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ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.

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FY2022 Annual Report · ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.
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Unlocking the
future network

2 0 2 2  A N N U A L   R E P O R T

 
 
 
 
 
 
Unlocking the
future network  

2022 ANNUAL REPORT

ADTRAN and the ADTRAN logo are registered trademarks of Adtran, Inc. and/or 

its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Adtran trademarks, go 

to this URL: www.adtran.com/trademarks. Third-party trademarks mentioned in this 

document are the property of their respective owners.

An unprecedented investment cycle  
for communications networks

The pace of change in our industry 

These developments have shifted 

In parallel to this funding cycle, we 

has been phenomenal. Digitization 

our mindsets and view of commu-

see many operators shifting away 

has taken center stage in politics 

nications networks. Despite global 

from high-risk vendors and looking 

and business, and the necessity  

economic uncertainty, funding 

to diversify their supply chain. As 

for secure, high-performance  

for fiber networks remains strong, 

a trusted western supplier with a 

communications infrastructure  

aided by tens of billions of dollars 

strong presence across the US and 

has never been greater. We are 

in annual subsidies across the U.S. 

Europe, Adtran is well-positioned 

now in a live, work and learn-from-

and Europe. In the US alone, there 

to benefit from these funding 

anywhere era, where home offices 

are multiple large-scale federal 

and supplier transition tailwinds. 

and in-person education have 

stimulus programs focused primarily 

The race to build out fiber optic 

been complemented and, in some 

on accelerating the deployment  

infrastructure is on and, together 

cases, replaced by virtual meetings, 

of fiber networks. These include the 

with our customers and partners, 

ushering in hybrid communications 

$42.5B Broadband Equity, Access 

we aim to execute on our vision to 

as the new norm. High speed fiber 

and Deployment program, or  

enable a fully-connected world, 

networks underpin this new model 

BEAD, that is administered by the 

where the power and freedom 

of connectivity, ensuring their  

Department of Commerce, the $10B 

to communicate is available to 

position as a strategic asset in  

Capital Projects Fund that uses 

everyone, everywhere, in a  

the modern economy. 

funding from the America Rescue 

secure, efficient and  

Plan Act (ARPA) and is administered 

sustainable environment. 

by the Department of Treasury, and 

the $20B Rural Digital Opportunity 

Fund (RDOF) that is administered 

by the Federal Communications 

Commission (FCC). These are federal 

programs that have been approved 

in the past few years, with the vast 

majority of the funding allocations 

still planned for the year ahead, 

and incremental to other existing 

federal and state subsidy programs. 

Tens of billions of similar government 

stimulus programs are being funded 

by the UK and European Union  

to ensure fiber connectivity  

across Europe. 

Funding for fiber 
networks remains 
strong, aided by 
tens of billions  
of dollars in annual 
subsidies across the 
U.S. and Europe

Letter to Shareholders  3

Building a scaled leader  
for the fiber everywhere era

Besides the positive developments 

We believe that this business  

Additionally, the new Adtran 

on the demand side of our industry, 

combination will bring significant 

business model provides econ-

we are also excited about the progress 

value to our shareholders,  

omies of scale and operational 

we have made in combining our 

customers, and employees.  

efficiencies that will reduce costs 

business with ADVA. We announced 

The new Adtran has a more diverse 

and increase profitability. We 

the proposed combination in August 

customer base, both geographically 

believe that the new Adtran will 

2021, achieved shareholder approval 

and in customer type, a broader 

have a stronger balance sheet 

in January 2022, closed the business 

and more differentiated fiber  

and a more diversified revenue 

combination in July 2022 following  

networking portfolio, and a stronger 

stream, allowing us to invest in 

FDI approval from the German  

regional presence, especially in the 

new technologies and capabilities 

government, and completed  

US and Europe. These benefits are 

to better serve our customers and 

registration of the DPLTA in January 

well aligned with the fiber investment 

stay ahead of the competition. 

2023. We are now operating as one 

cycle and high-risk vendor swap 

company and can execute on our 

opportunities we see in North 

mission to be the trusted partner 

America and Europe, and the  

and quality leader for automated, 

combination allows us to maximize 

secure, software-driven networking 

our competitive advantage during 

solutions that empower our customers 

this unique window in the market. 

We understand that any business 

combination can be complex, but 

more than half a year following 

the closing, we are confident 

that with our detailed planning, 

committed resources, and timely 

to connect the world.

now operating  
as one company 
and can execute  
on our mission to be  
the trusted partner 
and quality leader 

Ultimately, we are confident that 

execution, it will bring long-term 

our stronger portfolio, which 

benefits to all stakeholders. We 

includes fiber networking solutions 

will continue to keep you updated 

from the optical core to the  

on the progress of our unification.

customer premise that are comple-

mented by software solutions  

that simplify the end-to-end  

management and operations of 

these networks, will be viewed very  

favorably by our much larger 

combined customer base and this 

will drive incremental value to our 

customers, employees, and share-

holders. As an added benefit, we 

have a more diverse customer mix 

that includes a broad mix of large 

service provider, regional service 

provider, enterprise, government, 

and internet content  

provider customers.   

4  Adtran 2022 Annual Report

Capitalizing on the mega trends  
in fiber optic networking

The investment cycle in our industry 

reach and efficiency of these 

(OTDR) and other advanced testing 

is largely focused on the expansion of 

transport networks that are used to 

and measurement techniques as 

fiber networking. There are several 

interconnect the fiber aggregation 

improving the reliability and per-

key trends in this space that are 

sites to geographically diverse data 

formance of fiber-optic networks, 

driving the most investment. The 

center and internet backbone sites. 

enhancing our opportunities to 

first trend is the rapid investment 

WDM is another core expertise of 

participate in the growth  

in fiber-based broadband access 

our company, and our portfolio is 

associated with 5G. 

which connects homes and businesses 

adding value to thousands of networks 

directly with fiber for high-speed 

around the globe. Expanding 

broadband services. Adtran is an 

capacity in carrier infrastructure, 

industry leader and pioneer in this 

middle mile transport, intercon-

space, with our open, disaggregated 

necting data centers, and building 

fiber access platforms leading 

trusted network infrastructure for 

the growth for us. According to 

government and research networks 

industry research firm Dell’Oro, we 

are all use cases with sustainable 

were up 84% Year-over-Year (YoY) 

demand for WDM in years to come. 

for PON OLT port shipments in the 

According to Omdia, ADVA gained 

NAM+EMEA region for 3Q22, and 

4% in the large European optical 

we expect further growth in this 

networking market over the last 

segment this year following the 

two years, more than any other 

launch of our latest fiber access 

vendor in that space, taking market 

platform that sets new industry 

share from Huawei. As part of the 

benchmarks in scalability, density, 

larger Adtran, we can leverage this 

and power efficiency. Our success 

portfolio to further accelerate our 

in fiber access is closely coupled 

market momentum, win more  

to our success with our mesh Wi-Fi 

footprint, and serve existing  

platforms, which extend multi-Gig 

customers better.

the rise of software 
is a differentiating 
element in many 
networking areas

And finally, the rise of software is  

a differentiating element in many  

networking areas. Adtran has invested 

heavily in software platforms that 

orchestrate, manage, and proac-

tively optimize the performance of 

networks ranging from the optical 

core to the customer premise while 

also providing a suite of end user 

focused applications. These software 

applications, increasingly deployed 

connectivity into homes to take 

advantage of higher speed fiber 

access networks. This past year was 

a record year for us in this segment, 

and we expect further success in 

this area this year.  

A third trend to watch is the role 

as cloud-based SaaS applications, 

that fiber networks play in 5G 

simplify the deployment and ongoing 

wireless networks. High speed fiber 

operations of the network while 

networks connect 5G radio sites to 

improving the end user experience. 

mobile cores, providing the foun-

For the service provider, this results 

dation for these rapidly growing 

in reduced operational expense and 

The second key trend is the up-

wireless networks. Connecting radio 

higher ARPU through differentiated 

grade of the middle mile or edge 

heads in a scalable and efficient 

service offerings. With our much 

transport systems that are used 

manner is strategically important, 

broader portfolio under a common 

to backhaul services from these 

as is the delivery and assurance 

software platform, along with new 

increasingly higher speed access 

of precision timing – again a core 

capabilities like virtual network functions 

networks. Communications service 

expertise we have in our portfolio 

(VNF) orchestration added to the 

providers use optical wavelength 

through our Oscilloquartz technology. 

mix, we will be able to add more 

division multiplexing (WDM) tech-

We also see Adtran’s investments in 

value to our customers and further 

nology to increase the capacity, 

optical time-domain reflectometry 

differentiate our overall portfolio. 

Letter to Shareholders  5

We have a  
differentiated and 
comprehensive tool 
kit that empowers our 
customers to connect 
every home, business, 
data center and 5G 
site with fiber 

The road ahead

While our order intake continues 

We will continue to focus on cost 

to develop positively, we continue 

management and operational  

to focus on the supply side, related 

efficiency while investing in key  

cost challenges and integration 

areas to drive growth. We are  

efforts following our business  

confident that our strategic  

combination. We see signs of 

plans and disciplined execution  

normalization in the semiconductor 

will enable us to deliver strong  

supply chain and expect to lower 

financial performance and  

our backlog and inventories over 

create value for our shareholders. 

the next few quarters. 

Finally, I would like to thank one  

As we look ahead, we are optimistic 

more time our dedicated employees 

about the future growth prospects 

for their consistent and valuable 

of our company. We have a strong 

performance, especially in these 

pipeline of new products and services, 

challenging times. We believe in  

and we are well positioned to  

our people and foster company 

capitalize on emerging trends  

culture that is built on a foundation 

in our industry. Our software  

of communication, trust, collaboration 

capabilities are strengthening, 

and an entrepreneurial spirit. These 

offering increasing value to our 

values enable us to be a global 

customers and partners. And as we 

technology leader and a strong 

add the ADVA technologies to our 

customer advocate. With a diverse 

portfolio, we have a solution set 

and inclusive team spread across the 

that we believe is second to none. 

globe, our culture embraces creativity 

We have a differentiated and  

and seeks innovation and quality in 

comprehensive tool kit that  

everything we do. We will continue to 

empowers our customers to 

invest all our energy and creativity in 

connect every home, business, 

innovative solutions for the benefit  

data center and 5G site with fiber 

of our customers, shareholders  

– highly automated and secure – 

and employees.

and with strong local support in 

more countries than ever before. 

Tom Stanton 
Chairman & CEO 
Adtran Holdings, Inc.

6  Adtran 2022 Annual Report

Letter to Shareholders  1

UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Washington, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-K 

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 
1934 

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022 

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT 
OF 1934 

For the Transition Period from               to               

Commission file number 000-41446 

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Delaware 
(State of Incorporation) 

901 Explorer Boulevard 
Huntsville, Alabama 35806-2807 
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) 

87-2164282 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 

(256) 963-8000 
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code) 

Title of each class 
Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 
Trading Symbol(s) 
ADTN 

Name of each exchange on which registered 
The Nasdaq Global Select Market 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such 
filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 
of Regulations S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit 
such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or 
an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth 
company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  
Large Accelerated Filer 

Accelerated Filer 

  ☐ 

  ☒ 

  ☐ 
Non-accelerated Filer 
Emerging growth company    ☐ 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any 
new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐ 

Smaller Reporting Company 

  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal 
control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that 
prepared or issued its audit report.    ☒    

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in 
the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation 
received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒ 

The aggregate market value of the registrant's outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2022 was $852,431,295 
based on a closing market price of $17.53 as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select. There were 78,630,365 shares of common stock outstanding as 
of February 27, 2023.  

Financial Information  9 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the registrant's 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III to the extent 
described in Part III. 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP; PCAOB Firm ID: 238; Birmingham, Alabama 

10  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 
Annual Report on Form 10-K 
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022 

 Table of Contents 

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factor Summary ............................................. 

Glossary of Selected Terms ....................................................................................................................................... 

PART I 

Item 1. 

  Business .....................................................................................................................................................................  

Item 1A.   Risk Factors ...............................................................................................................................................................  

Item 1B.   Unresolved Staff Comments ......................................................................................................................................  

Item 2. 

  Properties ...................................................................................................................................................................  

Item 3. 

  Legal Proceedings ......................................................................................................................................................  

Item 4. 

  Mine Safety Disclosures ............................................................................................................................................  

PART II 

Item 5. 

  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities .  

Item 6. 

  (Reserved) ..................................................................................................................................................................  

Item 7. 

  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ....................................  

Item 7A.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk ....................................................................................  

Item 8. 

  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ..........................................................................................................  

Item 9. 

  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure ....................................  

Item 9A.   Controls and Procedures ............................................................................................................................................  

Item 9B    Other Information ......................................................................................................................................................  

Item 9C    Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections .......................................................................  

PART III 

Item 10.    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance .........................................................................................  

Item 11.    Executive Compensation ...........................................................................................................................................  

Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ..................  

Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence ............................................................  

Item 14.    Principal Accountant Fees and Services ....................................................................................................................  

PART IV 

Item 15.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules  ............................................................................................................  

Item 16.    Form 10-K Summary .................................................................................................................................................  

SIGNATURES 

Page 
Number 

13

16

19

33

 56

56

56

56

57

59

60

80

82

135

135

137

137

138

138

138

139

139

140

143

Financial Information  11 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unless the context otherwise indicates or requires, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “ADTRAN,” the “Company,” 
“we,” “us” and “our” refer to ADTRAN, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to its merger with and into its wholly-owned direct 
subsidiary,  ADTRAN  Holdings,  Inc.,  on  July  8,  2022,  after  which  ADTRAN,  Inc.  became  a  wholly-owned  direct  subsidiary  of 
ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. (the “Merger”), and to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries following the Merger. 

GENERAL 

*** 
We own or have rights to trademarks, service marks or trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business. In 
addition, our names, logos and website names and addresses are owned by us or licensed by us. We also own or have the rights to 
copyrights that protect the content of our solutions. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights 
referred to in this report are listed without the ©, ® and ™ symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our 
rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights. 

This report may include trademarks, service marks or trade names of other companies. Our use or display of other parties’ trademarks, 
service marks, trade names or products is not intended to, and does not imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us 
by, the trademark, service mark or trade name owners. 

*** 
Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this report concerning our industry and the markets in which we operate is based 
on information from independent industry and research organizations, other third-party sources (including industry publications, surveys 
and  forecasts),  and  management  estimates.  Management  estimates  are  derived  from  publicly  available  information  released  by 
independent industry analysts and third-party sources, as well as data from our internal research, and are based on assumptions made by 
us upon reviewing such data and our knowledge of such industry and markets that we believe to be reasonable. Although we believe the 
data from these third-party sources is reliable, we have not independently verified any third-party information. 

12  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND RISK FACTOR SUMMARY 

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by or on our behalf. 
We and our representatives may from time to time make written or oral forward-looking statements, including statements contained in 
this report, our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and other communications with our stockholders. 
Any statement that does not directly relate to a historical or current fact is a forward-looking statement. Generally, the words “believe”, 
“expect”, “intend”, “estimate”, “anticipate”, “would”, “will”, “may”, “might”, “could”, “should”, “can”, “future”, “assume”, “plan”, 
“seek”, “predict”, “potential”, “objective”, “expect”, “target”, “project”, “outlook”, “forecast” and similar expressions identify forward-
looking statements. We caution you that any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf are subject to uncertainties and 
other  factors  that  could  affect  the  accuracy  of  such  statements.  Forward-looking  statements  are  based  on  management’s  current 
expectations, as well as certain assumptions and estimates made by, and information available to, management at the time the statements 
are made. Those statements are based on general assumptions and are subject to various risks, and because they also relate to the future, 
they are likewise subject to inherent uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the views, 
beliefs and projections expressed in such statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, the risks 
identified in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this report and those described below: 

Risks related to the Business Combination and DPLTA 

  We may fail to realize the anticipated strategic and financial benefits sought from the Business Combination. 

  We have experienced operational challenges as a result of the Business Combination and may also experience negative 

synergies and loss of customers. 

 

The terms of the DPLTA may have a material adverse effect on our financial results and condition.  

  We are exposed to additional litigation risk and uncertainty with respect to the remaining minority shareholders of ADVA, 
which litigation may require us to pay a higher purchase price for additional ADVA shares than the amount provided for 
under the DPLTA. 

  We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant transaction fees and costs in connection with the Business 

Combination and post-closing integration efforts. 

  We incurred a substantial amount of indebtedness in connection with the Business Combination and DPLTA. Our failure 
to meet our debt service obligations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of 
operations. 

  We may be unable to successfully retain and motivate our personnel, including personnel at ADVA. 

 

 

The terms of our and ADVA's credit agreements restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond 
to changes or to take certain actions. 

Negative publicity related to post-closing integration measures may adversely affect us. 

Risks related to our financial results and Company success 

 

 

Our revenue for a particular period can be difficult to predict, and a shortfall in revenue may harm our operating results. 

The lengthy sales and approval process required by service providers for new products could result in fluctuations in our 
revenue. 

  We  depend  heavily  on  sales  to  certain  customers;  the  loss  of  any  of  these  customers  or  a  significant  project  would 

significantly reduce our revenue and net income. 

 

Our exposure to the credit risks of our customers and distributors may make it difficult to collect accounts receivable and 
could adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows. 

  We expect gross margins to continue to vary over time, and our levels of product and services gross margins may not be 

sustainable. 

 

 

Our strategy of outsourcing a portion of our manufacturing requirements to subcontractors located in various international 
regions may result in us not meeting our cost, quality or performance standards. 

Our dependence on a limited number of suppliers for certain raw materials, key components and ODM products, combined 
with supply shortages, have prevented and may continue to prevent us from delivering our products on a timely basis, which 
has had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on operating results and could have a material adverse effect on 
customer relations. 

Financial Information  13 

 
  
  
  We compete in markets that have become increasingly competitive, which may result in reduced gross profit margins and 

market share. 

 

Our  estimates  regarding  future  warranty  obligations  may  change  due  to  product  failure  rates,  installation  and  shipment 
volumes, field service repair obligations and other rework costs incurred in correcting product failures. If our estimates 
change, our liability for warranty obligations may increase or decrease, impacting future cost of revenue. 

  Managing our inventory is complex and may include write-downs of excess or obsolete inventory. 

 

 

 

 

The continuing growth of our international operations could expose us to additional risks, increase our costs and adversely 
affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows. 

Our success depends on attracting and retaining key personnel. 

If we fail to manage our exposure to worldwide financial and securities markets successfully, our operating results and 
financial statements could be materially impacted. 

The terms of the credit agreement governing our senior credit facility restrict our current and future operations, particularly 
our ability to respond to changes or to take certain actions. 

  We are exposed to adverse currency exchange rate fluctuations in jurisdictions where we transact in local currency, which 

could harm our financial results and cash flows. 

  We  will  require  a  significant  amount  of  cash  to  service  our  indebtedness,  our  potential  payment  obligations  to  ADVA 

shareholders under the DPLTA, and other obligations. 

  We could be required to recognize impairment charges related to goodwill and other intangible assets. 

  We  may  be  unable  to  successfully  and  effectively  manage  and  integrate  acquisitions,  divestitures  and  other  significant 

transactions, which could harm our operating results, business and prospects. 

Risks related to COVID-19 

 

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and may continue to impact our business, results of operations, financial 
condition and cash flows, particularly our supply chain. 

Risks related to our control environment 

 

 

Breaches of our information systems and cyber-attacks could compromise our intellectual property and cause significant 
damage to our business and reputation. 

If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting we could have a material weakness in 
our internal controls, that if not remediated, could materially adversely affect us. 

Risks related to the telecommunications industry 

  We  must  continue  to  update  and  improve  our  products  and  develop  new  products  to  compete  and  to  keep  pace  with 

improvements in communications technology. 

 

 

Our failure or the failure of our contract manufacturers to comply with applicable environmental regulations could adversely 
impact our results of operations. 

If our products do not interoperate with our customers’ networks, installations may be delayed or canceled, which could 
harm our business. 

  We engage in research and development activities to develop new, innovative solutions and to improve the application of 
developed technologies, and as a consequence may miss certain market opportunities enjoyed by larger companies with 
substantially greater research and development efforts and which may focus on more leading-edge development. 

 

 

 

 

Our strategy of outsourcing a portion of our manufacturing requirements to subcontractors located in various international 
regions may result in us not meeting our cost, quality or performance standards. 

Our  failure  to  maintain  rights  to  intellectual  property  used  in  our  business  could  adversely  affect  the  development, 
functionality and commercial value of our products. 

Software  under  license  from  third  parties  for  use  in  certain  of  our  products  may  not  continue  to  be  available  to  us  on 
commercially reasonable terms. 

Our use of open source software could impose limitations on our ability to commercialize our products. 

14  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
  
  
  We may incur liabilities or become subject to litigation that would have a material effect on our business. 

 

If we are unable to successfully develop and maintain relationships with SIs, service providers and enterprise VARs, our 
revenue may be negatively affected. 

Risks related to the Company's stock price 

 

 

Our operating results may fluctuate in future periods, which may adversely affect our stock price. 

The price of our common stock has been volatile and may continue to fluctuate significantly. 

Risks related to the regulatory environments in which we do business 

  We are subject to complex and evolving U.S. and foreign laws, regulations and standards governing the conduct of our 
business.  Violations  of  these  laws  and  regulations  may  harm  our  business,  subject  us  to  penalties  and  to  other  adverse 
consequences. 

 

 

 

 

 

Changes  in  trade  policy  in  the  U.S.  and  other  countries,  including  the  imposition  of  additional  tariffs  and  the  resulting 
consequences, may adversely impact our gross profits, gross margins, results of operations and financial condition. 

New or revised tax regulations, changes in our effective tax rate, recognition of a valuation allowance or assessments arising 
from tax audits may have an adverse impact on our results. 

Central Banks' monetary policy actions could increase our costs of borrowing money and negatively impact our financial 
condition and future operations. 

Rising inflation could negatively impact our revenues and profitability if increases in the prices of our products and services 
or a decrease in customer spending result in lower sales. 

Expectations relating to environmental, social and governance considerations expose the Company to potential liabilities, 
increased costs, reputational harm, and other adverse effects on the Company’s business. 

We caution investors that other factors may prove to be important in the future in affecting our operating results. New factors emerge 
from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of these factors, nor can we assess the impact each factor, or a combination 
of factors, may have on our business. You are further cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements because 
they speak only of our views as of the date that the statements were made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any 
forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. 

Financial Information  15 

 
  
  
 
 
 
Below are certain acronyms, concepts and defined terms commonly used in our industry and in this report along with their meanings:  

GLOSSARY OF SELECTED TERMS 

Acronym/Concept/ 
Defined Term 

10G EPON 

Acorn HoldCo 

ADVA 

ADSL 

ADTN 

ADTRAN GmbH 

ALM 
APAC 

ASU 

ATIS 

ATM 

BBF 

10-Gigabit EPON (as defined below) 

Meaning 

Acorn HoldCo, Inc., a Delaware corporation and currently a wholly-owned direct 
subsidiary of the Company 
ADVA Optical Networking SE, a European stock corporation incorporated under the 
laws of the European Union and Germany 
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 

Ticker symbol for ADTRAN 

ADTRAN Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung; Limited liability subsidiary of 
ADTRAN, Inc. in Germany 
Active line monitoring 
Asia Pacific 

Accounting Standards Update 

Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions; Standards organization that 
develops technical and operational standards and solutions for the information and 
technology industry 
Asynchronous Transfer Mode 

Broadband Forum 

CAD/CAM 

CARES Act 

Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing 

Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act 

Carrier 

COSO 

CPE 

CSP 

C-TPAT 

DOCSIS 

DPLTA 
DPU 

DSL 

DSLAM 

DSO 

EMEA 

EPON 

ERP 

ESG 
Ethernet 

ETSI 

EU  

EURIBOR 
FCC 

FCPA 

FOB 

FSAN 

FTTN 

16  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

Entity that provides voice, data or video services to consumers and businesses 

Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 

Customer-Premises Equipment 

Communication Service Provider 

United States Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism 

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification 

Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement 
Distribution Point Unit 

Digital Subscriber Line 

Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer 

Days Sales Outstanding 

Europe, Middle East and Africa 

Ethernet Passive Optical Network 

Enterprise Resource Planning Software 

Environmental, Social and Governance 
Means of connecting computers over a LAN (as defined below) 

European Telecommunications Standards Institute 

European Union 

Euro Interbank Offered Rate 
Federal Communications Commission 

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 

Free on Board 

Full Service Access Network 

Fiber to the Node 

 
 
 
 
FTTdp 

GDPR 

Gfast 

GPON 

HDSL 

hiX 

ICT 

ILEC 
IoT 

IP 

ISO 

ITU-T 

LAN 

LATAM 

LIBOR 

Mbps 

MEF 

micro-node 

MSO 

NASDAQ 

NFV 

ODM 

OEM 

OLT 

ONE 

ONT 

Operator 

OS 

OSP 

OTT 

PCAOB 

PON 

PSU 

QSFP 

RDOF 

REACH 

RFoG 

RoHS 

RSU 

SaaS 

SD-Access 

Fiber to the distribution point 

General Data Protection Regulation 

Digital subscriber line protocol standard for local loops (telephone lines) shorter than 
500 meters with performance targets between 100 Mbps (as defined below) and 1 
gigabit per second, depending on loop length 
Gigabit Passive Optical Network 

High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line 

ADTRAN Multiservice Access Platform sold in the EU 

Information and Communications Technology 

Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier 
Internet of Things 

Internet Protocol 

International Organization for Standardization 

International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication Standardization 
Sector 
Local Area Network 

Latin America 

London Inter-bank Offered Rate 

Megabits Per Second 

Metro Ethernet Forum 

Small fixed access nodes that use VDSL2 and Gfast to deliver ultra-broadband 
services to a small number of end users 
Multiple System Operator 

National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations, an American stock 
exchange based in New York City 
Network Functions Virtualization 

Original Design Manufacturer 

Original Equipment Manufacturer 

Optical Line Terminal 

Optical Networking Edge 

Optical Network Terminal 

Entity that provides voice, data or video services to consumers and businesses 

Operating System 

Outside Plant 

Over the Top 

Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 

Passive Optical Network 

Performance Stock Unit 

Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable 

Rural Digital Opportunity Fund 

Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals 

Radio Frequency over Glass 

Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic 
Equipment 
Restricted Stock Unit 

Software-as-a-Service 

Software Defined Access 

Financial Information  17 

 
  
SDN 

SDX 

SDO 

SEC 

Software Defined Networking 

Software Defined Everything 

Standards Developing Organizations 

Securities and Exchange Commission 

Service Provider or SP 

An entity that provides voice, data or video services to consumers and businesses 

SFP 

SFP+ 

SI 

SLA 

SMB 

SOFR 

System Integrator or SI 

TDM 

TIA 

TIP 

TL 9000 

U.K. 

U.S. 

VAR 

VDSL2 

vWLAN 

VoIP 

WAN 

WEEE 

Wi-Fi 

xDSL 

XFP 

XGS-PON 

Small Form-factor Pluggable 

Enhanced Small Form-factor Pluggable 

Person or company that specializes in bringing together component subsystems into a 
whole and ensuring that those subsystems function together. 
Service Level Agreement 

Small- to Medium-sized Business 

Secured Overnight Financing Rate 

Person or company that specializes in bringing together component subsystems into a 
whole and ensuring that those subsystems function together 
Time Division Multiplexed 

Telecommunications Industry Association 

Telecom Infra-Project 

Standard developed by and for the ICT industry to drive consistency in the quality of 
products and services down the supply chain through the implementation of a 
common body of QMS requirements and defined performance-based measurements 
United Kingdom 

United States 

Value-Added Reseller 

Very high-speed Digital Subscriber Line 2 

virtual Wireless Local Area Network 

Voice over Internet Protocol 

Wide Area Network 

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment; European Community Directive 
2012/19/EU on waste electrical and electronic equipment 
Family of wireless network protocols, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, 
which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access 
All types of digital subscriber lines 

10-Gigabit Small Form-factor Pluggable 

Updated standard for Passive Optical Networks that can support 10 Gbps 
symmetrical data transfer 

18  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
ITEM 1. BUSINESS 

Company Overview 

PART I 

We are a leading global provider of open networking and communications platforms, software, systems and services focused on the 
broadband  access  market,  serving  a diverse  domestic  and international  customer base  in  multiple  countries  that  includes  traditional 
communication services providers, alternative service providers, such as utilities, municipalities and fiber overbuilders, cable/MSOs, 
SMBs and distributed enterprises. Our innovative solutions and services enable voice, data, video and internet-communications across 
a variety of network infrastructures and are currently in use by millions of people worldwide. We support our customers through our 
direct global sales organization and our distribution networks. Our success depends upon our ability to increase unit volume and market 
share through the introduction of new products and succeeding generations of products having optimal selling prices and increased 
functionality as compared to both the prior generation of a product and to the products of competitors in order to gain market share. To 
service our customers and grow revenue, we are continually conducting research and developing new products addressing customer 
needs and testing those products for the specific requirements of the particular customers. We offer a broad portfolio of flexible software 
and hardware network solutions and services that enable service providers to meet today’s service demands, while also enabling them 
to transition to the fully converged, scalable, highly-automated, cloud-controlled voice, data, internet and video network of the future. 
In  addition  to our  global  headquarters  in  Huntsville, Alabama  and our  European headquarters  in Munich, Germany,  we have  sales, 
research and development, and production facilities in strategic global locations. 

In 2022, following the business combination (the “Business Combination”) with ADVA Optical Networking SE (“ADVA”), which 
included the Merger, we became the sole owner of and successor to ADTRAN, Inc. and the majority shareholder of ADVA. ADTRAN, 
Inc. is a leading global provider of open, disaggregated networking and communications solutions that enable voice, data, video, and 
internet  communications  across  any  network  infrastructure.  Its  award-winning  end-to-end  fiber  broadband  solutions  portfolio  spans 
from OLTs to in-home services and intelligent SaaS solutions. ADVA is a global provider of open networking solutions with over 25 
years of experience in optical networking, carrier Ethernet access and network synchronization. ADVA has led the industry for over 
two decades with open and secure networking solutions that carefully balance space, power and cost. Together, we serve customers in 
a broad range of industries in over 100 countries. We believe that our combined technology portfolio can best address current and future 
requirements, especially regarding the convergence of solutions at the network edge.  

We operate under two reportable segments: (1) Network Solutions, which includes hardware and software products, and (2) Services & 
Support, which includes a portfolio of network design and implementation services, support services and cloud-hosted SaaS applications 
that complement our product portfolio and can be utilized to support other platforms as well. These two segments span across our three 
revenue categories: (1) Subscriber Solutions, (2) Access & Aggregation Solutions and (3) Optical Networking Solutions. See below for 
a detailed discussion of these reportable segments and revenue categories. 

We are focused on being a top global supplier of fiber-based communications infrastructure and SaaS applications spanning from the 
cloud edge (data center) to the subscriber edge (customer premise) serving both the residential and enterprise connectivity markets. We 
offer  a broad portfolio of  flexible network infrastructure  solutions,  customer premises equipment,  software  applications,  and global 
services and support that enable service providers to meet their service demands now and in the future. These products and services 
enable service providers to transition to a common network supporting the simplified delivery of high-capacity services, regardless of 
subscriber density, network topology and infrastructure diversity. 

We began operations in January 1986. Our global headquarters are located at Cummings Research Park in Huntsville, Alabama, the 
second largest research park in the U.S. and fourth largest in the world. Our mailing address is 901 Explorer Boulevard, Huntsville, 
Alabama, 35806. Our telephone number at that location is (800) 923-8726. Our website is www.adtran.com. No information contained 
on our website is intended to be included as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this report. 

Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement 

The DPLTA between the Company, as the controlling company, and ADVA Optical Networking SE, as the controlled company, which 
was executed on December 1, 2022, became effective on January 16, 2023 as a result of its registration with the commercial register 
(Handelsregister) of the local court (Amtsgericht) at the registered seat of ADVA (Jena). 

Under the DPLTA, subject to certain limitations pursuant to applicable law and the specific terms of the DPLTA, (i) the Company is 
entitled to issue binding instructions to the management board of ADVA, (ii) ADVA will transfer its annual profit to the Company, 
subject to, among other things, the creation or dissolution of certain reserves, and (iii) the Company will generally absorb the annual net 
loss incurred by ADVA. The obligation of ADVA to transfer its annual profit to the Company applies for the first time to the profit 
generated, if any, in the ADVA fiscal year 2023. The obligation of the Company to absorb ADVA’s annual net loss applies for the first 
time to the loss generated, if any, in the ADVA fiscal year 2023. 

Additionally, and subject to certain limitations pursuant to applicable law and the specific terms of the DPLTA, the DPLTA provides 
that ADVA shareholders (other than us) be offered, at their election, (i) to put their ADVA shares to the Company in exchange for a 
compensation in cash of EUR 17.21 per share (the “Exit Compensation”), or (ii) to remain ADVA shareholders and receive a recurring 

Financial Information  19 

 
  
 
 
compensation in cash of EUR 0.59 (EUR 0.52 net under the current tax regime) per share for each full fiscal year of ADVA (the “Annual 
Recurring  Compensation”).  The  Annual  Recurring  Compensation  is  due  on  the  third  banking  day  following  the  ordinary  general 
shareholders’ meeting of ADVA for the respective preceding fiscal year (but in any event within eight months following expiration of 
the fiscal year) and is first granted for the 2023 fiscal year, payable for the first time after the ordinary general shareholders’ meeting of 
ADVA in 2024.  

The  adequacy  of  both  forms  of  compensation  have  been  challenged  by  minority  shareholders  of  ADVA  via  court-led  appraisal 
proceedings  under  German  law,  and  it  is  possible  that  the  courts  in  such  appraisal  proceedings  may  adjudicate  a  higher  Exit 
Compensation or Annual Recurring Compensation (in each case, including interest thereon) than agreed upon in the DPLTA.  

The opportunity for outside ADVA shareholders to tender ADVA shares in exchange for Exit Compensation had been scheduled to 
expire on March 16, 2023. However, due to the appraisal proceedings that have been initiated in accordance with applicable German 
law, this time period for tendering shares has been extended pursuant to the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz) and will end 
two  months  after  the  date  on  which  a  final  decision  in  such  appraisal  proceedings  has  been  published  in  the  Federal  Gazette 
(Bundesanzeiger). 

We currently hold 33,961,170 no-par value bearer shares of ADVA, representing 65.30% of ADVA’s outstanding shares as of February 
14, 2023. 

The foregoing description of the DPLTA does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the DPLTA, a 
non-binding English translation of which incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized $14.2 million of transaction costs. We expect to incur integration costs and 
costs associated with our performance under the DPLTA during 2023 and such costs are expected to be material. 

Reportable Segments 

Our business operates under  two  reportable  segments: (1) Network Solutions  and  (2) Services  &  Support. We review our  financial 
performance, specifically revenue and gross profit, based on these two segments. 

Network Solutions Segment 

The  Network  Solutions  segment  includes  hardware  and  software  products  that  enable  a  digital  future.  Our  cloud-managed  Wi-Fi 
gateways, virtualization software, and switches provide a mix of wired and wireless connectivity at the customer premises. In addition, 
our  Carrier  Ethernet  products  support  a  variety  of  applications  at  the  network  edge  ranging  from  mobile  backhaul  to  connecting 
enterprise customers (“Subscriber Solutions"). Our portfolio includes products for multi-gigabit service delivery over fiber or alternative 
media to homes and businesses. We support traditional chassis-based network solutions, such as the Total Access 5000 and hiX 5600. 
We  also  accelerate  the  industry’s  transition  to  open,  disaggregated  fiber  access  solutions  with  our  SDX  Series.  Data  streams  are 
aggregated via our XG400 product family and synchronized by our Oscilloquartz offerings (“Access and Aggregation Solutions”). All 
resulting traffic requires transport through fiber-based networks as supported by our FSP 3000 and MicroMux product families while 
the underlying infrastructure is monitored by our ALM product offering (“Optical Networking Solutions”). Our customers can use our 
Mosaic and Ensemble software suites to manage and orchestrate our complete portfolio of subscriber solutions, access and aggregation 
solutions and optical networking solutions. The Mosaic and Ensemble software suites include a mix of orchestration and management 
solutions that simplify the deployment and virtualization of next generation fiber networks. 

Services & Support Segment 

The Services & Support segment offers a comprehensive portfolio of network design, implementation, maintenance and cloud-hosted 
services supporting our Subscriber, Access and Aggregation, and Optical Networking Solutions. These services assist operators in the 
deployment of multi-vendor networks while reducing their cost to maintain these networks. The cloud-hosted services include a suite 
of SaaS applications under our Mosaic One platform that manages end-to-end network and service optimization for both fiber access 
infrastructure and mesh Wi-Fi connectivity. We back these services with a global support organization that offers on-site and off-site 
support services with varying SLAs. By pairing our network solutions with our global services and support organization, customers can 
turn to us as their single turnkey partner to assist with the deployment and maintenance of modern fiber-based networks to connect 
homes, businesses and datacenters with the metro or network core.  

Revenue Categories 

In addition to classifying our operations into two reportable segments, we report revenue across three categories of products and services: 
(1) Subscriber Solutions, (2) Access & Aggregation Solutions and (3) Optical Networking Solutions. 

20  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
Prior to the Business Combination with ADVA on July 15, 2022, we reported revenue across the following three categories: (1) Access 
& Aggregation, (2) Subscriber Solutions & Experience and (3) Traditional & Other Products. Following the Business Combination with 
ADVA, we have recast these revenues such that our former Access & Aggregation revenue is combined with a portion of the applicable 
ADVA solutions to create Access & Aggregation Solutions, our former Subscriber Solutions & Experience revenue is combined with a 
portion of the applicable ADVA solutions to create Subscriber Solutions, and the revenue from Traditional & Other products is now 
included in the applicable Access & Aggregation Solutions or Subscriber Solutions category. Optical Networking Solutions is a new 
revenue category added to represent a meaningful portion of ADVA’s portfolio. 

Our Subscriber Solutions portfolio is used by service providers to terminate their access services infrastructure at the customer premises 
while providing an immersive and interactive experience for residential, business and wholesale subscribers. This revenue category 
includes hardware and software based products and services. These solutions include fiber termination solutions for residential, business 
and  wholesale  subscribers,  Wi-Fi  access  solutions  for  residential  and  business  subscribers,  Ethernet  switching  and  network  edge 
virtualization solutions for business subscribers, and cloud software solutions covering a mix of subscriber types. 

Financial Information  21 

 
  
 
 
 
The Subscriber Solutions category includes the following products, software and services: 

Residential Gateways ("RGs"): 

 

 

Residential Gateways 

Gfast CPE 

Enterprise Connectivity: 

 

 

 

Traditional SSE 

Routers 

Switches 

Optical Networking Terminals ("ONTs"): 

 

EPON ONUs  

 
Edge Compute: 

GPON/XGS-PON ONTs 

 

Edge Cloud (VEC) 

Carrier Ethernet Network Interface Devices ("CE NIDs"): 

Software: 

  MCP  

 

AOE and ACI-E  

  Mosaic One   

 

Ensemble Controller 

 

 

 

 

FSP 150-GE110 

FSP 150-XG100  

FSP 150-XG210  

FSP 150-XG300   

 
Service: 

FSP 150-XG400-NIDs 

 

 

 

 

 

Build  

Care  

Training  

Professional Services  

Software Services  

  Managed Services  

Our Access & Aggregation Solutions are solutions that are used by communications service providers to connect residential subscribers, 
business subscribers and mobile radio networks to the service providers’ metro network, primarily through fiber-based connectivity. 
This revenue category includes hardware- and software based products and services. Our solutions within this category are a mix of 
fiber access and aggregation platforms, precision network synchronization and timing solutions, and access orchestration solutions that 
ensure highly reliable and efficient network performance. 

The Access & Aggregation category includes the following products, software and services: 

Optical Access: 

 

 

 

 

SDX OLT  

TA5000 Fiber  

Systems  

EPON OLT  

Aggregation products:  

 

 

SDX Aggregation  

FSP 150 XG400 

22  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

Broadband products: 

 

 

 

 

Gfast DPUs  

HiX  

Total Access FTTN  

Traditional Broadband  

Software:  

  MCP  

 

AOE and ACI-E  

  Mosaic One   

 

 

Ensemble Controller  

Ensemble Activator (Disaggregated NOS)  

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Synchronizations and Timing: 

Services: 

 

 

 

 

 

OSA CoreSync Cesium  

OSA CoreSync GM/SSU  

OSA EdgeSync+  

OSA EdgeSync  

OSA AccessSync  

 

 

 

 

 

Care  

Build 

Training  

Professional Services  

Software Services  

  Managed Services  

Our Optical Networking Solutions are used by communications service providers, internet content providers and large-scale enterprises 
to securely interconnect metro and regional networks over fiber. This revenue category includes hardware and software based products 
and services. Our solutions within this category includes open optical terminals, open line systems, optical subsystems and modules, 
network  infrastructure  assurance  systems,  and  automation  platforms  that  are  used  to  build  high-scale,  secure  and  assured  optical 
networks. 

The Optical Networking Solutions category includes the following products, software and services: 

Optical Transport: 

Pluggables: 

  MicroMux 

 

Pluggable Optics 

Active Line Moduling:  

 

 

16 ALM 

64 ALM 

 

 

FSP3000 R7  

FSP3000C  

  WDM Legacy  

Services:  

 

 

 

 

 

Build  

Care  

Training  

Professional Services  

Software Services  

  Managed Services  

Software:  

  MCP  

 

AOE and ACI-E  

  Mosaic One   

 

Ensemble Controller  

Financial Information  23 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Industry Overview 

The global growth of cloud and mobility, home office and mobile working, industrial applications and 5G are accelerating the demand 
for more bandwidth, requiring more flexible provisioning of telecommunications services and more precise network synchronization. 
Unprecedented levels of investment by communications service providers in their networks is being driven by the pursuit of growth in 
subscriber acquisition, retention, and average revenue per user, alongside the streamlining of operations to reduce operational costs and 
complexity, while lowering energy consumption and improving their overall ESG position. Drivers facilitating this network investment 
cycle include the evolution of government funding programs, private equity infrastructure investment appetite, regulatory broadband 
policies, competition, merger obligations and ever-increasing subscriber demand for higher speed broadband. 

Subscriber  demand  for  greater  bandwidth  continues  to  increase  as  connectivity  is  being  woven  ever  more  tightly  into  the  fabric  of 
everyone’s day-to-day lives. Increasing numbers of connected devices, shifting working arrangements, the transition of entertainment 
over to OTT video, along with the evolution of gaming towards subscription models where new hybrids of download and streaming are 
emerging globally. This is further compounded with the prevalence of IoT and the increasing transition of applications over to cloud-
based services and internet applications where recurring revenues replace one-time sales. Performance and user satisfaction are directly 
related  to  bandwidth  availability  and  service  robustness.  As  the  demand  for  high-definition  video  and  game  streaming  services, 
symmetric bandwidth for online collaboration, ever lower latency for interactive cloud applications and smart home video surveillance 
applications continue to increase, so too does the need for fiber-based broadband to every home, business and location of socioeconomic 
activity. 

In order to satisfy these complex requirements and deliver on the efficiency improvements demanded by operators, communications 
service providers are transitioning to full fiber access networks. This transition has created an unprecedented market opportunity where 
the comprehensive replacement of copper and coaxial networks along with the equipment that enables broadband over them, opens what 
has historically been a stagnant market to an entirely new wave of fresh competition. 

This new market entrance opportunity is further enhanced by shifts in the geopolitical landscape alongside architectural evolutions. 
Several vendors that once dominated the European and other markets have found themselves classified on the high-risk vendor register 
where resistance is increasingly emerging about their use in national network infrastructures. This further levels the playing field for the 
remaining vendor community. In their pursuit of efficiency, operators are embracing new architectures, reflecting those used throughout 
the web scale industry by the hyper-scalers. This is resulting in an additional inflection point where traditional access network equipment 
architectures are coming under increasing scrutiny about their longevity, efficiency and scalability. 

We aim to serve as a trusted partner to our customers. Working side-by-side with our customers, we assist them with maximizing the 
performance of their networks by providing a flexible path for their networks to evolve cost effectively over to full fiber while availing 
themselves of the benefits that web scale architectures deliver and helping to further monetize their investments. 

Our Strategy 

Our  strategy  is  to  provide  innovative  and  cost-effective  solutions  for  our  customers  that  enable  them  to  address  their  increasing 
broadband demand. Our solutions focus on technology transformations that are happening in broadband network infrastructure, home 
and business CPE and software platforms, and services needed to help our customers address increasing complexity while scaling to 
meet increasing consumer demands. ADVA’s technology complements ADTRAN’s portfolio and significantly expands the solutions 
set we can offer to our customers, helping them in their quest to enable the rapidly advancing digitalization of ecosystems around the 
world. Optical networking technology provides the scalable transmission capacity needed to handle bandwidth growth. Cloud access 
solutions allow the flexible and fast deployment of new communication services including state-of-the-art edge computing solutions, 
and the synchronization technology ensures maximum performance in the network. 

We aspire to be one of the top communication technology players in the world and the innovation leader around the converged edge, 
enabling the intelligent, self-optimizing, fiber-everywhere future. We plan to achieve this goal through innovation in network, home and 
business  technology  paired  with  a  customer-focused  organizational  structure  that  tailors  solutions  to  meet  the  needs  of  our  target 
customers.  ADTRAN  has  one  of  the  most  comprehensive  solutions  portfolios  that  empowers  operators  to  build  a  converged 
infrastructure from the metro core to the customer premise, serving all networking applications for residential, business, wholesale and 
mobile  users.  We  take  an  approach  to  our  portfolio  in  which  we  are  focused  in  specific  markets  where  we  can  offer  competitive 
differentiation and scale while also having enough diversity and breadth in the portfolio to provide end-to-end connectivity solutions 
that offer value to our customers. More specifically, our corporate strategy consists of the following elements: 

 

 

 

 

 

Leadership in fiber networking: Breadth of portfolio, open and advanced architecture, assured and secure connectivity.  

Growth in focus markets: More turnkey solutions and in-region resources, especially North America and EMEA.  

Investment in converged edge: Innovation in optics, security, AI-driven networking, virtualization, SaaS, etc. 

Transformation  through  software:  Open  and  cloud-centric  systems,  end-to-end  programmability,  simplification  through 
software, and innovative SaaS offerings. 

Diversification of customers: Cross-selling current portfolio, acquisition of new customers and partners based on larger 
portfolio and trusted supplier status.  

24  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 

Focus on sustainability: Science-based emissions targets, process-based product eco-design, optimization of operations, 
logistics and all packaging, circular-economy processes. 

Customers 

We have a diverse global customer base that includes Tier-1, -2 and -3 service providers, alternative service providers, such as utilities, 
municipalities and fiber overbuilders, cable/MSOs, SMBs and distributed enterprises. Many network operators require product approval 
before the purchase or installation of a product. The nature of our business involves a dynamic process of submitting new and succeeding 
generations of products for approval prior to orders being placed. 

One service provider customer individually comprised more than 10% of our revenue in 2022. Additionally, our revenue in the U.S., 
U.K. and Germany comprised more than 10% of our revenue in 2022. The revenue from this service provider and these countries is 
reported in both our Network Solutions and Services & Support segments. 

For a discussion of risks associated with customers, service providers and approval processes, see “Risk Factors – The lengthy sales 
and approval process required by service providers for new products could result in fluctuations in our revenue,” “Risk Factors – We 
depend heavily on sales to certain customers; the loss of any of these customers would significantly reduce our revenue and net income,” 
in Part I, Item 1A of this report. 

Distribution, Sales and Marketing 

We sell our products through our direct sales organization and our distribution network. Our direct sales organization supports major 
accounts and has offices in domestic and international locations. Sales to most smaller and independent telephone companies are fulfilled 
through a combination of direct sales and distributors. Our services offerings can be purchased directly from us or through one of our 
service providers, channel partners or distribution partners. 

Before placing an order, service providers typically require lengthy product qualification and standardization processes that can extend 
for several months or even years. Once approved, product orders are typically placed under single or multi-year supply agreements that 
are generally not subject to minimum volume commitments. Service providers generally prefer having two or more suppliers for most 
products.  Therefore,  individual  orders  are  usually  subject  to  competition  based  on  some  combination  of  total  value,  service,  price, 
delivery and other terms. 

Orders for end-user products are fulfilled through a combination of direct sales and distributors. This is supported by a direct sales 
organization for major accounts and a channel-based sales organization to facilitate sales to our partners. MSPs, VARs and SIs may be 
affiliated with us as channel partners, or they may purchase from a distributor in an unaffiliated fashion. Affiliated partners participate 
with  us  at  various  program  levels,  based  on  sales  volume  and  other  factors,  to  receive  benefits  such  as  product  discounts,  market 
development funds, technical support and training. 

Outside of the U.S., most service provider products are sold through our direct sales organization and end-user products are sold direct 
or through distribution arrangements customized for each region. Some regions are supported from a field office that offers sales and 
support functions, and in some cases, warehousing and manufacturing support. Our field sales organizations, distributors and service 
provider customers receive support from regional-based marketing, sales and customer support groups.  

Our marketing organization promotes all brands associated with us to key stakeholders, including customers, partners and prospects 
throughout the world. Marketing is complemented by product marketing and management teams that work with our engineering teams 
to develop and promote new products and services, as well as product enhancements. 

Financial Information  25 

 
  
 
Research and Development 

Rapidly  changing  technologies,  evolving  industry  standards,  changing  customer  requirements,  supply  constraints  and  continuing 
developments in communications service offerings characterize the markets for our products. Our on-going ability to adapt to these 
changes and to develop new and enhanced products that meet or anticipate market demand is the main factor influencing our competitive 
position and our ability to grow. 

Our product development activities are a central part of our strategy. We plan to maintain our emphasis on product development to 
enable us to respond to rapidly changing technology and evolving industry standards. Our research and development and engineering 
functions are global. We maintain research and development functions at multiple sites in the U.S., Europe, Israel and Asia. During the 
years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, research and development expenditures totaled $173.8 million, $108.7 million and 
$113.3 million, respectively. 

We  develop  the  majority  of  our  products  internally,  and  we  also  leverage  partners  for  some  solutions.  Additionally,  we  license 
intellectual property or acquire technologies. Internal development on advanced technology products gives us more control over design 
and  manufacturing  issues,  while  for  traditional  designs,  ODM  and/or  licensed  intellectual  property  provides  us  with  the  ability  to 
leverage the economies of scale of our technology partners. This balanced approach ensures we provide best-in-class solutions for our 
customers. 

As we continue to create more software-based intellectual property, such as our SDN/NFV portfolio, our use of lean agile practices in 
research and development ensures we remain responsive and customer-focused. This enables us to deliver products faster, at higher 
quality and more economically to our customers and the market on a continuous basis. 

Our  ability  to  continually  reduce  product  costs,  while  focusing on  delivery  and  quality,  are  important  parts  of  our  overall  business 
strategy.  Our  product  development  efforts  are  often  centered  on  entering  a  market  with  improved  technology,  enabling  us  to  offer 
products at competitive prices and compete for market share. In 2022, we again encountered supply chain disruptions and component 
shortages, which resulted in us re-engineering many of our products to work around component availability and end of life issues. See 
Inventory included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information regarding our supply chain disruptions. 

Development activities focus on solutions that support both existing and emerging communications industry technologies in segments 
that we consider viable revenue opportunities. We are actively engaged in developing and refining technologies to support data, voice 
and video transport primarily over IP/Ethernet and Optical network architectures. This includes optical transport, packet demarcation 
and aggregation, synchronization and fiber-optic access, DSL, access routing, Ethernet switching, wireless LANs, integrated access, 
converged services, VoIP, network management and professional services. In addition, we focus on vertical optical technologies like 
Silicon Photonics, as well as microelectronics in order to differentiate and fully control the vertical value stack of our solutions. In 2022, 
we released many market-leading products like additions to our SDX OLT range, new residential gateway and ONT families, outdoor 
packet demarcation devices, 100G packet demarcation, encryption/security products, 800G transport solutions and the unique Optical 
Cesium based atomic clocks. Furthermore, we enhanced our SaaS delivery abilities and Mosaic One software. 

Our  research  function  and  advanced  technology  team  is  driving  many  specific  research  projects  in  the  fields  of  sustainable  optical 
transmission, security, quantum communications, SDN and access technologies. It fosters differentiated product concepts and guides 
our various product design and engineering teams in IPR creation, industry and network standards and technological forecasting. 

We are an active participant in several SDOs and have assisted with the development of worldwide standards in many technologies. 

Our SDO activities are primarily in the area of broadband access, optical networking and synchronization. This includes involvement 
with the ITU-T, ATIS, ETSI, ONF and the BBF. We are involved in the evolution of optical access technologies on next-generation 
PON.  We  also  continue  to  be  involved  in  driving  optical  networking,  synchronization  and  SDN  standardization  and  participate  in 
industry-wide interoperability, performance-testing and system-level projects related to those standards in e.g. BBF and ONF. We are 
also members of MEF, TIA, CableLabs and TIP. 

For a discussion of risks associated with our research and development activities, see “Risk Factors – We must continue to update and 
improve our products and develop new products to compete and to keep pace with improvements in communications technology” and 
“Risk Factors – We engage in research and development activities to develop new, innovative solutions and to improve the application 
of developed technologies, and as a consequence may miss certain market opportunities enjoyed by larger companies with substantially 
greater research and development effort and which may focus on more leading edge development,” in Part I, Item 1A of this report. 

26  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
Manufacturing and Operations 

The principal steps in our manufacturing process include the purchase and management of materials, assembly, testing, final inspection, 
packing and shipping. We purchase parts and components for the assembly of some products from a large number of suppliers through 
a worldwide sourcing program. Additionally, we manage a process that identifies the components that are best purchased directly by 
contract manufacturers for use in the assembly of our products to achieve manufacturing efficiency, quality and cost objectives. Certain 
key components used in our products are currently available from a single source, and other key components are available from only a 
limited number of sources. In the past, we have experienced delays in the receipt of certain key components, which has resulted in delays 
in related product deliveries. We attempt to manage these risks through developing alternative sources, by staging inventories at strategic 
locations, through engineering efforts designed to prevent the necessity of certain components and by maintaining close contact and 
building long-term relationships with our suppliers. With the current global supply chain and transportation constraints, and limited 
availability  of  semiconductor  chips  and  other  components  of  our  products,  we  have  experienced  and  may  continue  to  experience 
extended lead times, increased logistics intervals and costs, and lower volume of products deliveries, which have and may continue to 
have a material adverse effect on our operating results and could have a material adverse effect on customer relations and our financial 
condition. We believe these supply chain challenges and their adverse impact on our industry will continue to ease during 2023. See 
Inventory included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information. 

We rely on subcontractors for assembly and testing of certain printed circuit board assemblies, sub-assemblies, chassis, enclosures and 
equipment shelves, and to purchase some of the raw materials used in such assemblies. We typically manufacture our lower-volume, 
higher-mix  products  and  build  and  test  product  prototypes  and  many  of  our  initial  production  units  at  our  manufacturing  site  in 
Huntsville,  Alabama.  We  later  transfer  the  production  of  higher-volume,  lower-mix  assemblies  to  our  subcontractors.  Subcontract 
assembly operations can lengthen fulfillment cycle times, but we believe we can respond more rapidly to uncertainties in incoming order 
rates  by  selecting  assembly  subcontractors  that  have  significant  reserve  capacity  and  flexibility.  Our  subcontractors  have  generally 
proven to be flexible and able to meet our quality requirements.  

We ship the majority of products to our U.S. customers from our facilities in Huntsville, Alabama and Norcross, Georgia. The majority 
of international customers are being served from our logistics hubs in Meiningen, Germany and York, United Kingdom. We also ship 
directly from subcontractors to a number of customers in the U.S. and international locations. Most of our facilities are certified pursuant 
to the most current releases of ISO 9001, TL 9000, ISO 14001 and ISO 27001. Our Huntsville, Alabama facilities and many of our key 
suppliers are C-TPAT certified. Our products are also certified to certain other customer, industry and privacy standards, including those 
relating to emission of electromagnetic energy and safety specifications. 

Our dependence on a limited number of suppliers for certain raw materials, key components and ODM products, combined with supply 
shortages,  have  prevented  and  may  continue  to  prevent  us  from  delivering  our  products  on  a  timely  basis,  which  has  had  and  may 
continue to have a material adverse effect on operating results and could have a material adverse effect on customer relations. 

For a discussion of risks associated with manufacturing activities, see “Risk Factors – Our strategy of outsourcing a portion of our 
manufacturing requirements to subcontractors located in various international regions may result in us not meeting our cost, quality or 
performance  standards”  and  “Risk  Factors  –  Our  dependence  on  a  limited  number  of  suppliers  for  certain  raw  materials,  key 
components and ODM products, combined with supply shortages, have prevented and may continue to prevent us from delivering our 
products on a timely basis, which has had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on operating results and could have a 
material adverse effect on customer relations,” in Part I, Item 1A of this report. 

Competition 

We  compete  in  markets  for  networking  and  communications  services  and  solutions  for  service  providers,  businesses,  government 
agencies  and  other  organizations  worldwide.  Our  products  and  services  provide  solutions  supporting  voice,  data  and  video 
communications  across  fiber-,  copper-,  coaxial-  and  wireless-based  infrastructure,  as  well  as  across  wide  area  networks,  local  area 
networks and the internet. 

We compete with a number of companies in the markets we serve. In the Subscriber Solutions & Experience category, our primary 
competitors include Calix, Cisco, CommScope, Juniper Networks, Ribbon Communications. In our Access & Aggregation solutions 
category,  key  competitors  include  Calix,  Casa  Systems,  Ciena,  CommScope,  DZS,  Harmonic,  Huawei,  Nokia,  Reliance/Radisys, 
Vecima  Networks  and  ZTE.  Main  competitors  of  our  Optical  Networking  solutions  portfolio  are  Ciena,  Cisco,  Ekinops,  Huawei, 
Infinera, Nokia, Ribbon and ZTE.  

Across our markets and segments, the principal competitive factors can include, among others: 

 

 

 

 

 

differentiated feature functionality of our products and solutions; 

price performance of our solutions and lowest total cost of ownership for customers; 

quality and reliability of our products; 

financial stability and health of our company; 

ability to manage supply chains and produce and deliver products in accordance with customer wish date; 

Financial Information  27 

 
  
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ability to innovate and provide customers with differentiated solutions, advantageous to their business model; 

compelling technology roadmap and R&D power; 

industry thought leadership and time to market with innovative solutions; 

country of origin for products and solutions and trusted supplier status; 

security of enterprise value chain, from design to product development, support processes, to products and solutions; 

energy  consumption  of  our  products  and  commitment  to  sustainability,  supporting  customers  in  achieving  their  climate 
goals; 

customer relationship and incumbency; 

ability to deliver comprehensive solutions with a high degree of automation and ease-of-use, including hardware, software 
and services; and 

broad range of services and support capabilities. 

For  further  discussion  of  risks  associated  with  our  competition,  see  “Risk  Factors  –  We  must  continue  to  update  and  improve  our 
products and develop new products to compete and to keep pace with improvements in communications technology” and “Risk Factors 
– We compete in markets that have become increasingly competitive, which may result in reduced gross profit margins and market 
share,” in Part I, Item 1A of this report. 

Seasonality 

We experience quarterly fluctuations in our revenue that occur due to many factors, including the varying budget cycles and seasonal 
buying patterns of our customers. More specifically, our customers tend to spend less in the first fiscal quarter as they are finalizing their 
annual  capital  spending  budgets.  These  seasonal  effects  may  continue  to  vary  and  do  not  always  correlate  to  our  operating  results. 
Accordingly, they should not be considered a reliable indicator of our future revenue or operating results. Additionally, the effects of 
the  dynamic  supply  and  demand  environment  we  have  experienced  in  recent  periods  may  impact  the  traditional  seasonality  in  our 
business.  

Foreign Currency 

Transactions  with  customers  that  are  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  are  recorded  using  the  appropriate  exchange  rates  from 
throughout the year. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured at the balance sheet dates using the closing 
rates of exchange between those foreign currencies and the functional currency with any transaction gains or losses reported in other 
income (expense). Our primary exposures to foreign currency exchange rate movements are with the Euro and the British pound sterling. 
Adjustments resulting from translating financial statements of international subsidiaries are recorded as a component of accumulated 
other comprehensive (loss) income. 

Inventory 

A substantial portion of our shipments in any fiscal period relates to orders received and shipped within that fiscal period for customers 
under agreements containing non-binding purchase commitments. Further, a significant percentage of orders require delivery within a 
few days. However, with the current global supply chain and transportation constraints, and limited availability of semiconductor chips 
and other components of our products, we have experienced and may continue to experience extended lead times, increased logistics 
intervals and costs, and lower volume of products deliveries, which have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on our 
operating results and could have a material adverse effect on our customer relations and our financial condition.  

We have seen increased demand for our products due to the Business Combination with ADVA, increased volume of sales activity to 
service provider customers and as a result of customer strategies designed to mitigate supply constraints and assure access to needed 
products. To meet this demand, we have enhanced and implemented supply chain management systems and processes to manage the 
materials planning and production processes. We maintain substantial inventories of raw materials for long lead time components to 
support  this  demand  and  avoid  expedite  fees.  In  the  current  environment,  our  raw  material  inventory  has  grown  due  to  increased 
purchases in preparation for strategic inventory buffer purchases as well as new product ramp ups to ensure supply continuity during 
the COVID-19 pandemic. We expect inventory levels to fluctuate as we attempt to maintain sufficient inventory in response to COVID-
19 uncertainties related to supply chain and supply, seasonal cycles of our business and ensuring competitive lead times while managing 
the risk of inventory. We also maintain substantial finished goods inventories. Our practice of maintaining sufficient inventory levels to 
assure prompt delivery of our products and services increases the amount of inventory that may be considered excess and/or obsolete. 
This excess and obsolete inventory may require us to write down the value of the inventory, which may have an adverse effect on our 
operating results. 

For further discussion of risks associated with managing our inventory, see “Risk Factors – Managing our inventory is complex and 
may include write-downs of excess or obsolete inventory,” in Part I, Item 1A of this report. 

28  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
Government Regulation 

Our products must comply with various regulations and standards established by communications authorities in various countries, as 
well as those of certain international bodies. Environmental legislation within the EU may increase our cost of doing business as we 
amend our products to comply with these requirements. For example, the EU issued the RoHS directive, the WEEE directive and the 
REACH  regulation.  We  continue  to  implement  measures  to  comply  with  these  and  other  similar  directives  and  regulations  from 
additional countries. 

We strive to deliver innovative network access solutions that lower the total cost and reduce the time of deploying services, increase the 
level  of  performance  achievable  with  established  infrastructures,  reduce  operating  and  capital  expenses  for  our  customers,  increase 
network bandwidth and functionality, and extend network reach. Our development process is conducted in accordance with ISO 9001, 
TL 9000, ISO 14001, and ISO 27001, all of which are international standards for quality and environmental management systems. We 
strive to ensure that our corporate practices also conform to GDPR requirements, which protect digital data for all EU residents, and to 
other applicable data protection laws, including the California Consumer Privacy Act. To date, our compliance actions and costs relating 
to these laws, rules and regulations have not resulted in a material cost or effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive 
position. 

For further discussion of risks associated with government regulation, see “Risk Factors – We are subject to complex and evolving U.S. 
and foreign laws, regulations and standards governing the conduct of our business. Violations of these laws and regulations may harm 
our business, subject us to penalties and to other adverse consequences.” 

Environmental, Social, and Governance 

We believe that as we follow our corporate vision to enable a fully connected world, we must continue to be responsible corporate 
citizens.  As  more  people  are  connected,  work  and  life  can  be  accomplished  using  fewer  resources.  We  have  established  ESG  and 
Sustainability programs and policies that encompass the elements of Environmental, Health & Safety, Ethics, Labor, and Management 
Systems  in  alignment  with  the  ISO  26000  Guidelines.  We  are  committed  to  operating  in  full  compliance  with  the  laws,  rules  and 
regulations of all the countries in which we operate. The major aims of our program are eliminating waste and emissions, maximizing 
energy  efficiency  and  productivity  and  minimizing  practices  that  can  adversely  affect  utilization  of  natural  resources  by  coming 
generations.  Our  ESG  programs  are  important  to  us.  ESG  is  a  dedicated  focus  throughout  the  company.  We  have  Board  oversight 
including an ESG Committee, strong management support and engagement from our employees. 

Areas of focus in our environmental sustainability program include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

established an ESG Committee of the Board of Directors; 

maintained our mature environmental management system certified to ISO 14001 from 2006; 

advanced  our  Energy  Management  program  where  we  have  continually  set  targets  for  reduced  energy  and  water 
consumption since 2005; 

continued investment in Wind Renewable Energy Credits; 

purchased certified carbon offsets to achieve net zero for our Scope 1 emissions; 

continued to monitor and report our carbon emissions to CDP; 

adopted a platform to engage top suppliers to obtain an ESG assessment aligned with international standards, allowing us 
to monitor ESG risks in our supply chain; 

the Technology organization established Eco-Design guidelines; 

completed an initial Life Cycle Assessment pilot; 

initiated innovative packaging solutions to reduce materials and waste; 

committed to SBTi for Net Zero targets within the next two years; 

increased  visibility  of  our  program  internally  and  externally  through  customer  engagement,  joining  peer  sustainability 
groups, offering training to team members and web site enhancements; 

implemented GRI standards; and  

actively engaged our stakeholders with investor and supply chain assessments 

For further discussion of risks associated with government regulation, see “Risk Factors – Expectations relating to environmental, 
social and governance considerations expose the Company to potential liabilities, increased costs, reputational harm, and other adverse 
effects on the Company’s business.”  

Financial Information  29 

 
  
 
 
ESG Report 

Due to certain regulations, proceedings of the merger and the operations of ADTRAN and ADVA during 2022 there will be separate 
reports published for the two organizations. These ESG reports provide additional information regarding ADTRAN Holding’s ESG 
program. Within the report is information on our environmental programs, initiatives related to our people and our community. This 
information can be found on our website at: www.adtran.com/en/about-us/esg/environmental. No information contained on our website 
is intended to be included as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this report. 

Human Capital 

We believe that our most valuable asset is our people. To ensure we continue to succeed, our objective is to be able to recruit, hire and 
retain top talent. Our ability to attract and retain a high-quality workforce is dependent on our ability to maintain a diverse, equitable 
and  inclusive  workplace  that  provides  opportunities  for  our  employees  to  learn  and  grow  in  their  careers.  This  is  supported  by 
competitive  compensation  and  benefits,  along  with  strong  community  service  and  other  programs  that  enable  employees  to  build 
connections within the community. 

As of December 31, 2022, we had 3,307 full-time employees, with 1,417 in the U.S. and 1,890 in our international subsidiaries located 
in  North America,  Latin  America,  EMEA and APAC  regions.  1,948 of  these  full-time  employees  are  employees of  ADVA  and  its 
subsidiaries.  We  also  utilized  177  contractors  and  numerous  temporary  employees  domestically  and  internationally  in  various 
manufacturing, engineering, sales and general and administrative capacities. We believe that our relationship with our employees is 
good. We have a diverse employee base located in 37 countries. We pride ourselves on a highly educated workforce, and the majority 
of our employees serve in engineering, information technology and technical roles within the organization.  

As of December 31, 2022, approximately 170 employees (75%) of ADTRAN GmbH were subject to collective bargaining agreements 
of either the Association of Metal and Electrical Industry in Berlin and Brandenburg e.V. or NORDMETALL Association of Metal and 
Electrical  Industry  e.V.  Although  these  collective  bargaining  agreements  will  expire  on  September  30,  2024,  negotiations  with  the 
employees of ADTRAN GmbH for a new collective bargaining agreement are ongoing and we have not experienced any work stoppage. 
As of December 31, 2022, ADVA had 85 employees in Switzerland, France, Italy, Finland and Spain that were subject to collective 
bargaining agreements of different associations. None of our other employees are subject to collective bargaining agreements. 

Additionally, we continually work to recruit technical talent in diverse communities through our cooperative education program. This 
program seeks to identify college students that major in relevant technological areas and expose them to our work environment on an 
alternating semester basis. Our goal is to retain as many of these students as possible for full-time employment after graduation building 
our organization's future. 

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion 

We believe that maintaining a diverse and inclusive workforce is critical to the success of our business. We encourage an environment 
where individuality is embraced regardless of age, gender, identity, race, sexual orientation, physical or mental ability, ethnicity and 
perspective and where each employee is accepted and respected and can, therefore, bring their most authentic self to work.  

In addition to diversity in our workforce, we seek to ensure diversity in our Board of Directors with respect to skills, experience, gender, 
race and ethnicity. Our Board of Directors is comprised of nine members, three of which are females and three of which are ethnically 
diverse. Additionally, the Board of Directors has a diversity of skills and experience with respect to accounting and finance, management 
and leadership, vision and strategy, business operations, business judgment, crisis management, risk assessment, industry knowledge, 
corporate governance and global markets. 

Health, Safety and Wellness 

The well-being of our employees is paramount to the continued success of our business. To this end, we are committed to each of our 
employees' health, safety and wellness. We provide our employees with access to various health and wellness benefits designed to enable 
them and their family members to have affordable access to health, dental and vision insurance. Additionally, we offer access to many 
programs that provide additional monetary support in the event of a qualifying incident, including accident insurance, life insurance and 
hospital indemnity insurance, among others. We understand that mental health is an essential aspect of our employees’ wellbeing. As a 
result, we offer an employee assistance program at no charge to employees and their family members. This program provides access to 
qualified personnel to address various issues such as grief, financial stress, family and emotional issues. 

