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Afarak Group

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FY2021 Annual Report · Afarak Group
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AFARAK GROUP PLC 

The Board of Directors Report 2021 and 
the Annual Financial Statements  
1 January-31 December 2021 

Domicile: Helsinki 
Company number: 0618181-8 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contents 

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REPORT .................................................................................. 3 
SAFETY, HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ................................................................. 3 
THE FERROCHROME AND CHROME ORE MARKET ..................................................................... 5 
GROUP OPERATIONAL REVIEW ................................................................................................. 6 
GROUP FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ........................................................................................... 7 
SEGMENTS REVIEW .................................................................................................................. 8 
SPECIALITY ALLOYS SEGMENT ....................................................................................................... 8 
FERROALLOYS SEGMENT ............................................................................................................... 9 
RISK MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................................. 10 
SHARE INFORMATION ............................................................................................................ 10 
KEY FIGURES .......................................................................................................................... 15 
SHARE-RELATED KEY INDICATORS .......................................................................................... 16 
EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD.................................................................................. 18 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS .................................................................................. 19 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, IFRS ............................................................... 20 
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT .................................................................................... 20 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME .................................................... 21 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION ............................................................ 22 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS ........................................................................ 24 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY ............................................................. 25 

1. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ............................................ 26 
1.1 COMPANY INFORMATION ................................................................................................ 26 
1.2 ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES ................................................................................................. 26 
1.3 GOING CONCERN .............................................................................................................. 38 
1.4 BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND ACQUISTION OF NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS .............. 39 
1.5 IMPAIRMENT TESTING ...................................................................................................... 39 
1.6 OPERATING SEGMENTS .................................................................................................... 42 
1.7 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT ........................................................ 46 
1.8 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION ................................ 51 
1.9 RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES .......................................................................................... 71 
1.10 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES ............................................................... 73 
EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD...................................................................... 73 
1.11 

PARENT COMPANY’S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (FAS) ...................................................... 74 
INCOME STATEMENT (FAS)..................................................................................................... 74 
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (FAS) ............................................................................ 75 
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (FAS) ......................................................................................... 77 

2. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE PARENT COMPANY (FAS) .................. 78 
2.1 Accounting Policies ........................................................................................................... 78 
2.2 Notes to the income statement ........................................................................................ 79 
2.3 Notes to assets ................................................................................................................. 81 
2.4 Notes to equity and liabilities ........................................................................................... 83 
2.5 Pledges and contingent liabilities ...................................................................................... 85 
2.6 Other notes ...................................................................................................................... 85 

SIGNATURES TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REPORT AND THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS . 88 

THE AUDITOR’S NOTE ..................................................................................................... 89 

2 

 
 
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REPORT 

2021 in review 

2021 was a rather successful turnaround year for Afarak in spite of the pandemic. We managed to produce 
positive results and to reduce our debt. Our Specialty Alloys segment performed well, when compared to 
previous years. We have sold the Ilitha mine while temporarily halting mining operations in all other South 
African mines. 

Outlook 

In the first 2 months of the year 2022, we saw further improving market prices and demand in the specialty 
segment, as well as rising raw material and energy prices. Thereafter, the Russian invasion in Ukraine has 
completely shaken up the commodities and energy markets altogether. While the market prices are picking up 
almost daily, the raw material, consumables, and energy cost follow. Some essential raw materials become 
scarce and more difficult to secure. Our customers in the stainless-steel industry are mostly suffering from these 
disruptions (especially the uncontrollable Nickel quotations). These special circumstances will most certainly 
lead to exceptionally positive returns for the company, in the short term. It is impossible to predict for how long 
this would continue. A swift return to more normal market conditions may thereafter lead to negative 
consequences in a longer term. Normally, we as management, have a visibility of one quarter. In this case, we 
have to  monitor the evolution very closely on a daily basis, in the optic to secure supplies and act in a 
responsible way during this crisis. 

We are also planning on resuming some mining activities in South Africa shortly. 

Our top priority remains the protection of our colleagues’ health and the preservation of our assets. We have 
made serious progress on that side during 2021. Going forward, we will particularly focus on further reducing 
our CO2 footprint. 

Growth strategy 

We have been in full production in Germany since beginning of 2021 and, except for major geopolitical 
disruptions, we expect very full order books until the summer break at least. Our Magnesia project in Serbia is 
another asset with very big potential. We expect to start the ramping up of the production facilities during 2022. 

Thank You 

After several years of serious difficulties, we finally managed to stabilize the company. I cannot thank all 
colleagues across the organization enough for the tremendous job that each one has achieved. I also wish to 
extend my deepest thanks to our board members, who helped us with valuable advice and infallible support 
through these harsh times. 

Guy Konsbruck 
CEO 

SAFETY, HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 

Sustainability 

Afarak understands that sustainability is critical to any business and industry. We want to proceed in the right 
way at all levels of our business. Our sustainability initiatives are built around four main pillars that are 
integrated in our decision-making.  

Our employee’s safety is our top priority. It comes before anything else and we do not make any shortcuts.  In 
this regard, we are constantly focusing on improving the health and well-being of our co-workers and care for 
the communities around our operation facilities. As a primary sector company, we feel committed to gradually 
minimising our ecological footprint.  

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The communities that host our operations are important stakeholders and we are proud of the reputation that we 
have built in the years of our co-operation. 

During 2021, the world continued to encounter very difficult times due to the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. 
Consequently Afarak has implemented measures to have the main part of the office based employees working 
from home. Thanks to all the precautions implemented in all Afarak Group units very limited amount of cases 
has been reported which did not materially impact the production. 

Our commitment 

Afarak vows to deliver its contribution to environmental and social sustainability through its production 
processes. We believe that our efforts will support several United Nations’ resolutions on sustainability, such as 
decreasing poverty and hunger, but also increasing gender equality, education and access to clean water. 

Our most significant impact on local host communities lies in providing direct and indirect employment. We 
support local communities in their needs related to education and infrastructure whilst supporting social causes. 

Safety 

Afarak  strives  to  achieve  what  we  call  “Zero  Harm  Policy”  at  all  levels  of  our  operations  and  provides  its 
employees and contractors a safe and healthy work environment. 

Afarak  holds  regular  Board  committees  dedicated  to  health  and  safety  with  the  aim  of  integrating  the  Group 
operations to address the social, environmental, health and safety position of all stakeholders. The programme 
focusing on pro-active safety and environmental measurements continued in 2021 aiming to achieve “Zero Harm”.  

During 2021, the Group’s employees contributed approximately 1,444,455 working hours during which the 
company suffered 21 (30) accidents that caused loss of time. Lost Time Injury (LTI) is defined as any work-
related injury or illness which prevents a person from doing any work the day after the accident.  

We are proud that no fatalities happened on our sites. 

Going  forward,  management  remains  focused  on  further  improving  the  safety performance  at  Afarak  through 
various initiatives and investments. 

Health 

In 2021, Afarak continued to take several safety measures to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in 
order to protect people and minimise the effect on operations, while always keeping as top priority a safe and 
healthy working environment. 

Thanks to these decisive and well-timed actions, very limited number of cases has been reported which did not 
materially impact the production.  

In our factories we continuously assess, monitor and control the risks of our workers.   

To help achieve this goal, we conduct routine health checks on all sites. These checks include drug and alcohol 
testing. We are also reviewing the role of organising shifts in the mines to minimise any fatigue-related injuries. 

Afarak is and will remain committed to investing in the health of its workforce and local community. 

Environment 

We aim to demonstrate our environmental responsibility by minimising our environmental impact. Our 
environmental intervention rests on four main pillars. 

Water management 

We intend to minimise the waste our activity produces. Most of the waste our activity generates is tailings from 
mining. Tailings are usually a big concern for mining companies. However, through our beneficiation stages, 

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Afarak is able to recycle and yield more chrome content from mined goods, thus reducing the amount of tailings 
too. The culture to minimize and recycle tailings is a constant focus in our Group.  

Land rehabilitation 

We aim to manage our land responsibly throughout the lifecycle of our assets.  
To this end, we are working on projects to rehabilitate mines we currently work in. We recognise that our 
activities impact the grounds on which we work. By reestablishing land, managing its biodiversity and 
considering the needs of locals, we can reduce the level of our environmental impact.  

Air emissions  

Our activity carries an influence on air quality and CO2 emissions. Our dependence on electricity is also a 
source for CO2 emissions, which we would like to decrease by shifting toward alternative sources of energy. 

Communities & human rights 

We bring economic benefits to the countries we work in by employing people, buying goods and services, 
paying taxes and royalties, and investing in infrastructure and healthcare. We are firm believers that through our 
operations we deliver socio-economic benefits to our host communities. 

We are committed to building and maintaining constructive, long-lasting relationships with our stakeholders, 
including our host communities. Speaking openly and transparently with all our stakeholders is vital for our 
future and maintaining good relationships with the host community.  

We uphold values of mutual respect, social cohesion and human rights within our staff, communities, and 
contractors.  

Finally, we take pride in creating social value through: 

Employment 

By providing direct and indirect employment, we believe that we are making a tangible contribution to our host 
communities.  

Community initiatives 

We continue to support local communities with various assistance programs that are of a social and educational 
nature.  

Procurement 

In our procurement, we work closely with local enterprises to support the local economy. 

Looking ahead 

Afarak will remain committed to upholding and raising the value of sustainability in its operations.  Health and 
safety remain a key priority for the Board and a review of safety policies & procedures is a constant focus. With 
the goal of improving safety at all plants.  Environmental investments are important to Afarak and initiatives will 
continue  throughout  2022  to  further  minimise  the  impact  of  our  operations  on  nature.  Also,  community 
investments will be maintained.   

THE FERROCHROME AND CHROME ORE MARKET 

Afarak Group operates primarily in the chrome market. 

Globally, most of the chrome ore is used in metallurgical applications. However, chrome ore is also used, 
though to a much lesser extent, in refractories, as foundry sands and as a chemical grade as shown below. 
Afarak produces ferrochrome which is the main type of chrome used in metallurgical applications, in turn 
mainly driven by the demand for stainless steel.   

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Therefore, chrome ore and ferrochrome are very much correlated to the developments of the stainless-steel 
industry. 

2021 Market overview 

The production of  Low Carbon Ferrochrome in  2021 has been   slightly higher than the one in 2020, about 4%, 
reaching a total output of approximately 780kt . The year 2021  has seen COVID-19 continue to challenge the 
economies jointly with  factors like the increase of the raw materials, the energy ,  the setup of the  export tax 
from China and the introduction of one from Russia as well which  have also contributed to the overall increase 
of prices. 
The stainless steel production during the first nine months of 2021 have increased of about 17% Y-o-Y  with 
very sharp increases, between 16% and 25%, USA, Europe and Asia, totalling 42,980 tons. 

Market sentiment for 2022  

The price increase trend, triggered during 2021, will continue during 2022 mainly due to the geopolitical 
situation,  logistical constrains, lack of raw materials and materials , energy  and  inflation factors. 
One of the main factors driving the  price and the availability of energy which can create huge increase in 
production costs on a worldwide basis. 
Taking into consideration all these unstable variables we are of the believe that  these factors might continue to 
sustain a sharp price volatility also during 2022. 

The strong demand for Stainless Steel and, as a consequence  for ferro-chrome, is expected to continue 
during   2022 but it will depend a lot on the impacts of the present geopolitical situation and other factors like 
the monetary policies and interests rates applied by the Central banks, a possible export tax on South African ore 
,Stainless steel  industry consolidation, surging inflation , surge in energy prices are some of the main factors 
which will influence the prices and the availability of ferrochrome during 2022. 

GROUP OPERATIONAL REVIEW 

Operationally, 2021 presented higher sales and higher production for the Group which was mainly driven by the 
increase in demand. 

Sales 

The Group processing sales stood at 23,974 (2020: 34,256) tonnes. Sales of Speciality Alloys processed material 
increased by 37.9% due to higher demand. In the FerroAlloys segment, sale of processed material decreased 
significantly from a year earlier due to the demerge of Mogale business from Afarak Group. 

Group mining 

Group mining activity decreased by 44.3% to 102,970 (2020: 184,779) tonnes, when compared to a year earlier, 
with an increase in the Turkish mines which was offset by significantly lower mining activity in South African 
mines. 

Annual mining levels in the Speciality Alloys segment increased by 4.5% to 76,591 (2020: 73,306) tonnes. In 
the FerroAlloys segment, the mines in South Africa recorded lower mining activity during 2021 of 76.3% to 
26,379 (2020: 111,472) tonnes due to minimal mining activity at the South African mines. 

Group processing 

Group processing for 2021 decreased by 22.5% to 23,252 (2020: 29,997) tonnes.  

During 2021, processing levels in the Speciality Alloys segment increased by 41.7% to 23,252 (2020: 16,409) 
tonnes. The contraction in Group processing was due to the demerge of Mogale business from Afarak 
Group.  

Human resources 

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At the end of 2021, Afarak had 503 (621) employees. The average number of employees during the 2021 was 
567 (747).  

GROUP FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 

2021 performance 

Afarak started the year with difficult market conditions as market was still suffering from the negative effect of 
the COVID-19 pandemic. The development in market started turning around by the end of the second quarter 
which continued to end of year.  

The Group Revenue for the year was EUR 80.3 (2020: 59.8) million. Revenues in the Speciality Alloys segment 
increased by 46.2% and in the FerroAlloys revenue decreased significantly, mainly due to lower availability of 
saleable material. 

In the Speciality Alloys segment, the stronger market conditions supported revenue growth which increased by 
46.2%%, to EUR 77.8 (2020: 53.2) million. In the FerroAlloys segment, revenue continued to decrease in 2021 
to EUR 1.8 (2020: 6.1) million, when compared to prior year, mainly due to lower availability of saleable 
material. 

Operationally minimal production was carried out in South African mines during 2021, while the Speciality 
Alloys business registered an increase of 4.5% of mining activity and 41.7% increase in production of processed 
material when compared to prior year.  

The increased selling prices and the lower unabsorbed costs as a result of higher production during 2021 led to 
an increase in EBITDA for the year to EUR 6.8 (2020: -4.1) million despite higher raw material cost and higher 
cost of production. This was attributable to the positive performance of the Speciality Alloys segment as 
EBITDA improved significantly t EYR 9.2 (2020: 0.3) million, while the FerroAlloys segment EBITDA for the 
full year stood at EUR -0.9 (2020: -1.3) million. The full year EBITDA from unallocated items was EUR -2.3 
(2020: -3.1) million. 

Profitability was positively affected by a reversal gain on previously recognised impairment loss on Ilitha’s 
mining assets, amounting to EUR 2.9 (2020: 0.0) million. Financial income and expenditure during the year 
were EUR -3.9 (2020: -4.3) million. 

EUR million 
Revenue 
EBITDA 
EBIT 
Profit from continuing operations 
Profit from discontinued operations 
Profit for the period 
EBITDA margin 
EBIT margin 

Balance Sheet, Cash Flow and Financing 

H1 2021 
37.3 
-0.9 
0.9 
-.09 
0.0 
-0.9 
-2.4% 
2.4% 

H2 2021 
42.9 
6.8 
5.9 
1.5 
8.4 
9.9 
15.9% 
13.8% 

FY 2021 
80.3 
5.9 
6.8 
0.6 
8.4 
9.0 
7.4% 
8.5% 

FY 2020 
59.8 
-4.1 
-28.2 
-27.6 
6.1 
-21.6 
-6.8% 
-47.1% 

The Group’s total assets on 31 December 2021 stood at EUR 146.3 (2020: 142.6) (30 June 2021: 155.7) million 
and net assets totalled EUR 43.4 (2020: 29.8) (30 June 2021: 31.2) million. During the second half, the 
translation differences on conversion of foreign denominated subsidiaries was adjusted by EUR 2.2 million. The 
Group’s cash and cash equivalents, as at 31 December 2021, totalled EUR 6.3 (2020: 1.1) million (30 June 
2021: 2.9). Operating cash flow in the second half was positive, standing at EUR 13.1 (2020: -2.2) million.  

The equity ratio stood at 29.7% (2020: 25.3%) (30 June 2021: 20.0%). Afarak’s gearing at the end of the year 
decreased to 74.2% (2020: 121.0%) (30 June 2021: 161.3%), due to lower interest-bearing debt of EUR 38.5 
(2020: 49.3) (30 June 2021: 53.2) million.  

Investments, Acquisitions and Divestments 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditure for the full year of 2021 totalled EUR 0.9 (2020: 1.1) million. Capital Expenditure was 
mainly incurred to sustain Group operations. 

During the first half of 2021, Afarak acquired a further 20% of the shares in Chromex Mining Company (Pty) 
Ltd, in exchange for total consideration of 7,088,608 shares in Afarak Group Plc. Afarak now holds 94% 
interest in the company.  

During May 2021, the Group concluded the sale of its Ilitha’s plant, assets and mining right. On the Group’s 
income statement an adjustment was made to the impairment recognised in 2020 and a reversal gain was 
recognised on the value of these assets. The assets related to Ilitha have been presented on the Group’s statement 
of financial position as other receivables. 

SEGMENTS REVIEW 

SPECIALITY ALLOYS SEGMENT 

2021 in Review 

The Speciality Alloys Segment registered a very strong performance in 2021 compared to 2020, primarily 
reflecting to strong market conditions. The increase in Low Carbon ferrochrome prices and sales volumes 
resulted in higher revenue and higher Ferrochrome production to address higher demand.  

Revenue 
€77.8mln 
(2020: €53.2mln) 
Mining production 
76,592mt 
(2020: 73,306mt) 

Production 

EBITDA 
€9.2mln 
(2020: €0.3mln) 
Processing production 
23,252mt 
(2020: 16,409mt) 
Personnel 
471 
(2020: 516) 

EBIT 
€7.8mln 
(2020: €-1.3mln) 
Sales of processed material 
23,443mt 
(2020: 16,999mt) 

Total production levels during 2021 increased by 11.2% to 99,844 (2020: 89,715) tonnes.  

The mining activity at both Turkish mines for the full year of 2021 increased by 4.5% during the year when 
compared to prior year. 

The production of processed material increased by 41.7% following various to keep up with the increase in 
demand for Low Carbon FerroChrome.  

Sales 

Sales volumes during 2021 were 37.9% higher than prior year. This was driven by the improved market 
conditions. 

Financial performance 

The Speciality Alloys segment registered a very strong performance during the year. Revenue for the full year 
increased by 46.2% to EUR 77.8 (2020: 53.2) million. The increase in revenue was due to higher sales prices 
and trading volumes of speciality material when compared to 2020. Production was higher than prior year, 
resulting in lower unabsorbed fixed overheads. Profit margins continued to improve despite higher cost of 
production with higher energy and raw material prices. EBITDA increased significantly to EUR 9.2 (2020: 0.3) 
million.  

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EUR million 
Revenue 
EBITDA 
EBIT 
EBITDA margin 
EBIT margin 

Looking ahead 

H1/21 
35.7 
1.1 
0.4 
3.0% 
1.2% 

H2/21 
42.2 
8.1 
7.4 
19.2% 
17.6% 

FY21 
77.8 
9.2 
7.8 
11.8% 
10.1% 

FY20 
53.2 
0.3 
-1.3 
0.6% 
-2.5% 

The price increase trend, triggered during 2021, will continue during 2022. A sharp rise already happened 
mainly due to the war in Ukraine and the related scarcity of raw materials and consumables, as well as the rise 
in energy cost. 

Other factors, like logistical constrains due to Covid shut-downs in China and increase the pressure on prices. 
It must however be clear to everyone that it is impossible to predict for how long this trend will continue. 

All these factors are also leading to a huge increase in our production cost. Availability and cost of raw material 
may create issues on a longer term basis. 

Taking into consideration all these unstable variables we believe that  these factors might continue to sustain a 
sharp price volatility throughout 2022. 

FERROALLOYS SEGMENT 

2021 in Review 

Revenue decreased significantly in 2021 when compared to prior year, mainly due to lower availability of 
saleable material. 

Revenue 
€1.8mln 
(2020: €6.1mln) 
Mining production 
26,379mt 
(2020: 111,472mt) 

Production 

EBITDA 
€-0.9mln 
(2020: €-1.3mln) 
Processing production 
0mt 
(2020: 13,588mt) 
Personnel 
14 
(2020: 307) 

EBIT 
€1.6mln 
(2020: €-23.8mln) 
Sales of processed material 
531mt 
(2020: 17,257mt) 

Operationally, the segment registered a decrease in total production by 78.9% to 26,379 (2020: 125,060) tonnes. 

Production within the FerroAlloys segment decreased significantly due to minimal mining activity at the South 
African mines. 

Sales 

The sales of processed material from the FerroAlloys segment declined significantly during the year when 
compared to prior year. This was mainly due to lower availability of saleable material and the discontinued 
operation of processed material during 2020. 

Financial performance 

EUR million 
Revenue 

H1/21 
1.4 

H2/21 
0.4 

FY21 
1.8 

FY20 
6.1 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EBITDA 
EBIT 
EBITDA margin 
EBIT margin 

-1.0 
1.6 
-72.3% 
114.5% 

0.0 
0.0 
9.5%  
0.2%  

-0.9 
1.6 
-53.4%  
88.2% 

-1.3 
-23.8 
-20.5% 
-388.1% 

Revenue decreased significantly in 2021 when compared to prior year, mainly due to lower availability of 
saleable material, lower sales prices and minimal activity in the South African mines. EBITDA for the full year 
stood at EUR -0.9 (2020: -1.3) million. Profitability was positively affected by a reversal gain on previously 
recognised impairment loss on Ilitha’s mining assets, amounting to EUR 2.9 (2020: -21.5) million. 

Looking ahead 

Afarak is planning on resuming some mining activities in South Africa shortly. 

RISK MANAGEMENT 

Afarak’s prudent approach to risk management is a crucial component of our continued success and is present 
in managing all aspects of our performance. 

By understanding and managing risk, we provide greater certainty and confidence for our shareholders, 
employees, customers, suppliers and host communities. In fact, we believe that successful risk management can 
be a source of competitive advantage. 

Our risks are viewed and managed on a Group-wide basis. As a truly global operation, managing diversity 
in our operations, portfolio of products, geographies, economies and currencies is a key characteristic of 
our risk management approach. 

Risk management is one of the key responsibilities of the Board and its Audit and Health & Safety 
Committees. 

2021 Developments 

The Group restructured a short-term commercial debt into a longer-term arrangement and is also actively 
pursuing new funding opportunities via some divesting.  

Afarak’s processing operations in Germany and South African mines are intensive users of energy, primarily 
electricity. Fuel and energy prices globally have been characterised by volatility and cost inflation. In South 
Africa the majority of the electricity supply, price and availability are controlled by one entity, Eskom. 
Increased electricity prices and/or reduced, or uncertain electricity supply, or allocation may negatively impact 
Afarak’s current operations, which could have an impact on the Group’s financial performance. 

It is still unknown whether the COVID-19 epidemic would create any further damage that cannot be forecasted 
at this moment. Also recent geopolitical developments may impact the continuity of economic activities, on a 
global level.  

