by the Company after the date of this notice will
be available on the Managers’ website www.aberforth.co.uk.
6. Nominated Persons
Any person to whom this notice is sent who is a person nominated under Section 146 of the Companies Act 2006 to enjoy
information rights (a Nominated Person) may, under an agreement between such person and the Shareholder nominating such
person, have a right to be appointed (or to have someone else appointed) as a proxy for the Annual General Meeting. If a
Nominated Person has no such proxy appointment right or does not wish to exercise such right, the Nominated Person may,
under any such agreement, have a right to give instructions to the registered Shareholder as to the exercise of voting rights.
7. Audit concerns
The members of the Company may require the Company (without payment) to publish, on the website, a statement, which is
also to be passed to the Auditor, setting out any matter relating to the audit of the Company’s accounts, including the Auditor’s
report and the conduct of the audit. The Company will be required to do so once it has received such requests from either
members representing at least 5% of the total voting rights of the Company or at least 100 members who have a relevant right
to vote and hold shares in the Company on which there has been paid up an average sum per member of at least £100. Such
requests must be made in writing and must state the member’s full name and address and be sent to the registered address of
the Company.
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 63
Shareholder Information
Introduction
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc is an Investment Trust whose shares are traded on the London Stock Exchange.
Shareholder Register Enquiries
All administrative enquiries relating to shareholders such as queries concerning holdings, dividend payments, notification of change
of address, loss of certificate or requests to be placed on a mailing list should be addressed to the Company’s Registrar. Contact details
are shown on the inside back cover.
Payment of Dividends
To ensure that dividends are received as quickly as possible the Company’s Registrar may be instructed to pay them directly into a
bank account; tax vouchers are then mailed to shareholders separately. This method also avoids the risk of dividend cheques being
delayed or lost in the post. The Company also operates a Dividend Re-investment Plan to allow shareholders to use their cash
dividends to buy shares easily and at a low cost via the Company’s Registrar from whom the necessary forms are available.
Electronic Communications
Shareholders can choose to receive communications (including the Annual and Interim reports) from the Company in electronic form.
This method may be more convenient and secure for many Shareholders, reduces costs and has environmental benefits. To use this
service, Shareholders can register and provide their email address on the Registrar’s share portal at www.signalshares.com.
Thereafter, Shareholders will receive an email providing the website address link to the relevant document(s). After registering,
Shareholders will be able to request paper copies in the future.
Sources of Further Information
Shareholders can find up-to-date information about the Company on the Managers’ website at www.aberforth.co.uk. This includes
items such as the latest net asset value, share price and stock exchange announcements, as well as information relating to the
portfolio, management fee and dividend history. Other websites containing useful information on the Company include
www.trustnet.com, www.theaic.co.uk and www.ft.com. The price of the Ordinary shares is also quoted daily in the Financial Times
and The Times newspapers.
How to Invest
The Company’s Ordinary Shares are traded on the London Stock Exchange. They can be bought or sold by placing an order with a
stockbroker, by asking a professional adviser to do so, or through most banks. The Company’s Managers, Aberforth Partners LLP, do
not offer any packaged products such as ISAs, Savings Schemes or Pension Plans.
Security Codes (Ordinary Shares)
SEDOL Bloomberg Reuters GIIN
Legal Entity Identifier
0006655
ASL LN ASL.L U6SSZS.99999.SL.826 213800GZ9WC73A92Q326
Continuation Vote
The Company has no fixed duration. However, in accordance with the Articles of Association, an ordinary resolution will be
proposed at the Annual General Meeting to be held in 2026 (and at every third subsequent Annual General Meeting) that the
Company continues to manage its affairs as an investment trust.
Retail Distribution/NMPI Status
The Company’s shares are intended for UK investors including retail investors, professionally advised private clients and
institutional investors who are seeking exposure to smaller companies in the United Kingdom, and who understand and are willing
to accept the risks of exposure to equities.
The Company currently conducts its affairs, and intends to continue to conduct its affairs, so that its Ordinary Shares can be
recommended by Independent Financial Advisers ("IFAs") to ordinary retail investors in accordance with the rules of the Financial
Conduct Authority ("FCA") in relation to non-mainstream pooled investment ("NMPI") products. The Company’s Ordinary Shares
are excluded from the FCA’s restrictions that apply to NMPI products because they are shares in an investment trust.