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented significant changes that were determined to be in the best interest of our 
employees and the communities in which we operate. We introduced enhanced health and safety standards that are in compliance with, 
or exceed, local, state and federal recommendations and regulations in the U.S. and at our international locations. This includes having 
our global employees work from home, hybrid or on-site. In areas where it is necessary to have critical, on-site personnel, such as at our 
manufacturing facilities, additional health and safety measures have been implemented to provide the safest environment possible for 
these workers. 

30  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
Compensation and Benefits 

We continually work to provide a competitive compensation and benefits program as this plays a key role in our ability to attract and 
retain  a  highly  skilled  workforce.  In  addition  to  salaries,  these  programs,  which  vary  by  country/region,  include  long-term  equity 
incentive awards with certain vesting requirements, deferred compensation plans (which are offered to certain members of executive 
management),  a  401(k)  plan,  healthcare  and  insurance  benefits,  health  savings  and  flexible  spending  accounts,  paid  time  off,  paid 
volunteer time off, employee assistance program and tuition assistance. Additionally, at our global headquarters in Alabama, we offer 
our employees certain on-site services, including nurse practitioner care and a fitness center, among others. 

Talent Development 

We invest significant resources to develop the talent needed to remain a market-leading global supplier of broadband infrastructure. We 
offer numerous training opportunities on both technical and professional development topics. We utilize tools and processes to provide 
performance feedback which helps develop high potential employees into becoming our future leaders. 

Our  Career  Development  Program  provides  an  opportunity  for  employees  to  shape  their  career  journey.  The  program  provides 
opportunities for employees to develop competencies in areas including technology, business acumen, emotional intelligence, design 
and  systems  thinking.  As  employees  increase  their  competencies  in  these  areas  and  master  skills  within  their  individual  roles,  this 
program offers a variety of career advancement paths. Employees also have access to the ADTRAN Learning Network. This platform 
houses all required training, as well as optional training in a variety of areas. 

Intellectual Property 

ADTRAN develops and owns a significant amount of intellectual property. We hold over 1,000 patents worldwide related to our products 
and over 50 additional pending patent applications. Our patents expire at various dates between 2023 and 2041. We continue to seek 
additional patents related to our research and development activities. We do not derive any material amount of revenue from the licensing 
of our patents. 

The ADTRAN corporate logo is a registered trademark of ours, as is the name “ADTRAN”, “SmartRG” and a number of our product 
identifiers and names. We also claim rights to a number of unregistered trademarks. 

We protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights in accordance with good legal and business practices. We believe, however, 
that our competitive success will not fully depend on the ownership of intellectual property, but instead will depend primarily on the 
innovative skills, technical competence and marketing abilities of our personnel. 

The communications industry is characterized by the existence of an ever-increasing volume of patent litigation and licensing activities. 
We have received,  and  may continue  to receive, notices of  claims  alleging  that we  are  infringing upon  patents or  other  intellectual 
property. We cannot predict whether we will prevail in any claims or litigation over alleged infringements, or whether we will be able 
to  license  any valid  and  infringed patents, or other  intellectual  property,  on  commercially  reasonable  terms. It  is  possible  that  such 
litigation may result in significant legal costs and judgments and that intellectual property infringement claims, or related litigation 
against or by us could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. 

For a discussion of risks associated with our intellectual property and proprietary rights, see “Risk Factors – Our failure to maintain 
rights to intellectual property used in our business could adversely affect the development, functionality, and commercial value of our 
products” in Part I, Item 1A of this report. 

Financial Information  31 

 
  
 
 
Information about our Executive Officers 

Set forth below is certain information regarding our current executive officers. The age of each executive set forth below is as of February 
28, 2023. 

Thomas R. Stanton 
2007 to present 

  Age 58 
  Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board 

Michael K. Foliano 
2019 to present 
2006 to 2019 

  Age 62 
  Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer 
  Senior Vice President of Operations 

Christoph Glingener 
2022 to present 
2007 to 2022 

  Age 54 
  Chief Executive Officer (ADVA Optical Networking SE) 
  Chief Technology Officer of ADVA Optical Networking SE 

James D. Wilson, Jr. 
2019 to present 
2015 – 2019 
2006 – 2015 

  Age 52 
  Chief Revenue Officer 
  Senior Vice President of Technology and Strategy 
  Senior Vice President and General Manager of Carrier Networks 

There are no family relationships among our directors or executive officers. 

Availability of Information 

We  file  annual  reports  on  Form  10-K,  quarterly  reports  on  Form  10-Q,  current  reports  on  Form  8-K,  proxy  statements  and  other 
information as required with the SEC. The SEC maintains an internet website, http://www.sec.gov, that contains reports, proxy and 
information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including ADTRAN, that file electronically with them. Additionally, 
our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports, if 
applicable, filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available 
free  of  charge  under  the  Investor  Relations  section  of  our  website,  www.adtran.com,  as  soon  as  reasonably  practicable  after  we 
electronically file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. The reference to our website address does not constitute incorporation by 
reference of the information contained on the website, which information should not be considered part of this report. 

32  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 

Our  business  involves  substantial  risks.  Any  of  the  risk  factors  described  below  or  elsewhere  in  this  report  could  significantly  and 
adversely affect our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations. The risks described below are not the only ones 
facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also adversely 
affect us.  

Risks related to the Business Combination and DPLTA 

We may fail to realize the anticipated strategic and financial benefits sought from the Business Combination. 

We may not realize all of the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination. The success of the Business Combination will depend 
on, among other things, our ability to combine our business with ADVA’s business in a manner that facilitates growth as a provider of 
fiber networking solutions and realizes anticipated cost savings. We believe that the Business Combination provides an opportunity for 
revenue growth in optical transport solutions, fiber access solutions and subscriber solutions. 

Additionally, our ability to realize anticipated benefits of the Business Combination could be affected by a number of other factors, 
including: the need for greater than expected cash or other financial resources or management time in order to integrate ADVA; increases 
in other expenses related to the Business Combination, including restructuring and other exit costs; the timing and impact of purchase 
accounting adjustments; accounting for IFRS to U.S. GAAP adjustments; difficulties in employee or management integration; the impact 
of appraisal proceedings in connection with the DPLTA; and unanticipated liabilities associated with the Business Combination. Any 
potential cost-saving opportunities may take several years following the Business Combination to implement, and any results of these 
actions may not be realized for several years thereafter, if at all. 

However, we must successfully combine the business in a manner that permits these anticipated benefits to be realized. In addition, we 
must achieve the anticipated growth and cost savings without adversely affecting current revenues and investments in future growth. 
Further,  providing  integrated  fiber  networking  solutions  can  be  highly  complex  and  can  involve  the  design,  development, 
implementation and operation of new solutions and the transitioning of clients from traditional platforms to new platforms. If we are not 
able to effectively provide different solutions and successfully achieve the growth and cost savings objectives, the anticipated benefits 
of the Business Combination may not be realized fully, or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected. 

We have experienced operational challenges and may also experience negative synergies and loss of customers. 

Integrating  the  operations  and  personnel  of  the  ADTRAN  and  ADVA  businesses  involves  complex  operational,  technological  and 
personnel-related challenges. This process has been and will continue to be time-consuming and expensive, and it has and may continue 
to disrupt our business. Difficulties in the integration of the business, which may result in significant costs and delays, include:  

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managing a significantly larger company; 

integrating and unifying the offerings and services available to customers and coordinating distribution and marketing 
efforts; 

coordinating corporate and administrative infrastructures and harmonizing insurance coverage; 

unanticipated issues in coordinating accounting, information technology, communications, administration and other 
systems; 

difficulty addressing possible differences in corporate cultures and management philosophies; 

challenges associated with converting ADVA's financial reporting from international financial reporting standards (IFRS) 
to accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (U.S GAAP) and compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 
2002, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder by the SEC; 

legal and regulatory compliance; 

dual market filing and publications obligations; 

creating and implementing uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies; 

litigation relating to the transactions contemplated by a reorganization, including shareholder litigation; 

diversion of management’s attention from other operations; 

maintaining existing agreements and relationships with customers, distributors, providers and vendors and avoiding delays 
in entering into new agreements with prospective customers, distributors, providers and vendors; 

realizing the benefits from our restructuring programs; 

unforeseen and unexpected liabilities related to the Business Combination, including the risk that certain executive 
officers may be subject to additional fiduciary duties and liability; 

Financial Information  33 

 
  
 

 

 

identifying and eliminating redundant and underperforming functions and assets; 

effecting actions that may be required in connection with obtaining regulatory approvals; and 

a deterioration of credit ratings. 

We have and may continue to lose customers or our share of customers’ business as entities that were customers of both ADTRAN 
and AVDA seek to diversify their suppliers of services and products. 

34  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
The terms of the DPLTA may have a material adverse effect on our financial results and condition. 

On January 16, 2023, the DPLTA with ADVA became effective. The DPLTA allows us to issue binding instructions to the management 
board of ADVA, which could be disadvantageous to ADVA and result in a decline in the business and earnings power of ADVA. This 
could have a material adverse effect on the assets, financial position and income of ADVA, which in turn could have a material adverse 
effect on our financial condition. 

Additionally, pursuant to the terms of the DPLTA, each ADVA shareholder (other than the Company) has received an offer to elect 
either (1) to remain an ADVA shareholder and receive from us an Annual Recurring Compensation payment, or (2) to receive Exit 
Compensation. Assuming all of the minority holders of currently outstanding ADVA shares were to elect the second option, we would 
be obligated to make aggregate Exit Compensation payments of approximately EUR 310.6 million or approximately $333.2 million. 
based on an exchange rate as of December 31, 2022. Shareholders electing the first option of Annual Recurring Compensation may later 
elect the second option. The opportunity for outside ADVA shareholders to tender ADVA shares in exchange for Exit Compensation 
expires on March 16, 2023 (subject to appraisal proceedings). Our obligation to pay Annual Recurring Compensation under the DPLTA 
would lead to a continuing payment obligation, which would amount to approximately EUR $10.6 million, or $11.4 million based on 
the current exchange rate, per year assuming none of the minority ADVA shareholders were to elect Exit Compensation. The foregoing 
amounts do not reflect any potential increase in payment obligations that we may have depending on the outcome of ongoing appraisal 
proceedings in Germany. 

The amount of this Annual Recurring Compensation payment obligation pursuant to the DPLTA could exceed the amount of dividends 
that otherwise might be distributed by ADVA to minority shareholders and would even have to be paid if ADVA incurs losses, which 
could have a material adverse impact on our financial results and financial condition. 

We are exposed to additional litigation risk and uncertainty with respect to the remaining minority shareholders of ADVA, which 
litigation may require us to pay a higher purchase price for additional ADVA shares than the amount provided for under the DPLTA. 

As a result of the Business Combination, we continue to be exposed to litigation risk and uncertainty associated with the remaining 
minority  shareholders  of  ADVA.  The  terms  of  the  DPLTA,  including  the  adequacy  of  compensation  payments  to  minority  ADVA 
shareholders under the terms of the DPLTA, have been challenged by minority shareholders of ADVA by initiating court-led appraisal 
proceedings under German law. We cannot rule out that the competent court in these appraisal proceedings may adjudicate higher Exit 
Compensation or Annual Recurring Compensation payment obligations (in each case, including interest thereon) than agreed upon in 
the DPLTA, the financial impact and timing of which is uncertain. 

We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant transaction fees and costs in connection with the Business Combination 
and post-closing integration efforts. 

We  have  incurred  and  expect  to  continue  to  incur  a  number  of  significant  non-recurring  implementation  and  restructuring  costs 
associated with combining the operations of ADTRAN and ADVA. In addition, we have incurred significant banking, legal, accounting 
and other transaction fees and costs related to the Business Combination. As of December 31, 2022, we have incurred $26.1 million of 
transaction costs related to the Business Combination. 

We expect to incur additional integration costs, as well costs associated with the implementation of the DPLTA and such costs are 
expected to be material. 

Any cost savings or other efficiencies related to the integration of the businesses that could offset these transaction- and combination-
related costs over time may not be achieved in the near term, or at all. In addition, the timeline in which cost savings are expected to be 
realized is lengthy and may not be achieved. Failure to realize these synergies and cost reductions and other efficiencies in a timely 
manner or at all could have a material adverse effect on our business and cash flows, financial condition and results of operations. 

We incurred a substantial amount of indebtedness in connection with the Business Combination and the DPLTA. Our failure to 
meet our debt service obligations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 

Subsequent to the closing of the Business Combination, we entered into a new credit facility providing for borrowings of up to $400 
million and under which we have incurred $60.0 million of indebtedness as of December 31, 2022. Subsequent to the closing of the 
Business  Combination,  ADVA  entered  into  a  new  revolving  line  of  credit  with  Norddeutsche  Landesbank  -  Girozentrale  which  it 
subsequently repaid and terminated, and a revolving line of credit with DZ Bank. As of December 31, 2022, ADVA had borrowings of 
$16.1 million and $9.1 million of borrowings under the two revolving lines of credit, respectively. Additionally, subsequent to December 
31, 2022, the Company borrowed an additional $127.5 million under the new credit facility, a portion of which was used to pay down 
and retire ADVA's notes payable and credit facility agreements except for ADVA's new revolving line of credit with DZ Bank, which 
remains outstanding. See “Cash Requirements” in Part I, Item 7 of this report for additional information. 

Our increased indebtedness could adversely affect our operations and liquidity. Our level of indebtedness could, among other things:  

 

make  it  more  difficult  for  us  to  pay  or  refinance  our  debts  as  they  become  due  during  adverse  economic  and  industry 
conditions because we may not have sufficient cash flows to make its scheduled debt payments; 

Financial Information  35 

 
  
 

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cause us to use a larger portion of our cash flow to fund interest and principal payments, reducing the availability of cash to 
fund working capital, capital expenditures, research and development and other business activities; 

make it more difficult for us to continue to pay the current dividend or cause us to reduce the dividend paid to the Company's 
stockholders; 

limit our ability to take advantage of significant business opportunities, such as acquisition opportunities, and to react to 
changes in market or industry conditions; 

cause us to be more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions; 

cause us to be disadvantaged compared to competitors with less leverage; and 

limit  our  ability  to  borrow  additional  money  in  the  future  to  fund  working  capital,  capital  expenditures,  research  and 
development and other general corporate purposes. 

Our ability to satisfy our debt obligations and renew the credit facility is dependent upon our future performance and other risk factors 
discussed in this section. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to manage any of these risks successfully. In addition, 
the credit agreement governing our indebtedness contains restrictive covenants that limit our ability to engage in activities that may be 
in our long-term best interest. Our failure to comply with those covenants could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, 
could result in the acceleration of all its debt. 

We may also incur additional long-term debt and working capital lines of credit to meet future financing needs, which would increase 
our total indebtedness. Although the terms of its existing and future credit agreements and of the indentures governing its debt contain 
restrictions on the incurrence of additional debt, including secured debt, these restrictions are subject to a number of important exceptions 
and  debt  incurred  in  compliance  with  these  restrictions  could  be  substantial.  If  we  or  our  restricted  subsidiaries  incur  significant 
additional debt, the related risks that we face could intensify. 

We may be unable to successfully retain and motivate our personnel, including personnel at ADVA. 

The success of the Business Combination and our post-closing integration efforts depends, in part, on our ability to retain the talents and 
dedication of key employees, including key decision-makers, currently employed by ADTRAN, Inc. and ADVA. Some of our employees 
have decided and others may decide not to remain with us as a result of the Business Combination. If key employees terminate their 
employment, or if an insufficient number of employees are retained to maintain effective operations, our business activities may be 
adversely affected and management’s attention may be diverted from successfully integrating ADTRAN and ADVA to hiring suitable 
replacements,  all  of  which  may  cause  our  business  to  deteriorate.  We  may  not  be  able  to  locate  suitable  replacements  for  any  key 
employees who leave or offer employment to potential replacements on reasonable terms. In addition, we may not be able to motivate 
certain key employees due to organizational changes, reassignments of responsibilities, the perceived lack of appropriate opportunities 
for advancement or other reasons. If we fail to successfully retain and motivate our employees, relevant capabilities and expertise may 
be lost which may have an adverse effect on our cash flows, financial condition, results of operations and the business operations in 
general. 

The terms of our and ADVA's credit agreements restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to 
changes or to take certain actions. 

Our  Credit  Agreement  and  ADVA's  revolving  line  of  credit  with  DZ  Bank  contain  a  number  of  restrictive  covenants  that  impose 
significant operating and financial restrictions on us and/or our subsidiaries and may limit our ability to engage in acts that may be in 
our long-term best interest, including restrictions on our and/or our subsidiaries' ability to:  

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incur additional indebtedness and guarantee indebtedness; 

pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem capital stock; 

prepay, redeem or repurchase certain debt; 

issue certain preferred stock or similar equity securities; 

make loans and investments; 

sell assets; 

incur liens; 

enter into transactions with affiliates; 

alter the businesses we conduct; and 

consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets. 

36  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
In addition, the restrictive covenants in such credit facilities require us and/or our subsidiaries to maintain specified financial ratios and 
satisfy other financial condition tests. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control, 
and we may be unable to meet them. 

A breach of the covenants or restrictions under such credit facilities could result in an event of default. Such a default may allow the 
creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default 
provision applies. In addition, an event of default under such credit facilities would permit the lenders to terminate all commitments to 
extend further credit under the applicable facility. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under such 
credit facilities, those lenders could proceed against the collateral granted them to secure that indebtedness. In the event our lenders or 
noteholders  accelerate  the  repayment  of  our  borrowings,  we  and  our  subsidiaries  may  not  have  sufficient  assets  to  repay  that 
indebtedness. As a result of these restrictions, we may be: 

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limited in how we conduct our business; 

unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns; and 

unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities. 

Financial Information  37 

 
  
These  restrictions  may  affect  our  ability  to  grow  in  accordance  with  our  strategy.  In  addition,  our  financial  results,  our  substantial 
indebtedness and our credit ratings could adversely affect the availability and terms of our financing. 

We could be required to recognize impairment charges related to goodwill and other intangible assets. 

The Business Combination added a significant amount of goodwill and other intangible assets to our consolidated balance sheets. In 
accordance with U.S. GAAP, management periodically assesses these assets to determine if they are impaired. Significant negative 
industry or economic trends, disruptions to our business, the inability to effectively integrate acquired businesses, the underperformance 
of our business as compared to management’s initial expectations, unexpected significant changes or planned changes in use of the 
assets, divestitures, and market capitalization declines may impair goodwill and other intangible assets. Any charges relating to such 
impairments could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations in the periods recognized.  

Negative publicity related to integration measures may adversely affect us. 

Political and public sentiment in connection with post-closing integration measures following the Business Combination may result in 
a significant amount of adverse press coverage and other adverse public statements. Adverse press coverage and public statements, 
whether or not driven by political or popular sentiment, may also result in legal claims or in investigations by regulators, legislators and 
law enforcement officials. Responding to these investigations and lawsuits, regardless of the ultimate outcome of the proceedings, can 
divert the time and effort of senior management from operating the business. Addressing any adverse publicity, governmental scrutiny 
or enforcement or other legal proceedings could be time-consuming and expensive and, regardless of the factual basis for the assertions 
being made, could have a negative impact on our reputation, on the morale and performance of our employees and on our relationships 
with regulators, suppliers and customers. It may also have a negative impact on our ability to take timely advantage of various business 
and market opportunities. The direct and indirect effects of negative publicity, and the demands of responding to and addressing it, may 
have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations. 

Risks related to our financial results and Company success 

Our revenue for a particular period can be difficult to predict, and a shortfall in revenue may harm our operating results. 

As a result of the many factors discussed in this report, our revenue for a particular quarter is difficult to predict and will fluctuate from 
quarter  to  quarter.  Typically,  our  customers  request  product  delivery  within  a  short  period  following  our  receipt  of  an  order. 
Consequently, we do not typically carry a significant order backlog and are dependent upon obtaining orders and completing delivery 
in accordance with shipping terms that are predominantly within each quarter to achieve our targeted revenue. Supply of semiconductor 
chips and other components of our products has become constrained resulting in extended lead times and increased costs. Transportation 
constraints,  including  shortages  for  both  air  and  surface  freight,  as  well  as  labor  shortages  in  the  transportation  industry,  have  also 
affected the timing and the cost of obtaining raw materials and production supplies. As a result, our gross margin percentage declined 
in the second half of 2021 and throughout 2022. If supply chain constraints and transportation constraints continue, it could cause our 
net revenue and gross profit to decline or to grow at a slower rate than in previous quarters. Our deployment/installation cycle can also 
vary depending on the customer’s schedule, site readiness, network size and complexity and other factors, which can cause our revenue 
to fluctuate from period to period. Our ability to meet financial expectations could also be affected if the variable revenue patterns seen 
in  prior  quarters  recur  in  future  quarters.  We  have  experienced  periods  of  time  during  which  manufacturing  issues  have  delayed 
shipments, leading to variable shipping patterns. In addition, to the extent that manufacturing issues and any related component shortages 
continue to result in delayed shipments in the future, and particularly in quarters in which we and our subcontractors are operating at 
higher levels of capacity, it is possible that revenue for a quarter could be adversely affected, and we may not be able to remediate the 
conditions within the same quarter. Currently, our revenue growth and profitability in the near-term are being impacted by supply chain 
constraint issues. While we are working closely with our suppliers and customers to address the near-term supply chain challenges 
facing  the  industry  and  believe  these  challenges  will  continue  to  lessen  and  will  begin  to  normalize  during  2023,  there  can  be  no 
assurance this will be the case.  

In the past, under certain market conditions, long manufacturing lead times have caused our customers to place the same order multiple 
times. When multiple ordering occurs, along with other factors, it may cause difficulty in predicting our revenue and, as a result, could 
impair our ability to manage inventory effectively. 

We  plan  our  operating  expense  levels  based  primarily  on  forecasted  revenue  levels.  These  expenses  and  the  impact  of  long-term 
commitments are  relatively  fixed  in  the  short  term. A  shortfall  in revenue  could  lead  to  operating results  being below  expectations 
because we may not be able to quickly reduce these fixed expenses in response to short-term business changes. 

The lengthy sales and approval process required by service providers for new products could result in fluctuations in our revenue. 

In the industry in which we compete, sales and approval cycles are often lengthy. Selling efforts often involve a significant commitment 
of time and resources by us and our customers that may include extensive product testing, laboratory or network certification, or region-
specific product certification and homologation requirements for deployment in networks. Additionally, a supplier must first obtain 
product approval from a major or other service provider to sell its products to these service providers. This process can last from six to 
eighteen months, or longer, depending on the technology, the service provider and the demand for the product from the service provider’s 
subscribers. Consequently, we are involved in a constant process of submitting for approval succeeding generations of products, as well 
as products that deploy new technology or respond to new technology demands from a major or other service provider. We have been 

38  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
successful in the past in obtaining these approvals; however, we cannot be certain that we will obtain these approvals in the future or 
that sales of these products will continue to occur. Any attempt by a major or other service provider to seek out additional or alternative 
suppliers, or to undertake, as permitted under applicable regulations, the production of these products internally, could have a material 
adverse effect on our operating results. Furthermore, the delay in sales until the completion of the approval process, the length of which 
is difficult to predict, could result in fluctuations of revenue and uneven operating results from quarter to quarter or year to year. Further, 
once customer approval or certifications are met, our supply chain customers typically do not guarantee us a minimum, or any, volume 
of sales. We are dependent on individual purchase orders as discussed elsewhere in this report. 

We depend heavily on sales to certain customers; the loss of any of these customers or a significant project would significantly reduce 
our revenue and net income. 

Historically,  a  large  percentage  of  our  revenue  has  been  made  to  major  service  providers  and  larger  independent  communications 
companies. As long as the major and larger independent communications companies represent such a substantial percentage of our total 
revenue, our future success will significantly depend upon certain factors which are not within our control, including: 

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the timing and size of future purchase orders, if any, from these customers; 

changes in strategic plans and capital budgets of these customers; 

the product requirements of these customers; 

the subscriber take rate, including subscriber loss or churn, of our customers; 

the financial and operational success of these customers; 

the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on these customers; 

consolidation, acquisition of, or corporate reorganization among these customers; 

the success of these customers' services deployed using our products; and 

the impact of work stoppages at these customers. 

In the past, revenue to our large customers have fluctuated, and may fluctuate in the future, significantly from quarter to quarter and 
year to year. The loss of, or a significant reduction or delay in, revenue to any such customer or the occurrence of revenue fluctuations 
could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Further, any attempt by a major or other service provider 
to seek out additional or alternative suppliers or to undertake, as permitted under applicable regulations, the production of these products 
internally, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. 

There has been a trend toward industry consolidation in our markets for several years. We expect this trend to continue as companies 
attempt to strengthen or hold their market positions or are unable to continue operations. This could lead to variability in our operating 
results  and  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  operating  results,  financial  condition  and  cash  flow.  In  addition, 
particularly  in  the  service  provider  market,  rapid  consolidation  will  lead  to  fewer  customers,  with  the  effect  that  a  loss  of  a  major 
customer could have a material impact on our results that we would not have anticipated in a marketplace composed of more numerous 
participants. 

Our exposure to the credit risks of our customers and distributors may make it difficult to collect accounts receivable and could 
adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows. 

Most of our revenue is made on an open credit basis, generally with payment terms of 30 to 45 days in the U.S. and typically 45 to 60 
days  in  many  geographic  markets  outside  the  U.S.  As  our  international  revenue  grows,  our  total  accounts  receivable  balance  has 
increased  and  will  likely  continue  to  increase.  Our  DSO  could  also  increase  as  a  result  of  a  greater  mix  of  international  revenue. 
Additionally, international laws may not provide the same degree of protection against defaults on accounts receivable as provided under 
U.S. laws governing domestic transactions; therefore, as our international business grows, we may be subject to higher bad debt expense 
compared to historical trends. Overall, we monitor individual customer and distributor payment capability in granting such open credit 
arrangements, seek to limit such open credit to amounts that we believe customers and distributors can pay and maintain reserves we 
believe are adequate to cover exposure for credit losses and other macroeconomic indicators. In the course of our sales to customers and 
distributors, we may encounter difficulty collecting accounts receivable and could be exposed to risks associated with uncollectible 
accounts receivable due to various reasons, including potential declining operating cash flows or bankruptcy filings. While we attempt 
to  monitor  these  situations  carefully  and  attempt  to  take  appropriate  measures  to  collect  accounts  receivable  balances,  there  are  no 
assurances  we  can  avoid  write-downs  and/or  write-offs  of  accounts  receivable  as  a  result  of  declining  financial  conditions  for  our 
customers, including bankruptcy. Such write-downs or write-offs could negatively affect our operating results for the period in which 
they occur and could potentially have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. 

Financial Information  39 

 
  
 
 
We expect gross margins to continue to vary over time, and our levels of product and services gross margins may not be sustainable. 

Our  level  of  gross  margins  may  not  be  sustainable  and  has  been  and  may  continue  to  be  adversely  affected  by  numerous  factors, 
including: 

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changes  in  customer,  geographic  or  product  or  services  mix,  including  software  and  the  mix  of  configurations  and 
professional services revenue within each product segment; 

mix of domestic versus international revenue; 

introduction of new products by competitors, including products with price-performance advantages; 

our ability to reduce product cost; 

increases in labor or material cost, including increases in material costs resulting from inflation or tariffs; 

foreign currency exchange rate movements; 

expediting costs incurred to meet customer delivery requirements; 

excess inventory and inventory holding charges; 

excess and obsolescence charges; 

changes in shipment volume; 

our ability to absorb fixed manufacturing costs during short-term fluctuations in customer demand; 

loss  of  cost  savings  due  to  changes  in  component  pricing  or  charges  incurred  due  to  inventory  holding  periods  if  parts 
ordering does not correctly anticipate product demand; 

lower than expected benefits from value engineering; 

increased price competition, including competitors from Asia, specifically China; 

changes in distribution channels; 

increased warranty cost or quality issues; 

liquidated damages costs relating to customer contractual terms; 

our ability to manage the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations relating to our revenue or cost of revenue; 

slowdowns,  recessions,  economic  instability,  political  unrest,  armed  conflicts  (such  as  the  ongoing  military  conflict  in 
Ukraine), or outbreaks of disease, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, around the world; and 

Business Combination purchase price allocations. 

For example, since the third quarter of 2021 and continuing throughout 2022, we have incurred and may continue to incur supply chain 
constraint expenses, including price inflation for certain electronic components, semiconductor chips and transportation related costs, 
which have lowered our gross margins and decreased our profitability. 

Our dependence on a limited number of suppliers for certain raw materials, key components and ODM products, combined with 
supply shortages, have prevented and may continue to prevent us from delivering our products on a timely basis, which has had and 
may continue to have a material adverse effect on operating results and could have a material adverse effect on customer relations. 

The fact that we are reliant on our extended supply chain could have an adverse impact on the supply of our products and on our business 
and  operating  results.  The  financial  problems  of  our  suppliers  and  industry  consolidation  occurring  within  one  or  more  component 
supplier markets, such as the semiconductor market, in each case, could either limit supply or increase costs. 

A reduction or interruption in supply, including disruptions on our global supply chain, caused in part by public health emergencies 
(including the COVID-19 pandemic), geopolitical tensions (including as a result of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and China-Taiwan 
relations) or a significant natural disaster (including as a result of climate change); a significant increase in the price of one or more 
components (including as a result of inflation); a failure to adequately authorize procurement of inventory by our contract manufacturers; 
a failure to appropriately cancel, reschedule, or adjust our requirements based on our business needs; or a decrease in demand for our 
products could materially adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition and could materially damage customer 
relationships. Furthermore, as a result of binding price or purchase commitments with suppliers, we may be obligated to purchase raw 
materials or components at prices that are higher than those available in the current market. In the event that we become committed to 
purchasing  raw  materials  or  components  at  prices  in  excess  of  the  current  market  price  when  the  raw  materials  or  components  are 
actually used, our gross margins could decrease. 

40  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
In addition, certain raw materials and key components used in our products are currently available from only one source, and others are 
available from only a limited number of sources. The availability of these raw materials and supplies may be subject to market forces 
beyond our control, such as inflation, merger and acquisition activity of our suppliers and consolidation in some segments of our supplier 
base. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience increased inflationary pressures on input costs, such as, raw materials, 
supplies, labor and distribution costs to increase. Our attempts to offset these cost pressures, through increases in the selling prices of 
some of our products, may not be successful and could negatively affect our operating results. In addition, from time to time, there may 
not be sufficient quantities of raw materials and supplies in the marketplace to meet customer demand. For example, wafer foundries 
that support chipmakers have not invested enough in recent years to increase capacities to the levels need to support demand from all of 
their customers and wafers have a long lead time for production, in some cases in excess of 30 weeks, which has led to a recent shortage 
in chip supplies. Many companies utilize the same raw materials and supplies that we do in the production of their products. Suppliers 
may be under pressure to allocate product to certain customers for business, regulatory or political reasons, and/or demand changes in 
agreed pricing as a condition of supply. As a result, companies with more resources than our own may have a competitive advantage in 
obtaining raw materials and supplies. These factors have resulted in reduced supply, higher prices of raw materials and delays in the 
receipt of certain of our key components, which in turn has generated increased costs, lower margins and delays in product delivery, 
with a corresponding adverse effect on revenue. Delays in product deliveries and corresponding product price increases may likewise 
have an adverse effect on customer relationships. We attempt to manage these risks through developing alternative sources, by staging 
inventories at strategic locations, through engineering efforts designed to obviate the necessity of certain components and by building 
long-term relationships and close contact with each of our key suppliers; however, we cannot assure that delays in or failures of deliveries 
of key components, either to us or to our contract manufacturers, and consequent delays in product deliveries, will not continue to occur 
in the future. In addition, our supply chain challenges are forcing us to devote a substantial portion of our research and development 
expenses to redesign existing products, reducing our capacity to develop new products. For a discussion of the impact of the COVID-
19 pandemic on our supply chain, see “- The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and may continue to impact our business, 
results of operations and financial condition, particularly our supply chain and workforce.” 

We believe that we may be faced with the following challenges in the future: new markets in which we participate may grow quickly, 
which  may  make  it  difficult  to  quickly  obtain  significant  raw  materials  and/or  components;  as  we  acquire  companies  and  new 
technologies, we may be dependent on unfamiliar supply chains or relatively small supply partners; and we face competition for certain 
raw materials or components that are supply-constrained from existing competitors and companies in other markets. 

We compete in markets that have become increasingly competitive, which may result in reduced gross profit margins and market 
share. 

The markets for our products are intensely competitive. New manufacturers have entered the markets in recent years to offer products 
in competition with us. Additionally, certain companies have, in recent years, developed the ability to deliver competing products using 
coaxial  cable  and  cellular  transmission,  especially  in  high-density  metropolitan  areas.  Competition  will  further  increase  if  new 
companies enter the market or existing competitors expand their product lines. Some of these potential competitors may have greater 
financial, technological, manufacturing, sales and marketing, and personnel resources. As a result, these competitors may be able to 
respond more rapidly or effectively to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, withstand significant price 
decreases, or devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products. 

In  addition,  our  present  and  future  competitors  may  be  able  to  enter  our  existing  or  future  markets  with  products  or  technologies 
comparable or superior to those that we offer. An increase in competition could cause us to reduce prices, decrease our market share, 
require increased spending by us on product development and sales and marketing, or cause delays or cancellations in customer orders, 
any one of which could reduce our gross profit margins and adversely affect our business and results of operations. 

Financial Information  41 

 
  
 
 
Our estimates regarding future warranty obligations may change due to product failure rates, installation and shipment volumes, 
field service repair obligations and other rework costs incurred in correcting product failures. If our estimates change, our liability 
for warranty obligations may increase or decrease, impacting future cost of revenue. 

Our products are highly complex, and we cannot ensure that our extensive product development, manufacturing and integration testing 
will be adequate to detect all defects, errors, failures and quality issues. Quality or performance problems for products covered under 
warranty  could  adversely  impact  our  reputation  and  negatively  affect  our  operating  results,  financial  position  and  cash  flows.  The 
development  and  production  of  new  products  with  high  complexity  often  involves  problems  with  software,  components  and 
manufacturing methods. If significant warranty obligations arise due to reliability or quality issues arising from defects in software, 
faulty components or manufacturing methods, our operating results, financial position and cash flows could be negatively impacted by: 

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costs associated with fixing software or hardware defects; 

costs associated with internal or third-party installation errors; 

high service and warranty expenses; 

costs associated with recalling and replacing products with software or hardware defects, including costs from writing-off 
defective products recalled; 

high inventory obsolescence expense; 

delays in collecting accounts receivable; 

payment of liquidated damages for performance failures; 

extended performance bond expenses; and 

a decline in revenue to existing customers. 

Managing our inventory is complex and may include write-downs of excess or obsolete inventory. 

Managing our inventory of components and finished products is complicated by a number of factors, including the need to maintain a 
significant inventory of certain components that are in short supply, that have been discontinued by the component manufacturer, that 
must be purchased in bulk to obtain favorable pricing or that require long lead times. These issues may result in our purchasing and 
maintaining significant amounts of inventory, which if not used or expected to be used based on anticipated production requirements, 
may become excess or obsolete. Any excess or obsolete inventory could also result in sales price reductions and/or inventory write- 
downs, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. 

The continuing growth of our international operations could expose us to additional risks, increase our costs and adversely affect 
our operating results, financial condition and cash flows. 

We are expanding our presence in international markets, which represented 49.5%, 33.5% and 30.5% of our net revenue for the years 
ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and as a result, we anticipate increased revenue and operating costs in these 
markets.  This  international  expansion  has  increased  and  may  continue  to  increase  our  operational  risks  and  impact  our  results  of 
operations, including:  

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exposure to unfavorable commercial terms in certain countries;  

the time and cost to staff and manage foreign operations, including the time and cost to maintain good relationships with 
employee associations and work councils;  

the time and cost to ensure adequate business interruption controls, processes and facilities;  

the time and cost to manage and evolve financial reporting systems, maintain effective financial disclosure controls and 
procedures, and comply with corporate governance requirements in multiple jurisdictions;  

the cost to collect accounts receivable and extension of collection periods;  

the cost and potential disruption of facilities transitions required in some business acquisitions;  

risks as a result of less regulation of patents or other safeguards of intellectual property in certain countries;  

the potential impact of adverse tax, customs regulations and transfer-pricing issues;  

exposure to increased price competition from additional competitors in some countries;  

exposure to global social, political and economic instability, changes in economic conditions and foreign currency exchange 
rate movements; 

42  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
 

 

 

 

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potential exposure to liability or damage of reputation resulting from a higher incidence of corruption or unethical business 
practices in some countries; 

potential regulations on data protection, regarding the collection, use, disclosure and security of data; 

potential trade protection measures, export compliance issues, domestic preference procurement requirements, qualification 
to transact business and additional regulatory requirements;  

potential exposure to natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics (and government regulations in response thereto) and acts 
of war or terrorism; and 

potential exposure to ongoing military conflict in Ukraine. The U.S. and certain other countries imposed sanctions on Russia 
and  could  impose  further  sanctions  against  it,  which  could  damage  or  disrupt  international  commerce  and  the  global 
economy. Other potential consequences include, but are not limited to, a heightened risk of cyber-warfare, biological warfare 
or nuclear warfare, growth in the number of popular uprisings in the region, increased political discontent, especially in the 
regions most affected by the conflict or economic sanctions, continued displacement of persons to regions close to the areas 
of conflict and an increase in the number of refugees, among other unforeseen social and humanitarian effects which could 
impact our business, customers, and suppliers. 

In February 2022, armed conflict escalated between Russia and Ukraine. The U.S. and certain other countries have imposed sanctions 
on Russia and could impose further sanctions, which could damage or disrupt international commerce and the global economy. We are 
complying with a broad range of U.S. and international sanctions and export control requirements imposed on Russia. 

If we are unable to successfully address the potential risks associated with our overall international expansion, our operating results, 
financial condition and cash flows may be negatively impacted. 

Financial Information  43 

 
  
  
 
 
 
Our success depends on attracting and retaining key personnel. 

Our business has grown significantly since its inception. Our success is dependent in large part on the continued employment of our 
executive officers, including Thomas R. Stanton, our Chief Executive Officer, and other key management personnel. The unplanned 
departure of one or more of these individuals could adversely affect our business. In addition, for ADTRAN to continue as a successful 
entity we must also be able to attract and retain key engineers and software developers and architects whose expertise helps us maintain 
competitive advantages. We believe that our future success will depend, in large part, upon our ability to continue to attract, retain, train 
and motivate highly-skilled employees who are in great demand. Stock awards are designed to reward employees for their long-term 
contributions and to provide incentives for them to remain with us. Changes to our overall compensation program, including our stock 
incentive program, may adversely affect our ability to retain key employees. Properly managing our continued growth, avoiding the 
problems often resulting from such growth and expansion and continuing to operate in the manner which has proven successful to us to 
date will be critical to the future success of our business. 

If we fail to manage our exposure to worldwide financial and securities markets successfully, our operating results and financial 
statements could be materially impacted. 

We are exposed to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates and prices of marketable equity and fixed-income securities. 
The global macroeconomic environment has been challenging and inconsistent due to uncertainty in the global central bank monetary 
policy and uncertainty in global credit markets and the geopolitical environment in many areas of the world. The primary objective of 
the majority of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time achieving appropriate yields without significantly 
increasing risk. To achieve this objective, a majority of our marketable securities are investment grade corporate and municipal fixed-
rate bonds, U.S. government bonds and municipal money market instruments denominated in U.S. dollars. While we do invest a portion 
of our investment portfolio in equities, which are subject to market risks, including the loss of principal, our equity investments are 
generally  invested  in  professionally-managed  portfolios  with  the  objective  of  exceeding  the  performance  of  their  underlying 
benchmarks.  

We have significant investments in corporate bonds, municipal fixed-rate bonds, asset-backed bonds, mortgage/agency-backed bonds, 
U.S. government bonds and foreign government bonds. Through December 31, 2022, we have not been required to impair any of these 
investments; however, we have and may continue to experience a reduction in value or loss of liquidity in these investments, which may 
have an adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition. Fixed-rate interest securities may have their fair 
value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates, while variable-rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest 
rates fall. Our investments are subject to general credit, liquidity, market and interest rate risks, which may increase because of conditions 
in the financial markets and related credit liquidity issues. Consequently, our future investment income may fall short of expectations 
due to changes in interest rates, or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in fair value due to 
changes in interest rates. 

See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources” in 
Part II, Item 7 of this report, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of this report and Note 
6 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report for more information about our investments. 

We are exposed to adverse currency exchange rate fluctuations in jurisdictions where we transact in local currency, which could 
harm our financial results and cash flows. 

We are exposed to changes in foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, which are references to the differences between the foreign-
exchanges rates we use to convert the financial results of our international operations from local currencies into U.S. dollars for financial 
reporting purposes. This impact of foreign-exchange rate changes is calculated based on the difference between the current period’s 
currency exchange rates and that of the comparable prior period. Our primary exposures to foreign currency exchange rate movements 
are the Euro and the British pound sterling. As a result of our global operations, our revenue, gross margins, operating expense and 
operating income in some international markets have been and may continue to be affected by foreign currency fluctuations. 

We will require a significant amount of cash to service our indebtedness, our potential payment obligations to ADVA shareholders 
under the DPLTA, and other obligations. 

Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control and any failure to service our outstanding indebtedness could 
harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, we have entered into a DPLTA with ADVA. Additionally, 
pursuant to the terms of the DPLTA, each ADVA shareholder (other than the Company) has received an offer to elect either (1) to 
remain an ADVA shareholder and receive from us an Annual Recurring Compensation payment, or (2) to receive Exit Compensation. 
Any failure to satisfy our payment obligations under the DPLTA could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. 
See “Risk Factors - The terms of the DPLTA may have a material adverse effect on our financial results and condition" in Part I, Item 
1A of this report for additional information. 

Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness, to cover our payment obligations under the DPLTA, and to fund 
working capital needs and planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. This, to a certain extent, 
is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. If 
our business does not generate sufficient cash flow from operations or if future borrowings are not available to us in an amount sufficient 
to enable us and our subsidiaries to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs, we may need to refinance all or a portion 
44  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
of our indebtedness on or before the maturity thereof, sell assets, reduce or delay capital investments or seek to raise additional capital, 
any of which could have a material adverse effect on us. 

In addition, we may not be able to effect any of these actions, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our ability to 
restructure or refinance our indebtedness will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. 
Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could 
further restrict our business operations. The terms of existing or future debt instruments or preferred stock may limit or prevent us from 
taking any of these actions. In addition, any failure to make scheduled payments of interest and principal on our outstanding indebtedness 
or dividend payments on our outstanding shares of preferred stock would likely result in a reduction of our credit rating, which could 
harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness or otherwise raise capital on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our inability to 
generate  sufficient  cash  flow  to  satisfy  our  debt  service,  payment  obligations  to  ADVA  shareholders  under  the  DPLTA,  and  other 
obligations, or to refinance or restructure our obligations on commercially reasonable terms or at all, would have an adverse effect, 
which could be material, on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 

Furthermore,  if  we  raise  additional  funds  through  the  issuance  of  equity  or  securities  convertible  into  equity,  or  undertake  certain 
transactions intended to address our existing indebtedness, our existing stockholders could suffer dilution in their percentage ownership 
of the Company, or our leverage and outstanding indebtedness could increase. Current capital market conditions, including the impact 
of inflation, have increased borrowing rates and can be expected to significantly increase our cost of capital as compared to prior periods 
should we seek additional funding. 

We may be unable to successfully and effectively manage and integrate acquisitions, divestitures and other significant transactions, 
which could harm our operating results, business and prospects. 

As part of our business strategy, we frequently engage in discussions with third parties regarding possible investments, acquisitions, 
strategic alliances, joint ventures, divestitures and outsourcing arrangements, and we enter into agreements relating to such transactions 
in order to further our business objectives. In order to pursue this strategy successfully, we must identify suitable candidates, successfully 
complete transactions, some of which may be large and complex, and manage post-closing issues such as the integration of acquired 
companies or employees and the divestiture of combined businesses, operations and employees. Integration, divestiture and other risks 
of  these  transactions  can  be  more  pronounced  in  larger  and  more  complicated  transactions,  or  if  multiple  transactions  are  pursued 
simultaneously. If we fail to identify and successfully complete transactions that further our strategic objectives, we may be required to 
expend resources to develop products and technology internally. This may put us at a competitive disadvantage and we may be adversely 
affected by negative market perceptions, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our revenue, gross margin and profitability. 

Integration and divestiture issues are complex, time-consuming and expensive and, without proper planning and implementation, could 
significantly disrupt our business. The challenges involved in integrating and divesting include: 

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combining service and product offerings and entering into new markets in which we are not experienced; 

convincing customers and distributors that any such transaction will not diminish client service standards or business focus, 
preventing  customers  and  distributors  from  deferring  purchasing  decisions  or  switching  to  other  suppliers  or  service 
providers (which could result in additional obligations to address customer uncertainty), and coordinating service, sales, 
marketing and distribution efforts; 

consolidating and rationalizing corporate information technology infrastructure, which may include multiple legacy systems 
from various acquisitions and integrating software code; 

minimizing the diversion of management attention from ongoing business concerns; 

persuading employees that business cultures are compatible, maintaining employee morale and retaining key employees, 
integrating  employees  into  our  company,  correctly  estimating  employee  benefit  costs  and  implementing  restructuring 
programs; 

coordinating  and  combining  administrative,  service,  manufacturing,  research  and  development  and  other  operations, 
subsidiaries,  facilities  and  relationships  with  third  parties  in  accordance  with  local  laws  and  other  obligations  while 
maintaining adequate standards, controls and procedures;  

our responsibility for the liabilities of the businesses we acquire, some of which we may not anticipate, including costs of 
third-party advisors to resolve disputes; 

achieving savings from supply chain and administration integration; and 

efficiently divesting combined business operations which may cause increased costs as divested businesses are de-integrated 
from embedded systems and operations. 

Financial Information  45 

 
  
 
 
We evaluate and enter into these types of transactions on an ongoing basis. We may not fully realize all of the anticipated benefits of 
any transaction and the time frame for achieving benefits of a transaction may depend partially upon the actions of employees, suppliers 
or other third parties. In addition, the pricing and other terms of our contracts for these transactions require us to make estimates and 
assumptions at the time we enter into these contracts, and, during the course of our due diligence, we may not identify all of the factors 
necessary  to  estimate  costs  accurately.  Any  increased  or  unexpected  costs,  unanticipated  delays  or  failure  to  achieve  contractual 
obligations could make these agreements less profitable or unprofitable. 

Managing  these  types  of  transactions  requires  varying  levels  of  management  resources,  which  may  divert  our  attention  from  other 
business operations. These transactions could result in significant costs and expenses and charges to earnings, including those related to 
severance pay, early retirement costs, employee benefit costs, asset impairment charges, charges from the elimination of duplicative 
facilities and contracts, in-process research and development charges, inventory adjustments, assumed litigation, regulatory compliance 
and other liabilities, legal, accounting and financial advisory fees and required payments to executive officers and key employees under 
retention  plans.  Moreover,  we  could  incur  additional  depreciation  and  amortization  expense  over  the  useful  lives  of  certain  assets 
acquired in connection with these transactions, and, to the extent that the value of goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite lives 
acquired in connection with a transaction becomes impaired, we may be required to incur additional material charges relating to the 
impairment of those assets. In order to complete an acquisition, we may issue common shares, potentially creating dilution for existing 
shareholders, or borrow funds, which could affect our financial condition, results of operations and potentially our credit ratings. Any 
prior  or  future  downgrades  in  our  credit  rating  associated  with  a  transaction  could  adversely  affect  our  ability  to  borrow  and  our 
borrowing cost, and result in more restrictive borrowing terms. In addition, our effective tax rate on an ongoing basis is uncertain, and 
such transactions could impact our effective tax rate. We also may experience risks relating to the challenges and costs of closing a 
transaction and the risk that an announced transaction may not close. As a result, any completed, pending or future transactions may 
contribute to financial results that differ materially from the investment community’s expectations. 

Risks related to COVID-19 

The  ongoing  COVID-19  pandemic  has  impacted  and  may  continue  to  impact  our  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial 
condition, particularly our supply chain. 

The global spread of COVID-19 created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption. Due to the pandemic and a global 
semiconductor chip shortage, we experienced disruption and delays in our supply chain and significant price increases with certain of 
our manufacturing partners, and those disruptions, delays and price increases may continue. For example, in the second half of 2021 
and throughout 2022, our results of operations were negatively impacted by increased expenses resulting from supply chain disruptions. 
Current  global  supply  chain  and  transportation  constraints,  including  delays  in  supply  chain  deliveries  and  the  related  global  semi-
conductor chip shortage, may continue to have a material adverse effect on our operating results and could have a material adverse effect 
on customer relations and our financial condition. We believe these supply chain challenges and their adverse impact on our industry 
will continue to ease during 2023. However, there can be no assurance that the ongoing disruptions due to COVID-19, the related global 
semiconductor chip shortage or other supply chain constraints or price increases will be resolved in the near term, which could continue 
to adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the 
impact of COVID-19 and supply chain constraints on our business. 

46  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
Risks related to our control environment 

Breaches of our information systems and cyber-attacks could compromise our intellectual property and cause significant damage to 
our business and reputation. 

We  maintain  sensitive  data  on  our  information  systems  and  the  networks  of  third-party  providers,  including  intellectual  property, 
financial data and proprietary or confidential business information relating to our business, customers, suppliers, and business partners. 
We also produce networking equipment solutions and software used by network operators to ensure security and reliability in their 
management and transmission of data. Our customers, particularly those in regulated industries, are increasingly focused on the security 
features of our technology solutions. Maintaining the security of information sensitive to us and our business partners is critical to our 
business  and  reputation.  We  rely  upon  several  internal  business  processes  and  information  systems  to  support  key  operations  and 
financial functions, and the efficient operation of these processes and systems is critical. Companies are increasingly subjected to cyber-
attacks and other attempts to gain unauthorized access. We have a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity, which includes prevention, 
detection,  containment,  and  response.  Our  layered  defense  approach  encompasses  proactive  security  monitoring  of  our  global 
infrastructure by both internal solutions and multiple third-party Security Operation Centers. Additionally, we routinely perform patch 
management,  vulnerability  scans,  penetration  tests  and  continuous  monitoring  across  our  entire  enterprise.  Our  security  policy 
framework includes meaningful and enforceable Information Security policies and procedures. The cybersecurity program is aligned 
with our mission and business objectives, reviewed periodically for improvements, and is supported by experienced and certified security 
professionals. This is supplemented by an information security awareness program that spans our global workforce. Despite this, our 
network and storage applications and those systems and applications maintained by our third-party providers may be targeted by cyber-
attacks or potentially breached due to operator error, fraudulent activity, or other system disruptions. For example, a vulnerability named 
“Log4Shell” was reported for the widely used Java logging library, Apache Log4j 2 (“Log4j”), in December of 2021. Although we did 
not identify indicators of compromise in response to the Log4j vulnerability, we cannot assure that future vulnerabilities or malware 
attacks will not be successful in breaching our system and in turn, have a material impact our business. Unauthorized access or disclosure 
of our information could compromise our intellectual property and expose sensitive business information. Our information systems are 
designed to appropriate industry standards and resiliently engineered to reduce downtime in the event of power outages, weather or 
climate events and cybersecurity issues. These risks, as well as the number and frequency of cybersecurity events globally, may also be 
heightened during times of geopolitical tension or instability between countries, including, for example, the ongoing military conflict in 
Ukraine with Russia, from which a number of recent cybersecurity events have been alleged to have originated. We carry cybersecurity 
insurance policies meant to limit our risk and exposure should one of these cybersecurity issues occur. However, a significant failure of 
our  systems  due  to  these  issues  could  result  in  significant  remediation  costs,  disrupt  business  operations,  and  divert  management 
attention, which could result in harm to our business reputation, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.  

As part of our due diligence and integration planning process, the Company’s cybersecurity team has conducted a review of ADVA’s 
cybersecurity program. Additionally, prior to integration of facilities, networks, or systems, the Company also engage CrowdStrike, a 
global cybersecurity leader to conduct an enterprise-wide compromise assessment to determine if there were any targeted compromises 
by  nation-state  actors  of  the  ADVA  information  technology  landscape.  The  results  from  the  CrowdStrike  Compromise  assessment 
indicated that there was no indication of compromise of the ADVA information technology environment. As part of the integration plan, 
the  Company  intends  to  expand  its  current  cybersecurity  program  to  cover  all  ADVA’s  global  infrastructure  and  adopt  any  mature 
cybersecurity practices already in place. A significant failure of our review and integration of ADVA's cybersecurity program could 
expose us to penalties for failing to comply with the EU's GDPR requirements as well as result in significant remediation costs and a 
disruption to our operations. 

If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting we could have a material weakness in our internal 
controls, that if not remediated, could materially adversely affect us. 

Section  404  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  of  2002  (“Section  404”)  requires  us  to  include  in  our  Annual  Reports  on  Form  10-K  an 
assessment by the Company’s management of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as well as a report from 
our independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We must perform 
system and process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management and our independent 
registered public accounting firm to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 
404. Our compliance with Section 404 may require that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management 
efforts. 

As permitted by SEC guidance, we currently exclude ADVA in our evaluation of internal control over financial reporting and related 
disclosure controls and procedures for the first year after the Business Combination. However, we are in the process of extending our 
oversight and monitoring processes that support our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures to 
include ADVA’s operations. 

If we are not able to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, including any failure to implement required 
new or improved controls, or if we experience difficulties in the implementation of or the implemented controls required in connection 
with the Business Combination, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed. In addition, if management or 
our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, we 

Financial Information  47 

 
  
could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial statements, which could have an adverse effect on our 
stock price or lead to litigation claims. 

Risks related to the telecommunications industry 

We must continue to update and improve our products and develop new products to compete and to keep pace with improvements in 
communications technology. 

The  markets  for  our  products  are  characterized  by  rapidly  changing  technology,  evolving  industry  standards  and  continuing 
improvements in the communications service offerings of service providers. If technologies or standards applicable to our products, or 
service  provider  offerings  based  on  our  products,  become  obsolete  or  fail  to  gain  widespread  commercial  acceptance,  our  existing 
products or products under development may become obsolete or unmarketable. Moreover, the introduction of products embodying new 
technologies, the emergence of new industry standards, or changes in service provider offerings could adversely affect our ability to sell 
our products. For instance, we offer a large number of products that apply primarily to the delivery of high-speed digital communications 
over the local loop utilizing copper wire. We compete favorably with our competitors by developing a high-performance line of these 
products. We market products that apply to fiber optic transport in the local loop. We expect, however, that use of coaxial cable and 
fixed and mobile wireless access in place of local loop access will increase. Also, MSOs are increasing their presence in the local loop. 
To meet the requirements of these new delivery systems and to maintain our market position, we expect to continue to develop new 
products and/or modify existing products. We expect that the addition of fiber-based products focused on the cable MSO operators, 
using EPON and fixed wireless access solutions will better position us to benefit from spending in these adjacent markets. 

Our revenue and profitability in the past have, to a significant extent, resulted from our ability to anticipate changes in technology, 
industry standards and service provider offerings, and to develop and introduce new and enhanced products. Our continued ability to 
adapt will be a significant factor in maintaining or improving our competitive position and our prospects for growth. We cannot assure 
that  we  will  be  able  to  respond  effectively  to  changes  in  technology,  industry  standards,  service  provider  offerings  or  new  product 
announcements by our competitors. We also cannot assure that we will be able to successfully develop and market new products or 
product enhancements, or that these products or enhancements will achieve market acceptance. Any failure by us to continue to anticipate 
or respond in a cost-effective and timely manner to changes in technology, industry standards, service provider offerings or new product 
announcements by our competitors, or any significant delays in product development or introduction, could have a material adverse 
effect on our ability to competitively market our products and on our revenue, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. 

Our failure or the failure of our contract manufacturers to comply with applicable environmental regulations could adversely impact 
our results of operations. 

The manufacture, assembly and testing of our products may require the use of hazardous materials that are subject to environmental, 
health and safety regulations. Our failure or the failure of our contract manufacturers to comply with any of these applicable requirements 
could  result  in  regulatory  penalties,  legal  claims  or  disruption  of  production.  In  addition,  our  failure  or  the  failure  of  our  contract 
manufacturers to properly manage the use, transportation, emission, discharge, storage, recycling or disposal of hazardous materials 
could subject us to increased costs or liabilities. Existing and future environmental regulations may restrict our use of certain materials 
to manufacture, assemble and test products. Any of these consequences could adversely impact our results of operations by increasing 
our expenses and/or requiring us to alter our manufacturing processes. 

If our products do not interoperate with our customers’ networks, installations may be delayed or canceled, which could harm our 
business. 

Our products must interface with existing networks, each of which may have different specifications, utilize multiple protocol standards 
and incorporate products from other vendors. Many of our customers’ networks contain multiple generations of products that have been 
added over  time  as  these  networks have grown  and  evolved. Our products  may be  required  to  interoperate  with many or  all  of  the 
products within these networks, as well as future products to meet our customers’ requirements. If we find errors in the existing software 
or defects in the hardware used in our customers’ networks, we may have to modify our software or hardware to fix or overcome these 
errors so that our products will interoperate with the existing software and hardware. Implementation of product corrections involving 
interoperability issues could increase our costs and adversely affect our results of operations. Such issues may affect our ability to obtain 
product acceptance from other customers. 

We engage in research and development activities to develop new, innovative solutions and to improve the application of developed 
technologies, and as a consequence may miss certain market opportunities enjoyed by larger companies with substantially greater 
research and development efforts and which may focus on more leading edge development. 

A portion of our research and development activities are focused on the continued innovation of currently accepted access and edge 
transmission technologies in order to deliver faster internet speeds, more capacity, better quality of service and operational efficiency. 
These research and development efforts result in improved applications of technologies for which demand already exists or is latent. 
We also focus our research and development efforts on developing software, solutions and platforms that enable service providers to 
increase revenue-generating service velocity, reducing operational costs, increasing scale and providing service agility. We rarely engage 
in  research  projects  that  represent  a  vast departure from the  current business practices  of our key  customers. While  we believe our 
strategy provides a higher likelihood of producing nearer term or more sustainable revenue streams, this strategy could result in lost 
revenue opportunities and higher operating expenses should a new technology achieve rapid and widespread market acceptance. When 
48  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
we do engage in research and development activities for new, leading-edge technologies and market approaches, there is no guarantee 
that those technologies or market approaches will be successful or that they will be adopted and purchased by our customers. 

Our strategy of outsourcing a portion of our manufacturing requirements to subcontractors located in various international regions 
may result in us not meeting our cost, quality or performance standards. 

We are heavily dependent on subcontractors for the assembly and testing of certain printed circuit board assemblies, subassemblies, 
chassis, enclosures and equipment shelves, and the purchase of some raw materials used in such assemblies. This reliance involves 
several risks, including the unavailability of, or interruptions in, access to certain process technologies and reduced control over product 
quality, delivery schedules, transportation, manufacturing yields and costs. We may not be able to provide product order volumes to our 
subcontractors that are high enough to achieve sufficient cost savings. If shipments fall below forecasted levels, we may incur increased 
costs or be required to take ownership of excess inventory. Changes in international tariff structures could adversely impact our product 
costs.  We  also  have  experienced  and  expect  to  continue  to  experience  increased  inflationary  pressures  on  input  costs,  such  as, raw 
materials, labor and distribution costs. Our attempts to offset these cost pressures, such as through increases in the selling prices of some 
of our products and services, may not be successful and could negatively affect our operating results. In addition, a significant component 
of maintaining cost competitiveness is the ability of our subcontractors to adjust their costs to compensate for possible adverse exchange 
rate movements. To the extent that the subcontractors are unable to do so, and we are unable to procure alternative product supplies, 
then our competitiveness and results of operations could be adversely impaired. These risks may be exacerbated by economic, regulatory 
or political changes or uncertainties, terrorist actions, acts of war, the effects of climate change, natural disasters or pandemics in the 
foreign countries in which our subcontractors are located.  

To date, we believe that we have successfully managed the risks of our dependence on these subcontractors through a variety of efforts, 
which  include  seeking  and  developing  alternative  subcontractors  while  maintaining  existing  relationships;  however,  we  cannot  be 
assured  that  delays  in  product  deliveries  will  not  occur  in  the  future  because  of  shortages  resulting  from  this  limited  number  of 
subcontractors or from the financial or other difficulties of these parties. Our inability to develop alternative subcontractors if and as 
required in the future, or the need to undertake required retraining and other activities related to establishing and developing a new 
subcontractor relationship, could result in delays or reductions in product shipments which, in turn, could have a negative effect on our 
customer relationships and operating results. 

Our failure to maintain rights to intellectual property used in our business could adversely affect the development, functionality and 
commercial value of our products. 

Our future success depends in part upon our proprietary technology. Although we attempt to protect our proprietary technology by 
contract, trademark, copyright and patent registration and internal security, including trade secret protection, these protections may not 
be adequate. Furthermore, our competitors can develop similar technology independently without violating our proprietary rights. From 
time to time, we receive and may continue to receive notices of claims alleging that we are infringing upon patents or other intellectual 
property.  Any  of  these  claims,  whether  with  or  without  merit,  could  result  in  significant  legal  fees,  divert  our  management’s  time, 
attention and resources, delay our product shipments or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. We cannot predict 
whether  we will  prevail  in  any  claims  or  litigation over  alleged infringements,  or  whether  we will  be  able  to  license  any  valid  and 
infringed  patents,  or  other  intellectual  property,  on  commercially  reasonable  terms.  If  a  claim  of  intellectual  property  infringement 
against us is successful and we fail to obtain a license or develop or license non-infringing technology, our business, operating results, 
financial condition and cash flows could be affected adversely. 

Software under license from third parties for use in certain of our products may not continue to be available to us on commercially 
reasonable terms. 

We  integrate  third-party  software  into  certain  of  our  products.  Licenses  for  this  technology  may  not  be  available  or  continue  to  be 
available to us on commercially reasonable terms. Difficulties with third-party technology licensors could result in the termination of 
such licenses, which may result in increased costs or require us to purchase or develop a substitute technology. Difficulty obtaining and 
maintaining third-party technology licenses may disrupt the development of our products and increase our costs, which could harm our 
business. 

Our use of open source software could impose limitations on our ability to commercialize our products. 

Several of our solutions utilize elements of open source or publicly available software. Although we closely monitor our use of open 
source software, the terms of many open source software licenses have not been interpreted by the courts, and there is a risk that such 
licenses could be construed in a manner that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to sell our products. In 
such event, we could be required to make our proprietary software generally available to third parties, including competitors, at no cost, 
to seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our products, to re-engineer our products or to discontinue the sale of 
our products in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis or at all, any of which could adversely affect our 
revenue and operating expenses. 

Financial Information  49 

 
  
We may incur liabilities or become subject to litigation that would have a material effect on our business. 

In the ordinary course of business, we accept purchase orders, and enter into sales and other related contracts, for the marketing, sale, 
manufacture,  distribution  or  use  of  our  products  and  services.  We  may  incur  liabilities  relating  to  our  performance  under  such 
agreements, or which result from damage claims arising from certain events as outlined within the particular contract. While we attempt 
to include reasonable limitations of liability and other protective measures to all agreements, such agreements may not always contain, 
or be subject to, maximum loss clauses and liabilities arising from them may result in significant adverse changes to our results of 
operations, financial condition and cash flows. 

In the ordinary course of business, we are subject to various legal proceedings and claims, including employment disputes, patent claims, 
disputes over contract agreements and other commercial disputes. In some cases, claimants seek monetary recovery, or other relief, 
including damages such as royalty payments related to patents, lost profits or injunctive relief, which, if granted, could require significant 
expenditures. Any such disputes may be resolved before trial, or if tried, may be resolved in our favor; however, the cost of claims 
sustained in litigation, and costs associated with the litigation process, may not be covered by our insurance. Such costs, and the demands 
on management time during such an event, could harm our business, reputation and have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, 
results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. 

If we are unable to successfully develop and maintain relationships with SIs, service providers and enterprise VARs, our revenue 
may be negatively affected. 

As part of our sales strategy, we are targeting SIs, service providers and enterprise VARs. In addition to specialized technical expertise, 
SIs, service providers and VARs typically offer sophisticated service capabilities that are frequently desired by enterprise customers. To 
expand our distribution channel to include resellers with such capabilities, we must be able to provide effective support to these resellers. 
If our sales, marketing or service capabilities are not sufficient to provide effective support to such SIs, service providers and VARs, 
our revenue may be negatively affected, and current SI, service provider and VAR partners may terminate their relationships with us, 
which would adversely impact our revenue and overall results of operations. 

Risks related to the Company’s stock price 

Our operating results may fluctuate in future periods, which may adversely affect our stock price. 

Our operating results have been, and will continue to be, subject to quarterly and annual fluctuations as a result of numerous factors. 
These factors include, but are not limited to: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

fluctuations  in  demand  for  our  products  and  services,  especially  with  respect  to  significant  network  expansion  projects 
undertaken by service providers; 

continued  growth  of  communications  network  traffic  and  the  adoption  of  communication  services  and  applications  by 
enterprise and consumer end users; 

changes in sales and implementation cycles for our products and reduced visibility into our customers’ spending plans and 
associated revenue, especially should a slowdown in communications industry spending occur due to economic downturns, 
tight capital markets, or declining liquidity trends; 

reductions in demand for our traditional products as new technologies gain acceptance; 

our ability, and that of our distributors, to maintain appropriate inventory levels and related purchase commitments; 

price  and  product  competition  in  the  communications  and  networking  industries,  which  can  change  rapidly  due  to 
technological innovation; 

the overall movement toward industry consolidation among both our competitors and our customers; 

our dependence on sales of our products by channel partners, the timing of their replenishment orders, the potential for 
conflicts and competition involving our channel partners and large end-user customers and the potential for consolidation 
among our channel partners; 

variations in sales channels, product cost or mix of products and services sold; 

delays in receiving acceptance, as defined under contract, from certain customers for shipments or services performed near 
the end of a reporting period; 

our ability to maintain high levels of product support and professional services; 

manufacturing and customer order lead times, and potential restrictions in the supply of key components; 

fluctuations in our gross margin and the factors that contribute to this (as described above); 

our ability to achieve cost reductions; 

50  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

the ability of our customers, channel partners and suppliers to obtain financing or to fund capital expenditures; 

our ability to execute on our strategy and operating plans; 

benefits anticipated from our investments in engineering, sales and marketing activities; 

the effects of climate change and other natural events; 

the effect of political or economic conditions, including the effect of tariffs or so-called “trade wars” on us and our supply 
chain, acts of war, terrorist attacks or other unrest in certain international markets; 

the effect of escalating tensions along the Russia-Ukraine border. The U.S. and certain other countries imposed sanctions 
on Russia and could impose further sanctions against it, which could damage or disrupt international commerce and the 
global economy; and 

 

changes in tax laws and regulations or accounting pronouncements. 

As a result, operating results for a particular future period are difficult to predict, and prior results are not necessarily indicative of results 
to be expected in future periods. Any of the above-mentioned factors, or other factors discussed elsewhere in this report, could have a 
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows that could adversely affect our stock 
price. 

The price of our common stock has been volatile and may continue to fluctuate significantly. 

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol ADTN. Since our initial public offering in August 
1994, there has been, and may continue to be, significant volatility in the market for our common stock, based on a variety of factors, 
including factors listed in this section, some of which are beyond our control. 

Financial Information  51 

 
  
 
 
Risks related to the regulatory environments in which we do business 

We are subject to complex and evolving U.S. and foreign laws, regulations and standards governing the conduct of our business. 
Violations of these laws and regulations may harm our business, subject us to penalties and to other adverse consequences. 

We are subject to laws and regulations that govern conduct by our Company, our employees and agents and the manufacture, sale and 
use of our products. Our inability to comply with current and evolving laws and regulations governing our business domestically and 
internationally may adversely affect our revenue, results of operations, financial conditions and cash flows. New and changing laws, 
regulations and industry practices could require us to modify our business, products or services offered, potentially in a material manner, 
and  may  limit  our  ability  to  develop  new  products,  services  and  features.  If  we  violate  these  laws  and  regulations,  governmental 
authorities in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions could seek to impose civil and/or criminal fines and penalties which could have an 
adverse effect on our reputation, as well as our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. 