Management continued to work closely with the Units to provide continuous monitoring and oversight in 
accordance with the Group’s risk management policy. Health & safety and the stated aim of ‘Zero-Harm’ will 
continue to be a central pillar of the Company’s risk management strategy. 

Principal risks 

While a number of different risks may have an effect on the results and operations to various degrees, the 
following describes the key types of risks faced by Afarak in the normal course of business. 

SHARE INFORMATION 

Afarak Group Plc's shares are listed on NASDAQ Helsinki (AFAGR) and on the Main Market of the London 
Stock Exchange (AFRK).  

On 31 December 2021, the registered number of Afarak Group Plc shares was 252,041,814 (252,041,814) and 
the share capital was EUR 23,642,049.60 (23,642,049.60). 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On 31 December 2021, the Company had 5,673,991 (13,162,599) own shares in treasury, which was equivalent 
to 2.25% (5.22%) of the issued shares. The total number of shares outstanding, excluding the treasury shares 
held by the Company on 31 December 2021, was 246,367,823 (238,879,215). 

At the beginning of the period under review as at December 2020, the Company’s share price was EUR 0.23 on 
NASDAQ Helsinki and GBP 0.20 on the London Stock Exchange. At the end of the review period as at 
December 2021, the share price was EUR 0.14 and GBP 0.20 respectively. During 2021, the Company’s share 
price on NASDAQ Helsinki ranged from EUR 0.13 to 0.32 per share and the market capitalisation, as at 31 
December 2020, was EUR 34.28 (1 January 2021: 56.96) million. For the same period on the London Stock 
Exchange, the share ranged from GBP 0.05 to 0.25 per share and the market capitalisation was GBP 50.41 (1 
January 2021: 50.41) million, as at 31 December 2021. 

On 23 March 2021, the company announced changes regarding Afarak Group Plc’s treasury shares, where a 
total of 7,088,608 treasury shares has been transferred to subscribers. On 12 October 2021, the company 
announced changes regarding Afarak Group Plc’s treasury shares, where a total of 400,000 shares were 
transferred to the CEO Guy Konsbruck, which form part of the remuneration package under the CEO 
agreement. 

Flagging notifications 

There were no flagging notifications during the year. 

Trading information 

Afarak Group Plc’s shares are listed on the main market of the London Stock Exchange and on NASDAQ 
Helsinki. Afarak shares are traded on the London Stock Exchange under the trading code AFRK and on the 
NASDAQ Helsinki under code AFAGR. The ISIN code is FI0009800098 and the trading takes place in Pound 
Sterling (GBP) and in Euros (EUR). 

Share performance and Trading 

During the financial year 2021, the price of Afarak Group’s share in London Stock Exchange varied 
between GBP 0.05 (2020: 0.05) and GBP 0.25 (2020: 0.75) and in NASDAQ Helsinki between 
EUR 0.13 (2020: 0.14) and EUR 0.32 (2020: 0.98). Afarak’s share closed in London at the end of 
the financial year at GBP 0.20 (2020: 0.20) and Helsinki at EUR 0.14 (2020: 0.23). The closing 
price on 31 December gives the Company a market capitalisation of the entire capital stock 
252,041,814 (2020: 252,041,814) shares of GBP 50.41 (2020: 50.41) million and EUR 34.28 (2020: 
56.96) million. 

A total of 2,198,719 (2020: 335,874) Afarak shares were traded in London and 34,249,103 (2020: 
47,131,285) shares in Helsinki during the financial year, representing 0.9% (2020: 0.1%) of stock in 
London and 13.6% (2020: 18.7%) in Helsinki. 
Shareholders 

On 31 December 2021, the Company had a total of 6,556 shareholders (6,238 shareholders on 31 
December 2020), of which seven were nominee-registered. The registered number of shares on 31 
December 2021 was 252,041,814 (2020: 252,041,814). 

LARGEST SHAREHOLDERS ON 31 DECEMBER 2021 

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5 
6 
7 
8 

Shareholder 
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB 
Hino Resources Co. Ltd 
Hanwa Company Limited 
Joensuun Kauppa ja Kone Oy 
Afarak Group Plc 
Euroclear Bank Sa/Nv 
Osuusasunnot Oy 
Kankaala Markku Olavi 

Shares 
 145,450,873    
 36,991,903    
 9,000,000    
 5,776,777    
 5,673,991    
 3,846,545    
 2,700,000    
 2,149,934    

% 
57.71 % 
14.68 % 
3.57 % 
2.29 % 
2.25 % 
1.53 % 
1.07 % 
0.85 % 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9 
10 

Hukkanen Esa Veikko 
Taloustieto Incrementum Ky 
Total 
Other Shareholders 
Total shares registered 

 1,874,374    
 1,657,020    
      215,121,417    

36,920,397 

     252,041,814    

0.74 % 
0.66 % 
85.35 % 
14.65 % 
100.00 % 

Afarak Group Plc’s Board members and Chief Executive Officer owned in total 1,950,000 (2020: 
1,550,000) Afarak Group Plc shares on 31 December 2021, including shares owned either directly, 
through persons closely associated with them or through controlled companies. This corresponds to 
0.8% (2020: 0.6%) of the total number of registered shares on 31 December 2021. 

SHAREHOLDERS BY CATEGORY 31 DECEMBER 2021 

Number of shares 

1 - 100 
101 - 1000 
1001 - 10000 
10001 - 100000 
100001 - 1000000 
1000001 - 1000000 
10000001 - 
Total 
of which nominee-registered 
Total outstanding 

Number of 
shareholders 

% share of 
shareholder 

Number of 
shares held 

% of shares 
held 

 1,265    
 2,661    
 1,994    
 569    
 57    
 8    
 2    

6,556 
7 

19.3% 
40.6% 
30.4% 
8.7% 
0.9% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
100% 
0.11% 

 62,858    
 1,261,817    
 7,200,771    
 16,100,434    
 12,294,517    
 32,678,641    
 182,442,776    
 252,041,814    
150,908,241 

252,041,814 

0.0% 
0.5% 
2.9% 
6.4% 
4.9% 
13.0% 
72.4% 
100% 
59.87% 
100% 

SHAREHOLDERS BY SHAREHOLDER TYPE ON 31 DECEMBER 2021 

Finnish shareholders 
  of which: 
  Companies and business enterprises 
  Banking and insurance companies 
  Non-profit organisations 
  Households 

Foreign shareholders 

% of 
share  

21.60% 

8.06% 
0.49% 
0.00% 
13.05% 

78.40% 

Total 
  of which nominee-registered 

100.00% 
59.87% 

RESOLUTIONS OF THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 

The Company’s Annual General Meeting (“AGM’) was held on 29 Jun 2021.  The AGM adopted the financial 
statements and the consolidated financial statements and discharged the members of the Board of Directors and 
the CEO from liability for the financial period 2020.  

The AGM resolved that no dividend would be paid for 2020.  

The AGM resolved that the Non-executive Board Members shall be paid EUR 3,000 per month and the 
Chairman of the board shall be paid an additional EUR 1,500 per month. Non-Executive Board Members who 
serve on the Board's Committees shall be paid additional EUR 1,500 per month for committee work. Those 
members of the Board of Directors that are executives of the Company are not entitled to receive any 
remuneration for Board membership. Board Members shall be compensated for travel and accommodation 
expenses as well as other costs directly related to Board and Committee work in accordance with the company's 
travel rules. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The AGM resolved that the Board of Directors would comprise of three (3) members: Dr  Jelena Manojlovic 
(UK citizen),  Mr  Thorstein Abrahamsen (Norwegian citizen) and Mr Guy Konsbruck (Luxembourg citizen) 
were re-elected as Board members. 

The AGM resolved that the Company will pay the fee to the auditor against an invoice that is inspected by the 
Company and that election of the Auditor shall be decided on separate Extraordinal General Meeting held 
during 2021. 

The AGM resolved to authorize the Board  of Directors to issue shares and stock options  and other special 
rights that entitle to shares in one or more tranches up  to a maximum of 50,000,000 new shares or shares  
owned by the Company. This equates to approximately 19.8 % of the Company's currently registered shares. 

The authorization  may be used  among other  things to raise additional finance and enabling corporate and 
business acquisitions or other arrangements and investments of business activity or for employee incentive and 
commitment schemes. By virtue of the  authorization,  the  Board of Directors can decide both on share issues 
against payment and on share issues without payment. The payment of the subscription  price can  also be  made 
with  consideration other than money. The authorization contains the right to decide on derogating from 
shareholders' pre-emptive  right to share subscriptions  provided that  the conditions set in the Finnish 
Companies' Act are fulfilled. The authorization replaces all previous authorizations and  is valid two (2) years 
from the decision of the Annual General Meeting.  

RESOLUTIONS OF THE EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING 

Afarak Group Plc’s Extraordinary General Meeting was held at the Company’s headquarter 
in Helsinki on August 30, 2021 under special arrangements due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 

The General Meeting elected, as per the proposal of the Board of Directors, Authorised Public Accountant Firm 
Tietotili Audit Oy as the Auditor of the Company. Tietotili Audit Oy has informed that the auditor with the main 
responsibility will be Authorised Public Accountant Urpo Salo. 

2021 Annual General Meeting 
Afarak’s 2021 Annual General Meeting will be held  within the time stipulated in the Finnish Companies Act. 

Distribution proposal 
The Board of Directors will propose to the Annual General Meeting that based on the results of 2021 no 
distribution would be paid in 2022. 

Information presented by reference 

The Group’s key financial figures, related party disclosures, information on share capital and option rights are 
presented in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The share ownership of the parent company’s 
Board members and Chief Executive Officer is presented in the notes to the parent company’s financial 
statements. 

The Corporate Governance Statement and the Remuneration Report are presented as separate reports in this 
Annual Report. 

For the purposes of United Kingdom Listing Authority listing rules (“LR”) 9.8.4C R, the information required 
to be disclosed by LR 9.8.4 R can be found in the following locations: 

Sector  Topic 

1 

2 
4 

5 

Interest capitalised 

Publication of unaudited financial information 
Details of long-term incentive schemes 

Waiver of emoluments by a director 

Location 
1.8. Notes to the statement of 
financial position, 10. Property, plant 
and equipment.  
Not applicable 
1.8. Notes to the statement of 
financial position, 18. Share-based 
payments 
Not applicable 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

11 
12 
13 
14 

Waiver of future emoluments by a director 
Non pre-emptive issues of equity for cash 
Item (7) in relation to major subsidiary undertakings 
Parent participation in a placing by a listed subsidiary  
Contracts of significance 

Provision of services by a controlling shareholder 
Shareholder waivers of dividends 
Shareholder waivers of future dividends 
Agreements with controlling shareholders 

Not applicable 
Not applicable 
Not applicable 
Not applicable 
1.8. Notes to the statement of 
financial position, 1.9.2 Related 
party transactions 
Not applicable 
Not applicable 
Not applicable 
Not applicable 

All the information cross-referenced above is hereby incorporated by reference into this Board of Directors 
report. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KEY FIGURES 

FINANCIAL INDICATORS 

Continuing operations 

Revenue 

EBITDA 
% of revenue 

Operating profit / (loss) (EBIT) 
% of revenue 

Profit / (loss)  before taxes 
% of revenue 

Return on equity 

Return on capital employed 

Equity ratio 

Gearing 

EUR '000 

80,256 

2021 

2020 

2019 

59,805 

-4,050 
-6.8 % 

-28,192 
-47.1 % 

-32,447 
-54.3 % 

-53.0 % 

-18.3 % 

20.9 % 

5,940 
7.4 % 

6,822 
8.5 % 

2,878 
3.6 % 

1.7% 

16.8% 

29.7% 

74.2% 

161.8 % 

Restated 

97,894 

-5,432 
-5.5 % 

-9,050 
-9.2 % 

-5,756 
-5.9 % 

-5.4 % 

0.9 % 

33.3 % 

74.0 % 

EUR '000 

EUR '000 

EUR '000 

% 

% 

% 

% 

Personnel at the end of the accounting 
period 

503 

621 

905 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SHARE-RELATED KEY INDICATORS 

Earnings per share, basic 

EUR 

2021 

2020 

2019 
Restated 

Group 
0.04 

Continuing 
operations 
0.00 

Group 
-0.07 

Continuing 
operations 
-0.10 

Group 
-0.23 

Continuing 
operations 
-0.02 

Earnings per share, diluted 

EUR 

0.04 

0.00 

-0.07 

-0.10 

-0.23 

-0.02 

Equity per share 

Price to earnings 

EUR 

EUR 

0.18 

0.18 

0.12 

0.12 

0.28 

0.28 

3.74 

neg. 

neg. 

Average number of shares 

1,000 

244,484 

  238,488 

  251,785 

Average number of shares, 
diluted 

Number of shares at the end of 
the period 

Share price information 
(NASDAQ Helsinki) 

Average share price 
Lowest share price 
Highest share price 
Market capitalisation 
Share turnover 
Share turnover 

Share price information  
(London Stock Exchange)  
Average share price 

Lowest share price 

Highest share price 

Market capitalisation  

Share turnover 
Share turnover 
Share turnover 

1,000 

245,747 

  241,403 

  254,374 

1,000 

252,042 

  252,042 

  252,042 

EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR '000 
EUR '000 
% 

EUR 
GBP 
EUR 
GBP 
EUR 
GBP 
EUR '000 
GBP '000 
EUR '000 
GBP '000 
% 

0.19 
0.13 
0.32 
34,278 
6,582 
13.6% 

0.23 
0.20 
0.06 
0.05 
0.29 
0.25 
59,990 
50,408 
368 
317 
0.9% 

0.33 
0.15 
0.98 

56,961 
15,687 
18.7 % 

0.32 
0.28 
0.06 
0.05 
0.84 
0.75 
56,070 
50,408 
96 
85 
0.1 % 

0.90 
0.40 
0.97 
  133,834 
37,961 
16.8 % 

0.72 
0.63 
0.43 
0.38 
0.88 
0.78 
  111,090 
94,516 
167 
146 
0.1 % 

From the financial year 2020 and 2021 the company did not distribute capital redemption. In 2021 the Board of 
Directors proposes to the Annual General Meeting that no distribution would be paid from the financial year 2021. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
FORMULAS FOR CALCULATION OF INDICATORS 

Financial indicators 

Return on equity 

Return on capital employed  

Equity ratio  

Gearing  

EBITDA  

Operating (loss) / profit  

Share-related key indicators 

Earnings per share, basic  

Earnings per share, diluted  

Equity per share 

Distribution per share 

Price to earnings 

Average share price 

(Loss) / profit for the period / Total equity (average for the 
period) * 100 

((Loss) / profit before taxes + financing expenses) / (Total 
assets – Interest-free liabilities) average * 100 

Total equity / (Total assets - prepayments received) * 100 

(Interest-bearing debt - liquid funds) / Total equity * 100 

Operating (loss) / profit + depreciation + amortisation + 
impairment losses 

Operating (loss) / profit is the net of revenue plus other 
operating income, plus gain/loss on finished goods 
inventory change, minus employee benefits expense, 
minus depreciation, amortisation and impairment and 
minus other operating expense. Foreign exchange gains or 
losses are included in operating profit when generated 
from ordinary activities. Exchange gains or losses related 
to financing activities are recognised as financial income 
or expense. 

(Loss) / profit attributable to owners of the parent company 
/ Average number of shares during the period. 

(Loss) / profit attributable to owners of the parent company 
/ Average number of shares during the period, diluted. 

Equity  attributable  to  owners  of  the  parent  /  Average 
number of shares during the period. 

Distribution / Number of shares at the end of the period. In 
the  attached  table  of  share  related  key  indicators,  the 
dividend  and  capital  redemptions  are  presented  in  that 
year's column on which results the pay-out are based; hence 
the actual payment takes place during next year. 

Share price at the end of the period / Earnings per share 

Total value of shares traded in currency / Number of shares 
traded during the period. 

Market capitalisation 

Number of shares * Share price at the end of the period. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD 

On 04 January 2022, the Company published the financial calendar for 2022  

On 10 February 2022, the Company published information in relation to Afarak’s website being down.  

On 10 February 2022, the company announced changes regarding Afarak Group Plc’s treasury shares, where a 
total of 500,000 shares were transferred to the CEO Guy Konsbruck, which form part of the remuneration 
package under the CEO agreement. 

On 30 March 2022, Afarak announced that on this day, the Supreme Administrative Court has 
rejected Afarak's application for permission to appeal. The Supreme Administrative Court therefore does not 
rule on the Afarak’s appeal. Therefore, the penalty payment of EUR 1,450,000 imposed by FIN-FSA on 23 
September 2019 to Afarak for failures relating to disclosure of inside information and maintenance of insider 
lists is lawful. 

The company is very disappointed about this decision, as a few minor and technical dysfunctions were identified 
and fixed, before the first decision by FIN-FSA was issued. Also the amount of the fine is completely 
disproportionate and arbitrary compared to the actual infringement. Such a high fine for such a minor fact has 
never been issued, neither in Finland, nor abroad, and is actually destroying shareholder value. FIN-FSA never 
explained why they believe such an amount was appropriate. 

Flagging notification after the reporting period 

There were no flagging notifications after the reporting period. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
1 January-31 December 2021 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, IFRS 

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT 

EUR '000 

Revenue 

Other operating income 

Materials and supplies 
Employee benefits expense 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Impairment  
Other operating expenses 

Operating (loss)/profit  

Finance income 
Finance expense 

(Loss)/profit before taxes 

Income taxes 

(Loss)/profit from continuing operations 

(Loss)/profit on discontinued operations 

(Loss)/profit for the year 

(Loss)/profit attributable to: 
Owners of the parent 
Non-controlling interests 

Earnings per share (counted from profit / (loss) 
attributable to owners of the parent): 

basic (EUR), Group total 
diluted (EUR), Group total 
basic (EUR), continuing operations 
diluted (EUR), continuing operations 

1.1.-31.12.2021 

1.1.-31.12.2020 

Note 

1 

2 

3 
4 
4 
5 

6 
6 

7 

8 

9 

80,256 

3,633 

-55,260 
-16,139 
-2,086 
2,968 
-6,550 

6,822 

6,725 
-10,669 

2,878 

-2,268 

610 

8,396 

9,006 

9,161 
-155 

9,006 

0.04 
0.04 
0.00 
0.00 

59,805 

1,333 

-43,514 
-15,432 
-2,626 
-21,515 
-6,243 

-28,192 

8,548 
-12,804 

-32,448 

4,804 

-27,644 

6,073 

-21,571 

-17,672 
-3,899 

-21,571 

-0.07 
-0.07 
-0.10 
-0.10 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

EUR '000 

Note 

1.1.-31.12.2021 

1.1.-31.12.2020 

(Loss)/profit for the year from continuing operations 

610 

-27,644 

Other comprehensive (loss)/income 

Items that will not be reclassified to profit and loss 
Remeasurements of defined benefit pension plans 

Items that may be reclassified to profit and loss 
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations - Group 

Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax 

Total comprehensive (loss)/income from continuing operations 

Total comprehensive (loss)/income from continuing operations 
attributable to: 

Owners of the parent 
Non-controlling interests 

(Loss)/profit for the year from discontinuing operations 

Other comprehensive (loss)/income 

Items that may be reclassified to profit and loss 
Loss of control of subsidiary (Circulation of translation difference) 

8 

Other comprehensive (loss) / income, net of tax 

Total comprehensive (loss)/income from discontinued 
operations 

Total comprehensive (loss)/income from discontinued operations 
attributable to: 
Owners of the parent 
Non-controlling interests 

2,289 

-1,308 

2,244 

4,533 

5,143 

5,303 
-160 

5,143 

8,396 

0 

0 

-8,264 

-9,572 

-37,216 

-32,256 
-4,960 

-37,216 

6,073 

-13,719 

-13,719 

8,396 

-7,646 

8,396 
0 
8,396 

-7,646 
0 
-7,646 

Total comprehensive (loss)/income for the year 

13,539 

-44,863 

Total comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to: 
Owners of the parent 
Non-controlling interests 

13,699 
-160 
13,539 

-39,903 
-4,960 
-44,863 

21 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

EUR '000 

ASSETS 

Non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 

Goodwill 

Other intangible assets 

Other financial assets 

Deferred tax assets 

Current assets 
Inventories 

Trade and other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Note 

31.12.2021 

31.12.2020 

10 

11 

11 

13 

19 

14 

15 

16 

38,471 

46,029 

5,548 

132 

1,766 

91,946 

13,292 

34,825 

6,287 

54,404 

61,617 

42,105 

6,232 

260 

2,916 

113,130 

13,464 

14,901 

1,098 

29,463 

Total assets 

146,350 

142,593 

22 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (CONT.) 

EUR '000 

Note 

31.12.2021 

31.12.2020 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

Equity attributable to owners of the parent 
Share capital 

Share premium reserve 

Legal Reserve 

Paid-up unrestricted equity fund 

Translation reserve 

Retained Earnings 

Non-controlling interests 

Total equity 

Non-current liabilities 
Deferred tax liabilities 

Interest-bearing debt 

Pension liabilities 

Other non-current debt 

Provisions 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

Provisions 

Tax liabilities 

Interest-bearing debt 

17 

19 

13 

21 

22 

20 

22 

20 

22 

13 

23,642 

25,223 

39 

209,798 

-38,292 

-176,170 

44,240 

-801 

43,439 

9,182 

17,749 

20,619 

28 

11,671 

59,249 

18,890 

266 

3,744 

20,762 

43,662 

23,642 

25,223 

65 

208,005 

-40,540 

-188,860 

27,536 

2,269 

29,806 

11,437 

34,589 

23,359 

33 

11,390 

80,808 

14,529 

179 

2,545 

14,725 

31,978 

Total liabilities 

102,911 

112,786 

Total equity and liabilities 

146,350 

142,593 

23 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
EUR '000 

Notes 

1.1.-31.12.2021 

1.1.-31.12.2020 

610 

-27,644 

4 
6 
7 
18 

8 

Operating activities 
(Loss) / profit from continuing operation 
Adjustments to net profit: 
Non-cash items 

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment 
Finance income and cost 
Income taxes 
Share-based payments 
Proceeds from non-current assets 

Working capital changes: 

Change in trade receivables and other receivables 
Change in inventories 
Change in trade payables and other debt 

Change in provisions 
Interests paid 
Interests received 
Other financing items 
Income taxes paid 
Discontinued operations 
Net cash  from operating activities 

Investing activities 
Capital expenditure on non-current assets, net 
Other investments, net 
Repayments of loan receivables and loans given, net 
Net cash used in investing activities 

Financing activities 
Proceeds from borrowings 
Repayments of borrowings 
Payment of principal portion of lease liabilities  
Movement in short term financing activities 

Net cash used in financing activities 

Change in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at beginning of period 
Exchange rate differences 
Cash at end of period 
Change in the statement of financial position 

16 

-882 
3,944 
2,268 
-112 
3,275 

-984 
564 
5,569 
416 
-2,703 
450 
-939 
-2,584 
4,234 
13,125 

-836 
17 
0 
-819 

7,905 
-11,525 
-49 
-3,207 

-6,876 

5,430 

1,098 
-241 
6,287 
5,430 

Discontinued operations’ cash flows are described in more detail in the Note 8. 