Please note that past performance is not a guide to the future. Your investment may be at risk as the value of investments may go
down as well as up and is not guaranteed. Therefore you may not get back the amount originally invested.
Individual Savings Accounts (ISA) Status
The Company’s Ordinary Shares are eligible for inclusion in the “Stocks and Shares” component of an ISA.
AIC
The Company is a member of The Association of Investment Companies, which produces a detailed Monthly Information Service on
the majority of investment trusts. This can be obtained by contacting The Association of Investment Companies, 9th Floor, 24 Chiswell
Street, London EC1Y 4YY; website: www.theaic.co.uk; tel: 020 7282-5555.
64
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Shareholder Information
Financial Calendar
Dividends in respect of the year ended 31 December 2023
Interim Special Final
Rate per Share: 12.95p 9.00p 28.55p
Ex Dividend: 3 August 2023 8 February 2024 8 February 2024
Record date: 4 August 2023 9 February 2024 9 February 2024
Pay date: 25 August 2023 8 March 2024 8 March 2024
Half Yearly Report Published late July/early August
Annual Report and Financial Statements Published late January/early February
Annual General Meeting 5 March 2024
Publication of Net Asset Values Daily (via the Managers’ website)
Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive ("AIFMD")
The Company has appointed Aberforth Partners LLP as its alternative investment fund manager ("AIFM"). In accordance with the
AIFMD, information in relation to the Company’s leverage is required to be made available to Shareholders. The Company’s maximum
and actual leverage levels as at 31 December 2023 are shown below. There have been no changes to, or breaches of, the maximum
level of leverage employed by the Company.
2023 2022
Commitment Gross Commitment Gross
Leverage Exposure (refer to the Glossary) Method Method Method Method
Maximum limit 2.00:1 2.00:1 2.00:1 2.00:1
Actual 1.05:1 1.05:1 1.06:1 1.06:1
Furthermore, in accordance with the Directive, the AIFM’s remuneration policy and the numerical disclosures in respect of the AIFM’s
relevant reporting period (year ended 30 April 2023) are available on request from Aberforth Partners.
Automatic Exchange of Information
The OECD Common Reporting Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account information (‘Common Reporting Standard’)
requires investment trust companies to provide personal information to HMRC on certain investors who purchase shares in
investment trusts. Accordingly Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc provides information annually to the local tax authority on the
tax residencies of a number of non-UK based certificated Shareholders and corporate entities.
All new Shareholders, excluding those whose shares are held in CREST, who come on to the share register will be sent a certification
form for the purposes of collecting this information.
For further information, please see HMRC’s Quick Guide: Automatic Exchange of Information – information for account holders
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/exchange-of-information-account-holders.
Beware of Share Fraud
Investment scams are designed to look like genuine investment opportunities. You might have been contacted by fraudsters if you
have been contacted out of the blue, promised tempting returns and told the investment is safe, called repeatedly or told the offer
is only available for a limited time. Shareholders may receive unsolicited phone calls or correspondence concerning investment
matters that imply a connection to the Company. These may be from overseas based ‘brokers’ who target UK shareholders offering
to sell them what often turn out to be worthless or high risk shares. Shareholders may also be advised that there is an imminent
offer for the Company, and the caller may offer to buy shares at significantly above the market price if an administration fee is paid.
Shareholders should treat all such approaches with caution.
You can find more information about investment scams at the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) website:
www.fca.org.uk/consumers/protect-yourself-scams. You can also call the FCA Consumer Helpline on 0800 111 6768.
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 65
Shareholder Information
Glossary of UK GAAP Measures
Net Asset Value, also described as Shareholders’ Funds, is the value of total assets less all liabilities. The Net Asset Value,
or NAV, per Ordinary Share is calculated by dividing this amount by the total number of Ordinary Shares in issue.
Glossary of Alternative Performance Measures
Benchmark Total Return is the return on the benchmark, on a closing market price basis, assuming that all dividends
received were reinvested into the shares of the underlying companies at the time their shares were quoted ex dividend.
Further information on the Company’s benchmark, the Numis Smaller Companies Index (excluding Investment
Companies), can be found on page 22.
Discount is the amount by which the stockmarket price per Ordinary Share is lower than the Net Asset Value, or NAV,
per Ordinary Share. The discount is normally expressed as a percentage of the NAV per Ordinary Share. The opposite of
a discount is a premium.