These laws and regulations include, but are not limited to:  

 

 

 

various regulations and regional standards established by communications authorities and import/export control authorities 
that govern the manufacture, sale and use of our products. Changes in domestic or international communications regulations, 
tariffs, potential changes in trade policies by the U.S. and other nations, application requirements, import/export controls or 
expansion of regulation to new areas, including access, communications or commerce over the internet, may affect customer 
demand  for  our  products  or  slow  the  adoption  of  new  technologies  which  may  affect  our  revenue.  Further,  the  cost  of 
complying with the evolving standards and regulations, including the cost of product re-design if necessary, or the failure 
to obtain timely domestic or foreign regulatory approvals or certification such that we may not be able to sell our products 
where these standards or regulations apply, may adversely affect our revenue, results of operations, financial condition and 
cash flows. 

compliance  with  a  wide  variety  of  provincial,  state,  national  and  international  laws  and  regulations  applicable  to  the 
collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer and other processing of data, including personal data. Foreign data 
protection, privacy and other laws and regulations, including GDPR, are often more restrictive than those in the U.S. These 
data protection and privacy-related laws and regulations are varied, evolving, can be subject to significant change, may be 
augmented or replaced by new or additional laws and regulations and may result in ever-increasing regulatory and public 
scrutiny and escalating levels of enforcement and sanctions. For example, numerous states have adopted within the past 
three years or are in the process of adopting various privacy-related laws and regulations. In addition, on July 16, 2020, the 
Court of Justice of the European Union issued a decision that invalidated the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield framework as a basis 
for  transfers  of  personal  data  from  the  EU  to  the  U.S.,  resulting  in  uncertainty  and  potential  additional  compliance 
obligations to ensure that a valid basis under the GDPR exists for these data transfers. The European Commission published 
revised standard contractual clauses for data transfers from the European Economic Area in 2021, which were required to 
go into effect by December 2022. Finally, the U.K. has enacted a version of the GDPR the implementation of which occurred 
by way of the Data Protection Act 2018, collectively referred to as the U.K. GDPR. Uncertainty remains, however, regarding 
how aspects of data protection in the U.K. will be handled in the medium to long term. There is also a risk that we, directly 
or as the result of a third-party service provider we use, could be found to have failed to comply with the laws and regulations 
applicable in a jurisdiction regarding the collection, consent, handling, transfer or disposal of personal data. 

the FCPA, which prohibits U.S. companies and their intermediaries from making corrupt payments to foreign officials for 
the purpose of directing, obtaining or keeping business, and requires companies to maintain reasonable books and records 
and a system of internal accounting controls. The FCPA applies to companies, individual directors, officers, employees and 
agents. Under the FCPA, U.S. companies may be held liable for the corrupt actions taken by employees, strategic or local 
partners or other representatives. Because a significant portion of our total revenue is generated from revenue outside of the 
U.S., we have proactively implemented internally and externally focused measures and controls to address this risk. We 
help  ensure  that  our  employees  understand  the  key  requirements  of  FCPA  compliance  and  the  consequences  of  non-
compliance  through  training  courses  and  detective  controls.  ADTRAN  senior  management  and  employees  whose 
responsibilities include international activities are required to complete an online training program and pass an exam every 
two years. We have put processes in place to help detect non-compliance through providing our employees access to a 
worldwide  reporting  “hotline,”  available  by  phone  and  online,  that  is  maintained  by  a  third-party  provider.  Finally,  we 
perform annual reviews of our employees’ expense reports and corporate credit card activity to identify possible corruption 
concerns.  We  have  also  implemented  controls  to  help  ensure  our  third-party  partners  and  customers  observe  FCPA 
requirements. Prior to selling to new international distributors, resellers or agents, we review third-party data and check 
them against over 200 denied party lists from government institutions worldwide for potential FCPA concerns. We also 
require international distributors, resellers and agents to complete an Anti-Corruption Due Diligence Questionnaire, which 
is reviewed and assessed by a cross-functional compliance committee and our export-compliance function. 

52  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 

 

environmental, health and safety regulation governing the manufacture, assembly and testing of our products, including 
without  limitation  regulations  governing  the  use  of  hazardous  materials.  Our  failure  or  the  failure  of  our  contract 
manufacturers to properly manage the use, transportation, emission, discharge, storage, recycling or disposal of hazardous 
materials could subject us to increased costs or liabilities. Existing and future environmental regulations may restrict our 
use of certain materials to manufacture, assemble and test products.  

requirements  by  the  SEC  governing  the  disclosure  regarding  the  use  of  conflict  minerals  mined  from  the  Democratic 
Republic  of  the  Congo  and  adjoining  countries  (the  “DRC”)  and  disclosure  with  respect  to  procedures  regarding  a 
manufacturer’s efforts to prevent the sourcing of such minerals from the DRC. Certain of these minerals are present in our 
products. SEC rules implementing these requirements may have the effect of reducing the pool of suppliers that can supply 
“conflict  free”  components  and  parts,  and  we  may  not  be  able  to  obtain  conflict  free  products  or  supplies  in  sufficient 
quantities for our operations. Because our supply chain is complex, we may face reputational challenges with our customers, 
stockholders and other stakeholders if we are unable to verify sufficiently the origins for the conflict minerals used in our 
products and cannot assert that our products are “conflict free.” Environmental or similar social initiatives may also make 
it difficult to obtain supply of compliant components or may require us to write off non-compliant inventory, which could 
have an adverse effect on our business and operating results. 

 

the  insider  trading  prohibitions  and  the  respective  directors'  dealing  rules  under  the  German  Securities  Trading  Act 
(Wertpapierhandelsgesetz) and Regulation (EU) No. 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 16, 
2014, and other applicable regulations. 

Changes in trade policy in the U.S. and other countries, specifically the U.K. and China, including the imposition of additional tariffs 
and the resulting consequences, may adversely impact our gross profits, gross margins, results of operations and financial condition. 

In  recent  years,  international  market  conditions  and  the  international  regulatory  environment  have  been  increasingly  affected  by 
competition  among  countries  and  geopolitical  frictions.  In  particular,  there  have  been  a  number  of  significant  geopolitical  events, 
including  trade  tensions  and  regulatory  actions,  involving  the governments  of  the U.S.  and  China.  The  U.S. government  has  raised 
tariffs, and imposed new tariffs, on a wide range of imports of Chinese products, including component elements of our solutions and 
certain finished goods products that we sell. U.S. tariff policy involving imports from China are slated for a broad review in 2023. The 
U.S. government has also introduced broad new restrictions on imports from China allegedly manufactured with forced labor, and the 
EU has debated similar restrictions. China has retaliated by raising tariffs, and imposing new tariffs, on certain exports of U.S. goods to 
China, as well as introducing blocking measures to restrict the ability of domestic companies to comply with U.S. trade restrictions. For 
instance, over the course of 2020, the U.S. introduced significant further restrictions limiting access to controlled U.S. technology to 
additional Chinese government and commercial entities. More recently, in October 2022, the U.S. Department of Commerce imposed 
additional export control restrictions targeting the provision of, inter alia, certain semiconductors and related technology to China that 
could further disrupt supply chains that could adversely impact our business. In addition, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission 
(the “FCC”) in November 2022 prohibited communications equipment deemed to pose an unacceptable risk to national security from 
obtaining the equipment authorization that allows the products to be imported, marketed, or sold in the U.S. This prohibition currently 
includes telecommunications equipment produced by Huawei and its affiliates and subsidiaries and four other Chinese companies, and 
additional  entities  may  be  subsequently  added  to  this  list.  The  situation  involving  U.S.-China  trade  relations  remains  volatile  and 
uncertain and there can be no assurance that further actions by either country will not have an adverse impact on our business, operations 
and access to technology, or components thereof, sourced from China. 

The past few years have been challenging for the credit markets due to a shift from a time of quantitative easing to a time of quantitative 
tightening by central banks around the world. If global economic and market conditions, or economic conditions in key markets, remain 
uncertain or further deteriorate, we may experience material impacts on our business and operating results. We may also be adversely 
affected in ways that we do not currently anticipate. 

Financial Information  53 

 
  
 
 
New or revised tax regulations, changes in our effective tax rate, recognition of a valuation allowance or assessments arising from 
tax audits may have an adverse impact on our results. 

We are subject to taxation in various jurisdictions, both domestically and internationally, in which we conduct business. Significant 
judgment  is  required  in  the  determination  of  our  provision  for  income  taxes,  and  this  determination  requires  the  interpretation  and 
application of complex and sometimes uncertain tax laws and regulations. Our effective tax rate may be adversely impacted by changes 
in the mix of earnings between jurisdictions with different statutory tax rates, in the valuation of our deferred tax assets, and by changes 
in tax rules and regulations. We continually monitor our deferred tax assets and when it becomes more likely than not that a tax benefit 
will not be recognized, a valuation allowance is recorded against those assets. In addition, we are subject to examination of our income 
tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and various other tax authorities in the jurisdictions in which we conduct business. We 
regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for 
income taxes. There can be no assurance that the outcomes from these continuous examinations will not have an adverse effect on our 
results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. Additionally, we continually review the adequacy of the valuation allowance 
and recognize the benefits of deferred tax assets only as the reassessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax 
assets will be recognized. As such, we may release a portion of the valuation allowance or establish a new valuation allowance based 
on  operations  in  the  jurisdictions  in  which  these  assets  arose.  Management  continues  to  evaluate  all  evidence  including  historical 
operating results, the existence of losses in the most recent year, forecasted earnings, future taxable income and tax planning strategies. 
Should management determine that a valuation allowance is needed in the future due to not being able to absorb deferred tax assets, it 
would have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. 

In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law, which made a number of changes to the Internal Revenue Code, 
including adding a 1% excise tax on stock buybacks by publicly traded corporations and a 15% corporate minimum tax on adjusted 
financial statement income of certain large companies. The impact of these provisions on our effective tax rate will also depend on 
additional guidance to be issued by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. We are currently evaluating the impact of 
these provisions on our effective tax rate. Further, the Tax Act amended the Internal Revenue Code to require that specific research and 
experimental (“R&E”) expenditures be capitalized and amortized over five years (U.S. R&E) or fifteen years (non-U.S. R&E) beginning 
in  the  Company’s  fiscal  2023.  Although  the  U.S.  Congress  has  considered  legislation  that  would  defer,  modify,  or  repeal  the 
capitalization and amortization requirement, there is no assurance that the provision will be deferred, repealed, or otherwise modified. 
If  the  requirement  is  not  repealed  or  otherwise  modified,  it  may  increase  our  effective  tax  rate.  Additionally,  the  Organization  for 
Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”), an international association comprised of 38 countries, including the U.S., 
has issued proposals that change long-standing tax principles including on a global minimum tax initiative. On December 12, 2022 the 
EU member states agreed to implement the OECD’s Pillar 2 global corporate minimum tax rate of 15% on companies with revenues of 
at least EUR 750 million, which would go into effect in 2024. Other countries including the U.K., Switzerland, Canada, Australia and 
South Korea are also actively considering changes to their tax laws to adopt certain parts of the OECD’s proposals. 

Central Banks' monetary policy actions could increase our costs of borrowing money and negatively impact our financial condition 
and future operations. 

Market interest rates are rising and are expected to continue to rise across the yield curve. Depending on future inflation levels, the rise 
of nominal interest rates may produce a rise in real interest rates. Higher interest rates resulting from tightening monetary policy are 
expected to increase credit costs and decrease credit availability. Increases in interest rates could increase our costs of borrowing money 
under  certain  of  our  debt  facilities  with  variable  interest  rates,  which  would  negatively  impact  our  financial  condition  and  future 
operations. 

Rising inflation could negatively impact our revenues and profitability if increases in the prices of our products and services or a 
decrease in customer spending result in lower sales.  

Recent significant increases in inflation may result in decreased demand for our products and services, increased manufacturing and 
operating costs (including our labor costs), reduced liquidity, and limitations on our ability to access credit or otherwise raise debt and 
equity capital. In an inflationary environment, because certain of our customer contracts provide for fixed pricing and/or due to our 
competitor’s pricing strategies, we may be unable to raise the sales prices of our products and services at or above the rate at which our 
costs increase, which would reduce our profit and operating margins and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results. 
We also may experience lower than expected sales and potential adverse impacts on our competitive position if there is a decrease in 
customer  spending  or  a  negative  reaction  to  any  price  increases  we  are  able  to  implement.  A  reduction  in  our  revenue  would  be 
detrimental to our profitability and financial condition and could also have an adverse impact on our future growth. 

Expectations relating to environmental, social and governance considerations expose the Company to potential liabilities, increased 
costs, reputational harm, and other adverse effects on the Company’s business. 

54  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
Many  governments,  regulators,  investors,  employees,  customers  and  other  stakeholders  are  increasingly  focused  on  environmental, 
social and governance considerations relating to businesses, including climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, human and civil 
rights, and diversity, equity and inclusion. In addition, we may make statements about our environmental, social and governance goals 
and  initiatives  through  our  website,  press  statements  and  other  communications.  Responding  to  these  environmental,  social  and 
governance considerations and implementation of these goals and initiatives involves risks and uncertainties, requires investments, and 
depends in part on third-party performance or data that is outside of our control. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to achieve our 
targets, further our initiatives, adhere to our public statements, comply with federal, state or international environmental, social and 
governance laws and regulations, or meet evolving and varied stakeholder expectations and standards could result in legal and regulatory 
proceedings against us and materially adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition and stock price. 

Financial Information  55 

 
  
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 

None. 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES 

Our  global  headquarters  and  certain  administrative,  engineering  and  manufacturing  facilities  are  located  on  an  82-acre  campus  in 
Cummings Research Park in Huntsville, Alabama. Two office buildings in Huntsville, Alabama serve both our Network Solutions and 
our Services & Support segments. We lease a facility for our European headquarters in Munich, Germany. We lease engineering facilities 
in the U.S., EMEA and APAC that are used to develop products sold by our Network Solutions segment. In addition, we lease office 
space in North America, Latin America, EMEA and APAC, which provide sales and service support for both of our segments. These 
cancelable and non-cancelable leases expire at various times through 2032. For more information, see Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated 
Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report.  

We also have numerous sales and support staff operating from home-based offices serving both our Network Solutions and our Services 
& Support segments, which are located within the U.S. and abroad. 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 

From time to time we are subject to or otherwise involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations and legal proceedings that arise out 
of or are incidental to the conduct of our business (collectively, “Legal Matters”), including those relating to employment matters, patent 
rights, regulatory compliance matters, stockholder claims, and contractual and other commercial disputes. Such Legal Matters, even if 
not meritorious, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. Additionally, an unfavorable outcome 
in a legal matter, including in a patent dispute, could require us to pay damages, entitle claimants to other relief, such as royalties, or 
could prevent us from selling some of our products in certain jurisdictions. At this time, we are unable to predict the outcome of or 
estimate the possible loss or range of loss, if any, associated with these legal matters. 

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 

Not applicable. 

56  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
PART II 

ITEM  5.  MARKET  FOR  REGISTRANT'S  COMMON  EQUITY,  RELATED  STOCKHOLDER  MATTERS  AND  ISSUER 
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "ADTN" and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under 
the symbol "QH9". As of February 27, 2023, we had 45 stockholders of record and approximately 19,485 beneficial owners of shares 
held in street name.  

Performance Graph 

The graph below matches our cumulative 5-Year total shareholder return on common stock (specifically, the total shareholder return on 
ADTRAN, Inc.’s common stock for all periods prior to the Merger and that of ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. following the Merger) with the 
cumulative  total  returns  of  the  NASDAQ  Telecommunications  index  and  the  NASDAQ  Composite  index.  The  graph  tracks  the 
performance of a $100 investment in our common stock and in each index (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from 12/31/2017 to 
12/31/2022. 

* $100 invested on 12/31/17 in stock or index-including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ending December 31. 

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 
NASDAQ Telecommunications 
NASDAQ Composite 

 $ 
 $ 
 $ 

100.00  $ 
100.00  $ 
100.00  $ 

56.83 
105.27 
97.18 

 $ 
 $ 
 $ 

53.88   $ 
119.63   $ 
132.88   $ 

83.18  $ 
148.58  $ 
192.74  $ 

130.95  $ 
157.71  $ 
235.56  $ 

109.66 
119.73 
158.97 

12/31/17 

12/31/18 

12/31/19 

12/31/20 

12/31/21 

12/31/22 

The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. 

Financial Information  57 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
Stock Repurchases 

The following table sets forth repurchases of our common stock for the months indicated. 

Period 
October 1, 2022 – October 31, 2022 
November 1, 2022 – November 30, 2022 
December 1, 2022 – December 31, 2022 
Total 

Total 
Number of 
Shares 
Purchased 

— 
— 
— 
— 

Average 
Price Paid 
per Share 
— 
— 
— 

 $ 
 $ 
 $ 

Total Number of Shares 
Purchased as Part of 
Publicly Announced 
Plans or Programs (1) 

Maximum Number of 
Shares that May Yet Be 
Purchased Under the 
Plans or Programs 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 

(1)  During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company did not repurchase any shares of Company Common Stock and there is 

no current authorization to repurchase Company Common Stock. 

We declared a quarterly dividend of $0.09 per share of common stock to record holders in each quarter of 2022. The declaration and 
payment by us of any future dividends to holders of our common stock is at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors. 

58  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
ITEM 6. RESERVED 

Financial Information  59 

 
  
 
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included 
in  Part  II,  Item  8  of  this  report.  We  have  omitted  discussion  of  the  earliest  of  the  three  years  of  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations and this information can be found in Part I, Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and 
Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on February 
25, 2022, which is available free of charge on the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov and on our website at www.adtran.com. 

This  discussion  is  designed  to  provide  the  reader  with  information  that  will  assist  in  understanding  our  consolidated  financial 
statements, the changes in certain key items in those financial statements from period to period, and the primary factors that accounted 
for those changes, as well as how certain accounting principles affect our consolidated financial statements. See “Cautionary Note 
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” on page 2 of this report for a description of important factors that could cause actual results 
to differ from expected results. See also Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this Form 10-K. 

Unless the context otherwise indicates or requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to "ADTRAN", the “Company,” 
“we,” “us” and “our” refer to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries for periods subsequent to the Merger and to 
ADTRAN, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries for periods prior to the Merger. The prior period results do not include the results of 
ADVA prior to the Merger. 

Overview 

The Company is a leading global provider of networking and communications platforms, software, systems and services focused on the 
broadband access market, serving a diverse domestic and international customer base in multiple countries that includes Tier-1, -2 and 
-3  service  providers,  alternative  service  providers,  such  as  utilities,  municipalities  and  fiber  overbuilders,  cable/MSOs,  SMBs  and 
distributed enterprises. Our innovative solutions and services enable voice, data, video and internet-communications across a variety of 
network  infrastructures  and  are  currently  in  use  by  millions  worldwide.  We  support  our  customers  through  our  direct  global  sales 
organization and our distribution networks. Our success depends upon our ability to increase unit volume and market share through the 
introduction  of  new  products  and  succeeding  generations  of  products  having  optimal  selling  prices  and  increased  functionality  as 
compared to both the prior generation of a product and to the products of competitors in order to gain market share. To service our 
customers  and  grow  revenue,  we  are  continually  conducting  research  and  developing  new  products  addressing  customer  needs  and 
testing those products for the specific requirements of the particular customers. We offer a broad portfolio of flexible software and 
hardware network solutions and services that enable service providers to meet today’s service demands, while enabling them to transition 
to the fully converged, scalable, highly-automated, cloud-controlled voice, data, internet and video network of the future. In addition to 
our global headquarters in Huntsville, Alabama, and our European headquarters in Munich, Germany, we have sales, administrative and 
research and development facilities in strategic global locations. 

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. solely owns ADTRAN, Inc. and is the majority shareholder of ADVA Optical Networking SE ("ADVA"). 
ADTRAN is a leading global provider of open, disaggregated networking and communications solutions. ADVA is a global provider 
of network solutions for data, storage, voice and video services. The combined technology portfolio can best address current and future 
requirements, especially regarding the convergence of solutions at the network edge.  

In addition to the Company's reportable segments, revenue is also reported for the following three categories – Subscriber Solutions, 
Access & Aggregation Solutions, and Optical Networking Solutions. 

Prior to the Business Combination with ADVA on July 15, 2022, ADTRAN reported revenue across the following three categories: (1) 
Access  &  Aggregation,  (2)  Subscriber  Solutions  &  Experience  and  (3)  Traditional  &  Other  Products.  Following  the  Business 
Combination with ADVA, we have recast these revenues such that ADTRAN’s former Access & Aggregation revenue is combined 
with a portion of the applicable ADVA solutions to create Access & Aggregation Solutions, ADTRAN’s former Subscriber Solutions 
& Experience revenue is combined with a portion of the applicable ADVA solutions to create Subscriber Solutions and the revenue 
from Traditional & Other products is now included in the applicable Access & Aggregation Solutions or Subscriber Solutions category. 
Optical Networking Solutions is a new revenue category added to represent a meaningful portion of ADVA’s portfolio. 

Our Subscriber Solutions portfolio is used by service providers to terminate their access services infrastructure at the customer premises 
while providing an immersive and interactive experience for residential, business and wholesale subscribers. This revenue category 
includes  hardware-  and  software-based  products  and  services.  These  solutions  include  fiber  termination  solutions  for  residential, 
business and wholesale subscribers, Wi-Fi access solutions for residential and business subscribers, Ethernet switching and network 
edge virtualization solutions for business subscribers and cloud software solutions covering a mix of subscriber types. 

Our Access & Aggregation Solutions are solutions that are used by communications service providers to connect residential subscribers, 
business subscribers and mobile radio networks to the service providers’ metro network, primarily through fiber-based connectivity. 
This revenue category includes hardware- and software-based products and services. Our solutions within this category are a mix of 
fiber access and aggregation platforms, precision network synchronization and timing solutions and access orchestration solutions that 
ensure highly reliable and efficient network performance. 

60  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
Our Optical Networking Solutions are used by communications service providers, internet content providers and large-scale enterprises 
to securely interconnect metro and regional networks over fiber. This revenue category includes hardware- and software-based products 
and services. Our solutions within this category include open optical terminals, open line systems, optical subsystems and modules, 
network  infrastructure  assurance  systems  and  automation  platforms  that  are  used  to  build  high-scale,  secure  and  assured  optical 
networks. 

ADVA Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement 

The DPLTA between the Company, as the controlling company, and ADVA Optical Networking SE, as the controlled company, which 
was executed on December 1, 2022, became effective on January 16, 2023, as a result of its registration with the commercial register 
(Handelsregister) of the local court (Amtsgericht) at the registered seat of ADVA (Jena). 

Under the DPLTA, subject to certain limitations pursuant to applicable law and the specific terms of the DPLTA, (i) the Company is 
entitled to issue binding instructions to the management board of ADVA, (ii) ADVA will transfer its annual profit to the Company, 
subject to, among other things, the creation or dissolution of certain reserves, and (iii) the Company will generally absorb the annual net 
loss incurred by ADVA. The obligation of ADVA to transfer its annual profit to the Company applies for the first time to the profit, if 
any, generated in the ADVA fiscal year 2023. The obligation of the Company to absorb ADVA’s annual net loss applies for the first 
time to the loss, if any, generated in the ADVA fiscal year 2023. 

Additionally, and subject to certain limitations pursuant to applicable law and the specific terms of the DPLTA, the DPLTA provides 
that ADVA shareholders (other than us) be offered, at their election, (i) to put their ADVA shares to the Company in exchange for a 
compensation in cash of EUR 17.21 per share (the “Exit Compensation”), or (ii) to remain ADVA shareholders and receive a recurring 
compensation in cash of EUR 0.59 (EUR 0.52 net under the current tax regime) per share for each full fiscal year of ADVA (the “Annual 
Recurring  Compensation”).  The  Annual  Recurring  Compensation  is  due  on  the  third  banking  day  following  the  ordinary  general 
shareholders’ meeting of ADVA for the respective preceding fiscal year (but in any event within eight months following expiration of 
the fiscal year) and is first granted for the 2023 fiscal year, payable for the first time after the ordinary general shareholders’ meeting of 
ADVA in 2024. The adequacy of both forms of compensation have been challenged by minority shareholders of ADVA via court-led 
appraisal proceedings under German law, and it is possible that the courts in such appraisal proceedings may adjudicate a higher Exit 
Compensation or Annual Recurring Compensation (in each case, including interest thereon) than agreed upon in the DPLTA.  

The opportunity for outside ADVA shareholders to tender ADVA shares in exchange for Exit Compensation had been scheduled to 
expire on March 16, 2023. However, due to the appraisal proceedings that have been initiated in accordance with applicable German 
law, this time period for tendering shares has been extended pursuant to the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz) and will end 
two  months  after  the  date  on  which  a  final  decision  in  such  appraisal  proceedings  has  been  published  in  the  Federal  Gazette 
(Bundesanzeiger). 

We currently hold 33,961,170 no-par value bearer shares of ADVA, representing 65.30% of ADVA’s outstanding shares as of February 
14, 2023. 

The foregoing description of the DPLTA does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the DPLTA, a 
non-binding English translation of which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized $14.2 million of transaction costs relating to the Business Combination. We 
expect to incur integration costs and costs associated with the implementation of the DPLTA during 2023 and such costs are expected 
to be material. 

Multi-Year Integration Program 

During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company initiated a multi-year integration program designed to optimize the assets, business 
processes, and information technology systems of the Company.  

The program has identified several potential cost synergies, including: 

 

 

 

 

realizing operational scale;  

combined sales channels;   

streamlining corporate and general and administrative functions; and 

combined sourcing and production costs. 

We have and will continue to invest significant dollars to restructure the workforce, optimize legacy systems, streamline legal entities 
and consolidate real estate holdings. By executing these integration activities, we expect to deliver greater innovation for customers, 
career enrichment opportunities for employees, and enhanced value for shareholders. See Note 23 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this report for additional information. 

Financial Information  61 

 
  
 
Financial Performance and Trends 

We ended 2022 with a year-over-year revenue increase of 82.2% as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, driven by increased 
volume of sales activity due to the Business Combination with ADVA and to service provider customers. During 2022, we had one 10% 
revenue customer which was a domestic service provider customer and our five largest customers comprised 38.3% of our revenue. Our 
year-over-year domestic revenue increased by 38.1%, driven by increased sales volume due to the Business Combination with ADVA 
and an increased sales volume of residential gateways and optical network terminals in our Network Solutions segment. Internationally, 
our revenue increased by 169.7% compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by increased volume of sales activity due to the 
Business Combination with ADVA and increased shipments to a Tier-1 network operator in Europe. We experienced strong demand 
for our solutions during 2022 and achieved significant year-over-year bookings growth. Bookings are defined as orders received for a 
product or service during a fiscal period that will be delivered or performed sometime in the future and is a forward looking metric that 
we  utilize  to  help  us  understand  future  revenue  growth  for  the  Company.  Bookings  are  generally  subject  to  modification  and  or 
cancellation  per  the  terms  of  the  order.  Our  increase  in  demand  comes  from  service  providers  planning  to  deploy  our  fiber  access 
platforms, in-home service delivery platforms and SaaS applications. We expect this growth to accelerate. During 2021 and 2022, we 
secured several Tier-1 next-generation fiber customers, and previously announced Tier-1 fiber customers significantly increased their 
bookings for our fiber access platforms. Although we expect our revenue growth and profitability in the near-term to continue to be 
negatively impacted by supply chain issues, our outlook continues to strengthen given the increased demand for our products and our 
expectation of an improving supply chain over the longer term. 

A substantial portion of our shipments of inventory in any fiscal period relate to orders received and shipped within that fiscal period 
for  customers  under  agreements  containing  non-binding  purchase  commitments.  Further,  a  significant  percentage  of  orders  require 
delivery within a few days. However, with the current global supply chain and transportation constraints, and limited availability of 
semiconductor chips and other components of our products, we have experienced and may continue to experience extended lead times, 
increased logistics intervals and costs, and lower volume of products deliveries, which have had and may continue to have a material 
adverse effect on our operating results and could have a material adverse effect on our customer relations and our financial condition.  

The extent of the impact of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic on our business remains uncertain and difficult to predict 
because of the dynamic and evolving nature of the situation. Despite the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines and related 
treatments, the global impact of the outbreak continues to adversely affect many industries, and different geographies continue to reflect 
the effects of public health restrictions in various ways. The economic recovery following the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is 
only  partially  underway  and  has  been  gradual,  uneven  and  characterized  by  meaningful  dispersion  across  sectors  and  regions  with 
uncertainty regarding its ultimate length and trajectory. The COVID-19 pandemic and related countermeasures have previously impacted 
our operations. During 2022, notwithstanding improvement in many markets in which we operate due to a return to more normalized 
business operations, certain markets continued to be adversely impacted by COVID-19 or as a result of policies relating to COVID-19. 

Additionally, due to the pandemic and a global semiconductor chip shortage, we experienced disruption and delays in our supply chain 
and significant price increases with certain of our manufacturing partners, and those disruptions, delays and price increases may continue. 
For example, in the second half of 2021 and throughout 2022, our results of operations were negatively impacted by increased expenses 
resulting from supply chain disruptions. With the current global supply chain and transportation constraints, including delays in supply 
chain deliveries and the related global semi-conductor chip shortage may continue to have a material adverse effect on our operating 
results  and  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  customer  relations  and  our  financial  condition.  We  believe  these  supply  chain 
challenges and their adverse impact on our industry will continue to ease during 2023. However, there can be no assurance that the 
ongoing  disruptions  due  to  COVID-19,  the  related  global  semiconductor  chip  shortage  or  other  supply  chain  constraints  or  price 
increases will be resolved in the near term, which could continue to adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of 
operations. We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our business. 

Our operating results have fluctuated, and may continue to fluctuate, on a quarterly basis due to several factors, including customer 
order activity, supply chain constraints, component availability, the Company's consolidation, purchase accounting, and integration with 
ADVA. A substantial portion of our shipments in any fiscal period relates to orders received and shipped within that fiscal period for 
customers under agreements containing non-binding purchase commitments. Further, a significant percentage of orders require delivery 
within a few days requiring us to maintain higher inventory levels. These factors may result in limited order flow visibility. However, 
with the current global supply chain and transportation constraints, and limited availability of semiconductor chips and other components 
of our products, we have experienced and may continue to experience extended lead times, increased logistics intervals and costs, and 
lower volume of products deliveries, which have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on our operating results and 
could have a material adverse effect on customer relations and our financial condition. We believe these supply chain challenges and 
their adverse impact on our industry will continue at least through fiscal 2023 and expect that the extended lead times and elevated 
supply  chain  costs  experienced  by  our  industry  will  persist  for  the  reasonably  foreseeable  future.  It  is  unclear  when  the  supply 
environment will become less volatile and what impacts the supply environment will have on the industry in future periods. Operating 
expenses are relatively fixed in the short term; therefore, a shortfall in quarterly revenues could significantly impact our financial results 
in a given quarter. 

62  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
Our operating results may also fluctuate as a result of a number of other factors, including a decline in general economic and market 
conditions,  specifically  the  decline  that  initially  resulted  from  the  COVID-19  pandemic  and  that  may  recur  and  foreign  currency 
exchange rate movements, inflation, regional conflicts, increased competition, customer order patterns, changes in product and services 
mix, timing differences between price decreases and product cost  reductions, product warranty returns, expediting costs, tariffs and 
announcements of new products by us or our competitors. Specifically, we expect inflationary pressures on input costs, such as raw 
materials and labor, and distribution costs to increase. We continue to support our customer demand for our products by working with 
our  suppliers, contract  manufacturers, distributors,  and  customers  to  address  and  to  limit  the disruption  to our  operations  and  order 
fulfillment. Our  attempts  to offset  these  cost  pressures,  such  as  through increases  in  the  selling prices of  some  of  our products  and 
services, may not be successful and could negatively affect our operating results. Additionally, maintaining sufficient inventory levels 
to assure prompt delivery of our products increases the amount of inventory that may become obsolete and increases the risk that the 
obsolescence  of  this  inventory  may  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  business  and  operating  results.  Also,  not  maintaining  sufficient 
inventory levels to assure prompt delivery of our products may cause us to incur expediting costs to meet customer delivery requirements, 
which may negatively impact our operating results. 

We are exposed to changes in foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, which are references to the differences between the foreign-
exchanges rates we use to convert the financial results of our international operations from local currencies into U.S. dollars for financial 
reporting purposes. This impact of foreign-exchange rate changes is calculated based on the difference between the current period’s 
currency exchange rates and that of the comparable prior period. Our primary exposures to foreign currency exchange rate movements 
are with the Euro and the British pound sterling. As a result of our global operations, our revenue, gross margins, operating expense and 
operating income in some international markets have been and may continue to be affected by foreign currency fluctuations. 

Our historical financial performance is not necessarily a meaningful indicator of future results, and, in general, management expects 
that our financial results may vary from period to period. For a discussion of risks associated with our operating results, see Part I, Item 
1A, Risk Factors of this report. 

Financial Information  63 

 
  
 
 
Results of Operations 

The following table presents selected financial information derived from our Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income expressed as a 
percentage of revenue for the years indicated. Amounts may not foot due to rounding. 

Revenue 

Network Solutions 
Services & Support 

Total Revenue 
Cost of Revenue 

Network Solutions 
Services & Support 
Total Cost of Revenue 
Gross Profit 

Selling, general and administrative expenses 
Research and development expenses 
Asset impairments 

Operating Loss 

Interest and dividend income 
Interest expense 
Net investment (loss) gain 
Other income (expense), net 

Loss Before Income Taxes 

Income tax benefit (expense) 

Net (Loss) Income 
Less: Net Loss attributable to non-controlling interest 
Net (Loss) Income attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 

Year Ended December 31, 

2022 

2021 

2020 

89.4%    
10.6 
100.0 

88.6%    
11.4 
100.0 

86.5% 
13.5 
100.0 

63.1 
5.0 
68.1 
31.9 
20.4 
16.9 
1.7 
(7.1) 
0.2 
(0.3) 
(1.1) 
1.4 
(6.9) 
6.1 
(0.9)%  
(0.7) 
(0.2)%  

54.7 
6.5 
61.2 
38.8 
22.1 
19.3 
— 
(2.6) 
0.5 
— 
0.3 
0.7 
(1.1) 
(0.4) 
(1.5)%   

— 

(1.5)%   

48.2 
8.8 
57.0 
43.0 
22.5 
22.4 
— 
(1.9) 
0.4 
— 
1.0 
(0.6) 
(1.2) 
1.7 
0.5%
— 
0.5%

The  following  discussion  and  financial  information  are  presented  to  aid  in  an  understanding  of  our  current  consolidated  financial 
position,  changes  in  financial  position,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows  and  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  audited 
consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein. The emphasis of the discussion is a comparison of the years ended 
December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. For a discussion of a comparison of the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 
31, 2020, please  refer  to Management’s Discussion  and Analysis of Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  included  in our 
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022. 

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 

Revenue 

Our revenue increased 82.2% from $563.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $1,026 million for the year ended December 
31, 2022. The increase in revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 is primarily attributable to a $365.9 million increase in volume 
of sales activity due to the Business Combination with ADVA and a $96.6 million increase in volume of sales activity related to our 
ADTRAN, Inc. operations. The increase in revenue by category for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily attributable to a 
$261.1 million increase in Optical Networking Solutions products due to the Business Combination with ADVA and a $184.2 million 
increase in Subscriber Solutions products. Although our revenue increased, supply of semiconductor chips and other components of our 
products has become constrained resulting in extended lead times and increased costs. Transportation constraints, including shortages 
for both air and surface freight, as well as labor shortages in the transportation industry, have also affected the timing and the cost of 
obtaining raw materials and production supplies. Although our revenue growth and profitability in the near-term may be impacted by 
these global supply chain issues, our longer term outlook continues to strengthen given our progress with new customer opportunities 
and the increased customer demand. 

Network  Solutions  segment  revenue  increased  83.8%  from  $498.8  million  in  2021  to  $916.8  million  in  2022,  due  primarily  to  the 
increase of $320.3 million in volume of sales activity due to the Business Combination with ADVA and the increase in revenue for 
Subscriber Solutions products of $107.0 million, partially offset by a decrease in Access & Aggregation Solutions products of $9.3 
million revenue in our ADTRAN, Inc. operations. 

Services & Support revenue increased by 69.5% from $64.2 million in 2021 to $108.7 million in 2022. The increase in revenue for 2022 
was  primarily  attributable  to  the  increase  of  $45.6  million  in  volume  of  sales  activity  from  the  Business  Combination  with  ADVA 
partially offset by a $3.1 million decrease in revenue for Access & Aggregation Solutions products in our ADTRAN, Inc. operations. 

64  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Domestic revenue increased by 38.1% from $374.6 million in 2021 to $517.4 million in 2022, driven by increased volume of network 
termination and fiber CPE in our Network Solutions segment. In addition, such growth was a result of increased revenue to Tier-2 and 
Tier-3 customers with diversified business among our fiber access and CPE, service provider CPE and services. 

International revenue, which is defined as revenue generated from the Network Solutions and Services & Support segments provided to 
a customer outside of the U.S., increased by 169.7% from $188.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $508.1 million for 
the year ended December 31, 2022. International revenue, as a percentage of total revenue, increased from 33.5% for the year ended 
December 31, 2021 to 49.5% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in international revenue for 2022 was primarily 
attributable to the increase in volume of $263.8 million in sales activity from the Business Combination with ADVA and increased 
shipments to a Tier-1 network operator and multiple alternative network operators in Europe. While international revenue has increased 
to approximately 49.5% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022, the mix of our Network Solutions and Services & 
Support segments as a percentage of total international revenue remains relatively linear. For the year ended December 31, 2022 as 
compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, changes in foreign currencies relative to the U.S dollar decreased our net sales by 
approximately $41.5 million. 

Our ADTRAN, Inc. international revenue is largely focused on broadband infrastructure and is consequently affected by the decisions 
of  our  customers  as  to  timing  for  installation  of  new  technologies,  expansion  of  their  networks  and/or  network  upgrades.  Our 
international customers must make these decisions in the regulatory and political environment in which they operate – both nationally 
and in some instances, regionally – whether of a multi-country region or a more local region within a country. Consequently, while we 
expect  the  global  trend  towards  deployment  of  more  robust  broadband  speeds  and  access  to  continue  creating  additional  market 
opportunities for us, the factors described above may result in pressure on revenue and operating income. Our ADVA international 
revenue is largely focused on the manufacture and selling of networking solutions that are based on three core areas of expertise: fiber-
optic transmission technology (cloud interconnect), cloud access technology for rapid creation of innovative services around the network 
edge  and  solutions  for  precise  timing  and  synchronization  of  networks.  In  addition,  ADVA's  international  operations  offers  a 
comprehensive portfolio of network design, implementation and maintenance services to assist operators in the deployment of market-
leading networks while reducing their cost to maintain these networks. 

Cost of Revenue 

As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue increased from 61.2% for the year ended December 31, 2021 to 68.1% for the year ended 
December  31,  2022.  The  increase  was  primarily  attributable  to  acquisition  related  expenses,  adjustments  consisting  of  intangible 
amortization of backlog, developed technology and fair value adjustments to inventory costs that flow through to cost of revenue as a 
result of the Business Combination with ADVA, as well as supply chain constraint related expenses and to a lesser extent changes in 
customer and product mix and a regional revenue shift in our ADTRAN, Inc. operations. As our current inventory that was acquired in 
the  Business  Combination  with  ADVA  is  sold,  we  expect  that  our  cost  of  revenue  as  a  percentage  of  revenue  will  return  to  more 
normalized levels. For the year ended December 31, 2022, changes in foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar decreased our cost 
of revenue by approximately $9.6 million. 

Network Solutions cost of revenue, as a percentage of that segment’s revenue, increased from 61.7% of revenue in 2021 to 70.6% of 
revenue in 2022. The increase in cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue was primarily attributable to acquisition related expenses, 
amortizations and adjustments consisting of intangible amortization of backlog, developed technology and fair value adjustments to 
inventory  costs  that  flow  through  to  cost  of  revenue  as  a  result  of  the  Business  Combination  with  ADVA,  as  well  as  supply  chain 
constraint related expenses and to a lesser extent changes in customer and product mix and a regional revenue shift in our ADTRAN, 
Inc. operations. 

Services & Support cost of revenue, as a percentage of that segment’s revenue, decreased from 57.3% of revenue in 2021 to 47.1% of 
revenue in 2022. The decrease in cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue was primarily attributable to customer mix and changes in 
Services & Support mix as a result of the Business Combination with ADVA. 

Services & Support revenue is comprised of network planning and implementation, maintenance, support and cloud-based management 
services, with network planning and implementation being the largest and fastest growing component in the long-term. Compared to 
our  other  services,  such  as  maintenance,  support  and  cloud-based  management  services,  our  network  planning  and  implementation 
services typically utilize a higher percentage of internal and subcontracted engineers, professionals and contractors to perform the work 
for  customers.  The  additional  costs  incurred  to  perform  these  infrastructure  and  labor-intensive  services  inherently  result  in  lower 
average  gross  margins  as  compared  to  maintenance  and  support  services.  Within  the  Services  &  Support  segment,  we  do  expect 
variability in gross margins from quarter-to-quarter based on the mix of the services recognized. 

Financial Information  65 

 
  
 
 
Gross Profit 

As a percentage of revenue, gross profit decreased from 38.8% for the year ended December 31, 2021 to 31.9% for the year ended 
December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to increases in cost of revenue related to acquisition related expenses, 
adjustments consisting of intangible amortization of backlog, developed technology and fair value adjustments to inventory costs that 
flow through to cost of revenue as a result of the Business Combination with ADVA, as well as supply chain constraint related expenses 
and to a lesser extent changes in customer and product mix and a regional revenue shift in our ADTRAN, Inc. operations partially offset 
by an increase in volume of sales activity due to the Business Combination with ADVA and an increase in volume of sales activity 
related to our ADTRAN, Inc. operations. 

As a percentage of that segment's revenue, Network Solutions gross profit decreased from 38.3% for the year ended December 31, 2021 
to  29.4%  for  the year  ended December  31, 2022. The  decrease was primarily  attributable  to  increases  in  cost of  revenue  related  to 
acquisition  related  expenses,  adjustments  consisting  of  intangible  amortization  of  backlog,  developed  technology  and  fair  value 
adjustments to inventory costs that flow through to cost of revenue as a result of the Business Combination with ADVA, as well as 
supply chain constraint related expenses and to a lesser extent changes in customer and product mix and a regional revenue shift in our 
ADTRAN, Inc. operations partially offset by an increase in volume of sales activity due to the Business Combination with ADVA and 
an increase in volume of sales activity related to our ADTRAN, Inc. operations. 

As a percentage of that segment's revenue, Services & Support gross profit increased from 42.7% for the year ended December 31, 2021 
to 52.9% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in volume of sales activity due 
to the Business Combination with ADVA, an increase in volume of sales activity related to our ADTRAN, Inc. and a decrease in cost 
of revenue attributable to customer mix and changes in Services & Support mix as a result of the Business Combination with ADVA.  

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses 

Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased from 22.1% for the year ended December 31, 2021 
to 20.4% for the year ended December 31, 2022. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue will generally 
fluctuate whenever there is a significant fluctuation in revenue for the periods being compared as these costs are relatively fixed in the 
short term. 

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 67.9% from $124.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $208.9 
million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Selling, general and administrative expenses include personnel costs for management, 
accounting, information technology, human resources, sales and marketing, as well as independent auditor, tax and other professional 
fees, contract services and legal and litigation related costs. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily 
attributable to increased expenses related to the Business Combination with ADVA such as employee-related costs due to an increase 
in the number of employees, amortization of intangible assets, depreciation of property, plant and equipment and transactions costs. For 
the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, changes in foreign currencies relative to the U.S 
dollar decreased our selling, general and administrative expenses by approximately $4.4 million. 

Research and Development Expenses 

Research and development expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased from 19.3% for the year ended December 31, 2021 to 16.9% 
for the year ended December 31, 2022. Research and development expenses as a percentage of revenue will fluctuate whenever there 
are incremental product development activities or significant fluctuations in revenue for the periods being compared as these costs are 
relatively fixed in the short term. 

Research and development expenses increased by 59.9% from $108.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $173.8 million 
for  the year  ended  December  31, 2022.  The  increase  in  research  and development  expenses was primarily  attributable  to  increased 
expenses related to the Business Combination with ADVA such as employee-related costs due to an increase in the number of employees 
and expenses related to our multi-year integration program, amortization of intangible assets and depreciation of property, plant and 
equipment. For the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, changes in foreign currencies 
relative to the U.S. dollar decreased our research and development expenses by approximately $5.2 million. 

ADVA has arrangements with governmental entities for the purposes of obtaining funding for research and development activities. The 
Company classifies government grants received under these arrangements as a reduction to research and development expense incurred. 
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $1.1 million as a reduction of research and development expense. 

We expect to continue to incur research and development expenses in connection with our new and existing products. We continually 
evaluate new product opportunities and engage in significant research and product development efforts, which provides for new product 
development,  enhancement  of  existing  products  and  product  cost  reductions.  We  may  incur  significant  research  and  development 
expenses prior to the receipt of revenue from a major new product group. 

66  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
Asset Impairments 

In connection with the planned integration of information technology following the Business Combination, we determined that certain 
projects  no  longer  fit  our  needs.  As  a  result,  the  Company  recognized  impairment  charges  of  $17.4  million  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022, primarily attributable to capitalized implementation costs for a cloud computing arrangement. There were no asset 
impairments recognized during the year ended December 31, 2021. See Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
included in Part II, Item 8 of this report for additional information. 

Interest and Dividend Income 

Interest and dividend income decreased by 25.4% from $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $2.1 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in interest and dividend income was primarily attributable to a decrease in the investment 
balance for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. Our investments decreased from $71.0 million as of December 31, 2021 to 
$33.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and was primarily attributable to the sale of certain equity and fixed income investments for 
working capital and other purposes. 

Interest Expense 

Interest expense increased from less than $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $3.4 million for the year ended December 
31, 2022. The increase in interest expense was primarily related to an increase in assumed debt associated with the Business Combination 
with ADVA and the new Wells Fargo Credit Agreement. See Note 13 and Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, 
included in Part II, Item 8 of this report and “Financing Activities” in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below. 

Net Investment (Loss) Gain  

We recognized a net investment gain of $1.8 million and a loss of $11.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, 
respectively. The fluctuations in our net investments were primarily attributable to changes in the fair value of our securities recognized 
during the period. We expect that any future market volatility could result in continued fluctuations in our investment portfolio. See 
“Investing Activities” in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” of this report and Note 1 and Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report for additional information. 

Other Income (Expense), net 

Other income (expense), net, increased from income of $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to income of $14.5 million 
for the year ended December 31, 2022. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, other income (expense), net, is comprised 
primarily of unrealized gains on foreign exchange contracts, gains and losses on foreign currency transactions and income from excess 
material  sales.  See  Note  12  of  Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  included  in  Part  II,  Item  8  of  the  report  for  additional 
information on foreign exchange contracts. 

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)  

Our effective tax rate changed from an expense of 37.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2021 to a benefit of 87.5% for the year ended 
December 31, 2022. The change in the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022, was driven primarily by the release of 
the majority of our valuation allowance against our domestic deferred tax assets during the fourth quarter of 2022, that was partially 
offset by increased international tax expense primarily as a result of our closing of the Business Combination with ADVA during the 
third  quarter  of  2022.  See  Note  15  of  the  Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  included  in  Part  II,  Item  8  of  this  report  for 
additional information. 

Net (Loss) Income Attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 

As a result of the above factors, our net loss attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. decreased from $8.6 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2021 to a net loss of $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. As a percentage of revenue, net loss was 1.5% 
for the year ended December 31, 2021 and net loss was 0.2% for the year ended December 31, 2022. 

Liquidity and Capital Resources 

Liquidity 

We have historically financed, our ongoing business with existing cash, investments and cash flow from operations. In the current supply 
environment  we  also  expect  to  utilize  our  credit  arrangements  to  manage  our  working  capital  needs.  We  have  used,  and  expect  to 
continue  to  use,  existing  cash,  investments,  credit  arrangements  and  cash  generated  from  operations  for  working  capital,  business 
acquisitions,  shareholder  dividends  and  other  general  corporate  purposes,  including  product  development  activities  to  enhance  our 
existing products and develop new products, expand our sales and marketing activities and fund capital expenditures. As of December 
31, 2022, the Company has incurred a total of $26.1 million of transaction costs related to the Business Combination. We will also be 
obligated to compensate any annual net loss of ADVA under the DPLTA. Additionally, pursuant to the terms of the DPLTA, each 
ADVA shareholder (other than the Company) has received an offer to elect either (1) to remain an ADVA shareholder and receive from 
us an Annual Recurring Compensation payment, or (2) to receive Exit Compensation. Assuming all of the minority holders of currently 
outstanding ADVA shares were to elect the second option, we would be obligated to make aggregate Exit Compensation payments of 

Financial Information  67 

 
  
approximately EUR 310.6 million or approximately $333.2 million, based on an exchange rate as of December 31, 2022. Shareholders 
electing  the  first  option  of  Annual  Recurring  Compensation  may  later  elect  the  second  option.  The  opportunity  for  outside  ADVA 
shareholders to tender ADVA shares in exchange for Exit Compensation expires on March 16, 2023 (subject to appraisal proceedings). 
Our obligation to pay Annual Recurring Compensation under the DPLTA would lead to a continuing payment obligation, which would 
amount to approximately EUR 10.6 million or $11.4 million (based on the current exchange rate), per year assuming none of the minority 
ADVA  shareholders  were  to  elect  Exit  Compensation.  The  foregoing  amounts  do  not  reflect  any  potential  increase  in  payment 
obligations that we may have depending on the outcome of ongoing appraisal proceedings in Germany. 

We believe that our cash and cash equivalents, investments, cash generated from operations and access to funds under the new Wells 
Fargo credit facility (described below) will be adequate to meet our operating and capital needs and our obligations under the Business 
Combination and the DPLTA for at least the next 12 months.  

As of December 31, 2022, cash on hand was $108.6 million and short-term investments were $0.3 million, which resulted in available 
short-term liquidity of $108.9 million, of which $86.3 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2021, cash on 
hand was $56.6 million and short-term investments were $0.4 million, which resulted in available short-term liquidity of $57.0 million, 
of which $47.7 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries. Generally, we intend to permanently reinvest funds held outside the U.S., 
except  to  the  extent  that  any  of  these  funds  can  be  repatriated  without  withholding  tax.  The  decrease  in  short-term  liquidity  from 
December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022 was primarily attributable to the sale of certain equity and fixed income investments for 
working capital and other purposes. 

In addition to our cash and cash equivalents and the credit facility, we may fund a portion or all of the Exit Compensation through the 
sale of securities. There can be no assurances that we would be successful in effecting these actions on commercially reasonable terms 
or at all. 

Operating Activities 

Net cash used in operating activities of $44.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 decreased by $47.2 million compared 
to $3.0 million of net cash provided during the year ended December 31, 2021. This decrease was primarily due to net cash outflows 
from  working  capital,  specifically,  an  inventory  build  related  to  component  availability,  an  increase  in  accounts  receivables  and 
transaction costs related to the Business Combination partially offset by an increase in the average number of days payable to our trade 
suppliers. Additional details related to our working capital and its drivers are discussed below. 

Net accounts receivable increased 76.0% from $158.7 million as of December 31, 2021 to $279.4 million as of December 31, 2022. 
There was an allowance for credit losses of less than $0.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and no allowance for credit losses as of 
December 31, 2021. The increase in net accounts receivable was due primarily to the increase in sales volume related to the Business 
Combination  with  ADVA  and  an  increase  in  sales  volume  in  our  ADTRAN,  Inc.  operations.  Quarterly  accounts  receivable  DSO 
decreased from 95 days as of December 31, 2021 to 72 days as of December 31, 2022. The decrease in DSO was due to customer and 
geographical mix associated with the Business Combination with ADVA and timing of sales within the quarter. 

Other receivables increased 192.4% from $11.2 million as of December 31, 2021 to $32.8 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase 
in other receivables was primarily attributable to an increase in prepaid taxes associated with Business Combination with ADVA and 
contract assets partially offset by a decrease in our receivables for sales of raw materials and reclaimed duty drawbacks. 

Annual  inventory  turnover  decreased  from  2.60  turns  as  of  December  31,  2021  to  2.46  turns  as  of  December  31,  2022.  Inventory 
increased 205.6% from $139.9 million as of December 31, 2021 to $427.5 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase in inventory 
was  due  to  Business  Combination  with  ADVA  and  strategic  inventory  buffer  purchases  given  extended  component  lead  times  and 
availability constraints as well as new product ramp ups to ensure supply continuity. We expect inventory levels to fluctuate as we 
attempt to maintain sufficient inventory in response to supply chain uncertainties. 

Accounts payable increased 131.9% from $102.5 million as of December 31, 2021 to $237.7 million as of December 31, 2022. The 
increase in accounts payable was primarily due to the increase in volume of operating costs associated with the Business Combination 
with  ADVA,  additional  purchases  of  raw  material  inventory  and  extended  payment  terms.  Accounts  payable  will  fluctuate  due  to 
variations in the timing of the receipt of inventory, supplies and services and our subsequent payments for these purchases.  

Investing Activities 

Capital  expenditures  totaled  approximately  $17.1  million  and  $5.7  million  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022  and  2021, 
respectively. These expenditures were primarily used to purchase manufacturing and test equipment, software, computer hardware and 
building improvements. 

Our combined short-term and long-term investments decreased $38.0 million from $71.0 million as of December 31, 2021 to $33.0 
million as of December 31, 2022. This decrease reflects the impact of the sale of portions of our equity and fixed income investments 
and the net unrealized and realized gains and losses on our investments. 

We typically invest all available cash not required for immediate use in operations, primarily in securities that we believe bear minimal 
risk of loss. See Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report for additional information. 

68  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
As of December 31, 2022, our corporate bonds, municipal bonds, asset-backed bonds, mortgage/agency bonds, U.S. government bonds 
and other government bonds were classified as available-for-sale and had a combined duration of 1.74 years with an average Standard 
& Poor’s credit rating of AA-. Because our investment portfolio has a high-quality rating and contractual maturities of short duration, 
we are able to obtain prices for these bonds derived from observable market inputs, or for similar securities traded in an active market, 
on a daily basis. 

Our long-term investments decreased 53.7% from $70.6 million as of December 31, 2021 to $32.7 million as of December 31, 2022. 
Our investments include various marketable equity securities classified as long-term investments with a fair market value of $0.8 million 
and $12.6 million, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Long-term investments as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 also 
included $22.9 million and $26.9 million, respectively, related to our deferred compensation plan.  

Financing Activities 

Dividends 

During 2022 and 2021, we paid shareholder dividends totaling $22.9 million and $17.5 million, respectively. The continued payment of 
dividends is at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors and is subject to general business conditions and ongoing financial 
results of the Company. The following table shows dividends per common share paid to our shareholders in each quarter of 2022 and 
2021: 

First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter 
Fourth Quarter 

Dividends per Common Share 

2022 

2021 

0.09   $
0.09   $
0.09   $
0.09   $

0.09 
0.09 
0.09 
0.09 

 $
 $
 $
 $

On February 20, 2023, the Company announced that its Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.09 per common 
share to be paid to the Company’s stockholders of record at the close of business on March 7, 2023. The dividends will be paid on March 
21, 2023 in the aggregate amount of approximately $7.0 million. 

Stock Repurchase Program 

There  were  no  stock  repurchases  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  and  there  currently  is  no  authorized  stock 
repurchase plan. 

Stock Option Exercises 

To accommodate employee stock option exercises, the Company issued 0.5 million and 0.4 million shares of common stock and treasury 
stock which resulted in proceeds of $6.9 million and $6.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 
Additionally, to accommodate ADVA Optical Networking SE stock option exercises, ADVA Optical Networking SE issued 0.1 million 
of  ADVA  Optical  Networking  SE  common  stock  which  resulted  in  proceeds  of  $0.8  million,  during  the  period  July  15,  2022  to 
December  31,  2022.  ADVA  Optical  Networking  SE  stock  options  outstanding  as  of  December  31,  2022  totaled  81  thousand 
(representing less than 0.2% of ADVA's outstanding shares), of which 27 thousand were exercisable. 

Employee Pension Plan 

We maintain a defined benefit pension plan covering employees in certain foreign countries. Pension benefit plan obligations are based 
on various assumptions used by our actuaries in calculating these amounts. These assumptions include discount rates, compensation rate 
increases, expected return on plan assets, retirement rates and mortality rates. Actual results that differ from the assumptions and changes 
in assumptions could affect future expenses and obligations. 

In connection with the Business Combination, we acquired $29.6 million of additional obligations and $22.3 million of assets related to 
postemployment benefit plans for certain groups of employees at our new operations outside of the U.S. Plans vary depending on the 
legal,  economic,  and  tax  environments  of  the  respective  country.  For  defined  benefit  plans,  accruals  for  pensions  and  similar 
commitments have been included in the results for this year. The new defined benefit plans are for employees in Switzerland, Italy, 
Israel and India: 

 

 

 

In Switzerland, there are two defined benefit pension plans. Both plans provide benefits in the event of retirement, death or 
disability. The plan's benefits are based on age, years of service, salary and on a participants old age account. The plans are 
financed by contributions paid by the participants and by the Company. 

In  Italy,  the  post-employment  benefit  plan  is  required  due  to  statutory  provisions.  The  plan  is  financed  directly  by  the 
Company  on  a  pay-as-you-go  basis.  Employees  receive  their  pension  payments  as  a  function  of  salary,  inflation  and  a 
notional account. 

In Israel, there is a defined benefit plan that provides benefits in the event of a participant being dismissed involuntarily, 
retirement or death. The plan's benefits are based on the higher of the severance benefit required by law or the cash surrender 
Financial Information  69 

 
  
  
 
 
 
   
 
value of the severance benefit component of any qualifying insurance policy or long-term employee benefit fund that is 
registered in the participants name. The plan is financed by contributions paid by the Company. 

 

In  India,  the  post-employment  benefit  plan  is  required  due  to  statutory  provisions.  The  plan  is  financed  directly  by  the 
Company on a pay-as-you-go basis.  

Our defined benefit plan assets consist of a balanced portfolio of equity funds, bond funds, emerging market funds, real estate funds and 
balanced funds. Our investment policy includes various guidelines and procedures designed to ensure assets are invested in a manner 
necessary to meet expected future benefits earned by participants and consider a broad range of economic conditions. The objectives of 
our investment policy are to maintain investment portfolios that diversify risk through prudent asset allocation parameters, achieve asset 
returns  that  meet  or  exceed  the  plans’  actuarial  assumptions  and  achieve  asset  returns  that  are  competitive  with  like  institutions 
employing similar investment strategies. The investment policy is periodically reviewed by us and a designated third-party fiduciary for 
investment matters. At December 31, 2022, the estimated fair market value of our defined benefit pension plans' assets increased to 
$48.7 million from $32.7 million at December 31, 2021.  

The defined benefit pension plan is accounted for on an actuarial basis, which requires the use of various assumptions, including an 
expected rate of return on plan assets and a discount rate. The expected return on our German plan assets that is utilized in determining 
the benefit obligation and net periodic benefit cost is derived from periodic studies, which include a review of asset allocation strategies, 
anticipated future long-term performance of individual asset classes, risks using standard deviations and correlations of returns among 
the asset classes that comprise the plans' asset mix. While the studies give appropriate consideration to recent plan performance and 
historical returns, the assumptions are primarily long-term, prospective rates of return. The discount rate has been derived from the 
returns of high-quality, corporate bonds denominated in Euro currency with durations close to the duration of our pension obligations. 
The projected benefit obligation for our defined benefit pension plans was $59.3 million and $44.2 million as of December 31, 2022 
and 2021, respectively.  

The components of net periodic pension cost, other than the service cost component, are included in other income (expense), net in the 
Consolidated  Statements  of  (Loss)  Income.  The  components  of  net  periodic  pension  cost  and  amounts  recognized  in  other 
comprehensive (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were ($5.8) million and ($5.0) million, respectively. 

Actuarial gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. To the extent unamortized gains and losses 
exceed 10% of the higher of the market-related value of assets or the projected benefit obligation, the excess is amortized as a component 
of net periodic pension cost over the remaining service period of active participants. We estimate that less than $0.1 million will be 
amortized from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income into net periodic pension cost in 2023 for the net actuarial loss. The net 
actuarial loss recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $1.1 million and $7.7 million, 
respectively.  See  Note  15  of  Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  included  in  Part  II,  Item  8  of  this  report  for  additional 
information. 

70  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements 

We do not have off-balance sheet financing arrangements and have not engaged in any related party transactions or arrangements with 
unconsolidated entities or other persons that are reasonably likely to materially affect liquidity or the availability of or requirements for 
capital resources. 

Cash Requirements 

The following table summarizes the Company’s material short- and long-term cash requirements from known obligations pursuant to 
certain contracts and commitments as of December 31, 2022, as well as an estimate of the timing in which such obligations and payments 
are expected to be satisfied (but excluding payments that may be made pursuant to the DPLTA and currency hedging arrangements, 
which are discussed below). 

Total 
 $  60,000 
16,091 

2023 

2024 

2025 

2026 

2027 

 $  60,000  $ 
16,091 

—  $ 
— 

—  $ 
— 

—  $ 
— 

    After 2027 
— 
— 

—  $ 
— 

10,727 
9,118 

10,727 
9,118 

— 
— 

24,598 
   552,440 
34,976 
 $  707,950 

24,598 
   527,562 
8,992 
 $  657,088 

 $ 

— 
24,141 
8,076 
32,217 

 $ 

— 
— 

— 
309 
6,740 
7,049 

 $ 

— 
— 

— 
167 
3,825 
3,992 

— 
— 

— 
261 
2,865 
3,126  $ 

 $ 

— 
— 

— 
— 
4,478 
4,478 

(In thousands) 
Wells Fargo credit agreement(1) 
Nord/LB revolving line of credit(2) 
Syndicated credit agreement 
working capital line of credit(3) 
DZ Bank revolving line of credit (4) 
Syndicated credit agreement note 
payable(5) 
Purchase obligations(6) 
Operating lease obligations(7) 
Totals 

(1) See description below. 

(2) See description below. 

(3) See description below. 

(4) See description below. 

(5) See description below. 

(6) We have purchase obligations related to open purchase orders to our contract manufacturers, ODMs, component suppliers, service partners and other vendors. The settlement of our purchase obligations 

will occur at various dates beginning in 2023 and going through 2027. See Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this report for more information. 

(7) We have operating leases for office space, automobiles and various other equipment in the U.S. and in certain international locations. Our operating leases had remaining lease terms ranging from one month 

to 119 months as of December 31, 2022. 

New Wells Fargo Credit Agreement 

On July 18, 2022, ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. and ADTRAN, Inc., as the borrower, entered into a credit agreement with a syndicate of 
banks,  including  Wells  Fargo  Bank,  National  Association,  as  administrative  agent  (“Administrative  Agent”),  and  the  other  lenders 
named therein (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement allows for borrowings of up to $100 million in aggregate principal 
amount, subject to being increased to up to $400 million in aggregate principal amount upon the Company or Borrower’s execution of 
a DPLTA with ADVA or a parent of ADVA, among other conditions (the “Senior Credit Facilities Increase”). The DPLTA as executed 
on December 1, 2022, became effective on January 16, 2023, as a result of its registration with the commercial register (Handelsregister) 
of the local court (Amtsgericht) at the registered seat of ADVA (Jena). See Note 24 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
for further information. 

Financial Information  71 

 
  
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2022, ADTRAN, Inc.’s borrowings under the revolving line of credit were $60.0 million in tranches that mature 
during the first quarter of 2023 and can either be repaid or borrowed again for a one month, three month or six month period. In addition, 
we may issue up to $25 million in letters of credit against the first $100 million in our total facility. As of December 31, 2022, we had 
a total of $21.3 million in letters of credit with ADTRAN, Inc. outstanding against our eligible borrowings, leaving a net amount of 
$18.7 million available for future borrowings. Upon the DPLTA becoming effective on January 16, 2023, the available total borrowings 
under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement increased from $100 million to $400 million. On January 31, 2023, the Company increased its 
borrowings  under  the  Credit  Agreement  from  $60.0  million  to  $187.5  million.  In  February  2023,  the  borrowings  under  the  Credit 
Agreement  were  paid  down  by  $7.5  million,  leaving  $180.0  million  of  borrowings  as  of  February  28,  2023.  After  considering  our 
outstanding letters of credit, this leaves the Company approximately $198.7 million available for future borrowings as of February 28, 
2023. The Company used approximately $51.4 million of the proceeds from the borrowings under the Credit Agreement to retire the 
outstanding borrowings under ADVA's syndicated credit agreement note payable, syndicated credit agreement working capital line of 
credit and the Nord/LB revolving line of credit. ADVA's $9.1 million of borrowings under its revolving line of credit with DZ Bank 
remain  outstanding.  Any  future  credit  extensions  under  the  Credit  Agreement  are  subject  to  customary  conditions  precedent.  The 
proceeds of any loans are expected to be used for general corporate purposes and to pay a portion of the Exchange Offer consideration. 

All  U.S. borrowings under  the  Credit  Agreement (other than swingline  loans, which will  bear  interest  at  the  Base  Rate  (as defined 
below)) will bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a rate per annum equal to (A)(i) the highest of (a) the federal funds rate (i.e., for 
any day, the rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight federal funds transactions with members of the 
Federal Reserve System, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on the business day next succeeding such day) plus ½ 
of 1%, (b) the prime commercial lending rate of the Administrative Agent, as established from time to time at its principal U.S. office 
(which such rate is an index or base rate and will not necessarily be its lowest or best rate charged to its customers or other banks), and 
(c) the daily Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for a one-month tenor plus 1%, plus (ii) the applicable rate, 
ranging from 0.5% to 1.25% (the “Base Rate”), or (B) the sum of the Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 
the applicable rate, ranging from 1.4% to 2.15%, provided that such sum is subject to a 0.0% floor (such loans utilizing this interest rate, 
“SOFR Loans”). All EU borrowings under the Credit Agreement (other than swingline loans) will bear interest at a rate per annum equal 
to the sum of the Euro Interbank Offered Rate as administered by the European Money Markets Institute (or a comparable or successor 
administrator approved by the Administrative Agent) plus the applicable rate, ranging from 1.5% to 2.25%, provided that such sum is 
subject to a 0.0% floor (such loans utilizing this interest rate, “EURIBOR Loans”). The applicable rate is based on the consolidated net 
leverage ratio of the Company and its subsidiaries as determined pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement. Default interest is 2.00% 
per annum in excess of the rate otherwise applicable in the case of any overdue principal or any other overdue amount. 

In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the Credit Agreement, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee 
to the lenders under the Credit Agreement in respect of unutilized revolving loan commitments and an additional commitment ticking 
fee at a rate of 0.25% on the commitment amounts of each lender until the earliest of (i) the date of the Senior Credit Facilities Increase, 
(ii) the Company’s voluntary termination of the credit facility commitment, and (iii) December 31, 2023. The Company is also required 
to pay a participation fee to the Administrative Agent for the account of each lender with respect to the Company’s participations in 
letters of credit at the then applicable rate for SOFR Loans. 

The Credit Agreement permits the Company to prepay any or all of the outstanding loans or to reduce the commitments under the Credit 
Agreement without incurring premiums or penalties (except breakage costs with respect to SOFR Loans and EURIBOR Loans). The 
Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including incurrence covenants and certain other limitations 
on the ability of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries to incur additional debt, guarantee other obligations, grant liens on assets, 
make investments, dispose of assets, pay dividends or other payments on capital stock, make restricted payments, engage in mergers or 
consolidations, engage in transactions with affiliates, modify its organizational documents, and enter into certain restrictive agreements. 
It also contains customary events of default (subject to customary cure periods and materiality thresholds). Furthermore, the Credit 
Agreement  requires  that  the  Consolidated  Total  Net  Leverage  Ratio  (as  defined  in  the  Credit  Agreement)  of  the  Company  and  its 
subsidiaries  tested on  the  last  day  of  each fiscal  quarter not  exceed 3.25  to 1.0  through  September  30, 2024  and 2.75  to 1.00 from 
December 31, 2024 and  thereafter,  subject  to certain  exceptions.  The  Credit Agreement  also  requires  that  the  Consolidated  Interest 
Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of the Company and its subsidiaries tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter 
not fall below 3.00 to 1.00. The Credit Agreement matures in July 2027 but provides the Company with an option to request extensions 
subject to customary conditions.  

Finally, pursuant to a Collateral Agreement, dated as of July 18, 2022, among the Company, ADTRAN, Inc. and the Administrative 
Agent, ADTRAN, Inc.’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the assets of ADTRAN, Inc. and the 
Company. In addition, the Company has guaranteed ADTRAN, Inc.’s obligations under the Credit Agreement pursuant to a Guaranty 
Agreement, dated as of July 18, 2022, by ADTRAN, Inc. and the Company in favor of the Administrative Agent. 

72  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
Nord/LB Revolving Line of Credit 

On August 8, 2022, ADVA entered into a $16.1 million revolving line of credit with Norddeutsche Landesbark - Girozentrale (Nord/LB) 
that  bears  interest  of  Euro  Short  Term  Rate  plus  1.4%  and  which  matures  in  August  2023.  During  the  term  of  the  loan,  ADVA  is 
obligated to maintain an adjusted net debt to cover ratio that is equal to or less than 2.75. As of December 31, 2022, ADVA’s borrowings 
under the revolving line of credit were $16.1 million. On January 31, 2023, the Company increased its borrowings under the Wells 
Fargo  Credit  Agreement.  A  portion  of  the  proceeds  from  the  borrowings  were  used  to  retire  the  outstanding  borrowings  under  the 
Nord/LB revolving line of credit. 

Syndicated Credit Agreement Working Capital Line of Credit 

In September 2018, ADVA entered into a syndicated credit agreement with Bayerische Landesbank and Deutsche Bank AG Branch 
German Business to borrow up to $10.7 million as part of a working capital line of credit. The interest rate for the working capital line 
of credit is adjusted periodically based on a defined leverage ratio and is currently EURIBOR plus 1.35% as of December 31, 2022. The 
working capital line of credit matures in September 2023. As of December 31, 2022, borrowings under the working capital line of credit 
totaled $10.7 million. On January 31, 2023, the Company increased its borrowings under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement. A portion 
of the proceeds from the borrowings were used to retire the outstanding borrowings under the syndicated credit agreement working 
capital line of credit. 

DZ Bank Money Market Facility 

As of December 31, 2022, ADVA’s borrowings under its revolving line of credit with DZ Bank totaled $9.1 million, with no amounts 
available for future borrowings. The interest rate is currently a fixed rate of 2.85%, which resets monthly based on renewal of the loan.  