23,773 
4,047 
-4,803 
60 
6,244 

2,134 
7,191 
1,616 
585 
-2,939 
-85 
-1,702 
-1,703 
-11,189 
-4,415 

-958 
47 
48 
-863 

3,215 
-3,749 
-193 
2,002 

1,275 

-4,002 

5,389 
-289 
1,098 
-4,002 

24 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

EUR  '000 
A = Share capital 
B = Share premium reserve 
C = Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve 
D = Translation reserve 
E = Retained earnings 
F = Legal reserve 
G = Equity attributable to owners of the parent, total 
H = Non-controlling interests 
I = Total equity 

EUR '000 

Note
s 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

I 

Attributable to owners of the parent 

Equity at 31.12.2019 

23,642 

25,223 

207,850     - 19,618   - 169,880              89    

67,306    

7,230    

74,536   

(Loss) / profit for the 
period 1-12/2020 
Other Comprehensive 
income 
Loss of control of 
subsidiary (Circulation 
of translation 
difference) 
Total comprehensive 
income 
Share-based payments 
Acquisition of non-
controlling interest 
Other changes in 
equity 

8 

19 
18 

-17,672 

-17,672 

-3,899 

-21,571 

-7,203 

-1,308 

-8,511 

-1,061 

-9,572 

-13,719 

-20,922 

-18,980 

60 

95 

-13,719 

-39,902 
60 

95 

-24 

-24 

-4,961 

-13,719 

-44,863 
60 

95 

-24 

Equity at 31.12.2020 

23,642 

25,223 

208,005 

-40,540 

-188,860 

         65    

27,536 

2,269 

29,806 

Profit for the period 1-
12/2021 + 
comprehensive 
income 
Other Comprehensive 
Income 
Total comprehensive 
income 
Share-based payments 
Acquisition of non-
controlling interest 
Other changes in 
equity 

9,162 

9,162 

-155 

9,006 

2,247 

2,289 

4,537 

-5 

4,532 

2,247 

11,451 

13,699 
112 

-160 

13,539 
112 

1,235 

2,915 

-2,915 

5 

-26 

-26 

4 

0 

-17 

112 

1,680 

Equity at 31.12.2021 

23,642 

25,223 

209,798 

-38,292 

-176,170 

39 

44,240 

-801 

43,439 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

1.1 COMPANY INFORMATION 

Afarak Group is a public limited company in Finland. Afarak Group is a chrome mining and minerals producer 
focused on delivering sustainable growth with a speciality alloys business in southern Europe and a ferro alloys 
business in southern Africa. The Group’s parent company is Afarak Group Plc (business ID: 0618181-8). The 
parent company is domiciled in Helsinki, Finland, and its registered address is Kaisaniemenkatu 4, 00100 
Helsinki, Finland. Copies of the consolidated financial statements are available at Afarak Group Plc’s head 
office or at the Company’s website: www.afarak.com. 

Afarak Group Plc is quoted on the NASDAQ Helsinki Oy (trading code: AFAGR) in the industrials group, in the 
small-cap category, and on the main market of the London Stock Exchange (AFRK). 

For  the purpose  of  reporting according  to ESEF    regulations:  Afarak  Group  Oyj operated  with  same name  in 
previous year. Afarak Group plc is the ultimate parent of the Group and its principal place of business is Helsinki, 
Finland.   

1.2 ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES 

Basis of preparation 

These consolidated financial statements of Afarak Group have been prepared in accordance with the International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and in conformity with the IAS and IFRS standards as well as the SIC and 
IFRIC interpretations in force on 31 December 2021. In the Finnish Accounting Act and the regulations issued on 
the basis thereof, International Financial Reporting Standards refer to the standards and their interpretations that 
have  been  approved  for  application  within  the  EU  in  accordance  with  the  procedure  prescribed  in  the  EU 
regulation (EC) 1606/2002. Notes to the consolidated financial statements also meet the requirements set forth in 
the Finnish accounting and company legislation.  

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, unless otherwise explicitly 
stated. All values are rounded to the nearest thousand (€ 000), unless otherwise explicitly stated. 

Afarak  Group  Plc’s  Board  of  Directors  resolved  on  31  March  2022  that  these  financial  statements  are  to  be 
published. According to the Finnish Companies Act, shareholders shall endorse the financial statements in the 
Annual General Meeting convening after the financial statements have been published. 

Presentation of financial statements 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  provide  comparative  information  in  respect  of  the  previous  period.  In 
addition, the Group presents an additional statement of financial position at the beginning of the earliest period 
presented  when  there  is:  a  retrospective  application  of  an  accounting policy;  a  retrospective  restatement;  or  a 
reclassification of items in financial statements that has a material impact on the Group. 

Principles of consolidation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  parent  company  Afarak  Group  Plc,  its  subsidiaries,  joint 
ventures and associated companies. Subsidiaries refer to companies controlled by the Group. The Group gains 
control  of  a  company  when  it  holds  more  than  half  of  the  voting  rights  or  otherwise  exercises  control.  The 
existence of potential voting rights has been taken into account in assessing the requirements for control in cases 
where the instruments entitling their holder to potential voting rights can be exercised at the time of assessment. 
Control refers to the right to govern the financial and operating policies of an enterprise so as to obtain benefits 
from its activities. 

Acquired subsidiaries are consolidated from the time when the Group gained control, and divested subsidiaries 
until the time when control ceased. All intra-group transactions, receivables, debts, and unrealised profits, as well 
as internal distribution of profits, are eliminated when the consolidated financial statements are prepared. The 
distribution of profits between parent company owners and non-controlling owners is shown in the statement of 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
comprehensive income, and the non-controlling interest of equity is shown as a separate item in the statement of 
financial position under shareholders’ equity.  

Joint ventures are entities in which each venturer has an interest and there is a contractual arrangement establishing 
joint control over the economic activity of the entity.  

Associates are companies in which Afarak Group exercises significant influence. The Group exercises significant 
influence if it holds more than 20% of the target company’s voting rights, or if the Group in other ways exercises 
significant influence but not control. Associates have been consolidated in the Group’s financial statements using 
the equity method. If the Group’s share of the associate’s losses exceeds the carrying amount of the investment, 
the investment is recognised at zero value on the statement of financial position, and losses exceeding the carrying 
amount  are  not  consolidated  unless  the  Group  has  made  a  commitment  to  fulfil  the  associates’  obligations. 
Investment in an associate includes the goodwill arising from its acquisition. 

Translation of foreign currency items 

Amounts indicating the profit or loss and financial position of Group entities are measured in the currency of each 
entity’s main operating environment (‘functional currency’). Figures in the consolidated financial statements are 
presented in euro, the functional and presentation currency of the Group’s parent company, Afarak Group Plc. 

Transactions in foreign currencies have been recorded at the functional currency using the exchange rate on the 
date of the transaction or mid reference rates of central banks. Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies 
have been translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the end of each reporting period. 
Exchange rate gains and losses are included in the revenue, operational costs or financial items, corresponding to 
their respective origin. Hedge accounting has not been applied. 

In the Group accounts, foreign subsidiaries’ income statements and statements of cash flows are converted into 
euro by using average exchange rates for the period, and the statement of financial position is converted by using 
the period-end exchange rate. The translation differences arising from this are recognised in other comprehensive 
income. Translation differences arising from the elimination of the acquisition cost and post-acquisition equity 
changes are also recognised in other comprehensive income. If and when the foreign subsidiary is partially or 
fully divested, these accrued translation differences will be taken into account in adjusting the sales gain or sales 
loss. 

Goodwill, other assets and liabilities arising from acquisitions of subsidiaries are recognised in the Group accounts 
using the functional currency of each acquired subsidiary. The balances in that functional currency have then been 
translated into euro using the exchange rates prevailing at the end of the reporting period. 

In accordance with IAS 21, any foreign exchange difference arising from Intra-group loans for which settlement 
is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future is, in substance, a part of the entity’s net investment 
in that foreign operation. This is recognised in the group’s other comprehensive income and reclassified from 
equity to profit or loss on disposal of the net investment. 

Operating profit 

IAS  1  Presentation  of  financial  statements  does  not  define  the  concept of  operating profit.  Afarak  Group has 
defined it as follows: Operating profit is the net amount derived by adding to revenue other operating income, less 
materials  and  supplies,  and  expenses  from  work  performed  by  the  enterprise  and  capitalised,  less  costs  from 
employee benefits, depreciation and impairment losses, and other expenses. Shares of associated companies’ and 
joint venture companies’ profit or loss are included in the operating profit to the extent to which they relate to the 
Group’s  core  businesses.  Exchange  differences  arising  from  operational  transactions  with  third  parties  are 
included in operating profit; otherwise they are recorded under financial items. 

All other items of the income statement are excluded from operating profit.  

IAS 1 amendment introduced the requirement for grouping of items presented in Other Comprehensive Income.  
Items that are reclassified (or `recycled`) to profit or loss at a future point in time will be presented separately 
from items which will never be reclassified.  The amendment affected the presentation of Other Comprehensive 
Income. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Revenue recognition 

The Group applies IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with customers standard. Income from the sale of goods is 
recognised once the control of goods have been transferred to the buyer. Control is transferred either over time 
or at a point in time. The transfer of control depends on, terms of delivery (Incoterms) and some of which have 
transfer of risk to the customer before material is delivered to the final customer. The freight in conjunction with 
these delivery terms may be regarded as a separate performance obligation, however as they are limited in 
number, the Group does not consider the freight as being separate from the sale.  

The most often used terms are FCA, CIF or FOB, under which the revenue is recognised when the goods are 
assigned to the buyer’s carrier or loaded on board the vessel nominated by the buyer.  

Generally, the Group receives short-term advances or cash against documents (CAD) from its customers. The 
payment terms are usually up to 60 days from end of month or after consignment report for customers with 
consignment agreement. The transaction price is based on official publications with premiums or discounts, 
while spot business is done based on negotiations. Performance obligations are satisfied at delivery of the goods 
and revenue is recognised based on the incoterms transfer of risk. 

As typical in the business, preliminary invoices are issued for the mineral concentrates at the time of delivery. 
Final invoices are issued when quantity, mineral content and pricing have been defined for the delivery lot. 

Income not generated by the Group’s main businesses is accounted for as other operating income. The expenses 
incurred from disposals of non-current assets or a disposal group of assets are deducted from the gain on disposal.    

Pension liabilities 

Pension  arrangements  in  Afarak  Group  are  classified  as  defined  contribution  plans  or  defined  benefit  plans 
(Germany  and  Turkey).  Payments  for  defined  contribution  plans  are  recognised  as  expenses  for  the  relevant 
period. The present value of obligation for the defined benefit plans has been estimated applying the Projected 
Unit Credit Method and recognised as a non-current liability on the statement of financial position.  The actuarial 
gains  and  losses  are  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income  when  they  occur  and  the  net  defined  benefit 
liability or asset are presented in full on the statement of financial position.  

Share-based payments 

Option rights are measured at fair value at the time they were granted and recorded as expenses on a straight-line 
basis during the vesting period. The expenses at the time the options were granted are determined according to 
the Group’s estimate of the number of options expected to vest at the end of the vesting period. Fair value is 
determined on the basis of an applicable option pricing model (e.g. Black-Scholes). The effects of non-market-
based terms and conditions are not included in the fair value of the option; instead, they are taken into account in 
the estimated number of options expected to vest at the end of the vesting period. The Group updates the estimated 
final number of options at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the estimates are recorded in the statement 
of  comprehensive  income.  When  the  option  rights  are  exercised,  the  cash  payments  received  from  the 
subscriptions adjusted with potential transaction costs are recorded under paid-up unrestricted equity reserve. 

The  Group  from  time  to  time  directs  free  issues  of  shares  to  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors  or  key 
executives,  as  approved  by  the  AGM.  The  compensation  is  settled  in  shares  and  is  accordingly  recognised  as 
share-based payment in the Group's financial statements. The fair value of the granted shares is determined based 
on the market price of the Afarak Group share at the grant date. The total fair value is therefore the amount of 
granted shares multiplied by the share market price at grant date. The cost is recognised as expense in personnel 
costs over the vesting periods and credited to equity (retained earnings).  

Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) transactions 

The  purpose  of  South  African  Broad  Based  Black  Economic  Empowerment  (BBBEE)  regulation  is  to  enable 
previously  disadvantaged  people  meaningfully  to  participate  in  the  South  African  economy.  The  Group  is 
committed to making a positive contribution towards the objectives of BBBEE. Where the Group disposes of a 
portion of a South African based subsidiary or operation to a BBBEE company at a discount to fair value, the 
transaction  is  considered  to  be  a  share-based  payment  (in  line  with  the  principle  contained  in  South  Africa 
interpretation AC 503 Accounting for Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) Transactions). The 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
discount provided or value given is calculated in accordance with IFRS 2 and recognised as an expense. Where 
the BBBEE transaction includes service conditions, the expense is recognised over the vesting period. Otherwise 
the expense is recognised immediately on the grant date. 

Lease agreements (the Group as the lessee) 

Leases of tangible assets where the Group possesses a material portion of the risks and benefits of ownership are 
classified as financial leases. An asset acquired through a financial lease agreement is recognised at the fair value 
of the leased object at the beginning of the lease period, or at a lower current value of minimum lease. An asset 
obtained through a finance lease is depreciated over the useful life of the asset or the lease term, whichever is 
shorter. The leases payable are divided into financial expenses and loan repayment during the lease term so that 
the interest rate for the remaining loan is roughly the same each financial year. Leasing obligations are included 
in interest-bearing liabilities. Lease agreements in which the risks and benefits typical of ownership remain with 
the lessor are recognised in the statement of financial position as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease 
liability at the date at which the lease asset is available for the use by the Group. Each lease payment is allocated 
between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is recognised in the income statement over the lease period. 
The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line 
basis. 

Impairment 

At the end of each reporting period, the Group makes an assessment of whether there are any indications of asset 
impairment. If such indications exist, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated. In addition, goodwill is 
assessed annually for its recoverable amount regardless of whether there are any signs of impairment. Impairment 
is  examined  at  the  cash-generating  unit  level;  in  other  words,  the  lowest  level  of  entity  that  is  primarily 
independent of other entities and whose cash flows can be separated from other cash flows. Impairment related to 
associates and other assets are tested on a company/asset basis. 

The recoverable amount is the fair value of an asset less divestment costs, or the higher value in use. Value in use 
means the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the asset or cash-generating unit. 
Value in use is forecast on the basis of circumstances and expectations at the time of testing. The discount rate 
takes into account the time value of money as well as the special risks involved for each asset, different industry-
specific  capital  structures  in  different  lines  of  business,  and  the  investors’  return  expectations  for  similar 
investments. An impairment loss is recorded when the carrying amount of an asset is greater than its recoverable 
amount.  If  the  impairment  loss  is  allocable  to  a  cash-flow-generating  unit,  it  is  allocated  first  to  reduce  the 
goodwill of the unit and subsequently to reduce other assets of the unit. An impairment loss is reversed if a change 
has occurred in circumstances and the recoverable amount of the asset has changed since the impairment loss was 
recognised. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in any circumstances. 

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually at year end; for the 2021 financial year, testing took place on 30 June 
2021 for the Speciality Alloys business and the South African minerals processing business and on 31 December 
2021 for all cash generating units. Impairment testing and the methods used are discussed in more detail in section 
1.5 in the ‘Notes to the consolidated financial statements’. 

Financial income and expense 

Interest income and expense is recognised using the effective interest method, and dividends are recognised when 
the right to dividends is established. Unrealised changes in value of items measured at fair value are recognised 
in the statement of comprehensive income. These items relate to currency forward contracts. Exchange rate gains 
or losses that arise from intercompany loans that are considered as part of the net investment in the foreign entity 
are  included,  net  of  any  deferred  tax  effects,  in  the  translation  reserve  within  the  equity.  These  exchange 
differences are recognised in other comprehensive income while accumulated exchange differences are presented 
in the translation reserves in the equity. 

Borrowing costs 

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset 
forming part of the cost of that asset, are capitalised if it is likely that they will provide future economic benefit 
and can be measured in a reliable manner. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in 
which they are incurred.  

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income taxes 

Tax expenses in the statement of comprehensive income consist of the tax based on taxable income for the year 
and deferred taxes. Taxes based on taxable income for the year are calculated using the applicable tax rates. Taxes 
are adjusted with any taxes arising from previous years. Maltese companies’ income taxes are recognised and paid 
applying the nominal income tax rate which is 35%. Six sevenths of this tax is refunded when the company pays 
a dividend. Consequently the effective tax rate is 5%. The tax refund is recognised when the dividend is declared. 
Taxes arising from items recognised directly in equity are presented as income tax relating to other comprehensive 
income. 

Deferred  taxes  have  been  calculated  for  all  temporary  differences  between  the  carrying  amount  and  taxable 
amount. Deferred taxes have been calculated using the tax rates set at the end of the reporting period. Deferred 
tax assets arising from taxable losses carried forward have been recognised up to the amount for which there is 
likely to be taxable income in the future, and against which the temporary difference can be used. 

Tangible assets 

Tangible assets have been measured at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The 
initial cost of an asset comprises its purchase price, costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation 
and the initial estimate of the rehabilitation and decommissioning obligation. Heavy production machinery often 
contains  components  with  different  useful  lives,  and  therefore  the  component  approach  is  applied.  Material 
component replacements and repairs are capitalised. The repair and maintenance of lighter machinery and other 
intangible items are recognised as an expense when incurred.  

Interest expenses are capitalised as part of the tangible asset’s value if and when the Group acquires or constructs 
assets that satisfy the required terms and conditions.  

Assets are depreciated over their useful lives using the straight-line method, except for the mineral resources and 
ore reserves which are depreciated based on estimated or reported consumption. Land areas are not depreciated. 
The estimated useful lives of assets are as follows: 

Buildings 
Machinery and equipment  
Other tangible assets 
Mines and mineral assets   

15–50 years 
3–15 years 
5–10 years 
Units-of-production method 

The residual value of assets and their useful life are reviewed in connection with each financial statement and, if 
necessary, they will be adjusted to reflect the changes that have occurred in the expected financial benefit. The 
sales  gains  or  losses  arising  from  the  decommissioning or divestment  of  tangible  assets  are  included  in  other 
operating income or expenses. 

Mines and mineral assets 

Measurement of mineral resources and ore reserves in business combinations 

Mineral resources and ore reserves acquired in business combinations are recognised as separate assets. In the 
recognition and measurement of mineral resources and ore reserves the Group utilises available third party reports 
of  the  quantities,  mineral  content,  estimated  production  costs  and  exploitation  potential  of  the  resource.  The 
probability of the ore reserve is also an essential factor. In the mining and minerals business, the probability is 
commonly described by classifying a mineral resource into categories such as ‘proven’, ‘probable’, ‘inferred’ and 
‘hypothetical’.  There  are  also  generally  accepted  standards  for  the  classification  of  mineral  resources  in  the 
business,  such  as  the  standards  of  the  South  African  Code  for  the  Reporting  of  Exploration  Results,  Mineral 
Resources and Mineral Reserves (‘SAMREC’). The measurement of ore reserves is based on estimated market 
prices, estimated production costs and quantities. In the Group’s statement of financial position, mineral resources 
and ore reserves are presented as tangible assets. Rehabilitation liabilities related to mines are included in their 
cost of acquisition, and corresponding provision is recognised on the statement of financial position.  

Exploration and evaluation expenses of mineral resources 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exploration and evaluation expenditure relates to costs incurred on the exploration and evaluation of potential 
mineral reserves and resources when new potential ore reserves are sought, for example by exploratory drilling. 
Exploration  and  evaluation  expenditure  is  carried  forward  as  an  asset  if  the  Group  expects  such  costs  to  be 
recouped  in  full  through  the  successful  development  of  the  area  of  interest;  or  alternatively  by  its  sale;  or  if 
exploration  and  evaluation  activities  in  the  area  of  interest  have  not  yet  reached  a  stage  which  permits  the 
reasonable assessment of the existence of economically recoverable reserves and active and significant operations 
in  relation  to  the  area  are  either  continuing  or planned for  the  future.  Exploration  and  evaluation  expenditure 
includes material and other direct costs incurred, for instance, by exploratory drilling and surveys. Overheads are 
included in the exploration and evaluation asset to the degree to which they can be associated with finding and 
evaluating a specific mineral resource. Exploration and evaluation assets are measured at cost and are transferred 
to mine development assets when utilisation of the mine begins. The asset is then depreciated using the units-of-
production method. Assets are written off when it is determined that the costs will not lead to economic benefits 
or expensed when incurred if the outcome is uncertain.  

Exploration and evaluation assets are assessed for impairment if and when facts and circumstances suggest that 
the carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. In particular, the impairment tests are carried out if the period 
for which the Group has right to explore the specific area expires or will expire in the near future and future 
exploration and evaluation activities are not planned for the area. 

Exploration and evaluation assets acquired in conjunction with business combinations are accounted for at fair 
value in accordance with the principles of IFRS 3. 

Mine establishment costs 

Mine establishment costs are capitalised as part of the mine’s acquisition cost and depreciated using the units-of-
production method when the production of the mine begins. The costs arising from changes in mining plan after 
the production has begun are expensed as incurred. 

Impairment 

The value of mineral resources and ore reserves acquired in business combinations is tested for impairment if 
there are indications of deterioration in the long-term ability to utilise the asset economically. In the test the cash 
flows  generated  by  the  asset  are  assessed  based  on  most  recent  information  on  the  technical  and  economic 
utilisation of the asset. 

Goodwill and intangible assets identified at acquisition 

Goodwill represents the portion of acquisition cost that exceeds the Group’s share of the fair value at the time of 
acquisition of the net assets of the acquired company. Instead of regular amortisation, goodwill is tested annually 
for potential impairment. For this purpose, goodwill has been allocated to cash-generating units or, in the case of 
an associated company, is included in the acquisition cost of the associate in question. Goodwill is measured at 
original acquisition cost less impairment losses. Changes in purchase considerations, for example due to earn-out 
arrangements,  relating  to  acquisitions  carried  out  before  2010  have  been  recognised  against  goodwill  in 
accordance with the earlier IFRS 3.   

The net assets of an entity acquired in a business combination are measured at fair value at the date of acquisition. 
In  connection  with  business  combinations,  the  Group  also  identifies  intangible  assets  that  are  not  necessarily 
recorded on the statement of financial position of the acquired entity. These assets include, for instance, customer 
relationships, trademarks and technology. The assets are recognised at fair value and amortised over their useful 
lives on a straight-line basis. The amortisation periods for these intangible assets are as follows: 

Customer relationships: 2-5 years depending on contractual circumstances 
Technology: 5-15 years 
Trademarks: 1 year 
Research and development costs 

Research costs are always recognised as expenses. Mine development costs are capitalised as part of mining assets 
and depreciated on a unit of production basis. The development costs, which primarily relate to the development 
of existing products, are expensed as incurred.  