Gearing represents the amount by which total investments exceed Shareholders’ Funds, expressed as a percentage of
Shareholders’ Funds. If stockmarkets rise, gearing can increase the Company’s returns, but, if they fall, losses will be
greater. If the amount calculated is a negative percentage then total investments are less than Shareholders’ Funds.
Net Asset Value Total Return represents the theoretical return on NAV per Ordinary Share, assuming that dividends paid
to shareholders were reinvested at the NAV per Ordinary Share at the close of business on the day the shares were
quoted ex dividend (see note 16 on page 58 for details of the calculation).
Ongoing Charges represent the total cost of investment management fees and other operating expenses of £9,756,000
(2022: £10,176,000), as disclosed in the Income Statement, as a percentage of the average published net asset value of
£1,230,925,000 (2022: £1,275,471,000) over the period, and are calculated in accordance with the guidelines issued by
the AIC.
Portfolio Turnover is calculated by summing the lesser of purchases and sales over a one year period divided by the
average portfolio value for that period.
Share Price Total Return represents the theoretical return to a shareholder, on a closing market price basis, assuming
that all dividends received were reinvested, without transaction costs, into the Ordinary Shares of the Company at the
close of business on the day the shares were quoted ex dividend. The share price as at 31 December 2023 was 1,378.00p
(2022: 1,322.00p) and dividends, which went ex dividend during the year (see note 8 on page 56) were 48.20p (2022:
36.30p). The dividend reinvestment factor was 1.036373 (2022: 1.026723). The share price total return was therefore
8.0% (2022: -7.3%), being the percentage derived from the closing share price, adjusted by the dividend reinvestment
factor, divided by the closing share price at the previous year end.
Other Glossary Terms
Active share ratio is calculated by summing the absolute differences between a portfolio’s weight in a stock and an
index’s weight in a stock for all the stocks in the portfolio or index. The total is then divided by two to give a ratio
between 0% and 100%. Active Share is addressed in “How Active Is Your Fund Manager?” (Antti Petajisto and Martijn
Cremers, Yale School of Management, 2009).
Dividend Reinvestment Factor is calculated on the assumption that dividends paid by the Company were reinvested into
Ordinary Shares of the Company at the NAV per Ordinary Share or share price, as appropriate, on the day the Ordinary
Shares were quoted ex dividend.
Leverage, for the purposes of the AIFM Directive, is any method that increases the Company’s exposure to stockmarkets
whether through borrowings, derivatives or any other means. It is expressed as a ratio of the Company’s exposure to its
NAV. In summary, the gross method measures the Company’s exposure before applying hedging or netting
arrangements. The commitment method allows certain hedging or netting arrangements to be offset. The Company has
no hedging or netting arrangements.
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Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
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Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc
Corporate Information
Directors
Richard Davidson (Chairman)
Jaz Bains
Patricia Dimond
Victoria Stewart
Martin Warner
Managers and Secretaries
Aberforth Partners LLP
14 Melville Street
Edinburgh EH3 7NS
Tel: 0131 220 0733
enquiries@aberforth.co.uk
www.aberforth.co.uk
Registered Office and Company Number
14 Melville Street
Edinburgh EH3 7NS
Registered in Scotland No. SC 126524
Registrar
Link Group
Central Square
29 Wellington Street
Leeds LS1 4DL
Shareholder enquiries:
Tel: 0871 664 0300
(Calls cost 12p per minute plus network extras)
enquiries@linkgroup.co.uk
www.linkassetservices.com
Share Portal:
www.signalshares.com
Solicitors and Sponsors
Dickson Minto W.S.
16 Charlotte Square
Edinburgh EH2 4DF
Bankers
The Royal Bank of Scotland International Limited
Level 3
440 Strand
London WC2R 0QS
Custodian
The Northern Trust Company
50 Bank Street
Canary Wharf
London E14 5NT
Independent Auditor
Johnston Carmichael LLP
7-11 Melville Street
Edinburgh
EH3 7PE
Depositary
NatWest Trustee & Depositary Services Limited
House A, Floor 0
Gogarburn
175 Glasgow Road
Edinburgh
EH12 1HQ
J. Thomson Colour Printers 200321
Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc 69