Financial Information  73 

 
  
Syndicated Credit Agreement Note Payable 

In September 2018, ADVA entered into a syndicated credit agreement with Bayerische Landesbank and Deutsche Bank AG Branch 
German Business to borrow $63.7 million. As of December 31, 2022, the amount outstanding under the note payable is $24.6 million. 
The interest rate for the note payable is adjusted periodically based on a defined leverage ratio and is currently EURIBOR plus 1.35% 
as of December 31, 2022. The note payable matures in September 2023. On January 31, 2023, the Company increased its borrowings 
under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement. A portion of the proceeds from the borrowings were used to retire the outstanding borrowings 
under the syndicated credit agreement note payable. 

Currency Hedging Arrangements  

On November 3, 2022, the Company entered into a Euro/U.S. dollar cross-currency swap arrangement (the “Swap”) with Wells Fargo 
Bank, N.A. (the “Hedge Counterparty”). The Swap, which is governed by the provisions of an ISDA Master Agreement (including 
schedules thereto and transaction confirmations that supplement such agreement) entered into between the Company and the Hedge 
Counterparty, enable the Company to convert a portion of its Euro denominated payment obligations under the DPLTA into U.S. Dollars. 
Under the Swap, the Company will exchange an aggregate notional amount of $160.0 million U.S. dollars for Euros at a daily fixed 
forward rate ranging from $0.98286 to $1.03290. The aggregate amount of $160.0 million will be divided into eight quarterly tranches 
of $20.0 million. The Company, at its sole discretion, may exchange all or part of each tranche on any given day within the applicable 
quarter; provided, however, that it must exchange the full tranche by the end of such quarter. The Swap may be accelerated or terminated 
early for a number of reasons, including but not limited to (i) non-payment by the Company or the Hedge Counterparty, (ii) breach of 
representation or warranty or covenant by either party or (iii) insolvency or bankruptcy of either party. 

ADVA Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement 

On December 1, 2022, we, as the controlling company, entered into the DPLTA with ADVA, as the controlled company (the “DPLTA”). 
The DPLTA, which was executed on December 1, 2022, became effective on January 16, 2023, as a result of its registration with the 
commercial register (Handelsregister) of the local court (Amtsgericht) at the registered seat of ADVA (Jena). 

Under  the  DPLTA,  subject  to  certain  limitations  pursuant  to  applicable  law,  (i)  we  are  entitled  to  issue  binding  instructions  to  the 
management board of ADVA, (ii) ADVA will transfer all of its annual profits to us, subject to, among other things, the creation or 
dissolution of certain reserves, and (iii) we will generally absorb all annual losses incurred by ADVA. The obligation of ADVA to 
transfer its annual profit to us, as well as our obligation to absorb ADVA’s annual net loss, applies for the first time to the profits or 
losses generated in the ADVA fiscal year 2023.  

Additionally, and subject to certain limitations pursuant to applicable law and the specific terms of the DPLTA, the DPLTA provides 
that ADVA shareholders (other than us) be offered, at their election, (i) to put their ADVA shares to the Company in exchange for a 
compensation in cash of EUR 17.21 per share (the “Exit Compensation”), or (ii) to remain ADVA shareholders and receive a recurring 
compensation in cash of EUR 0.59 (EUR 0.52 net under the current tax regime) per share for each full fiscal year of ADVA (the “Annual 
Recurring  Compensation”).  The  Annual  Recurring  Compensation  is  due  on  the  third  banking  day  following  the  ordinary  general 
shareholders’ meeting of ADVA for the respective preceding fiscal year (but in any event within eight months following expiration of 
the fiscal year) and is first granted for the 2023 fiscal year, payable for the first time after the ordinary general shareholders’ meeting of 
ADVA in 2024. The adequacy of both forms of compensation have been challenged by minority shareholders of ADVA via court-led 
appraisal proceedings under German law, and it is possible that the courts in such appraisal proceedings may adjudicate a higher Exit 
Compensation  or  Annual  Recurring  Compensation  (in  each  case,  including  interest  thereon)  than  agreed  upon  in  the  DPLTA.  Our 
aggregate potential payment obligations under the DPLTA are discussed above under "Liquidity". 

The opportunity for outside ADVA shareholders to tender ADVA shares in exchange for Exit Compensation had been scheduled to 
expire on March 16, 2023. However, due to the appraisal proceedings that have been initiated in accordance with applicable German 
law, this time period for tendering shares has been extended pursuant to the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz) and will end 
two  months  after  the  date  on  which  a  final  decision  in  such  appraisal  proceedings  has  been  published  in  the  Federal  Gazette 
(Bundesanzeiger). 

We currently hold 33,961,170 no-par value bearer shares of ADVA, representing 65.30% of ADVA’s outstanding shares as of February 
14, 2023. 

The foregoing description of the DPLTA does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the DPLTA, a 
non-binding English translation of which incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized $14.2 million of transaction costs relating to the Business Combination. We 
expect to incur integration costs and costs associated with the implementation of the DPLTA during 2023 and such costs are expected 
to be material. 

74  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
Performance Bonds 

Certain contracts, customers and jurisdictions in which we do business require us to provide various guarantees of performance such as 
bid bonds, performance bonds and customs bonds. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had commitments related to these bonds 
totaling $21.1 million and $22.9 million, respectively, which expire at various dates through April 2031. In general, we would only be 
liable for the amount of these guarantees in the event of default under each contract; the probability of which we believe is remote. 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates 

An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that 
are  highly  uncertain  at  the  time  the  estimate  is  made,  if  different  estimates  reasonably  could  have  been  used  or  if  changes  in  the 
accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur could materially impact the results of financial operations. Several accounting 
policies, as described in Note 1 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report, require 
material subjective or complex judgment and have a significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations, as applicable. 
We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our 
Consolidated Financial Statements: 

Revenue 

Revenue is measured based on the consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services to a 
customer and as performance obligations under the terms of the contract are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control 
of a product to the customer. Review of contracts with customers, for both direct customers and distributors, are performed and assessed 
for principal versus agent considerations to determine primary responsibility for delivery of performance obligation, presumed inventory 
risk,  and  discretion  in  establishing  pricing,  when  applicable.  For  transactions  where  there  are  multiple  performance  obligations, 
individual products and services are accounted for separately if they are distinct (if a product or service is separately identifiable from 
other items and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer). The 
consideration, including any discounts, is allocated between separate products and services based on their stand-alone selling prices. 
Stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the separate products and services are sold and are allocated 
based  on  each  item’s  relative  value  to  the  total  value  of  the  products  and  services  in  the  arrangement.  For  items  that  are  not  sold 
separately,  we  estimate  stand-alone  selling  prices  primarily  using  the  “expected  cost  plus  a  margin”  approach.  Payment  terms  are 
generally 30 days in the U.S. and typically longer in many geographic markets outside the U.S. Shipping fees are recorded as revenue 
and  the  related  cost which we  have  elected  to  account for  as  a  cost of  fulfilling  the related  contract is  included  in cost of  revenue. 
Revenue, value-added and other taxes collected concurrently with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Costs of 
obtaining a contract, if material, are capitalized and amortized over the period that the related revenue is recognized if greater than one 
year. We have also elected to apply the practical expedient related to the incremental costs of obtaining contracts and recognize those 
costs as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets is one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general 
and administrative expenses. Capitalized costs with an amortization period greater than one year were immaterial. 

Revenue is generated by two reportable segments: Network Solutions and Services & Support. 

Network Solutions Segment - Includes hardware products and software defined next-generation virtualized solutions used in service 
provider or business networks, as well as prior generation products. The majority of the revenue from this segment is from hardware 
revenue. 

Financial Information  75 

 
  
Hardware and Software Revenue 

Revenue  from  hardware  sales  is  recognized  when  control  is  transferred  to  the  customer,  which  is  generally  when  the  products  are 
shipped. Shipping terms are generally FOB shipping point. Revenue from software license sales is recognized at delivery and transfer 
of control to the customer. Revenue is recorded net of estimated discounts and rebates using historical trends. Customers are typically 
invoiced when control is transferred and revenue is recognized. Our products generally include assurance-based warranties of 90 days 
to five years for product defects, which are accrued at the time products are delivered.        

Services & Support Segment - Includes a complete portfolio of maintenance, network implementation and solutions integration and 
managed services, which include hosted cloud services and subscription services to complement our Network Solutions segment.  

Maintenance Revenue 

Our maintenance service periods range from one month to five years. Customers are typically invoiced and pay for maintenance services 
at the beginning of the maintenance period. We recognize revenue for maintenance services on a straight-line basis over the maintenance 
period as our customers benefit evenly throughout the contract term and deferred revenue, when applicable, is recorded in unearned 
revenue  and  non-current  unearned  revenue.  The  total  balance  of  our  unearned  revenue  was  $60.4  million  and  $27.0  million  as  of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

Network Implementation Revenue 

We recognize revenue for network implementation, which primarily consists of engineering, execution and enablement services at a 
point in time when each performance obligation is complete. If we have recognized revenue but have not billed the customer, the right 
to consideration is recognized as a contract asset that is included in other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The contract 
asset is transferred to accounts receivable when the completed performance obligation is invoiced to the customer. 

Accounts Receivable Factoring 

The Company has entered into a factoring agreement to sell certain receivables to an unrelated third-party financial institution on a non-
recourse  basis.  These  transactions  are  accounted  for  in  accordance  with  Accounting  Standards  Codification  ("ASC")  Topic  860, 
Transfers and Servicing, and result in a reduction in accounts receivable because the agreements transfer effective control over and risk 
related to the receivables to the buyers. Trade accounts receivables balances sold are removed from the Consolidated Balance Sheets 
and cash received is reflected as cash provided by (used in) operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow. Factoring 
related interest expense is recorded to interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. On each sale date, the financial 
institution retains from the sale price a default reserve, up to a required balance, which is held by the financial institution in a reserve 
account  and  pledged  to  the  Company.  The  financial  institution  is  entitled  to  withdraw  from  the  reserve  account  the  sale  price  of  a 
defaulted receivable. The balance in the reserve account is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

Inventory 

We carry our inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost being determined using the first-in, first-out method. 
Standard costs for material, labor, and manufacturing overhead are used to value inventory and are updated at least quarterly. Most 
variances are expensed in the current period; therefore, our inventory costs approximate actual costs at the end of each reporting period. 
We establish reserves for estimated excess and obsolete inventory equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the 
estimated net realizable value of the inventory based on estimated reserve percentages, which consider historical usage, known trends, 
inventory age and market conditions. If actual trends and market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, we 
may be required to make additional inventory write-downs. Our reserve for excess and obsolete inventory was $51.8 million and $44.6 
million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Inventory disposals charged against the reserve were $2.9 million and $1.0 million 
for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. 

76  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
Stock-Based Compensation 

For purposes of determining the estimated fair value of market-based PSU awards on the date of grant, the Monte Carlo Simulation 
valuation method is used. These PSUs are subject to a market condition based on the relative total shareholder return of ADTRAN 
against all of the companies in the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index and vest at the end of a three-year performance period. The 
fair  value  of  performance-based  PSUs,  RSUs  and  restricted  stock  is  equal  to  the  closing  price  of  our  stock  on  the  business  day 
immediately  preceding  the  grant  date.  Compensation  expense  related  to  unvested  performance-based  PSUs  is  recognized  over  the 
requisite  service  period  of  two  to  three years  as  the  achievement of  the  performance  obligation becomes probable.  For purposes of 
determining the estimated fair value of our stock option awards on the date of grant, we use the Black-Scholes Model. This model 
requires the input of certain assumptions that require subjective judgment. These assumptions include, but are not limited to, expected 
stock price volatility over the term of the awards and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Because our stock 
option awards have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the input assumptions 
can materially affect the fair value estimate, the existing model may not provide a reliable, single measure of the fair value of our stock 
option awards. Management will continue to assess the assumptions and methodologies used to calculate the estimated fair value of 
stock-based  compensation.  Circumstances  may  change  and  additional  data  may  become  available  over  time,  which  could  result  in 
changes to these assumptions and methodologies and thereby materially impact our fair value determination. If factors change in future 
periods, the compensation expense that we record may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the current period. As of 
December  31,  2022,  total  unrecognized  compensation  expense  related  to  the  non-vested  portion  of  market-based  PSUs,  RSUs  and 
restricted stock was approximately $15.8 million.  

Pursuant to the Business Combination, which closed on July 15, 2022, ADVA stock option holders were entitled to have their ADVA 
stock  options  assumed  by  ADTRAN  Holdings  (applying  the  exchange  ratio  in  the  Business  Combination  Agreement),  thereafter 
representing options to acquire stock of ADTRAN Holdings. The maximum number of shares of ADTRAN Holdings stock potentially 
issuable upon such assumption was 2.3 million shares. The period in which such options could be assumed ended July 22, 2022. A total 
of 2.1 million shares of ADTRAN Holdings stock are subject to assumed ADVA options. The determination of the fair value of stock 
options assumed by ADTRAN Holdings was estimated using the Monte Carlo method and is affected by its stock price, as well as 
assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables that may have a significant impact on the fair value estimate. The 
stock option pricing model requires the use of several assumptions that impact the fair value estimate. These variables include, but are 
not limited to, the volatility of the Company's stock price and employee exercise behaviors. As of December 31, 2022, total unrecognized 
compensation expense related to the non-vested portion of stock options was approximately $8.3 million. 

Goodwill 

Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired. The carrying value of goodwill is tested for 
impairment in the fourth quarter of each year or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate it may be impaired. The quantitative 
goodwill impairment test is performed at the level of the reporting unit. The identification of our reporting units begins at the operating 
segment level and considers whether components one level below the operating segment levels should be identified as reporting units 
for the purpose of testing goodwill for impairment. For goodwill impairment testing purposes, we determined the Company's reporting 
units are generally the same as its operating segments, which are identified in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Our general policy is to qualitatively assess the carrying value of goodwill each reporting period for events or changes in circumstances 
that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. In connection with the Business 
Combination with ADVA the Company recognized $350.5 million of goodwill upon the closing of the exchange offer on July 15, 2022. 
Therefore, we decided to proceed directly to the quantitative test of goodwill and forego the qualitative assessment. We estimate the fair 
value of our reporting units based on an income approach, whereby we calculate the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present 
value of estimated future cash flows. A discounted cash flow analysis requires us to make various judgmental assumptions about future 
sales,  operating  margins,  growth  rates  and  discount  rates,  which  are  based  on  our  budgets,  business  plans,  economic  projections, 
anticipated  future  cash flows  and market  participants. We  also  estimate  the  fair value  of our  reporting units  based  on  a peer  group 
analysis, whereby companies in the telecommunications industry or with a comparable product and market structure are used to calculate 
a fair enterprise value using revenue, EBITDA and debt multiples of trading value. Based on our analysis, management concluded that 
there was no impairment of goodwill as of December 31, 2022. No goodwill impairment charges were recognized during the years 
ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. The balance of our goodwill was $381.7 million and $7.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 
2021, respectively.  

Intangible Assets 

Purchased  intangible  assets  with  finite  lives  are  carried  at  cost  less  accumulated  amortization.  Amortization  is  recorded  over  the 
estimated useful lives of the respective assets.  

Financial Information  77 

 
  
As part of the purchase price allocation related to the Business Combination with ADVA, the Company recognized $403.8 million of 
intangible  assets  on  July  15,  2022.  Intangible  assets  are  reviewed  for  impairment  whenever  events  and  circumstances  indicate 
impairment may have occurred. The Company assessed impairment triggers related to intangible assets during the fourth quarter of 
2022, 2021 and 2020. As a result, no quantitative impairment test of long-lived assets was performed as of December 31, 2022, 2021 
and 2020, and no impairment losses of intangible assets were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. The 
balance of our intangible assets was $401.2 million and $19.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

Income Taxes 

We estimate our income tax provision or benefit in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate, including estimating exposures related 
to examinations by taxing authorities. We also make judgments regarding the realization of deferred tax assets and establish valuation 
allowances where we believe it is more likely than not that future taxable income in certain jurisdictions will be insufficient to realize 
these deferred tax assets. Our estimates regarding future taxable income and income tax provision or benefit may vary due to changes 
in market conditions, changes in tax laws, or other factors. If our assumptions, and consequently our estimates, change in the future, the 
valuation allowances we have established may be increased or decreased, impacting future income tax expense. We continually review 
the adequacy of our valuation allowance and recognize the benefits of deferred tax assets only as the reassessment indicates that it is 
more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. During the fourth quarter 
of  2022,  after  considering  all  quantitative  and  qualitative  evidence,  including  our  cumulative  income  position,  historical  operating 
performance and future income projections, we have determined that the positive evidence overcame the negative evidence and have 
concluded that it is more likely than not that a substantial portion of our U.S. federal and certain other state deferred tax assets were 
realizable. As a result we have released the majority of our valuation allowance against those assets. However, the amount of deferred 
tax assets considered realizable could be adjusted in future periods in the event that sufficient evidence is no longer present to support a 
conclusion that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of our domestic deferred tax assets will be realized. 

We establish reserves to remove some or all of the tax benefit of any of our tax positions at the time we determine that the positions 
become  uncertain.  We  adjust  these  reserves,  including  any  impact  on  the  related  interest  and  penalties,  as  facts  and  circumstances 
change. 

Liability for Warranty 

Our products generally include warranties of 90 days to five years for product defects. We accrue for warranty returns at the time of 
product shipment based on our historical return rate and an estimate of the cost to repair or replace the defective products. We engage 
in  extensive  product  quality  programs  and  processes,  including  actively  monitoring  and  evaluating  the  quality  of  our  component 
suppliers. Our products continue to become more complex in both size and functionality as many of our product offerings migrate from 
line card applications to total systems. The increasing complexity of our products will cause warranty incidences, when they arise, to be 
more costly. Our estimates regarding future warranty obligations may change due to product failure rates, material usage, and other 
rework  costs  incurred  in  correcting  a product  failure. In addition, from  time  to  time, specific warranty  accruals  may be  recorded  if 
unforeseen problems arise. Should our actual experience relative to these factors be worse than our estimates, we will be required to 
record additional warranty expense. The liability for warranty obligations totaled $7.2 million and $5.4 million at December 31, 2022 
and 2021, respectively. These liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance 
Sheets. 

Pension Benefit Plan Obligations 

Pension benefit plan obligations are based on various assumptions used by our actuaries in calculating these amounts. These assumptions 
include discount rates, compensation rate increases, expected return on plan assets, retirement rates and mortality rates. Actual results 
that differ from the assumptions and changes in assumptions could affect future expenses and obligations. Our net pension liability 
totaled $10.6 million and $11.4 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. This liability is included in pension 
liability in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

78  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
Lease Obligations 

We have operating leases for office space, automobiles and various other equipment in the U.S. and in certain international locations. 
Other contracts, such as manufacturing agreements and service agreements, are reviewed to determine if they contain potential embedded 
leases. These other contracts are specifically reviewed to determine whether we have the right to substantially all of the economic benefit 
from the use of any specified assets or the right to direct the use of any specified assets, either of which would indicate the existence of 
a lease. Some of our leases include options to renew. For those leases that are reasonably assured to be renewed, we have included the 
option to extend as part of our right of use asset and lease liability. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The 
depreciable life of leased assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 
months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the 
lease term. For lease agreements entered into or reassessed after the adoption of Topic 842, we elected to not separate lease and non-
lease components. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. 

Business Combinations 

The Company records assets acquired, liabilities assumed, contractual contingencies, when applicable, and intangible assets recognized 
as part of business combinations based on their fair values on the date of acquisition subject to purchase accounting adjustments. The 
excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net tangible and intangible assets and liabilities assumed or acquired is 
recorded  as  goodwill.  If  the  estimated  fair  values  of  net  tangible  and  intangible  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  exceed  the 
purchase price, a bargain purchase gain is recorded. The Company’s estimates of fair value are based on historical experience, industry 
knowledge, certain information obtained from the management of the acquired company and, in some cases, valuations performed by 
independent  third-party  firms.  The  results  of  operations  of  acquired  companies  are  included  in  the  accompanying  Consolidated 
Statements  of  (Loss)  Income  since  their  dates  of  acquisition.  Costs  incurred  to  complete  the  Business  Combination,  such  as  legal, 
accounting or other professional fees, are charged to selling, general and administrative expenses as incurred. 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements 

For a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in 
Part II, Item 8 of this report for additional information.  

Financial Information  79 

 
  
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 

We are exposed to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The primary objective 
of the large majority of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time achieve appropriate yields without 
significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, a majority of our marketable securities are investment grade, fixed-rate bonds 
and  municipal  money  market  instruments  denominated  in  U.S.  dollars.  Our  investment  policy  provides  limitations  for  issuer 
concentration, which limits, at the time of purchase, the concentration in any one issuer to 5% of the market value of our total investment 
portfolio. 

We maintain depository investments with certain financial institutions. As of December 31, 2022, $100.1 million of our cash and cash 
equivalents, primarily certain domestic money market funds and foreign depository accounts, were in excess of government provided 
insured depository limits. Although these depository investments exceed government insured depository limits, we have evaluated the 
credit-worthiness of these financial institutions and determined the risk of material financial loss due to exposure of such credit risk to 
be minimal.  

Interest Rate Risk 

As of December 31, 2022, approximately $10.6 million of our cash and investments may be directly affected by changes in interest 
rates. As of December 31, 2022, we held $1.5 million of cash and variable-rate investments where a change in interest rates would 
impact our interest income. A hypothetical 50 basis point decline in interest rates as of December 31, 2022, assuming all other variables 
remain constant, would reduce annualized interest income on our cash and investments by less than $0.1 million. In addition, we held 
$9.1 million of fixed-rate bonds whose fair values may be directly affected by a change in interest rates. A hypothetical 50 basis point 
increase in interest rates as of December 31, 2022, assuming all other variables remain constant, would reduce the fair value of our 
fixed-rate bonds by approximately $0.1 million. As of December 31, 2022, the carrying amounts of our revolving credit agreements and 
notes payable totaled $95.9 million and $24.6 million, respectively, where a change in interest rates would impact our interest expense. 
A hypothetical 50 basis point increase in interest rates as of December 31, 2022, assuming all other variables remain constant, would 
increase our interest expense by $0.6 million. The analyses cover our debt and investments. The analyses use actual or approximate 
maturities for the debt and investments. The discount rates used were based on the market interest rates in effect at December 31, 2022. 

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk 

We are exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates to the extent that such changes affect our revenue and gross margin on 
revenue derived from some international customers, expenses, and assets and liabilities held in non-functional currencies related to our 
foreign  subsidiaries. Our primary  exposures  to foreign  currency  exchange rate  movements  are with  the Euro  and the  British  pound 
sterling.  Our  revenue  is  primarily  denominated  in  the  respective  functional  currency  of  the  subsidiary  and  paid  in  that  subsidiary's 
functional currency or certain other local currency. The majority of our global supply chain predominately makes payments in U.S. 
dollars and some of our operating expenses are paid in certain local currencies (approximately 28.5% of total operating expense for the 
year ended December 31, 2022, respectively). Therefore, our revenue, gross margins, operating expenses and operating income (loss) 
are all subject to foreign currency fluctuations. As a result, changes in currency exchange rates could cause variations in our operating 
income (loss). 

We have certain customers and suppliers who are invoiced or pay in a non-functional currency. Changes in the monetary exchange rates 
used to invoice such customers versus the functional currency of the entity billing such customers may adversely affect our results of 
operations and financial condition. To manage the volatility relating to these typical business exposures, we may enter into various 
derivative transactions, when appropriate. We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. All 
non-functional currencies billed would result in a combined hypothetical gain or loss of $8.0 million if the U.S. dollar weakened or 
strengthened  10%  against  the  billing  currencies.  All  non-functional  currencies  invoiced  by  suppliers  would  result  in  a  combined 
hypothetical gain or loss of $10.4 million if the U.S. dollar weakened or strengthened 10% against the billing currencies. This change 
represents an increase in the amount of hypothetical gain or loss compared to prior periods and is mainly due to an increase in U.S. 
dollar denominated billings in a non-U.S. dollar denominated subsidiary. 

As of December 31, 2022, we had certain material contracts subject to currency revaluation, including accounts receivable, accounts 
payable and lease liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. As of December 31, 2022, we had 47 forward contracts outstanding with 
a fair value of $11.9 million. The objective of these foreign currency forward contracts is to reduce the impact of currency exchange 
rate movements on our operating results by offsetting gains and losses on the forward contracts with increases or decreases in foreign 
currency transactions. We do not use foreign currency contracts for speculative or trading purposes. Hedging of our currency exposures 
may not always be effective to protect us against currency exchange rate fluctuations. See Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report. 

In addition, on November 3, 2022, the Company entered into the Swap with the Hedge Counterparty, which enables the Company to 
convert a portion of its Euro denominated payment obligations under the DPLTA into U.S. Dollars. Under the Swap, the Company will 
exchange an aggregate notional amount of $160.0 million U.S. dollars for Euros at a daily fixed forward rate ranging from $0.98286 to 
$1.03290. The aggregate amount of $160.0 million will be divided into eight quarterly tranches of $20.0 million. The Company, at its 
sole discretion, may exchange all or part of each tranche on any given day within the applicable quarter; provided, however, that it must 
exchange the full tranche by the end of such quarter. The Swap may be accelerated or terminated early for a number of reasons, including 

80  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
but not limited to (i) non-payment by the Company or the Hedge Counterparty, (ii) breach of representation or warranty or covenant by 
either party or (iii) insolvency or bankruptcy of either party. 

For further information about the fair value of our investments as of December 31, 2022, see Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report. 

Financial Information  81 

 
  
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 

The following consolidated financial statements are contained in this report. 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm ...........................................................................................................  

Financial Statements .......................................................................................................................................................................  

  Consolidated Balance Sheets, 

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 .....................................................................................................................................  

  Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income, 

Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 ...............................................................................................................  

  Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income, 

Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 ...............................................................................................................  

  Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, 

Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 ...............................................................................................................  

  Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, 

Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 ...............................................................................................................  

  Page 

83

86

86

87

88

89

90

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts,  
Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 .......................................................................................................................... 

144

82  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of (loss) income, of comprehensive (loss) income, of changes in 
equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, including the related notes and financial 
statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have 
audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control 
- Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of 
the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the 
period ended December 31, 2022 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in 
our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 
2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. 

Basis for Opinions 

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over 
financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s 
Report  on  Internal  Control  over  Financial  Reporting  appearing  under  Item  9A.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  opinions  on  the 
Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We 
are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required 
to  be  independent  with  respect  to  the  Company  in  accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and 
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits 
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to 
error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. 

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the 
consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures 
included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits 
also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall 
presentation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  Our  audit  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  included  obtaining  an 
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating 
the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other 
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. 

As  described  in  Management’s  Report  on  Internal  Control  over  Financial  Reporting,  management  has  excluded  ADVA  Optical 
Networking SE from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, because it was acquired by the 
Company in a purchase business combination during 2022.We have also excluded ADVA Optical Networking SE from our audit of 
internal control over financial reporting. ADVA Optical Networking SE is a subsidiary whose total assets and total revenues excluded 
from management’s assessment and our audit of internal control over financial reporting represent 41.42% and 35.68%, respectively, of 
the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022. 

Financial Information  83 

 
  
 
 
 
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles.  A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  includes  those  policies  and  procedures  that  (i)  pertain  to  the 
maintenance  of  records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and  dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the 
company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in 
accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (iii)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding 
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect 
on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections 
of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

Critical Audit Matters 

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements 
that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are 
material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The 
communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, 
and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the 
accounts or disclosures to which it relates. 

Acquisition of ADVA Optical Networking SE – Valuation of Developed Technology, Customer Relationships, and Backlog Intangible 
Assets  

As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company completed the acquisition of ADVA Optical Networking 
SE for total purchase consideration of $578.3 million on July 15, 2022. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized at their 
respective fair values as of July 15, 2022, which resulted in the recognition of $403.8 million of identifiable intangible assets. The fair 
value of the identifiable intangible assets acquired as of the acquisition date primarily consisted of developed technology of $291.9 
million,  customer  relationships  of  $32.7  million,  and  backlog  of  $52.2  million.  In  determining  the  fair  value,  management  utilized 
various  methods  of  the  income  approach  depending  on  the  asset.  The  estimation  of  fair  value  required  significant  judgment  by 
management related to net cash flows reflecting the risk inherent in each cash flow stream, competitive trends, market comparables and 
other factors. Inputs were generally determined by taking into account historical data, current and anticipated market conditions, and 
growth rates. Developed technology and customer relationships were valued using the multi-period excess earnings method. Backlog 
was valued using the distributor method. Significant assumptions used in the discounted cash flow analysis for (i) developed technology 
were  the  revenue  growth  rates,  long-term  revenue  growth  rate,  discount  rate,  earnings  before  interest,  taxes,  depreciation,  and 
amortization  (EBITDA)  margins,  obsolescence  factors,  income  tax  rate,  tax  depreciation,  and  economic  depreciation;  (ii)  customer 
relationships were earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) margins, contributory asset charges, and customer attrition rate; and (iii) 
backlog were EBIT margins, adjusted EBIT margins, and contributory asset charges. 

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of the developed technology, 
customer relationships, and backlog intangible assets acquired in the acquisition of ADVA Optical Networking SE is a critical audit 
matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value estimates of the identifiable intangible assets 
acquired;  (ii)  a  high  degree  of  auditor  judgment,  subjectivity,  and  effort  in  performing  procedures  and  evaluating  management’s 
significant  assumptions  related  to  the  revenue  growth  rates,  long-term  revenue  growth  rate,  discount  rate,  EBITDA  margins, 
obsolescence factors, income tax rate, tax depreciation, and economic depreciation used in the valuation of the developed technology; 
EBIT margins, contributory asset charges, and customer attrition rate used in the valuation of the customer relationships; and EBIT 
margins, adjusted EBIT margins, and contributory asset charges used in the valuation of the backlog; and (iii) the audit effort involved 
the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.  

84  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion 
on  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  These  procedures  included  testing  the  effectiveness  of  controls  relating  to  the  acquisition 
accounting, including controls over the valuation of the identifiable intangible assets acquired. These procedures also included, among 
others (i) reading the purchase agreement; (ii) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimates of the developed 
technology, customer relationships, and backlog intangible assets; (iii) evaluating the appropriateness of the multi-period excess earnings 
and distributor methods; (iv) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used by management in the valuation methods; 
and (v) evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumptions used by management related to the revenue growth rates, long-term 
revenue growth rate, discount rate, EBITDA margins, obsolescence factors, income tax rate, tax depreciation, and economic depreciation 
used in the valuation of the developed technology; EBIT margins, contributory asset charges, and customer attrition rate used in the 
valuation of the customer relationships; and EBIT margins, adjusted EBIT margins, and contributory asset charges used in the valuation 
of the backlog. Evaluating the reasonableness of management’s significant assumptions related to the revenue growth rates, long-term 
revenue growth rate, EBITDA margins, obsolescence factors, income tax rate, tax depreciation, and economic depreciation related to 
the developed technology; the EBIT margins, contributory asset charges, and customer attrition rate related to the customer relationships; 
and  EBIT  margins,  adjusted  EBIT  margins,  and  contributory  asset  charges  related  to  backlog  involved  considering  (i)  the  past 
performance of the acquired business; (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data; and (iii) whether these assumptions 
were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist 
in evaluating (i) the appropriateness of the valuation methods used and (ii) the reasonableness of the discount rate significant assumption. 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP  
Birmingham, Alabama 
March 1, 2023 
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1986. 

Financial Information  85 

 
  
 
Financial Statements 

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 
Consolidated Balance Sheets  
(In thousands, except per share amount) 
December 31, 2022 and 2021 

ASSETS 
Current Assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Restricted cash 
Short-term investments (includes $340 and $350 of available-for-sale securities as of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, reported at fair value) 
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses of $49 and $0 as of December 31, 
2022 and 2021, respectively 
Other receivables 
Inventory, net 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 

Total Current Assets 

Property, plant and equipment, net 
Deferred tax assets, net 
Goodwill 
Intangibles, net 
Other non-current assets 
Long-term investments (includes $8,913 and $29,717 of available-for-sale securities as of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, reported at fair value) 

Total Assets 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY 
Current Liabilities 
Accounts payable 
Revolving credit agreements outstanding 
Notes payable 
Unearned revenue 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 
Accrued wages and benefits 
Income tax payable, net 
Total Current Liabilities 

Non-current unearned revenue 
Pension liability 
Deferred compensation liability 
Non-current lease obligations 
Other non-current liabilities 

Total Liabilities 

Commitments and contingencies (see Note 20) 

Equity 

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 200,000 shares authorized; 
   78,088 shares issued and 77,889 outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 
   79,652 shares issued and 49,063 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 
Additional paid-in capital 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 
Retained earnings 
Less treasury stock at cost: 198 and 30,590 shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, 
respectively 
Non-controlling interest 

Total Equity 
Total Liabilities and Equity 

2022 

2021 

 $ 

108,644 
— 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

340 

279,435 
32,831 
427,531 
33,577 
882,358 
110,699 
6,210 
381,724 
401,211 
66,998 

32,665 
1,881,865 

 $ 

 $ 

237,699 
95,936 
24,598 
41,193 
35,235 
44,882 
9,032 
488,575 
19,239 
10,624 
26,668 
22,807 
10,339 
578,252 

781 
895,834 
46,713 
55,338 

(4,125)    

309,072 
1,303,613 
1,881,865 

 $ 

 $ 

56,603 
215 

350 

158,742 
11,228 
139,891 
9,296 
376,325 
55,766 
9,079 
6,968 
19,293 
30,971 

70,615 
569,017 

102,489 
— 
— 
17,737 
13,673 
14,900 
6,560 
155,359 
9,271 
11,402 
31,383 
3,269 
1,231 
211,915 

797 
288,946 
(11,914) 
740,820 

(661,547) 
— 
357,102 
569,017 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

86  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
 
   
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 
Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income  
(In thousands, except per share amounts) 
Years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020  

Revenue 
Network Solutions 
Services & Support 
Total Revenue 
Cost of Revenue 
Network Solutions 
Services & Support 

Total Cost of Revenue 
Gross Profit 

Selling, general and administrative expenses 
Research and development expenses 
Asset impairment 

Operating Loss 

Interest and dividend income 
Interest expense 
Net investment (loss) gain 
Other income (expense), net 

Loss Before Income Taxes 

Income tax benefit (expense) 

Net (Loss) Income 
Less: Net Loss attributable to non-controlling interest 
Net (Loss) Income attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 

 $ 

 $ 

Weighted average shares outstanding – basic 
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted 

(Loss) earnings per common share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. – basic 
(Loss) earnings per common share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. – diluted 

 $ 
 $ 

(0.03 )   $ 
(0.03 )   $ 

(0.18 )   $ 
(0.18 )   $ 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

2022 

2021 

2020 

 $ 

 $ 

916,793  
108,743  
1,025,536  

 $ 

498,834  
64,170  
563,004  

438,015 
68,495 
506,510 

647,105  
51,179  
698,284  
327,252  
208,889  
173,757  
17,433  
(72,827 )    
2,123  
(3,437 )    
(11,339 )    
14,517  
(70,963 )    
62,075  
(8,888 )   $ 
(6,851 )    
(2,037 )   $ 

307,841  
36,786  
344,627  
218,377  
124,414  
108,663  
—  
(14,700 )    
2,844  

(34 )    

1,761  
3,824  
(6,305 )    
(2,330 )    
(8,635 )   $ 
—  
(8,635 )   $ 

62,346  
62,346  

48,582  
48,582  

244,226 
44,733 
288,959 
217,551 
113,972 
113,287 
65 
(9,773) 
1,936 
(5) 
4,850 
(3,254) 
(6,246) 
8,624 
2,378 
— 
2,378 

47,996 
48,288 

0.05 
0.05 

Financial Information  87 

 
  
  
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
2022 

2021 

2020 

 $ 

(8,888)   $ 

(8,635)   $ 

2,378 

(284)    
4,597 
53,396 
57,709 

(918)    
 $ 

49,739 

(584)    
4,008 
(3,699)    
(275)    
— 
(8,910)   $ 

316 
(395) 
4,857 
4,778 
— 
7,156 

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) 
(In thousands) 
Years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Net (Loss) Income 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax 

Net unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities 
Defined benefit plan adjustments 
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax 
Less: Comprehensive Loss attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax 
Comprehensive Income (Loss) attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc., net of tax   $ 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

88  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity  
(In thousands, except per share amounts) 
Years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Common 
Shares 

Common 
Stock 

 $ 

79,652 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
79,652 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
79,652 
— 
27,995 
(30,330)    
— 
— 

— 

— 
372 
399 

Balance as of December 31, 2019 
Net income 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax 
Dividend payments ($0.09 per share) 
Dividends accrued on unvested restricted 
   stock units 
Deferred compensation adjustments, 
   net of tax 
PSUs, RSUs and restricted stock vested 
Stock-based compensation expense 
Balance as of December 31, 2020 
Net loss 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax 
Dividend payments ($0.09 per share) 
Non-cash dividend payments ($0.09 per 
share) 
Dividends accrued on unvested restricted 
   stock units 
Deferred compensation adjustments, 
   net of tax 
Stock options exercised 
PSUs, RSUs and restricted stock vested 
Stock-based compensation expense 
Balance as of December 31, 2021 
Net loss 
Acquisition of ADVA 
Retirement of treasury stock 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax 
Dividend payments ($0.09 per share) 
Dividends accrued on unvested restricted 
stock units 
Deferred compensation adjustments, net of 
tax 
ADTRAN RSUs and restricted stock vested    
ADTRAN stock options exercised 
ADTRAN stock-based compensation 
expense 
Reclassification of ADVA stock options 
ADVA stock options exercised 
ADVA stock-based compensation expense 
Balance as of December 31, 2022 

Additional 
Paid-In 
Capital 
 $  274,632 
— 
— 
— 

Retained 
Earnings 
 $  806,702 
2,378 
— 
(17,334)    

— 

(180)    

— 
— 
6,834 
281,466 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
7,480 
288,946 
— 
577,980 
— 
— 
— 

— 
(9,753)    
— 
781,813 

(8,635)    
— 
(17,529)    

(5)    

(320)    

— 
(1,842)    
(12,662)    
— 
740,820 

(2,037)    
— 

(655,761)    

— 
(22,885)    

797 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
797 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
797 
— 
280 
(303)    
— 
— 

— 

— 
4 
3 

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss)   

Non-
controlling 
interest 

Treasury 
Stock 

 $  (685,288)   $ 

— 
— 
— 

— 

(2,806)    
8,601 
— 

(679,493)    

— 
— 
— 

5 

— 

(16,417)   $ 
— 
4,778 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
(11,639)    
— 
(275)    
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

(1,248)    
8,274 
10,915 
— 

(661,547)    

— 
— 
656,064 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
(11,914)    
— 
— 
— 
58,627 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
(6,851)    

316,415 
— 
(918)    
— 

Total 
Equity 
 $  380,426 
2,378 
4,778 
(17,334) 

(180) 

(2,806) 
(1,152) 
6,834 
372,944 
(8,635) 
(275) 
(17,529) 

— 

(320) 

(1,248) 
6,432 
(1,747) 
7,480 
357,102 
(8,888) 
894,675 
— 
57,709 
(22,885) 

353 

(71) 
(9,847) 
6,131 

— 

— 
— 
— 

353 

— 

(10,482)    
5,330 

(71)    
631 
798 

— 

— 
— 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
78,088 

 $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
781 

26,141 
187 
472 
2,108 
 $  895,834 

 $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
55,338 

 $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
(4,125)   $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
46,713 

— 
99 
254 
73 
 $  309,072 

26,141 
286 
726 
2,181 
 $ 1,303,613 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

Financial Information  89 

 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
(In thousands) 
Years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Cash flows from operating activities: 

Net (Loss) Income 
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating 
activities: 

2022 

2021 

2020 

 $ 

(8,888 )   $ 

(8,635)   $ 

2,378 

Depreciation and amortization 
Asset impairments 
Amortization of debt issuance cost 
Amortization of net discount on available-for-sale investments 
Loss (gain) on investments 
Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Stock-based compensation expense 
Deferred income taxes 
Inventory reserves 
Other, net 
Change in operating assets and liabilities: 

Accounts receivable, net 
Other receivables 
Inventory 
Prepaid expenses other current assets and other assets 
Accounts payable 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 
Income taxes payable 

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities 
Cash flows from investing activities: 

Purchases of property, plant and equipment 
Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale investments 
Purchases of available-for-sale investments 
Proceeds from beneficial interests in securitized accounts receivable 
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment 
Insurance proceeds received 
Acquisition of note receivable 
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired 

Net cash provided by investing activities 
Cash flows from financing activities: 

Tax withholdings related to stock-based compensation settlements 
Proceeds from stock option exercises 
Dividend payments 
Proceeds from draw on revolving credit agreements 
Repayment of revolving credit agreements 
Payment of debt issuance cost 
Repayment of bonds payable 
Repayment of notes payable 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 
Effect of exchange rate changes 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year 

Supplemental disclosure of cash financing activities 

Cash paid for interest 
Cash paid for income taxes 
Cash used in operating activities related to operating leases 

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities 

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable 
ADVA common shares exchanged in acquisition 
ADVA options assumed in acquisition 
Non-controlling interest related to ADVA 

67,553  
17,433  
288  
19  
9,826  
152  
28,322  
(62,388 )    
(2,363 )    
—  

788  
(20,088 )    
(73,237 )    
(7,116 )    
28,105  
(20,483 )    
(2,151 )    
(44,228 )    

(17,072 )    
51,661  
(23,899 )    
1,126  
12  
—  
—  
44,003  
55,831  

(4,253 )    
6,904  
(22,885 )    
141,887  
(48,000 )    
(3,015 )    
—  
(17,702 )    
52,936  
64,539  
(12,713 )    
56,818  
108,644  

 $ 

1,728  
3,832  
5,229  

3,410  
1,165  
565,491  
12,769  
316,415  

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

16,084 
— 
— 
108 
(5,127)    
4 
7,480 
(1,784)    
(5,029)    
— 

(60,864)    
9,752 
(10,638)    
(7,146)    
53,270 
10,063 
5,470 
3,008 

(5,669)    
50,466 
(35,031)    
— 
— 
500 
— 
— 
10,266 

(1,860)    
6,431 
(17,529)    
10,000 
(10,000)    
— 
— 
— 
(12,958)    
316 
(3,677)    
60,179 
56,818 

 $ 

13 
1,780 
1,892 

1,875 
638 
— 
— 
— 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

16,627 
65 
— 
— 
(5,802) 
— 
6,834 
(1,356) 
(5,398) 
216 

(7,269) 
(4,732) 
(20,184) 
(5,239) 
4,543 
5,093 
(2,294) 
(16,518) 

(6,413) 
105,100 
(56,767) 
— 
2 
— 
(523) 
— 
41,399 

(1,043) 
— 
(17,334) 
— 
— 
— 
(24,600) 
— 
(42,977) 
(18,096) 
4,502 
73,773 
60,179 

24 
7,609 
2,632 

324 
108 
— 
— 
— 

 $ 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

90  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

Note 1 – Nature of Business 

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. (“ADTRAN” or the “Company”) is a leading global provider of networking and communications platforms, 
software, systems and services focused on the broadband access market, serving a diverse domestic and international customer base in 
multiple countries that includes Tier-1, -2 and -3 service providers, alternative service providers, such as utilities, municipalities and 
fiber overbuilders, cable/MSOs, SMBs and distributed enterprises. Our innovative solutions and services enable voice, data, video and 
internet-communications across a variety of network infrastructures and are currently in use by millions worldwide. We support our 
customers through our direct global sales organization and our distribution networks. Our success depends upon our ability to increase 
unit volume and market share through the introduction of new products and succeeding generations of products having optimal selling 
prices and increased functionality as compared to both the prior generation of a product and to the products of competitors in order to 
gain market share. To service our customers and grow revenue, we are continually conducting research and developing new products 
addressing customer needs and testing those products for the specific requirements of the particular customers. We offer a broad portfolio 
of flexible software and hardware network solutions and services that enable service providers to meet today’s service demands, while 
enabling them to transition to the fully converged, scalable, highly-automated, cloud-controlled voice, data, internet and video network 
of the future. In addition to our global headquarters in Huntsville, Alabama, and our European headquarters in Munich, Germany, we 
have sales and research and development facilities in strategic global locations. 

In 2022, following the business combination (the “Business Combination”) with ADVA Optical Networking SE (“ADVA”), which 
included the Merger, we became the sole owner of and successor to ADTRAN, Inc. and the majority shareholder of ADVA. ADTRAN, 
Inc. is a leading global provider of open, disaggregated networking and communications solutions that enable voice, data, video, and 
internet  communications  across  any  network  infrastructure.  Its  award-winning  end-to-end  fiber  broadband  solutions  portfolio  spans 
from OLTs to in-home services and intelligent SaaS solutions. ADVA is a global provider of open networking solutions with over 25 
years of experience in optical networking, carrier Ethernet access and network synchronization. ADVA has led the industry for over 
two decades with open and secure networking solutions that carefully balance space, power and cost. Together, we serve customers in 
a broad range of industries in over 100 countries.  

Principles of Consolidation 

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted 
in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, changes in equity and 
cash  flows  of  ADTRAN  and  its  wholly-owned  subsidiaries.  All  intercompany  accounts  and  transactions  have  been  eliminated  in 
consolidation. 

Use of Estimates 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that 
affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities,  the  disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities  at  the  date  of  the  financial 
statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Significant estimates include allowance for 
credit losses on accounts receivable and contract assets, excess and obsolete inventory reserves, warranty reserves, customer rebates, 
determination and accrual of the deferred revenue related to performance obligations under contracts with customers, estimated costs to 
complete  obligations  associated  with  deferred  and  accrued  revenues  and  network  installations,  estimated  income  tax  provision  and 
income  tax  contingencies,  fair  value  of  stock-based  compensation,  assessment  of  goodwill  and  other  intangibles  for  impairment, 
estimated  lives  of  intangible  assets,  estimates  of  intangible  assets  upon  measurement,  estimated  pension  liability  and  fair  value  of 
investments. Actual amounts could differ significantly from these estimates. 

We  assessed  certain  accounting  matters  that  generally  require  consideration  of  forecasted  financial  information  in  context  with  the 
information reasonably available to us and the unknown future impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus/COVID-19 global pandemic 
(or variants of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus), supply chain constraints, inflationary pressures, the energy crisis, currency fluctuations 
and political tensions as of December 31, 2022 and through the date of this report. The accounting matters assessed included, but were 
not limited to, the allowance for credit losses, stock-based compensation, carrying value of goodwill, intangibles and other long-lived 
assets, financial assets, valuation allowances for tax assets, revenue recognition and costs of revenue. Future conditions related to the 
magnitude  and  duration  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  as  well  as  other  factors,  including  supply  chain  constraints  and  inflationary 
pressures could result in further impacts to the Company's consolidated financial statements in future reporting periods. 

Correction of Immaterial Misstatements 

During the first quarter of 2020, it was determined that certain investments held in the Company’s stock for a deferred compensation 
plan  accounted  for  as  a  Rabbi  trust  were  incorrectly  classified  as  long-term  investments  with  the  fair  value  of  such  investments 
incorrectly marked to market at each period end rather than classified as treasury stock held at historical cost. This plan has been in 
existence since 2011. The Company corrected this misstatement as an out-of-period adjustment in the three months ended March 31, 
2020 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, by remeasuring the investment assets to their historical cost basis through the 
recording of a net investment gain of $1.5 million in the Consolidated Statement of (Loss) Income and then correcting the classification 
by decreasing the long-term investment balance at its remeasured cost basis of $2.8 million to treasury stock in the Consolidated 2020 

Financial Information  91 

 
  
Balance Sheet. Management has determined that this misstatement was not material to any of its previously issued financial statements 
and that correction of the misstatement was not material to the 2020 annual financial results on either a quantitative or qualitative basis. 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents represent demand deposits, money market funds and short-term investments classified as available-for-sale 
with  original  maturities  of  three  months  or  less.  We  maintain  depository  investments  with  certain  financial  institutions.  As  of 
December 31,  2022,  $100.1  million  of  our  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  primarily  certain  domestic  money  market  funds  and  foreign 
depository  accounts, were  in  excess  of government provided  insured depository  limits.  Although  these  depository  investments may 
exceed  government  insured depository  limits,  we  have  evaluated  the  credit  worthiness  of  these  applicable  financial  institutions  and 
determined the risk of material financial loss due to the exposure of such credit risk to be minimal.  

Fair Value of Financial Instruments 

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between 
market participants at the measurement date. Where available, fair value is based on observable market prices or parameters or derived 
from  such  prices  or  parameters.  Where  observable  prices  or  inputs  are  not  available,  valuation  models  may  be  applied.  Assets  and 
liabilities recorded at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the 
inputs used to measure their fair values.  

The carrying amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts 
payable approximate fair value due to the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. 

The fair value measurements of our derivative instruments are determined using models that maximize the use of the observable market 
inputs including interest rate curves and both forward and spot prices for currencies, and are classified as Level II under the fair value 
hierarchy. The fair values of our derivatives are included in Note 12. 

The estimated fair value of our notes payable, approximates the carrying value and is classified as Level II under the fair value hierarchy. 
The carrying value of our notes payable is included in Note 14. 

Investments with contractual maturities beyond one year may be classified as short-term based on their highly liquid nature and because 
such marketable securities represent the investment of cash that is available for current operations. Despite the long-term nature of their 
stated contractual maturities, we routinely buy and sell these securities and we believe we have the ability to quickly sell them to the 
remarketing  agent,  tender  agent  or  issuer  at  par  value  plus  accrued  interest  in  the  event  we  decide  to  liquidate  our  investment  in  a 
particular variable rate demand note. All income generated from these investments is recorded as interest income. We have not recorded 
any losses relating to variable rate demand notes. 

Long-term investments is comprised of deferred compensation plan assets, corporate bonds, municipal fixed-rate bonds, asset-backed 
bonds, mortgage/agency-backed bonds, U.S. and foreign government bonds, marketable equity securities and other equity investments. 
Marketable equity securities are reported at fair value as determined by the most recently traded price of the securities at the balance 
sheet date, although the securities may not be readily marketable due to the size of the available market. Any changes in fair value are 
recognized  in  net  investment  (loss)  gain.  Realized  gains  and  losses  on  sales  of  debt  securities  are  computed  under  the  specific 
identification method and are included in other income (expense). See Note 6 for additional information. 

For  financing  receivables,  the  Company  does  not  measure  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  for  accrued  interest  receivables,  as  the 
uncollectable accrued interest receivable is written off by reversing any previously recorded interest income in a timely manner (as soon 
as these amounts are determined to be uncollectable).  

Accounts Receivable 

We record accounts receivable at amortized cost. Prior to establishing payment terms for a new customer, we evaluate the credit risk of 
the customer. Credit limits and payment terms established for new customers are re-evaluated periodically based on customer collection 
experience and other financial factors. As of December 31, 2022, single customers comprising more than 10% of our total accounts 
receivable balance included three customers, which accounted for 33.1% of our total accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2022, 
these  three  customers  individually  accounted  for  11.4%,  11.1%  and  10.6%,  respectively,  of  our  total  accounts  receivable.  As  of 
December 31, 2021, single customers comprising more than 10% of our total accounts receivable balance included three customers, 
which accounted for 59.9% of our total accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2021, these three customers individually accounted 
for 35.8%, 12.1% and 12.0%, respectively, of our total accounts receivable. 

We  regularly  review  the  need  for  an  allowance  for  credit  losses  related  to  our  outstanding  accounts  receivable  balances  using  the 
historical loss-rate method as well as assessing asset-specific risks. The assessment of asset-specific risks included the evaluation of 
relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to current conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to 
pay, such as the customer’s current financial condition or credit rating by geographic location, as provided by a third party and/or by 
customer, if needed, and overall macro-economic conditions in which the customer operates. Based on this assessment, an allowance 
for credit losses would be recorded if the Company determined that, based on our historical write-offs, which have been immaterial, and 
such asset specific risks, there was risk in collectability of the full amount of any accounts receivable.  

92  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
Accounts Receivable Factoring 

The Company has entered into a factoring agreement to sell certain receivables to an unrelated third-party financial institution on a non-
recourse  basis.  These  transactions  are  accounted  for  in  accordance  with  Accounting  Standards  Codification  ("ASC")  Topic  860, 
Transfers and Servicing, and result in a reduction in accounts receivable because the agreements transfer effective control over and risk 
related to the receivables to the buyers. Trade accounts receivables balances sold are removed from the Consolidated Balance Sheets 
and cash received is reflected as cash provided by (used in) operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow. Factoring 
related interest expense is recorded to interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Loss. On each sale date, the financial institution 
retains from the sale price a default reserve, up to a required balance, which are held by the financial institution in a reserve account and 
pledged to the Company. The financial institution is entitled to withdraw from the reserve account the sale price of a defaulted receivable. 
The balance in the reserve account is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

Inventory 

Inventory is carried at the lower of cost and estimated net realizable value, with cost being determined using the first-in, first-out method. 
Standard costs for material, labor and manufacturing overhead are used to value inventory and are updated at least quarterly. We establish 
reserves for estimated excess and obsolete inventory equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the estimated net 
realizable value of the inventory based on estimated reserve percentages, which consider historical usage, known trends, inventory age 
and market conditions. When we dispose of excess and obsolete inventories, the related disposals are charged against the inventory 
reserve. See Note 7 for additional information. 

Property, Plant and Equipment 

Property, plant and equipment, which is stated at cost, is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of 
the assets. We depreciate building and land improvements from five to 39 years, office machinery and equipment from three to seven 
years, engineering machinery and equipment from three to seven years, and computer software from three to five years. Expenditures 
for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Major improvements that materially prolong the lives of the assets are 
capitalized. Gains and losses on the disposal of property, plant and equipment are recorded in operating loss. See Note 8 for additional 
information. 

Intangible Assets 

Purchased  intangible  assets  with  finite  lives  are  carried  at  cost  less  accumulated  amortization.  Amortization  is  recorded  over  the 
estimated useful lives of the respective assets. See Note 11 for additional information. 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Intangibles 

Long-lived assets used in operations are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying 
amount of an asset may not be recoverable and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset are less than the 
asset’s carrying value. In connection with the planned integration of information technology following the Business Combination, we 
determined that certain projects no longer fit our needs. As a result the Company recognized impairment charges of $17.4 million during 
the year ended December 31, 2022 related to capitalized implementation costs for a cloud computing arrangement. The impairment 
charges were determined based on actual costs incurred. There were no impairment losses for long-lived assets during the years ended 
December 31, 2021 and 2020, or for intangible assets recognized during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 or 2020. 

Financial Information  93 

 
  
 
 
Goodwill 

Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired. The carrying value of goodwill is tested for 
impairment in the fourth quarter of each year or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate it may be impaired. The quantitative 
goodwill impairment test is performed at the level of the reporting unit. The identification of our reporting units begins at the operating 
segment level and considers whether components one level below the operating segment levels should be identified as reporting units 
for purpose of testing goodwill for impairment. For goodwill impairment testing purposes, the Company determined the Company's 
reporting units are generally the same as its operating segments, which are identified in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Our general policy is to qualitatively assess the carrying value of goodwill each reporting period for events or changes in circumstances 
that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. Related to the Business Combination 
with ADVA the Company recognized $350.5 million of goodwill upon the merger on July 15, 2022. Therefore, we decided to proceed 
directly to the quantitative test of goodwill and forego the qualitative assessment. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units based 
on an income approach, whereby we calculate the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. 
A discounted cash flow analysis requires us to make various judgmental assumptions about future sales, operating margins, growth rates 
and discount rates, which are based on our budgets, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and market 
participants.  We  also  estimate  the  fair  value  of  our  reporting  units  based  on  a  peer  group  analysis,  whereby  companies  in  the 
telecommunications  industry  or  with  a  comparable  product  and  market  structure  are  used  to  calculate  a  fair  enterprise  value  using 
revenue, EBITDA and debt multiples of trading value. Based on our analysis, management concluded that there was no impairment of 
goodwill as of December 31, 2022. No impairment charges on goodwill were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2021 
and 2020. 

Other Non-Current Assets 

Implementation costs incurred for hosting arrangements that are related to service contracts are capitalized and amortized over the term 
of  the  arrangement.  Capitalized  implementation  costs  totaled  $6.2  million  and  $21.0  million  as  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021, 
respectively and are included in other non-current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In connection with the planned integration 
of information technology following the Business Combination, we determined that certain projects no longer fit our needs. As a result 
the  Company  recognized  impairment  charges  of  $16.9  million  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022  related  to  capitalized 
implementation costs for a cloud computing arrangement. The impairment charges were determined based on actual costs incurred. 
During the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, no impairment charges were recognized. We depreciate capitalized implementation 
costs on a straight-line basis over ten years. Amortization expense was $3.9 million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 
2022  and  2021,  respectively,  which  is  recorded  almost  entirely  in  selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of (Loss) Income. No amortization expense was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2020. 

Liability for Warranty 

Our products generally include warranties of 90 days to five years for product defects. We accrue for warranty returns at the time of 
product shipment based on our historical return rate and estimate of the cost to repair or replace the defective products. We engage in 
extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of our component suppliers. 
The increasing complexity of our products will cause warranty incidences, when they arise, to be more costly. Our estimates regarding 
future warranty obligations may change due to product failure rates, material usage and other rework costs incurred in correcting a 
product failure. In addition, from time to time, specific warranty accruals may be recorded if unforeseen problems arise. Should our 
actual experience relative to these factors be worse than our estimates, we will be required to record additional warranty expense. Our 
liability for warranty returns totaled $7.2 million and $5.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

Pension Benefit Plan Obligations 

We maintain a defined benefit pension plan covering employees in certain foreign countries. Pension benefit plan obligations are based 
on various assumptions used by our actuaries in calculating these amounts. These assumptions include discount rates, compensation rate 
increases, expected return on plan assets, retirement rates and mortality rates. Actual results that differ from the assumptions and changes 
in assumptions could affect future expenses and obligations. Our net pension liability totaled $10.6 million and $11.4 million as of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  

94  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
Lease Obligations 

We have operating leases for office space, automobiles and various other equipment in the U.S. and in certain international locations. 
Other contracts, such as manufacturing agreements and service agreements, are reviewed to determine if they contain potential embedded 
leases. These other contracts are specifically reviewed to determine whether we have the right to substantially all of the economic benefit 
from the use of any specified assets or the right to direct the use of any specified assets, either of which would indicate the existence of 
a lease. Some of our leases include options to renew, with renewal terms of up to five years. For those leases that are reasonably assured 
to be renewed, we have included the option to extend as part of our right of use asset and lease liability. The exercise of lease renewal 
options is at our sole discretion. The depreciable life of leased assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term. 
Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and lease expense for these leases is recognized 
on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For lease agreements entered into or reassessed after the adoption of Topic 842, we elected 
to not separate lease and non-lease components. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material 
restrictive covenants. 

Stock-Based Compensation 

We have two stock incentive plans from which stock options, performance stock units (“PSUs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and 
restricted stock are available for grant to employees and directors. Costs related to these awards are recognized over their vesting periods. 

Stock-based compensation expense recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was approximately $28.3 million, 
$7.5 million, and $6.8 million, respectively. See Note 5 for additional information. 

Research and Development Costs 

Research  and  development  costs  include  compensation  for  engineers  and  support  personnel,  contracted  services,  depreciation  and 
material costs associated with new product development, enhancement of current products and product cost reductions. We continually 
evaluate  new  product  opportunities  and  engage  in  intensive  research  for  product  and  software  development  efforts.  Research  and 
development costs totaled $173.8 million, $108.7 million and $113.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, 
respectively. 

ADVA has arrangements with governmental entities for the purposes of obtaining funding for research and development activities. The 
Company classifies government grants received under these arrangements as a reduction to research and development expense incurred. 
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $1.1 million as a reduction of research and development expense. 

Income Taxes 

The provision for income taxes has been determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this 
approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are 
recovered or paid. The provision for income taxes represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus the change in deferred 
taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from the difference between financial and tax basis of our assets and liabilities and are 
adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when such changes are enacted. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax 
assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. 

We establish reserves to remove some or all of the tax benefit of any of our tax positions at the time we determine that the positions 
become  uncertain.  We  adjust  these  reserves,  including  any  impact  on  the  related  interest  and  penalties,  as  facts  and  circumstances 
change. 

Financial Information  95 

 
  
 
 
Foreign Currency 

Transactions  with  customers  that  are  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  are  recorded  using  the  appropriate  exchange  rates  from 
throughout the year. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured at the balance sheet dates using the closing 
rates of exchange between those foreign currencies and the functional currency with any transaction gains or losses reported in other 
income  (expense).  Our  primary  exposures  to  foreign  currency  exchange  rate  movements  are  with  our  German  subsidiary,  whose 
functional currency is the Euro and our Australian subsidiary, whose functional currency is the Australian dollar. Adjustments resulting 
from translating financial statements of international subsidiaries are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive 
(loss) income. 

Revenue 

Revenue is measured based on the consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services to a 
customer and as performance obligations under the terms of the contract are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control 
of  a  product  to  the  customer.  Review  of  contracts  with  customers,  for  both  direct  customers  and  distributors,  are  performed  and 
assessment  made  regarding  principal  versus  agent  considerations  to  determine  primary  responsibility  for  delivery  of  performance 
obligation, presumed inventory risk, and discretion in establishing pricing, when applicable. For transactions where there are multiple 
performance obligations, individual products and services are accounted for separately if they are distinct (if a product or service is 
separately identifiable from other items and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available 
to the customer). The consideration, including any discounts, is allocated between separate products and services based on their stand-
alone selling prices. Stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the separate products and services are sold 
and are allocated based on each item’s relative value to the total value of the products and services in the arrangement. For items that 
are not sold separately, we estimate stand-alone selling prices primarily using the “expected cost plus a margin” approach. Payment 
terms are generally 30 days in the U.S. and typically longer in many geographic markets outside the U.S. Shipping fees are recorded as 
revenue and the related cost is included in cost of revenue. Revenue, value-added and other taxes collected concurrently with revenue-
producing activities are excluded from revenue. Costs of obtaining a contract, if material, are capitalized and amortized over the period 
that the related revenue is recognized if greater than one year. We have elected to account for shipping fees as a cost of fulfilling the 
related  contract.  We  have  also  elected  to  apply  the  practical  expedient  related  to  the  incremental  costs  of  obtaining  contracts  and 
recognize those costs as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets is one year or less. These costs are included 
in selling, general and administrative expenses. Capitalized costs with an amortization period greater than one year were immaterial. 

Revenue is generated by two reportable segments: Network Solutions and Services & Support. 

Network Solutions Segment - Includes hardware products and software defined next-generation virtualized solutions used in service 
provider or business networks, as well as prior generation products. The majority of the revenue from this segment is from hardware 
revenue. 

Hardware and Software Revenue 

Revenue  from  hardware  sales  is  recognized  when  control  is  transferred  to  the  customer,  which  is  generally  when  the  products  are 
shipped. Shipping terms are generally FOB shipping point. Revenue from software license sales is recognized at delivery and transfer 
of control to the customer. Revenue is recorded net of estimated discounts and rebates using historical trends. Customers are typically 
invoiced when control is transferred and revenue is recognized. Our products generally include assurance-based warranties of 90 days 
to five years for product defects, which are accrued at the time products are delivered.   

Services & Support Segment - Includes a complete portfolio of maintenance, network implementation and solutions integration and 
managed services, which include hosted cloud services and subscription services to complement our Network Solutions segment.  

Maintenance Revenue 

Our maintenance service periods range from one month to five years. Customers are typically invoiced and pay for maintenance services 
at the beginning of the maintenance period. We recognize revenue for maintenance services on a straight-line basis over the maintenance 
period as our customers benefit evenly throughout the contract term and deferred revenue, when applicable, are recorded in current and 
non-current unearned revenue. 

96  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
Network Implementation Revenue 

We recognize revenue for network implementation, which primarily consists of engineering, execution and enablement services at a 
point in time when each performance obligation is complete. If we have recognized revenue but have not billed the customer, the right 
to consideration is recognized as a contract asset that is included in other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The contract 
asset is transferred to accounts receivable when the completed performance obligation is invoiced to the customer. 

See Notes 4 and 18 for additional information on reportable segments. 

Unearned Revenue 

Unearned revenue primarily represents customer billings on maintenance service programs and unearned revenue related to multiple 
element contracts where we still have contractual obligations to our customers. We currently offer maintenance contracts ranging from 
one month to five years. Revenue attributable to maintenance contracts is recognized on a straight-line basis over the related contract 
term. In addition, we provide software maintenance and a variety of hardware maintenance services to customers under contracts with 
terms up to ten years. When we defer revenue related to multiple performance obligations where we still have contractual obligations, 
we also defer the related costs. Current deferred costs are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the accompanying 
Consolidated Balance Sheets and totaled $1.5 million and $0.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Non-current 
deferred costs are included in other non-current assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and less than $0.1 million as 
of December 31, 2022 and $0.1 million as of December 31, 2021. 

(Loss) Earnings per Share 

(Loss) earnings per common share and (loss) earnings per common share assuming dilution are based on the weighted average number 
of common shares and, when dilutive, common equivalent shares outstanding during the year. See Note 22 for additional information. 

Business Combinations 

The Company records assets acquired, liabilities assumed, contractual contingencies, when applicable, and intangible assets recognized 
as part of business combinations based on their fair values on the date of acquisition subject to purchase accounting adjustments. The 
excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net tangible and intangible assets and liabilities assumed or acquired is 
recorded  as  goodwill.  If  the  estimated  fair  values  of  net  tangible  and  intangible  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  exceed  the 
purchase price, a bargain purchase gain is recorded. The Company’s estimates of fair value are based on historical experience, industry 
knowledge, certain information obtained from the management of the acquired company and, in some cases, valuations performed by 
independent  third-party  firms.  The  results  of  operations  of  acquired  companies  are  included  in  the  accompanying  Consolidated 
Statements  of  (Loss)  Income  since  their  dates  of  acquisition.  Costs  incurred  to  complete  the  Business  Combination,  such  as  legal, 
accounting or other professional fees are charged to selling, general and administrative expenses as incurred. 

Non-Controlling Interest 

Non-controlling interest represents the equity interest in ADVA held by holders other than the Company. On July 15, 2022, upon the 
close  of  the  Business  Combination,  the  ADVA  stockholders’  equity  ownership  percentage  in  ADVA  was  approximately  36%.  The 
Company has consolidated the financial position and results of operations of ADVA and reflected the proportionate interest held by the 
ADVA stockholders as non-controlling interest in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2022, 
the ADVA stockholders’ equity ownership percentage in ADVA was approximately 34.7%. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted 

There are currently no recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted which would have a material effect on the Condensed 
Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements 

In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2021-08, Business 
Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which would require 
an  acquirer  to recognize  and measure  acquired  contract  assets  and  contract  liabilities  in  a  manner  consistent with how  the  acquiree 
recognized and measured them in its pre-acquisition financial statements in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue Recognition. The 
Company early adopted ASU 2021-08 on July 1, 2022 and the standard was applied retrospectively beginning with January 1, 2022. 

Note 2 – Business Combination Agreement 

ADVA Optical Networking SE 

On August 30, 2021, ADTRAN and ADVA, entered into a Business Combination Agreement, pursuant to which both companies agreed 
to combine their respective businesses and each become subsidiaries of a new holding company, ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. (formerly 
known as Acorn HoldCo, Inc.) which was formed as a wholly-owned subsidiary of ADTRAN in order to consummate the transactions 
under  the  Business  Combination  Agreement.  Under  the  terms  of  the  Business  Combination  Agreement,  on  July  8,  2022,  Acorn 

Financial Information  97 

 
  
MergeCo, Inc, a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned direct subsidiary of the Company, merged with and into ADTRAN Holdings, 
Inc. leaving ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. surviving the Business Combination as a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of the Company. 

Additionally, pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, on July 15, 2022, the Company made a public offer to exchange each 
issued and outstanding no-par value bearer share of ADVA for 0.8244 shares of Company Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share of 
the Company. The Exchange Offer was settled on Exchange Offer Settlement Date, on which date the Company acquired 33,957,538 
bearer shares of ADVA, or 65.43% of ADVA’s outstanding bearer shares as of the Exchange Offer Settlement Date, in exchange for 
the issuance of an aggregate of 27,994,595 shares of Company Common Stock. Additionally, pursuant to the Business Combination 
Agreement, ADVA stock option holders were entitled to have their ADVA stock options assumed by ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. (applying 
the exchange ratio in the Business Combination Agreement), thereafter representing options to acquire stock of ADTRAN, Inc. The fair 
value of the ADVA stock options assumed by ADTRAN, Inc. was $12.8 million, estimated using the Monte Carlo method. 

ADTRAN, Inc. and ADVA became subsidiaries of ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. as a result of the Business Combination. ADTRAN was 
determined to be the accounting acquirer of ADVA based on ADTRAN shareholders’ majority equity stake in the combined company, 
the  composition  of  the  board  of  directors  and  senior  management  of  the  combined  company,  among  other  factors.  The  Business 
Combination of ADVA has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting as per the provisions of Accounting Standards 
Codification  805,  “Business  Combinations”  (“ASC  805”).  The  Business  Combination  Agreement  used  a  fixed  exchange  ratio  of 
Company Common Stock for ADVA shares of common stock, which resulted in a 36% equity stake for ADVA stockholders and 64% 
equity stake for ADTRAN stockholders in the post-closing combined company (calculated on a fully diluted basis and utilizing the 
tender  of  65.43%  of  ADVA’s  current  issued  and  outstanding  share  capital).  Therefore,  ADTRAN  shareholders  continue  to  hold  a 
majority  interest  in  the  combined  company  after  the  Business  Combination  was  completed.  Additionally,  the  Board  of  Directors  is 
comprised of six members from ADTRAN and three members from ADVA; the current ADTRAN chief executive officer acts as the 
chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and  the  former  ADVA  chief  executive  officer  as  the  vice  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 
Additionally,  the  current  ADTRAN  chief  executive  officer  and  ADTRAN  chief  financial  officer  hold  these  positions  within  the 
combined company. Based upon these and other considerations as outlined in ASC 805, ADTRAN represents the accounting acquirer. 