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other intangible assets 

Other intangible assets are initially recognised on the statement of financial position at cost when the costs can be 
reliably determined and it is probable that the expected financial benefits of those assets will be reaped by the 
Group. Other intangible assets mainly relate to IT software utilised in support of the Group’s business operations 
and they are amortised over 3-5 years on a straight-line basis. 
Inventories 

Inventories  are  measured  at  acquisition  cost  or  a  lower  probable  net  realisable  value.  Acquisition  costs  are 
determined  using  the  average  cost  method.  The  cost  of  finished  goods  and  work  in  progress  comprises  raw 
materials, direct labour expenses, other direct expenses, and an appropriate share of fixed and variable production 
overheads based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. In open pit mining operations, the removal 
costs of overburden and waste material (stripping costs) are included in the cost of inventory. The net realisable 
value is the estimated selling price that is obtainable, less the estimated costs incurred in completing the product 
and the selling expenses. 

Financial assets 

Initial recognition and measurement 
Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, and subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value 
through other comprehensive income (OCI), and fair value through profit or loss in accordance with IFRS 9: 
Financial Instruments. 

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow 
characteristics and the Group’s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that 
do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient, the 
Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value 
through profit or loss, transaction costs. See note 13, in section 1.8. Notes to the Statement Of Financial 
Position, for tabular presentation of financial instruments. 

Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the 
practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS  15: Revenue from Contracts 
with Customers. 

In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through OCI, it needs 
to give rise to cash flows that are ‘solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)’ on the principal amount 
outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level. 

The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order 
to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting 
contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both. 

Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation 
or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the 
Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. 

Subsequent measurement 
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories: 1.Financial assets at 
amortised cost (debt instruments); 
2. Financial assets at fair value through OCI with recycling of cumulative gains and losses (debt instruments); 
3. Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI with no recycling of cumulative gains and losses upon 
derecognition (equity instruments); and 
4. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. 
There have been no transfers of financial assets between fair value categories during the financial period. Afarak 
has not changed its recognition or fair valuation methods during the financial period. 

1.  Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments) 
This category financial assets are measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met: 

•  The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to 

collect contractual cash flows; and 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•  The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely 

payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. 

For debt instruments at fair value through OCI, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment 
losses or reversals are recognised in the statement of profit or loss and computed in the same manner as for 
financial assets measured at amortised cost. 

The remaining fair value changes are recognised in OCI. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change 
recognised in OCI is recycled to profit or loss. 

The Group held loans receivable and trade receivables which were classified as being financial assets at 
amortised cost. 

2. Financial assets at fair value through OCI (debt instruments) 
This category of debt instruments are measured at fair value through OCI if both of the following conditions are 
met: 

•  The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect 

contractual cash flows and selling; and 

•  The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely 

payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. 

For debt instruments at fair value through OCI, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation  and impairment 
losses or reversals are recognised in the statement of profit or loss and computed in the same manner as for 
financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes are recognised in OCI. 

Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in OCI is recycled to profit or loss. 

The Group did not hold any debt instruments classified as being financial assets at fair value through OCI. 

3. Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI (equity instruments) 
Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity instruments 
designated at fair value through OCI when they meet the definition of equity under IAS 32 Financial 
Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification  is determined on an instrument-by-
instrument  basis. 

Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to profit or loss. Dividends are recognised as other 
income in the statement of profit or loss when the right of payment has been established, except when the Group 
benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains are 
recorded in OCI. Equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI are not subject to impairment 
assessment. 

The Group elected to classify irrevocably its non-listed equity investments under this category. 

4. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets 
designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to 
be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for the purpose 
of selling or repurchasing in the near term. 

Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they are 
designated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of 
principal and interest are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business 
model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fair value 
through OCI, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on 
initial recognition if doing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch. 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value 
with net changes in fair value recognised in the statement of profit or loss. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Group did not hold any debt instruments classified as being financial assets at fair value through profit or 
loss. 

Derecognition 
A financial asset is primarily derecognised when: 

•  The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or 
•  The Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation 
to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ 
arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the  risks and rewards of the 
asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the 
asset, but has transferred control of the asset. 

When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough 
arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. 

When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred 
control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of its continuing 
involvement. In that case, the Group also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the 
associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects  the rights and obligations that the Group has retained. 

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of 
the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Group could be 
required to repay. 

Impairment of financial assets 
Further disclosures relating to impairment of financial assets are also provided in the following notes: 

•  Disclosures for significant assumptions 
•  Debt instruments at fair value through OCI 
Trade receivables, including contract assets 
• 

The Group recognises an allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs) for all debt instruments not held at fair 
value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in 
accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an 
approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the 
sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms. 

ECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in 
credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are provided for credit losses that result from default events that are 
possible within the next 12-months (a 12-month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been a 
significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected 
over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespective of the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL). 

For trade receivables and should the Group have any contract assets, the Group applies a simplified approach in 
calculating ECLs. Therefore, the Group does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognises a loss 
allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is 
based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the 
economic environment. 

For debt instruments at fair value through OCI, the Group applies the low credit risk simplification. At every 
reporting date, the Group evaluates whether the debt instrument is considered to have low credit risk using all 
reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort. In making that evaluation, 
the Group reassesses the internal credit rating of the debt instrument. In addition, the Group considers that there 
has been a significant increase in credit risk when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due. 

The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in 
certain cases, the Group may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external 
information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before 
taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no 
reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows. 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting 

When  necessary,  the  Group  utilises  derivative  financial  instruments,  such  as  forward  currency  contracts  and 
interest rate swaps, to hedge its foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. Such derivative financial instruments 
are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently 
remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial 
liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in fair value on derivatives are 
recognised on the income statement. The Group did not have currency hedged at year end. 

Treasury shares 

Own equity instruments, which are reacquired (treasury shares), are recognised at cost and deducted from the 
paid-up unrestricted equity reserve. No gain or loss is recognised on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of 
the Group’s own equity instruments.  

Financial liabilities 

Liabilities are classified as current and non-current, and include both interest-bearing and interest-free liabilities. 
Interest-bearing liabilities are liabilities that either include a contractual interest component, or are discounted to 
reflect the fair value of the liability. In the earlier financial years discounted non-current liabilities have included 
acquisition-related deferred conditional and unconditional liabilities. Certain conditional liabilities have included 
an earn-out component that needed to be met to make the liability unconditional and fix the amount of the future 
payment. Acquisition-related conditional purchase considerations that were payable in the Company’s shares were 
presented as interest-free liabilities.  

Initial recognition and measurement 
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, 
loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as 
appropriate. 

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and 
payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. 

The company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables and loans and borrowings including bank 
overdrafts. 

Subsequent measurement 
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below: 

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial 
liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. 

Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the 
near term. 

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Financial liabilities 
designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of 
recognition, and only if the criteria in IFRS 9 are satisfied. The company has not designated any financial 
liability as at fair value through profit or loss. 

Loans and borrowings 
This is the category most relevant to the company. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and 
borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses  are recognised 
in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. 
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs 
that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit 
or loss. 

This category generally applies to interest-bearing loans and borrowings. For more information, refer  to note 
13, in 1.8 Notes to the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derecognition 
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. 
When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, 
or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the 
derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective 
carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss. 

Offsetting of financial instruments 

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the consolidated statement of 
financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an 
intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. 

Provisions 

Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive), as a result of a past 
event and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the 
obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of the time value of 
money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, where appropriate, the risks 
specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is 
recognised as a finance cost. 

The  provision  for  rehabilitation  and  decommissioning  costs  has  arisen  on  operating  mines  and  minerals’ 
processing facilities. These costs are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using 
estimated cash flows. The cash flows are discounted at a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the 
rehabilitation  and  decommissioning  liability.  The  estimated  future  costs  of  decommissioning  are  reviewed 
annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs of or in the discount rate applied to 
the  rehabilitation  obligation  are  added  or  deducted  from  the  profit  or  loss  or,  respectively,  decommissioning 
obligation adjusted to the carrying value of the asset dismantled.  

Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations 

The standard IFRS 5 requires that an entity must classify a non-current asset or a disposal group as assets held for 
sale if the amount equivalent to its carrying amount is accumulated primarily from the sale of the item rather than 
from its continued use. In this case, the asset or disposal group must be available for immediate sale in its present 
condition under general and standard terms for the sale of such assets, and the sale must be highly probable. 

Discontinued  operation  is  a  component  of  the  entity  with  operations  and  cash  flows  that  can  be  clearly 
distinguished operationally and for financial reporting purposes, from the rest of the entity, that is either held for 
sale or already disposed of; and 

• 
• 

• 

represents a major line of business or geographical area of operations, 
is part of a single-coordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area 
of operations, or 
is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale and the disposal involves loss of control. 

Accounting policies requiring management discretion and key uncertainty factors for estimates 

Preparation  of  the  financial  statements  requires  management  to  make  estimates,  assumptions  and  forecasts 
regarding the future. Future developments may deviate significantly from the assumptions made if changes occur 
in the business environment and/or business operations. In addition, management is required to use its discretion 
in the application of the financial statements’ preparation principles.  

The scope of the financial statements 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  parent  company  Afarak  Group  Plc,  its  subsidiaries,  joint 
ventures and associated companies. Subsidiaries refer to companies in which the Group has control. The Group 
gains control of a company when it holds more than half of the voting rights or otherwise exercises control. The 
assessment of whether control is exercised requires management discretion.  

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allocation of the cost of a business combination 

In accordance with IFRS 3, the acquisition cost of an acquired company is allocated to the assets of the acquired 
company.  The  management  has  to  use  estimates  when  determining  the  fair  value  of  identifiable  assets  and 
liabilities.  Determining  a  value  for  intangible  assets,  such  as  trademarks  and  customer  relationships,  requires 
estimation and discretion because in most cases, no market value can be assigned to these assets. Determining fair 
value  for  tangible  assets  requires  particular  judgment  as  well,  since  there  are  seldom  active  markets  for  them 
where the fair value could be obtained. In these cases, the management has to select an appropriate method for 
determining the value and must estimate future cash flows. 

Impairment testing 

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment, and assessments of whether there are indications of any other asset 
impairment are made at end of reporting period, and more often if needed. The recoverable amounts of cash-
generating  units  have  been  determined  by  means  of  calculations  based  on  value  in  use.  Preparation  of  these 
calculations requires the use of estimates to predict future developments.  

The forecasts used in the testing are based on the budgets and projections of the operative units, which strive to 
identify  any  expansion  investments  and  rearrangements.  To  prepare  the  estimates,  efforts  have  been  made  to 
collect background information from the operative business area management as well as from different sources 
describing general market activity. The risk associated with the estimates is taken into account in the discount rate 
used. The definition of components of discount rates applied in impairment testing requires discretion, such as 
estimating the asset or business related risk premiums and average capital structure for each business segment.  

Tangible and intangible assets 

Afarak Group management is required to use its discretion when determining the useful lives of various tangible 
and intangible assets, which  affects the amount of depreciation and thereby the carrying amount of the assets 
concerned. The capitalising of mine development assets and exploration and evaluation expenditure, in particular, 
requires the use of discretion. Similarly, management is required to use its discretion in determining the useful 
lives of intangible assets identified in accordance with IFRS 3, and in determining the amortisation period. This 
affects the financial result for the period through depreciation and change in deferred taxes. 

Measurement of mineral resources and ore reserves 

In  the  Group’s  mining  operations,  estimates  have  to  be  applied  in  recognising  mineral  resources  acquired  in 
business combinations as assets. In the recognition and measurement of mineral resources and ore reserves, the 
Group utilises available third party analyses of the quantities, mineral content, estimated production costs and 
exploitation potential of the resource. The probability of the ore reserve is also a key consideration. In the mining 
and minerals business, the probability is commonly described by classifying a mineral resource into categories 
such as ‘proven’, ‘probable’, ‘inferred’ and ‘hypothetical’. The measurement of ore reserves is based on estimated 
market  prices,  estimated  production  costs  and  on  the  probability  classification  of  the  mineral  resource  and 
quantities. Therefore, the Group’s management has to use its discretion in applying recognition and measurement 
principles for mineral resources.  

Rehabilitation provisions 

The Group assesses the rehabilitation liabilities associated with its mines and production facilities annually. The 
amount of provision reflects the management’s best estimate of the rehabilitation costs. In determining the fair 
value  of  the  provision,  assumptions  and  estimates  are  made  in  relation  to discount  rates,  the  expected  cost  to 
rehabilitate the area and remove or cover the contaminated soil from the site, the expected timing of those costs, 
and whether the obligations stem from past activity. These uncertainties may cause the actual costs to differ from 
the provision which has been made. 

Standards and interpretations effective and adopted in the current year 

The Group applied, for the first time, certain amendments to the standards, which are effective for annual periods 
beginning  on  or  after  1  January  2021.  The  Group  has  not  early  adopted  any  standards,  interpretations  or 
amendments that have been issued but are not yet effective. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Several other amendments apply for the first time in 2021. However, they do not impact the annual consolidated 
financial statements of the Group or the interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Group and, 
hence, have not been disclosed. 

The nature and the effect of these changes are disclosed below. Although the new standards and amendments 
applied  for  the  first  time  in  2021,  they  did  not  have  a  material  impact  on  the  annual  consolidated  financial 
statements of the Group. Other than the changes described below, the accounting policies adopted are consistent 
with those of the previous financial year. 

In 2021, the Group has adopted the following amended standards issued by the IASB.  

- 

Interest Rate Benchmark Reform - Phase 2 - Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 
16. The amendment provides temporary reliefs related to financial reporting effects when an interbank 
offered rate (IBOR) is replaced with an alternative nearly risk-free rate (RFR).    

The above changes did not have an impact on the 2021 consolidated financial statements and they are not expected 
to have any impact in the 2022 consolidated financial statements. 

Standards and interpretations not yet effective 

The standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of the Group’s 
financial statements that the Group reasonably expects will have an impact on its disclosures, financial position 
or performance when applied at a future date, are disclosed below. The Group intends to adopt these standards 
when they become effective. Of the other standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, as 
these are not expected to impact the Group, they have not been listed. 

- Amendments to IAS 1: Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current. The amendments to IAS 1 to 
specify the requirements for classifying liabilities as current or non-current. 
- Amendments to IAS 16: Property, Plant and Equipment: Proceeds before Intended Use. Under the amendment, 
proceeds from selling items before the related item of PPE is available for use should be recognized in profit or 
loss, together with the costs of producing those items.  
- Amendments to IAS 37: Onerous Contracts – Costs of Fulfilling a Contract. Under the amendment, when 
assessing whether a contract is onerous or loss-making, an entity needs to include both the direct costs as well as 
incremental costs and an allocation of costs directly related to contract activities.  
- Amendments to IFRS 9:  Fees in the ’10 per cent’ test for derecognition of financial liabilities  The amendment 
to IFRS 9 clarifies the fees that an entity includes when assessing whether the terms of a new or modified 
financial liability are substantially different from the terms of the original financial liability to determine 
whether to derecognise the existing financial liability.  
- Amendments to IFRS 3: Reference to the Conceptual Framework. The amendments are intended to replace a 
reference to the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements, issued in 1989, to an 
updated version issued in 2018 without significantly changing its requirements.    
- Additionally IFRS 17 Insurance contracts and amendments to IFRS 1 and IAS 41 have been issued but they 
will not have an impact on Afarak Group financial statements.  

The new and amended standards that become effective of 1 January 2022 or later are not expected to have an 
impact on Afarak Group Oyj consolidated financial statements. 

1.3 GOING CONCERN 

Price and market have finally recovered which helped the Specialty Alloys segment performance return to 
profits. As long as no major  disruptions occur ,  due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, both stainless steel and 
special steel producers will continue to fill up their order books. LC FeCr prices have increased by around 20% 
when comparing the average prices in H1 2021 with H2 2021. These prices continued to increase in the first 
months of 2022 and our order books are filling up quickly.  

The unprofitable operations in South Africa have been discontinued, and our mining activity is still reduced.  

The Group restructured a short-term commercial debt into a longer-term arrangement.  

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The company is actively pursuing new funding opportunities via some divesting opportunities. All in all, the 
management and board are positive about the future of Afarak.  

It is still unknown whether the COVID-19 epidemic would create any further damage that cannot be forecasted 
at this moment. Also recent geopolitical developments may impact the continuity of economic activities, on a 
global level. 

1.4 BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND ACQUISTION OF NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS 

1.4.1 Financial Year 2021 

During the first half of 2021, Afarak acquired a further 20% of the shares in Chromex Mining Company (Pty) 
Ltd, in exchange for total consideration of 7,088,608 shares in Afarak Group Plc. Afarak now holds 94% 
interest in the company.   

1.4.2 Financial Year 2020 

Afarak did not carry out any acquisitions during the financial year 2020.  

1.5 IMPAIRMENT TESTING 

General principles of impairment testing 

Afarak  Group has  carried  out  impairment  testing  on  goodwill  and  other  assets  as  of  31  December  2021.  The 
following cash generating units were defined for the impairment testing: 

- 

- 

Speciality  Alloys  business  (Türk  Maadin  Sirketi  and  Elektrowerk  Weisweiler)  with  a  vertically 
integrated mining-beneficiation-smelting-sales operation in the specialty grade ferrochrome business;  

South African mining business (Mecklenburg, Valkpoort and Zeerust); 

The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is any indication that assets may be impaired. 
If  any  such  indication  exists,  the  recoverable  amount  of  these  assets  is  estimated.  Moreover,  the  recoverable 
amount of any goodwill and unfinished investment projects will be estimated annually, irrespective of whether 
there is an indication of impairment. The South African mining business did not have any goodwill at the end of 
the financial year 2021. 

During 2021, there were no indication of impairment at both the Speciality Alloys business and the South 
African mining business. 

The Vlakpoort mine and Zeerust mine were not tested for impairment as there were no indication of impairment. 

Changes in goodwill during 2021 

During the financial year 2021, the total goodwill of the Group decreased by EUR 3.9 million to a total of EUR 
46.0 million. The decrease was attributable to an exchange rate movement of EUR 3.9 million related to 
Goodwill.  

In 2014, the synergy goodwill identified in the Mogale acquisition, related to Afarak Trading acting as a global 
sales entity for the whole Group, was initially allocated to Speciality Alloys segment. Afarak Trading 
contribution is divided to both segments to reflect the nature of serving the whole Group. It is allocated to both 
segments based on their relative revenue, reflecting the volume of Afarak Trading related benefits enjoyed by 
the CGU. The changes are described below: 

EUR '000 

Speciality Alloys 
Business 

FerroAlloys 
Business 

Group 
Total 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill 1.1.2021 
Exchange rate movement 

Goodwill 31.12.2021 

42,105 
3,924 

46,029 

0.0 
0.0 

0.0 

42,105 
3,924 

46,029 

The changes in goodwill during 2020 are presented below: 

EUR '000 

Goodwill 1.1.2020 
Exchange rate movement 

Goodwill 31.12.2020 

Speciality Alloys 
Business 

FerroAlloys 
Business 

Group 
Total 

45,414 
-3,310 

42,105 

0.0 
0.0 

0.0 

45,414 
-3,310 

42,105 

Goodwill as a ratio of the Group’s equity on 31 December 2021 and 31 December 2020 was as follows: 

EUR '000 

Goodwill 

Equity 

Goodwill/Equity, % 

Impairment on long term assets 

31.12.2021 

31.12.2020 

46,029 

43,439 

94.4% 

42,105 

29,806 

141.3% 

In 2021, there were no impairment write down on other long term assets. 

Methodology applied in impairment testing 

For the cash generating units that were tested, the test was carried out by calculating their value in use. Value in 
use has been calculated by discounting estimated future net cash flows based on the conditions and assumptions 
prevailing at the time of the testing. Future cash flows for the Speciality Alloys minerals processing have been 
projected for a five-year period, after which a growth rate equaling projected long-term inflation has been applied 
(Speciality Alloys: 2%). For the terminal year after the five-year estimation period, the essential assumptions (e.g. 
revenue, variable costs and fixed costs) have been based at the estimation period’s previous year’s figures. Future 
cash flows for the South African mining business have been projected for the life of mine with a 6.0% growth rate 
equaling projected long-term inflation has been applied. 

The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) has been calculated separately for each cash generating unit and 
assets being tested, taking into account each business’s typical capital structures, investors’ average required rate 
of return for similar investments and company size and operational location related factors, as well as risk-free 
interest rates and margins for debt financing. The Group has used publicly available information on the peer group 
companies’ capital structure, risk premium and other factors. The market interest rates reflect the rates applicable 
on 31 December 2021. 

The information used in the 31 December 2021 impairment testing is based on business units’ management future 
forecasts, on general third-party industry expert or analyst reports where available, and to the extent possible on 
the current business and asset base excluding any non-committed expansion plans. Forecasted sales volumes and 
profitability are based on the management’s view on future development while also taking past performance into 
account. Price forecasts are based on forecasted prices for all cash generating units, but South African mining 
business USD-based price forecast was adjusted for assumed Rand devaluation. The management’s approach in 
preparing cash flow forecasts has not changed significantly from the previous impairment testing. 

The  underground  production  in  the  models  of  the  South  African  mining  business  does  not  solely  come  from 
reserves, as some come from resources that are not yet converted to reserves. This increases the risk that some of 
the grades may differ, and tonnes could possibly not be economically extractable. There is also the risk that costs 
could be different than anticipated even though due care was taken in the cost evaluation. 

These pre-tax discount rates applied in 2021 impairment testing were the following:  

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Generating Unit 

       Pre-tax discount rate  

Speciality Alloys   
South African mines 

-  Mecklenburg mine 

2021 
11.7% 

2020 
11.7% 

26.6% 

33.1% 

The key reasons for the changes in the discount rates compared to 2021 were the changes in risk-free interest rates 
in both cash-generating units. 

The  cash  flows  in  the  Mecklenburg  mine  impairment  test  review  includes  both  opencast  and  underground 
operation. The Mecklenburg model has a life of mine of 10 years. 

The results of impairment testing have been evaluated by comparing the cash generating units’ recoverable amount 
to the corresponding carrying amount based on the following judgment rules: 

Recoverable amount divided by the carrying amount: 
< 100%   
101-120% 
121-150% 
> 150%   

Conclusion: 
Impairment 
Slightly above 
Clearly above 
Significantly above 

Test results 31 December 2021 

The impairment test results were as follows:  

Cash generating unit 

Goodwill 
(MEUR), 
pre-testing 

Goodwill 
(MEUR),  post-
testing 

Speciality Alloys 

46.1 

46.1 

South African Mines 

Carrying 
amount  
(MEUR),  pre-
testing 
51.8 

Conclusion 

Significantly above 

-  Mecklenburg 

0.0 

0.0 

16.6 

Clearly above 

The testable asset base (carrying amount) includes goodwill, intangible and tangible assets and net working capital 
less provisions and deferred tax liabilities (in relation to purchase price allocation entries). 

Key  background  and  assumptions  used  in  the  cash  flow  forecasts  of  the  impairment  testing  process  are 
summarised in the following table: 

Cash generating unit 

Sales volume 

Sales prices 

Costs 

Speciality Alloys business 

FeCr: 
27,500 t/a 

South African mining 
business: Mecklenburg 
mine 

ROM: 
Underground mining of 
20,000t in 2023; 177,000t 
om 2024; and is planned to 
increase to an average of 
539,000t/a as from 2025 to 
2032 

LC/ULC 
ferrochrome  with 
average  Cr  content  of  70  %, 
based on forecasted prices 
SA Concentrate & SA 
Lumpy prices are based on 
forecasted prices 

Raw material costs generally change 
in line with sales price; other costs 
growing at inflation rate 
The costs for underground are 
based on past experiences of our 
mining team in underground 
operations adjusted for inflation 
rate. The cost over the life of 
mine excluding inflation is 
estimated to be ZAR 677 per 
saleable ton of chrome. 

Moreover,  the  USD/ZAR  foreign  exchange  rate  affects  significantly  the  testing  of  the  South  African  mining 
business. The foreign exchange rate used in the test was 15.5 for the year 2021. 

Sensitivity analysis of the impairment tests 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
The Group has analysed the sensitivity of the impairment test results by estimating how the essential assumptions 
should change in order for the recoverable amount to be equal to the carrying amount. The results of this sensitivity 
analysis as of 31 December 2021 are given below: 

Cash generating unit 

Speciality Alloys 
South African mining 
business: 

Change in pre-tax 
discount rate 
(compared to the level 
used in testing) 
19.6% - points 

Change in free cash 
flow (annual average) 

Change in CGU’s 
average EBITDA 
margin  

-64.9% 

-7.7% - points 

-  Mecklenburg mine 

3.6% - points 

-23.0% 

-11.5% - points 

1.6 OPERATING SEGMENTS 

Afarak  Group  has  two  operating  segments,  FerroAlloys  and  Speciality  Alloys,  which  are  also  the  reporting 
segments. The operating segments are organised based on their products and production processes. The current 
reporting structure was adopted in 2011. The Group’s executive management reviews the operating results of the 
segments  for  the  purpose  of  making  decisions  on  resource  allocation  and  performance  assessment.  Segment 
performance is measured based on revenue as well as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation 
(EBITDA)  as  included  in  the  internal  management  reports  and  defined  consistently  with  the  consolidated 
EBITDA.  

The FerroAlloys business consists of the Vlakpoort mine, Zeerust mine and Mecklenburg mine in South Africa. 
The business produces chrome ore for sale to global markets. 

The  Speciality  Alloys  business  consists  of  Türk  Maadin  Şirketi  A.S  (“TMS”),  the  mining  and  beneficiation 
operation in Turkey, and Elektrowerk Weisweiler GmbH (“EWW”), the chromite concentrate processing plant in 
Germany.  TMS  supplies  EWW  with  high  quality  chromite  concentrate  which  produces  speciality  products 
including specialised low carbon and ultra low carbon ferrochrome. Chrome ore from TMS that is not utilised for 
the production of specialised low carbon ferrochrome is sold to the market. 

The revenue and costs of the Group’s sales and marketing arm Afarak Trading Ltd (“ATL”)is allocated to the 
segments in proportion to their sales. Afarak’s other operations, including the Group’s headquarters and other 
Group companies that do not have significant operations, are presented as unallocated items. 

Intercompany transactions are carried out on an arm’s length basis. The transactions between the segments have 
been limited but the parent company has provided funding and administrative services to the Group’s subsidiaries. 

The accounting policies applied in the operating segment information are the same as those in the consolidated 
financial statements.  

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating segment information 2021 

Year ended 
Speciality 
31.12.2021                                
Alloys 
EUR '000 

Ferro 
Alloys 

Segments 
total 

Unallocated 
items 

   Eliminations 

Consolidated 
Group 

External revenue 
Rendering of 

services 

Sale of goods 

Total external 
revenue 
Inter-segment 
revenue 
Total revenue 

Segment 
EBITDA 

Depreciation and 
amortisation 
Impairment 

Segment 
operating profit / 
(loss) 

Finance income 
Finance cost 
Income taxes 

(Loss)/profit for 
the period from 
continuing 
operations 

(Loss)/profit for 
the period from 
discontinued 
operations 

(Loss)/profit for 
the period 

0    
77,824    

13 
1,750 

13    
79,574    

77,824    

1,763    

79,587    

669    
0    

669    

0    
0    

0    

441    
78,265    

0    
1,763    

441    
80,028    

2,220    
2,890    

-2,661  ¹ 
-2,661    

683 
79,574 

80,256 

0 
80,256 

9,181   

-942   

8,240   

-2,300   

0   

5,940 

-1,343   

-472   
2,968   

-1,814   
2,968 

-271   
0 

0   
0 

-2,086 
2,968 

7,839   

1,554   

9,393   

-2,571   

0   

6,822 

6,725 
-10,670 
-2,268 

610 

8,396 

9,006 

Segment's assets 2    

133,046   

49,055   

182,100   

9,210   

-44,960   

146,350 

Segment's 
liabilities 2 

Other disclosures 
Capital 
expenditure 3 

80,062   

47,522   

127,584   

37,260   

-61,933   

102,911 

770   

39   

809   

135   

0   

943 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
     
     
     
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
     
     
  
  
     
     
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Provisions 4 

1,311   

9,175   

10,487   

1,450   

0   

11,937 

Inter-segment items are eliminated on consolidation. 

1. 
2.  The assets and liabilities of the segments represent items that these segments use in their activities or that can 

be reasonably allocated to them. 
Investments consist of increases in tangible and intangible assets whose life is longer than one financial year. 

3. 
4.  Balance sheet values. 

Operating segment information 2020 

Year ended 
Speciality 
31.12.2020                                
Alloys 
EUR '000 

Ferro 
Alloys 

Segments 
total 

Unallocated 
items 

   Eliminations 

Consolidated 
Group 

External revenue 
Rendering of 

services 

Sale of goods 

Total external 
revenue 
Inter-segment 
revenue 
Total revenue 

Segment 
EBITDA 

Depreciation and 
amortisation 
Impairment 

Segment 
operating profit / 
(loss) 

Finance income 
Finance cost 
Income taxes 

(Loss)/profit for 
the period from 
continuing 
operations 

(Loss)/profit for 
the period from 
discontinued 
operations 

(Loss)/profit for 
the period 

Segment's assets 
2 

0 
53,234 

98 
6,028 

98 
59,262 

445 
0 

0 
0 

543 
59,262 

53,234   

6,126   

59,360   

445   

0   

59,805 

0   
53,234   

0   
6,126   

0   
59,360   

1,479   
1,924   

-1,479  ¹ 
-1,479   

0 
59,805 

306   

-1,257   

-951   

-3,099   

0   

-4,050 

-1,641   

-1,004   
-21,515   

-2,644   

-21,515 

19   
0 

0   
0 

-2,626 
-21,515 

-1,335   

-23,776   

-25,110   

-3,080   

0   

-28,192 

8,548 
-12,804 
4,804 

-27,644 

6,073 

-21,571 

126,262   

57,474   

183,736   

15,811   

-56,954   

142,593 

44 

 
  
  
  
     
     
     
    
     
     
   
  
  
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
     
     
     
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
     
     
  
  
     
     
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment's 
liabilities 2 

Other 
disclosures 
Capital 
expenditure 3 
Provisions 4 

78,548   

53,447   

131,995   

38,374   

-57,583   

112,786 

684   
1,413   

472   
8,706   

1,153   
10,119   

1   
1,450   

0   
0   

1,155 
11,569 

1. 
2. 

3. 
4. 

Inter-segment items are eliminated on consolidation. 
The assets and liabilities of the segments represent items that these segments use in their activities or that can 
be reasonably allocated to them. 
Investments consist of increases in tangible and intangible assets whose life is longer than one financial year. 

Balance sheet values. 

Geographical information 

Revenues from external customers 

EUR '000 

2021    

2020 

Other EU countries 
United States 
China 
Africa 
Finland 
Other countries 
Total revenue 

53,022   
15,200   
0   
837   
120   
11,077   
80,256   

30,389 
18,341 
455 
5,671 
494 
4,455 
59,805 

Revenue figures are based on the location of the customers. 

The  largest  customer of  the Group  is  in  the  Speciality  Alloys  business  segment  and  represents  approximately 
14.3% (6.4%) of the Group’s revenue in 2021.  

Non-current assets 

EUR '000 

Africa 
Other EU countries 
Other countries 
Total 

2021    

2020 

33,040   
7,764   
3,215   
44,019   

54,703                 

7,975 
5,171 
67,849 

In presenting geographical information, assets are based on the location of the assets. Non-current assets consist 
of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and exclude Goodwill.  

45 

 
  
  
  
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.7 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT 

1. Revenue 

EUR '000 

Sale of goods 
Rendering of services 
Total 

2. Other operating income 

2021 

2020 

79,574 
683 
80,256 

59,262 
543 
59,805 

EUR '000 

2021 

2020 

Gain on disposal of tangible and intangible assets 
Rental income 
Other 
Total 

79 
175   
3,379   
3,633   

206 
203 
924 
1,333 

3. Employee benefits 

EUR '000 

Salaries and wages 
Share-based payments 
Pensions costs 
Other employee related costs 
Total 

2021 

2020 

-14,308   
-112   
-39   
-1,680   
-16,139   

-13,710 
-60 
-99 
-1,563 
-15,432 

Average personnel during the accounting period 

2021 

2020 

Speciality Alloys business 
FerroAlloys business 
Group Management  
Other operations * 
Total 

505   
42   
5    
15   
567    

529 
179 
5 
34 
747 

Personnel at the end of the accounting period 

2021 

2020 

Speciality Alloys business 
FerroAlloys business 
Group Management  
Other operations * 
Total 

471    
14    
5    
13   
503    

516 
83 
5 
17 
621 

* Other operations mainly relate to Magnohrom, in Serbia 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
  
  
 
4. Depreciation, amortisation and impairment 

EUR '000 

2021 

2020 

Depreciation / amortisation by asset category 
Intangible assets 

Other intangible assets 

Total 

Property, plant and equipment 
Buildings and constructions 
Machinery and equipment 
Other tangible assets 
Right-of-use assets 

Total 

-111   
-111   

-541   
-1,031   
-404   
0   
-1,975   

-100 
-100 

-30 
-1,389 
-1,000 
-107 
-2,526 

Impairment by asset category 

Impairment write-down on long term assets 

Total 

2,968 
2,968 

-21,515 
-21,515 

5. Other operating expenses 

EUR '000 

2021 

2020 

Loss on disposal of intangibile assets, property, plant and 
equipment 
Loss on disposal of investments 
Rental costs 
External services1 
Travel expenses 
Other operating expenses 
Total 

-139   
-645   
-324   
-2,165   
-143   
-3,134   
-6,550   

0 
0 
-173 
-2,574 
-159 
-3,337 
-6,243 

1. Audit fees paid to Tietotili totalled EUR 389 (2020: to EY EUR 878) thousand in the financial year. The fees 
for non-audit services totalled EUR 42 (2020: to EY EUR 67) thousand. 

6. Financial income and expense 

EUR '000 

2021    

2020 

Finance income 
Interest income on loans and trade receivables 
Foreign exchange gains 
Other finance income 
Total 

Finance expense 
Interest expense on financial liabilities measured at amortised cost 
Foreign exchange losses 
Unwinding of discount, provisions 
Other finance expenses 

86 
6,461 
178 
6,725   

-1,938 
-7,291 
-872 
-568 

73 
8,466 
9 
8,548 

-1,624 
-9,238 
-1,315 
-626 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total 

Net finance expense 

-10,670   

-12,804 

-3,944   

-4,256 

The interest expense on financial liabilities measured at amortised cost in both 2021 and 2020, include an 
accrual for interest on prepayment received in relation to the off-take agreement. 

7. Income taxes 

EUR '000 

Income tax for the period 
Deferred taxes 
Total 

EUR '000 

Profit / (loss) before taxes 

Income tax calculated at parent company income tax rate 

Difference between domestic and foreign tax rates 
Tax credit 
Items recognised only for taxation purposes 
Income tax for previous years 
Income from JV and associates  
Impairment losses 
Deferred tax asset write-offs 
Tax losses not recognised as deferred tax assets 

Non-tax deductible expenses 
Previously unrecognised tax losses now recognised 

Total adjustments 

Income tax recognised 

2021    

2020 

-3,394   
1,127   
-2,268   

-1,826 
6,630 
4,804 

2021    

2020 

2,878   

-576   

1,162   
0   
304   
-200   
0   
594   
-2,390   
-3,331   
-1,112   
3,282   

-1,692   

-2,268   

-32,448 

6,490 

6,781 
0 
1,153 
-1,281 
0 
-4,303 
-740 
-5,540 
-839 
3,083 

-1,686 

4,804 

On 31 December 2021 the Group companies had unused tax losses totalling EUR 41.8 (2020: 47.6) million for 
which the Group has not recognised deferred tax assets. In 2020, a tax audit at TMS covering years 2013-2015 
resulted in a tax increase of Eur 903 thousand. The company has appealed the decision.  

8. Discontinuing operation 

On 16th September 2020 the Business Rescue Plan which provided the plan for the disposal of the assets of 
Afarak Mogale (Pty) Ltd was approved. This led to Afarak Group loss of control on its subsidiary Afarak 
Mogale (Pty) Ltd, and as a result the Mogale business was reclassified to discontinued operation in the 
consolidated financial statements of Afarak Group. 

Afarak Group reclassified Afarak Mogale (Pty) Ltd’s previously reported income statement figures as 
discontinued operations in 2020. As from September 2020 Afarak Group is no longer consolidating Afarak 
Mogale (Pty) ltd. 

In the consolidated income statement, continuing and discontinued operations are presented separately. 
Discontinued operations are presented as their own line item and comparative information has been adjusted 
accordingly. 

Profit from discontinued operations in 2021, amounted to EUR 8.4 (6.1) million arising from the transaction.  

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial information related to the result of the discontinued operation until Afarak’s loss of control of Mogale 
in 2020 is presented below. 

EUR '000 

Revenue 

Other operating income 
Operating expenses 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Impairment 

Operating loss 

Financial income and expense 

Profit / (loss) before tax 

Income tax 

Profit / (loss) on discontinued operations, restated 

Net balance sheet impact of discontinued operation 
Impact of internal items 
Circulation of translation difference 
Results of the discontinued operation 

Earnings per share calculated from the review period profit for 
owners of the Company 
Basic earnings per share (EUR) 
Diluted earnings per share (EUR) 

Net assets of discontinued operation 

1.1.-31.12.2020 

16,628 

228 
-17,810 
-975 
-4,537 

-6,466 

-5,625 

-12,091 

145 

-11,946 

6,385 
-2,086 
13,719 
6,073 

0.03 
0.03 

EUR '000 

31.12.2020 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Other intangible assets 
Receivables 
Deferred tax assets  

Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

LIABILITIES 
Non-current liabilities 
Deferred tax liabilities 
Interest-bearing debt (non-current) 

5,118 
286 
536 
13 
5,953 

4,839 
2,404 
1,201 
8,444 

14,397 

13 
3,793 

49 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Provisions 
Interest-bearing debt 

Total liabilities 

Net assets and liabilities 

3,806 

8,923 
6,469 
1,584 
16,976 

20,782 

-6,385 

Cash flows from discontinued operations 

EUR '000 

1.1.-31.12.2020 

Net cash flow from operating activities 
Net cash flow from investing activities 
Net cash flow from financing activities 
Net cash flow for the period 

9. Earnings per share 

-10,904 
-7 
-278 
-11,189 

2021 

2020 

Continuing 
operations 

Discontinued 
operations 

Total 

Continuing 
operations 

Discontinued 
operations 

Total 

610 

8,396 

9,006 

-23,745 

6,073 

-17,672 

244,484 

244,484 

244,484 

238,488 

238,488 

238,488 

0.00 

0.03 

0.04 

-0.10 

0.03 

-0.07 

2021 

2020 

Continuing 
operations 

Discontinued 
operations 

Total 

Continuing 
operations 

Discontinued 
operations 

Total 

610 

8,396 

9,006 

-23,745 

6,073 

-17,672 

244,484 

244,484 

244,484 

238,488 

238,488 

238,488 

1,263 

1,263 

1,263 

2,915 

2,915 

2,915 

245,747 

245,747 

245,747 

241,403 

241,403 

241,403 

0.00 

0.03 

0.04 

-0.10 

0.03 

-0.07 

Profit attributable to owners 
of the parent company (EUR 
'000) 
Weighted average number 
of shares, basic (1 000) 
Basic earnings per share 
(EUR) total 

Profit attributable to owners 
of the parent company (EUR 
'000) 
Weighted average number 
of shares, basic (1 000) 
Effect of share options on 
issue (1 000) 
Weighted average number 
of shares, diluted (1 000) 
Diluted earnings per share 
(EUR) total 

Basic  earnings  per  share  is  calculated  by  dividing  profit  attributable  to  the  owners  of  the  parent  company  by 
weighted average number of shares during the financial year.  

When  calculating  the  diluted  earnings  per  share,  all  convertible  securities  with  a  potential  dilutive  effect  are 
assumed to be converted into shares. Share options have a dilutive effect if the exercise price is lower than the 
share price. The diluted number of shares is the number of shares that will be issued free of charge when share 
options are exercised since with the funds received from exercising options, the Company is not able to issue the 
same number of shares at fair value. The fair value of shares is based on average share price of the period. 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.8 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

10. Property, plant and equipment 

Land and 
water 
property 

Buildings 
and 
constructions 

Machinery 
and 
equipment 

Mines and 
mineral 
assets 

Other 
tangible 
assets 

EUR '000 

Balance at 1.1.2021 
Additions 
Discontinued operation 
Disposals 
Reclass between items 
Effect of movements in exchange rates 

Balance at 31.12.2021 

Accumulated depreciation and 
impairment 1.1.2020 
Depreciation 
Impairment 
Discontinued operation 
Disposals 
Reclassbetween items 
Effect of movements in exchange rates 

Accumulated depreciation and 
impairment at 31.12.2021 

Carrying amount at 1.1.2021 
Carrying amount at 31.12.2021 

Balance at 1.1.2020 
Additions 
Discontinued operation 
Disposals 
Reclass between items 
Effect of movements in exchange rates 

Balance at 31.12.2020 

Accumulated depreciation and 
impairment 1.1.2020 
Depreciation 
Impairment 
Discontinued operation 
Disposals 
Effect of movements in exchange rates 

Accumulated depreciation and 
impairment at 31.12.2020 

1,967 
0 
0 
0 
0 
-3 
1,964 
0 

0 
0 
0 
159 
0 
0 
0 

1,967 
1,964 

2,303 
0 
-139 
-4 
0 
-193 

1,967 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

4,816 
22 
0 
-308 
0 
-623 
3,907 
-2,985 

-541 
0 
0 
5,677 
0 
334 
-3,033 

1,831 
874 

8,386 
0 
-2,572 
-14 
0 
-984 

4,816 

40,645 
561 
0 
-12,000 
-5,330 
-12,802 
11,074 
-26,718 

-1,031 
0 
0 
0 
5,330 
12,059 
-4,683 

13,927 
6,391 

73,974 
746 
-24,567 
-414 
0 
-9,094 

40,645 

69,984 
344 
0 
-14,422 
0 
-2,597 
53,309 
-28,066 

-389 
0 
0 
51 
0 
2,286 
-26,169 

41,918 
27,140 

80,959 
243 
0 
0 
0 
-11,216 

69,986 

2,154 
0 
0 
-56 
146 
-1 
2,243 
-178 

-15 
0 
0 
5,887 
0 
1 
-141 

1,976 
2,102 

5,163 
0 
-2,141 
-6 
-237 
-626 

2,153 

Total 

119,566 
927 
0 
-26,786 
-5,184 
-16,026 
72,497 
-57,947 

-1,976 
0 
0 
159 
5,330 
14,680 
-34,026 

61,619 
38,471 

170,785 
989 
-29,419 
-438 
-237 
-22,113 

119,567 

-4,531 

-46,350 

-6,453 

-2,653 

-59,987 

-170 
0 
1,249 
4 
463 

-2,264 
0 
15,926 
317 
5,653 

-980 
-21,515 
0 
0 
880 

-78 
0 
1,961 
6 
585 

-3,492 
-21,515 
19,136 
327 
7,581 

-2,985 

-26,718 

-28,068 

-179 

-57,950 

Carrying amount at 1.1.2020 
Carrying amount at 31.12.2020 

2,303 
1,967 

3,855 
1,831 

27,624 
13,927 

74,506 
41,918 

2,510 
1,974 

110,798 
61,617 

Machinery and equipment include the prepayments made for them.  

Property, plant and equipment include right of use asset EUR 0.2 (2020: 0.4) and a depreciation of EUR 0.1 
(2020: 0.1) million. 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. Intangible assets 

EUR '000 

Goodwill 

Intangible 
assets 
identified 
in 
acquisitions 

Other 
intangible 
assets  

Exploration 
and 
evaluation 
assets  

Total 

Balance at 1.1.2021 
Additions 
Disposals                     
Reclass between items 
Effect of movements in exchange 
rates 

93,329 
0 
0 
-51,225 
3,924 

96,406 
0 
0 
-28,687 
5,185 

7,631 
16 
-721 
20 
-349 

1,573 
0 
0 
0 
-66 

198,939 
16 
-721 
-79,892 
8,694 

Balance at 31.12.2021 

46,028 

72,904 

6,597 

1,507 

127,036 

Accumulated amortisation and 
impairment at 1.1.2021 
Amortisation 
Disposals 
Reclass between items 
Effect of movements in exchange 
rates 

Accumulated amortisation and 
impairment at 31.12.2021 

Carrying amount at 1.1.2021 
Carrying amount at 31.12.2021 

Balance at 1.1.2020 
Additions 
Disposals                     
Effect of movements in exchange 
rates 

-51,225 

-96,406 

-2,789 

-184 

-150,604 

0 
0 
51,225 
0 

0 
0 
28,687 
-5,185 

-92 
173 
0 
347 

-20 
0 
0 
6 

-112 
173 
79,912 
-4,832 

0 

-72,904 

-2,361 

-198 

-75,463 

42,104 
46,028 

100,918 
0 
0 

0 
0 

106,224 
0 
0 

4,842 
4,236 

8,644 
118 
-2 

1,389 
1,309 

1,770 
48 
0 

48,335 
51,573 

217,556 
166 
-2 

-7,588 

-9,818 

-1,128 

-245 

-18,779 

Balance at 31.12.2020 

93,330 

96,406 

7,632 

1,573 

198,941 

Accumulated amortisation and 
impairment at 1.1.2020 
Amortisation 
Disposals 
Effect of movements in exchange 
rates 

Accumulated amortisation and 
impairment at 31.12.2020 

-55,504 

-106,224 

-3,220 

-185 

-165,133 

0 
0 

0 
0 

4,279 

9,818 

-82 
1 

512 

-25 
0 

26 

-107 
1 

14,635 

-51,225 

-96,406 

-2,789 

-184 

-150,604 

Carrying amount at 1.1.2020 
Carrying amount at 31.12.2020 

45,414 
42,105 

0 
0 

5,424 
4,843 

1,585 
1,389 

52,423 
48,337 

Other intangible assets include the prepayments made for them. Exploration and evaluation assets consist of 
mine projects in various mining projects in Turkey and South Africa. 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Investments in associates 

Afarak has an investment of 8.99% (2020: 8.99%) in Valtimo Components Oyj. 