The following table summarizes the purchase price for the ADVA business combination: 

(In thousands, except shares, share price and exchange ratio) 

Purchase Price 

ADVA shares exchanged 
Exchange ratio 
ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. shares issued 
ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. share price on July 15, 2022 
Purchase price paid for ADVA shares 
Equity compensation (1) 

$ 
$ 
$ 
Total purchase price 
 $ 
(1) Represents the portion of replacement share-based payment awards that relates to pre-combination vesting. 

33,957,538 
0.8244 
27,994,595 
20.20 
565,491 
12,769 
578,260 

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized at their respective fair values as of July 15, 2022. In determining the fair value, 
the Company utilized various methods of the income, cost and market approaches depending on the asset or liability being fair valued. 
The estimation of fair value required significant judgment related to future net cash flows reflecting the risk inherent in each cash flow 
stream, competitive trends, market comparables and other factors. Inputs were generally determined by taking into account historical 
data, current and anticipated market conditions, and growth rates. 

Developed technology and customer relationships were valued using the multi-period excess earnings method. Backlog was valued 
using the distributor method. Significant assumptions used in the discounted cash flow analysis for (i) developed technology were the 
revenue growth rates, long-term revenue growth rate, discount rate, and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization 
(“EBITDA”) margins, obsolescence factors, income tax rate, tax depreciation, and economic depreciation; (ii) customer relationships 
were earnings before interest and taxes (“EBIT”) margins, contributory asset charges, and customer attrition rate; and (iii) backlog were 
EBIT margins, adjusted EBIT margins, and contributory asset charges. 

The allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed was subject to adjustment within the measurement 
period (up to one year from the acquisition date). The measurement period adjustments since initial preliminary estimates resulted from 
changes to the fair value estimates of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities based on finalizing the valuations of inventory, prepaid 
expenses and other current assets, property plant and equipment, intangible assets, other non-current assets and deferred tax assets and 
liabilities. The cumulative effect of all measurement period adjustments resulted in a decrease to recognized goodwill of $8.7 million.  

98  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation for each major class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed 
in the acquisition of ADVA (in thousands): 

(In thousands) 

Total purchase price 
Non-controlling interest 
Net Assets: 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable 
Other receivables 
Inventory 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 
Property plant and equipment 
Deferred tax assets 
Identifiable intangible assets 
Other non-current assets 
Accounts payable 
Current unearned revenue 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 
Income tax payable, net 
Current portion of notes payable 
Tax liabilities 
Non-current unearned revenue 
Pension liability 
Other non-current liabilities 
Non-current portion of revolving credit agreements and notes payable 
Non-current lease obligations 
Deferred tax liabilities 
Total net assets acquired 
Goodwill 

  $ 
  $ 

  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

578,260 
316,415 

44,003 
114,659 
1,457 
200,331 
28,208 
55,480 
1,759 
403,780 
31,074 
(98,587) 
(26,047) 
(59,600) 
(4,898) 
(25,254) 
(1,400) 
(11,498) 
(6,820) 
(6,094) 
(15,250) 
(20,046) 
(61,040) 
544,217 
350,458 

The allocation of the purchase price and fair value assessment of goodwill, deferred tax assets, and deferred tax liabilities continues to 
be preliminary. The acquisition accounting is subject to revision once the Company receives final information. It is possible that the 
final assessment of fair value may differ materially from the preliminary assessment. If the final assessment differs from this preliminary 
assessment,  the  measurement  period  adjustments  will  be  recorded  in  the  period  in  which  they  are  determined  as  if  they  had  been 
completed at the acquisition date. 

The preliminary fair value of the assets acquired include accounts receivable of $114.7 million and other receivables of $1.5 million. 
The unpaid principal balance under these receivables is $118.5 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The difference between the fair 
value and the unpaid principal balance primarily represents amounts expected to be uncollectible. 

The fair value of the identifiable intangible assets acquired as of the acquisition date: 

(In thousands) 

Developed technology 
Backlog 
Customer relationships   
Trade name 

Estimated-average useful 
life (in years) (1) 

8.5   $ 
1.4  
10.5  
2.8  

Fair value 

Income Statement Amortization Classification 

291,925     Cost of revenue - Network Solutions 

52,165     Cost of revenue - Network Solutions and Services & Support 
32,704     Selling, general and administrative expenses 
26,986     Selling, general and administrative expenses 

Total 
(1) Determination of the weighted average period of the individual categories of intangible assets was based on the nature of the applicable 
intangible asset and the expected future cash flows to be derived from the intangible asset. Amortization of intangible assets with definite 
lives is recognized over the period of time the assets are expected to contribute to future cash flows. 

403,780     

  $ 

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Based on 
preliminary estimates, the ADVA acquisition resulted in the recognition of goodwill of $350.5 million, which the Company believes is 
attributable  to  the  value  driven  by  the  Company’s  expected  growth  of  the  business,  synergies,  and  expanded  market  and  product 
opportunities. Goodwill created as a result of the ADVA acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes. 

After the Business Combination, the chief operating decision maker assessed and will continue to assess the Company’s performance 
and  allocate  resources  to  its  two  segments  (1)  Network  Solutions  and  (2)  Services  &  Support.  Based  on  preliminary  estimates,  the 
goodwill resulting from the Business Combination of $272.8 million was allocated to the Network Solutions segment, and $77.7 million 
was allocated to the Services & Support segment. See Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in this report 
for more information about the Company’s segments. 

Financial Information  99 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of the acquisition date, the fair value of the non-controlling interest was approximately $316.4 million and determined using a market 
approach. As a portion of ADVA shares will remain trading after the Business Combination, the non-controlling interest was calculated 
using 17,941,496 ADVA shares held by non-controlling interest multiplied by the ADVA closing share price of €17.58 ($17.64 using 
the July 15, 2022 EUR to USD conversion rate of $1.00318) on July 15, 2022. 

The Company included the financial results of ADVA in its consolidated financial statements since July 15, 2022, the acquisition date. 
The net revenue and net loss from the ADVA business since July 15, 2022, were $365.9 million and $12.9 million, respectively, which 
are included in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Loss. The net loss attributable to non-controlling interest from the ADVA 
business for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $6.9 million. 

As of December 31, 2022, the Company has incurred $26.1 million of transaction costs related to the Business Combination, of which 
$14.2 million and $11.9 million were incurred during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These transaction 
costs are recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Loss. 

Supplemental Pro Forma Information (Unaudited) 

The unaudited pro forma financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations for ADTRAN and 
ADVA as though the Business Combination had occurred on January 1, 2021. The pro forma amounts have been adjusted for differences 
in basis of accounting which are determined before taking into effect the impacts of purchase accounting and Business Combination 
accounting impacts. 

The following unaudited pro forma information is presented for illustrative purposes only. It is not necessarily indicative of the results 
of operations of future periods, the results of operations that actually would have been realized had the entities been a single company 
as of January 1, 2021, or the future operating results of the combined entities. The unaudited pro forma information does not give effect 
to the potential impact of current financial conditions, regulatory matters or any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies or cost 
savings that may be associated with the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma information also does not include any integration costs 
that the Company may incur related to the acquisition as part of combining the operations of the companies. 

(In thousands) 

For the Years Ended 
 December 31, 

2022 

2021 

Revenue 
Net loss attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 

$ 
$ 

1,410,296 
(46,204) 

$ 
$ 

1,210,201 
(91,423) 

Note 3 – Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash 

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance 
Sheet that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows: 

 (In thousands) 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Restricted cash 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 

December 31, 2022 

December 31, 2021 

  $ 

  $ 

108,644    $ 
—   
108,644    $ 

56,603 
215 
56,818 

100  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Note 4 - Revenue 

The following is a description of the principal activities from which revenue is generated by reportable segment: 

Network  Solutions  Segment  -  Includes  hardware  and  software  products  that  enable  a  digital  future  which  support  the  Company's 
Subscriber, Access and Aggregation, and Optical Networking Solutions. 

Services  &  Support  Segment  -  Includes  network  design,  implementation,  maintenance  and  cloud-hosted  services  supporting  the 
Company's Subscriber, Access and Aggregation, and Optical Networking Solutions. 

Revenue by Category 

In addition to the Company's reportable segments, revenue is also reported for the following three categories – Subscriber Solutions, 
Access & Aggregation Solutions and Optical Networking Solutions. 

Prior to the Business Combination with ADVA on July 15, 2022, ADTRAN reported revenue across the following three categories: (1) 
Access  &  Aggregation,  (2)  Subscriber  Solutions  &  Experience  and  (3)  Traditional  &  Other  Products.  Following  the  Business 
Combination with ADVA, we have recast these revenues such that ADTRAN’s former Access & Aggregation revenue is combined 
with a portion of the applicable ADVA solutions to create Access & Aggregation Solutions, ADTRAN’s former Subscriber Solutions 
& Experience revenue is combined with a portion of the applicable ADVA solutions to create Subscriber Solutions, and the revenue 
from Traditional & Other products is now included in the applicable Access & Aggregation Solutions or Subscriber Solutions category. 
Optical Networking Solutions is a new revenue category added to represent a meaningful portion of ADVA’s portfolio. 

Our Subscriber Solutions portfolio is used by service providers to terminate their access services infrastructure at the customer premises 
while providing an immersive and interactive experience for residential, business and wholesale subscribers. This revenue category 
includes  hardware-  and  software-based  products  and  services.  These  solutions  include  fiber  termination  solutions  for  residential, 
business and wholesale subscribers, Wi-Fi access solutions for residential and business subscribers, Ethernet switching and network 
edge virtualization solutions for business subscribers, and cloud software solutions covering a mix of subscriber types. 

Our Access & Aggregation Solutions are solutions that are used by communications service providers to connect residential subscribers, 
business subscribers and mobile radio networks to the service providers’ metro network, primarily through fiber-based connectivity. 
This revenue category includes hardware- and software-based products and services. Our solutions within this category are a mix of 
fiber access and aggregation platforms, precision network synchronization and timing solutions, and access orchestration solutions that 
ensure highly reliable and efficient network performance. 

Our Optical Networking Solutions are used by communications service providers, internet content providers and large-scale enterprises 
to securely interconnect metro and regional networks over fiber. This revenue category includes hardware- and software-based products 
and services. Our solutions within this category include open optical terminals, open line systems, optical subsystems and modules, 
network  infrastructure  assurance  systems,  and  automation  platforms  that  are  used  to  build  high-scale,  secure  and  assured  optical 
networks. 

The following table disaggregates revenue by reportable segment and revenue category for the year ended December 31, 2022: 

(In thousands) 
Subscriber Solutions 
Access & Aggregation Solutions 
Optical Networking Solutions 
Total 

Network Solutions 

  Services & Support 

Total 

  $ 

  $ 

364,238    $ 
326,934   
225,621   
916,793    $ 

26,216    $ 
47,068   
35,459   

108,743    $ 

390,454 
374,002 
261,080 
1,025,536 

The following table disaggregates revenue by reportable segment and revenue category for the year ended December 31, 2021: 

(In thousands) 
Subscriber Solutions 
Access & Aggregation Solutions 
Optical Networking Solutions 
Total 

  $ 

  $ 

189,825 
309,009 
— 
498,834    $ 

Network Solutions 

  Services & Support 
  $ 

  $ 

16,385 
47,785 
— 
64,170    $ 

Total 

206,210 
356,794 
— 
563,004 

The following table disaggregates revenue by reportable segment and revenue category for the year ended December 31, 2020: 

(In thousands) 
Subscriber Solutions 
Access & Aggregation Solutions 
Optical Networking Solutions 
Total 

  Network Solutions 
  $ 

  Services & Support 
  $ 

163,349 
274,666 
— 
438,015    $ 

  $ 

15,315 
53,180 
— 
68,495    $ 

  $ 

Total 

178,664 
327,846 
— 
506,510 

Financial Information  101 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
The aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations that have not been satisfied as of December 
31,  2022  and  December  31,  2021  related  to  contractual  maintenance  agreements,  contractual  SaaS  and  subscription  services,  and 
hardware contracts that exceed one year in duration amounted to $277.2 million and $101.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 
2022, approximately 66% is expected to be recognized over the next 12 months, and the remainder recognized thereafter. The majority 
of  the  Company's  remaining  performance  obligations  at  December  31,  2022  are  related  to  contracts  or  orders  that  have  an  original 
expected duration of one year or less, for which the Company is electing to utilize the practical expedient available within the guidance, 
and  are  excluded  from  the  transaction  price  related  to  these  future  obligations.  The  Company  will  generally  satisfy  the  remaining 
performance obligations as we transfer control of the products ordered or services to our customers, excluding maintenance services, 
which are satisfied over time. 

The  following  table  provides  information  about  accounts  receivable,  contract  assets  and  unearned  revenue  from  contracts  with 
customers: 

(In thousands) 

Accounts receivable 
Contract assets(1) 
Unearned revenue 
Non-current unearned revenue 

December 31, 2022 

December 31, 2021 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

279,435 
1,852 
41,193 
19,239 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

158,742 
464 
17,737 
9,271 

(1) Included in other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

The Company is party to a receivables purchase agreement with a third party financial institution (the “Factor”). As of December 31, 
2022, accounts receivable totaling $14.9 million were sold, of which $1.2 million was retained by the Factor in the reserve account. The 
balance in the reserve account is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2022, the Company 
has an allowance for doubtful accounts related to factored accounts receivable totaling less than $0.1 million. The cost of receivables 
purchase agreement is included in interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Loss and totaled $0.3 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2022. 

Of the outstanding unearned revenue balances as of December 31, 2021, $14.0 million was recognized as revenue during the year ended 
December 31, 2022, respectively. Of the outstanding unearned revenue balances as of December 31, 2020, $11.2 million was recognized 
as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Note 5 – Stock-Based Compensation 

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, PSUs, RSUs and restricted stock for the 
years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020: 

(In thousands) 
Stock-based compensation expense included in cost of revenue 

Selling, general and administrative expenses 
Research and development expenses 

Stock-based compensation expense included in operating expenses 
Total stock-based compensation expense 

Tax benefit for expense associated with non-qualified stock options, PSUs, RSUs 
and restricted stock 

Total stock-based compensation expense, net of tax 

 $ 

2022 

2021 

2020 

 $ 

2,876 
20,844 
4,602 
25,446 
28,322 

 $ 

543 
4,571 
2,366 
6,937 
7,480 

426 
4,036 
2,372 
6,408 
6,834 

(5,152) 
23,170 

 $ 

(1,849) 
5,631 

 $ 

(1,629) 
5,205 

 $ 

Stock Incentive Program Descriptions 

2020 Stock Incentive Plans 

At the annual meeting of stockholders held on May 13, 2020, the Company’s stockholders approved, upon recommendation of the Board 
of  Directors,  the  adoption  of  the  ADTRAN,  Inc.  2020  Employee  Stock  Incentive  Plan  (the  “2020  Employee  Plan”)  as  well  as  the 
ADTRAN, Inc. 2020 Directors Stock Plan (the “2020 Directors Plan”), which were assumed by the Company upon consummation of 
the  Merger.  No  additional  awards  will  be  granted  under  the  Company’s  previous  stock  incentive  plans,  the  ADTRAN,  Inc.  2015 
Employee Stock Incentive Plan (the “2015 Employee Plan”) or the 2010 Directors Stock Plan (the “2010 Directors Plan”) subsequent 
to  the  stockholders’  approval  of  these  new  stock  plans.  Outstanding  awards  granted  under  the  2015  Employee  Plan  and  the  2010 
Directors Plan will remain subject to the terms of such plans, and shares underlying awards granted under such plans that are cancelled 
or forfeited will be available for issuance under the 2020 Employee Plan or the 2020 Directors Plan, as applicable. 

102  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
Under the 2020 Employee Plan, the Company is authorized to issue 2.8 million shares of common stock to certain employees, key 
service providers and advisors through incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSUs and 
restricted  stock,  any  of  which  may  be  subject  to  performance-based  conditions.  RSUs  and  restricted  stock  granted  under  the  2020 
Employee Plan will typically vest pursuant to a four-year vesting schedule beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date. Stock 
options granted under the 2020 Employee Plan will typically become exercisable beginning after one year of continued employment, 
normally pursuant to a four-year vesting schedule beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date and have a ten-year contractual 
term. Stock options, RSUs and restricted stock granted under the 2020 Employee Plan reduce the shares authorized for issuance under 
the 2020 Employee Plan by one share of common stock for each share underlying the award. Forfeitures, cancellations or expirations of 
awards  granted  under  the  2015  Employee  Plan  increase  the  shares  authorized  for  issuance  under  the  2020  Employee  Plan,  with 
forfeitures,  cancellations  or  expirations  of  RSUs  and  restricted  stock  increasing  the  shares  authorized  for  issuance  by  2.5  shares  of 
common stock for each share underlying the award. Forfeitures, cancellations or expirations of stock options from the 2015 Employee 
Plan increase the shares authorized for issuance under the 2020 Employee Plan by one share of common stock for each share underlying 
the award. 

Under the 2020 Directors Plan, the Company is authorized to issue 0.4 million shares of common stock through stock options, restricted 
stock and RSUs to non-employee directors. Stock awards issued under the 2020 Directors Plan typically will become vested in full on 
the first anniversary of the grant date. Stock options issued under the 2020 Directors Plan will have a ten-year contractual term. Stock 
options, restricted stock and RSUs granted under the 2020 Directors Plan reduce the shares authorized for issuance under the 2020 
Directors Plan by one share of common stock for each share underlying the award. Forfeitures, cancellations and expirations of awards 
granted under the 2010 Directors Stock Plan increase the shares authorized for issuance under the 2020 Directors Plan by one share of 
common stock for each share underlying the award.  

Previous Stock Incentive Plans 

In January 2015, the Board of Directors adopted the 2015 Employee Plan, which authorized 7.7 million shares of common stock for 
issuance to certain employees and officers through incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, 
PSUs, RSUs and restricted stock. The 2015 Employee Plan was adopted by stockholder approval at our annual meeting of stockholders 
held in May 2015. PSUs, RSUs and restricted stock granted under the 2015 Plan reduce the shares authorized for issuance under the 
2015 Employee Plan by 2.5 shares of common stock for each share underlying the award. Options granted under the 2015 Employee 
Plan typically become exercisable beginning after one year of continued employment, normally pursuant to a four-year vesting schedule 
beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date and have a ten-year contractual term. Expiration dates of options outstanding as of 
December 31, 2022 under the 2015 Employee Plan range from 2025 to 2026.  

In January 2006, the Board of Directors adopted the ADTRAN, Inc. 2006 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”), which 
authorized 13.0 million shares of common stock for issuance to officers and certain employees through incentive stock options and non-
qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSUs and restricted stock. Options granted under the 2006 Plan typically become 
exercisable beginning after one year of continued employment, normally pursuant to a four-year vesting schedule beginning on the first 
anniversary of the grant date and had a ten-year contractual term. The 2006 Plan was replaced in May 2015 by the 2015 Employee Plan. 
Expiration dates of options outstanding as of December 31, 2022 under the 2006 Plan range from 2022 to 2024. 

In May 2010, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2010 Directors Plan, under which 0.5 million shares of common stock have 
been reserved for issuance. This plan replaced the 2005 Directors Stock Option Plan. Under the 2010 Directors Plan, the Company may 
issue stock options, restricted stock and RSUs to our non-employee directors. Stock awards issued under the 2010 Directors Plan become 
vested in full on the first anniversary of the grant date. Options issued under the 2010 Directors Plan had a ten-year contractual term. 
All remaining options under the 2010 Directors Plan expired in 2019. 

Financial Information  103 

 
  
 
 
PSUs, RSUs and restricted stock - ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 

The  following  table  is  a  summary  of  our  PSUs,  RSUs  and  restricted  stock  outstanding  as  of  December 31,  2021  and  2022  and  the 
changes that occurred during 2022: 

Unvested PSUs, RSUs and restricted stock outstanding, December 31, 2021 

PSUs, RSUs and restricted stock granted 
PSUs, RSUs and restricted stock vested 
PSUs, RSUs and restricted stock forfeited 

Unvested PSUs, RSUs and restricted stock outstanding, December 31, 2022 

Number of 
shares (In 
thousands) 

Weighted 
Average Grant 
Date Fair Value   
14.11 
20.56 
12.81 
14.22 
17.54 

 $ 
1,930 
645 
 $ 
(1,440)   $ 
(49)   $ 
 $ 

1,086 

The following table details the significant assumptions that impact the fair value estimate of the market-based PSUs: 

Estimated fair value per share 
Expected volatility 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected dividend yield 

 $

24.01 
 $
45.77%   
4.28%   
1.76%   

26.07 
$
53.27%   
0.85%   
1.63%   

14.43 
51.88%
0.24%
2.85%

2022 

2021 

2020 

104  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
   
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
For  market-based  PSUs,  the  number  of  shares  of  common  stock  earned  by  a  recipient  is  subject  to  a  market  condition  based  on 
ADTRAN’s relative total shareholder return against all companies in the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index at the end of a three-
year performance period. Depending on the relative total shareholder return over the performance period, the recipient may earn from 
0% to 150% of the shares underlying the PSUs, with the shares earned distributed upon the vesting. The fair value of the award is based 
on the market price of our common stock on the date of grant, adjusted for the expected outcome of the impact of market conditions 
using a Monte Carlo Simulation valuation method. A portion of the granted PSUs vests and the underlying shares become deliverable 
upon the death or disability of the recipient or upon a change of control of ADTRAN, as defined by the 2020 Employee Plan. The 
recipients of the PSUs receive dividend credits based on the shares of common stock underlying the PSUs. The dividend credits vest 
and are earned in the same manner as the PSUs and are paid in cash upon the issuance of common stock for the PSUs. 

During each of the years ended December, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company granted 0.3 million performance-based PSUs to its 
executive officers and certain employees. The grant-date fair value of these performance-based awards was based on the closing price 
of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. These awards vest over one-year, two-year and three-year periods, respectively, subject to 
the grantee’s continued employment, with the ability to earn shares in a range of 0% to 142.8% of the awarded number of PSUs based 
on the achievement of defined performance targets. Equity-based compensation expense with respect to these awards may be adjusted 
over the vesting period to reflect the probability of achievement of performance targets defined in the award agreements. Pursuant to 
the  Business  Combination,  the  unearned  performance-based  PSUs  converted  to  time-based  RSUs  which  were  treated  as  an  award 
modification during the third quarter of 2022. This resulted in incremental compensation expense totaling $17.8 million being recognized 
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. These awards were fully vested as of December 31, 2022. 

Pursuant to the Business Combination, 0.3 million shares of market-based PSU awards converted to time-based RSU's awards which 
were treated as an award modification during the third quarter of 2022. Given that the fair value of these awards after the modification 
was less than the fair value of the awards immediately before the modification, no incremental compensation expense was recognized. 
The Company continued to recognize compensation expense based on the award's original grant date fair value. As of December 31, 
2022, there was $1.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to these awards which will be recognized over the weighted 
average remaining service period of 1.57 years. 

The fair value of RSUs and restricted stock is equal to the closing price of our stock on the grant date. RSUs and restricted stock vest 
ratably over four-year and one-year periods, respectively. 

We will continue to assess the assumptions and methodologies used to calculate the estimated fair value of stock-based compensation. 
If circumstances change, and additional data becomes available over time, we may change our assumptions and methodologies, which 
may materially impact our fair value determination. 

As of December 31, 2022, total unrecognized compensation expense related to the non-vested portion of market-based PSUs, RSUs and 
restricted stock was approximately $15.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over an average remaining recognition period of 
2.25 years and will be adjusted for actual forfeitures as they occur. 

As of December 31, 2022, 3.3 million shares were available for issuance under shareholder-approved equity plans in connection with 
the grant and exercise of stock options, PSU’s, RSU’s or restricted stock. 

Stock Options - ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 

The following table is a summary of stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and the changes that occurred during 
2022: 

Stock options outstanding, December 31, 2021 

ADVA stock options replaced by ADTRAN Holdings stock options(1) 
Stock options exercised 
Stock options forfeited 
Stock options expired 

Stock options outstanding, December 31, 2022 
Stock options exercisable, December 31, 2022 
(1) Each ADVA stock option surrendered was exchanged for 0.8244 ADTRAN Holdings stock options. 

Number of 
Options 
(In 
thousands) 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 

1,721   $ 
2,094   $ 
(519)  $ 
(10)  $ 
(138)  $ 
3,148   $ 
1,711   $ 

(Per share)     
19.37    
11.12   
15.70   
10.28   
22.73   
14.37    
15.95    

Weighted Avg. 
Remaining 
Contractual Life
in Years 

Aggregate 
Intrinsic Value 
(In thousands)   
6,669 

2.39   $ 

3.42   $ 
1.95   $ 

16,251 
7,104 

Financial Information  105 

 
  
  
 
 
   
   
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
As  of  December  31,  2022,  there  was  $8.3  million  of  unrecognized  compensation  expense  related  to  stock  options  which  will  be 
recognized over the remaining weighted-average period of 2.4 years. 

Pursuant to the Business Combination, which closed on July 15, 2022, ADVA stock option holders were entitled to have their ADVA 
stock  options  assumed  by  ADTRAN  Holdings  (applying  the  exchange  ratio  in  the  Business  Combination  Agreement),  thereafter 
representing options to acquire stock of ADTRAN Holdings. The maximum number of shares of ADTRAN Holdings stock potentially 
issuable upon such assumption was 2.3 million shares. The period in which such options could be assumed ended July 22, 2022. A total 
of 2.1 million shares of ADTRAN Holdings stock are subject to assumed ADVA options. The determination of the fair value of stock 
options assumed by ADTRAN Holdings was estimated using the Monte Carlo method and is affected by its stock price, as well as 
assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables that may have a significant impact on the fair value estimate. The 
stock option pricing model requires the use of several assumptions that impact the fair value estimate. These variables include, but are 
not limited to, the volatility of the Company's stock price and employee exercise behaviors. 

All of the options were previously issued at exercise prices that approximated fair market value at the date of grant. 

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between ADTRAN’s closing 
stock price on the last trading day of the quarter and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would 
have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2022. The amount of aggregate 
intrinsic value was $16.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and will change based on the fair market value of ADTRAN’s stock. The 
total pre-tax intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $4.0 million. 

The following table further describes our stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2022: 

Range of 
Exercise Prices 
$6.06 – $8.67 
$8.68 – $13.74 
$13.75 – $17.15 
$17.16 – $21.36 
$21.37 – $23.64 

Options 
Outstanding at 
December 31, 2022 
(In thousands) 

Options Outstanding 
Weighted Avg. 
Remaining 
Contractual Life 
in Years 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 

Options Exercisable 

Options 
Exercisable at 
December 31, 2022 
(In thousands) 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 

755 
833 
427 
679 
454 
3,148 

3.21 
4.65 
3.27 
3.92 
0.83 

 $ 
 $ 
 $ 
 $ 
 $ 

7.37 
11.45 
15.33 
19.02 
23.64 

 $ 
 $ 
 $ 
 $ 
 $ 

320 
207 
368 
369 
447 
1,711 

6.47 
9.63 
15.33 
18.97 
23.64 

The Black-Scholes option pricing model (the “Black-Scholes Model”) is used to determine the estimated fair value of stock option 
awards on the date of grant. The Black-Scholes Model requires the input of certain assumptions that involve judgment. Because our 
stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the input assumptions can 
materially affect the fair value estimate, existing models may not provide reliable measures of fair value of our stock options. The stock 
option pricing model requires the use of several assumptions that impact the fair value estimate. These variables include, but are not 
limited to, the volatility of our stock price and employee exercise behaviors. 

The stock option pricing model requires the use of several assumptions that impact the fair value estimate. These variables include, but 
are not limited to, the volatility of our stock price and employee exercise behaviors. 

The weighted-average estimated fair value of stock options granted to employees during the year ended December 31,2022 was $5.81 
per share with the following weighted-average assumptions: 

Expected volatility 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected dividend yield 
Expected life (in years) 

There were no stock options granted in during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. 

2022 

45.00%
3.00%
1.77%
2.4 

106  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
Stock Options - ADVA Optical Networking SE 

The following table summarizes ADVA Optical Networking SE stock options outstanding as of July 15, 2022 (the Business Combination 
closing date) and December 31, 2022 and the changes that occurred between July 15, 2022 and December 31, 2022: 

Number of 
Options 

(In thousands)     

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise Price 
(Per share) 

Weighted Avg. 
Remaining 
Contractual Life 
in Years 

Aggregate 
Intrinsic Value 
(In thousands)   
27,205  
 $ 

4.60 

Stock options outstanding, July 15, 2022 

Stock options exercised 
ADVA stock options replaced by ADTRAN Holdings stock 
options(1) 
Stock options forfeited 

Stock options outstanding, December 31, 2022 
Stock options exercisable, December 31, 2022 

2,745 
 $ 
(102)   $ 

(2,550)   $ 
(12)   $ 
 $ 
81 
 $ 
27 

9.09 
8.02 

9.80 
9.57 
8.58 
7.37 

4.00 
2.39 

 $ 
 $ 

1,222  
432  

(1) Each ADVA stock option surrendered was exchanged for 0.8244 ADTRAN Holdings stock options. 

As  of  December  31,  2022,  there  was  $0.1  million  of  unrecognized  compensation  expense  related  to  stock  options  which  will  be 
recognized over the remaining weighted-average period of 1.17 years. 

All of the options were previously issued at exercise prices that approximated fair market value at the date of grant. 

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between ADVA's closing stock 
price on the last trading day of the quarter and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have 
been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2022. The amount of aggregate 
intrinsic value was $1.2 million as of December 31, 2022 and will change based on the fair market value of ADVA's stock. The total 
pre-tax intrinsic value of options exercised during the period July 15, 2022 through December 31, 2022 was $1.6 million. 

The following table further describes ADVA's stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2022: 

Range of 
Exercise Prices 
€4.98 - €7.05 
€7.06 - €8.70 
€8.71 - €15.68 

Options 
Outstanding at 
December 31, 2022 
(In thousands) 

Options Outstanding 
Weighted Avg. 
Remaining 
Contractual Life 
in Years 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 

Options Exercisable 

Options 
Exercisable at 
December 31, 2022 
(In thousands) 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 

35 
18 
28 
81 

3.52 
2.60 
5.48 

 $ 
 $ 
 $ 

6.97 
8.41 
10.73 

 $ 
 $ 
 $ 

9 
18 
— 
27 

5.34 
8.41 
— 

Note 6 – Investments 

Debt Securities and Other Investments 

As of December 31, 2022, the following debt securities and other investments were included in short-term investments and long-term 
investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and recorded at fair value: 

(In thousands) 

Corporate bonds 
Municipal fixed-rate bonds 
Asset-backed bonds 
Mortgage/Agency-backed bonds 
U.S. government bonds 
Foreign government bonds 

Available-for-sale debt securities held at fair value 

 $ 

  Amortized 

Cost 

Gross Unrealized 

Gains 

Losses 

Fair 
Value 

 $ 

2,538   $ 
185   
818    
1,853   
3,870    
407   
9,671   $ 

5   $ 

1    

3    

9   $ 

(81 )   $
(5 )    
(24 )    
(105 )    
(188 )    
(24 )    
(427 )   $

2,462  
180  
795  
1,748  
3,685  
383  
9,253  

Financial Information  107 

 
  
 
 
 
   
   
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
  
   
  
  
   
  
  
   
As of December 31, 2021, the following debt securities and other investments were included in short-term investments and long-term 
investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and recorded at fair value: 

(In thousands) 

Corporate bonds 
Municipal fixed-rate bonds 
Asset-backed bonds 
Mortgage/Agency-backed bonds 
U.S. government bonds 
Foreign government bonds 

Available-for-sale debt securities held at fair value 

 $ 

  Amortized 

Cost 

Gross Unrealized 

Gains 

Losses 

Fair 
Value 

 $ 

10,776    $ 
1,553     
322     
4,754     
12,251     
543     
30,199    $ 

6   $
2    
3    
15    
12    
—    
38   $

(35 )   $
(4 )    
(3 )    
(33 )    
(92 )    
(4 )    
(171 )   $

10,747  
1,551  
322  
4,736  
12,171  
539  
30,066  

As of December 31, 2022, our debt securities had the following contractual maturities: 

(In thousands) 
Less than one year 
One to two years 
Two to three years 
Three to five years 
Five to ten years 
More than ten years 
Total 

Corporate 
bonds 

Municipal 
fixed-rate 
bonds 

Asset-backed 
bonds 

Mortgage / 
Agency-backed 
bonds 

U.S. 
government 
bonds 

Foreign 
government 
bonds 

 $ 

 $ 

— 
1,450 
1,012 
— 
— 
— 
2,462 

 $ 

 $ 

180 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
180 

 $ 

 $ 

—  
96  
186  
335  
—  
178  
795  

 $ 

 $ 

— 
162 
598 
253 
317 
418 
1,748 

 $ 

 $ 

160 
2,787 
617 
121 
— 
— 
3,685 

 $ 

 $ 

— 
276 
107 
— 
— 
— 
383 

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as some borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without 
call or prepayment penalties. 

Realized gains and losses on sales of securities are computed under the specific identification method. The following table presents 
gross realized gains and losses related to our debt securities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020: 

(In thousands) 

Gross realized gains on debt securities 
Gross realized losses on debt securities 
Total (loss) gain recognized, net 

For the year ended December 31, 
2021 

2022 

2020 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 
17  
(1,211 )    
(1,194 )   $ 

241 
 $ 
(159)    
 $ 
82 

459 
(58) 
401 

The Company’s investment policy provides limitations for issuer concentration, which limits, at the time of purchase, the concentration 
in any one issuer to 5% of the market value of the total investment portfolio. The Company did not purchase any available-for-sale debt 
with credit deterioration during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. 

The following table presents the breakdown of debt securities and other investments with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2022: 

Continuous Unrealized 
Loss Position for Less 
than 12 Months 

Continuous Unrealized 
Loss Position for 12 
Months or Greater 

Total 

  Fair Value     
 $ 

 $ 

Unrealized 
Losses 

    Fair Value     

Unrealized 
Losses 

    Fair Value     

Unrealized 
Losses 

(39)   $ 
— 
(14)    
(23)    
(106)    
— 
(182)   $ 

583 
178 
117 
844 
1,063 
383 
3,168 

 $ 

 $ 

(42)   $ 
(5)    
(10)    
(82)    
(82)    
(24)    
(245)   $ 

1,950 
180 
641 
1,668 
3,278 
383 
8,100 

 $ 

 $ 

(81) 
(5) 
(24) 
(105) 
(188) 
(24) 
(427) 

1,367 
— 
524 
825 
2,215 
— 
4,931 

 $ 

 $ 

(In thousands) 
Corporate bonds 
Municipal fixed-rate bonds 
Asset-backed bonds 
Mortgage/Agency-backed bonds 
U.S. government bonds 
Foreign government bonds 
Total 

108  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 The following table presents the breakdown of debt securities and other investments with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2021: 

Continuous Unrealized 
Loss Position for Less 
than 12 Months 

Continuous Unrealized 
Loss Position for 12 
Months or Greater 

Total 

(In thousands) 
Corporate bonds 
Municipal fixed-rate bonds 
Asset-backed bonds 
Mortgage/Agency-backed bonds 
U.S. government bonds 
Foreign government bonds 
Total 

Unrealized 
Losses 

    Fair Value     

Unrealized 
Losses 

  Fair Value     
 $  6,795 
1,129 
198 
3,006 
   10,552 
294 
 $  21,974 

 $ 

 $ 

(35 )   $ 
(4 )    
(3 )    
(33 )    
(92 )    
(4 )    
(171 )   $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

 $ 

 $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

    Fair Value     
 $  6,795 
1,129 
198 
3,006 
   10,552 
294 
 $  21,974 

 $ 

Unrealized 
Losses 

 $ 

(35) 
(4) 
(3) 
(33) 
(92) 
(4) 
(171) 

The increase in unrealized losses during 2022 resulted from changes in market positions associated with our fixed income portfolio. 

Marketable Equity Securities 

Marketable equity securities consist of publicly traded stock, funds and certain other investments measured at fair value or cost, where 
appropriate. 

Realized and unrealized gains and losses for our marketable equity securities for the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 
were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Realized losses on equity securities sold 
Unrealized (losses) gains on equity securities held 
Total (loss) gain recognized, net 

For the year ended December 31, 

2022 

2021 

2019 

 $ 

 $ 

(1,675)  $ 
(8,470) 
(10,145)  $ 

(992)  $ 
2,671 
1,679  $ 

(2,382) 
6,831 
4,449 

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, gross unrealized losses related to individual investments in a continuous loss position for twelve 
months or longer were not material. 

U.S. GAAP establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy based upon observable and unobservable inputs for fair value measurement of 
financial instruments: 

 

 

 

Level 1 – Observable outputs; values based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market; 

Level 2 – Significant inputs that are observable; values based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs 
that are observable either directly or indirectly; 

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs; values based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both 
unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement; inputs could include information supplied by investees. 

Financial Information  109 

 
  
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
The Company’s cash equivalents and investments held at fair value are categorized into this hierarchy as follows: 

Marketable equity securities - various industries 
Deferred compensation plan assets 

Total 

804 
22,942 
33,227 

 $ 

804 
22,942 
27,659 

 $ 

 $ 

5,568 

 $ 

(In thousands) 
Cash equivalents 

Money market funds 

Available-for-sale debt securities 

Corporate bonds 
Municipal fixed-rate bonds 
Asset-backed bonds 
Mortgage/Agency-backed bonds 
U.S. government bonds 
Foreign government bonds 
Marketable equity securities 

(In thousands) 
Cash equivalents 

Money market funds 

Available-for-sale debt securities 

Corporate bonds 
Municipal fixed-rate bonds 
Asset-backed bonds 
Mortgage/Agency-backed bonds 
U.S. government bonds 
Foreign government bonds 
Marketable equity securities 

Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022 Using 

Quoted Prices 
in Active 
Market for  
Identical 
Assets  
(Level 1) 

Significant 
Other 
Observable 
Inputs  
(Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs  
(Level 3) 

Fair Value 

 $ 

228 

 $ 

228 

 $ 

2,462 
180 
795 
1,748 
3,685 
383 

2,462 
180 
795 
1,748 

383 

3,685 

Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2021 Using 

Quoted Prices 
in Active 
Market for  
Identical 
Assets  
(Level 1) 

Significant 
Other 
Observable 
Inputs  
(Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs  
(Level 3) 

Fair Value 

 $ 

652 

 $ 

652 

 $ 

— 

 $ 

10,747 
1,551 
322 
4,736 
12,171 
539 

12,606 
26,935 
70,259 

 $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
12,171 
— 

12,606 
26,935 
52,364 

 $ 

10,747 
1,551 
322 
4,736 
— 
539 

— 
— 
17,895 

 $ 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 

Marketable equity securities - various industries 
Deferred compensation plan assets 

Total 

 $ 

The fair value of our Level 2 securities is calculated using a weighted average market price for each security. Market prices are obtained 
from a variety of industry standard data providers, large financial institutions and other third-party sources. These multiple market prices 
are used as inputs into a distribution-curve-based algorithm to determine the daily market value of each security. 

The fair value of Level 3 securities is calculated based on unobservable inputs. Quantitative information with respect to unobservable 
inputs consisted of third-party valuations performed in accordance with ASC 820 – Fair Value Measurement. Inputs used in preparing 
the third-party valuation included the following assumptions, among others: estimated discount rates and fair market yields. 

Our variable rate demand notes have a structure that implies a standard expected market price. The frequent interest rate resets make it 
reasonable to expect the price to stay at par. These securities are priced at the expected market price. 

110  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Note 7 – Inventory 

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, inventory, net was comprised of the following: 

(In thousands) 
Raw materials 
Work in process 
Finished goods 
Total Inventory, net 

2022 
186,346   $ 
12,087    
229,098    
427,531   $ 

2021 

74,709 
2,143 
63,039 
139,891 

 $

 $

Inventory reserves are established for estimated excess and obsolete inventory equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory 
and the estimated net realizable value of the inventory based on estimated reserve percentages, which consider historical usage, known 
trends, inventory age and market conditions. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our inventory reserve was $57.0 million and $44.6 
million, respectively. 

Note 8 – Property, Plant and Equipment 

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, property, plant and equipment, net was comprised of the following: 

(In thousands) 
Engineering and other equipment 
Building 
Computer hardware and software 
Building and land improvements 
Furniture and fixtures 
Land 
Total Property, Plant and Equipment 
Less: accumulated depreciation 
Total Property, Plant and Equipment, net 

2022 
170,785   $ 
82,932    
80,455    
47,861    
22,403    
5,364    
409,800    
(299,101)   
110,699   $ 

2021 
134,771 
68,157 
72,274 
35,578 
19,917 
4,575 
335,272 
(279,506) 
55,766 

 $

 $

Long-lived assets used in operations are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying 
amount of an asset may not be recoverable and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset are less than the 
asset’s carrying value. In connection with the planned integration of information technology following the Business Combination, we 
determined that certain projects no longer fit our needs. As a result, the Company recognized impairment charges of $0.5 million during 
the year ended December 31, 2022 related to software and web site development. The impairment charges were determined based on 
actual  costs  incurred.  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  no  impairment  charges  were  recognized.  During  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020, the Company recognized impairment charges of $0.1 million. 

Depreciation  expense  was  $20.9  million,  $12.0  million  and  $12.2  million  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020, 
respectively, which is recorded in cost of revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses 
in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. 

Financial Information  111 

 
  
  
 
   
 
  
  
 
  
 
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Note 9 – Leases 

We have operating leases for office space, automobiles and various other equipment in the U.S. and in certain international locations. 
As of December 31, 2022, our operating leases had remaining lease terms of one month to 119 months, some of which included options 
to extend the leases for up to five years, and some of which included options to terminate the leases within three months. Supplemental 
balance sheet information related to operating leases is as follows: 

Classification 

December 31, 
2022 

December 31, 
2021 

(In thousands) 
Assets 
Operating lease assets 
Total lease asset 

  Other non-current assets 

Liabilities 
Current operating lease liability 
Non-current operating lease liability 
Total lease liability 

  Accrued expenses and other liabilities 
  Other non-current liabilities 

 $ 
 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

30,340 
30,340 

 $ 
 $ 

7,596 
22,807 
30,403 

 $ 

 $ 

4,922 
4,922 

1,730 
3,269 
4,999 

Lease expense related to short-term leases was less than $0.1 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, 
and  is  included  in  cost  of  revenue,  selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  and  research  and  development  expenses  in  the 
Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. Lease expense related to variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate, 
such as real estate taxes and insurance reimbursements, was $0.6 million, $0.5 million and $0.7 million for the twelve months ended 
December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. 

The components of lease expense included in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Cost of revenue 
Research and development expenses 
Selling, general and administrative expenses 
Total operating lease expense 

2022 

For the Year Ended December 31, 
2021 

2020 

110 
942 
3,961 
5,013 

 $ 

 $ 

51 
1,071 
883 
2,005 

 $ 

 $ 

113 
1,121 
1,311 
2,545 

 $ 

 $ 

As of December 31, 2022, operating lease liabilities included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet by future maturity were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
2023 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
Thereafter 
Total lease payments 
Less: Interest 
Present value of lease liabilities 

Amount 

8,992 
8,076 
6,740 
3,825 
2,865 
4,478 
34,976 
(4,573) 
30,403 

  $ 

Future  operating  lease  payments  include  $4.4  million  related  to  options  to  extend  lease  terms  that  are  reasonably  certain  of  being 
exercised. There are no legally binding leases that have not yet commenced. 

An incremental borrowing rate is used based on information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of 
lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is determined on a portfolio basis by grouping leases with similar terms, as well as 
grouping leases based on a U.S. dollar or Euro functional currency. The following table provides information about our weighted average 
lease terms and weighted average discount rates:  

Weighted average remaining lease term (years) 
     Operating leases with USD functional currency 
     Operating leases with Euro functional currency 
Weighted average discount rate 
     Operating leases with USD functional currency 
     Operating leases with Euro functional currency 
112  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

As of  December 31, 

2022 

2021 

7.9 
4.2 

3.77%   
3.70%   

1.8  
3.5  

3.49 %
1.22 %

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
  
   
 
   
 
  
   
 
  
  
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
Note 10 – Goodwill  

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2022 are as follows: 

(In thousands) 
As of December 31, 2021 
Goodwill from Business Combination with ADVA 
Foreign currency translation adjustments 
As of December 31, 2022 

  Network Solutions 
 $ 

6,570  
272,797  
18,913  
298,280  

Services & Support 

Total 

 $ 

 $ 

398 
77,661 
5,385 
83,444 

 $ 

 $ 

6,968 
350,458 
24,298 
381,724 

 $ 

Our general policy is to qualitatively assess the carrying value of goodwill each reporting period for events or changes in circumstances 
that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. Related to the Business Combination 
with ADVA the Company recognized $350.5 million of goodwill upon the merger on July 15, 2022. Therefore, we decided to proceed 
directly to the quantitative test of goodwill and forego the qualitative assessment. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units based 
on an income approach, whereby we calculate the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. 
A discounted cash flow analysis requires us to make various judgmental assumptions about future sales, operating margins, growth rates 
and discount rates, which are based on our budgets, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and market 
participants.  We  also  estimate  the  fair  value  of  our  reporting  units  based  on  a  peer  group  analysis,  whereby  companies  in  the 
telecommunications  industry  or  with  a  comparable  product  and  market  structure  are  used  to  calculate  a  fair  enterprise  value  using 
revenue, EBITDA and debt multiples of trading value. Based on our analysis, management concluded that there was no impairment of 
goodwill as of December 31, 2022. No impairment charges on goodwill were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2021 
and 2020. 

Note 11 – Intangible Assets 

Intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consisted of the following: 

2022 

2021 

(In thousands) 
Customer relationships 
Backlog 
Developed technology 
Licensed technology 
Licensing agreements 
Patents 
Trade names 
Total 

Weighted 
Average Useful 
Life 
(in years) 

Accumulated 
Amortization      Net Value 
 $ 

    Gross Value     

    Gross Value     

10.9 
1.6 
8.5 
9.0 
8.5 
7.3 
3.0 

 $ 

55,517 
55,782 
320,364 
5,900 
560 
500 
29,066 
 $  467,689 

 $ 

(12,772)   $ 
(22,725)    
(21,856)    
(3,141)    
(298)    
(431)    
(5,255)    

42,745 
33,057 
298,508 
2,759 
262 
69 
23,811 
(66,478)   $  401,211 

 $ 

 $ 

20,796 
— 
8,200 
5,900 
560 
500 
210 
36,166 

Accumulated 
Amortization      Net Value 
 $ 

(9,906)   $ 
— 
(3,683)    
(2,486)    
(225)    
(363)    
(210)    
(16,873)   $ 

10,890 
— 
4,517 
3,414 
335 
137 
— 
19,293 

 $ 

As part of the purchase price allocation related to the Business Combination with ADVA, the Company recognized $403.8 million of 
intangible  assets  on  July  15,  2022.  Intangible  assets  are  reviewed  for  impairment  whenever  events  and  circumstances  indicate 
impairment may have occurred. The Company assessed impairment triggers related to intangible assets during each financial period in 
2022, 2021 and 2020. As a result, no quantitative impairment test of long-lived assets was performed as of December 31, 2022, 2021 
and 2020, and no impairment losses of intangible assets were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. 

Amortization  expense  was  $47.3  million,  $4.1  million  and  $4.4  million  for  the  years  ended  December 31,  2022,  2021  and  2020, 
respectively, and was included in cost of revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses 
in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. 

As of December 31, 2022, estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets was as follows: 

(In thousands) 
2023 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
Thereafter 
Total 

Amount 

82,080 
57,545 
46,095 
42,851 
41,491 
131,149 
401,211 

 $ 

 $ 

Financial Information  113 

 
  
 
 
   
   
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
Note 12 - Hedging 

The Company has certain forward rate agreements to hedge foreign currency exposure of expected future cash flows in foreign currency. 
The Company does not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. Derivatives are initially recognized 
at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured to their fair value at the end of each 
reporting period. All changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are recognized as other income (expense) in the Consolidated 
Statements of Income. The derivative instruments are not subject to master netting agreements and are not offset in the Consolidated 
Balance Sheets. We are exposed to risk from credit-related losses resulting from nonperformance by counterparties to our financial 
instruments. We perform credit evaluations of our counterparties under forward exchange contracts and expect all counterparties to meet 
their obligations. We have not experienced credit losses from our counterparties. 
 As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 47 forward rate contracts outstanding.  

Foreign Currency Hedging Agreement 

On November 3, 2022, the Company entered into a Euro/U.S. dollar cross-currency swap arrangement (the “Swap”) with Wells Fargo 
Bank, N.A. (the “Hedge Counterparty”). The Swap, which is governed by the provisions of an ISDA Master Agreement (including 
schedules thereto and transaction confirmations that supplement such agreement) entered into between the Company and the Hedge 
Counterparty, enable the Company to convert a portion of its Euro denominated payment obligations under the proposed DPLTA into 
U.S. Dollars. Under the Swap, the Company will exchange an aggregate notional amount of $160.0 million U.S. dollars for Euros at a 
daily fixed forward rate ranging from $0.98286 to $1.03290. The aggregate amount of $160.0 million will be divided into eight quarterly 
tranches of $20.0 million. The Company, at its sole discretion, may exchange all or part of each tranche on any given day within the 
applicable quarter; provided, however, that it must exchange the full tranche by the end of such quarter. The Swap may be accelerated 
or terminated early for a number of reasons, including but not limited to (i) non-payment by the Company or the Hedge Counterparty, 
(ii) breach of representation or warranty or covenant by either party or (iii) insolvency or bankruptcy of either party. 

The fair values of the Company's derivative instruments recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 
2022 were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (Level 2): 
Foreign exchange contracts – derivative assets 
Foreign exchange contracts – derivative liabilities 
Total derivatives 

Balance Sheet 
Location 

  December 31, 2022 

    December 31, 2021 

  Other receivables   $ 
  Accounts payable   $ 
 $ 

11,992 

 $ 
(633)   $ 
 $ 

11,359 

— 
— 
— 

The change in the fair values of the Company's derivative instruments recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income 
during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments: 
Foreign exchange contracts 

Income Statement 
Location 

2022 

2021 

2020 

  Other income (expense), net   $ 

10,793  $ 

—  $ 

— 

114  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 13 – Revolving Credit Agreements 

The carrying amounts of the Company's revolving credit agreements in its Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Wells Fargo credit agreement 
Nord/LB revolving line of credit 
Syndicated credit agreement working capital line of credit 
DZ bank revolving line of credit 
Wells Fargo revolving credit agreement 
Cadence revolving credit agreement 

Total revolving credit agreements 

As of  December 31, 

2022 

2021 

 $ 

 $ 

60,000 
16,091 
10,727 
9,118 
— 
— 
95,936 

 $ 

 $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

As of December 31, 2022, the weighted average interest rate on our revolving credit agreements was 4.12%. 

Wells Fargo Credit Agreement 

On July 18, 2022, ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. and ADTRAN, Inc., as the borrower, entered into a credit agreement with a syndicate of 
banks,  including  Wells  Fargo  Bank,  National  Association,  as  administrative  agent  (“Administrative  Agent”),  and  the  other  lenders 
named therein (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement allows for borrowings of up to $100.0 million in aggregate principal 
amount, subject to being increased to up to $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount upon the Company or Borrower’s execution 
of  a  DPLTA  with  ADVA  or  a  parent  of  ADVA,  among  other  conditions  (the  “Senior  Credit  Facilities  Increase”).  The  DPLTA  as 
executed  on  December  1,  2022,  became  effective  on  January  16,  2023,  as  a  result  of  its  registration  with  the  commercial  register 
(Handelsregister) of the local court (Amtsgericht) at the registered seat of ADVA (Jena). See Note 24 of the Notes to Consolidated 
Financial Statements for further information. 

The  Credit  Agreement  replaced  the  Cadence  Revolving  Credit  Agreement  and  the  Wells  Fargo  Revolving  Credit  Agreement.  In 
connection with the entry into the Credit Agreement, all outstanding borrowings under such credit agreements have been repaid and the 
agreements terminated. 

As of December 31, 2022, ADTRAN, Inc.’s borrowings under the revolving line of credit were $60.0 million in tranches that mature 
during the first quarter of 2023 and can either be repaid or borrowed again for a one month, three month or six month period. In addition, 
we may issue up to $25.0 million in letters of credit against our $100.0 million dollar total facility. As of December 31, 2022, we had a 
total of $21.3 million in letters of credit with ADTRAN, Inc. outstanding against our eligible borrowings, leaving a net amount of $18.7 
million available for future borrowings. In February 2023, the borrowings under the Credit Agreement were paid down by $7.5 million, 
leaving,  $180.0  million  of  borrowings  as  of  February  28,  2023.  After  considering  our  outstanding  letters  of  credit,  this  leaves  the 
Company approximately $198.7 million available for future borrowings as of February 28, 2023. Any future credit extensions under the 
Credit Agreement are subject to customary conditions precedent. The proceeds of any loans are expected to be used for general corporate 
purposes and to pay a portion of the Exchange Offer consideration. 

All  U.S. borrowings under  the  Credit  Agreement (other than swingline  loans, which will  bear  interest  at  the  Base  Rate  (as defined 
below)) will bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a rate per annum equal to (A)(i) the highest of (a) the federal funds rate (i.e., for 
any day, the rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight federal funds transactions with members of the 
Federal Reserve System, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on the business day next succeeding such day) plus ½ 
of 1%, (b) the prime commercial lending rate of the Administrative Agent, as established from time to time at its principal U.S. office 
(which such rate is an index or base rate and will not necessarily be its lowest or best rate charged to its customers or other banks), and 
(c) the daily Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for a one-month tenor plus 1%, plus (ii) the applicable rate, 
ranging from 0.5% to 1.25% (the “Base Rate”), or (B) the sum of the Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 
the applicable rate, ranging from 1.4% to 2.15%, provided that such sum is subject to a 0.0% floor (such loans utilizing this interest rate, 
“SOFR Loans”). All EU borrowings under the Credit Agreement (other than swingline loans) will bear interest at a rate per annum equal 
to the sum of the Euro Interbank Offered Rate as administered by the European Money Markets Institute (or a comparable or successor 
administrator approved by the Administrative Agent) plus the applicable rate, ranging from 1.5% to 2.25%, provided that such sum is 
subject to a 0.0% floor (such loans utilizing this interest rate, “EURIBOR Loans”). The applicable rate is based on the consolidated net 
leverage ratio of the Company and its subsidiaries as determined pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement. Default interest is 2.00% 
per annum in excess of the rate otherwise applicable in the case of any overdue principal or any other overdue amount. 

Financial Information  115 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the Credit Agreement, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee 
to the lenders under the Credit Agreement in respect of unutilized revolving loan commitments and an additional commitment ticking 
fee at a rate of 0.25% on the commitment amounts of each lender until the earliest of (i) the date of the Senior Credit Facilities Increase, 
(ii) the Company’s voluntary termination of the credit facility commitment, and (iii) December 31, 2023. The Company is also required 
to pay a participation fee to the Administrative Agent for the account of each lender with respect to the Company’s participations in 
letters of credit at the then applicable rate for SOFR Loans. 

The Credit Agreement permits the Company to prepay any or all of the outstanding loans or to reduce the commitments under the Credit 
Agreement without incurring premiums or penalties (except breakage costs with respect to SOFR Loans and EURIBOR Loans). The 
Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including incurrence covenants and certain other limitations 
on the ability of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries to incur additional debt, guarantee other obligations, grant liens on assets, 
make investments, dispose of assets, pay dividends or other payments on capital stock, make restricted payments, engage in mergers or 
consolidations, engage in transactions with affiliates, modify its organizational documents, and enter into certain restrictive agreements. 
It also contains customary events of default (subject to customary cure periods and materiality thresholds). Furthermore, the Credit 
Agreement requires that the consolidated total net leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of the Company and its subsidiaries 
tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter not exceed 3.25 to 1.0 through September 30, 2024 and 2.75 to 1.00 from December 31, 
2024 and thereafter, subject to certain exceptions. The Credit Agreement also requires that the consolidated interest coverage ratio (as 
defined in the Credit Agreement) of the Company and its subsidiaries tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter not fall below 3.00 to 
1.00. As of December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all material covenants. The Credit Agreement matures in July 
2027 but provides the Company with an option to request extensions subject to customary conditions. 

Finally, pursuant to a Collateral Agreement, dated as of July 18, 2022, among the Company, ADTRAN, Inc. and the Administrative 
Agent, ADTRAN, Inc.’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the assets of ADTRAN, Inc. and the 
Company. In addition, the Company has guaranteed ADTRAN, Inc.’s obligations under the Credit Agreement pursuant to a Guaranty 
Agreement, dated as of July 18, 2022, by ADTRAN, Inc. and the Company in favor of the Administrative Agent. 

Nord/LB Revolving Line of Credit 

On August 8, 2022, ADVA entered into a $16.1 million revolving line of credit with Norddeutsche Landesbark - Girozentrale (Nord/LB) 
that  bears  interest  of  Euro  Short  Term  Rate  plus  1.4%  and  which  matures  in  August  2023.  During  the  term  of  the  loan,  ADVA  is 
obligated to maintain an adjusted net debt to cover ratio that is equal to or less than 2.75. As of December 31, 2022, The Company was 
in compliance with the adjusted net debt to cover ratio. As of December 31, 2022, ADVA’s borrowings under the revolving line of 
credit were $16.1 million, with no amounts available for future borrowings. On January 31, 2023, the Company increased its borrowings 
under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement. A portion of the proceeds from the borrowings were used to retire the outstanding borrowings 
under the Nord/LB revolving line of credit. 

Syndicated Credit Agreement Working Capital Line of Credit 

In September 2018, ADVA entered into a syndicated credit agreement with Bayerische Landesbank and Deutsche Bank AG Branch 
German Business to borrow up to $10.7 million as part of a working capital line of credit. The interest rate for the working capital line 
of credit is adjusted periodically based on a defined leverage ratio and is currently EURIBOR plus 1.35% as of December 31, 2022. The 
working capital line of credit matures in September 2023. As of December 31, 2022, borrowings under the working capital line of credit 
totaled $10.7 million, with no amounts available for future borrowings. On January 31, 2023, the Company increased its borrowings 
under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement. A portion of the proceeds from the borrowings were used to retire the outstanding borrowings 
under the syndicated credit agreement working capital line of credit. 

DZ Bank Money Market Facility 

As of December 31, 2022, ADVA’s borrowings under the revolving line of credit totaled $9.1 million, with no amounts available for 
future borrowings. The interest rate is currently a rate of 2.8%, which resets monthly based on renewal of the loan. 

Prior Wells Fargo Revolving Credit Agreement 

On April 1, 2022, ADTRAN, Inc. entered into a Credit Agreement and related Revolving Line of Credit Note (together, the “Prior Wells 
Revolving Credit Agreement”) in favor of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as lender (the “Wells Lender”). The Wells Revolving 
Credit Agreement provided the Company with a $25.0 million secured revolving credit facility. During the year ended December 31, 
2022, the Company made draws totaling $10.0 million under the Prior Wells Revolving Credit Agreement all of which had been repaid 
as  of December  31, 2022.  The  Wells  Fargo  Credit  Agreement  replaced  the  Prior  Wells  Fargo  Revolving  Credit  Agreement  and  all 
outstanding borrowings have been repaid and the prior agreement was terminated. 

Prior Cadence Revolving Credit Agreement 

116  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
On May 19, 2022, ADTRAN, Inc., as borrower, modified its Revolving Credit and Security Agreement and related Promissory Note 
(together, the “Cadence Revolving Credit Agreement”) with Cadence Bank, N.A., as lender (the “Cadence Lender”). The modified Prior 
Cadence Revolving Credit Agreement provided the Company with a $25.0 million secured revolving credit facility. During the year 
ended December 31, 2022, the Company made draws totaling $18.0 million under the Prior Cadence Revolving Credit Agreement all 
of which had been repaid as of December 31, 2022. The Wells Fargo Credit Agreement replaced the Prior Cadence Revolving Credit 
Agreement and all outstanding borrowings have been repaid and the prior agreement was terminated. 

Note 14 – Notes Payable 

The carrying amounts of the Company's notes payable in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Syndicated credit agreement note payable 
Deutsche Bank term loan 
Total Notes Payable 

Syndicated Credit Agreement Note Payable 

  Fair Value as of 
  December 31, 2022      December 31, 2022 
 $ 

 $ 

    Carrying Value as of      Carrying Value as of   

24,598   $ 
—  
24,598   $ 

    December 31, 2021 
— 
— 
— 

24,598 
— 
24,598 

 $ 

 $ 

In September 2018, ADVA entered into a syndicated credit agreement with Bayerische Landesbank and Deutsche Bank AG Branch 
German Business to borrow $63.7 million. As of December 31, 2022, the amount outstanding under the note payable is $24.6 million. 
The interest rate for the note payable is adjusted periodically based on a defined leverage ratio and is currently 2.49% as of December 
31, 2022. The note payable matures in September 2023. 

Deutsche Bank Term Loan  

In October 2019, ADVA entered into a $9.8 million term loan with Deutsche Bank that bears interest of EURIBOR plus 1.1%. The term 
loan matured in September 2022 and was repaid as of December 31, 2022.  

Note 15 – Income Taxes 

The components of income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Current 
Federal 
State 
International 
Total Current 

Deferred 
Federal 
State 
International 
Total Deferred 
Total Income Tax (Benefit) Expense 

2022 

2021 

2020 

 $ 

4,572  
88  
(4,347 )    
313  

11 
 $ 
(63)    

4,166 
4,114 

(10,574) 
(329) 
3,635 
(7,268) 

(47,429 )    
(6,776 )    
(8,183 )    
(62,388 )    
(62,075 )   $ 

— 
— 
(1,784)    
(1,784)    
 $ 
2,330 

— 
— 
(1,356) 
(1,356) 
(8,624) 

 $ 

 $ 

Financial Information  117 

 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
The effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate due to the following: 

Tax provision computed at the federal statutory rate 
State income tax provision, net of federal benefit 
Federal research credits 
Foreign taxes 
Tax-exempt income 
Change in valuation allowance 
Non-deductible transaction costs 
Foreign tax credits 
Stock-based compensation 
Withholding taxes 
Alabama law change 
Impact of CARES Act 
Return to accrual 
Global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") 
Other, net 
Effective Tax Rate 

2022 

2021 

2020 

21.00%    
2.60 
6.74 
6.29 
0.21 
63.92 
(2.74) 
(0.40) 
(2.09) 
0.03 
— 
— 
0.24 
(8.08) 
(0.24) 
87.48%   

21.00%    
13.33 
53.77 
(4.69) 
3.75 
(75.26) 
(39.48) 
0.14 
10.74 
0.14 
(25.39) 
— 
9.48 
(4.29) 
(0.19) 
(36.95)%   

21.00% 
11.10 
57.63 
(17.83) 
1.93 
44.79 
— 
17.90 
(23.36) 
(20.83) 
— 
45.65 
— 
(0.49) 
0.56 
138.05%

(Loss) income before expense (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows: 

(In thousands) 
U.S. entities 
International entities 
Total 

2022 

2021 

2020 

 $ 

 $ 

(33,720 )   $ 
(37,243 )    
(70,963 )   $ 

(14,982)   $ 
8,677 
(6,305)   $ 

(12,833) 
6,587 
(6,246) 

(Loss)  income  before  expense  (benefit)  for  income  taxes  for  international  entities  reflects  (loss)  income  based  on  statutory  transfer 
pricing agreements. This amount does not correlate to consolidated international revenue, which occurs from our U.S. entity. 

Deferred income taxes on the Consolidated Balance Sheets result from temporary differences between the amount of assets and liabilities 
recognized  for  financial  reporting  and  tax  purposes.  The  significant  components  of  current  and  non-current  deferred  taxes  as  of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021 consist of the following: 

(In thousands) 
Deferred tax assets: 

Inventory 
Accrued expenses 
Deferred compensation 
Stock-based compensation 
Uncertain tax positions related to state taxes and related interest 
Pensions 
Foreign losses 
State losses and credit carry-forwards 
Federal loss and research carry-forwards 
Lease liabilities 
Capitalized research and development expenditures 
Investments 
Valuation allowance 
Total Deferred Tax Assets 

Deferred tax liabilities: 

Property, plant and equipment 
Intellectual property 
Right of use lease assets 
Investments 

Total Deferred Tax Liabilities 
Net Deferred Tax Assets 

118  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

2022 

2021 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

5,818 
7,865 
5,792 
1,373 
102 
5,952 
4,744 
3,516 
64,995 
4,093 
31,248 
160 
(5,201)    

130,457 

(8,982)    
(108,671)    
(6,594)    
— 

(124,247)    
 $ 
6,210 

9,538  
3,851  
7,027  
1,469  
124  
6,061  
2,862  
5,914  
21,606  
1,471  
9,349  
—  
(50,564 ) 
18,708  

(3,590 ) 
(3,230 ) 
(1,459 ) 
(1,350 ) 
(9,629 ) 
9,079  

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
   
   
 
  
  
  
 
   
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law. Subsequently, 
the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) released its final GILTI regulations on July 9, 2020. The passage of the CARES Act and subsequent 
issuance of the GILTI final regulations together resulted in the Company’s recognition of a tax benefit in the amount of $10.8 million 
during 2020, $7.9 million of which related to the utilization of deferred tax assets which had previously been offset with a valuation 
allowance and $2.9 million primarily related to the tax rate differential on carrying back losses from 2018 and 2019 tax years to prior 
years in which the U.S. Corporate tax rate was 35% versus the current 21% federal tax rate. 

On February 12, 2021, the Alabama Business Tax Competitiveness Act (the "Act") was signed into law. As a result of the Act, we 
recognized an expense of $1.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021 related to the revaluation of our deferred tax assets, 
which was offset by changes in our valuation allowance previously recorded against our domestic deferred tax assets. 

During the three months ended September 30, 2021, Management decided to pursue a claim for refund related to the revocation of our 
IRC Section 59(e) election that was made on our originally filed 2018 U.S. federal tax return. The Company filed a related carryback 
claim of net operating losses generated in 2018 to prior years as allowed under the CARES Act that was passed in 2020. An IRS Section 
59(e) election is generally non-revocable except in cases for which IRS Commissioner’s approval is given. Approval is granted only in 
rare and unusual circumstances. We filed a private letter ruling (“PLR”) request to revoke our election. During the three months ended 
December 31, 2021, a response to our PLR was published denying our request to revoke the previously made 59(e). As a result of these 
filings, and Management’s position to pursue them through appeals, we have established a receivable in the amount of $15.2 million 
and a deferred tax asset related to additional research and development credit carryforward in the amount of $1.8 million that would be 
available if our revocation request is successful, offset with an uncertain tax liability of $17.0 million. 

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, non-current deferred taxes reflected deferred taxes on net unrealized gains and losses on available-
for-sale investments and deferred taxes on unrealized losses in our pension plan. The net change in non-current deferred taxes associated 
with these items, which resulted in a deferred tax expense of $2.0 million and $1.6 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively, was recorded 
as an adjustment to other comprehensive (loss) income, presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income. 

The Company continually reviews the adequacy of its valuation allowance and recognizes the benefits of deferred tax assets only as the 
reassessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be recognized in accordance with ASC 740, Income 
Taxes.  Our  assessment  of  the  realizability  of  our  deferred  tax  assets  includes  the  evaluation  of  evidence,  some  of  which  requires 
significant judgment, including historical operating results, the evaluation of a three-year cumulative income position, future taxable 
income  projections  and  tax  planning  strategies.  Should  management’s  conclusion  change  in  the  future  and  additional  valuation 
allowance or a partial or full release of the valuation allowance become necessary, it could have a material effect on our consolidated 
financial  statements.  During  the  fourth  quarter  of  2022,  after  considering  all  quantitative  and  qualitative  evidence,  including  our 
cumulative  income  position,  historical  operating  performance  and  future  income  projections,  we  have  determined  that  the  positive 
evidence overcame the negative evidence and have concluded that it is more likely than not that a substantial portion of our U.S. federal 
and certain other state deferred tax assets were realizable. As a result we have released the majority of our valuation allowance against 
those assets. 

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had gross deferred tax assets totaling $11.4 million offset by a valuation allowance 
totaling $5.2 million and gross deferred tax assets totaling $59.6 million offset by a valuation allowance of $50.6 million, respectively. 
Of the current valuation allowance, $3.2 million was established against our domestic deferred tax assets and the remaining $2.0 million 
is related to foreign net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards where we lacked sufficient activity to realize 
those deferred tax assets. The change in our valuation allowance for the year ending December 31, 2022 was a decrease of $45.4 million. 
The change in the valuation allowance was primarily related to the previously mentioned release of the valuation allowance in the fourth 
quarter of 2022. The large increase during the year in our international deferred tax liabilities was primarily related to purchase price 
accounting, partially offset with acquired deferred tax assets as a result of the ADVA acquisition, that was completed in the third quarter 
of 2022. 