During the financial year 2021 and 2020, Afarak did not acquire or dispose holdings in associates. 

13. Financial assets and liabilities  

31.12.2021, EUR '000 

Non-current financial assets 

Non-current interest-bearing receivables 

Trade and other receivables * 

Current financial assets 

Trade and other receivables * 

Other financial assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 

At fair value 
through profit 
and loss 

At fair value 
through other 
comprehensive 
income 

At amortised 
cost 

Carrying 

value  Fair value 

106 

26 

106 

26 

106 

26 

29,112 

29,112 

29,112 

411 

6,287 

411 

6,287 

411 

6,287 

Total financial assets 

35,942 

35,942 

35,942 

Non-current financial liabilities 

Non-current interest-bearing liabilities 

Other non-current liabilities 

Current financial liabilities 

Current interest-bearing liabilities 

Trade and other payables * 

17,749 

17,749 

17,749 

28 

28 

28 

20,762 

17,884 

20,762 

17,884 

20,762 

17,884 

Total financial liabilities 

56,423 

56,423 

56,423 

* Non-financial assets and liabilities are not included in the figures. 

31.12.2020, EUR '000 

Non-current financial assets 

Non-current interest-bearing receivables 

Trade and other receivables * 

Current financial assets 

Trade and other receivables * 

Other financial assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 

At fair value 
through profit 
and loss 

At fair value 
through other 
comprehensive 
income 

At amortised 
cost 

Carrying 

value  Fair value 

232 

29 

232 

29 

232 

29 

9,758 

412 

1,098 

9,758 

412 

1,098 

9,758 

412 

1,098 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Total financial assets 

11,528 

11,528 

11,528 

Non-current financial liabilities 

Non-current interest-bearing liabilities 

Other non-current liabilities 

Current financial liabilities 

Current interest-bearing liabilities 

Trade and other payables * 

34,589 

34,589 

34,589 

33 

33 

33 

14,725 

9,814 

14,725 

14,725 

9,814 

9,814 

Total financial liabilities 

59,161 

59,161 

59,161 

* Non-financial assets and liabilities are not included in the figures. 

Carrying amounts at the end of the reporting period 
Level 3 

Level 2 

Level 1 

Carrying amounts at the end of the reporting period 
Financial assets at 
fair value 

Level 1 

Level 1 

Fair value hierarchy 

31.12.2021, EUR '000 

Financial assets at fair value 

Derivatives 

Other financial assets 

Total 

Available-for-sale financial assets 

Other financial assets 

Financial liabilities at fair value 

Derivatives 

Total 

31.12.2020, EUR '000 

Financial assets at fair value 

Derivatives 

Other financial assets 

Total 

Available-for-sale financial assets 

Other financial assets 

Financial liabilities at fair value 

Derivatives 

Total 

31.12.2021, EUR '000 

Level 3 reconciliation 

Acquisition cost at 1.1.2021 

Acquisition cost at 31.12.2021 

Accumulated impairment losses at 1.1.2021 

Accumulated impairment losses at 31.12.2021 

Carrying amount at 31.12.2021 

31.12.2020, EUR '000 

Level 3 reconciliation 

54 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
Acquisition cost at 1.1.2020 

Acquisition cost at 31.12.2020 

Accumulated impairment losses at 1.1.2020 

Accumulated impairment losses at 31.12.2020 

Carrying amount at 31.12.2020 

Interest-bearing debt       

EUR '000 

2021    

2020 

Non-current 
Bank loans 
Acquisition of NCI liability 
Finance lease liabilities 
Other interest-bearing liabilities 
Total 

Current 
Bank loans 
Finance lease liabilities 
Cheque account with overdraft facility                               
Other interest-bearing liabilities (*) 
Total 

21 
1,713   
296   
15,719   
17,749   

2,872   
7   
0   
17,884   
20,762   

0 
0 
319 
34,270 
34,589 

2,928 
50 
4,162 
7,586 
14,725 

EUR '000 

2021    

2020 

Finance lease liabilities, minimum lease payments 
No later than 1 year 
Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years 

Finance lease liabilities, present value of minimum lease payments 
No later than 1 year 
Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years 

Future finance charges 

Total minimum lease payments 

7   
296   
302   

7   
296   
302   

0 

302 

50 
319 
369 

50 
319 
369 

0 

369 

* Other interest-bearing liabilities include a short-term commercial debt which has been negotiated into a 
longer-term arrangement after the reporting period. 

55 

 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities 

1 January 
2021 

EUR '000 

Cash 
flows  
 EUR 
'000  

Foreign 
exchange 
movement 

Acquisition  

 EUR '000  

 EUR '000  

Reclassification  Discontinued 

operation 

EUR '000 

EUR '000 

31 
December 
2021 

 EUR '000  

 Other  
 EUR 
'000  

 34,270    

-436    

 14,675    
 369    

-3,797    
-44    

- 

- 
 -      

 1,052    

-261    
-23    

-17,454    

 17,454    

- 

- 

-0   

 17,432    

-4,162    

- 

-3,153    
22    

 20,756    
324 

 49,314    

-4,277    

 -      

 768    

 -      

-4,162    

-3,153    

 38,511    

Non-current 
borrowings 
Current borrowings 
Lease liabilities 

Total liabilities 
from financing 
activities 

1 January 
2020 

EUR '000 

Cash 
flows  
 EUR 
'000  

Foreign 
exchange 
movement 

Acquisition  

 EUR '000  

 EUR '000  

Reclassification  Discontinued 

operation 

EUR '000 

EUR '000 

31 
December 
2020 

 EUR '000  

 Other  
 EUR 
'000  

Non-current 
borrowings 

17,803    

Current borrowings 

41,980    

Lease liabilities 

684    

- 

-440 

-193 

- 

- 

93 

-1,086 

-4,476 

-71 

Total liabilities 
from financing 
activities 

60,466    

-632 

93 

-5,633 

17,454 

- 

100    

34,270 

-17,454 

-4,061 

-874    

 14,675    

- 

0 

- 

 -145    

 369    

-4,061 

-919    

 49,314    

The 'Other' column includes the effect on unwinding interest on the acquisition of non-controlling interest in non-
current borrowings. 

Financial risks and risk management 

The Board of Directors of Afarak Group Plc has outlined the key risks of the Group in the Board of Directors’ 
Report. In the following section, the financial and commodity risks are presented in more detail with the related 
sensitivity analyses.  

Summary of financial assets and loan arrangements 

Financial assets 31 December 2021 

In addition to the operating result and the cash flow generated from it, the factors described below have most 
significantly affected the year-on-year change in the Group’s financial assets at the 2021 closing date:  

On 31 December 2021, the cash and cash equivalents were invested mainly in interest-bearing EUR, ZAR and 
USD denominated bank accounts. Other financial assets comprise interest-bearing loans and other receivables.  

In 2017, the Group has given a corporate guarantee amounting to ZAR 75.0 million as collateral for a lending 
facility of South African Subsidiary which has now been discontinued. During 2020 ABSA has called on this 
corporate guarantee and On 24 August 2021, the Company published that the parties have settled the claim and 
that the District Court of Helsinki has dismissed the claims in their entirety. 

One of the Group’s Turkish subsidiaries has been granted various short term loans in 2021. The loans amount as 
at end of 2021 was of EUR 2.2 (2020: 2.2) million. 

Interest-bearing debt 31 December 2021 

- 

Floating rate loans from financial institutions total EUR 2.2 (2020: 2.2) million. Fixed rate loans total 
EUR 0.7 (2020: 0.7) million. 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
         
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-  The interest rate of the Turkish bank loan facility is tied to the market rate of EURIBOR. The interest rate 
on 31 December 2021, based on market interest rates at that date, was 1.00% (2020: 1.20%). The interest 
rate margin for the fixed rate notes was 0.20% (2020: 0.5%) p.a. 

Capital Management 

The Group’s capital management objective is to maintain the ability to continue as a going concern and to optimise 
the cost of capital in order to enhance value to shareholders. As part of this objective, the Group seeks to maintain 
access to loan and capital markets at all times. The Board of Directors reviews the capital structure of the Group 
on a regular basis. 

Capital structure and debt capacity are taken into account when deciding on new investments. Practical tools to 
manage capital include the application of dividend policy, capital redemption, share buybacks and share issues. 
Debt capital is managed considering the requirement to secure liquidity. The Group’s internal capital structure is 
reviewed  on  a  regular  basis  with  the  aim  of  optimising  the  structure  by  applying  measures  such  as  internal 
dividends and equity adjustments.  

The Group’s long term target for capital structure is to keep the equity ratio above 50%. At the end of the reporting 
period, the Group’s equity ratio stood at 29.7% (2020: 20.9%). 

Financial Risk Management 

In its normal operations, the Group is exposed to various financial risks. The main financial risks are liquidity 
risk,  foreign  exchange  rate  risk,  interest  rate  risk,  credit  risk  and  commodity  price  risk.  The  objective  of  the 
Group’s  risk  management  is  to  identify  and,  to  as  far  as  reasonably  possible,  mitigate  the  adverse  effects  of 
changes in the financial markets on the Group’s results. The general risk management principles are accepted by 
Afarak  Group  Plc’s  Board  of  Directors  and  monitored  by  its  Audit  and  Risk  Management  Committee.  The 
managements  of  the  Group  and  its  subsidiaries’  are  responsible  for  the  implementation  of  risk  management 
policies and procedures. Group management monitors risk positions and risk management procedures on a regular 
basis,  and  supervises  that  the  Group’s policies  and  risk  management  principles  are  followed  in  all day-to-day 
operations. Risks and risk management are regularly reported to the Audit and Risk Management Committee.  

The Group’s significant financial instruments comprise bank loans and overdrafts, off-take agreement, finance 
leases, other long-term liabilities, cash and short-term deposits and money market investments. The main purpose 
of these financial instruments is to finance the Group’s acquisitions and ongoing operations. The Group also has 
various other financial assets and liabilities such as trade receivables and trade payables, which arise directly from 
its operations.  

(i) Liquidity risk 

The Group regularly assesses and monitors its investment and working capital needs and financing, so that it has 
enough liquidity to serve and finance its operations and pay back loans. The availability and flexibility of financing 
are targeted to be guaranteed by using multiple financial institutions in the financing and financial instruments, 
and to agree on financial limit arrangements. 

If the liquidity risks were to be realised, it would probably result in overdue interest expenses and damage the 
relations with suppliers. Consequently, the pricing and other terms for input goods and services and for financing 
could be affected. 

The maturity distribution of the Group debt at the end of the financial year was as follows: 

31.12.2021, EUR '000 

Financial liabilities 

Carrying 
amount 

Contractu
al cash 
flows 

6 months 
or less 

6-12 
months 

1-2 years 

2-5 years 

More than 
5 years 

Secured bank loans 
Finance lease liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Total 

2,872 
302 
47,741 
50,916 

-2,915 
-302 
-47,741 
-50,958 

-2,915 
-3 
-23,531 
-26,449 

0 
-3 
-6,144 
-6,147 

0 
-58 
-8,914 
-8,976 

0 
-101 
0 
-101 

0 
-136 
-9,149 
-9,286 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31.12.2020, EUR '000 

Financial liabilities 

Secured bank loans 
Finance lease liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Bank overdraft 
Acquisition of NCI 
liability 

Total 

Carrying 
amount 

Contractu
al cash 
flows 

6 months 
or less 

6-12 
months 

1-2 years 

2-5 years 

More than 
5 years 

2,928 
369 
50,010 
4,162 

1,717 
59,186 

-2,972 
-369 
-50,651 
-4,162 

-1,717 
-59,870 

-2,972 
-25 
-12,478 
-4,162 

-143 
-19,779 

0 
-25 
-3,615 
0 

-143 
-3,783 

0 
-319 
-25,021 
0 

-286 
-25,626 

0 
0 
0 
0 

-858 
-858 

0 
0 
-9,538 
0 

-286 
-9,824 

(ii) Foreign exchange rate risk 

The Group operates internationally, including in Turkey, Malta and South Africa, and is therefore exposed to 
foreign exchange rate risks. The risks arise both directly from the outstanding commercial cash flows and currency 
positions, and indirectly from changes in competitiveness between various competitors. The foreign exchange 
differences  arising  from  inter-company  loans  designated  as  net  investments  in  foreign  subsidiaries  have  been 
recognised in the translation reserve in the equity.  

The Group is exposed to currency-derived risks that affect its financial results, financial position and cash flows. 
In particular the exchange rates of US Dollar and South African Rand against the Euro have a significant impact 
on the Euro-denominated profitability of the Group. The cash inflows of the business are denominated in US 
Dollars, whereas a significant portion of the costs are denominated in the South African Rand. The fluctuation of 
the South African Rand has a significant impact on the Group’s profit and loss as well as on the Group’s assets 
and liabilities. In its risk management, the Group aims to match its cash inflows and outflows as well as receivables 
and liabilities in terms of the currency in which these items are denominated.  

The following tables present the currency composition of receivables and debt, and changes thereby relative to 
the previous year-end.  

31.12.2021, EUR '000 

Cash and cash equivalents (EUR) 

EUR 
exchange 
rate 

1 

1.1326 

0.84028 

15.2335 

18.0625  117.2747 

EUR 
1,144 

USD 
3,374 

GBP 
20 

TRY 
879 

ZAR 
646 

RSD 
224 

Trade and other receivables (EUR) 
Loans and other financial assets (EUR) 

1,227 
1,680 

13,267 
0 

0 
0 

158 
133 

14,869 
-1,681 

2 
0 

Trade and other current payables (EUR)   
Loans and other liabilities (EUR) 

-2,511 
-296 

-9,782 
-17,885 

0 
-15,719 

-667 
-2,200 

-1,742 
-1,737 

-2 
-702 

Currency exposure, net (EUR) 

1,244 

-11,026 

-15,700 

-1,696 

10,355 

-478 

Currency exposure, net in currency 
('000) 

1,244 

-12,488 

-13,192 

-25,842 

187,043 

-56,031 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
     
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
  
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EUR 
exchange 
rate 

31.12.2020, EUR '000 

Cash and cash equivalents (EUR) 

Trade and other receivables (EUR) 
Loans and other financial assets (EUR) 

1 
EUR 
342 

447 
-8 

1.2271 
USD 
172 

0.89903 
GBP 
24 

9.1131 
TRY 
250 

18.0219 
ZAR 
255 

117.131 
RSD 
54 

7,101 
0 

0 
0 

745 
261 

1,871 
7 

5 
0 

Trade and other current payables (EUR) 
Loans and other liabilities (EUR) 

3,957 
-4,464 

-1,895 
-25,040 

0 
-15,100 

-621 
-2,290 

-3,339 
-1,751 

-1 
-703 

Currency exposure, net (EUR) 

-7,639 

-19,663 

-15,076 

-1,655 

-2,957 

-644 

Currency exposure, net in currency 
('000) 

-7,639 

-24,129 

-13,553 

-15,080 

-53,288 

-75,442 

The  effect  on  the  31  December  2021  currency  denominated  net  assets  which  would  be  caused  by  changes  in 
foreign exchange rates compared with the rates used in the Group consolidation is presented below. Due to the 
high market volatility of the exchange rates, the range of change was kept at +/- 20%. 

31 December 2021 

strengthening 
strengthening 
strengthening 
strengthening 

20% 
15% 
10% 
5% 
0%  no change 
-5%  weakening 
-10%  weakening 
-15%  weakening 
-20%  weakening 

31 December 2020 

strengthening 
strengthening 
strengthening 
strengthening 

20% 
15% 
10% 
5% 
0%  no change 
-5%  weakening 
-10%  weakening 
-15%  weakening 
-20%  weakening 

Derivatives 

USD 
-2,757 
-1,946 
-1,225 
-580 
0 
525 
1,002 
1,438 
1,838 

USD 
-4,916 
-3,470 
-2,185 
-1,035 
0 
936 
1,788 
2,565 
3,277 

GBP 
-3,925 
-2,771 
-1,744 
-826 
0 
748 
1,427 
2,048 
2,617 

GBP 
-3,769 
-2,660 
-1,675 
-793 
0 
718 
1,371 
1,966 
2,513 

TRY 
-424 
-299 
-188 
-89 
0 
81 
154 
221 
283 

TRY 
-414 
-292 
-184 
-87 
0 
79 
150 
216 
276 

ZAR 
2,589 
1,827 
1,151 
545 
0 
-493 
-941 
-1,351 
-1,726 

ZAR 
-739 
-522 
-329 
-156 
0 
141 
269 
386 
493 

RSD 
-119 
-84 
-53 
-25 
0 
23 
43 
62 
80 

RSD 
-161 
-114 
-72 
-34 
0 
31 
59 
84 
107 

The Group’s exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the Group’s operating 
activities (when revenue or expense is denominated in a foreign currency). 

Operative foreign currency derivatives that are valued at fair value on the reporting date cause timing differences 
between the changes in the derivative’s fair values and hedged operative transactions. Changes in fair values for 
derivatives designated to hedge future cash flow but are not accounted for according to the principles of hedge 
accounting  impact  the  Group’s  operating  profit  for  the  financial  year.  The  underlying  foreign  currency 
transactions will realise in future periods. 

59 

 
  
  
     
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
     
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
(iii) Interest rate risk 

The Group is exposed to interest rate risk when Group companies take loans, or make other financing agreements 
or deposits and investments related to liquidity management. In addition, changes in interest rates can alter the 
fair values of the Group’s assets. The Group’s revenue and operative cash flows are mainly independent of the 
changes in market interest rates.  

To manage interest rate risks, the Group has used both fixed and floating rate debt instruments and derivative 
instruments, such as interest rate swaps, when needed. At the end of 2020, the Group’s interest-bearing debt was 
mainly based on floating interest rates; and there were no interest rate swaps in place. The Group aims to match 
the loan maturities with the businesses’ needs and to have the maturities spread over various periods so that the 
Group’s interest rate risks are somewhat diversified. Floating rate financing is mainly tied to the market rates of 
different  countries  (United  Kingdom,  South  Africa),  changes  to  which  will  then  influence  the  Group’s  total 
financing cost and cash flows.  

The short-term interest-bearing receivables of the Group are mainly loan receivables and receivables on past asset 
disposals. The Group’s interest-bearing liabilities have been discussed above. The effects of credit risks for loan 
receivables are explained in more detail in section 1.8. (iv) credit risk. 

The split of interest-bearing debt and receivables, also classified into fixed rate and floating rate instruments on 
31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019 was as follows: 

Interest rate profile of interest-bearing financial instruments 
(EUR '000) 

Fixed rate instruments 

31.12.2021 

31.12.2020 

Financial assets 

Financial liabilities 

Fixed rate instruments, net 

Variable rate instruments 

Financial assets 

Financial liabilities 

Variable rate instruments, net 

0 

0 

0 

127 

-20,762 

-20,635 

0 

0 

0 

372 

-42,176 

-31,947 

Interest-bearing net debt 

-20,635 

-31,947 

The following table presents the approximate effect of changes in market interest rates on the Group’s income 
statement should the deposits’ and loans’ interest rates change. The analysis includes floating rate financial assets 
and liabilities. The sensitivity analysis is illustrative in nature and applicable for the forthcoming 12 month period 
if the period’s asset and liability structure were to be equal to that of 31 December 2020, and if there were no 
changes in exchange rates. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
     
  
  
  
  
    
 
 
 
 
  
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31 December 2021 

Interest rate 
change 

Change in interest 
income 

Change in 
interest 
expense 

Net effect 

-2.00% 
-1.50% 
-1.00% 
-0.50% 
0.00% 
0.50% 
1.00% 
1.50% 
2.00% 

-3 
-2 
-1 
-1 
0 
1 
1 
2 
3 

415 
311 
208 
104 
0 
-104 
-208 
-311 
-415 

413 
310 
206 
103 
0 
-103 
-206 
-310 
-413 

31 December 2020 

Interest rate 
change 

Change in 
interest income 

-2.00% 
-1.50% 
-1.00% 
-0.50% 
0.00% 
0.50% 
1.00% 
1.50% 
2.00% 

(iv) Credit risk 

-5 
-3 
-2 
-1 
0 
1 
2 
3 
5 

Change in 
interest expense 
644 
483 
322 
161 
0 
-161 
-322 
-483 
-644 

Interest rate 
change 

-2.00% 
-1.50% 
-1.00% 
-0.50% 
0.00% 
0.50% 
1.00% 
1.50% 
2.00% 

Credit risk can be realised when the counterparties in commercial, financial or other agreements cannot take care 
of their obligations and thus cause financial damage to the Group. The Group’s operational policies define the 
creditworthiness  requirements  for  customers  and  for  counterparties  in  financial  and  derivative  transactions,  as 
well as the principles followed when investing liquidity. In the case of major sales agreements, the counterparty’s 
credit rating is checked.  

The Group’s key customers are major international stainless steel companies, and a number of specialist agents 
selling to the steel sector, with typically long and successful business histories. Since the customers represent one 
sector of industry, major changes in that industry’s profitability could increase the credit risk. In order to mitigate 
credit risk, the Group credit insure its trade receivables. 

The trade receivables and loan receivables form a major share of the assets, which are exposed to the credit risk. 
Afarak did not present the expected credit losses in tabular format due to minimal credit losses in the historical 
data and including the future credit loss expectations. Additionally, the group collect prepayments from sales 
from its customers. 

As presented in the section 1.8. note 15. The Group’s trade receivables total EUR 13.5 million for financial 
period end 31 December 2021 (2020: 7.7). The Group did not record any loss allowance on trade receivables 
during 2021 and during 2020. The portion of prepaid revenues or portion under trade financing amounts to EUR 
0.3 million on 31.12.2021 (2020: 3.3). The prepaid portion of the trade receivables does not include any 
potential losses.  

The loan receivables amounted to EUR 0.4 million on 31.12.2020 (2019: 0.5). The total potential credit risk for 
the loan receivables is higher than for the trade receivables as the potential risk of default is more concentrated 
with only few lenders. The group estimates the potential credit risk in relation to the loan receivables frequently 
and reports any changes at each reporting period and estimates the possibility for default on a per lender basis.  

61 

 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In 2021 and in 2020, the Group did not recognise a provision on other receivables.  

The credit risk assessment and the method of calculation has remained the same between the financial period 
ending 31.12.2021 and the previous financial period.  

The trade receivables do not pose a credit risk due to concentration, as the sales are diversified to several 
customers.  

Further  information  about  the  expected  credit  loss  can  be  found  in  the  basis  of  preparation  in  section  1.2 
Accounting Principles under “Financial Assets” and “Impairment of financial assets”. 

Other financial assets in prior year were mainly loans receivable from the joint venture.  These loans are now 
eliminated at Group level as these companies are now subsidiary companies. 

The Board of Directors of Afarak Group Plc has determined a cash management policy for the Group’s parent 
company, according to which the excess cash reserves are deposited for a short-term only and with sound financial 
institutions  with  which  the  Group  has  established  business  relations.  The  credit  rating  of  all  significant 
counterparties is analysed from time to time.  

The  maximum  credit  risk  is equal  to  the  carrying  value of  the  receivables  as  of 31  December,  and  is  split  as 
follows: 

Category 

EUR 
000’s 

EUR 
000’s 
31.12.2021  31.12.2020 

Interest-bearing 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Other interest bearing receivables 
Interest-bearing, total 

Interest-free 
Trade receivables 
Other short-term receivables 
Long-term receivables 
Interest-free, total 

Total 

(v) Commodity risks 

6,287 
127 
6,414 

1,098 
232 
1,329 

13,518 
16,005 
26 
29,549 

7,656 
2,514 
29 
10,199 

35,963 

11,528 

The Group is exposed to price risks on various output and input products, materials and commodities, energy costs 
and  disruptive  availability  of  electricity.  Also,  securing  the  availability  of  raw  materials  without  any  serious 
disruptions is vital to its businesses. 

The  price  risks  on  input  materials  and  commodities  are  managed  by  pricing policies  so  that  changes  in  input 
materials and commodities can be moved into sales prices. This, however, is not always possible or there may be 
delays as a result of contractual or competitive reasons. 

The Group’s units that have production operations are exposed to availability, quality and price fluctuations in 
raw materials and commodities. To diminish these risks, the Group’s business units seek to enter into long-term 
agreements with known counterparties; although this is not always possible due to the tradition and practice of 
the business. For the most part, because it is not possible or economically feasible to hedge commodity price risks 
in  the  Group’s  business  sectors  with  derivative  contracts,  the  Group  did  not  have  any  commodity  derivative 
contracts in place as of 31 December 2021. 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sensitivity Analysis - Speciality Alloys business 

The effect of changes in the sales price of special grade ferrochrome, produced by the Group’s Speciality Alloys 
business, to the Group’s operating profit and equity is illustrated below, assuming that the EUR/USD rate were 
constant. The analysis is based on December 2021 price level. Since the products are priced in USD, the exchange 
rate changes could have a major effect on the Group’s profitability in EUR. Full capacity is of 36,000 t/a, and for 
simulation purposes is set at 2021 production of 23,252 t/a. It is also assumed that only one ferrochrome quality 
is  produced.  Various  raw  materials  are  used  in  ferrochrome  production,  including  chrome  concentrate  and 
ferrosilicochrome. The purchase prices of the main raw materials typically move in the same direction as the sales 
prices, although the correlation is not perfect and the timing may differ. In practice, therefore the net effect on the 
Group’s profitability most probably would be lower than shown below. Electricity usage is also substantial, and 
hence changes in electricity prices have a significant effect on profitability; electricity prices do not correlate with 
changes in commodity prices. 

Financial year 2021 

Change in Sales price      

(USD / lb Cr) 

Change in 
Operating Profit 

Change in 
Group's Equity 

4.81 
4.61 
4.41 
4.21 
4.01 
3.80 
3.60 
3.40 
3.20 

20% 
15% 
10% 
5% 
0% 
-5% 
-10% 
-15% 
-20% 

Financial year 2020 

EUR 000’s 
25,377 
19,033 
12,689 
6,344 
0 
-6,344 
-12,689 
-19,033 
-25,377 

EUR 000’s 
24,108 
18,081 
12,054 
6,027 
0 
-6,027 
-12,054 
-18,081 
-24,108 

Change in Sales price      

(USD / lb Cr) 

Change in 
Operating Profit 

Change in 
Group's Equity 

2.36 
2.26 
2.16 
2.06 
1.97 
1.87 
1.77 
1.67 
1.57 

20% 
15% 
10% 
5% 
0% 
-5% 
-10% 
-15% 
-20% 

EUR 000’s 
8,110 
6,082 
4,055 
2,027 
0 
-2,027 
-4,055 
-6,082 
-8,110 

EUR 000’s 
7,704 
5,778 
3,852 
1,926 
0 
-1,926 
-3,852 
-5,778 
-7,704 

Sensitivity Analysis – Mining business 

As a general rule, the Group sells its concentrate production and chrome ore at market prices and normally does 
not enter into forward sales, derivatives or other hedging arrangements to establish a price in advance for the sale 
of its future production. The Group is exposed to the risk of fluctuations in prevailing market commodity prices 
on the mineral products it produces. 

Assuming, for simplicity, an average annual mining activity of 111,614 t/a, and December 2021 price level for 
Chrome Ore, the following table represents a rough proxy of the sales price sensitivities. It should also be taken 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
into account that the profitability of the mining operations can be substantially impacted by changes in the USD 
and ZAR exchange rates, electricity prices and availability of electricity, as well as changes in market prices. 

In practice, therefore the net effect on the Group’s profitability most probably would be lower than shown 
below. Due to the high market volatility the range of change was kept at +/- 20%. 

Financial Year 2021 

Change in Sales price 
(USD/t) 

285.00 
273.13 
261.25 
249.38 
237.50 
225.63 
213.75 
201.88 
190.00 

20% 
15% 
10% 
5% 
0% 
-5% 
-10% 
-15% 
-20% 

Financial Year 2020 

Change in Sales price 
(USD/t) 

201.82 
193.41 
185.00 
176.59 
168.18 
159.77 
151.36 
142.95 
134.55 

20% 
15% 
10% 
5% 
0% 
-5% 
-10% 
-15% 
-20% 

14. Inventories 

EUR '000 

Goods and supplies 
Unfinished products 
Finished products 
Total 

Change in 
Operating 
Profit 
5,302 
3,976 
2,651 
1,325 
0 
-1,325 
-2,651 
-3,976 
-5,302 

Change in 
Operating 
Profit 
10,902 
8,176 
5,451 
2,725 
0 
-2,725 
-5,451 
-8,176 
-10,902 

Change in 
Group's Equity 

3,817 
2,863 
1,909 
954 
0 
-954 
-1,909 
-2,863 
-3,817 

Change in 
Group's Equity 

7,849 
5,887 
3,925 
1,962 
0 
-1,962 
-3,925 
-5,887 
-7,849 

2021    

2020 

5,406   
161   
7,725   
13,292   

3,063 
361 
10,040 
13,464 

15. Trade and other current receivables 

EUR '000 

2021    

2020 

Trade receivables 
Loan receivables 
Prepaid expenses and accrued income 
Income tax receivables 
Other receivables 
Total 

13,518   
411   
2,932   
1,973   
15,991   
34,825   

7,656 
412 
2,955 
1,776 
2,102 
14,901 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and accruals mainly relate to rental contracts, personnel expenses, VAT receivables and 
accrued interest for loans. The values of receivables at the end of the reporting period closely correspond to the 
monetary value of maximum credit risk in the potential case where the counterparties cannot fulfil their 
commitments.  

The Company has lodged a claim against the logistic company for the inventory lost in transit amounting to 
EUR 0.4 million. The matter has been referred to arbitration and, having received legal advice, the directors 
believe that a favourable outcome is very likely. 

The ageing of trade receivables at the end of the reporting period 

EUR '000 

Not past due 
Past due 0-30 days 
Past due 31-60 days 
Past due 61-90 days 
Past due more than 90 days 
Trade receivables total 

2021    

4,685   
1,819   
2,163   
2,681   
2,171   
13,518   

2020 

1,560 
2,697 
568 
1,141 
1,690 
7,656 

The expected credit losses have historically been minimal. Thus the expected credit loss is not material and no 
separate credit loss reserve has been recorded.  

16. Cash and cash equivalents 

EUR '000 

Cash and bank balances 

2021    

5,801   

Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated cash flow statement: 

EUR '000 

Cash and bank balances 
Short-term money market investments 
Total 

2021    

5,801   
486   
6,287   

17. Notes to equity 

2020 

888 

2020 

888 
210 
1,098 

Number of registered 
shares 

Number of shares on 
issue 

Share capital, 
EUR '000 

 31.12.2019 

252,041,814 

238,364,215 

23,642 

Share based on payments (CEO) 
Acquisition of NCI 
31.12.2020 

Share based payments (CEO) 
Acquisition of NCI 
31/12/2021 

252,041,814 

252,041,814 

400,000 
115,000 
238,879,215 

400,000 
7,088,608 
246,367,823 

23,642 

23,642 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There is no nominal value for the Company’s share. 

The equity reserves are described below: 

Share premium reserve 

Related to the old Finnish Companies Act, the Company has a share premium reserve in relation to old share 
issues, where the premium in excess of the par value of the shares subscribed has been recognised in the share 
premium reserve. 

Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve 

Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve comprises other equity investments and subscription price of shares to the 
extent that it is not recognised in the share capital based on a specific decision. 

Translation reserve 

The  translation  reserve  comprises  all  foreign  currency  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of  financial 
statements of foreign operations. 

Treasury shares  

On 31 December 2021, the Company had 5,673,991 (13,162,599) own shares in treasury, which was equivalent 
to 2.25% (5.22%) of the issued shares. The total number of shares outstanding, excluding the treasury shares held 
by the Company on 31 December 2021, was 246,367,823 (238,879,215). 

The Company’s subsidiaries do not hold any of Afarak Group Plc's shares. 

Share Issue Authorisations given to the Board of Directors 

Based on the resolution at the AGM on 22 June 2020, the Board is authorised to issue shares and stock options 
and other special rights that entitle to shares in one or more tranches up to a maximum of 50,000,000 new shares 
or shares owned by the Company. This equates to approximately 19.8 % of the Company's currently registered 
shares. 

The authorization may be used among other things to raise additional finance and enabling corporate and 
business acquisitions or other arrangements and investments of business activity or for employee incentive and 
commitment schemes. By virtue of the authorization, the Board of Directors can decide both on share issues 
against payment and on share issues without payment. The payment of the subscription price can also be made 
with consideration other than money. The authorization contains the right to decide on derogating from 
shareholders' pre-emptive right to share subscriptions provided that the conditions set in the Finnish Companies' 
Act are fulfilled. The authorization replaces all previous authorizations and is valid two (2) years from the 
decision of the Annual General Meeting. 

18. Share-based payments 

In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Group extended for another two years the CEO contract and granted another 
1,000,000 shares in the Company. These were due to be awarded in two tranches and vested based on completed 
year of service, and which were self-reduced by 20% to two tranches of 400,000 Company shares for each year 
of service in 2020. The first 400,000 Company shares have effectively been received on 16 December 2020. The 
second 400,000 Company shares have effectively been received on 12 October 2021.  

In January 2021, the Group extended for another year the CEO contract and granted 500,000 shares in the 
Company. These shares have effectively been received after reporting period on 10 February 2022. 
These shares have a lock-up period of two years from subscription date. The fair value of the granted shares is 
determined based on the market price of Afarak Group share at the grant date which was EUR 0.83 per share. 
The expense recognized in the income statement during the year was EUR 112,301 (2020: EUR 60,260). The 
expense in 2020 included a correction of the self reduced shares expense recognised in prior year.  

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. Deferred tax assets and liabilities 

Movements in deferred taxes in 2021 

EUR '000 

01.01.2021  Exchange rate 
differences 

Recognised in  
income 
statement 

Discontinued 
operation 

31.12.2021 

Deferred tax assets: 
Unrealised expenses 
Pension liabilities 
From translation difference 
Group eliminations 
Total 

Deferred tax liabilities: 
Assets at fair value in acquisitions 
Translation difference 
Other timing differences 
Total 

Movements in deferred taxes in 2020 

2,396 
313 
-69 
277 
2,918 

11,171 
80 
186 
11,437 

27 

-15 
12 

52 

-18 
34 

-1,106 
-144 

89 
-1,162 

-2,393 

105 
-2,289 

1,316 
168 
-69 
351 
1,766 

8,830 
80 
272 
9,182 

EUR '000 

01.01.2020 

Exchange rate 
differences 

Recognised in  
income 
statement 

Discontinued 
operation 

31.12.2020 

Deferred tax assets: 
Unrealised expenses 
Pension liabilities 
From translation difference 
Group eliminations 
Total 

Deferred tax liabilities: 
Assets at fair value in 
acquisitions 
Translation difference 
Other timing differences 
Total 

2,671 
396 
-69 
421 
3,419 

20,222 
80 
1,272 
21,573 

-113 

0 
-50 
-164 

-2,811 

-212 
-3,023 

-149 
-84 
0 
-94 
-326 

-6,095 

-861 
-6,956 

-13 

-13 

-145 

-13 
-158 

2,396 
313 
-69 
277 
2,916 

11,171 
80 
186 
11,437 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. Provisions 

EUR '000 

Balance at 1.1.2021 
Additions 
Discontinued operations 
Releases and reversals 
Unwinding of discount 
Exchange differences 
Balance at 31.12.2021 

Balance at 1.1.2020 
Additions 
Discontinued operations 
Releases and reversals 
Unwinding of discount 
Exchange differences 
Balance at 31.12.2020 

EUR '000 

Long-term provisions 
Short-term provisions 
Total 

Environmental 
and rehabilitation 
provisions 

Other 
provisions 

9,148   
144   
0   
-507   
860   
-192   
9,453   

16,836   
458   
-6,377   
-213   
622   
-2,178   
9,148   

2021 

11,671 
266 
11,937 

24,201   
522   
0   
-263   
0   
-196   
2,484   

2,392   
381   
0   
-223   
0   
-130   
2,421   

2020   

11,390 
179 
11,569 

Total 

11569 
666 
0 
-770 
860 
-389 
11,937 

19,229 
839 
-6,377 
-436 
622 
-2,307 
11,569 

The long-term provisions in the statement of financial position relate to environmental and rehabilitation 
provisions of the Group’s production facilities and mines. The provisions are based on expected liability. 

Provisions include a FIN-FSA penalty amounting to Eur 1,450 thousand which was provided for in 2019. On 
25th February 2021, Afarak filed an application for a permission to appeal and an appeal to the Supreme 
Administrative Court on the decision of the Helsinki Administrative Court.  On 30th March 2022,  the Supreme 
Administrative Court has rejected Afarak's application for permission to appeal.           

21. Pension liabilities 

Defined benefit pension plans 
The majority of the Group’s pension plans are defined contribution plans for which a total expense of EUR 0.6 
(2020: 0.7) million has been recognised on the 2021 statement of comprehensive income. In addition, the Group’s 
German subsidiary has defined benefit plans. The amount of defined benefit obligations of the plan is based on 
actuarial calculations made by authorized actuaries. The pension scheme is arranged by recognising a provision 
on the statement of financial position. The present value of the obligation less fair value of plan assets totalled 
EUR 20.6 (2020: 23.4) million on 31 December 2021. The Group has considered that the value on 31 December 
also corresponds with the amount of net obligation at the end of the reporting period. The assets of the pension 
plans are kept separate from the Group’s assets. 

Retirement benefit obligation 
EUR '000 

Present value of funded obligation 
Fair value of plan assets 
Net liability 

2021    

2020 

28,114   
-7,495   
20,619   

30,584 
-7,225 
23,359 

68 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
   
  
Movements in defined benefit obligation 
EUR '000 

Defined benefit obligations at 1.1. 
Benefits paid 
Current service costs 
Interest expense 
Actuarial losses / (gains) 
Closing balance at 31.12.  

2021    

2020 

30,584   
-871   
453   
208   
-2,257   
28,116   

29,353 
-868 
430 
301 
1,369 
30,584 

Movements in the fair value of the plan assets 
EUR '000 

2021    

2020 

Fair value of the plan assets at 1.1. 
Expected return on plan assets 
Benefits paid by the plan 
Return on plan assets greater/(less) than discount rate  
Contributions paid into the plan 
Closing balance at 31.12. 

7,225   
51   
-207   
32   
398   
7,498   

6,878 
73 
-193 
61 
407 
7,225 

The benefits of the defined benefit plan are insured with an insurance company. The corresponding assets 
are the responsibility of the insurance company and a part of the insurance company’s investment assets. 
The distribution in categories is not possible to provide. 

Expense recognised in statement of 
comprehensive income 
EUR '000 

Current service cost 
Net interest on net defined benefit liability/(asset) 

Expense recognised in other comprehensive 
income (OCI) 
EUR '000 

Actuarial (gains)/losses due to liability experience 
Return on plan assets (greater)/less than discount 
rate 
Actuarial (gains)/losses – demographic assumptions 
Actuarial (gains)/losses – financial assumptions 

2021    

2020 

-453   
-157   
-611   

2021 

-24 

-32 
-2,233 

-2,289 

-430 
-228 
-658 

2020 

-447 

-61 
1,816 
0 
1,308 

Actual return on plan assets totalled EUR 0.03 (2020: 0.06) million in 2020. 

Principal actuarial assumptions  

2021    

2020 

Discount rate 
Expected retirement age 
Expected rate of salary increase 
Inflation 

1.14%   
65   
1.13%   
2.25%   

0.69% 
65 
3.00% 
2.25% 

69 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
  
  
 
 
   
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
   
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
The expected retirement age has been assumed to be in accordance with German legislation (RVAGAnpG 2007). 
Similarly,  the  expected  pension  increases  have  been  assumed  to  be  in  line  with  the  German  legislation,  and 
mortality expectancy in accordance with the German "Richttafeln 2005 G" has been applied in the valuations. 

Provision for retirement pay liability in Turkey 

In accordance with existing social legislation in Turkey, the Turkish subsidiary of the Group is required to make 
lump-sum payments to employees whose employment is terminated due to retirement or for reasons other than 
resignation or misconduct. The computation of the liability was based on the retirement pay ceiling announced by 
the Turkish government. On 31 December 2021, the employee severance indemnity recognised in accordance 
with IAS 19 totalled EUR 0.5 (2020: 0.5) million.  

22. Trade payables and other interest-free liabilities 

EUR '000 

Non-current 
Other liabilities 
Total non-current 

Current 
Current liabilities to related parties 
Trade payables 
Accrued expenses and deferred income 
Current advances received 
Income tax liability 
Other liabilities 
Total current 

2021    

2020 

28   
28   

6   
14,126   
4,185   
2   
3,744   
571   
22,634   

33 
33 

5 
8,705 
4,715 
1 
2,545 
1,103 
17,075 

At end of 2020, Trade payables included a liability to supplier in relation to financing of material 
amounting to Eur 1.4 million. 

70 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.9 RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES 

1.9.1 Group structure on 31 December 2021 

Subsidiaries 

Name 

Country of 
incorporation 

Group's 
ownership 
and share of 
votes (%) 

Afarak Group Plc's 
direct ownership and 
share of votes (%) 

Afarak doo Belgrade 
Afarak Holdings Ltd 
Afarak Investments Ltd 
Afarak Mining Investments (Pty) Ltd 
Afarak Mining (Pty) Ltd 
Afarak Services Sagl 
Afarak South Africa (Pty) Ltd 
Afarak Trading Ltd  
Magnohrom doo Kraljevo 
Auburn Avenue Trading 88 (Pty) Ltd 
Destiny Spring Investments 11 (Pty) Ltd 
Destiny Spring Investments 12 (Pty) Ltd 
Duoflex (Pty) Ltd 
Elektrowerk Weisweiler GmbH 
Intermetal Madencilik ve Ticaret A.S. 
Rekylator Oy 
Türk Maadin Sirketi A.S. 
ZCM Holdco One (Pty) Ltd 
Zeerust Chrome Mine Ltd 
Synergy Africa Ltd 
Chromex Mining Ltd 
Chromex Mining Company (Pty) Ltd 
Ilitha Mining (Pty) Ltd 
Afarak Processing Technologies (Pty) Ltd 
Afarak Processing Technologies 2 (Pty) Ltd 
Afarak Platinum (Pty) Ltd 

Serbia 
Malta 
Malta 
South Africa 
South Africa 
Switzerland 
South Africa 
Malta 
Serbia 
South Africa 
South Africa 
South Africa 
South Africa 
Germany 
Turkey 
Finland 
Turkey 
South Africa 
South Africa 
United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 
South Africa 
South Africa 
South Africa 
South Africa 
South Africa 

100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
74.00 
73.30 
100.00 
74.00 
100.00  
99.00 
100.00 
98.75 
74.00 
74.00 
100.00 
100.00 
94.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 

0.00 
0.00 
99.99 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0,00 
0.00 
0.00 
100.00 
98.75 
23.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

The companies Afarak Commodities Ltd, Afarak Participation Ltd, LP Kunnanharju and Mkhombi Stellite (Pty) 
Ltd were liquidated during 2020. 

On 16th September 2020 Afarak Group lost control on its subsidiary Afarak Mogale (Pty) Ltd, and as a result the 
Mogale business was reclassified to discontinued operation in the consolidated financial statements of Afarak 
Group. 

For the year ended 31 December 2020 Chromex Mining Limited (registration number 05566992) and Synergy 
Africa Limited (registration number 07382978) were entitled to an exemption from audit under section 479A of 
the Companies Act 2006 relating to subsidiary companies. 

Afarak  entered  into  an  agreement  during  2019  to  acquire  the  remaining  interest  of  26%  in  Chromex  Mining 
Company (Pty) Ltd. On 23 March 2021, Afarak acquired a further 20% of the shares in Chromex Mining (Pty) 
Ltd, in exchange for total consideration of 7,088,608 shares in Afarak Group Plc, amounting to Eur 1,680,000.  

1.9.2 Related party transactions 

Afarak Group Plc defines the related parties as:  

• companies, entities or persons having common control or considerable voting power in Afarak Group 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• subsidiaries 
• joint ventures 
• associates 
• Afarak Group Plc’s and the above mentioned entities’ top management 

Related party transactions with persons belonging to the Group’s Board and management 
Finnish accounting legislation, KPA 2:8 § 4 paragraph disclosure requirement 

EUR '000 

CEO 

2021 

2020 

Salaries 

Fees 

Share-based 
remuneration 

Salaries 

Fees 

Share-based 
remuneration 

Konsbruck Guy 

Board member 05.2.2018 onwards, CEO 15.1.2017 
onwards 

318 

112 

288 

60 

Board members 
Abrahamsen 
Thorstein 
Manojlovic 
Jelena 

Total 

Board member 23.5.2017 onwards, Chairman11.11.2019 
onwards 
Board member 11.7.2008 onwards, Chairperson 23.5.2017 
– 25.6.2019 

78 

57 

84 

60 

0 

453 

112 

0 

432 

60 

As some of the Board members have also had executive management roles, both the Board fees and the salaries 
in relation to the executive role have been presented above. 

The CEO fees for his service during 2021 were EUR 318,000 (2020: EUR 288,000) for his service. On 11 May 
2018  he  received  500,000  Company  Shares  as  an  incentive  for  the  first  year  of  service  acting  as  the  Chief 
Executive Officer. The second 500,000 Company shares received on 12 February 2019.  