Supplemental balance sheet information related to deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Domestic 
International 
Total 

(In thousands) 
Domestic 
International 
Total 

  Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities)   
  $ 

61,726    $ 
(50,315)  
11,411    $ 

December 31, 2022 

Valuation Allowance 

Deferred Tax Assets 
(Liabilities), net 

(3,177)   $ 
(2,024)  
(5,201)   $ 

58,549 
(52,339) 
6,210 

Deferred Tax Assets 

December 31, 2021 
Valuation Allowance 

Deferred Tax Assets, net 

48,265    $ 
11,378   
59,643    $ 

(48,265)   $ 

(2,299)  

(50,564)   $ 

— 
9,079 
9,079 

Financial Information  119 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the deferred tax assets for foreign and domestic loss carry-forwards, research and development tax 
credits,  unamortized  research  and  development  costs  and  state  credit  carry-forwards  totaled  $104.5  million  and  $39.7  million, 
respectively. As of December 31, 2022, $21.8 million of these deferred tax assets will expire at various times between 2023 and 2038. 
The remaining deferred tax assets will either amortize through 2038 or carryforward indefinitely. 

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, our cash and cash equivalents were $108.6 million and $56.6 million and short-term 
investments were $0.3 million and $0.4 million, which provided available short-term liquidity of $108.9 million and 57.0 million. Of 
these amounts, our foreign subsidiaries held cash of $86.3 million and $47.7 million, respectively, representing approximately 79% and 
84% of available short-term liquidity, which is used to fund ongoing liquidity needs of these subsidiaries. As part of our restructuring 
plan, the Company’s assertion on being indefinitely reinvested changed in a particular jurisdiction in a previous year. The Company has 
a withholding tax liability of $0.4 million and $0.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company maintains 
its assertion in all other jurisdictions that it is indefinitely reinvesting its funds held in foreign jurisdictions outside of the U.S., except 
to the extent any of these funds can be repatriated without withholding tax. However, if all of these funds were repatriated to the U.S., 
or used for U.S. operations, certain amounts could be subject to tax. Due to the timing and circumstances of repatriation of such earnings, 
if any, it is not practicable to determine the amount of funds subject to unrecognized deferred tax liability. 

During 2022, 2021 and 2020, no income tax benefit or expense was recorded for stock options exercised as an adjustment to equity. 

The change in the unrecognized income tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Balance at beginning of period 

Increases for tax position related to: 

Prior years 
Current year 

Decreases for tax positions related to: 

Prior years 
Expiration of applicable statute of limitations 

Balance at end of period 

2022 

2021 

2020 

 $ 

17,836  

 $ 

1,078 

 $ 

1,487 

—  
123  

17,025 
136 

(13 )    
(61 )    
 $ 

17,885  

(27)    
(376)    
 $ 

17,836 

 $ 

4 
165 

— 
(578) 
1,078 

As of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, our total liability for unrecognized tax benefits was $17.9 million, $17.8 million and $1.1 
million, respectively, of which $17.9 million, $17.8 million and $1.0 million, respectively, would reduce our effective tax rate if we 
were successful in upholding all of the uncertain positions and recognized the amounts recorded. We classify interest and penalties 
recognized on the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. As of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the balances 
of accrued interest and penalties were $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. 

We do not anticipate a single tax position generating a significant increase or decrease in our liability for unrecognized tax benefits 
within 12 months of this reporting date, unless a resolution is reached regarding the appeal of our PLR denial noted above. We file 
income tax returns in the U.S. for federal and various state jurisdictions and several foreign jurisdictions. We are not currently under 
audit by the Internal Revenue Service. Generally, we are not subject to changes in income taxes by any taxing jurisdiction for the years 
prior to 2018. 

Note 16 – Employee Benefit Plans 

Pension Benefit Plan 

We maintain a defined benefit pension plan covering employees in certain foreign countries. 

In connection with the Business Combination, we acquired $29.6 million of additional obligations and $22.3 million of assets related to 
postemployment benefit plans for certain groups of employees at our new operations outside of the U.S. Plans vary depending on the 
legal,  economic,  and  tax  environments  of  the  respective  country.  For  defined  benefit  plans,  accruals  for  pensions  and  similar 
commitments have been included in the results for this year. The new defined benefit plans are for employees in Switzerland, Italy, 
Israel and India: 

 

 

 

In Switzerland, there are two defined benefit pension plans. Both plans provide benefits in the event of retirement, death or 
disability. The plan's benefits are based on age, years of service, salary and on a participants old age account. The plans are 
financed by contributions paid by the participants and by the Company. 

In  Italy,  the  post-employment  benefit  plan  is  required  due  to  statutory  provisions.  The  plan  is  financed  directly  by  the 
Company  on  a  pay  as  you  go  basis.  Employees  receive  their pension  payments  as  a  function  of  salary,  inflation  and  a 
notional account. 

In  Israel,  there  is  a  defined  benefit  pension  plan  that  provides  benefits  in  the  event  of  a  participant  being  dismissed 
involuntarily, retirement or death. The plan's benefits are based on the higher of the severance benefit required by law or 

120  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
the cash surrender value of the severance benefit component of any qualifying insurance policy or long-term employee 
benefit fund that is registered in the participants name. The plan is financed by contributions paid by the Company. 

 

In  India,  the  post-employment  benefit  plan  is  required  due  to  statutory  provisions.  The  plan  is  financed  directly  by  the 
Company on a pay as you go basis.  

The pension benefit plan obligations and funded status as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Change in projected benefit obligation: 
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of period 

Service cost 
Interest cost 
Actuarial gain - experience 
Actuarial gain - assumptions 
Benefit payments 
Effects of foreign currency exchange rate changes 

Projected benefit obligation at end of period 
Change in plan assets: 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period 

Actual (loss) gain on plan assets 
Contributions 
Effects of foreign currency exchange rate changes 

Fair value of plan assets at end of period 
Unfunded status at end of period 

2022 

2021 

 $ 

 $ 

73,779 
1,426 
1,168 
(2,039) 
(11,128) 
(1,400) 
(2,462) 
59,344 

55,084 
(4,372) 
382 
(2,374) 
48,720 
(10,624) 

(1)  $ 

(1)   

  $ 

50,927 
1,229 
339 
(750) 
(3,327) 
(756) 
(3,498) 
44,164 

32,263 
2,943 
— 
(2,444) 
32,762 
(11,402) 

(1) 

In connection with the Business Combination, we acquired $29.6 million of additional projected benefit obligations and.$22.3 
million of plan assets whose beginning of period measurement date is July 15, 2022. 

The accumulated benefit obligation was $56.8 million and $44.2 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease 
in the accumulated benefit obligation, projected benefit obligation and the actuarial loss was primarily attributable to an increase in the 
discount rate during 2022.  

The net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the unfunded pension liability as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 
were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Current liability 
Pension liability 
Total 

2022 

2021 

—   $ 
10,624    
10,624    $ 

— 
11,402 
11,402 

 $

 $

The components of net periodic pension cost, other than the service cost component, are included in other income (expense), net in the 
Consolidated  Statements  of  (Loss)  Income.  The  components  of  net  periodic  pension  cost  and  amounts  recognized  in  other 
comprehensive (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Net periodic benefit cost: 
Service cost 
Interest cost 
Expected return on plan assets 
Amortization of actuarial losses 
Net periodic benefit cost 
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations 
   recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income: 
Net actuarial (gain) loss 
Amortization of actuarial losses 
Amount recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income 
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other 
   comprehensive (loss) income 

2022 

2021 

2020 

 $ 

 $ 

1,426  
1,168  
(2,129 )    
355  
820  

 $ 

1,229 
339 
(1,842)    
1,088 
814 

(6,549 )    
(113 )    
(6,662 )    

(4,984)    
(825)    
(5,809)    

1,270 
444 
(1,679) 
970 
1,005 

1,784 
(1,212) 
572 

 $ 

(5,842 )   $ 

(4,995)   $ 

1,577 

Financial Information  121 

 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
   
 
  
 
  
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
The amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Net actuarial loss 

2022 

2021 

 $

(1,073 )  $ 

(7,736) 

The defined benefit pension plan is accounted for on an actuarial basis, which requires the use of various assumptions, including an 
expected rate of return on plan assets and a discount rate. The expected return on our plans assets is utilized in determining the benefit 
obligation and net periodic benefit cost is derived from periodic studies, which include a review of asset allocation strategies, anticipated 
future long-term performance of individual asset classes, risks using standard deviations and correlations of returns among the asset 
classes that comprise the plans' asset mix. While the studies give appropriate consideration to recent plan performance and historical 
returns, the assumptions are primarily long-term, prospective rates of return. The discount rate has been derived from the returns of 
high-quality, corporate bonds denominated in Euro currency with durations close to the duration of our pension obligations. 

The weighted-average assumptions that were used to determine the net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, 2022, 
2021 and 2020 were as follows: 

Discount rate 
Rate of compensation increase 
Expected long-term rates of return 

2022 

2021 

2020 

3.24%  
2.17%  
4.65%  

1.16 %  
2.00 %  
5.90 %  

1.00%
2.00%
5.90%

The weighted-average assumptions that were used to determine the benefit obligation as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: 

Discount rate 
Rate of compensation increase 

2022 

2021 

2020 

3.10%  
2.17%  

1.16%  
2.00%  

0.69%
2.00%

Actuarial gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. To the extent unamortized gains and losses 
exceed 10% of the higher of the market-related value of assets or the projected benefit obligation, the excess is amortized as a component 
of net periodic pension cost over the remaining service period of active participants. 

122  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
   
   
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
   
   
 
  
  
 
 
 
The Company anticipates making approximately $1.8 million in contributions to the pension plans in 2023 

The following pension benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid to participants: 

(In thousands) 
2023 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 - 2032 
Total 

 $ 

 $ 

2,377 
2,303 
3,331 
3,092 
3,710 
18,287 
33,100 

U.S. GAAP establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy based upon observable and unobservable inputs for fair value measurement of 
financial instruments: 

  Level 1 – Observable outputs; values based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market; 

  Level 2 – Significant inputs that are observable; values based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs 

that are observable either directly or indirectly;  

  Level  3  – Significant unobservable  inputs;  values  based on prices  or valuation  techniques  that  require  inputs  that are  both 
unobservable  and  significant  to  the  overall  fair  value  measurement.  These  inputs  could  include  information  supplied  by 
investees. 

We have categorized our cash equivalents and our investments held at fair value into this hierarchy as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Available-for-sale securities 

Bond funds: 

Corporate bonds 
Government bonds 

Equity funds: 

Global equity 
Balanced fund 
Emerging markets 
Large cap value 
Global real estate fund 
Available-for-sale securities 
Total 

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Using 

Quoted Prices 
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical Assets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
Other 
Observable 
Inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs 
(Level 3) 

Fair Value 

 $ 

1,423  $ 

1,423   $ 

—  $ 

13,256 
5,490 
— 
15,452 
5,190 
1,707 
194 
6,008 
47,297 
48,720 

 $ 

13,256  
5,490  
—  
15,452  
5,190  
1,707  
194  
6,008  
47,297  
48,720  

 $ 

 $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

 $ 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

Financial Information  123 

 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
(In thousands) 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Available-for-sale securities 

Bond funds: 

Corporate bonds 
Government bonds 

Equity funds: 

Global equity 
Balanced fund 
Emerging markets 
Large cap value 
Global real estate fund 
Available-for-sale securities 
Total 

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 Using 

Quoted Prices 
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical Assets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
Other 
Observable 
Inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs 
(Level 3) 

Fair Value 

 $ 

801  

 $ 

801 

 $ 

— 

 $ 

7,528  
5,721  

12,170  
2,919  
2,259  
235  
1,129  
31,961  
32,762  

 $ 

7,528 
5,721 

12,170 
2,919 
2,259 
235 
1,129 
31,961 
32,762 

 $ 

 $ 

— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

 $ 

— 

— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

Our investment policy includes various guidelines and procedures designed to ensure assets are invested in a manner necessary to meet 
expected  future  benefits  earned  by  participants  and  consider  a  broad  range  of  economic  conditions.  The  objectives  of  the  target 
allocations are to maintain investment portfolios that diversify risk through prudent asset allocation parameters, achieve asset returns 
that meet or exceed the plans’ actuarial assumptions and achieve asset returns that are competitive with like institutions employing 
similar investment strategies. 

The  investment  policy  is periodically reviewed  by  the  Company  and  a designated  third-party fiduciary for  investment  matters.  The 
policy is established and administered in a manner that is compliant at all times with applicable government regulations. 

124  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
401(k) Savings Plan 

We maintain the ADTRAN, Inc. 401(k) Retirement Plan (the “Savings Plan”) for the benefit of eligible employees. The Savings Plan 
is intended to qualify under Sections 401(a) and 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and is intended 
to  be  a  “safe  harbor”  401(k)  plan  under  Code  Section  401(k)(12).  The  Savings  Plan  allows  employees  to  save  for  retirement  by 
contributing part of their compensation to the plan on a tax-deferred basis. The Savings Plan also requires us to contribute a “safe harbor” 
amount each year. We match up to 4% of employee contributions (100% of an employee’s first 3% of contributions and 50% of their 
next  2%  of  contributions),  beginning  on  the  employee’s  one-year  anniversary  date.  In  calculating  our  matching  contribution, 
compensation up to the statutory maximum under the Code is used ($305,000 for 2022). All matching contributions under the Savings 
Plan vest immediately. Employer contribution expense and plan administration costs for the Savings Plan amounted to approximately 
$4.1 million, $3.9 million and $4.0 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. 

Deferred Compensation Plans 

We maintain four deferred compensation programs for certain executive management employees and our Board of Directors. 

The ADTRAN, Inc. Deferred Compensation Program for Employees is offered as a supplement to our tax-qualified 401(k) plan and is 
available to certain executive management employees who have been designated by our Board of Directors. This deferred compensation 
plan allows participants to defer all or a portion of certain specified bonuses and up to 25% of remaining cash compensation and permits 
us to make matching contributions on a discretionary basis without the limitations that apply to the 401(k) plan. To date, we have not 
made any matching contributions under this plan. We also maintain the ADTRAN, Inc. Equity Deferral Program for Employees. Under 
this plan, participants may elect to defer all or a portion of their vested PSUs and RSUs to the plan. Such deferrals shall continue to be 
held and deemed to be invested in shares of ADTRAN stock unless and until the amounts are distributed or such deferrals are moved to 
another deemed investment pursuant to an election made by the participant. 

For our Board of Directors, we maintain the ADTRAN, Inc. Deferred Compensation Program for Directors. This program allows our 
Board of Directors to defer all or a portion of monetary remuneration paid to the Director, including, but not limited to, meeting fees 
and annual retainers. We also maintain the ADTRAN, Inc. Equity Deferral Program for Directors. Under this plan, participants may 
elect to defer all or a portion of their vested restricted stock awards. Such deferrals shall continue to be held and deemed to be invested 
in shares of ADTRAN stock unless and until the amounts are distributed or such deferrals are moved to another deemed investment 
pursuant to an election made by the director. 

We have set aside the plan assets for all plans in a rabbi trust (the “Trust”) and all contributions are credited to bookkeeping accounts 
for the participants. The Trust assets are subject to the claims of our creditors in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency. The assets of the 
Trust are deemed to be invested in pre-approved mutual funds as directed by each participant and the participant’s bookkeeping account 
is  credited  with  the  earnings  and  losses  attributable  to  those  investments.  Benefits  are  scheduled  to  be  distributed  six  months  after 
termination  of  employment  in  a  single  lump  sum  payment  or  annual  installments  paid  over  a  three  or  ten-year  term  based  on  the 
participant’s  election.  Distributions  will  be  made  on  a  pro-rata  basis  from  each  of  the  hypothetical  investments  of  the  participant’s 
account in cash. Any whole shares of ADTRAN, Inc. common stock that are distributed will be distributed in-kind. 

Assets of the Trust are deemed invested in mutual funds that cover an investment spectrum ranging from equities to money market 
instruments. These mutual funds are publicly quoted and reported at fair value. The fair value of the assets held by the Trust and the 
amounts payable to the plan participants as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Fair Value of Plan Assets 
Long-term investments 
Total Fair Value of Plan Assets 
Amounts Payable to Plan Participants 
Deferred compensation liability 
Total Amounts Payable to Plan Participants 

2022 

2021 

 $ 
 $ 

 $ 
 $ 

22,943 
22,943 

 $ 
 $ 

26,668 
26,668 

 $ 
 $ 

26,935 
26,935 

31,383 
31,383 

Financial Information  125 

 
  
  
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
The Trust held $3.7 million and $4.1 million of common stock in the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Shares 
of the Company held by the Trust are recorded at cost and classified as treasury stock on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. 

Interest  and  dividend  income  of  the  Trust  are  included  in  interest  and  dividend  income  in  the  accompanying  2022,  2021  and  2020 
Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. Changes in the fair value of the plan assets held by the Trust have been included in other 
income (expense) in the accompanying 2022, 2021 and 2020 Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. Changes in the fair value of 
the deferred compensation liability are included as selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying 2022, 2021 and 
2020 Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. Based on the changes in the total fair value of the Trust’s assets, the Company recorded 
deferred compensation income in 2022, 2021 and 2020 of $6.3 million, $0.9 million and $4.3 million, respectively. 

Retiree Medical Coverage 

Medical, dental and prescription drug coverage is provided to certain spouses and former spouses of current and former officers on the 
same terms as provided to our active officers for up to 30 years. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, this liability totaled $0.2 million 
and $0.3 million, respectively.  

Note 17 – Equity 

The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax, by components of accumulated 
other comprehensive (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020: 

(In thousands) 
Balance as of December 31, 2019 

Other comprehensive (loss) income before 
reclassifications 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other 
comprehensive (loss) income 
Balance as of December 31, 2020 

Other comprehensive (loss) income before 
reclassifications 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other 
comprehensive (loss) income 
Balance as of December 31, 2021 

Other comprehensive (loss) income before 
reclassifications 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other 
comprehensive (loss) income 
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income 
Less: Comprehensive Loss attributable to non-
controlling interest, net of tax 
Balance as of December 31, 2022 

Unrealized 
Gains (Losses) 
on Available- 
for-Sale 
Securities 

Defined 
Benefit Plan 
Adjustments     

Foreign 
Currency 

Adjustments     

ASU 2018-02 
Adoption (1) 

 $ 

(284)   $ 

(9,226)   $ 

(7,292)   $ 

385 

 $ 

749 

(1,231)    

4,857 

(433)    
32 

836 
(9,621)    

— 
(2,435)    

(705)    

3,439 

(3,699)    

121 
(552)    

569 
(5,613)    

— 
(6,134)    

(41)    

4,519 

53,396 

(243)    
(284)    

78 
4,597 

— 
53,396 

— 

— 
385 

— 

— 
385 

— 

— 
— 

Total 
(16,417) 

4,375 

403 
(11,639) 

(965) 

690 
(11,914) 

57,874 

(165) 
57,709 

— 
(836)   $ 

— 
(1,016)   $ 

(918)    
 $ 

48,180 

— 
385 

 $ 

(918) 
46,713 

 $ 

(1)  With the adoption of ASU 2018-02 on January 1, 2019, stranded tax effects related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 were 

reclassified to retained earnings. 

126  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
The following tables present the details of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for the years ended 
December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020: 

(In thousands) 

For the year ended December 31, 

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) 
Income Components 
Unrealized (loss) gains on available-for-sale 
securities: 

Net realized gain (loss) on sales of securities 
Defined benefit plan adjustments – actuarial losses 
Total reclassifications for the period, before tax 
Tax (benefit) expense 
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax 

 $ 

 $ 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Affected Line Item in the 
Statement Where Net 
(Loss) Income Is Presented 

328 
 $ 
(113)    
215 
(50)    
 $ 
165 

(164)   $ 
(825)    
(989)    
299 
(690)   $ 

 Net investment gain 

585 
(1,212)   (1) 
(627)    
224 
(403)    

(1) 

Included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. See Note 16 for additional information. 

The following tables present the tax effects related to the change in each component of other comprehensive (loss) income for the years 
ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020: 

(In thousands) 
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities 
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to available-for-sale 
investments included in net income (loss) 
Defined benefit plan adjustments 
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to defined benefit plan 
adjustments included in net income (loss) 
Foreign currency translation adjustment 
Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income 

(In thousands) 
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities 
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to available-for-sale 
investments included in net income (loss) 
Defined benefit plan adjustments 
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to defined benefit plan 
adjustments included in net income (loss) 
Foreign currency translation adjustment 
Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income 

(In thousands) 
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities 
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to available-for-sale 
investments included in net (loss) income 
Defined benefit plan adjustments 
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to defined benefit plan 
adjustments included in net (loss) income 
Foreign currency translation adjustment 
Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income 

Before-Tax 
Amount 

2022 
Tax 
(Expense) 
Benefit 

Net-of-Tax 
Amount 

 $ 

(55)   $ 

14 

 $ 

(41) 

(328)    
6,549 

113 
53,396 
59,675 

 $ 

85 
(2,030)    

(35)    
— 
(1,966)   $ 

(243) 
4,519 

78 
53,396 
57,709 

 $ 

Before-Tax 
Amount 

2021 
Tax 
(Expense) 
Benefit 

Net-of-Tax 
Amount 

 $ 

(953 )   $ 

248 

 $ 

(705) 

164  
4,984  

825  
(3,699 )    
 $ 
1,321  

(43)    
(1,545)    

(256)    
— 
(1,596)   $ 

121 
3,439 

569 
(3,699) 
(275) 

 $ 

Before-Tax 
Amount 

2020 
Tax 
(Expense) 
Benefit 

Net-of-Tax 
Amount 

 $ 

1,012  

 $ 

(263)   $ 

749 

(585 )    
(1,784 )    

1,212  
4,857  
4,712  

 $ 

152 
553 

(376)    
— 
66 

 $ 

(433) 
(1,231) 

836 
4,857 
4,778 

 $ 

Financial Information  127 

 
  
 
 
     
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Note 18 – Segment Information and Major Customers 

The  chief  operating  decision  maker  regularly  reviews  the  Company’s  financial  performance  based  on  two  reportable  segments:  (1) 
Network Solutions and (2) Services & Support. 

The Network Solutions segment includes hardware and software products that enable a digital future which support the Company's 
Subscriber, Access and Aggregation, and Optical Networking Solutions. The Company's cloud-managed Wi-Fi gateways, virtualization 
software,  and switches  provide  a  mix of wired  and  wireless  connectivity  at  the  customer  premises. In  addition,  its  Carrier Ethernet 
products  support  a  variety  of  applications  at  the  network  edge  ranging  from  mobile  backhaul  to  connecting  enterprise  customers 
(“Subscriber Solutions"). The Company's portfolio includes products for multi-gigabit service delivery over fiber or alternative media 
to homes and businesses. 

The Services & Support segment offers a comprehensive portfolio of network design, implementation, maintenance and cloud-hosted 
services supporting its Subscriber, Access and Aggregation, and Optical Networking Solutions. These services assist operators in the 
deployment of multi-vendor networks while reducing their cost to maintain these networks. The cloud-hosted services include a suite 
of SaaS applications under the Company's Mosaic One platform that manages end-to-end network and service optimization for both 
fiber access infrastructure and mesh Wi-Fi connectivity. The Company backs these services with a global support organization that 
offers on-site and off-site support services with varying SLAs.  

The  performance  of  these  segments  is  evaluated  based  on  revenue,  gross  profit  and  gross  margin;  therefore,  selling,  general  and 
administrative expenses, research and development expenses, interest and dividend income, interest expense, net investment (loss) gain, 
other income, net and income tax benefit (expense) are reported on a Company-wide basis only. There is no inter-segment revenue. 
Asset information by reportable segment is not produced and, therefore, is not reported. 

The  following  table  presents  information  about  revenue  and  gross  profit  of  our  reportable  segments  for  each  of  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020: 

(In thousands) 

Revenue 

    Gross Profit 

Revenue 

    Gross Profit 

Revenue 

    Gross Profit 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Network Solutions 
Services & Support 
Total 

 $ 

916,793 
108,743 
 $  1,025,536 

 $ 

 $ 

269,688  
57,564  
327,252  

 $ 

 $ 

498,834 
64,170 
563,004 

 $ 

 $ 

190,993 
27,384 
218,377 

 $ 

 $ 

438,015  
68,495  
506,510  

 $ 

 $ 

193,789 
23,762 
217,551 

128  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
For  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020,  $3.2  million,  $1.2  million  and  $1.4  million,  respectively,  of  depreciation 
expense was included in gross profit for our Network Solutions segment. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, $10 
thousand, $14 thousand and $32 thousand, respectively, of depreciation expense was included in gross profit for our Services & Support 
segment. 

Revenue by Category 

In addition to its reportable segments, revenue is also reported for the following three categories – Subscriber Solutions, Access & 
Aggregation Solutions, and Optical Networking Solutions. 

Prior to the Business Combination with ADVA on July 15, 2022, ADTRAN reported revenue across the following three categories: (1) 
Access  &  Aggregation,  (2)  Subscriber  Solutions  &  Experience  and  (3)  Traditional  &  Other  Products.  Following  the  Business 
Combination  with  ADVA,  the  Company  has  recast  these  revenues  such  that  ADTRAN’s  former  Access  &  Aggregation  revenue  is 
combined with a portion of the applicable ADVA solutions to create Access & Aggregation Solutions, ADTRAN’s former Subscriber 
Solutions & Experience revenue is combined with a portion of the applicable ADVA solutions to create Subscriber Solutions, and the 
revenue from Traditional & Other products is now included in the applicable Access & Aggregation Solutions or Subscriber Solutions 
category. Optical Networking Solutions is a new revenue category added to represent a meaningful portion of ADVA’s portfolio. 

Our Subscriber Solutions portfolio is used by service providers to terminate their access services infrastructure at the customer premises 
while providing an immersive and interactive experience for residential, business and wholesale subscribers. This revenue category 
includes  hardware-  and  software-based  products  and  services.  These  solutions  include  fiber  termination  solutions  for  residential, 
business and wholesale subscribers, Wi-Fi access solutions for residential and business subscribers, Ethernet switching and network 
edge virtualization solutions for business subscribers, and cloud software solutions covering a mix of subscriber types. 

Our Access & Aggregation Solutions are solutions that are used by communications service providers to connect residential subscribers, 
business subscribers and mobile radio networks to the service providers’ metro network, primarily through fiber-based connectivity. 
This revenue category includes hardware- and software-based products and services. Our solutions within this category are a mix of 
fiber access and aggregation platforms, precision network synchronization and timing solutions, and access orchestration solutions that 
ensure highly reliable and efficient network performance. 

Our Optical Networking Solutions are used by communications service providers, internet content providers and large-scale enterprises 
to securely interconnect metro and regional networks over fiber. This revenue category includes hardware- and software-based products 
and services. Our solutions within this category include open optical terminals, open line systems, optical subsystems and modules, 
network  infrastructure  assurance  systems,  and  automation  platforms  that  are  used  to  build  high-scale,  secure  and  assured  optical 
networks. 

The following tables disaggregate our revenue by category for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020: 

(In thousands) 

Subscriber Solutions 
Access & Aggregation Solutions 
Optical Networking Solutions 
Total 

(In thousands) 
Subscriber Solutions 
Access & Aggregation Solutions 
Optical Networking Solutions 
Total 

(In thousands) 
Subscriber Solutions 
Access & Aggregation Solutions 
Optical Networking Solutions 
Total 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

Network 
Solutions 

2022 
Services & 
Support 

Total 

 $ 

364,238  
326,934  
225,621  
916,793     $ 

 $ 

26,216 
47,068 
35,459 

108,743    $ 

390,454 
374,002 
261,080 
1,025,536 

Network 
Solutions 

2021 
Services & 
Support 

 $ 

189,825  
309,009  
—  
498,834     $ 

 $ 

16,385 
47,785 
— 
64,170    $ 

  Network Solutions     
 $ 

 $ 

163,349 
274,666 
— 
438,015    $ 

 $ 

2020 
Services & 
Support 

 $ 

15,315 
53,180 
— 
68,495    $ 

Total 

206,210 
356,794 
— 
563,004 

Total 

178,664 
327,846 
— 
506,510 

Financial Information  129 

 
  
  
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Additional Information 

The following table presents revenue information by geographic area for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:  

(In thousands) 
United States 
United Kingdom 
Germany 
Other international 
Total 

 $

2022 
517,433   $
189,685    
146,797    
171,621    
 $ 1,025,536    $

2021 
374,600   $
56,355    
65,229    
66,820    
563,004    $

2020 
352,079 
13,799 
74,882 
65,750 
506,510 

Customers comprising more than 10% of revenue can change from year to year. Single customers comprising more than 10% of revenue 
in 2022 included one customer, at 10.4%, which was a service provider and was included in both our Network Solutions and Services 
& Support segments. Single customers comprising more than 10% of revenue in 2021 included one customer at 18% and was included 
in both our Network Solutions and Services & Support segments. Single customers comprising more than 10% of revenue in 2020 
included three customers at 15%, 12% and 10% and was included in both our Network Solutions and Services & Support segments. 
Other than those with more than 10% of revenue disclosed above our next five largest customers can change, and have historically 
changed, from year-to-year. The next five largest customers combined represented 33%, 38% and 34% of total revenue in 2022, 2021 
and 2020, respectively.  

As of December 31, 2022, property, plant and equipment, net totaled $110.7 million, which included $56.2 million held in the U.S. and 
$54.5 million held outside the U.S. As of December 31, 2021, property, plant and equipment, net totaled $55.8 million, which included 
$53.0 million held in the U.S. and $2.8 million held outside the U.S. Property, plant and equipment, net is reported on a Company-wide, 
functional basis only.  

Note 19 – Liability for Warranty Returns 

The liability for warranty obligations totaled $7.2 million and $5.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These 
liabilities  are  included  in  accrued  expenses  and  other  liabilities  and  other  non-current  liabilities  in  the  accompanying  Consolidated 
Balance Sheets. 

A summary of warranty expense and write-off activity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Balance at beginning of period 

Plus: ADVA acquisition 
Plus: Amounts charged to cost and expenses 
Plus: Foreign currency translation adjustments 
Less: Deductions 

Balance at end of period 

Note 20 – Commitments and Contingencies 

Legal Matters 

2022 

Year Ended December 31, 
2021 

2020 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

5,403  
3,756  
3,104  
334  
(5,401 )    
 $ 
7,196  

 $ 

7,146 
— 
855 

8,394 
— 
1,538 

(2,598) 
5,403 

 $ 

(2,786) 
7,146 

From time to time the Company is subject to or otherwise involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations and legal proceedings that 
arise out of or are incidental to the conduct of our business (collectively, “Legal Matters”), including those relating to employment 
matters, patent rights, regulatory compliance matters, stockholder claims, and contractual and other commercial disputes. Such Legal 
Matters,  even  if  not  meritorious,  could  result  in  the  expenditure  of  significant  financial  and  managerial  resources.  Additionally,  an 
unfavorable outcome in a legal matter, including in a patent dispute, could require the Company to pay damages, entitle claimants to 
other relief, such as royalties, or could prevent the Company from selling some of its products in certain jurisdictions. At this time, the 
Company is unable to predict the outcome of or estimate the possible loss or range of loss, if any, associated with such legal matters. 

Performance Bonds 

Certain contracts, customers and jurisdictions in which the Company do business require us to provide various guarantees of performance 
such  as  bid  bonds,  performance  bonds  and  customs  bonds.  As  of  December  31,  2022  and  December  31,  2021,  the  Company  had 
commitments related to these bonds totaling $22.0 million and $22.9 million, respectively, which expire at various dates through April 
2031. In general the Company would only be liable for the amount of these guarantees in the event of default under each contract, the 
probability of which the Company believes is remote. 

130  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
 
   
   
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
   
  
  
 
 
Purchase Commitments 

The Company purchases components from a variety of suppliers and use contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services for 
our products. Our inventory purchase commitments are for short-term product manufacturing requirements as well as for commitments 
to suppliers to secure manufacturing capacity. Certain of our inventory purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers 
relate to arrangements to secure supply and pricing for certain product components for multi-year periods. As of December 31, 2022, 
purchase commitments totaled $552.4 million. 

Note 21 – Current Expected Credit Losses 

Under ASC 326 – Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, the Company estimates credit losses for the contractual life of assets that are 
measured at amortized cost and are within the scope of this guidance, which includes accounts receivable, net investment in sales-type 
leases, contract assets under the revenue recognition model and outstanding notes receivable. Where appropriate, the Company pools 
assets if similar risk characteristics exist. Additionally, the Company analyzes its available-for-sale debt securities for impairment and 
records a credit loss allowance as needed.  

Assets Measured at Amortized Cost 

Accounts Receivable 

The  Company  records  accounts  receivable  in  the  normal  course  of  business  as  products  are  shipped  or  services  are  performed  and 
invoiced, but payment has not yet been remitted by the customer. Accounts receivable balances are considered past due when payment 
has  not  been  received  by  the  date  indicated  on  the  relevant  invoice  or  based  on  agreed  upon  terms  between  the  customer  and  the 
Company.  

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s net outstanding accounts receivable balance was $279.4 million and $158.7 million, 
respectively. The Company assessed the need for an allowance for credit losses related to its outstanding accounts receivable using the 
historical loss-rate method as well as assessing asset-specific risks. The Company’s historical losses related to accounts receivable have 
been  immaterial  as  evidenced by  its  historical  allowance and  write-offs due  to  collectability.  The  assessment of  asset-specific risks 
included the evaluation of relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to current conditions that may 
affect a customer’s ability to pay, such as the customer’s current financial condition, credit rating by geographic location, as provided 
by a third party and/or by customer, if needed, and the overall macro-economic conditions in which the customer operates. The Company 
pooled assets by geographic location to determine if an allowance should be applied to its accounts receivable balance, assessing the 
specific country risk rating and overall economics of that particular country. If elevated risk existed, or customer specific risk indicated 
the  accounts  receivable  balance  was  at  risk,  the  Company  further  analyzed  the  need  for  an  allowance  related  to  specific  accounts 
receivable balances. Additionally, the Company determined that significant changes to customer country risk rating from period-to-
period and from the end of the prior year to the end of the current quarter would require further review and analysis by the Company.  

Credit losses totaling less than $0.1 million were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022, related to accounts receivable. No 
credit losses were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 related to accounts receivable. The Company's allowance 
for credit losses related to accounts receivable was less than $0.1 as of December 31, 2022. The Company had no allowance for credit 
losses related to accounts receivable as of December 31, 2021. 

Contract Assets  

The Company records contract assets when it has recognized revenue but has not yet billed the customer. As of December 31, 2022 and 
2021, the Company’s outstanding contract asset balance was $1.9 million and $0.5 million, respectively, which is included in other 
receivables  on  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets.  The  Company  assessed  the  need  for  an  allowance  for  credit  losses  related  to  its 
outstanding contract assets using the historical loss-rate method as well as asset-specific risks. The Company’s historical losses related 
to contract assets receivable have been immaterial as evidenced by historical write-offs due to collectability. Asset-specific risk included 
the  evaluation of  relevant  available  information, from  internal  and  external  sources,  relating  to current  conditions  that  may  affect  a 
customer’s ability to pay once invoiced, such as the customer’s financial condition, credit rating by geographic location as provided by 
a third party and/or by customer, if needed, and the overall macro-economic conditions in which the customer operates. The Company 
pooled assets by geographic location to determine if an allowance should be applied to its contract asset balance, assessing the specific 
country risk rating and the overall economics of that particular country. If elevated risk existed, or customer specific risk indicated the 
contract balance was at risk, the Company further analyzed the need for an allowance related to specific customer balances. Additionally, 
the Company determined that significant changes to customer country risk rating from period-to-period and from the end of the prior 
year to the end of the current quarter would be subject to further review and analysis by the Company.  

No allowance for credit losses was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 related to contract assets.  

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements 

The Company did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2022, 2021 or January 1, 2021. 

Financial Information  131 

 
  
 
 
 
Available-for-Sale Debt Securities 

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities totaled $9.3 million and $30.1 million, respectively. 
These  securities  were  analyzed  at  the  individual  investment  level,  by  Committee  on  Uniform  Securities  Identification  Procedures 
(“CUSIP”),  to  limit  credit  losses,  if  applicable,  to  reflect  only  the  amount  by  which  the  fair  value  of  the  security  was  less  than  its 
amortized cost. The Company noted that, as of December 31, 2022 and, 2021, there was no intent to sell any of its available-for-sale 
debt securities before maturity, and, therefore, the Company assessed the need for an allowance for each of its available-for-sale debt 
securities in which the fair value was less than its amortized cost as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Accrued interest receivable on 
available-for-sale debt securities, which is included in other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 
and  2021,  which  totaled  less  than  $0.1  million  and  was  excluded  from  the  estimate  of  credit  losses  for  both  periods  based  on  the 
Company’s accounting policy election. Income generated from available-for-sale debt securities was recorded as interest and dividend 
income in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. 

The Company had 99 positions in available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2022. 
See Note 6 for additional information. 

For those available-for-sale debt securities whose fair value was less than its amortized cost basis, the Company analyzed additional 
criteria such as adverse conditions specifically related to the security, an industry or geographic area, failure of the issuer of the security 
to make scheduled interest or principal payments, if applicable, and any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency to 
determine if a credit loss existed. The Company used information provided by its investment manager to determine if any scheduled 
interest or principal payments had not been received and used a third party to determine if any changes to credit ratings had occurred. 
Principal and interest payments are considered past due when payment has not been received based on scheduled terms of each debt 
security. The Company ceases to accrue interest on debt securities on a case by case basis. As of December 31, 2022, the Company 
noted that all principal and interest payments had been received as scheduled and that there had been no changes in credit ratings year-
over-year or period-over-period that warranted further review. 

No allowance for credit losses was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 related to the Company’s available-for-
sale debt securities. 
Note 22 – (Loss) Earnings per Share 

The calculations of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows: 

(In thousands, except for per share amounts) 
Numerator 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Net (Loss) Income attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 

 $ 

(2,037 )   $ 

(8,635)   $ 

2,378 

Denominator 

Weighted average number of shares – basic 
Effect of dilutive securities: 

PSUs, RSUs and restricted stock 
Weighted average number of shares – diluted 

62,346  

—  
62,346  

48,582 

— 
48,582 

(Loss) earnings per share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. – basic 
(Loss) earnings per share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. – diluted 

 $ 
 $ 

(0.03 )   $ 
(0.03 )   $ 

(0.18)   $ 
(0.18)   $ 

47,996 

292 
48,288 
0.05 
0.05 

For each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, less than 0.1 million, 0.1 million and 0.1 million shares of unvested or 
unearned, as applicable, PSUs, RSUs and restricted stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted (loss) earnings per share due to 
their anti-dilutive effect. 

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020,  0.2  million,  0.3  million  and  3.6  million  stock  options,  respectively,  were 
outstanding but were not included in the computation of diluted (loss) earnings per share due to their exercise prices being greater than 
the average market price of the common shares during the quarter, making them anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method. 

132  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Note 23 – Restructuring 

During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company initiated a multi-year integration program designed to optimize the assets, business 
processes, and information technology systems of the Company in relation to the Business Combination with ADVA. The integration 
program is expected to maximize cost synergies by realizing operation scale, combining sales channels, streamlining corporate and 
general and administrative functions and combining sourcing and production costs. 

During the second half of 2019, the Company initiated a restructuring plan to realign its expense structure with the reduction in revenue 
experienced in recent years and overall Company objectives. As part of this restructuring plan, the Company announced plans to reduce 
its overall operating expenses, both in the U.S. and internationally. This plan was completed and all amounts paid in 2021.  

In February 2019, the Company announced the restructuring of a certain portion of its workforce predominantly in Germany, which 
included the closure of the Company’s office location in Munich, Germany accompanied by relocation or severance benefits for the 
affected employees. Voluntary early retirement was offered to certain other employees and was announced in March 2019 and again in 
August 2020. This plan was completed in 2021 and all amounts paid in 2022.  

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending restructuring liability, which is included in accrued wages and benefits in the Consolidated 
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, is as follows: 

(In thousands) 
Balance at beginning of period 

Plus: Amounts charged to cost and expense 
Less: Amounts paid 
Balance at end of period 

 $ 

 $ 

2022 

2021 

 $ 

1,514  
1,629  
(2,984 )    
 $ 
159  

4,186 
411 
(3,083) 
1,514 

Restructuring expenses included in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income are for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 
2020: 

(In thousands) 
     Network solutions - cost of revenue 
     Services & support - cost of revenue 
Cost of revenue 
Selling, general and administrative expenses 
Research and development expenses 
Total restructuring expenses 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

2022 

2021 

2020 

8  $ 

— 

8  $ 

117 
1,504 
1,629  $ 

13  $ 

3 

16  $ 
221 
174 
411 

 $ 

220  
235  
455  
1,832  
3,942  
6,229  

The following table represents the components of restructuring expense by geographic area for the years ended December 31, 2022, 
2021 and 2020: 

(In thousands) 

2022 

2021 

2020 

United States 
International 
Total restructuring expenses 

 $ 

 $ 

2  $ 

1,627 
1,629  $ 

289  $ 
122 
411 

 $ 

2,234  
3,995  
6,229  

Financial Information  133 

 
  
 
 
   
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
 
Note 24 – Subsequent Events 

Dividend approval 

On February 20, 2023, the Company announced that its Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.09 per common 
share to be paid to the Company’s stockholders of record at the close of business on March 7, 2023. The payment date will be March 
21, 2023 in the aggregate amount of approximately $7.0 million. 

Effectiveness of the Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement 

The DPLTA between the Company, as the controlling company, and ADVA Optical Networking SE, as the controlled company as 
executed  on  December  1,  2022,  became  effective  on  January  16,  2023,  as  a  result  of  its  registration  with  the  commercial  register 
(Handelsregister) of the local court (Amtsgericht) at the registered seat of ADVA (Jena). 

Under the DPLTA, subject to certain limitations pursuant to applicable law and the specific terms of the DPLTA, (i) the Company is 

entitled to issue binding instructions to the management board of ADVA, (ii) ADVA will transfer its annual profit to the Company, 
subject to, among other things, the creation or dissolution of certain reserves, and (iii) the Company will generally absorb the annual net 
loss incurred by ADVA. The obligation of ADVA to transfer its annual profit to the Company applies for the first time to the profit 
generated in the ADVA fiscal year 2023. The obligation of the Company to absorb ADVA’s annual net loss applies for the first time to 
the loss generated in the ADVA fiscal year 2023. 

Expansion of Wells Fargo Line of Credit & Payoff of ADVA Loans. 

Upon the DPLTA becoming effective on January 16, 2023, the available total borrowings under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement 
increased from $100 million to $400 million. On January 31, 2023, the Company increased its borrowings under the Credit Agreement 
from $60.0 million to $187.5 million. In February 2023, the borrowings under the Credit Agreement were paid down by $7.5 million, 
leaving  $180.0  million  of  borrowings  as  of  February  28,  2023.  After  considering  our  outstanding  letters  of  credit,  this  leaves  the 
Company approximately $198.7 million available for future borrowings as of February 28, 2023. The Company used approximately 
$51.4 million of the proceeds from the borrowings under the Credit Agreement to retire the outstanding borrowings under ADVA's 
syndicated credit agreement note payable, syndicated credit agreement working capital line of credit and the Nord/LB revolving line of 
credit. ADVA's $9.1 million of borrowings under their revolving line of credit with DZ bank remains outstanding. 

Integration Bonus Plan 

On March 1, 2023, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company established an “Integration Bonus Plan” 
consisting of a combination of performance-based performance stock units ("PSUs") and cash bonus award amounts (together with the 
PSUs, the “Integration Awards”). Under the Integration Bonus Plan, certain key employees of the Company, including the Company’s 
named executive officers as disclosed in the most recent proxy statement filed by the Company with the SEC (the “Participants”), are 
eligible to earn the Integration Awards over a performance period beginning upon the date of the grant and ending on December 31, 
2024 based on the achievement of cost savings targets related to the Business Combination. See Item 9B. Other Information of this 
report for addition information. 

134  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
ITEM  9.  CHANGES  IN  AND  DISAGREEMENTS  WITH  ACCOUNTANTS  ON  ACCOUNTING  AND  FINANCIAL 
DISCLOSURE 

None. 

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be 
disclosed  by  us  in  reports  that  we  file  or  submit  under  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended  (the  “Exchange  Act”),  is 
recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms promulgated by the SEC, and 
that  such  information  is  accumulated  and  communicated  to  our  management,  including  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  our  Chief 
Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Because of the inherent limitations to the 
effectiveness of  any system  of  disclosure  controls  and procedures,  no  evaluation of disclosure  controls  and procedures  can provide 
absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, with a company have been prevented or detected on a timely basis. Even disclosure 
controls and procedures determined to be effective can only provide reasonable assurance that their objectives are achieved. 

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out by management, including our Chief Executive Officer 
and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-
15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, which excluded the impact of the acquisition of a controlling 
equity stake in ADVA discussed below, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure 
controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2022. 

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Management  of  ADTRAN  Holdings,  Inc.  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting  as  defined  in  Rule  13a-15(f)  under  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended.  ADTRAN’s  internal  control  over 
financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of 
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. ADTRAN’s internal control 
over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: 

 

 

 

pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of 
the assets of ADTRAN; 

provide  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  financial  statements  in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of ADTRAN are being made only 
in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of ADTRAN; and 

provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized  acquisition,  use  or  disposition  of 
ADTRAN’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections 
of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

Management assessed the effectiveness of ADTRAN’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In making 
this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 
("COSO") in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). 

As permitted by SEC guidance, we currently exclude ADVA in our evaluation of internal control over financial reporting and related 
disclosure controls and procedures for the first year after the Business Combination. See “Changes in Internal Control over Financial 
Reporting” for additional discussion.  

Based  on  our  assessment  and  those  criteria,  management  has  concluded  that  ADTRAN  maintained  effective  internal  control  over 
financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. 

The  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2022  has  been  audited  by 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears in Item 8. 

Financial Information  135 

 
  
 
 
 
Auditor Attestation Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

The attestation report of our registered public accounting firm on our internal control over financial reporting is included in Part II, Item 
8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of this report. 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.   

On July 15, 2022, the Company acquired 33,957,538 bearer shares of ADVA, or 65.43% of ADVA’s outstanding bearer shares as of 
such date, as further described in Note 2 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. At December 31, 2022, 
ADVA’s assets represented approximately 41.4% of our consolidated assets. For the year ended December 31, 2022, ADVA’s revenues 
represented approximately 35.7% of our consolidated revenues and loss before income taxes represented approximately 43.8% of our 
consolidated loss before income taxes. As permitted by SEC guidance, we currently exclude ADVA in our evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting and related disclosure controls and procedures for the first year after the Business Combination. However, we 
are in the process of extending our oversight and monitoring processes that support our internal control over financial reporting and 
disclosure controls and procedures to include ADVA’s operations. There were no other changes in the Company’s internal control over 
financial  reporting  that  occurred  during  the  most  recent  fiscal  quarter  covered  by  this  report  that  have  materially  affected,  or  are 
reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting. 

136  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION 

On March 1, 2023, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company established an “Integration Bonus Plan” 
consisting of a combination of performance-based performance stock units (“PSUs”) and cash bonus award amounts (together with the 
PSUs, the “Integration Awards”). Under the Integration Bonus Plan, certain key employees of the Company, including the Company’s 
named executive officers as disclosed in the most recent proxy statement filed by the Company with the SEC (the “Participants”), are 
eligible to earn the Integration Awards over a performance period beginning upon the date of the grant, March 1, 2023, and ending on 
December  31, 2024 based on  the  achievement  of  cost  savings  targets  related  to  the  Business  Combination during such  period.  The 
Compensation Committee chose the performance measure of “Company Synergy Achievement” in order to incentivize the Participants 
to  drive  cost  savings  and  expected  synergies  following  the  closing  of  the  Business  Combination,  and  it  approved  a  target  level  of 
synergies against which the Company’s non-GAAP expenses will be measured. For purposes of measuring performance, the Company’s 
GAAP expenses will be adjusted for restructuring expenses; acquisition-related expenses, amortizations and adjustments; stock-based 
compensation expense; amortization of actuarial pension losses and the impact of equity market changes on deferred compensation 
expenses; non-operating income; and any other exclusions adopted by the Company. 

If the Company Synergy Achievement over the performance period reaches the performance levels noted below, the Participants will 
be entitled to a corresponding number of shares of the Company’s common stock under the PSUs:   

 

 

 

If Company Synergy Achievement is less than the threshold amount, the Participants will not earn any shares under the 
performance-based PSUs. 

If Company Synergy Achievement is greater than or equal to the threshold amount but less than the target amount, the 
Participants will earn shares under the performance-based PSUs equal to 33% of their base salary (as of the date of grant). 

If the Company Synergy Achievement is greater than or equal to the target amount, the Participants will earn shares under 
the performance-based PSUs equal to 66% of their base salary. 

If the threshold level of Company Synergy Achievement is reached, the Participants are also eligible to receive a cash award up to 66% 
of their base salary (as of the date of grant) based on the percentage of individual objectives related to cost savings achieved by each 
Participant, as determined by the Compensation Committee. If the target level of Company Synergy Achievement is achieved and all of 
the individual objectives are achieved, the Participants will earn a maximum amount under the Integration Bonus Plan equal to 132% 
of their base salary, as reflected below:  

Named Executive Officer 
Thomas R. Stanton 
Michael K. Foliano (1) 
James D. Wilson, Jr. 
Ronald D. Centis 
Raymond Harris 

Base Salary (as of 
March 1, 2023) 

Value of 
Threshold PSU 
Award (33% of 
Base Salary) 

Value of Target 
PSU Award (66% 
of Base Salary) 

Target Cash 
Award (66% of 
Base Salary) 

Max Total Value of 
Integration Bonus 
Award 

 $ 
 $ 
 $ 
 $ 
 $ 

1,000,000 
— 
405,072 
349,398 
313,611 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

330,000 
— 
133,674 
115,301 
103,492 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

660,000 
— 
267,348 
230,603 
206,983 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

660,000 
— 
267,348 
230,603 
206,983 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

1,320,000 
— 
534,696 
461,206 
413,966 

(1)   Mr. Foliano did not receive an integration bonus award due to his target award for 2023 under the Variable Incentive Compensation Plan being increased from 60% of base salary to 80% of base salary 

and due to a one-time bonus earned at the end of 2022 related to the Business Combination. 

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS 

None. 

Financial Information  137 

 
  
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 

PART III 

Code of Ethics 

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which applies to all employees, officers and directors of ADTRAN. The Code 
of Business Conduct and Ethics meets the requirements of a "code of ethics" as defined by Item 406 of Regulation S-K, and applies to 
our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer (who is both our principal financial and principal accounting officer), as well as all 
other employees, as indicated above. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics also meets the requirements of a code of conduct under 
NASDAQ listing standards. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on our website at www.adtran.com under the links 
"About – Investor Relations – Corporate Governance – Charters and Documents – Code of Business Conduct and Ethics." We intend to 
disclose any amendments to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, as well as any waivers for executive officers or directors, on our 
website at www.adtran.com. 

Certain information required by this Item regarding ADTRAN’s executive officers is included in Part I of this report under the caption 
“Information about our Executive Officers” in accordance with the Instructions to Item 401 of Regulation S-K. 

Other  information  required  by  this  Item  is  incorporated  by  reference  pursuant  to  General  Instruction  G(3)  of  Form  10-K  from 
ADTRAN’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2022 Proxy Statement”) to be filed with the 
SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A. 

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K from the 2022 
Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A. 

ITEM  12.  SECURITY  OWNERSHIP  OF  CERTAIN  BENEFICIAL  OWNERS  AND  MANAGEMENT  AND  RELATED 
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans 

The following table provides information about our common stock that may be issued under all of our existing equity compensation 
plans as of December 31, 2022, which includes the 2020 Employee Stock Plan and the 2020 Directors Stock Plan (the “Plans”). Each 
of the Plans has been approved by our stockholders. 

Plan Category 
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders 
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders 
Total 

Number of securities 
to be issued upon 
exercise of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights  
(a)(1) 

Weighted average 
exercise price of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights 
(b)(1) 

Number of securities 
remaining available 
for future issuance 
under equity 
compensation plans 
(excluding securities 
reflected in column 
(a))  
(c )(1) 

4,234,225 
— 
4,234,225 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

9.06  
—  
9.06  

3,311,439   (2) 

—  

3,311,439   (2) 

(1)  Excludes shares of ADTRAN common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options originally granted under ADVA’s Stock 
Option  Rights  Program  2011  (the  “ADVA  Option  Plan”)  and  which  were  assumed  by  ADTRAN  in  connection  with  the 
consummation of the Business Combination (the “Assumed Options”). As of December 31, 2022, 1,964,083 Assumed Options 
remained outstanding. The Assumed Options have a weighted-average exercise price of $11.21. 

(2)  Represents 3,030,263 shares of common stock available for future issuance pursuant to the 2020 Employee Stock Plan (assuming 
target payout of outstanding performance share awards) and 281,176 shares of common stock available for future issuance pursuant 
to the 2020 Directors Stock Plan. Certain shares underlying awards that are forfeited, cancelled or terminated under the Plans will 
again be available for issuance under the 2020 Employee Stock Plan or the 2020 Directors Stock Plan, as applicable and as described 
in Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report. 

The other information required by this Item is incorporated by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K from the 
2022 Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A. 

138  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE 

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K from the 2022 
Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A. 

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K from the 2022 
Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A. 

Financial Information  139 

 
  
PART IV 

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 

Documents Filed as Part of This Report. 

1. Consolidated Financial Statements 

The consolidated financial statements of ADTRAN and the report of independent registered public accounting firm thereon 
are set forth under Part II, Item 8 of this report. 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 

Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

2. Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule 

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 

3. Exhibits 

The following exhibits are filed with or incorporated by reference in this report. Where such filing is made by incorporation by reference 
to a previously filed registration statement or report, such registration statement or report is identified in parentheses. We will furnish 
any exhibit upon request to: ADTRAN Holdings, Inc., Attn: Investor Relations, 901 Explorer Boulevard, Huntsville, Alabama 35806. 
There is a charge of $0.50 per page to cover expenses for copying and mailing. 

Effective as of July 8 2022, ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. became the successor to ADTRAN, Inc. Any reference to "ADTRAN, Inc." in 
these exhibits should be read as "ADTRAN Holdings, Inc." as set forth in the Exhibit List below. 

Exhibit 
Number 

2.1 

  Business  Combination  Agreement,  dated  August  30,  2021,  by  and  among  ADTRAN,  Inc.,  Acorn  HoldCo,  Inc.,  Acorn
MergeCo, Inc. and ADVA Optical Networking SE (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to ADTRAN’s Form 8-K filed 
August 30, 2021) 

Description 

2.2 

  Irrevocable Undertaking, dated August 30, 2021, by and among Acorn HoldCo, Inc., EGORA Holding GmbH and Egora

Investments GmbH (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2,2 to ADTRAN’s Form 8-K filed August 30, 2021) 

3.1 

  Amended  and  Restated  Certificate  of  Incorporation  of  ADTRAN,  Inc.  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  3.1  to

ADTRAN's Form 8-K filed July 8, 2022) 

3.2 

  Amended and Restated Bylaws of ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to ADTRAN's Form

8-K filed July 8, 2022). 

4.1 

  Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to ADTRAN’s Form 10-K filed February 25, 2020). 

10.1 

  Management Contracts and Compensatory Plans: 

  (a) 

  ADTRAN, Inc. Variable Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's 

Form 8-K filed May 9, 2011). 

  (b) 

  Form of Notice Letter under the ADTRAN, Inc. Variable Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to

Exhibit 10.3(b) to ADTRAN’s Form 10-K filed February 25, 2020). 

  (c) 

  ADTRAN,  Inc.  2006  Employee  Stock  Incentive  Plan  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.1  to  ADTRAN’s

Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-133927) filed May 9, 2006). 

  (d) 

  First Amendment to the ADTRAN, Inc. 2006 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit

10.3(h) to ADTRAN’s 2007 Form 10-K filed February 28, 2008). 

140  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (e) 

  Form  of  Nonqualified  Stock  Option  Agreement  under  the  2006  Employee  Stock  Incentive  Plan  (incorporated  by

reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed June 8, 2006). 

  (f) 

  Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2006 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 

to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 8-K filed June 8, 2006). 

  (g) 

  Summary of Non-Employee Director Compensation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3(k) to the Company's

2006 Form 10-K filed February 28, 2007). 

  (h) 

  ADTRAN, Inc. 2010 Directors Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to ADTRAN’s Form S-8 filed 

July 30, 2010). 

  (i) 

  Form  of  Stock  Option  Award  Agreement  under  the  ADTRAN,  Inc.  2010  Directors  Stock  Plan  (incorporated  by

reference to Exhibit 10.3(k) to the Company's Form 10-K filed February 25, 2020). 

  (j) 

  Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the ADTRAN, Inc. 2010 Directors Stock Plan (incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 10.3(l) to the Company's Form 10-K filed February 25, 2020). 

  (k) 

  ADTRAN, Inc. 2015 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's

Form 8-K filed May 15, 2015). 

  (l) 

  Form of Performance Shares Agreement under the ADTRAN, Inc. 2015 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company's Form S-8 filed December 21, 2016). 

  (m)    Form  of  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Agreement  under  the  ADTRAN,  Inc.  2015  Employee  Stock  Incentive  Plan

(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed November 16, 2016). 

  (n) 

  Form of Option Award Agreement under the ADTRAN, Inc. 2015 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 10.3(p) to the Company's Form 10-K filed February 25, 2020). 

  (o) 

  ADTRAN,  Inc.  Deferred  Compensation  Program  for  Employees,  as  amended  and  restated  as  of  June  1,  2010

(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3(n) to the Company's Form 10-K filed February 24, 2016). 

  (p) 

  ADTRAN,  Inc.  Deferred  Compensation  Program  for  Directors,  as  amended  and  restated  as  of  June  1,  2010

(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3(o) to the Company's Form 10-K filed February 24, 2016). 

  (q) 

  ADTRAN, Inc. Equity Deferral Program for Employees, as amended and restated as of October 1, 2011 (incorporated 

by reference to Exhibit 10.3(p) to the Company's Form 10-K filed February 24, 2016). 

  (r) 

  ADTRAN, Inc. Equity Deferral Program for Directors, as amended and restated as of October 1, 2011 (incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 10.3(q) to the Company's Form 10-K filed February 24, 2016). 

  (s) 

  Form of Clawback Agreement, entered into between ADTRAN, Inc. and each executive officer of ADTRAN, Inc. 

(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3(x) to the Company's Form 10-K filed February 25, 2020). 

  (t)*    Amended and Restated ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 2020 Employee Stock Incentive Plan. 

  (u)*    Amended and Restated ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 2020 Directors Stock Plan 

  (v) 

  Form of Notice Letter with respect to RSU and PSU awards under the ADTRAN, Inc. 2020 Employee Stock Incentive

Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 (ae) to the Company's Form 10-K filed February 26, 2021). 

  (w) 

  Form of ADTRAN Sales Incentive Compensation Program – General Terms (participants include James D. Wilson)

(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3(ad) to the Company’s Form 10-K filed February 26, 2021)  

  (x) 

  Form of Notice Letter with respect to restricted stock awards under the ADTRAN, Inc. 2020 Directors Stock Incentive

Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3(af) to the Company's Form 10-K filed February 26, 2021). 

  (y) 

  Form of Market-Based Performance Stock Unit Agreement under the ADTRAN, Inc. 2020 Employee Stock Incentive

Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 10-Q filed May 6, 2021) 

  (z) 

  Form  of  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Agreement  under  the  ADTRAN,  Inc.  2020  Employee  Stock  Incentive  Plan 

(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 10-Q filed May 6, 2021) 

Financial Information  141 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
  (aa)    Form of Performance Shares Agreement (and Notice Letter) under the ADTRAN, Inc. 2020 Employee Stock Incentive

Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Form 10-Q filed May 6, 2021) 

  (ab)    Form of Performance Shares Agreement under the ADTRAN, Inc. 2015 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Form 10-Q filed May 6, 2021) 

  (ac)    Amended  and  Restated  Variable  Incentive  Compensation  Plan  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  to  the

Company's Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2023) 

  (ad)    Form of VICC Award Letter for Quarterly Bonus Program (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's 

Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2023) 

  (ae)    Employment  Agreement  dated  July  13,  2022  by  and  between  Thomas  R.  Stanton  and  ADTRAN  Holdings,  Inc.

(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed July 15, 2022) 

  (af)    Settlement  Agreement,  dated  August  4,  2022,  by  and  between  ADVA  Optical  Networking  SE  and  Brian  Protiva

(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed September 30, 2022) 

  (ag)*   Form of 2022 Integration Award Agreement for ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 

10.2 

  Credit Agreement dated July 18, 2022, by and among ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. and ADTRAN, Inc. as borrowers, in favor
of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K 
filed July 22, 2022) 

10.3 

  Collateral Agreement dated July 18, 2022, by and among ADTRAN Holdings, Inc., ADTRAN, Inc., and Wells Fargo Bank,

National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed July 22, 2022) 

10.4 

10.5 

  Guaranty Agreement dated July 18, 2022, by and between ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. and ADTRAN, Inc. in favor of Wells
Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed July 22, 2022)

  Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement between ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. and ADVA Optical Networking SE,
dated November 30, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed December 5, 2022) 

 21* 

  Subsidiaries of ADTRAN. 

 23* 

 24* 

 31* 

 32* 

101 

  Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. 

  Powers of Attorney. 

  Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications. 

  Section 1350 Certifications. 

  The following financial statements from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 

2021, formatted in inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) 
Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated 
Statements of Changes in Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements, and (vii) Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts. 

104 

  Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) 

* Furnished or filed herewith, as applicable 

(P) Indicates a paper filing with the SEC. 

+ Schedules and exhibits omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish a copy of any omitted 
schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request. 

† Confidential treatment has been requested as to certain portions of this document. Each such portion, which has been omitted therein 
and replaced with an asterisk (*), has been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. 

142  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY 

ADTRAN has elected not to provide a summary of the information contained in this report at this time. 
SIGNATURES 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report 
to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 1, 2023. 

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.  
(Registrant) 

By:   /s/ Michael Foliano 
  Michael Foliano 
  Senior Vice President of Finance and 
  Chief Financial Officer 
  (Principal Accounting Officer) 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on 
behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 1, 2023. 

Signature 

  Title 

Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive 
Officer) 

Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer (Principal 
Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) 

  Director 

  Director 

  Director 

  Director 

  Director 

  Director 

  Director 

  Director 

/s/ Thomas R. Stanton 
Thomas R. Stanton 

/s/ Michael Foliano 
Michael Foliano 

/s/ Johanna Hey* 
Johanna Hey 

/s/ H. Fenwick Huss* 
H. Fenwick Huss 

/s/ Gregory McCray* 
Gregory McCray 

/s/ Balan Nair* 
Balan Nair 

/s/ Brian Protiva* 
Brian Protiva 

/s/ Jacqueline H. Rice* 
Jacqueline H. Rice 

/s/ Nikos Theodosopoulos* 
Nikos Theodosopoulos 

/s/ Kathryn A. Walker* 
Kathryn A. Walker 

*By:   /s/ Michael Foliano 

  Michael Foliano as Attorney in Fact 

Financial Information  143 

 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 

SCHEDULE II 
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS 

(In thousands) 
Year ended December 31, 2022 
Allowance for Credit Losses 
Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance 
Year ended December 31, 2021 
Allowance for Credit Losses 
Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance 
Year ended December 31, 2020 
Allowance for Credit Losses 
Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance 

Balance at 
Beginning 
of Period 

Charged to 
Costs & 
Expenses 

    Deductions 

Balance at 
End of 
Period 

 $ 
 $ 

 $ 
 $ 

 $ 
 $ 

— 
50,564 

38 
45,818 

38 
48,616 

49 
— 

— 
45,363 

 $ 
 $ 

49 
5,201 

(38)    

6,347 

— 
1,601 

 $ 
 $ 

— 
50,564 

— 
5,120 

— 
7,918 

 $ 
 $ 

38 
45,818 

144  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Exhibit 10.1(ag) 

ADTRAN HOLDINGS, INC.  
2023 INTEGRATION AWARD AGREEMENT 

This 2023 Integration Award Agreement (this “Agreement”) sets forth the specified terms of a grant of a special 
integration award (the “Integration Award”) in connection with the business combination (the “Business Combination”) 
between ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) and ADVA Optical Networking SE. Specifically, the applicable grantee 
(the “Participant”) named in the Morgan Stanley StockPlan Connect (the “Portal”) is eligible to earn an Integration Award 
with  a  maximum  total  value  set  forth in  the  Portal,  which  is  comprised  of  (i)  the opportunity to  earn up  to 66%  of  the 
Participant’s base salary in Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”), with such PSUs being issued pursuant to the ADTRAN 
Holdings,  Inc.  2020  Employee  Stock  Incentive  Plan  (the  “Plan”),  and  (ii)  the  opportunity  to  earn  up  to  66%  of  the 
Participant’s  base  salary  in  cash  (the  “Cash  Award”).    All  capitalized  terms  used  but  not  defined  herein  shall  have  the 
meanings ascribed to such terms in the Plan. 

Performance Period:  The period beginning on the date of grant set forth in the Portal (the “Date of Grant”) and 

ending on December 31, 2024 (the “Performance Period”). 

Calculation of Earned Integration Award:  The Participant is eligible to earn the Integration Award based on the 
Company’s achievement of cost savings targets related to the Business Combination (the “Performance Goal”) during the 
Performance Period.  See Exhibit A attached hereto. 

Payment and Issuance of Earned Integration Award:  Except in connection with a Separation from Service prior 
to the end of the Performance Period, in which case the timing of payment and issuance of any earned Integration Award 
shall be governed by the Plan, the Company will pay the Cash Award, if any, and issue one share of the Company’s Common 
Stock for every earned PSU, if any, to the Participant as soon as administratively practicable following the date that the 
Compensation Committee certifies the level of achievement of the Performance Goal in accordance with Exhibit A (and in 
any event within two and one-half (2 ½) months following the end of the Performance Period); provided, however, if any 
law or regulation requires the Company to take any action (including, but not limited to, the filing of a registration statement 
under the 1933 Act and causing such registration statement to become effective) with respect to such shares of Common 
Stock before the delivery thereof, then the date of delivery of the shares shall be extended for the period necessary to take 
such action, to the maximum extent permitted by Section 409A of the Code.     

Dividend Credits:  The Participant shall receive dividend credits upon the Company’s payment of cash dividends 

for its Common Stock during the Performance Period as follows: 

(1)   The Participant shall receive dividend credits on the target number of PSUs awarded on the Date of Grant (the 
“Original PSUs”), with the amount of such dividend credits credited to the Participant in the form of additional unearned 
PSUs, as calculated pursuant to the Plan.   

(2)   The Participant’s additional PSUs attributable to any dividend credits will be deemed earned in accordance with 

the schedule as the Original PSUs (as described above). 

(3)  

The delivery of additional PSUs attributable to dividend credits shall be made in a cash payment on the 

same date as the issuance of the Common Stock for the earned PSUs.   

Separation from Service:  In the event the Participant incurs a Separation from Service for any reason prior to the 

end of the Performance Period, the treatment of the Integration Award shall be governed by the terms of the Plan. 

Financial Information  145 

 
  
 
 
 
 
Designation of Beneficiary:  The Participant hereby designates the following individual as the beneficiary of this 

Agreement: 

Participant Name:    
Beneficiary Name:   
Address:  
Relationship:   

□ Check this box to apply the above beneficiary designation to all prior grants. 

To   complete   this   beneficiary   designation,   this   Agreement   should   be   printed   out, the information above 
should be  completed,  and  the  Agreement  should  be  forwarded  to ________.  The Participant may modify this beneficiary 
designation by submitting the change in writing to the Company.  Beneficiary designations are not effective until received 
by the Company.  If no beneficiary is designated, then except as may be provided in the Plan, any benefits due hereunder 
following the death of the Participant will be paid to the Participant’s estate. 

The PSUs granted above are subject to all restrictions, terms and conditions set forth in the Plan.  In the event of 
any  inconsistency  between  this  Agreement  and  the  Plan,  the  provisions  of  the  Plan  shall  govern.    The  Participant  has 
received a copy of the Plan’s prospectus, including a copy of the Plan.  The Participant agrees to the terms of this Agreement, 
which may be amended only upon a written agreement signed by the parties hereto. 

If there are any questions regarding this Agreement or the Integration Award, please refer to the Plan or contact 

Joia Thompson at _______.  

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.   

146  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT A 

Calculation of Earned Integration Award 

The calculation of the earned Integration Award, if any, will be determined based on the Company’s achievement of cost 
savings targets related to the Business Combination (“Company Synergy Achievement”) during the Performance Period.  
Company Synergy Achievement is calculated, using the Company’s audited financial results, as the Company’s non-GAAP 
expenses,  adjusted  for  restructuring  expenses;  acquisition-related expenses,  amortizations,  and  adjustments;  stock-based 
compensation  expense;  amortization  of  actuarial  pension  losses  and  the  impact  of  equity  market  changes  on  deferred 
compensation expenses; non-operating income; and any other non-GAAP exclusions adopted by the Company.  Company 
Synergy Achievement will be compared to the Company’s projected cost savings due to the Business Combination over the 
Performance  Period  (the  “Synergy  Budget  Target”).    If  necessary,  the  Synergy  Budget  Target  will  be  updated  by  the 
Company’s Finance department during the Performance Period in the case of organizational changes, M&A activity, and 
other  modifications  to  the  organization  and  business.    The  final  performance  of  the  Company  Synergy  Achievement 
compared to the Synergy Budget Target will be audited and approved by the Company’s Internal Audit department. 

Calculation of Earned PSUs 
The Participant is eligible to earn a percentage of Base Salary (as defined below) in PSUs based on the chart below: 

Company Synergy Achievement 
[___] 
[___] 
[___] 

Earned PSUs as % of Base Salary  
0% 
33% 
66% 

“Base  Salary”  is  determined  as  of  the  Date  of  Grant  but  may  be  adjusted  for  certain  individuals  with  changing 
responsibilities due to the Business Combination. 

Note that $[__] is considered the “threshold” level of Company Synergy Achievement, and such level must be achieved for 
any PSUs to be issued, and $[___] is considered the “target” level of Company Synergy Achievement.  The number of PSUs 
issued will be based on the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock, as defined in Section 2.18(a) of the Plan, on the date 
that the Compensation Committee certifies the level of Company Synergy Achievement. 

Calculation of Earned Cash Award 
If the threshold level of Company Synergy Achievement is reached, the Participant is also eligible to earn between 0% and 
66% of base salary (as of the Date of Grant) based on the percentage of individual objectives related to cost savings achieved 
by the Participant, as determined by the Compensation Committee.  For the sale of clarity, if the target level of Company 
Synergy Achievement is achieved and all the individual objectives are achieved, the Participant will earn the maximum 
Integration Award equal to 132% of the Participant’s Base Salary. 

Example Calculations 

Company Synergy 
Achievement 
$[___]M 
$[___]M 
$[___]M 
$[___]M 

Earned PSUs as % of 
Base Salary 
0% 
33% 
33% 
66% 

Individual Objectives 
Achievement 
100% 
50% 
100% 
100% 

Earned Cash Award as % 
of Base Salary 
0% 
33% 
66% 
66% 

Financial Information  147 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Exhibit 10.1(t) 

ADTRAN HOLDINGS, INC. 

2020 EMPLOYEE STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN 

Originally effective May 13, 2020 
Amended and Restated Effective July 8, 2022 

148  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ADTRAN HOLDINGS, INC. 

AMENDED AND RESTATED 
2020 EMPLOYEE STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN 

ARTICLE I 
PLAN INFORMATION 

1.1 

Background.  ADTRAN, Inc. (the “ADTRAN, Inc.”), predecessor to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 
(the “Company”), initially adopted this equity incentive plan for the benefit of its employees to replace certain 
Prior Plans; provided, however, that notwithstanding that replacement, the Prior Plans shall remain in effect with 
respect to outstanding awards as long as the awards thereunder are outstanding.  This plan was assumed by the 
Company,  as  the  successor  to  ADTRAN,  Inc.,  at  the  closing  of the Merger for  the benefit  of the Company’s 
employees  and  was  amended  and  restated  effective  July  8,  2022.  This  plan  shall  be  known  as  the  ADTRAN 
Holdings, Inc. 2020 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the “Plan”).  

1.2 

General  Purpose.    The  purpose  of  the  Plan  is  to  further  the  growth  and  development  of  the 
Company by offering employees and key service providers and advisors of the Company and its Subsidiaries the 
opportunity to own a proprietary interest in the Company.  The Company intends that the Plan will provide such 
individuals with an added incentive to continue in the employ and/or service, promote the growth, efficiency and 
profitability, and help to attract outstanding individuals to the service, of the Company and its Subsidiaries. 

1.3 

Types of Awards Available Under the Plan.  The Plan permits Awards of Stock Options, Stock 
Appreciation  Rights  (“SARs”),  Restricted  Stock,  and  Restricted  Stock  Units  (“RSUs”).    The  types  of  Stock 
Options permitted under the Plan are incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and nonqualified stock options (“NQSOs”). 

1.4 

Intended Tax Effects of Awards.  The Company intends that ISOs granted under the Plan qualify 
as incentive stock options under Code Section 422.  Restricted Stock Awards are subject to taxation under Code 
Section  83.    Nonqualified  Stock  Options  and  Stock  Appreciation  Rights  are  subject  to  taxation  when  the 
Nonqualified  Stock  Option  or  Stock  Appreciation  Right  is  exercised.    Restricted  Stock  Units  are  subject  to 
taxation when the underlying shares of Common Stock are issued to the Participant. 

1.5 

Effective  Date  of  the  Plan.    The  Plan  became  effective  on  the  date  of  its  approval  by  the 
stockholders  of  ADTRAN,  Inc.  on  May  13,  2020  (the  “Effective  Date”)  in  accordance  with  applicable  law 
(including, without limitation, approvals required under Rule 16b-3 and Code Section 422).  

1.6 

Term.  Unless earlier terminated by the Board pursuant to the provisions of Article IX hereof, the 
Plan  shall  remain  in  effect  until  the  tenth  (10th)  anniversary  of  the  Effective  Date;  provided,  however,  that 
notwithstanding its termination, the Plan shall remain in effect with respect to outstanding Awards as long as any 
Awards are outstanding. 

1.7 

Operation,  Administration  and  Definitions.    The  operation  and  administration  of  the  Plan  are 
subject to the provisions of this Plan document.  Capitalized terms used in the Plan are defined in Article II below 
or may be defined within the Plan. 

1.8 

Legal Compliance.  The Plan is intended to comply with (a) the requirements for ISOs under Code 
Section 422, (b) Code Section 409A, to the extent any Awards are treated as nonqualified deferred compensation 
under Code Section 409A, and (c) the exemption of Awards under the provisions of Rule 16b-3. 

Financial Information  149 

 
  
 
 
 
 
ARTICLE II   
PLAN DEFINITIONS 

The following words and phrases as used in this Plan shall have the meanings set forth in this Article unless 

a different meaning is clearly required by the context: 

2.1 

“Affiliate”  means  an  entity  that,  directly  or  indirectly,  controls,  is  controlled  by,  or  is  under 

common control with the Company, within the meaning of Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  

2.2 

“Award” means any award or benefit granted to Participant under the Plan, including, without 
limitation, the grant of Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock and/or Restricted Stock Units.  

2.3 

“Award Agreement” means the written (or electronic) agreement issued by the Company to the 

Participant that sets forth the terms and provisions of the Award granted under the Plan.  

2.4 

2.5 

“Base Value” means the per share base price of a Stock Appreciation Right. 

“Beneficiary” means, with respect to a Participant, the person(s) to whom the Participant’s Award 

shall be transferred upon the Participant’s death, determined as set forth in Section 10.1. 

2.6 

“Board” or “Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company. 

2.7 

“Cause” means, as defined in such Participant’s employment, severance or similar agreement (if 
any) with the Company or an Affiliate if such an agreement exists as of the Participant’s Separation from Service 
and contains a definition of cause (or a like term) or, if no such agreement exists or such agreement does not 
contain a definition of cause (or a like term), then Cause means:  

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

willful and continued failure to substantially perform his duties with the Company or any 
Affiliate within ten (10) business days after a written demand for substantial performance is 
delivered to the Participant which identifies the manner in which the Company or such Affiliate 
believes that the Participant has not substantially performed his duties;  

unlawful or willful misconduct which is economically injurious to the Company or to any Affiliate;  

commission  of,  or  a  plea  of  guilty  or  nolo  contendere  to,  a  felony  charge  (other  than  a  traffic 
violation);  

habitual drug or alcohol abuse that impairs the Participant’s ability to perform the essential duties 
of his position;  

(e) 

an act of embezzlement or fraud;  

(f) 

(g) 

competition with the business of the Company or an Affiliate, either directly or indirectly; or  

a  breach  of  any  provision  of  any  employment,  confidentiality,  intellectual  property  or  non-
competition agreement with the Company or an Affiliate, and to the extent curable, such breach is 
not cured by the Participant within ten (10) business days after a written notice is delivered to the 
Participant. 

150  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
2.8 
Date of this Plan: 

“Change of Control” means the occurrence of any of the following events on or after the Effective 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

Change in Ownership.  A change in the ownership of the Company occurs on the date that any one 
person, or more than one person acting as a group, acquires ownership of stock of the Company 
that, together with stock held by such person or group, constitutes more than fifty percent (50%) 
of the total fair market value or total voting power of the stock of the Company.  However, if any 
one person or more than one person acting as a group, is considered to own more than fifty percent 
(50%)  of  the  total  fair  market  value  or  total  voting  power  of  the  stock  of  the  Company,  the 
acquisition of additional stock by the same person or persons is not considered to cause a change 
in the ownership of the Company or to cause a change in the effective control of the Company 
(within the meaning of subsection (b) below).  An increase in the percentage of stock owned by 
any one person, or persons acting as a group, as a result of a transaction in which the Company 
acquires its stock in exchange for property, will be treated as an acquisition of stock for purposes 
of this Section.  This applies only when there is a transfer of stock of the Company (or issuance of 
stock of the Company) and stock in the Company remains outstanding after the transaction. 

Change in Effective Control.  A change in the effective control of the Company occurs on the date 
that either: (1) any one person, or more than one person acting as a group, acquires (or has acquired 
during the twelve (12) month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such 
person or persons) ownership of  stock of the Company possessing thirty-five percent (35%) or 
more of the total voting power of the stock of the Company; or (2) a majority of members of the 
Board is replaced during any twelve (12) month period by directors whose appointment or election 
is not endorsed by a majority of the members of the Board prior to the date of the appointment or 
election.  A change in effective control may occur in any transaction in which either of the two 
corporations involved in the transaction has a Change of Control; or 

Change  in  Ownership  of  a  Substantial  Portion  of  Assets.    A  change  in  the  ownership  of  a 
substantial portion of the Company’s assets shall occur on the date that any one person, or more 
than one person acting as a group, acquires (or has acquired during the twelve (12) month period 
ending  on  the  date  of  the  most  recent  acquisition  by  such  person  or  persons)  assets  from  the 
Company that have a total gross fair market value equal to or more than forty percent (40%) of the 
total  gross  fair  market  value  of  all  of  the  assets  of  the  Company  immediately  prior  to  such 
acquisition or acquisitions.  For this purpose, gross fair market value means the value of the assets 
of the Company, or the value of the assets being disposed of, determined without regard to any 
liabilities associated with such assets. 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if it is determined that an Award hereunder is subject to Code Section 
409A, the Company will not be deemed to have undergone a Change of Control unless the Company is deemed 
to have undergone a “change in ownership,” a “change in effective control,” or a “change in the ownership of a 
substantial portion of the assets,” within the meaning of Code Section 409A. 

2.9 

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.  A reference to any provision of 
the  Code  includes  any  regulations  and  formal  guidance  issued  thereunder  and  any  reference  to  any  successor 
provision of the Code. 

2.10 

“Committee”  means  the  committee  appointed  by  the  Board  pursuant  to  Section  3.2  hereof  to 
administer and interpret the Plan in accordance with Article III.  The Committee shall (a) consist of two or more 
individuals each of whom shall be, to the extent required by Rule 16b-3, a “non-employee director” as defined in 
Rule 16b-3, and (b) satisfy the applicable requirements of any stock exchange or national market system on which 
the Common Stock may then be listed.  

Financial Information  151 

 
  
2.11 

“Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share. 

2.12 

“Company” means ADTRAN Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and any successor thereto.  

2.13 

 “Disability” means a Participant is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason 
of any medically-determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which 
has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve (12) months.  A Participant 
shall be considered disabled only if he furnishes such proof of Disability as the Committee may reasonably require 
from time to time.  

2.14 

“Effective Date” means the effective date of this Plan, subject to shareholder approval as provided 

in Section 1.5. 

2.15 

“Employee” means any common law employee of the Company or a Subsidiary who is actively 

employed at the time the Award is made.     

2.16 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 

2.17 

“Exercise Price” means the purchase price of the shares of Common Stock underlying a Stock 

Option. 

2.18 

“Fair  Market  Value”  of  a  share  of  Common  Stock  as  of  a  date  of  determination  means  the 

following: 

(a) 

Stock Listed and Shares Traded.  If the Common Stock is listed and traded on a national securities 
exchange (as such term is defined by the Exchange Act) or on the NASDAQ National Market 
System on the date of determination, the Fair Market Value per share shall be the closing price of 
a share of the Common Stock on said national securities exchange or NASDAQ National Market 
System on the business day immediately preceding the date of determination.  If the Common 
Stock is traded in the over-the-counter market, the Fair Market Value per share shall be the closing 
price of a share on the business day immediately preceding the date of determination. 

(b) 

Stock  Listed  But  No  Shares  Traded.    If  the  Common  Stock  is  listed  on  a  national  securities 
exchange or on the NASDAQ National Market System but no shares of the Common Stock are 
traded on the date of determination but there were shares traded on dates within a reasonable period 
before the date of determination, the Fair Market Value shall be the closing price of a share of the 
Common Stock on the most recent date before the date of determination.  If the Common Stock is 
regularly traded in the over-the-counter market but no shares of the Common Stock are traded on 
the date of determination (or if records of such trades are unavailable or burdensome to obtain) but 
there were shares traded on dates within a reasonable period before the date of determination, the 
Fair  Market  Value  shall  be  the  average  of  the  closing  bid  and  asked  prices  of  a  share  of  the 
Common Stock on the most recent date before the date of determination on which trading occurred. 

(c) 

Stock Not Listed.  If the Common Stock is not listed on a national securities exchange or on the 
NASDAQ National Market System and is not regularly traded in the over-the-counter market, then 
the Committee shall determine the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock in a manner consistent 
with the requirements of Code Section 409A, and in the case of an ISO, in compliance with Code 
Section 422. 

In any event, the determination of Fair Market Value should be consistent with the requirements of Code 
Section 409A and in the case of an ISO, in compliance with Code Section 422.  The Committee’s determination 

152  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
of Fair Market Value, which shall be made pursuant to the foregoing provisions, shall be final and binding for all 
purposes of this Plan. 

2.19 

“Family Member” means a person who is a spouse, former spouse, child, stepchild, grandchild, 
parent,  stepparent,  grandparent,  niece,  nephew,  mother-in-law,  father-in-law,  son-in-law,  daughter-in-law, 
brother, sister, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships, of the Participant, any person 
sharing the Participant’s household (other than a tenant or employee), a trust in which any one or more of these 
persons have more than fifty percent (50%) of the beneficial interest, a foundation in which any one or more of 
these persons (or the Participant) control the management of assets, and any other entity in which one or more of 
these persons (or the Participant) own more than fifty percent (50%)  of the voting interests. 

2.20 

“Incentive Stock Option” or “ISO” means an option to purchase shares of Common Stock that is 
granted under Article VI hereof, designated as an incentive stock option, and intended to meet the requirements 
of Code Section 422. 

2.21 

“Merger” means the merger on July 8, 2022 of Acorn MergeCo, Inc., a Delaware corporation and 
then  wholly-owned  direct  subsidiary  of  the  Company  (“Merger  Sub”),  with  and  into  ADTRAN,  Inc.,  with 
ADTRAN, Inc. surviving the merger as a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of the Company, pursuant to that certain 
Business Combination Agreement, dated as of August 30, 2021, by and among the Company, ADTRAN, Inc., 
ADVA Optical Networking SE and Merger Sub. 

2.22 

“Nonqualified Stock Option” or “NQSO” means an option to purchase shares of Common Stock 
that is granted under Article VI hereof and not an incentive stock option within the meaning of Code Section 422. 

2.23 

“Officer” means “officer” as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act. 

2.24 

“Participant” means an individual who has been selected to receive an Award, or with respect to 

whom an Award is outstanding, under the Plan.  

2.25 

“Performance  Measures”  means  any  one  or  more  of  the  criteria  or  measurements  by  which 
specific  performance  goals  may  be  established  and  performance  may  be  measured,  as  determined  by  the 
Committee, in its discretion.  Performance Measures may include any one or more of the following: (a) earnings 
before  all  or  any  taxes  (“EBT”);  (b)  earnings  before  all  or  any  of  interest  expense,  taxes,  depreciation  and 
amortization (“EBITDA”); (c) earnings before all or any of interest expense, taxes, depreciation, amortization 
and rent (“EBITDAR”); (d) earnings before all or any of interest expense and taxes (“EBIT”); (e) net earnings; 
(f) net income; (g) operating income or margin; (h) earnings per share; (i) growth; (j) return on shareholders’ 
equity;  (k)  capital  expenditures;  (l)  expenses  and  expense  ratio  management;  (m)  return  on  investment;  (n) 
improvements in capital structure; (o) profitability of an identifiable business unit or product; (p) profit margins; 
(q) stock price; (r) market share; (s) revenues; (t) costs; (u) cash flow; (v) working capital; (w) return on assets; 
(x) economic value added; (y) industry indices; (z) peer group performance; (aa) regulatory ratings; (bb) asset 
quality; (cc) gross or net profit; (dd) net sales; (ee) total shareholder return; (ff) sales (net or gross) measured by 
product line, territory, customers or other category; (gg) earnings from continuing operations; (hh) net worth; (ii) 
levels of expense, cost or liability by category, operating unit or any other delineation; (jj) non-GAAP operating 
income; (kk) adjusted EBIT, and (ll) any other criteria or measurement approved by the Committee. Performance 
Measures may relate to the Company and/or one or more of its Affiliates, one or more of its divisions or units or 
any combination of the foregoing, on a consolidated or nonconsolidated basis, and may be applied on an absolute 
basis  or  be  relative  to  one  or  more  peer  group  companies  or  indices,  or  any  combination  thereof,  all  as  the 
Committee determines. 

2.26 
and restated. 

“Plan” means this ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 2020 Employee Stock Incentive Plan, as amended 

Financial Information  153 

 
  
2.27 

“Prior Plans” means the: 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

ADTRAN,  Inc.  1986  Employee  Incentive  Stock  Option  Plan  (expired  on  February  14, 
1996); 

ADTRAN,  Inc. 1996 Employees  Incentive Stock Option Plan (expired on February 14, 
2006);  

ADTRAN, Inc. 2006 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (expired on January 23, 2016); and 

ADTRAN, Inc. 2015 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (terminated upon the Effective Date 
of this Plan). 

2.28 

“Restricted  Stock”  means  an  Award  of  Common  Stock  that  is  subject  to  such  conditions, 
restrictions and contingencies as the Committee determines, including the satisfaction of specified Performance 
Measures. 

2.29 

“Restricted Stock Unit” or “RSU” means an Award of a unit representing one share of Common 
Stock that, upon satisfaction of certain conditions, restrictions and contingencies as the Committee determines, 
including the satisfaction of specified Performance Measures shall result in the issuance of one share of Common 
Stock. 

2.30 

“Retirement” means the date of a Participant’s Separation from Service with the Company and all 
of  its  Affiliates  at  any  time  after  (a)  attaining  age  sixty-five  (65)  or  (b)  completing  twenty-five  (25)  years  of 
service for the Company, any Affiliate and any predecessor of the Company or Affiliate. 

2.31 
successor provision. 

“Rule 16b-3” means Rule 16b-3 under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, as then in effect or any 

2.32 

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. 

2.33 

“Separation from Service” means a termination of employment or service by a Participant with 
the Company and its Affiliates; provided, that if any Award that is treated as nonqualified deferred compensation 
(within the meaning of Code Section 409A), or any dividend or dividend credit thereon, is to be paid or distributed 
upon a Separation from Service, then a Separation from Service shall not occur unless it qualifies as a “separation 
from  service”  within  the  meaning  of  Code  Section  409A.    Unless  otherwise  stated  in  the  applicable  Award 
Agreement, a Participant’s change in position, duties or status (e.g., from employee to consultant, consultant to 
director, employee to director) shall not result in interrupted or terminated employment or service, so long as such 
Participant continues to provide services to the Company or an Affiliate and a “separation from service” under 
Code Section 409A is not deemed to have occurred.  The determination of whether an authorized leave of absence 
or absence for military or government service or for any other reason shall constitute a Separation from Service 
for purposes of any Award granted under the Plan shall be determined by the Committee and, if applicable, in 
accordance with Code Section 409A, which determination shall be final and conclusive. 

2.34 

“Stock  Appreciation  Right”  or  “SAR”  means  an  Award  representing  a  Participant’s  right  to 
receive payment in the form of cash or Common Stock in an amount equal to the excess of the Fair Market Value 
of the exercised shares of Common Stock subject to such SAR (or portion thereof) over their Base Value.  

154  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
2.35 

“Stock Option” means an ISO or NQSO, as applicable, granted to an Employee or service provider 

under the Plan. 

2.36 

“Subsidiary” means any “subsidiary corporation” of the Company within the meaning of Code 

Section 424(f). 

2.37 

“Ten Percent Shareholder” means an individual who owns more than ten percent (10%) of the 
total combined voting power of all classes of outstanding stock of the Company, its parent (as defined in Code 
Section 424(e)), or any of its Subsidiaries.  In determining stock ownership, the attribution rules of Code Section 
424(d) shall apply.  

ARTICLE III  
PLAN ADMINISTRATION 

3.1 

General Administration.  The Plan shall be administered and interpreted by the Committee (as 
designated pursuant to Section 3.2).  Subject to the express provisions of  the  Plan,  the  Committee  shall  have 
authority  to  interpret  the  Plan,  to  prescribe,  amend  and  rescind  rules  and  regulations  relating  to  the  Plan,  to 
determine the terms and provisions of the Award Agreements by which Awards shall be evidenced (which shall 
not be inconsistent with the terms of the Plan), and to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for 
the administration of the Plan, all of which determinations shall be final, binding and conclusive on all persons.   

3.2 

Appointment  of  Committee.    The  Board  shall  appoint  the  Committee  from  among  its  non-
employee members to serve at the pleasure of the Board.  The Board from time to time may remove members 
from, or add members to, the Committee and shall fill all vacancies thereon. 

3.3 

Organization.  The Committee may select one of its members as its chairman and shall hold its 
meetings at such times and at such places as it shall deem advisable.  A majority of the Committee shall constitute 
a quorum, and such majority shall determine its actions.  The Committee shall keep minutes of its proceedings 
and shall report the same to the Board at least annually. 

3.4 

Individuals Eligible for Awards.  The individuals eligible to receive Awards shall be (a) active 
Employees of the Company or its Subsidiaries, including Employees who are also members of the Board and (b) 
key service providers and advisors of the Company.  Only Employees of the Company or any Subsidiary shall be 
eligible to receive ISOs. 

3.5 

Powers  of  Committee.    The  Committee  may  make  one  or  more  Awards  under  the  Plan.    The 
Committee shall decide which eligible Employees and service providers shall receive an Award and when to grant 
an Award, the type of Award that it shall grant and the number of shares of Common Stock covered by the Award, 
subject to the terms of the Plan.  The Committee shall also decide the terms, conditions, performance criteria, 
restrictions and other provisions of the Award.  The Committee shall act by a majority of its then members, at a 
meeting  of  the  Committee  or  by  unanimous  written  consent.    The  Committee  shall  keep  adequate  records 
concerning the Plan and the Committee’s proceedings and acts in such form and detail as the Committee may 
decide. 

3.6 

Delegation by Committee.  Unless prohibited by applicable law or the applicable rules of a stock 
exchange, the Committee may allocate all or some of its responsibilities and powers to any one or more of its 
members.  The Committee also may delegate some or all of it administrative duties and powers to any employee 
or Officer of the Company or its Affiliates.  The Committee hereby delegates to the Company’s Chief Executive 
Officer (a) the authority to grant Awards under the Plan to service providers and Employees who are not officers 
of  the  Company  or  any  Affiliate,  provided  that  any  such  Award  shall  be  governed  by  the  form  of  Award 
Agreement most recently approved by the Committee for use in making Awards under the Plan and the Chief 
Executive  Officer  shall  report  any  such  grants  to  the  Committee  at  its  next  meeting;  and  (b)  in  the  event  a 
Financial Information  155 

 
  
 
Participant Separates from Service, the power to accelerate the exercisability or vesting of any outstanding Award 
held by the Participant, or to permit any such Award to continue to vest in accordance with its original vesting 
schedule.  The Committee hereby delegates to the Company’s Corporate Secretary the authority to document any 
and all Awards made by the Committee and/or the Chief Executive Officer under the Plan by execution of the 
appropriate Award Agreements.  The Committee may revoke any such allocation or delegation at any time. 

3.7 

Information to be Furnished to Committee.  In order for the Committee to discharge its duties, it 
may  require  the  Company,  its  Affiliates,  Participants  and  other  persons  entitled  to  benefits  under  the  Plan  to 
provide it with certain data and information. 

3.8 

Deferral  Arrangement.    The  Committee  may  permit  or  require  the  deferral  of  payment  of  any 
Award,  subject  to  such  rules  and  procedures  as  it  may  establish  and  in  accordance  with  Code  Section  409A.  
Unless otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, any such deferral will not include provisions for the payment 
or crediting of interest or dividend equivalents. 

3.9 

Indemnification.  In addition to such other rights of indemnification that apply to them as members 
of  the  Board  or  a  committee  thereof,  the  Company  shall  indemnify  the  members  of  the  Committee  (and  any 
designees of the Committee, as permitted under Section 3.6), to the extent permitted by applicable law, against 
reasonable  expenses  (including,  without  limitation,  attorney’s  fees)  actually  and  necessarily  incurred  in 
connection with the defense of any action, suit or proceeding, or in connection with any appeal, to which they or 
any of them may be a party by reason of any action taken or failure to act under or in connection with the Plan or 
any  Award  awarded  hereunder,  and  against  all  amounts  paid  by  them  in  settlement  thereof  (provided  such 
settlement is approved to the extent required by and in the manner provided by the Articles of Incorporation or 
the  Bylaws  of  the  Company  relating  to  indemnification  of  the  members  of  the  Board)  or  paid  by  them  in 
satisfaction of a judgment in any such action, suit or proceeding, except in relation to such matters as to which it 
is adjudged in such action, suit or proceeding that such Committee member or members (or their designees) did 
not act in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the 
Company. 

156  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
ARTICLE IV  
STOCK SUBJECT TO THE PLAN 

4.1 

Common Stock Subject to Awards.  Common Stock subject to Awards and other provisions of the 
Plan  shall  consist  of  the  following:  (a)  authorized  but  unissued  shares  of  Common  Stock;  (b)  authorized  and 
issued shares of Common Stock held by the Company in its treasury which have been reacquired by the Company; 
and (c) shares of Common Stock purchased by the Company in the open market. 

4.2 

Authorized Shares.  Subject to adjustment in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.3, the 
maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan for Awards shall equal two 
million  seven  hundred  seventy  two  thousand  (2,772,000)  shares  of  Common  Stock  (subject  to  increase  in 
connection with awards previously granted under the Prior Plans as provided in Section 4.2(b)), all of which may 
be issued as ISOs under the Plan, and adjusted as follows: 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

Each Award of Stock Options, Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units granted under this Plan 
will reduce the number of authorized shares available under the Plan by one (1) share of Common 
Stock for each share underlying such Award. 

Shares of Common Stock underlying an Award under this Plan or Prior Plans that is cancelled, 
terminated, expires without exercise, is forfeited, or lapses, for any reason shall again be available 
for issuance pursuant to Awards under this Plan (in the case of Restricted Stock or RSUs granted 
under the 2015 Employee Stock Incentive Plan, at the 2.5 share multiple provided by such Prior 
Plan). 

Notwithstanding  anything  to  the  contrary  herein,  the  following  shares  shall  not  again  become 
available  for  issuance  under  the  Plan:  (1)  shares  of  Common  Stock  withheld  by,  or  otherwise 
remitted to, the Company as full or partial payment of the Exercise Price to the Company upon 
exercise  of  Stock  Options  granted  under  the  Plan;  (2)  shares  of  Common  Stock  reserved  for 
issuance under the Plan upon the grant of SARs to the extent the number of reserved shares exceeds 
the number of shares actually issued upon exercise of the SARs; and (3) shares of Common Stock 
withheld  by,  or  otherwise  remitted  to,  the  Company  to  satisfy  a  Participant’s  tax  withholding 
obligations  upon  the  lapse  of  restrictions  on  Restricted  Stock  or  RSUs  or  upon  the  exercise  of 
Stock Options or SARs or upon any other payment or issuance under the Plan. 

The Committee shall establish appropriate methods for determining the number of shares available for issuance 
under the Plan and the number of shares that have been actually issued under the Plan at any time.  In no event 
shall fractional shares of Common Stock be issued under the Plan. 

4.3 

Effects of Changes in Capitalization.   

(a) 

Changes to Common Stock.  If the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock is increased 
or decreased or the shares of Common Stock are changed into or exchanged for a different number 
or  kind  of  shares  or  other  securities  of  the  Company  on  account  of  any  recapitalization, 
reclassification,  stock  split,  reverse  split,  combination  of  shares,  exchange  of  shares,  stock 
dividend or other distribution payable in capital stock, or other increase or decrease in such shares 
effected  without  receipt  of  consideration  by  the  Company  occurring  after  the  Effective  Date 
(“Equity Restructuring”), the number and kinds of shares for which Awards may be granted under 
the  Plan,  the  Exercise  Price  and/or  the  Base  Value  shall  be  adjusted  proportionately  and 
accordingly  by  the  Committee;  provided,  that  any  such  adjustment  shall  comply  with  Code 
Sections 409A and 424, if applicable.  In addition, the number and kind of shares of Common 
Stock for which Awards are outstanding shall be adjusted proportionately and accordingly so that 
the proportionate interest of the Participant immediately following such event shall, to the extent 
Financial Information  157 

 
  
practicable, be the same as immediately before such event.  The conversion of any convertible 
securities of the Company shall not be treated as an increase in shares effected without receipt of 
consideration. 

(b) 

Change of Control and Other Corporate Transactions.  In the event of a merger, consolidation, 
reorganization,  extraordinary  dividend,  tender  offer  for  Common  Stock,  Change  of  Control  or 
other  change  in  capital  structure  of  the  Company  that  is  not  an  Equity  Restructuring  under 
subsection  (a)  above,  the  Committee  may  (but  is  not  required  to)  make  such  adjustments  with 
respect to Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to Awards and the number and/or Exercise 
Price or Base Value of outstanding Awards and take such other action as it deems necessary or 
appropriate, including, without limitation, and subject to the requirements of Code Sections 409A 
and 424, if applicable: 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

making  appropriate  provision  for  the  continuation  of  an  Award  by  substituting  on  an 
equitable  basis  for  the  shares  of  Common  Stock  then  subject  to  such  Award  either  the 
consideration  payable  with  respect  to  the  outstanding  shares  of  Common  Stock  in 
connection with the Change of Control or securities of any successor or acquiring entity; 

upon reasonable prior written notice to the Participant, providing that: (i) the Stock Options 
and/or SARs held by such Participant, to the extent then exercisable, must be exercised 
within a specified number of days after the date of such notice, at the end of which period 
the  Stock  Options  and/or  SARs  shall  terminate  without  payment,  and/or  (ii)  a  grant  of 
Restricted  Stock  and/or  RSUs  Stock  must  be  accepted  (to  the  extent  then  subject  to 
acceptance) within a specified number of days after the date of such notice, at the end of 
which period the offer of the Restricted Stock and/or RSUs shall terminate; 

terminating an Award, whether vested or unvested, in exchange for a payment equal to (i) 
for  Restricted  Stock  and  RSUs,  the  Fair  Market  Value  of  the  shares  of  Common  Stock 
subject to the Award or (ii) for Stock Options and SARs, the excess of the Fair Market 
Value of the shares of Common Stock subject to the Award over the Exercise Price or Base 
Value, as applicable; 

providing that an Award shall become (as applicable) fully vested and exercisable, and any 
vesting  period  or  restrictions  shall  lapse,  immediately  prior  to  the  Change  of  Control; 
and/or 

with respect to an Award subject to Performance Measures, providing that any incomplete 
performance periods shall end on the date of such Change of Control (or other corporate 
transaction described in this subsection (b)), and the Committee shall cause the Award to 
be settled based upon the higher of: (i) the Participant’s actual attainment of performance 
goals  for  the  performance  period  through  the  date  of  the  Change  of  Control  (or  other 
corporate transaction described in this subsection (b)) or (ii) the performance target award. 

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, an Award having an Exercise Price or Base Value equal 
to or greater than the Fair Market Value of the consideration to be paid per share of Common Stock 
in  the  Change  of  Control  may  be  canceled  without  payment  of  consideration  to  the  applicable 
Participant. 

(c) 

Limits  on  Adjustments.    Any  issuance  by  the  Company  of  stock  of  any  class  other  than  the 
Common Stock, or securities convertible into shares of stock of any class, shall not affect, and no 
adjustment by reason thereof shall be made with respect to, the number or price of shares of the 
Common Stock subject to any Award, except as specifically provided otherwise in this Plan.  The 

158  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
grant of Awards under the Plan shall not affect in any way the right or authority of the Company 
to  make  adjustments,  reclassifications,  reorganizations  or  changes  of  its  capital  or  business 
structure or to merge, consolidate or dissolve, or to liquidate, sell or transfer all or any part of its 
business or assets.  No fractional shares or other securities shall be issued pursuant to any such 
adjustment, and any fractions resulting from any such adjustment shall be eliminated in each case 
by  rounding  downward  to  the  nearest  whole  share  with  no  cash  payment  due  therefor.    If  the 
Company issues any rights to subscribe for additional shares pro rata to holders of outstanding 
shares of the class or classes of stock then set aside for the Plan, then each Participant shall be 
entitled to the same rights on the same basis as holders of outstanding shares with respect to such 
portion of the Participant’s Award as is exercised on or prior to the record date for determining 
shareholders entitled to receive or exercise such rights.   All adjustments  the Committee makes 
under this Plan shall be final and conclusive. 

ARTICLE V   
RULES APPLICABLE TO AWARDS 

5.1  Maximum  Annual  Limits  on  Awards.    Subject  to  adjustment  as  provided  in  Section  4.3,  the 
number of shares of Common Stock underlying Awards granted to a Participant in any calendar year shall not 
exceed 500,000 shares of Common Stock. 

5.2 

Transferability.   

(a) 

(b) 

Except as provided in subsection (b) below: (1) no Award shall be assignable or transferable by 
the  Participant  except  by  transfer  to  a  Beneficiary  upon  the  death  of  the  Participant,  and  any 
purported  transfer  (other  than  as  excepted  above)  shall  be  null  and  void.    After  the  death  of  a 
Participant and upon the death of the Participant’s Beneficiary, an Award shall be transferable only 
by    will  or  the  laws  of  descent  and  distribution;  (2)  Awards  shall  be  exercisable  during  the 
Participant’s lifetime only by the Participant (or a legal representative if the Participant becomes 
incapacitated);  and  (3)  nothing  contained  in  this  Section  5.2  shall  preclude  a  Participant  from 
transferring shares of Restricted Stock that have vested, or shares of Common Stock that are issued 
in settlement of a Stock Option, SAR or RSUs, subject to the remaining provisions of this Plan 
and applicable law. 

A Participant may transfer not for value any Award other than an ISO to any Family Member of 
the  Participant  using  such  form  and  subject  to  such  additional  administrative  procedures  as 
approved  by  the  Committee  from  time  to  time;  provided,  however,  that  any  such  Award  shall 
remain subject to all vesting, forfeiture, and other restrictions provided herein and in the Award 
Agreement to the same extent as if it had not been transferred.  For purposes of this subsection (b), 
a “not for value” transfer is a transfer which is (1) a gift, (2) a transfer under a domestic relations 
order in settlement of marital property rights; or (3) a transfer to an entity in which more than fifty 
percent  (50%)  of  the  voting  interests  are  owned  by  Family  Members  (or  the  Participant)  in 
exchange for an interest in that entity.  Subsequent transfers of transferred Awards are prohibited 
except to Family Members of the Participant in accordance with this subsection (b) or by will or 
the laws of descent and distribution. 

5.3 

Accelerated  Exercisability  and  Vesting.    The  Committee  (or  the  Company’s  Chief  Executive 
Officer, in the case of Awards granted to employees and service providers who are not Officers) shall always 
have the discretionary power to accelerate the exercisability or vesting of, any Award granted under the Plan, or 
to permit the continued vesting of any such Award according to its original vesting schedule, notwithstanding the 

Financial Information  159 

 
  
 
Participant’s Separation from Service for any reason.  Unless otherwise determined by the Committee and set 
forth in the applicable Award Agreement, in the event of one of the following events, any outstanding Awards 
shall immediately become fully exercisable or vested: (1) the Participant’s death; (2) the Participant’s Separation 
from Service due to Disability; or (3) a Change of Control of the Company; provided, however, if an outstanding 
Award of Restricted Stock or RSUs remains subject to any performance-based vesting schedule, then upon one 
of the above events, a proportion of the shares subject to such Award shall become vested and nonforfeitable, 
equal  to  the  proportion  of  the  time  completed  through  the  date  of  the  applicable  event  to  the  performance 
measurement period for the Award, with target performance level deemed to be achieved as of the date of the 
applicable  event,  and  in  the  event  the  Restricted  Stock  or  RSU  Award  was  originally  scheduled  without  a 
designated target performance level (e.g., a single performance level or minimum and maximum performance 
levels), then the performance level that, if met, would have resulted in the least number of shares becoming vested 
shall be treated as the target level. 

5.4 

Separation  From  Service.    Unless  the  Committee  decides  otherwise,  all  Awards  (or  portions 
thereof)  that  remain  unexercisable  or  unvested  upon  the  Participant’s  Separation  from  Service  for  any  reason 
other than the events listed in Section 5.3 shall be forfeited by the Participant immediately upon the date of such 
Separation from Service. 

5.5  Waiver  of  Restrictions.    The  Committee  (or  the  Company’s  CEO,  as  provided  in  Section  5.3 
above) may elect, in its sole discretion, to waive any or all restrictions with respect to any Award under the Plan. 

5.6 

No Repricing of Awards.  Except as provided in Section 4.3, the Committee shall not amend any 
Stock Option or SAR to reduce its Exercise Price or Base Value, and shall not issue to any Participant a new 
Award in exchange for the surrender and cancellation of any other Award, if such new Award has an Exercise 
Price or Base Value (as applicable) lower than that of the Award for which it is exchanged, or take any other 
action that would have the effect of reducing the Exercise Price or Base Value of a Stock Option or SAR. 

ARTICLE VI  
STOCK OPTIONS 

6.1 

Grant of Stock Options.  The Committee may grant Stock Options for shares of Common Stock 
in such amounts as it may determine and subject to the provisions of the Plan.  A Stock Option shall constitute an 
ISO only if the Participant is an Employee and the Stock Option is specifically designated as an Incentive Stock 
Option in the applicable Award Agreement.  

6.2 

Award Agreement.  An Award of a Stock Option shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement that 
specifies  the  following  terms  and  any  additional  terms  and  conditions  determined  by  the  Committee  and  not 
inconsistent with the Plan: (a) the name of the Participant; (b) the total number of shares of Common Stock to 
which the Stock Option pertains; (c) the Exercise Price of the Stock Option; (d) the date as of which the Committee 
granted  the  Stock  Option;  (e)  the  type  of  Stock  Option  granted;  (f)  the  requirements  for  the  Stock  Option  to 
become exercisable, such as continuous service, time-based schedule, period and goals for Performance Measures 
to be satisfied, additional consideration, etc.; (g) the expiration date of the Stock Option; and (h) the Beneficiary 
of the Participant. 

6.3 

Exercise Price.  The per share Exercise Price of a Stock Option shall not be less than 100% of the 
Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock as of the date of grant (or, in the case of an ISO granted to a Ten 
Percent Shareholder, 110% of the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock as of the date of grant).  

160  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
6.4 

Exercisability. 

(a) 

General Schedule.  Subject to paragraph (b) below, each Stock Option shall become exercisable 
according to the following schedule, measured from the date of grant: 

Anniversary of the 
date of grant: 

One-year anniversary 

Two-year anniversary 

Three-year anniversary 

Four-year anniversary 

Vested percentage: 

25% 

25% 

25% 

25% 

Once a portion of a Stock Option is exercisable, that portion continues to be exercisable until the 
Stock  Option  expires  (as  described  in  Section  6.5).    Fractional  shares  shall  be  disregarded  for 
exercise. 

(b) 

Other Vesting Requirements.  The Committee may specify another vesting schedule in the Award 
Agreement, whether time-based or performance-based and with any other conditions, restrictions 
and contingencies as it determines, in its sole discretion, provided that such schedule may not result 
in vesting of any portion of the Stock Option before the one (1) year anniversary of its date of 
grant, except in the event of the Participant’s death or Disability or pursuant to Committee action 
taken in connection with a Change of Control as described in Section 4.3(b).  The Committee may 
designate a single goal criterion or multiple goal criteria for performance measurement purposes.  
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee (or the CEO pursuant to the delegation described 
in Section 3.6) may in its discretion in connection with a Participant’s Separation from Service, 
accelerate the vesting of any Stock Option held by the Participant or permit the continued vesting 
of such Award on the vesting schedule set forth in the Participant’s Award Agreement.  Other than 
as provided in the preceding sentences, if a Participant Separates from Service, his or her rights to 
all non-vested Stock Options shall cease immediately. 

6.5 

Expiration Date. 

(a) 

Expiration  Date.    The  expiration  date  of  any  Stock  Option  shall  be  the  earliest  to  occur  of  the 
following: 

(1)  Maximum Term.  The date ten (10) years from the date of grant of the Stock Option (or for 
an ISO granted to a Ten Percent Shareholder, five (5) years from the date of grant); 

(2) 

(3) 

Termination for Cause.  The date of the Participant’s Separation from Service for Cause 
with the Company and all Affiliates; 

Separation from Service due to Death, Disability or Retirement.  The one-year anniversary 
of the Participant’s Separation from Service with the Company and all Affiliates due to 
death, Disability or Retirement, or such shorter period as determined by the Committee and 
set forth in the Award Agreement; and 

(4) 

Separation  from  Service.    The  date  that  is  three  (3)  months  following  the  date  of  the 
Participant’s Separation from Service with the Company and all Affiliates for any reason 

Financial Information  161 

 
  
 
other  than  those  specified  elsewhere  in  this  Section  6.5(a),  or  such  shorter  period  as 
determined by the Committee and set forth in the Award Agreement. 

Notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  the  Committee  may,  in  its  discretion,  in  connection  with  a 
Participant’s Separation from Service, permit an Award to remain exercisable for the full exercise 
period set forth in the Award Agreement or the maximum term as described in Section 6.5(a)(1) 
above so long as such extension does not violate Code Section 409A or other applicable laws. 

(b) 

Expiration Date Following Change of Control.  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 6.5(a) 
above  and  unless  the  Committee  specifies  otherwise  in  the  Award  Agreement,  at  any  time 
following a Change of Control of the Company, in the event a Participant incurs a Separation from 
Service  with  the  Company  and  its  Affiliates  for  any  reason  other  than:  (1)  due  to  death  or 
Disability, (2) for Cause or (3) due to a voluntary resignation, the term of all Stock Options held 
by such  Participant shall be  extended to their maximum term as  described  in  Section 6.5(a)(1) 
above. 

6.6  Minimum Exercise Amount.  Unless the Committee specifies otherwise in the Award Agreement, 
a Participant may exercise a Stock Option for less than the full number of shares of Common Stock subject to the 
Stock Option.  However, each exercise may not be made for less than 100 shares or, if less, the total remaining 
shares  subject  to  the  Stock  Option.    The  Committee  may  in  its  discretion  specify  other  Stock  Option  terms, 
including restrictions on frequency of exercise and periods during which Stock Options may not be exercised. 

6.7 

Payment of Exercise Price.  The Participant must pay the full Exercise Price for shares of Common 
Stock purchased upon the exercise of any Stock Option, and all applicable withholding taxes, at the time of such 
exercise by one of the following forms of payment:  

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

cash or cash equivalents acceptable to the Company;  

delivery (on a form acceptable to the Committee) of an irrevocable direction to a licensed securities 
broker acceptable to the Company to sell shares of Common Stock and to deliver all or part of the 
sales proceeds to the Company in payment of the Exercise Price;  

delivery  of  shares  of  Common  Stock  already  owned  by  the  Participant  (and  for  which  the 
Participant has good title free and clear of any liens and encumbrances) having a Fair Market Value 
on the date of surrender equal to the aggregate Exercise Price and taxes due;  

with  the  Committee’s  approval,  having  the  Company  withhold  shares  of  Common  Stock  that 
otherwise  would  be  acquired  on  exercise  having  a  Fair  Market  Value  equal  to  the  aggregate 
Exercise Price; or  

(e) 

any combination of the above forms or any other form of payment permitted by the Committee. 

6.8 

Rights as a Shareholder.  A Participant shall first have rights as a shareholder of the Company 
with respect to shares of Common Stock covered by a Stock Option (including rights to dividends and voting) 
only when the Participant has paid the Exercise Price and applicable withholding taxes in  full and the shares 
actually have been issued to the Participant.  No dividend equivalents shall be payable with respect to unexercised 
Stock Options or unissued shares. 

162  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
6.9 

Limitations on ISOs.   

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

An  Award  shall  qualify  as  an  ISO  only  to  the  extent  that  the  aggregate  Fair  Market  Value 
(determined at the time the Stock Option is granted) of the shares of Common Stock with respect 
to which all ISOs held by such Participant become exercisable for the first time during any calendar 
year (under the Plan, the Prior Plans, and all other plans of the Company, its parent (as defined in 
Code Section 424(e)) or a Subsidiary) does not exceed $100,000.  This $100,000 limitation shall 
be applied by taking ISOs into account in the order in which they were granted.  Any portion of 
an ISO in excess of such $100,000 limitation will be treated as a NQSO. 

If any Participant shall make any disposition of shares of Common Stock delivered pursuant to the 
exercise of an ISO that is a disqualifying disposition, such Participant shall notify the Company of 
such  disposition  within  ten  (10)  business  days  thereof.    A  disqualifying  disposition  is  any 
disposition (including any sale) of Common Stock acquired upon exercise of an ISO before the 
later  of  (1)  two  (2)  years  after  the  grant  date  of  the  ISO  or  (2)  one  (1)  year  after  the  date  the 
Participant acquired the Common Stock by exercising the ISO. 

If all or part of an ISO is not exercised within (1) three (3) months after the date of the Participant’s 
Separation from Service for any reason except due to death or Disability, or (2) within one (1) year 
following  the  Participant’s  Separation  from  Service  due  to  death  or  Disability,  but  remains 
exercisable,  the  unexercised  portion  thereof  shall  automatically  be  treated  as  a  NQSO  for  the 
remainder of the term of the Stock Option. 

ARTICLE VII 

STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS 

7.1 

Grant  of  SARs.    The  Committee  may  grant  Stock  Appreciation  Rights  to  Participants  in  such 

amounts as it may determine and subject to the provisions of the Plan. 

7.2 

SAR Award Agreement.  An Award of SARs shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement that 
specifies  the  following  terms  and  any  additional  terms  and  conditions  determined  by  the  Committee  and  not 
inconsistent with the Plan: (a) the name of the Participant; (b) the total number of shares of Common Stock to 
which the SAR pertains; (c) the Base Value of the SAR; (d) the date as of which the Committee granted the SAR; 
(e) the type of SAR granted; (f) the requirements for the SAR to become exercisable, such as continuous service, 
time-based schedule, period and goals for Performance Measures to be satisfied, additional consideration, etc.; 
(g) the expiration date of the SAR; and (h) the Beneficiary of the Participant. 

7.3 

Base Value.  The per share Base Value of each SAR shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market 

Value of a share of Common Stock as of the date of grant. 

Financial Information  163 

 
  
 
 
 
7.4 

Exercisability. 

(a) 

General Schedule.  Subject to paragraph (b) below, each SAR shall become exercisable according 
to the following schedule, measured from the date of grant: 

Anniversary of the 
date of grant: 

One-year anniversary 

Two-year anniversary 

Three-year anniversary 

Four-year anniversary 

Vested percentage: 

25% 

25% 

25% 

25% 

Once a portion of a SAR is exercisable, that portion continues to be exercisable until the SAR 
expires (as described in Section 7.5).  Fractional shares shall be disregarded for exercise. 

(b) 

Other Vesting Requirements.  The Committee may specify another vesting schedule in the Award 
Agreement, whether time-based or performance-based and with any other conditions, restrictions 
and contingencies as it determines, in its sole discretion, provided that such schedule may not result 
in vesting of any portion of the SAR before the one (1) year anniversary of its date of grant, except 
in  the  event  of  the  Participant’s  death  or  Disability  or  pursuant  to  Committee  action  taken  in 
connection with a Change of Control as described in Section 4.3(b) above.  The Committee may 
designate a single goal criterion or multiple goal criteria for performance measurement purposes.  
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee (or the CEO pursuant to the delegation described 
in Section 3.6) may in its discretion in connection with a Participant’s Separation from Service, 
accelerate the vesting of any SAR held by the Participant or permit the continued vesting of such 
Award  on  the  vesting  schedule  set forth  in  the  Participant’s  Award  Agreement.    Other  than  as 
provided in the preceding sentences, if a Participant Separates from Service, his or her rights to all 
non-vested SARs shall cease immediately. 

7.5 

Expiration Date. 

(a) 

Expiration Date.  The expiration date of any SAR shall be the earliest to occur of the following:   

(1)  Maximum Term.  The date ten (10) years from the date of grant of the SAR; 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

Separation from Service for Cause.  The date of the Participant’s Separation from Service 
for Cause with the Company and all Affiliates; 

Separation from Service due to Death, Disability or Retirement.  The one-year anniversary 
of the Participant’s Separation from Service with the Company and all Affiliates due to 
death, Disability or Retirement, or such shorter period as determined by the Committee and 
set forth in the SAR Agreement; and 

Separation  from  Service.    The  date  that  is  three  (3)  months  following  the  date  of  the 
Participant’s Separation from Service with the Company and all Affiliates for any reason 
other  than  those  specified  elsewhere  in  this  Section  7.5(a),  or  such  shorter  period  as 
determined by the Committee and set forth in the SAR Agreement.   

164  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
Notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  the  Committee  may,  in  its  discretion,  in  connection  with  a 
Participant’s Separation from Service, permit an Award to remain exercisable for its full original 
period of exercise or the maximum term as described in Section 7.5(a)(1) above so long as such 
extension does not violate Code Section 409A or other applicable laws. 

(b) 

Expiration Date Following Change of Control.  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 7.5(a) 
above  and  unless  the  Committee  specifies  otherwise  in  the  Award  Agreement,  at  any  time 
following a Change of Control of the Company, in the event a Participant incurs a Separation from 
Service  with  the  Company  and  its  Affiliates  for  any  reason  other  than:  (1)  due  to  death  or 
Disability, (2) for Cause, or (3) due to a voluntary resignation, the term of all SARs held by such 
Participant shall be extended to their maximum term as described in Section 7.5(a)(1) above. 

7.6  Minimum  SAR  Exercise  Amount.    Unless  the  Committee  specifies  otherwise  in  the  SAR 
Agreement, a Participant may exercise a SAR for less than the full number of shares of Common Stock subject 
to the SAR.  However, each exercise may not be made for less than 100 shares or, if less, the total remaining 
shares subject to the SAR.  The Committee may in its discretion specify other SAR terms, including restrictions 
on a frequency of exercise and periods during which SARs may not be exercised. 

7.7 

Exercise  of  SARs.    SARs  may  be  exercised  upon  the  terms  and  conditions  determined  by  the 

Committee, in its sole discretion. 

7.8 

Payment  of  SAR  Amount.    Upon  exercise  of  a  SAR,  a  Participant  shall  be  entitled  to  receive 
payment from the Company equal to an amount determined by multiplying: (a) the difference between the Fair 
Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of exercise over the Base Value of the applicable SAR; 
by (b) the number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which the SAR is being exercised. 

The payment for SAR exercise may be made in cash, shares of Common Stock or in some combination 
thereof at the sole discretion of the Committee.  The form of payment shall be specified in the Award Agreement 
pertaining to the grant of the SAR. 

7.9 

Rights as a Shareholder.  To the extent that a Stock Appreciation Right Award is payable (in whole 
or in part) in the form of shares of Common Stock, a Participant shall first have rights as a shareholder of the 
Company with respect to shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Appreciation Right (including rights to 
dividends and voting) only when the Participant has exercised the SAR pursuant to the terms and conditions of 
the Award and the shares actually have been issued to the Participant.  No dividend equivalents shall be payable 
with respect to unexercised SARs or unissued shares. 

RESTRICTED STOCK AND RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS 

ARTICLE VIII 

8.1 

Grants  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Restricted  Stock  Units.    The  Committee  may  grant  shares  of 
Common Stock as Restricted Stock or may grant Restricted Stock Units to Participants in such amounts as it may 
determine and subject to the provisions of the Plan. 

8.2 

Restricted Stock and Award Agreement.  An Award of Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units 
shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement that specifies the following terms: (a) the name of the Participant; (b) 
the total number of shares of Common Stock to which the Award of Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units 
pertain; (c) the date as of which the Committee awarded the Restricted Stock or the Restricted Stock Unit; (d) the 
manner  in  which  the  Restricted  Stock  or  Restricted  Stock  Units  will  become  vested,  nonforfeitable  and 
transferable and a description of any restrictions applicable to the Restricted Stock or the Restricted Stock Units; 
(e) for RSUs, when RSUs will be settled after they vest; and (f) the Beneficiary of the Participant. 

Financial Information  165 

 
  
 
8.3 

Vesting.   

(a) 

General Schedule.  Subject to paragraph (b) below, each Award of Restricted Stock or Restricted 
Stock Units shall become vested and nonforfeitable according to the following schedule, measured 
from the date of grant: 

Anniversary of the 
date of grant: 

One-year anniversary 

Two-year anniversary 

Three-year anniversary 

Four-year anniversary 

Vested percentage: 

25% 

25% 

25% 

25% 

(b) 

Other Vesting Requirements.  The Committee may specify another vesting schedule in the Award 
Agreement, whether time-based or performance-based and with any other conditions, restrictions 
and contingencies as it determines, in its sole discretion, provided that such schedule may not result 
in vesting of any portion of the Award of Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units before the one 
(1) year anniversary of its date of grant, except in the event of the Participant’s death or Disability 
or pursuant to Committee action taken in connection with a Change of Control as described in 
Section  4.3(b)  above.    The  Committee  may  designate  a  single  goal  criterion  or  multiple  goal 
criteria for performance measurement purposes.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee 
(or the CEO pursuant to the delegation described in Section 3.6) may in its discretion in connection 
with a Participant’s Separation from Service, accelerate the vesting of any Award of Restricted 
Stock or Restricted Stock Units held by the Participant or permit the continued vesting of such 
Award  of  Restricted  Stock  or  Restricted  Stock  Units  on  the  vesting  schedule  set  forth  in  the 
Participant’s Award Agreement; provided, however, that any such extension must comply with 
Code Section 409A and the Delay Period (as defined in Section 10.16) for specified employees.  
Other than as provided in the preceding sentences, if a Participant Separates from Service, his or 
her rights to all Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units that have not yet vested shall cease 
immediately. 

8.4 

Delivery of Restricted Stock. 

(a) 

Issuance.  The Company shall issue the shares of Restricted Stock within a reasonable period of 
time after approval of the Restricted Stock Award; provided, that if any law or regulation requires 
the Company to take any action (including, but not limited to, the filing of a registration statement 
under the Securities Act and causing such registration statement to become effective) with respect 
to such shares before the issuance thereof, then the date of delivery of the shares shall be extended 
for the period necessary to take such action.  As long as any restrictions apply to the Restricted 
Stock, the shares of Restricted Stock shall be held by the Committee in uncertificated form in a 
restricted account. 

166  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
(b) 

Legend.    Unless  the  certificate  representing  shares  of  the  Restricted  Stock  is  deposited  with  a 
custodian (as described in this Section), each certificate shall bear the following legend (in addition 
to any other legend required by law): 

“The transferability of this certificate and the shares represented  hereby are 
subject  to  the  restrictions,  terms  and  conditions  (including  forfeiture  and 
restrictions against transfer) contained in the ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 2020 
Employee Stock Incentive Plan and an Award Agreement dated __________, 
____, between ________________ and ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.  The Plan 
and the Award Agreement are on file in the office of the Corporate Secretary 
of ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.” 

Such legend shall be removed or canceled from any certificate evidencing shares of Restricted Stock as 
of the date that such shares become nonforfeitable. 

(c) 

Deposit with Custodian.  As an alternative to delivering a stock certificate to the Participant, the 
Committee  may  deposit  or  transfer  such  shares  electronically  to  a  custodian  designated  by  the 
Committee.    The  Committee  shall  cause  the  custodian  to  issue  a  receipt  for  the  shares  to  the 
Participant for any Restricted Stock so deposited.  The custodian shall hold the shares and deliver 
the same to the Participant in whose name the Restricted Stock evidenced thereby are registered 
only after such shares become nonforfeitable. 

8.5 

Settlement of RSUs.  Except as otherwise provided in the Award Agreement and in accordance 
with Code Section 409A, RSUs shall generally be settled in shares of Common Stock immediately following the 
date they vest; provided that the Committee may specify in the applicable Award Agreement that settlement shall 
be in cash or in a combination of Common Stock and cash. 

8.6 

Shareholder  Rights  for  Restricted  Stock.    Upon  issuance  of  shares  of  Restricted  Stock,  the 
Participant shall have immediate rights of ownership in the shares of Restricted Stock, including the right to vote 
the  shares  and  the  right  to  receive  dividends  with  respect  to  the  shares,  notwithstanding  any  outstanding 
restrictions on the Restricted Stock.  With respect to dividends, the Committee may apply any restrictions that it 
determines, in its sole discretion, to dividends paid on shares of Common Stock which are still subject to vesting, 
and such dividends shall be paid to the Participant when the underlying shares of Restricted Stock with respect to 
such dividends vest. 

8.7 

Shareholder Rights for RSUs; Dividend Credits.  Unless otherwise designated by the Committee 
in the Award Agreement, the Participant shall have no shareholder rights with respect to the shares of Common 
Stock subject to the RSU, including any voting and dividend rights, until actual shares of Common Stock are 
issued upon settlement of such RSU Award.  However, the Committee may designate that the unvested portion 
of an RSU Award is eligible for dividend credits, in which case such dividend credits shall be paid when such 
underlying shares of Common Stock subject to the RSU Award are issued to the Participant. 

ARTICLE IX  
AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION OF PLAN AND PLAN AWARDS 

9.1 

Amendment and Termination By the Board.  Subject to Section 9.2 below, the Board shall have 
the power at any time to add to, amend, modify or repeal any of the provisions of the Plan, to suspend the operation 
of the entire Plan or any of its provisions for any period or to terminate the Plan in whole or in part.  In the event 
of  any  such  action,  to  the  extent  it  determines  necessary  to  administer  the  Plan,  the  Committee  shall  prepare 
written procedures which, when approved by the Board, shall govern the administration of the Plan resulting from 
such  addition,  amendment,  modification,  repeal,  suspension  or  termination.    No  Award  Agreement  may  be 
amended to reprice or constructively reprice any Award.  

Financial Information  167 

 
  
9.2 

Restrictions  on  Amendment  and  Termination.    Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  Section  9.1 

above, the following restrictions shall apply to the Board’s authority under Section 9.1 above: 

(a) 

(b) 

Prohibition  Against  Adverse  Effects  on  Outstanding  Awards.    No  addition,  amendment, 
modification, repeal, suspension or termination shall adversely affect, in any way, the rights of a 
Participant who has an outstanding Award without the consent of such Participant.  The Committee 
shall  not  amend  any  Award  Agreement  that  it  previously  has  authorized  under  the  Plan  that 
adversely  affects  the  Participant’s  rights  or  benefits  under  an  Award  without  the  written  (or 
electronic) consent of the Participant holding such Award. 

Shareholder Approval Required for Certain Modifications.  No modification or amendment of the 
Plan  may  be  made  without  the  prior  approval  of  the  shareholders  of  the  Company  if  (1)  such 
modification or amendment would cause the applicable portions of the Plan to fail to qualify as an 
ISO plan pursuant to Code Section 422, (2) such modification or amendment would materially 
increase the benefits accruing to Participants under the Plan, (3) such modification or amendment 
would materially increase the number of securities which may be issued under the Plan, (4) such 
modification  or  amendment  would  materially  modify  the  requirements  as  to  eligibility  for 
participation in the Plan or (5) such approval is necessary with respect to tax, securities or other 
applicable  laws  or  the  applicable  rules  or  regulations  of  any  stock  exchange  or  the  NASDAQ 
National Market System.  Clauses (2), (3) and (4) of the preceding sentence shall be interpreted in 
accordance with the provisions of paragraph (b)(2) of Rule 16b-3.  Shareholder approval shall be 
made by a majority of the votes cast at a duly held meeting at which a quorum representing a 
majority of all outstanding voting stock is, either in person or by proxy, present and voting, or by 
the written consent in lieu of a meeting of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting stock 
or such greater number of shares of voting stock as may be required by the Company’s articles or 
certificate  of  incorporation  and  bylaws  and  by  applicable  law;  provided,  however,  that  for 
modifications described in clauses (2), (3) and (4) above, such shareholder approval, whether by 
vote or by written consent in lieu of a meeting, must be solicited substantially in accordance with 
the  rules  and  regulations  in  effect  under  Section  14(a)  of  the  Exchange  Act  as  required  by 
paragraph (b)(2) of Rule 16b-3. 

ARTICLE X   
PLAN OPERATION 

10.1  Beneficiary.  Upon  a  Participant’s  death,  the  Participant’s  Beneficiary  shall  be  determined  as 

follows: 

(a) 

Designation of Beneficiary.  A Participant's Beneficiary shall be the person who is last designated 
in  writing  by  the  Participant  as  such  Participant's  Beneficiary  hereunder.    A  Participant  shall 
designate  his  or  her  original  Beneficiary  in  writing  (on  paper  or  electronically)  on  the  form 
provided by the Committee.  Any subsequent modification of the Participant's Beneficiary shall 
be on the form provided by the Committee.  A designation of Beneficiary shall be effective when 
the  properly  completed  form  is  received  and  accepted  by  the  Committee  (or  its  designee),  as 
determined in the Committee's (or its delegate’s) sole discretion. 

(b) 

No Designated Beneficiary.  If no Beneficiary has been validly designated by a Participant, or the 
Beneficiary  designated  by  the  Participant  is  no  longer  living  or  in  existence  at  the  time  of  the 
Participant's death, then the Participant's Beneficiary shall be deemed to be the Participant's legal 
spouse under applicable state law, or if none, the Participant's estate. 

168  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
(c) 

(d) 

Designation of Multiple Beneficiaries.  A Participant may, consistent with subsection (a) above, 
designate more than one person as a Beneficiary if, for each such Beneficiary, the Participant also 
designates a percentage of the Participant's Award to be transferred to such Beneficiary upon the 
Participant's  death.    Unless  otherwise  specified  by  the  Participant,  any  designation  by  the 
Participant of multiple Beneficiaries shall be interpreted as a designation by the Participant that 
each such Beneficiary (to the extent such Beneficiary is alive or in existence as of the Participant's 
date  of  death)  should  be  entitled  to  an  equal  percentage  of  the  Participant's  Award.    Each 
Beneficiary shall have complete and non-joint rights with respect to the portion of a Participant's 
Award to be transferred to such Beneficiary upon the Participant's death. 

Contingent Beneficiaries.  A Participant may designate one or more contingent Beneficiaries to 
receive all or a portion of the Participant's Award in the event that all of the Participant's original 
Beneficiaries  should  predecease  the  Participant.    In  the  event  that  one  or  more  original 
Beneficiaries  predeceases  the  Participant,  then  the  remaining  original  Beneficiaries  specified 
above  shall  be  entitled  to  the  share  of  such  deceased  Beneficiary  in  direct  proportion  to  their 
designated shares. 

10.2  Compliance with Other Laws and Regulations. 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

The Company shall not be required to sell or issue any shares of Common Stock under any Award 
if the sale or issuance of such shares would constitute a violation by the Participant or the Company 
of  any  provision  of  any  law  or  regulation  of  any  governmental  authority,  including  without 
limitation any federal or state securities laws or regulations.  If at any time the Company shall 
determine, in its discretion, that the listing, registration or qualification of any shares subject to an 
Award upon any securities exchange or under any governmental regulatory body is necessary or 
desirable as a condition of, or in connection with, the issuance or purchase of shares hereunder, no 
shares of Common Stock may be issued or sold to the Participant exercising a Stock Option or 
SAR unless such listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval shall have been effected 
or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Company, and any delay caused thereby 
shall in no way affect the date of termination of the Award.  

In connection with the Securities Act, upon the exercise of any Option or SAR or the delivery of 
any  shares  of  Common  Stock  underlying  an  Award,  unless  a  registration  statement  under  the 
Securities Act is in effect with respect to the shares of Common Stock covered by such Award, the 
Company  shall  not  be  required  to  sell  or  issue  such  shares  unless  the  Committee  has  received 
evidence satisfactory to it that the Participant or any other individual exercising a Stock Option 
may acquire such shares pursuant to an exemption from registration under the Securities Act.  

The Company may, but shall in no event be obligated to, register any securities covered hereby 
pursuant to the Securities Act.  The Company shall not be obligated to take any affirmative action 
in  order  to  cause  the  exercise  of  a  Stock  Option  or  the  issuance  of  shares  of  Common  Stock 
pursuant to the Plan to comply with any law or regulation of any governmental authority.  As to 
any jurisdiction that expressly imposes the requirement that a Stock Option or SAR shall not be 
exercisable until the shares of Common Stock covered by such Stock Option or SAR are registered 
or are exempt from registration, the exercise of such Stock Option or SAR (under circumstances 
in which the laws of such jurisdiction apply) shall be deemed conditioned upon the effectiveness 
of such registration or the availability of such an exemption. 

(d) 

The Company may require a Participant to submit evidence that the Participant is acquiring shares 
of Common Stock for investment purposes.   

Financial Information  169 

 
  
10.3  Rule 16b-3.  During any time when the Company has a class of equity security registered under 
Section  12  of  the  Exchange  Act,  it  is  the  intent  of  the  Company  that  Awards  and  the  vesting,  exercise  and 
settlement thereof qualify for the exemption provided by Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act.  To the extent that 
any provision of the Plan or action by the Board or Committee does not comply with the requirements of Rule 
16b-3, it shall be deemed inoperative to the extent permitted by law and deemed advisable by the Board, and shall 
not affect the validity of the Plan.  In the event that Rule 16b-3 is revised or replaced, the Board may exercise its 
discretion to modify this Plan in any respect necessary to satisfy the requirements of, or to take advantage of any 
features of, the revised exemption or its replacement. 

10.4  Tax Withholding.  The Company and its Affiliates shall have the power and the right to deduct or 
withhold from amounts (including withholding any shares of Common Stock that otherwise would be issued on 
exercise or following the vesting of an Award) to the Participant by the Company or such Affiliate, or require a 
Participant to remit to the Company or such Affiliate as a condition of any Award, an amount (in cash or in kind, 
subject to the approval of the Company) sufficient to satisfy the minimum Federal, state and local taxes, domestic 
or foreign, required by law or regulation to be withheld with respect to any taxable event arising as a result of the 
Plan.    Notwithstanding  the  above,  in  the  case  of  Stock  Options  and  SARs,  such  tax  withholding  shall  be 
accomplished as set forth in Sections 6.7 and 7.7. 

10.5  Limitation  of  Implied  Rights.    No  provision  in  the  Plan  or  in  any  Award  Agreement  shall  be 
construed  to  confer  upon  any  individual  the  right  to  remain  in  the  employ  or  service  of  the  Company  or  any 
Affiliate, or to interfere in any way with any contractual or other right or authority of the Company or any Affiliate 
either to increase or decrease the compensation or other payments to any individual at any time, or to terminate 
any employment or other relationship between any individual and the Company or any Affiliate. 

10.6  No Trust or Fund Created.  Neither a Participant nor any other person shall, by reason of the Plan 
or any Award, acquire any right in or title to any assets, funds or property, other than the Common Stock of the 
Company or an Affiliate, including, without limitation, any specific funds, assets, or other property which the 
Company or its Affiliates, in its sole discretion, may set aside in anticipation of a liability under the Plan.  A 
Participant shall have only a contractual right to the Common Stock underlying Awards granted under the Plan, 
unsecured by any assets of the Company or an Affiliate.  Nothing contained in the Plan shall constitute a guarantee 
that the assets of the Company or its Affiliates shall be sufficient to pay any benefits to any person. 

10.7  Nonexclusively of the Plan.  Neither the adoption of the Plan nor the submission of the Plan to the 
Company’s shareholders for approval shall be construed as creating any limitations upon the right and authority 
of the Board to adopt such other incentive compensation arrangements (which arrangements may be applicable 
either  generally  to  a  class  or  classes  of  individuals  or  specifically  to  a  particular  individual  or  particular 
individuals). 

10.8  Conditions of Participation in the Plan.  When the Committee makes an Award, it may require a 
Participant to execute (on paper or electronically) an Award Agreement in a form specified by the Committee, 
agreeing to the terms and conditions of the Award and to such additional terms and conditions, not inconsistent 
with the terms and conditions of the Plan, as the Committee may, in its sole discretion, prescribe.  If there is a 
conflict between any provision of an Award Agreement and the Plan, the Plan shall control. 

10.9  Notices;  Evidence.    In  order  for  a  Participant  or  other  individual  to  give  notice  or  other 
communication  to  the  Committee,  the  notice  or  other  communication  shall  be  in  the  form  specified  by  the 
Committee and delivered to the location designated by the Committee in its sole discretion.  Anyone required to 
give evidence under the Plan may give such evidence by certificate, affidavit, document or other information 
which the person acting on the evidence considers pertinent, reliable and signed, made or presented (on paper or 
electronically) by the proper party or parties. 

170  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
10.10  Gender and Number.  Words in any gender shall include any other gender, words in the singular 

shall include the plural and the plural shall include the singular.   

10.11  Headings.  The headings in this Plan are for convenience of reference.  Headings are not a part of 

the Plan and shall not be considered in the construction hereof. 

10.12  Legal References.  Any reference in this Plan to a provision of law which is later revised, modified, 
finalized or redesignated, shall automatically be considered a reference to such revised, modified, finalized or 
redesignated provision of law. 

10.13  No Rights to Perform Services.  Nothing contained in the Plan, or any modification thereof, shall 

be construed to give any individual any rights to perform services for the Company or any of its Affiliates. 