In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Group extended for another two years the CEO contract and granted another 
1,000,000 shares in the Company. These were self reduced by 20% to 800,000 shares in the Company. These 
were awarded in two tranches and vested based on completed year of service. The first 400,000 Company shares 
were received on 16 December 2020. The second 400,000 Company shares were received on 12 October 2021. 
On 10 February 2022, 500,000 shares were received for his fifth year of service acting as the Chief Executive 
Officer. 

Management remuneration  

EUR '000 

Fixed salaries and fees 

Total 

2021 

2020 

240 

240 

338 

338 

The table includes the Executive Management Team remuneration excluding the CEO and including salary of 
Danko Koncar, COO amounting to Eur 240,000. The CEO and Board members compensation has been presented 
separately. 

In addition, the shareholders Aida Djakov (director ATL) and Milan Djakov (sales and marketing manager 
ATL) and the related party Misha Djakov (technical and commercial advisor Specialty Alloys) received 
remuneration for their activities for a total amount of Eur 125,475. 

Other related party transactions 

No dividends were received from associated companies during 2021 and 2020. 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.10 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES 

1.10.1 Mortgages and guarantees pledged as security 

On 31 December 2021 the Group had loans from financial institutions totalling EUR 2.9 (2020: 2.9) million. The 
Group has provided real estate mortgages and other assets as collaterals for total carrying value of EUR 1.8 (2020: 
4.5) million The Company has an enterprise mortgage of EUR 2.5 (2020: 2.5) million which are in the possession 
of the Afarak Group and not pledged. Moreover, the Group companies have given cash deposits totalling EUR 
0.4 (2020: 0.9) million as security for their commitments. The value of other collaterals totalled EUR 0.0 (2020: 
4.2) million as at 31 December 2021.  

1.10.2 Covenants included in the Group’s financing agreements 

During the year 2021 and the prior year, the Group did not have loan facilities subject to financial covenants that 
if breached might have a negative effect on the financial position of the Group. 

1.10.3 Rental agreements 

Liabilities associated with rental and operating lease agreements totalled some EUR 0.3 (2020: 0.2) million for 
the period. Typically, the rental agreements maturity varies between two to five years, and normally there is a 
possibility to continue these agreements beyond the original maturity date. For these contacts, their price indexing, 
renewal  and  other  terms  differ  contract  by  contract.  As  guarantees  for  these  rental  agreements,  the  Group 
companies have made cash deposits of approximately EUR 0.0 (0.0) million as at 31 December 2021. 

1.11  EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD 

On 04 January 2022, the Company published the financial calendar for 2022.  

On 10 February 2022, the Company published information in relation to Afarak’s website being down.  

On 10 February 2022, the company announced changes regarding Afarak Group Plc’s treasury shares, where a 
total of 500,000 shares were transferred to the CEO Guy Konsbruck, which form part of the remuneration 
package under the CEO agreement. 

On 30 March 2022, Afarak announced that on this day, the Supreme Administrative Court has 
rejected Afarak's application for permission to appeal. The Supreme Administrative Court therefore does not 
rule on the Afarak’s appeal. Therefore, the penalty payment of EUR 1,450,000 imposed by FIN-FSA on 23 
September 2019 to Afarak for failures relating to disclosure of inside information and maintenance of insider 
lists is lawful. 

The company is very disappointed about this decision, as a few minor and technical dysfunctions were identified 
and fixed, before the first decision by FIN-FSA was issued. Also the amount of the fine is completely 
disproportionate and arbitrary compared to the actual infringement. Such a high fine for such a minor fact has 
never been issued, neither in Finland, nor abroad, and is actually destroying shareholder value. FIN-FSA never 
explained why they believe such an amount was appropriate. 

Flagging notification after the reporting period 

There were no flagging notifications after the reporting period. 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PARENT COMPANY’S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (FAS) 

INCOME STATEMENT (FAS) 

EUR '000 

Revenue 

Personnel expenses 

    Salaries and wages 

       Pension expenses 

    Social security expenses total 

Personnel expenses total 

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment 

     Impairment of investment in subsidiaries 

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment total 

Other operating expenses 

OPERATING PROFIT / (LOSS) 

Financial income and expenses: 

    Impairment of non-current investments 

    Other financial income 

       From Group companies 

       From others 

    Interests and other financial expenses 

       To Group companies 

       To others 

       Impairment of intra-group receivable 

Financial income and expenses total 

PROFIT / (LOSS) BEFORE TAXES 

Income taxes 

1.1.2021 

1.1.2020 

 - 31.12.2021 

 - 31.12.2020 

2,221 

1,480 

-375 

-430 

0 

0 

2 

2 

-375 

-428 

-492 

-492 

-1,488 

-135 

-48,296 

-48,296 

-2,029 

-49,273 

5,158 

-6,574 

21 

1,127 

-617 

-3,203 

0 

2,486 

2,351 

30 

3,841 

-898 

-1,605 

-8,356 

-13,562 

-62,835 

Note 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

PROFIT / (LOSS) FOR THE PERIOD 

2,351 

-62,835 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (FAS) 

EUR '000 

ASSETS 
NON-CURRENT ASSETS 
Investments 
      Shares in Group companies 
Total investments 

Non-current receivables 
      Receivables from Group companies 
Total non-current receivables  

Total non-current assets 

CURRENT ASSETS 
Current receivables 
      Trade receivables 
      Receivables from Group companies 
      Other interest-bearing receivables 
      Other non interest-bearing receivables 
      Prepaid expenses and accrued income 
Total current receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

TOTAL ASSETS 

Note 

31/12/2021 

31/12/2020 

6 

7 

7 

65,832 
65,832 

64,644 
64,644 

5 
5 

5 
5 

65,837 

64,649 

0 
6,350 
55 
108 
64 
6,577 

3 

1 
4,523 
54 
13 
56 
4,646 

54 

6,581 

4,700 

72,418 

69,349 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (FAS) (CONT.) 

EUR '000 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 
      Share capital 
      Share premium reserve 
      Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve 
      Retained earnings 
      (Loss) / profit for the period 

Total shareholders' equity 

LIABILITIES 
Non-current liabilities 
    Liabilities to Group companies 
    Provisions 

Total non-current liabilities 

Current liabilities 
      Liabilities to Group companies 
      Liabilities to others 
      Accounts payable 
      Accounts payable to Group companies 
      Other liabilities 
      Accrued expenses and deferred income 

Total current liabilities 

Note 

31/12/2021 

31/12/2020 

8 

9 

23,642 
25,223 
213,799 
-227,565 
2,351 

37,450 

23,642 
25,223 
212,119 
-164,730 
-62,835 

33,419 

25,819 
1,450 

27,269 

220 
0 
368 
6,543 
17 
549 

7,698 

23,831 
1,450 

25,281 

220 
4,161 
204 
5,709 
17 
338 

10,649 

Total liabilities 

34,967 

35,930 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

72,418 

69,349 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (FAS) 

EUR '000 

Operating activities 
(Loss) / profit for the period 
Adjustments for: 

    Impairment, net 
    Unrealised foreign exchange gains and losses 
    Financial revenue and expense excluding impairment 
    Other adjustments 

Cash flow before working capital changes 
Working capital changes: 

Change in current trade receivables 
Change in current trade payables 

Cash flow before financing items and taxes 
Interests received from Group companies 
Interests received and other financing items 
Interests paid and other financing items 
Net cash used in operating activities 

Investing activities 
Proceeds from sale of tangible and intangible assets 
Net cash from investing activities 

Financing activities 
Repayments of current borrowings 
Non-current loans from Group companies  
Repayments of current loan receivables 
Net cash from financing activities 

Change in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at beginning of period 
Cash at end of period 
Change in the statement of financial position 

1.1.-31.12.2021 

1.1.-31.12.2020 

2,351 

-62,835 

-4,666 
2,076 
597 
131 
489 

-1,315 
963 
136 
1,127 
21 
-617 
666 

0 
0 

0 
-1,354 
738 
-616 

50 

54 
3 
51 

54,870 
-2,235 
3,708 
1,914 
-4,578 

789 
286 
-3,503 
3,841 
31 
-1,127 
-758 

0 
0 

-4 
699 
0 
695 

-64 

118 
54 
-64 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE PARENT COMPANY 
(FAS) 

2.1 Accounting Policies 

Scope of financial statements and accounting policies 

The  parent  company  has  prepared  its  separate  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  Finnish  Accounting 
Standards.  Consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting  Standards.  Consolidated  financial  statements  are  presented  separately  as  a  part  of  these  financial 
statements. 

Information  on  holdings  in  subsidiaries  and  associated  companies  and  information  on  their  consolidation  is 
presented in the notes to the financial statements. 

All figures are presented in thousand Euros, unless otherwise explicitly stated.  

Valuation principles and methods 

Investments in associated companies and debt instruments are valued at acquisition cost, less eventual impairment. 
Dividends received from Group companies and associates have been recorded as financial income. 

The value of property, plant and equipment in the statement of financial position is stated at acquisition cost, less 
accumulated  depreciation.  Other  assets  have  been  stated  in  the  statement  of financial  position  at  the  lower  of 
acquisition cost or their likely realisable value. Debt items are valued at acquisition cost. Loan receivables from 
subsidiaries and Group companies have been valued at acquisition cost. 

Depreciation methods 

Acquisition  costs  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  depreciated  over  their  useful  lives  according  to  plan. 
Depreciation plans have been defined based on practice and experience. 

Asset 

Depreciation method and period 

5 years straight line 
Intangible rights   
IT equipment 
2 years straight line 
Other machinery and equipment   5 years straight line 

Translations of foreign currency items 

Items in the statement of financial position denominated in foreign currency are translated into functional 
currency using the exchange rates as at the end of the reporting year. Income statement items are translated 
applying the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction. 

Comparability of the reported financial year and the previous year 

The reported financial year and the previous year were both calendar years and are thus comparable. The 
Company has been actively restructuring its business, which has required various ownership and financial 
arrangements.  The  transactions  have  had  significant  non-recurring  effects  on  the  Company's  income 
statement and statement of financial position, which make comparison of financial statements and estimating 
the future more difficult. 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.2 Notes to the income statement 

1. Revenue 

EUR '000 

By business line: 
Services 
Total 

By geography: 
Finland 
EU countries 
Other countries 
Total 

2. Depreciation, amortisation and impairment 

EUR '000 

Impairment  

Impairment on investment in subsidiaries 

Total 

3. Other operating expenses 

EUR '000 

Premise expenses 

Machinery and equipment expenses 

Travelling expenses 

Administration expenses  

Other operating expenses 

Total 

4. Financial income and expense 

EUR '000 

Other financial income 
   From Group companies 
   From others 
Other financial expense 
   To Group companies 
   To others 
Impairment on Intra-group receivables 

Total 

2021 

2020 

2,221 
2,221 

1 
2053 
168 
2,221 

1,480 
1,480 

1 
1312 
167 
1,480 

2021 

2020 

-492 

-492 

-48,296 

-48,296 

2021 

2020 

-17 

-20 

14 

-755 

-144 

-922 

-14 

-19 

-58 

-1,662 

-276 

-2,029 

2021 

2020 

21 
1,127 

-617 
-3,203 
0 

2,673 

30 
3,841 

-898 
-1,605 
-8,356 

-13,562 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
5. Income taxes 

EUR '000 

(Loss) / profit before taxes  

(Loss) / profit for the period 

2021 

2020 

2,351 

2,351 

-55,590 

-55,590 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.3 Notes to assets 

6. Investments 

Shares in Group 
companies 

 Shares in 
associated 
companies 

Receivables 
from Group 
companies 

324,533 

-2,019 

322,514 

8,153 

17,614 

8,153 

17,614 

Total 

350,300 

-2,019 

348,281 

-209,574 

-8,153 

-17,614 

-235,341 

-48,296 

0 

0 

-48,296 

-257,870 

-8,153 

-17,614 

-283,637 

Acquisition cost 1.1.2020 

Disposal of investment 

Acquisition cost 31.12.2020 

Accumulated depreciation and 
impairment 1.1.2020 
Impairment of investment in 
subsidiares 
Accumulated depreciation and 
impairment 31.12.2020 

Book value 31.12.2020 

64,644 

0 

0 

64,644 

Shares in Group 
companies 

 Shares in 
associated 
companies 

Receivables 
from Group 
companies 

322,514 

1,680 

324,194 

8,153 

17,614 

8,153 

17,614 

Total 

348,281 

1,680 

349,961 

-257,870 

-8,153 

-17,614 

-283,637 

-492 

-492 

-258,362 

-8,153 

-17,614 

-284,129 

Acquisition cost 1.1.2021 

Addition of investment 

Acquisition cost 31.12.2021 

Accumulated depreciation 
and impairment 1.1.2021 
Impairment of investment in 
subsidiares 
Accumulated depreciation 
and impairment 31.12.2021 

Book value 31.12.2021 

65,832 

0 

0 

65,832 

81 

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Holdings in Group and other companies 

Name 

Afarak doo Belgrade 
Afarak Holdings Ltd 
Afarak Investments Ltd 
Afarak Mining Investments (Pty) Ltd 
Afarak Mining (Pty) Ltd 
Afarak Services Sagl 
Afarak South Africa (Pty) Ltd 
Afarak Trading Ltd  
Magnohrom doo Kraljevo 
Auburn Avenue Trading 88 (Pty) Ltd 
Destiny Spring Investments 11 (Pty) Ltd 
Destiny Spring Investments 12 (Pty) Ltd 
Duoflex (Pty) Ltd 
Elektrowerk Weisweiler GmbH 
Intermetal Madencilik ve Ticaret A.S. 
Rekylator Oy 
Türk Maadin Sirketi A.S. 
ZCM Holdco One (Pty) Ltd 
Zeerust Chrome Mine Ltd 
Synergy Africa Ltd 
Chromex Mining Ltd 
Chromex Mining Company (Pty) Ltd 
Ilitha Mining (Pty) Ltd 
Afarak Processing Technologies (Pty) Ltd 
Afarak Processing Technologies 2 (Pty) Ltd 
Afarak Platinum (Pty) Ltd 

Country of 
incorporation 

Group's 
ownership 
and share of 
votes (%) 

Afarak Group Plc's 
direct ownership and 
share of votes (%) 

Serbia 
Malta 
Malta 
South Africa 
South Africa 
Switzerland 
South Africa 
Malta 
Serbia 
South Africa 
South Africa 
South Africa 
South Africa 
Germany 
Turkey 
Finland 
Turkey 
South Africa 
South Africa 
United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 
South Africa 
South Africa 
South Africa 
South Africa 
South Africa 

100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
74.00 
73.30 
100.00 
74.00 
100.00  
99.00 
100.00 
98.75 
74.00 
74.00 
100.00 
100.00 
94.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 

0.00 
0.00 
99.99 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0,00 
0.00 
0.00 
100.00 
98.75 
23.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

The companies Afarak Commodities Ltd, Afarak Participation Ltd, LP Kunnanharju and Mkhombi Stellite (Pty) 
Ltd were liquidated during 2020. 

On 16th September 2020 Afarak Group lost control on its subsidiary Afarak Mogale (Pty) Ltd, and as a result the 
Mogale business was reclassified to discontinued operation in the consolidated financial statements of Afarak 
Group. 

Afarak  entered  into  an  agreement  during  2019  to  acquire  the  remaining  interest  of  26%  in  Chromex  Mining 
Company (Pty) Ltd. On 23 March 2021, Afarak acquired a further 20% of the shares in Chromex Mining (Pty) 
Ltd, in exchange for total consideration of 7,088,608 shares in Afarak Group Plc, amounting to Eur 1,680,000.  

7. Receivables 

EUR '000 

Non-current 

Loan and other receivables 

  Total 

Current 

2021 

2020 

5 

5 

5 

5 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan receivables 
  Trade receivables 

Interest receivables 

  Prepayments and accrued income 
  Total 

Other interest-bearing receivables 

1,355 
4,170 
1 
825 

6,350 

719 
2,938 
44 
832 

13,993 

EUR '000 

2021 

2020 

Current 

  VAT receivable 
  Total 

Other interest-free receivables 

EUR '000 

Current 

Trade receivables 
  Other receivables 
  Total 

Prepaid expenses and accrued income 

  Other prepaid expenses and accrued income 
  Total 

2.4 Notes to equity and liabilities 

8. Shareholders’ equity 

EUR '000 

Share capital 

Share capital 1.1. 

Share capital 31.12. 

55 

55 

54 

54 

2021 

2020 

0 
108 
108 

1 
13 
13 

2021 

2020 

64 

64 

103 

56 

2021 

2020 

23,642 

23,642 

23,642 

23,642 

Share premium reserve 

2021 

2020 

Share premium reserve 1.1. 

Share premium reserve 31.12. 

Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve 

25,223 

25,223 

2021 

25,223 

25,223 

2020 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve 1.1. 

Issue of shares 

Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve 31.12. 

Retained earnings  

Retained earnings 1.1. 

(Loss) / profit for the period 

Retained earnings 31.12. 

(Loss) / profit for the period 

Total shareholders' equity 

Distributable funds 

   Retained earnings 1.1. 

(Loss) / profit for the period 

  Retained earnings 31.12. 
  Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve 
  Distributable funds 31.12. 

9. Liabilities 

Non-current liabilities 

EUR '000 

Non-current interest bearing debt 

Loans from Group companies 

Total 

Non-current interest-free debt 

Capital loans 
Total 

Current liabilities 

212,119 

212,024 

1,680 

95 

213,799 

212,119 

2021 

2020 

-164,730 

-62,835 

-227,565 

-20,575 

-144,154 

-164,730 

2,351 

-62,835 

37,450 

33,419 

2021 

2020 

-227,565 

2,351 

-225,214 

213,799 

0 

-20,576 

-62,835 

-227,565 

212,119 

0 

2021 

2020 

25,819 

25,819 

23,831 

23,831 

2021 

2020 

0 
0 

0 
0 

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EUR '000 

Current interest bearing debt 

Other debt to Group companies 
Total 

Current interest-free debt 

Accounts payable 
Payables to Group companies 
Payables to others 
Other debt 
Other debt to Group companies 
Accrued expenses and deferred income 
Total 

2.5 Pledges and contingent liabilities 

2021 

2020 

0 
0 

0 
0 

2021 

2020 

368 
6,543 
0 
17 
220 
549 
7,698 

204 
5,709 
4,161 
17 
220 
338 
10,649 

EUR million 

31.12.2021 

31.12.2020 

Commitments on behalf of subsidiaries 
  Guarantees 

Commitments and contingent liabilities total 

0 

0 

4.2 

4.2 

The Company has an enterprise mortgage of EUR 2.5 (2020: 2.5) million which are in the possession of the 
Afarak Group and not pledged. 

Pension liabilities 

The Company's pension liabilities are directly in accordance with the statutory TyEL-system.  

2.6 Other notes 

Related party loans 

The Company has short-term loan receivables from the members and past members of the Board amounting 
to EUR 0 (0) thousand. 

Information on the personnel 

Personnel, annual average 
(all employees) 

2021 

2020 

Employees 

1 

3 

Management remuneration (EUR ’000) 

2021 

2020 

Chief Executive Officer 
Board members 

318 
135 

288 
144 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The CEO fees for his service during 2021 were EUR 318,000.  

In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Group extended for another two years the CEO contract and granted another 
1,000,000 shares in the Company. These were due to be awarded in two tranches and vested based on completed 
year of service, and which were self-reduced by 20% to two tranches of 400,000 Company shares for each year 
of service in 2020. The first 400,000 Company shares have effectively been received on 16 December 2020. The 
second 400,000 Company shares have effectively been received on 12 October 2021.  

In January 2021, the Group extended for another year the CEO contract and granted 500,000 shares in the 
Company. These shares have effectively been received after reporting period on 10 February 2022. 
These shares have a lock-up period of two years from subscription date. The fair value of the granted shares is 
determined based on the market price of Afarak Group share at the grant date which was EUR 0.83 per share. 
The expense recognized in the income statement during the year was EUR 112,301 (2020: EUR 60,260). The 
expense in 2020 included a correction of the self reduced shares expense recognised in prior year.  

Information on shares and shareholders 

Changes in the number of shares and share capital  

On 31 December 2021, the registered number of Afarak Group Plc shares was 252,041,814 (252,041,814) and 
the share capital was EUR 23,642,049.60 (23,642,049.60).  

On 31 December 2021, the Company had 5,673,991 (13,162,599) own shares in treasury, which was equivalent 
to 2.25% (5.22%) of the issued shares. The total number of shares outstanding, excluding the treasury shares 
held by the Company on 31 December 2021, was 246,367,823 (238,879,215). 

On 23 March 2021, Afarak Group Plc has transferred a total of 7,088,608 treasury shares in relation to 
additional ownership in certain South African mining assets. 

On 12 October 2021, the company transferred 400,000 Company Shares from the treasury to Guy Konsbruck, 
CEO. 

More information on shares, share capital and shareholders has been presented in the notes to the consolidated 
financial statements. 

Information obligated to a Group company 

The Company is the Group’s parent company. 

Afarak Group Plc, domicile Helsinki (address: Kaisaniemenkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland) 

Board members' and Chief Executive Officer's ownership 

Afarak  Group  Plc’s  Board  members  and  Chief  Executive Officer  owned  in  total  1,950,000 (2020: 1,550,000) 
Afarak Group Plc shares on 31 December 2021 when including shares owned either directly, through persons 
closely  associated  with  them  or  through  controlled  companies.  This  corresponds  to  0.8%  (2020:  0.8%)  of  all 
outstanding shares that were registered in the Trade Register on 31 December 2021. 

31.12.2021 
Board and CEO total: 

Thorstein Abrahamsen 

Jelena Manojlovic  

Guy Konsbruck 

shares 

options 

Chairman & Non-Executive 
Director 
Dependent Non-Executive 
Director 
Chief Executive Officer & 
Executive Director 

0 

150,000 

1,800,000 

0 

0 

0 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
Board and CEO total 
All shares outstanding 
Proportion of all shares 

1,950,000 
252,041,814 
0.8 % 

0 

On 31 December 2021 the total number of registered shares was 252,041,814 and the Board and CEO's ownership 
corresponded to 0.8% of the total number of registered shares. 

Auditor’s fees 

EUR '000 

Ernst & Young Oy 
  audit 
  other services 
  Total 

Board’s dividend proposal 

2021 

2020 

335 
42 
377 

320 
67 
648 

The Board of Directors proposes to the Annual General Meeting that no distribution would be paid in 2021. 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
SIGNATURES TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REPORT AND THE 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Helsinki 31 March 2022 

Thorstein Abrahamsen 
Chairman 

              Guy Konsbruck  
              Member of the Board & CEO 

Jelena Manojlovic  
Member of the Board 

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE AUDITOR’S NOTE 

Our auditor’s report has been issued today. 

Helsinki 31 March 2022 

Tietotili Audit Oy 
Authorised Public Accountants 

Urpo Salo 
Authorised Public Accountant 

89