10.14  Unfunded  Arrangement.    The  Plan  shall  not  be  funded,  and  except  for  reserving  a  sufficient 
number of authorized shares to the extent required by law to meet the requirements of the Plan, the Company 
shall not be required to establish any special or separate fund or to make any other segregation of assets to assure 
the payment of any grant under the Plan. 

10.15  Clawback/Recovery.  Subject to Code Section 409A, all Awards granted under the Plan will be 
subject to clawback, recovery, or recoupment, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, including 
but  not  limited  to  a  reacquisition  right  with  respect  to  previously  granted  Restricted  Stock  or  other  cash  or 
property, (a) as provided in the Company’s forfeiture policy implemented by the Company from time to time and 
applicable  to  all  Officers  and  directors  of  the  Company  on  the  same  terms  and  conditions,  including  without 
limitation, any such policy adopted to comply with the requirements of applicable law or the rules and regulations 
of any stock exchange applicable to the Company, (b) as is required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and 
Consumer Protection Act, or other applicable law, (c) as provided in the applicable Award Agreement, and/or (d) 
to the extent that the Committee determines that the Participant has been involved in the altering, inflating, and/or 
inappropriate manipulation of performance/financial results or any other infraction of recognized ethical business 
standards,  or  that  the  Participant  has  willfully  engaged  in  any  activity  injurious  to  the  Company,  or  the 
Participant’s  Separation  from  Service  with  the  Company  or  its  Affiliates  is  for  Cause.    No  recovery  of 
compensation under this Section will be an event giving rise to a right to resign for “good reason” or “constructive 
termination” (or similar term) under any agreement with the Company or any of its Affiliates. 

10.16  Code Section 409A.  Although the Company does not guarantee to a Participant any particular tax 
treatment of an Award, Awards are intended to comply with, or be exempt from, the requirements of Code Section 
409A,  to  the  extent  it  applies.    The  Plan  and  each  Award  Agreement  will  be  construed  and  interpreted  in 
accordance with such intent, except as otherwise determined in the sole discretion of the Committee.  In no event 
whatsoever shall the Company or any of its Affiliates be liable for any additional tax, interest or penalties that 
may be imposed on a Participant pursuant to or as a result of Code Section 409A or for any damages for failing 
to  qualify  for  an  exemption  from,  or  comply  with,  Code  Section  409A.   If  the  Participant  is  deemed  on  a 
Separation from Service to be a “specified employee” within the meaning of Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), then 
with  regard  to  any  Award  that  is  considered  nonqualified  deferred  compensation  under  Code  Section  409A 
payable on account of a Separation from Service, such Award shall be paid at the date which is the earlier of (A) 
the  expiration  of  the  six  (6)  month  period  measured  from  the  date  of  such  a  Separation  from  Service  of  the 
Participant, and (B) the date of the Participant’s death (the “Delay Period”).  Upon the expiration of the Delay 
Period, all payments delayed pursuant to this Section (whether they would have otherwise been payable in a single 
sum  or  in  installments  in  the  absence  of  such  delay)  shall  be  paid  to  the  Participant  in  a  lump  sum  and  any 
remaining payments due under the Award shall be paid in accordance with the normal payment dates specified 
for them in the Plan or the applicable Award Agreement. 

Financial Information  171 

 
  
10.17  International Awards.  The Committee may adopt special guidelines and provisions for Awards 
with respect to Participants who are employed or reside in any country other than the United States in order to 
comply with the applicable laws of such other country. 

10.18  Governing Law.  The Plan is governed by and shall be construed in accordance with the laws of 

the State of Alabama, without regard to any choice of law principles thereof or of any other jurisdiction. 

***** 

ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ON MARCH 6, 2020, 
EFFECTIVE AS OF MAY 13, 2020, 
AMENDED AND RESTATED EFFECTIVE JULY 8, 2022 

172  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
Exhibit 10.1(u) 

ADTRAN HOLDINGS, INC. 

2020 DIRECTORS STOCK PLAN 

Originally effective May 13, 2020 
Amended and Restated Effective January 24, 2023 

Financial Information  173 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
ADTRAN HOLDINGS, INC. 
AMENDED AND RESTATED 2020  
DIRECTORS STOCK PLAN 

ARTICLE I 
Purpose 

1.1 

Background.  ADTRAN, Inc. (“ADTRAN, Inc.”), predecessor to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. (the 
“Company”), initially adopted this equity incentive plan for the benefit of its directors to replace certain Prior 
Plans that have expired; provided, however, that notwithstanding that replacement, the Prior Plans shall remain 
in effect with respect to outstanding awards so long as any awards thereunder are outstanding.  This plan was 
assumed by the Company, as the successor to ADTRAN, Inc., at the closing of the Merger on July 8, 2022 for 
the benefit of the Company’s directors and was amended and restated effective January 24, 2023.  This plan shall 
be known as the ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 2020 Directors Stock Plan (as amended and restated, the “Plan”).     

1.2 

General  Purpose.    The  purpose  of  this  Plan  is  to  further  the  growth  and  development  of  the 
Company by encouraging Directors who are not employees of the Company to obtain a proprietary interest in the 
Company by owning its stock.  The Company intends that the Plan will provide such Persons with an added 
incentive to continue to serve as Directors and will stimulate their efforts in promoting the growth, efficiency and 
profitability  of  the  Company.    The  Company  also  intends  that  the  Plan  will  afford  the  Company  a  means  of 
attracting individuals of outstanding quality to service on the Board. 

1.3 

Type of Awards Available Under the Plan.  The Plan permits Awards of stock Options, Restricted 
Stock and Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”).  The type of stock Options permitted under the Plan are nonqualified 
stock options (“NQSOs”). 

1.4 

Intended  Tax  Effects  of  Awards.    The  Company  intends  that  Restricted  Stock  Awards  granted 
under the Plan are subject to taxation under Code Section 83.  NQSOs are subject to taxation when the NQSO is 
exercised.  Restricted Stock Units are subject to taxation when the underlying shares of Common Stock are issued 
to the Participant. 

1.5 

Effective  Date  of  the  Plan.    The  Plan  became  effective  on  the  date  of  its  approval  by  the 
stockholders  of  ADTRAN,  Inc.  on  May  13,  2020  (the  “Effective  Date”)  in  accordance  with  applicable  law 
(including, without limitation, approvals required under Rule 16b-3). 

1.6 

Term.  Unless earlier terminated by the Board pursuant to the provisions of Article IX hereof, the 
Plan  shall  remain  in  effect  until  the  tenth  (10th)  anniversary  of  the  Effective  Date;  provided,  however,  that 
notwithstanding its termination, the Plan shall remain in effect with respect to outstanding Awards as long as any 
Awards are outstanding. 

1.7 

Operation,  Administration  and  Definitions.    The  operation  and  administration  of  the  Plan  are 
subject to the provisions of this Plan document.  Capitalized terms used in the Plan are defined in Article II below 
or may be defined within the Plan. 

1.8 

Legal Compliance.  The Plan is intended to comply with (a) Code Section 409A, to the extent any 
Awards are treated as nonqualified deferred compensation under Code Section 409A, and (b) the exemption of 
Awards under the provisions of Rule 16b-3.  

174  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
 
ARTICLE II 
Definitions 

The following words and phrases as used in this Plan shall have the meanings set forth in this Article 

unless a different meaning is clearly required by the context: 

2.1 

“Affiliate”  means  an  entity  that,  directly  or  indirectly,  controls,  is  controlled  by,  or  is  under 

common control with the Company, within the meaning of Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

2.2 

“Award” means any Option, Restricted Stock, or Restricted Stock Unit granted to a Participant 

under the Plan. 

2.3 

“Award Agreement” means the written (or electronic) agreement issued by the Company to the 

Participant that sets forth the terms and provisions of an Award granted under the Plan. 

2.4 

“Beneficiary” means, with respect to a Participant, the Person(s) to whom the Participant’s Award 

shall be transferred upon the Participant's death, determined as set forth in Section 10.1. 

2.5 

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company. 

2.6 

“Cause” means an act or acts by a Person involving personal dishonesty, incompetence, willful 
misconduct,  moral  turpitude,  intentional  failure  to  perform  stated  duties,  willful  violation  of  any  law,  rule  or 
regulation  (other  than  traffic  violations  or  similar  offenses),  the  use  for  profit  or  disclosure  to  unauthorized 
Persons of confidential information or trade secrets of the Company or its subsidiaries, the breach of any contract 
with or material written policy of the Company or its subsidiaries, the unlawful trading in the securities of the 
Company or of another corporation based on information gained as a result of the performance of services for the 
Company or its subsidiaries, a felony conviction, or the failure to contest prosecution for a felony, embezzlement, 
fraud, deceit or civil rights violations, any of which acts negatively impact the Company or any of its subsidiaries 
or  cause  the  Company  or  any  of  its  subsidiaries  liability  or  loss,  as  determined  by  the  Committee  in  its  sole 
discretion. 

2.7 
Date of this Plan: 

“Change of Control” means the occurrence of any of the following events on or after the Effective 

(a) 

Change in Ownership.  A change in the ownership of the Company occurs on the date that any one 
Person, or more than one Person acting as a group, acquires ownership of stock of the Company 
that, together with stock held by such Person or group, constitutes more than fifty percent (50%) 
of the total fair market value or total voting power of the stock of the Company.  However, if any 
one Person or more than one Person acting as a group, is considered to own more than fifty percent 
(50%)  of  the  total  fair  market  value  or  total  voting  power  of  the  stock  of  the  Company,  the 
acquisition of additional stock by the same Person or Persons is not considered to cause a change 
in the ownership of the Company or to cause a change in the effective control of the Company 
(within the meaning of subsection (b) below).  An increase in the percentage of stock owned by 
any one Person, or Persons acting as a group, as a result of a transaction in which the Company 
acquires its stock in exchange for property, will be treated as an acquisition of stock for purposes 
of this Section. This applies only when there is a transfer of stock of the Company (or issuance of 
stock of the Company) and stock in the Company remains outstanding after the transaction. 

(b) 

Change in Effective Control.  A change in the effective control of the Company occurs on the date 
that either: (1) any one Person, or more than one Person acting as a group, acquires (or has acquired 
during the 12-month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such Person or 
Persons) ownership of stock of the Company possessing thirty-five percent (35%) or more of the 
Financial Information  175 

 
  
 
total voting power of the stock of the Company; or (2) a majority of members of the Board is 
replaced during any 12-month period by directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed 
by a majority of the members of the Board prior to the date of the appointment or election.  A 
change in effective control may occur in any transaction in which either of the two corporations 
involved in the transaction has a Change of Control; or 

(c) 

Change  in  Ownership  of  a  Substantial  Portion  of  Assets.    A  change  in  the  ownership  of  a 
substantial portion of the Company’s assets shall occur on the date that any one Person, or more 
than one Person acting as a group, acquires (or has acquired during the 12-month period ending 
on the date of the most recent acquisition by such Person or Persons) assets from the Company 
that have a total gross fair market value equal to or more than forty percent (40%) of the total gross 
fair  market  value  of  all  of  the  assets  of  the  Company  immediately  prior  to  such  acquisition  or 
acquisitions.  For  this  purpose,  gross  fair  market  value  means  the  value  of  the  assets  of  the 
Company, or the value of the assets being disposed of, determined without regard to any liabilities 
associated with such assets. 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if it is determined that an Award hereunder is subject to Code Section 
409A, the Company will not be deemed to have undergone a Change of Control unless the Company is deemed 
to have undergone a “change in ownership,” a “change in effective control,” or a “change in the ownership of a 
substantial portion of the assets,” within the meaning of Code Section 409A. 

2.8 

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.  A reference to any provision of 
the  Code  includes  any  regulations  and  formal  guidance  issued  thereunder  and  any  reference  to  any  successor 
provision of the Code. 

2.9 

“Committee”  means  the  committee  appointed  by  the  Board  pursuant  to  Section  3.2  hereof  to 
administer and interpret the Plan in accordance with Article III.  The Committee shall (a) consist of two or more 
individuals each of whom shall be, to the extent required by Rule 16b-3, a “non-employee director” as defined in 
Rule 16b-3, and (b) satisfy the applicable requirements of any stock exchange or national market system on which 
the Common Stock may then be listed.  

2.10  “Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share. 

2.11  “Company” means ADTRAN Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and any successor thereto. 

2.12  “Director” means an individual who is not an employee of the Company and who is serving as a 
member  of  the  Board  (i.e.,  a  director  of  the  Company),  including  as  a  director  emeritus  providing  advisory 
services to the Board. 

2.13  “Disability” means a Participant is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason 
of any medically-determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which 
has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve (12) months.  A Participant 
shall be considered disabled only if he furnishes such proof of Disability as the Committee may reasonably require 
from time to time. 

2.14  “Effective Date” means the effective date of this Plan, subject to shareholder approval as provided 

in Section 1.5.   

2.15  “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 

2.16  “Exercise Price” means the purchase price of the shares of Common Stock underlying an Option. 

176  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
“Fair Market Value” of the Common Stock as of a date of determination means the following:  

(a)  Stock Listed and Shares Traded.  If the Common Stock is listed and traded on a national 
securities exchange (as such term is defined by the Exchange Act) or on the NASDAQ National Market 
System on the date of determination, the Fair Market Value per share shall be the closing price of a share 
of the Common Stock on said national securities exchange or NASDAQ National Market System on the 
business day immediately preceding the date of determination.  If the Common Stock is traded in the over-
the-counter market, the Fair Market Value per share shall be the closing price of a share on the business 
day immediately preceding the date of determination. 

(b)  Stock Listed But No Shares Traded.  If the Common Stock is listed on a national securities 
exchange or on the NASDAQ National Market System but no shares of the Common Stock are traded on 
the date of determination but there were shares traded on dates within a reasonable period before the date 
of determination, the Fair Market Value shall be the closing price of a share of the Common Stock on the 
most recent date before the date of determination.  If the Common Stock is regularly traded in the over-
the-counter  market  but  no  shares  of  the  Common  Stock  are  traded  on  the  date  of  determination  (or  if 
records of such trades are unavailable or burdensome to obtain) but there were shares traded on dates 
within a reasonable period before the date of determination, the Fair Market Value shall be the average of 
the closing bid and asked prices of a share of the Common Stock on the most recent date before the date 
of determination on which trading occurred. 

(c)  Stock Not Listed.  If the Common Stock is not listed on a national securities exchange or on 
the NASDAQ National Market System and is not regularly traded in the over-the-counter market, then 
the Committee shall determine the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock in a manner consistent with 
the requirements of Code Section 409A.  

In any event, the determination of Fair Market Value shall be consistent with the requirements of Code 
Section 409A and, in the case of an ISO, in compliance with Code Section 422.  The Committee's determination 
of Fair Market Value, which shall be made pursuant to the foregoing provisions, shall be final and binding for all 
purposes of this Plan. 

2.17 

“Family Member” means a Person who is a spouse, former spouse, child, stepchild, grandchild, 
parent,  stepparent,  grandparent,  niece,  nephew,  mother-in-law,  father-in-law,  son-in-law,  daughter-in-law, 
brother, sister, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships, of the Participant, any Person 
sharing the Participant’s household (other than a tenant or employee), a trust in which any one or more of these 
Persons have more than fifty percent (50%) of the beneficial interest, a foundation in which any one or more of 
these Persons (or the Participant) control the management of assets, and any other entity in which one or more of 
these Persons (or the Participant) own more than fifty percent (50%)  of the voting interests. 

2.18  “Merger” means the merger on July 8, 2022 of Acorn MergeCo, Inc., a Delaware corporation and 
then  wholly-owned  direct  subsidiary  of  the  Company  (“Merger  Sub”),  with  and  into  ADTRAN,  Inc.,  with 
ADTRAN, Inc. surviving the merger as a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of the Company, pursuant to that certain 
Business Combination Agreement, dated as of August 30, 2021, by and among the Company, ADTRAN, Inc., 
ADVA Optical Networking SE and Merger Sub. 

2.19  “Option” means an option to purchase shares of Common Stock that is granted under Article V 

hereof and not an incentive stock option within the meaning of Code Section 422. 

2.20  “Participant” means a Director who has been selected to receive an Award, or with respect to 

whom an Award is outstanding, under the Plan. 

2.21  “Person” means any individual, organization, corporation, partnership, trust or other entity. 

Financial Information  177 

 
  
2.22  “Plan” means this ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 2020 Directors Stock Plan, as amended and restated. 

2.23  “Prior Plans” means the: 

(a) 

ADTRAN, Inc. 2005 Directors Stock Option Plan (expired on May 17, 2015); and 

(b) 

ADTRAN, Inc. 2010 Directors Stock Plan (expired on December 31, 2019). 

2.24  “Restricted  Stock”  means  an  Award  of  Common  Stock  that  is  subject  to  such  conditions, 

restrictions and contingencies as the Committee determines and sets forth in the applicable Award Agreement. 

2.25  “Restricted Stock Unit” or “RSU” means an Award of a unit representing one share of Common 
Stock that, upon satisfaction of certain conditions, restrictions and contingencies as the Committee determines 
and sets forth in the applicable RSU Agreement, shall result in the issuance of one share of Common Stock.  

2.26  “Rule 16b-3” means Rule 16b-3 under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, as then in effect or any 

successor provision. 

2.27  “Separation from Service” means a termination of service by a Participant with the Company 
and its Affiliates; provided, that if any Award that is treated as nonqualified deferred compensation (within the 
meaning of Code Section 409A), or any dividend or dividend credit thereon, is to be paid or distributed upon a 
Separation from Service, then a Separation from Service shall not occur unless it qualifies as a “separation from 
service” within the meaning of Code Section 409A.  Unless otherwise stated in the applicable Award Agreement, 
a Participant’s change in position, duties or status (e.g., from director to consultant, director to employee) shall 
not result in interrupted or terminated service, so long as such Participant continues to provide services to the 
Company  or  an  Affiliate  and  a  “separation  from  service”  under  Code  Section  409A  is  not  deemed  to  have 
occurred.  The determination of whether an authorized leave of absence or absence for military or government 
service or for any other reason shall constitute a Separation from Service for purposes of any Award granted under 
the Plan shall be determined by the Committee and, if applicable, in accordance with Code Section 409A, which 
determination shall be final and conclusive. 

2.28  “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. 

2.29  “Total Remuneration” means the total annual compensation (including Awards under the Plan) 
which may be paid to a Director for a given year (running from one annual shareholders’ meeting to the next), as 
may  be  modified  from  time  to  time,  excluding  any  additional  retainer  for  acting  in  certain  capacities  such  as 
committee chair or lead director, and any additional meeting fees.   

ARTICLE III   
Administration 

3.1 

General Administration.  The Plan shall be administered and interpreted by the Committee (as 
designated pursuant to Section 3.2).  Subject to the express provisions of  the  Plan,  the  Committee  shall  have 
authority  to  interpret  the  Plan,  to  prescribe,  amend  and  rescind  rules  and  regulations  relating  to  the  Plan,  to 
determine the terms and provisions of the Award Agreements by which Awards shall be evidenced (which shall 
not be inconsistent with the terms of the Plan), and to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for 
the administration of the Plan, all of which determinations shall be final, binding and conclusive on all Persons. 

3.2 

Appointment of Committee.  The Board shall appoint the Committee from among its non-employee 
members to serve at the pleasure of the Board.  The Board from time to time may remove members from, or add 
members to, the Committee and shall fill all vacancies thereon.   

178  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
3.3 

Organization.  The Committee may select one of its members as its chairman and shall hold its 
meetings at such times and at such places as it shall deem advisable.  A majority of the Committee shall constitute 
a quorum, and such majority shall determine its actions.  The Committee shall keep minutes of its proceedings 
and shall report the same to the Board at least annually. 

3.4 

Powers  of  Committee.    The  Committee  may  make  one  or  more  Awards  under  the  Plan.    The 
Committee shall decide which eligible Directors shall receive an Award and when to grant an Award, the type of 
Award that it shall grant and the number of shares of Common Stock covered by the Award, subject to the terms 
of the Plan.  The Committee shall also decide the terms, conditions, performance criteria, restrictions and other 
provisions  of  the  Award.    The  Committee  shall  act  by  a  majority  of  its  then  members,  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Committee or by unanimous written consent.  The Committee shall keep adequate records concerning the Plan 
and the Committee’s proceedings and acts in such form and detail as the Committee may decide. 

3.5 

Delegation by Committee.  Unless prohibited by applicable law or the applicable rules of a stock 
exchange, the Committee may allocate all or some of its responsibilities and powers to any one or more of its 
members.  The Committee also may delegate some or all of it administrative duties and powers to any employee 
or  officer  of  the  Company  or  its  Affiliates.    The  Committee  hereby  delegates  to  the  Company’s  Corporate 
Secretary  and  the  Company’s  executive  officers  the  authority  to  document  any  and  all  Awards  made  by  the 
Committee under the Plan by execution of the appropriate Award Agreements.  The Committee may revoke any 
such allocation or delegation at any time. 

3.6 

Information to be Furnished to Committee.  In order for the Committee to discharge its duties, it 
may  require  the  Company,  its  Affiliates,  Participants  and  other  Persons  entitled  to  benefits  under  the  Plan  to 
provide it with certain data and information. 

3.7 

Deferral  Arrangement.    The  Committee  may  permit  or  require  the  deferral  of  payment  of  any 
Award,  subject  to  such  rules  and  procedures  as  it  may  establish  and  in  accordance  with  Code  Section  409A. 
Unless otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, any such deferral will not include provisions for the payment 
or crediting of interest or dividend equivalents. 

3.8 

Indemnification.  In addition to such other rights of indemnification that apply to them as members 
of  the  Board  or  a  committee  thereof,  the  Company  shall  indemnify  the  members  of  the  Committee  (and  any 
designees of the Committee, as permitted under Section 3.5), to the extent permitted by applicable law, against 
reasonable  expenses  (including,  without  limitation,  attorney’s  fees)  actually  and  necessarily  incurred  in 
connection with the defense of any action, suit or proceeding, or in connection with any appeal, to which they or 
any of them may be a party by reason of any action taken or failure to act under or in connection with the Plan or 
any  Award  awarded  hereunder,  and  against  all  amounts  paid  by  them  in  settlement  thereof  (provided  such 
settlement is approved to the extent required by and in the manner provided by the Articles of Incorporation or 
the  Bylaws  of  the  Company  relating  to  indemnification  of  the  members  of  the  Board)  or  paid  by  them  in 
satisfaction of a judgment in any such action, suit or proceeding, except in relation to such matters as to which it 
is adjudged in such action, suit or proceeding that such Committee member or members (or their designees) did 
not act in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the 
Company. 

ARTICLE IV   
Stock; Eligibility and Annual Grants 

4.1 

Common Stock Subject to Awards.  Common Stock subject to Awards and other provisions of the 
Plan  shall  consist  of  the  following:  (a)  authorized  but  unissued  shares  of  Common  Stock;  (b)  authorized  and 
issued shares of Common Stock held by the Company in its treasury which have been reacquired by the Company; 
and (c) shares of Common Stock purchased by the Company in the open market. 

Financial Information  179 

 
  
4.2 

Authorized Shares.  Subject to adjustment in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.3, the 
maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan for Awards shall equal three 
hundred seventy three thousand (373,000) shares of Common Stock, adjusted as follows: 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

Each Award of stock Options, Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units granted under 
this Plan will reduce the number of authorized shares available under the Plan by one (1) 
share of Common Stock for each share underlying such Award. 

Shares  of  Common  Stock  underlying  an  Award  under  this  Plan  or  Prior  Plans  that  is 
cancelled, terminated, expires without exercise, is forfeited, or lapses, for any reason shall 
again be available for issuance pursuant to Awards under this Plan. 

Notwithstanding  anything  to  the  contrary  herein,  the  following  shares  shall  not  again 
become available for issuance under the Plan: (1) shares of Common Stock withheld by, 
or otherwise remitted to, the Company as full or partial payment of the Exercise Price to 
the Company upon exercise of Options granted under the Plan; and (2) shares of Common 
Stock  withheld  by,  or  otherwise  remitted  to,  the  Company  to  satisfy  a  Participant’s  tax 
withholding obligations (if any) upon the lapse of restrictions on Restricted Stock or RSUs 
or upon the exercise of Stock Options or upon any other payment or issuance under the 
Plan. 

The Committee shall establish appropriate methods for determining the number of shares available for issuance 
under the Plan and the number of shares that have been actually issued under the Plan at any time.  In no event 
shall fractional shares of Common Stock be issued under the Plan. 

4.3 

Effects of Changes in Capitalization.   

(a) 

Changes  to  Common  Stock.    If  the  number  of  outstanding  shares  of  Common  Stock  is 
increased or decreased or the shares of Common Stock are changed into or exchanged for 
a different number or kind of shares or other securities of the Company on account of any 
recapitalization, reclassification, stock split, reverse split, combination of shares, exchange 
of shares, stock dividend or other distribution payable in capital stock, or other increase or 
decrease in such shares effected without receipt of consideration by the Company occurring 
after  the  Effective  Date  (“Equity  Restructuring”),  the  number  and  kinds  of  shares  for 
which Awards may be granted under the Plan and/or the Exercise Price shall be adjusted 
proportionately  and  accordingly  by  the  Committee;  provided,  that  any  such  adjustment 
shall comply with Code Section 409A, if applicable.  In addition, the number and kind of 
shares  of  Common  Stock  for  which  Awards  are  outstanding  shall  be  adjusted 
proportionately  and  accordingly  so  that  the  proportionate  interest  of  the  Participant 
immediately  following  such  event  shall,  to  the  extent  practicable,  be  the  same  as 
immediately  before  such  event.    The  conversion  of  any  convertible  securities  of  the 
Company  shall  not  be  treated  as  an  increase  in  shares  effected  without  receipt  of 
consideration. 

(b) 

Change  of  Control  and  Other  Corporate  Transactions.  In  the  event  of  a  merger, 
consolidation,  reorganization,  extraordinary  dividend,  tender  offer  for  Common  Stock, 
Change of Control or other change in capital structure of the Company that is not an Equity 
Restructuring under subsection (a) above, the Committee may (but is not required to) make 
such adjustments with respect to Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to Awards 
and the number and/or Exercise Price of outstanding Awards and take such other action as 

180  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
it  deems  necessary  or  appropriate,  including,  without  limitation,  and  subject  to  the 
requirements of Code Section 409A, if applicable: 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

making appropriate provision for the continuation of an Award by substituting on 
an  equitable  basis  for  the  shares  of  Common  Stock  then  subject  to  such  Award 
either the consideration payable with respect to the outstanding shares of Common 
Stock in connection with the Change of Control or securities of any successor or 
acquiring entity; 

upon reasonable prior written notice to the Participant, providing that: (i) the Stock 
Options held by such Participant, to the extent then exercisable, must be exercised 
within a specified number of days after the date of such notice, at the end of which 
period  the  Stock  Options  shall  terminate  without  payment,  and/or  (ii)  a  grant  of 
Restricted Stock and/or RSUs Stock must be accepted (to the extent then subject to 
acceptance) within a specified number of days after the date of such notice, at the 
end of which period the offer of the Restricted Stock and/or RSUs shall terminate; 

terminating an Award, whether vested or unvested, in exchange for a payment equal 
to  (i)  for  Restricted  Stock  and  RSUs,  the  Fair  Market  Value  of  the  shares  of 
Common Stock subject to the Award or (ii) for Stock Options, the excess of the 
Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock subject to the Award over the 
Exercise Price, as applicable; 

providing that an Award shall become (as applicable) fully vested and exercisable, 
and any vesting period or restrictions shall lapse, immediately prior to the Change 
of Control; and/or 

with  respect  to  an  Award  subject  to  performance  measures,  providing  that  any 
incomplete performance periods shall end on the date of such Change of Control 
(or other corporate transaction described in this subsection (b)), and the Committee 
shall cause the Award to be settled based upon the higher of: (i) the Participant’s 
actual attainment of performance goals for the performance period through the date 
of the Change of Control (or other corporate transaction described in this subsection 
(b)) or (ii) the performance target award. 

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, an Award having an Exercise Price equal to or 
greater than the Fair Market Value of the consideration to be paid per share of Common 
Stock in the Change of Control may be canceled without payment of consideration to the 
applicable Participant. 

(c) 

Limits on Adjustments.  Any issuance by the Company of stock of any class other than the 
Common Stock, or securities convertible into shares of stock of any class, shall not affect, 
and no adjustment by reason thereof shall be made with respect to, the number or price of 
shares  of  the  Common  Stock  subject  to  any  Award,  except  as  specifically  provided 
otherwise in this Plan.  The grant of Awards under the Plan shall not affect in any way the 
right or authority of the Company to make adjustments, reclassifications, reorganizations 
or changes of its capital or business structure or to merge, consolidate or dissolve, or to 
liquidate, sell or transfer all or any part of its business or assets.  No fractional shares or 
other securities shall be issued pursuant to any such adjustment, and any fractions resulting 
from any such adjustment shall be eliminated in each case by rounding downward to the 
nearest whole share with no cash payment due therefor.  If the Company issues any rights 

Financial Information  181 

 
  
to subscribe for additional shares pro rata to holders of outstanding shares of the class or 
classes of stock then set aside for the Plan, then each Participant shall be entitled to the 
same rights on the same basis as holders of outstanding shares with respect to such portion 
of the Participant’s Award as is exercised on or prior to the record date for determining 
shareholders entitled to receive or exercise such rights.  All adjustments the Committee 
makes under this Plan shall be final and conclusive. 

4.4 

Individuals Eligible for Awards.  The individuals eligible to receive Awards hereunder shall be 
solely those individuals who are Directors and who are not employees of the Company or any of its Affiliates.   

4.5 

Annual and Other Grants.  All Awards granted under this Section shall comply in all respects with 

the terms and conditions of the Plan. 

(a) 

Initial  Grants.    Upon  initially  becoming  a  Director,  an  individual  shall  be  automatically 
entitled to receive an Award with a Fair Market Value (in the case of Options, as such value is determined 
by the Board in its sole discretion) on the date of grant equal to (i) 50% of the sum of (A) the annual grant 
detailed below in subsection (b) for the calendar year prior to the calendar year in which the individual 
initially becomes a Director and (B) any discretionary grants made pursuant to subsection (c) during the 
period  subsequent  to  such  annual  grant  in  clause  (A)  and  prior  to  the  date  of  such  individual’s  initial 
election as a Director, or (ii) such other lesser amount as determined in the discretion of the Board.  A 
Director who has previously served as a Director and who again becomes a Director shall not be entitled 
to an initial grant pursuant to this subsection (a).  Only a Director who has never served as a Director shall 
be entitled to an initial grant pursuant to this subsection (a).  An individual who receives an initial grant 
hereunder shall also be entitled to receive an annual grant under subsection (b) for the calendar year in 
which he initially becomes a Director.   

(b)  Annual  Grants.    As  of  December  31  of  each  calendar  year  in  which  an  individual  is  a 
Director, and provided such individual is a Director on such date, such individual shall be automatically 
entitled to receive an Award with a Fair Market Value (in the case of Options, as such value is determined 
by the Board in its sole discretion) on the date of grant equal to an amount (rounded to the nearest whole 
share) that has been determined by the Board in its discretion; provided, however, in no event shall the 
Fair  Market  Value  of  an  Award  granted  to  a  Director  during  a  given  year  (running  from  one  annual 
shareholders’ meeting to the next) pursuant to this subsection (b), together with the Fair Market Value of 
any Awards granted to such Director during such given year pursuant to subsection (c), exceed $250,000 
in the aggregate.  

(c)  Other Discretionary Grants.  The Board may, in its discretion, elect to grant to an individual 
who is a Director an Award with a Fair Market Value (in the case of Options, as such value is determined 
by the Board in its sole discretion) on the date of grant in an amount (rounded to the nearest whole share) 
that  has  been  determined  by  the  Board  in  its  discretion;  provided,  however,  in  no  event  shall  the  Fair 
Market  Value  of  any  Awards  granted  to  a  Director  during  a  given  year  (running  from  one  annual 
shareholders’ meeting to the next) pursuant to this subsection (c), together with the Fair Market Value of 
an Award granted to such Director during such given year pursuant to subsection (b), exceed $250,000 in 
the aggregate. 

(d)  Form of Grants.  All Awards shall be in the form of Restricted Stock unless the Board, upon 
recommendation by the Committee, determines that Awards shall be in the form of Options or Restricted 
Stock Units.  Any determination to grant Awards in a form other than Restricted Stock shall be made, (i) 
in the case of initial grants under subsection (a), prior to the date the Director becomes entitled to the 
Award, (ii) in the case of annual grants under subsection (b), before December 31 for Awards for the 

182  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
calendar year ending that December 31, and (iii) in the case of any grants under subsection (c), on or prior 
to the date of the Award. 

ARTICLE V 
Stock Options 

5.1 

Award  Agreement.    An  Award  of  an  Option  shall  be  evidenced  by  an  Award  Agreement  that 
specifies  the  following  terms  and  any  additional  terms  and  conditions  determined  by  the  Committee  and  not 
inconsistent with the Plan: (a) the name of the Participant; (b) the total number of shares of Common Stock to 
which the Option pertains; (c) the Exercise Price of the Option; (d) the date as of which the Committee granted 
the Option; (e) the requirements for the Option to become exercisable, such as continuous service, time-based 
schedule,  period  and  goals  for  performance  measures  to  be  satisfied,  additional  consideration,  etc.;    (f)  the 
expiration date of the Option; and (g) the Beneficiary of the Participant.   

5.2 

Vesting.  Unless a later date is provided in a Participant’s Award Agreement, each Option shall 
first become exercisable (i.e., vested) with respect to 100% of the shares subject to such Option as of the first 
anniversary  of  the  date  the  Option  is  granted  and,  prior  to  said  date,  the  Option  shall  be  unexercisable  in  its 
entirety.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, all Options granted to a Participant shall become immediately vested 
and exercisable for 100% of the number of shares subject to the Options upon the Participant's becoming Disabled 
or  upon  his  or  her  death  or  upon  a  Change  of  Control.    In  addition,  the  Committee  may  in  its  discretion  in 
connection with a Participant’s Separation from Service, accelerate vesting of the Option or permit continued 
vesting on the vesting schedule set forth in the Participant’s Award Agreement.  Other than as provided in the 
preceding sentences, if a Participant Separates from Service, his or her rights with regard to all non-vested Options 
shall cease immediately.   

5.3 

Exercise Price.  The Exercise Price of the shares of Common Stock underlying each Option shall 

be the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date the Option is granted.   

5.4 

Term of Options.  The terms of Options granted under the Plan shall commence on the date of 

grant and shall expire ten (10) years after the date the Option is granted. 

5.5 

Terms of Exercise.  The exercise of an Option may be for less than the full number of shares of 
Common Stock subject to such Option, but such exercise shall not be made for less than (a) 100 shares or (b) the 
total remaining shares subject to the Option, if such total is less than 100 shares.  Subject to the other restrictions 
on exercise set forth herein, the unexercised portion of an Option may be exercised at a later date. 

5.6  Method of Exercise.  All Options granted hereunder shall be exercised by written (or electronic) 
notice on a form prescribed by the Committee and directed to the Secretary of the Company at its principal place 
of business or to such other Person as the Committee may direct.  Each notice of exercise shall identify the Option 
that the Participant is exercising (in whole or in part) and shall be accompanied by payment of the Exercise Price 
for the number of shares specified in such notice and by any documents required by Section 8.1.  The Company 
shall make delivery of such shares (electronically or in paper form) within a reasonable period of time; provided 
that, if any law or regulation requires the Company to take any action (including, but not limited to, the filing of 
a registration statement under the Securities Act and causing such registration statement to become effective) with 
respect to the shares specified in such notice before the issuance thereof, then the date of delivery of such shares 
shall be extended for the period necessary to take such action. 

Financial Information  183 

 
  
 
 
 
5.7  Medium  and  Time  of  Payment.    The  Participant  must  pay  the  full  Exercise  Price  for  shares  of 
Common Stock purchased upon the exercise of any Option, and applicable withholding taxes (if any), at the time 
of such exercise by one of the following forms of payment:  

(a) in cash or cash equivalents acceptable to the Company;  

(b)  delivery  (on  a  form  acceptable  to  the  Committee)  of  an  irrevocable  direction  to  a  licenses 
securities broker acceptable to the Company to sell shares of Common Stock and to deliver all or part of 
the sales proceeds to the Company in payment of the Exercise Price;  

(c)  delivery  of  shares  of  Common  Stock  already  owned  by  the  Participant  (and  for  which  the 
Participant has good title free and clear of any liens and encumbrances) having a Fair Market Value on 
the date of surrender equal to the aggregate Exercise Price and taxes due;  

(d) with the Committee’s approval, having the Company withhold shares of Common Stock that 
otherwise  would  be  acquired  on  exercise  having  a  Fair  Market  Value  equal  to  the  aggregate  Exercise 
Price; or  

(e) any combination of the above forms or any other form of payment permitted by the Committee. 

5.8 

Effect of Termination of Service, Disability or Death.  Except as provided in subsections (a), (b) 
or (c) below or where the Committee approves an extension as described at the end of this Section, no Option 
shall be exercisable following a Participant’s Separation from Service. 

(a)  Termination  of  Service.  In the event a Participant Separates from Service for any reason 
other  than  death  or  Disability,  any  Option  or  unexercised  portion  thereof  granted  to  him  or  her  shall 
terminate on and shall not be exercisable after the earliest to occur of the following: (1) the expiration date 
of the Option; (2) three months after the date the Participant Separates from Service (except as provided 
in subsection (c)); or (3) the date on which the Company gives notice to such Participant of termination 
of his or her service as a Director if service is terminated by the Company’s shareholders for Cause (a 
Participant's resignation in anticipation of termination of service by the Company or by its shareholders 
for Cause shall constitute a notice of termination by the Company).  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the 
event  that  a  Participant  Separates  from  Service  for  a  reason  other  than  death  or  Disability,  Cause  or 
voluntary resignation at any time after a Change of Control, the term of all Options of that Participant 
shall be extended through the maximum term as described in Section 5.5 above. Prior to the earlier of the 
dates specified in the preceding sentences of this subsection (a), the Option shall be exercisable only in 
accordance with its terms and only for the number of shares exercisable on the date of such Separation 
from Service. 

(b)  Disability.  Upon the Participant's Separation from Service due to Disability, any Option or 
unexercised portion thereof granted to him or her which is otherwise exercisable shall terminate on and 
shall not be exercisable after the earlier to occur of the following: (1) the expiration date of such Option; 
or (2) one year after the date on which such Participant Separates from Service due to Disability (except 
as provided in subsection (c)).  Prior to the earlier of such dates, such Option shall be exercisable only in 
accordance  with  its  terms  and  only  for  the  number  of  shares  exercisable  on  the  date  such  Participant 
Separates from Service due to Disability. 

(c)  Death.  In the event of the death of the Participant (1) while he or she is a Director, (2) within 
three months after the date of the Participant’s Separation from Service (for a reason other than Cause) as 
provided in subsection (a) above, or (3) within one year after the date of the Participant’s Separation from 
Service due to his or her Disability, any Option or unexercised portion thereof granted to him or her which 
is  otherwise  exercisable  may  be  exercised  by  the  Participant's  Beneficiary  at  any  time  prior  to  the 

184  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
expiration of one year from the date of death of such Participant, but in no event later than the date of 
expiration of the Option.  Such exercise shall be effected pursuant to the terms of this Section as if such 
Beneficiary is the named Participant. 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may, in its discretion, in connection with a Participant’s 
Separation from Service, permit an Award to remain exercisable for the full exercise period set forth in 
the Award Agreement or the maximum term as described in Section 5.5 above, so long as such extension 
does not violate Code Section 409A or other applicable laws. 

5.9 

Restrictions on Transfer and Exercise of Options.  No Option shall be assignable or transferable 
by the Participant except by transfer to a Beneficiary upon the death of the Participant, and any purported transfer 
(other than as excepted above) shall be null and void.  After the death of a Participant and upon the death of the 
Participant's Beneficiary, an Option shall be transferable only by will or by the laws of descent and distribution.  
During the lifetime of a Participant, the Option shall be exercisable only by him; provided, however, that in the 
event the Participant is incapacitated and unable to exercise Options, such Options may be exercised by such 
Participant's legal guardian, legal representative, fiduciary or other representative whom the Committee deems 
appropriate based on applicable facts and circumstances. 

5.10  Rights as a Shareholder.  A Participant shall have no rights as a shareholder with respect to shares 
covered by his or her Option until date of the issuance of the shares to him or her and only after the Exercise Price 
of such shares is fully paid.  Unless specified in Article VII, no adjustment will be made for dividends or other 
rights for which the record date is prior to the date of such issuance. 

5.11  No Obligation to Exercise Option.  The granting of an Option shall impose no obligation upon the 

Participant to exercise such Option. 

ARTICLE VI   
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units 

6.1 

Award Agreement.  When the Committee awards Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units under 
the Plan, it shall prepare (or cause to be prepared) an Award Agreement, effective as of the date of grant, that 
shall specify the number of Shares subject to the Award, any vesting or other restrictions that apply to the Award, 
and  such  other  provisions  as  the  Committee  may  determine,  which  are  not  inconsistent  with  the  terms  and 
provisions of the Plan.   

6.2 

Vesting.    Unless  otherwise  provided  in  a  Participant’s  Award  Agreement,  each  Award  of 
Restricted  Stock  or  Restricted  Stock  Units  shall  become  vested  (i.e.,  all  restrictions  shall  lapse)  on  the  first 
anniversary of the date of grant; provided that if the Participant incurs a Separation from Service, his rights with 
regard to all non-vested Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units shall cease immediately.  Notwithstanding the 
foregoing, Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units subject to time-based vesting shall become 100% vested 
immediately upon the death or Disability of the Participant or upon a Change of Control of the Company.  In 
addition,  the  Committee  may  in  its  discretion  in  connection  with  a  Participant’s  Separation  from  Service, 
accelerate  vesting  of  Restricted  Stock  or  Restricted  Stock  Units  or  permit  continued  vesting  on  the  vesting 
schedule set forth in the Participant’s Award Agreement; provided, however, that any such extension must comply 
with Code Section 409A and the delay period (as defined in Section 10.13) for specified employees. 

6.3 

Delivery of Restricted Stock. 

(a) 

Issuance.  The Company shall issue the shares of Restricted Stock within a reasonable period 
of  time  after  approval  of  the  Award  Agreement;  provided  that  if  any  law  or  regulation  requires  the 
Company to take any action (including, but not limited to, the filing of a registration statement under the 
Securities Act and causing such registration statement to become effective) with respect to such shares 
Financial Information  185 

 
  
before  the  issuance  thereof,  then  the  date  of  delivery  of  the  shares  shall  be  extended  for  the  period 
necessary to take such action.  As long as any restrictions apply to the Restricted Stock, the shares of 
Restricted Stock shall be held by the Committee in uncertificated form in a restricted account. 

(b)  Legend.  Unless the certificate representing shares of the Restricted Stock is deposited with 
a custodian (as described in this Section), each certificate shall bear the following legend (in addition to 
any other legend required by law): 

“The transferability of this certificate and the shares represented hereby are subject 
to  the  restrictions,  terms  and  conditions  (including  forfeiture  and  restrictions 
against transfer) contained in the ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. 2020 Director Stock 
Plan  and  an  Award  Agreement  dated  __________,  ____,  between 
________________  and  ADTRAN  Holdings,  Inc.    The  Plan  and  the  Award 
Agreement  are  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  Corporate  Secretary  of  ADTRAN 
Holdings, Inc.” 

Such legend shall be removed or canceled from any certificate evidencing shares of Restricted Stock as 
of the date that such shares become nonforfeitable. 

(c)  Deposit with Custodian.  As an alternative to delivering a stock certificate to the Participant, 
the  Committee  may  deposit  or  transfer  such  shares  electronically  with  a  custodian  designated  by  the 
Committee.  The Committee shall cause the custodian to issue a receipt for the shares to the Participant 
for any Restricted Stock so deposited.  The custodian shall hold the shares and deliver the same to the 
Participant  in  whose  name  the  Restricted  Stock  evidenced  thereby  is  registered  only  after  such  shares 
become nonforfeitable. 

6.4 

Restrictions  on  Transfer.    No  Restricted  Stock  or  Restricted  Stock  Unit  shall  be  assignable  or 
transferable  by  the  Participant  except  by  transfer  to  a  Beneficiary  upon  the  death  of  the  Participant,  and  any 
purported transfer (other than as excepted above) shall be null and void.  After the death of a Participant and upon 
the death of the Participant's Beneficiary, the Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Unit (as applicable) shall be 
transferable only by will or by the laws of descent and distribution.   

6.5 

Settlement of RSUs.  Except as otherwise provided in the Award Agreement and in accordance 
with Code Section 409A, RSUs shall generally be settled in shares of Common Stock immediately following the 
date they vest; provided that the Committee may specify in the applicable Award Agreement that settlement shall 
be in cash or in a combination of Common Stock and cash. 

6.6 

Shareholder  Rights.    No  shareholder  rights  shall  inure  to  a  Participant  who  has  been  awarded 
Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units until the restrictions on the Restricted Stock lapse or actual shares of 
Common Stock are issued upon settlement of the Restricted Stock Units, as applicable.  

6.7 

Dividend Credits.  Unless otherwise provided in the Participant’s Award Agreement, (a) any cash 
dividends paid on Common Stock underlying the Participant’s Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units during 
the  period  of  restriction  shall  be  credited  to  a  bookkeeping  account  which  shall  be hypothetically  invested  in 
whole shares of Common Stock; and (b) upon the lapse of restrictions on the Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock 
Units, the Company will immediately pay the Participant the accumulated value of the bookkeeping account in 
the form of whole shares of Common Stock, plus any remaining cash.  

186  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
ARTICLE VII  
Adjustments  

7.1 

Recapitalization.  In the event that the outstanding shares of the Common Stock of the Company 
are hereafter increased or decreased or changed into or exchanged for a different number or kind of shares or 
other securities of the Company by reason of a recapitalization, reclassification, stock split, combination of shares 
or dividend payable in shares of the Common Stock, the following rules shall apply: 

(a)  The  Committee  shall  make  an  appropriate  adjustment  in  the  number  and  kind  of  shares 
available for the granting of Awards under the Plan and in the number and kind of shares granted as part 
of the annual grants. 

(b)  The Committee also shall make an appropriate adjustment in the number and kind of shares 
underlying outstanding Awards, or portions thereof, that remain unexercised or subject to restriction; any 
such adjustment in any outstanding Options shall be made without change in the total price applicable to 
the unexercised portion of such Option and with a corresponding adjustment in the Exercise Price per 
share.    No  fractional  shares  shall  be  issued  or  optioned  in  making  the  foregoing  adjustments,  and  the 
number of shares available under the Plan or the number of shares subject to any outstanding Awards shall 
be the next lower number of shares, rounding all fractions downward. 

(c) 

If any rights or warrants to subscribe for additional shares are given pro rata to holders of 
outstanding shares of the class or classes of stock then set aside for the Plan, each Participant shall be 
entitled to the same rights or warrants on the same basis as holders of the outstanding shares with respect 
to such portion of his Award for which shares have not yet been issued in his or her name on or prior to 
the record date or which portion is otherwise not included in the determination of shareholders entitled to 
receive or exercise such rights or warrants. 

7.2 

Reorganization.  Subject  to  any  required  action  by  the  shareholders,  if  the  Company  shall  be  a 
party to any reorganization involving merger, consolidation, acquisition of the stock or acquisition of the assets 
of  the  Company  which  does  not  constitute  a  Change  of  Control,  and  if  the  agreement  memorializing  such 
reorganization  so  provides,  any  outstanding  Award  granted  under  the  Plan  shall  pertain  to  and  apply,  with 
appropriate adjustment as determined by the Committee, to the securities of the resulting corporation to which a 
holder of the number of shares of the Common Stock subject to such Award would have been entitled.  If such 
agreement does not so provide: (a) any or all Options granted hereunder shall become immediately nonforfeitable 
and  fully  exercisable  or  vested  (to  the  extent  permitted  under  federal  or  state  securities  laws)  and  are  to  be 
terminated after giving at least 30 days' notice to the Participants to whom such Options have been granted and 
(b) any or all unvested Awards of Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units hereunder shall become immediately 
fully vested, nonforfeitable and/or payable. 

7.3 

Dissolution  and  Liquidation.    If  the  Board  adopts  a  plan  of  dissolution  and  liquidation  that  is 
approved by the shareholders of the Company, the Committee shall give each Participant written notice of such 
event at least ten (10) days prior to its effective date, and the rights of all Participants shall become immediately 
nonforfeitable and fully exercisable or vested (to the extent permitted under federal or state securities laws). 

7.4 

Limits  on  Adjustments.    Any  issuance  by  the  Company  of  stock  of  any  class,  or  securities 
convertible into shares of stock of any class, shall not affect, and no adjustment by reason thereof shall be made 
with respect to, the number or price of shares of the Common Stock subject to any Award, except as specifically 
provided otherwise in this Article.  The grant of Awards pursuant to the Plan shall not affect in any way the right 
or  power  of  the  Company  to  make  adjustments,  reclassifications,  reorganizations  or  changes  of  its  capital  or 
business structure or to merge, consolidate or dissolve, or to liquidate, sell or transfer all or any part of its business 
or assets.  All adjustments the Committee makes under this Article shall be conclusive. 

Financial Information  187 

 
  
7.5 

No  Cashouts  or  Repricings.    Except  in  connection  with  a  corporate  transaction  involving  the 
Company  (including,  without  limitation,  any  stock  dividend,  stock  split,  extraordinary  cash  dividend, 
recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, or exchange of shares), 
the terms of outstanding Awards may not be amended to reduce the Exercise Price of outstanding Options or 
cancel outstanding Options in exchange for cash, other Awards or Options with an Exercise Price that is less than 
the Exercise Price of the original Options without stockholder approval.  

Agreement by Participant and Securities Registration 

ARTICLE VIII 

8.1 

Agreement.  If, in the opinion of counsel to the Company, such action is necessary or desirable, 
no Award shall be granted to any Participant and no Option shall be exercisable by a Participant unless, at the 
time of grant or exercise, as applicable, such Participant (a) represents and warrants that he or she will acquire 
the Common Stock for investment only and not for purposes of resale or distribution, and (b) makes such further 
representations and warranties as are deemed necessary or desirable by counsel to the Company with regard to 
holding and resale of the Common Stock.  The Participant shall, upon the request of the Committee, execute and 
deliver to the Company an agreement or affidavit to such effect.  Should the Committee have reasonable cause to 
believe that such Participant did not execute such agreement or affidavit in good faith, the Company shall not be 
bound by the grant of the Award or by the exercise of an Option.  All certificates representing shares of Common 
Stock issued pursuant to the Plan shall be marked with the following restrictive legend or similar legend, if such 
marking, in the opinion of counsel to the Company, is necessary or desirable: 

The shares represented by this certificate have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, 
as amended, or the securities laws of any state and are held by an "affiliate" (as such term is defined 
in Rule 144 promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 
1933, as amended) of the Company.  Accordingly, these shares may not be sold, hypothecated, 
pledged or otherwise transferred except (i) pursuant to an effective registration statement under 
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any applicable securities laws or regulations of any 
state with respect to such shares, (ii) in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission 
Rule  144,  or  (iii)  upon  the  issuance  to  the  Company  of  a  favorable  opinion  of  counsel  or  the 
submission to the Company of such other evidence as may be satisfactory to the Company that 
such  proposed  sale,  assignment,  encumbrance  or  other  transfer  will  not  be  in  violation  of  the 
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any applicable securities laws of any state or any rules or 
regulations thereunder.  Any attempted transfer of this certificate or the shares represented hereby 
which is in violation of the preceding restrictions will not be recognized by the Company, nor will 
any transferee be recognized as the owner thereof by the Company. 

If the Common Stock is (A) held by a Participant who ceases to be an "affiliate," as that term is defined 
in Rule 144 of the Securities Act, or (B) registered under the Securities Act and all applicable state securities laws 
and regulations as provided in Section 8.2, the Committee, in its discretion and with the advice of counsel, may 
dispense with or authorize the removal of the restrictive legend set forth above or the portion thereof which is 
inapplicable. 

8.2 

Registration.    In  the  event  that  the  Company  in  its  sole  discretion  shall  deem  it  necessary  or 
advisable to register, under the Securities Act or any state securities laws or regulations, any shares with respect 
to which Awards have been granted hereunder, then the Company shall take such action at its own expense before 
delivery of the certificates representing such shares to a Participant.  In such event, and if the shares of Common 
Stock of the Company shall be listed on any national securities exchange (as such term is defined by the Exchange 
Act) or on the NASDAQ National Market System at the time of the removal of restrictions from an Award or 
exercise of any Option, the Company shall make prompt application at its own expense for the listing on such 
stock exchange or the NASDAQ National Market System of the shares of Common Stock to be issued. 

188  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
ARTICLE IX   
Amendment and Termination 

9.1 

Amendment and Termination By the Board.  Subject to Code Section 409A and Section 9.2 below, 
the Board shall have the power at any time to add to, amend, modify or repeal any of the provisions of the Plan, 
to suspend the operation of the entire Plan or any of its provisions for any period or periods or to terminate the 
Plan in whole or in part.  In the event of any such action, to the extent it determines necessary to administer the 
Plan,  the  Committee  shall  prepare  written  procedures  which,  when  approved  by  the  Board,  shall  govern  the 
administration  of  the  Plan  resulting  from  such  addition,  amendment,  modification,  repeal,  suspension  or 
termination.  No Award Agreement may be amended to reprice or constructively reprice any Award. 

9.2 

Restrictions  on  Amendment  and  Termination.    Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  Section  9.1 

above, the following restrictions shall apply to the Board's authority under Section 9.1 above: 

(a)  Prohibition  Against  Adverse  Effects  on  Outstanding  Awards.    No  addition,  amendment, 
modification,  repeal,  suspension  or  termination  shall  adversely  affect,  in  any  way,  the  rights  of  a 
Participant who has an outstanding Award without the consent of such Participant.  The Committee shall 
not amend any Award Agreement that it previously has authorized under the Plan that adversely affects 
the  Participant’s  rights  or  benefits  under  an  Award  without  the  written  (or  electronic)  consent  of  the 
Participant holding such Award. 

(b)  Shareholder Approval Required for Certain Modifications.  No modification or amendment 
of the Plan may be made without the prior approval of the shareholders of the Company if such approval 
is necessary with respect to tax, securities or other applicable laws or the applicable rules or regulations 
of any stock exchange or the NASDAQ National Market System. 

ARTICLE X 

Miscellaneous Provisions 

10.1  Beneficiary.  Upon  a  Participant’s  death,  the  Participant’s  Beneficiary  shall  be  determined  as 

follows: 

(a)  Designation  of  Beneficiary.    A  Participant's  Beneficiary  shall  be  the  Person  who  is  last 
designated in writing by the Participant as such Participant's Beneficiary hereunder.  A Participant shall 
designate his or her original Beneficiary in writing (on paper or electronically) on the form provided by 
the  Committee.    Any  subsequent  modification  of  the  Participant's  Beneficiary  shall  be  on  the  form 
provided by the Committee.  A designation of Beneficiary shall be effective when the properly completed 
form is received and accepted by the Committee (or its designee), as determined in the Committee's (or 
its delegate’s) sole discretion. 

(b)  No Designated Beneficiary.  If no Beneficiary has been validly designated by a Participant, 
or  the  Beneficiary  designated  by  the  Participant  is  no  longer  living  or  in  existence  at  the  time  of  the 
Participant's death, then the Participant's Beneficiary shall be deemed to be the Participant's legal spouse 
under applicable state law, or if none, the Participant's estate. 

(c)  Designation  of  Multiple  Beneficiaries.    A  Participant  may,  consistent  with  subsection  (a) 
above, designate more than one Person as a Beneficiary if, for each such Beneficiary, the Participant also 
designates  a  percentage  of  the  Participant's  Award  to  be  transferred  to  such  Beneficiary  upon  the 
Participant's death.  Unless otherwise specified by the Participant, any designation by the Participant of 
multiple Beneficiaries shall be interpreted as a designation by the Participant that each such Beneficiary 
(to  the  extent  such  Beneficiary  is  alive  or  in  existence  as  of  the  Participant's  date  of  death)  should  be 
entitled to an equal percentage of the Participant's Award.  Each Beneficiary shall have complete and non-
Financial Information  189 

 
  
 
joint rights with respect to the portion of a Participant's Award to be transferred to such Beneficiary upon 
the Participant's death. 

(d)  Contingent Beneficiaries.  A Participant may designate one or more contingent Beneficiaries 
to  receive  all  or  a  portion  of  the  Participant's  Award  in  the  event  that  all  of  the  Participant's  original 
Beneficiaries  should  predecease  the  Participant.    In  the  event  that  one  or  more  original  Beneficiaries 
predeceases the Participant, then the remaining original Beneficiaries specified above shall be entitled to 
the share of such deceased Beneficiary in direct proportion to their designated shares. 

10.2  Application of Funds.  The proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the Common Stock 

subject to the Options granted hereunder will be used for general corporate purposes. 

10.3  Notices.  In order for a Participant or other individual to give notice or other communication to the 
Committee, the notice or other communication shall be in the form specified by the Committee and delivered to 
the location designated by the Committee in its sole discretion. 

10.4  Compliance with Rule 16b-3.  This Plan is intended to be in compliance with the requirements of 

Rule 16b-3 as promulgated under Section 16 of the Exchange Act. 

10.5  Governing Law.  The Plan shall be governed by and shall be construed in accordance with the 
laws of the State of Alabama, without regard to any choice of law principles thereof or of any other jurisdiction. 

10.6  Additional  Provisions  By  Committee.    The  Award  Agreements  authorized  under  the  Plan  may 

contain such other provisions as the Committee shall deem advisable. 

10.7  Plan  Document  Controls.    In  the  event  of  any  conflict  between  the  provisions  of  an  Award 

Agreement and the Plan, the Plan shall control. 

10.8  Gender  and  Number.    Wherever  applicable,  the  masculine  pronoun  shall  include  the  feminine 

pronoun, and the singular shall include the plural. 

10.9  Headings.  The titles in this Plan are inserted for convenience of reference; they constitute no part 

of the Plan and are not to be considered in the construction hereof. 

10.10  Legal References.  Any reference in this Plan to a provision of law which is later revised, modified, 
finalized or redesignated, shall automatically be considered a reference to such revised, modified, finalized or 
redesignated provision of law. 

10.11  No Rights to Perform Services.  Nothing contained in the Plan, or any modification thereof, shall 

be construed to give any individual any rights to perform services for the Company or any of its Affiliates. 

10.12  Unfunded  Arrangement.    The  Plan  shall  not  be  funded,  and  except  for  reserving  a  sufficient 
number of authorized shares to the extent required by law to meet the requirements of the Plan, the Company 
shall not be required to establish any special or separate fund or to make any other segregation of assets to assure 
the payment of any grant under the Plan. 

10.13  Clawback/Recovery.  Subject to Section 409A, all Awards granted under the Plan will be subject 
to clawback, recovery, or recoupment, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, including but not 
limited to a reacquisition right with respect to previously granted Restricted Stock or other cash or property, (a) 
as provided in the Company’s forfeiture policy implemented by the Company from time to time and applicable 
to all officers and Directors of the Company on the same terms and conditions, including without limitation, any 
such policy adopted to comply with the requirements of applicable law or the rules and regulations of any stock 

190  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
exchange applicable to the Company, (b) as is required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer 
Protection Act, or other applicable law, (c) as provided in the applicable Award Agreement, and/or (d) to the 
extent  that  the  Committee  determines  that  the  Participant  has  been  involved  in  the  altering,  inflating,  and/or 
inappropriate manipulation of performance/financial results or any other infraction of recognized ethical business 
standards,  or  that  the  Participant  has  willfully  engaged  in  any  activity  injurious  to  the  Company,  or  the 
Participant’s Separation from Service with the Company or its Affiliates is for Cause.  Compliance with Section 
409A  of  the  Code.    Unless  otherwise  expressly  provided  for  in  an  Award  Agreement,  the  Plan  and  Award 
Agreements will be interpreted to the greatest extent possible in a manner that makes the Plan and the Awards 
granted  hereunder  exempt  from  Section  409A  of  the  Code,  and,  to  the  extent  not  so  exempt,  compliant  with 
Section 409A of the Code.  If the Committee determines that any Award granted hereunder is not exempt from 
and  is  therefore  subject  to  Section  409A  of  the  Code,  the  Award  Agreement  evidencing  such  Award  will 
incorporate the terms and conditions necessary to avoid the consequences specified in Section 409A(a)(1) of the 
Code, and to the extent an Award Agreement is silent on terms necessary for compliance, such terms are hereby 
incorporated by reference into the Award Agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Plan (and 
unless the Award Agreement specifically provides otherwise), if a Participant holding an Award that constitutes 
“deferred compensation” under Section 409A of the Code is a “specified employee” for purposes of Section 409A 
of the Code, no distribution or payment of any amount that is due because of a “separation from service” (as 
defined in Section 409A of the Code without regard to alternative definitions thereunder) will be issued or paid 
before the date that is six (6) months following the date of such Participant’s “separation from service” (as defined 
in Section 409A of the Code without regard to alternative definitions thereunder) or, if earlier, the date of the 
Participant’s death, unless such distribution or payment can be made in a manner that complies with Section 409A 
of the Code, and any amounts so deferred will be paid in a lump sum on the day after such six (6) month period 
elapses, with the balance paid thereafter on the original schedule. 

***** 

ADOPTED BY BOARD OF DIRECTORS ON MARCH 6, 2020,  
EFFECTIVE AS OF MAY 13, 2020, 
AMENDED AND RESTATED EFFECTIVE JANUARY 24, 2023 

Financial Information  191 

 
  
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 21 

SUBSIDIARIES OF ADTRAN HOLDINGS, INC.  

December 31, 2022 

Name of Subsidiary 

  Country or State of Incorporation 

ADTRAN Networks Pty. Ltd 
ADTRAN Networks Comunicações Ltda. 
ADTRAN Canada, Inc. 
ADTRAN d.o.o. 
ADTRAN International, Inc. 
ADTRAN Networks Worldwide, Inc. 
ADTRAN Networks, LLC 
Bluesocket, Inc. 
ADTRAN Oy 
ADTRAN GmbH 
ADTRAN Networks M.E.P.E. 
ADTRAN Networks India Private Limited 
ADTRAN Holdings Ltd. 
ADTRAN S.R.L. 
ADTRAN K.K. 
ADTRAN Networks Sdn Bhd 
ADTRAN Networks S.A. de C.V. 
ADTRAN Networks & Services, S. de R.L. de C.V. 
ADTRAN Peru S.R.L. 
ADTRAN Sp. z.o.o. 
ADTRAN, Unipessoal Lda. 
ADTRAN International, Inc. - Saudi Arabia branch 
ADTRAN s.r.o. 
ADTRAN Proprietary Ltd. 
ADTRAN Switzerland GmbH 
ADTRAN GmbH (Tunisia Permanent Establishment Branch Office) 
ADTRAN SARL 
ADTRAN Europe Limited 
ADTRAN Networks and Services Egypt, LLC 
ADTRAN Networks New Zealand Ltd. 
ADVA Optical Networking, SE 
ADVA Optical Networking North America, Inc. 
ADVA Optical Networking Ltd. 
Oscilloquartz SA 
ADVA Optical Networking sp. z o.o. 
ADVA Optical Networking Israel Ltd. 
ADVA Optical Networking (Shenzhen) Ltd. 
Oscilloquartz Finland Oy 
ADVA IT Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 
ADVA Optical Networking Trading (Shenzhen) Ltd. 
ADVA Optical Networking Singapore Pte. Ltd. 
ADVA Optical Networking Hong Kong Ltd. 
ADVA Optical Networking (India) Private Ltd. 
ADVA Optical Networking Serviços Brazil Ltda. 
ADVA Optical Networking Corp. 
ADVA Optical Networking AB 
ADVA NA Holdings Inc. 
ADVA Optical Networking Pty Ltd. 
ADVA Optical Networking B.V. 
ADVA Canada Inc. 
Adva Network Security GmbH 

192  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

  Australia 
  Brazil 
  Canada 
  Croatia 
  State of Delaware 
  State of Delaware 
  State of Delaware 
  State of Delaware 
  Finland 
  Germany 
  Greece 
  India 
  Israel 
  Italy 
  Japan 
  Malaysia 
  Mexico 
  Mexico 
  Peru 
  Poland 
  Portugal 
  Saudi Arabia 
  Slovakia 
  South Africa 
  Switzerland 
  Tunisia 
  Tunisia 
  United Kingdom 
  Egypt 
  New Zealand 
  Germany 
  State of Georgia 
  United Kingdom 
  Switzerland 
  Poland 
  Israel 
  China 
  Finland 
  India 
  China 
  Singapore 
  China 
  India 
  Brazil 
  Japan 
  Sweden 
  State of Georgia 
  Australia 
  Netherlands 
  Canada 
  Germany 

 
  
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
Exhibit 23 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 268998) and Form S-8 (Nos. 333-
266089 and 333-266091) of ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. of our report dated March 1, 2023 relating to the financial statements, financial 
statement schedule and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Annual Report on Form 10-
K.   

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Birmingham, Alabama 
March 1, 2023 

Financial Information  193 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 24 

POWER OF ATTORNEY 

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned, being a director of ADTRAN Holdings, Inc., a Delaware 
corporation (the “Company”), by his or her execution hereof or an identical counterpart hereof, hereby constitutes and appoints Thomas 
R. Stanton and Michael Foliano, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution 
and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Annual Report on Form 
10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and any and all amendments thereto, and any other documents in 
connection therewith as they or any one of them may deem necessary or desirable, each in such form as they or any one of them may 
approve, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange 
Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and 
every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, 
hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may 
lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the undersigned has hereunto set his or her hand this 1st day of March, 2023. 

/s/ Johanna Hey 
Johanna Hey 
Director 

/s/ H. Fenwick Huss 
H. Fenwick Huss 
Director 

/s/ Gregory McCray 
Gregory McCray 
Director 

/s/ Balan Nair 
Balan Nair 
Director 

/s/ Brian Protiva 
Brian Protiva 
Director 

/s/Jacqueline H. Rice  
Jacqueline H. Rice 
Director 

/s/ Nikos Theodosopoulos 
Nikos Theodosopoulos 
Director 

/s/Kathryn A. Walker  
Kathryn A. Walker 
Director 

194  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Exhibit 31 

I, Thomas R. Stanton, certify that: 

CERTIFICATIONS 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.;  

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact 
necessary  to  make  the  statements  made,  in  light  of  the  circumstances  under  which  such  statements  were  made,  not 
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in 
all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods 
presented in this report; 

The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

(a)  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed 
under  our  supervision,  to  ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its  consolidated 
subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is 
being prepared; 

(b)  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be 
designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and 
the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting 
principles; 

(c)  Evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  registrant’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  presented  in  this  report  our 
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by 
this report based on such evaluation; and 

(d)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during 
the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has 
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; 
and 

5. 

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over 
financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons 
performing the equivalent functions): 

(a)  All  significant  deficiencies  and  material  weaknesses  in  the  design  or  operation  of  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and 
report financial information; and 

(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the 

registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

Date: March 1, 2023 

/s/ Thomas R. Stanton 
Thomas R. Stanton 
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board 

Financial Information  195 

 
  
  
I, Michael Foliano, certify that: 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.; 

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact 
necessary  to  make  the  statements  made,  in  light  of  the  circumstances  under  which  such  statements  were  made,  not 
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in 
all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods 
presented in this report; 

The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

(a)  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed 
under  our  supervision,  to  ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its  consolidated 
subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is 
being prepared; 

(b)  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be 
designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and 
the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting 
principles; 

(c)  Evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  registrant’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  presented  in  this  report  our 
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by 
this report based on such evaluation; and 

(d)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during 
the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has 
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; 
and 

5. 

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over 
financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons 
performing the equivalent functions): 

(a)  All  significant  deficiencies  and  material  weaknesses  in  the  design  or  operation  of  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and 
report financial information; and 

(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the 

registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

Date: March 1, 2023 

/s/ Michael Foliano  
Michael Foliano 
Senior Vice President of Finance and 
Chief Financial Officer 
(Principal Accounting Officer) 

196  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 32 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

In  connection  with  the  Annual  Report  of  ADTRAN  Holdings,  Inc.  (the  “Company”)  on  Form  10-K  for  the  period  ended 
December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Thomas R. Stanton, 
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge: 

(1)  The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 

(2)  The  information  contained  in  the  Report  fairly  presents,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial  condition  and  results  of 

operations of the Company for the periods described herein. 

/s/ Thomas R. Stanton 
Thomas R. Stanton 
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board 
Date: March 1, 2023 

Financial Information  197 

 
  
  
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

In  connection  with  the  Annual  Report  of  ADTRAN  Holdings,  Inc.  (the  “Company”)  on  Form  10-K  for  the  period  ended 
December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael Foliano, Senior 
Vice  President  of  Finance  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  certify,  pursuant  to  18  U.S.C.  §  1350,  as  adopted  pursuant  to  §  906  of  the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge: 

(1)  The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 

(2)  The  information  contained  in  the  Report  fairly  presents,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial  condition  and  results  of 

operations of the Company for the periods described herein. 

/s/ Michael Foliano 
Michael Foliano 
Senior Vice President of Finance and 
Chief Financial Officer 
(Principal Accounting Officer) 
Date: March 1, 2023 

198  Adtran 2022 Annual Report 

 
  
 
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Corporate
Headquarters

Adtran Holdings, Inc.
901 Explorer Boulevard
Huntsville, AL 35806
USA

P.O. Box 140000
Huntsville, AL 35814-4000

1 800 9ADTRAN

1 256 963-8000

1 256 963-8004 fax

investor.relations@adtran.com
www.adtran.com

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