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Akari Therapeutics Plc

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FY2020 Annual Report · Akari Therapeutics Plc
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AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

ANNUAL REPORT AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED  

31 DECEMBER 2020 

Registered in England and Wales, number: 05252842 

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AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

CONSOLIDATED ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CONTENTS 

Officers and professional advisers 

Directors’ report 

Strategic Report 

Director’s Remuneration Report 

Independent Auditor’s report to the shareholders of Akari Therapeutics Plc 

Consolidated statement of comprehensive loss 

Consolidated statement of financial position 

Parent company statement of financial position 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

Parent company statement of changes in equity 

Consolidated statement of cash flows 

Parent company statement of cash flows 

Page 

1 

2 – 5 

6 – 12 

13 – 26 

27 – 30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

Notes to the report and financial statements 

38-56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

OFFICERS AND PROFESSIONAL ADVISERS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Directors 

R Prudo-Chlebosz  
C Richardson  
J Hill  
S Ungar  
D Byrne 
D Williams  
M Grissinger  
P Feldschreiber  

Secretary                       

Prism Cosec Limited  

Registered Office 

Independent Auditors 

Highdown House, 
Yeoman Way,  
Worthing,  
West Sussex  
BN99 3HH  

Haysmacintyre LLP 
10 Queen Street Place 
London  
EC4R 1AG 

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AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to “Akari,” “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company”, the “Group” and similar 
designations  refer  to  Akari  Therapeutics,  Plc  and  its  subsidiaries.    All  references  to  “parent  company”  refer  to  Akari 
Therapeutics, Plc excluding its subsidiaries. 

The directors present their report and the audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2020. 

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITY  

The principal activity of the Group is developing treatments for acute and chronic inflammation, specifically through the 
inhibition of the complement and leukotriene pathways. Each of these systems has scientifically well-supported causative 
roles in the diseases being targeted by the Company. Management believes that blocking early mediators of inflammation 
will prevent initiation and continual amplification of the processes that cause certain diseases. 

DIRECTORS 

The directors who served the Company during the year and up to the date of signing the Annual Report were as follows: 

R Prudo-Chlebosz  
C Richardson  
J Hill  
S Ungar  
D Byrne 
D Williams 
M Grissinger  
P Feldschreiber  

SUPPLIER PAYMENT POLICY 

It is the Group’s policy to agree to commercial terms with its suppliers prior to purchase of goods or services.  The Group 
negotiates favourable payment terms where possible. 

POLITICAL/CHARITABLE DONATIONS 

There were no political or charitable contributions made by the Group during the year ended 31 December 2020 (2019: 
$nil). 

STAFF POLICY 

The Group is committed to a policy of recruitment and promotion on the basis of aptitude and ability. Applications for 
employment  by  disabled  persons  are  given  full  and  fair  consideration  having  regard  to  their  particular  aptitudes  and 
abilities. Where existing employees become disabled, it is the Group’s policy, wherever possible, to provide continuing 
employment  under  normal  terms  and  conditions  and  to  provide  training,  career  development  and  promotion  wherever 
appropriate. 

DIRECTORS INDEMNITY 

The Company’s Articles of Association provide, subject to the provisions of UK legislation, an indemnity for directors and 
officers of the Company in respect of liabilities they may incur in the discharge of their duties or in the exercise of their 
powers, including any liabilities relating to the defence of any proceedings brought against them which relate to anything 
done or omitted, or alleged to have been done or omitted, by them as officers or employees of the Company. 

Appropriate directors and officer’s liability insurance cover is in place in respect of all Company directors. 

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AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 
The Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Report and Directors’ Reports) Regulations 2013 require quoted companies to report 
on the greenhouse gas emissions for which they are responsible. We are a company with a small number of employees. 
We have serviced offices and we currently outsource our research, development, testing and manufacturing activities. As 
a result, we do not emit greenhouse gases from our own activities, nor do we purchase electricity, heat or steam for our 
own  use.  (Scope  1  and  scope  2  disclosures).  Accordingly,  there  are  no  greenhouse  gas  emissions  to  report  from  the 
Company’s operations, nor does it have responsibility for any other emissions. Further, for the same reason, the Company 
considers  that  it  is  a  ‘low  energy user’ under  the  Streamlined  Energy  &  Carbon  Reporting  regulations  and  therefore a 
disclosure on energy and carbon emissions is not required. 

AUDITORS 
Haysmacintyre LLP have indicated their willingness to continue in office as auditor for another year. In accordance with 
section 489 of the Companies Act 2006, a resolution proposing that Haysmacintyre LLP be reappointed as auditors of the 
Company will be put to the Annual General Meeting.  

SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDERS 

On  31  December  2020  the  following  shareholders  held  an  interest  of  3%  or  more  of  the  ordinary  share  capital  of  the 
Company: 

RPC Pharma Limited (1) 
PranaBio Investments, LLC (2) 
Aspire Capital Fund, LLC (3) 
Yasumitsu Shigeta (4) 

Ordinary shares of $0.0001  % of issued share capital 
21.0% 
6.4% 
19.3% 
3.2% 

809,977,100 
249,238,600 
758,720,200 
123,006,300 

(1)  The principal business office of RPC Pharma Limited is c/o Landmark Fiduciare (Suisse) SA, 6 Place des Eaux-Vives, P.O. Box 

3461, Geneva, V8 1211, Switzerland. 

(2)  Represents  the  entire  holdings  of  Pranabio  Investments,  LLC  and  includes  warrants  to  purchase  32,500,000  ordinary  shares 
(equivalent to 325,000 ADSs) at an exercise price of $0.03 per share (or $3.00 per ADS) which expire on July 1, 2024 and warrants 
to purchase additional 30,000,000 ordinary shares (equivalent to 300,000 ADSs) at an exercise price of $0.02 per share (or $2.20 
per ADS) which expire on February 21, 2025. Pranabio Investments, LLC is a Texas limited liability company. Samir R. Patel is 
the managing member and has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares. 

(3)  Represents the holdings of Aspire Capital Fund, LLC and includes warrants to purchase 26,315,800 ordinary shares (equivalent to 
263,158 ADSs) at an exercise price of $0.03 per share (or $3.00 per ADS) which expire on July 1, 2024 and warrants to purchase 
additional 58,823,500 ordinary shares (equivalent to 588,235 ADSs) at an exercise price of $0.02 per share (or $2.20 per ADS) 
which expire on March 3, 2025. Aspire Capital Partners LLC (“Aspire Partners”) is the Managing Member of Aspire Capital Fund, 
LLC (“Aspire Fund”). SGM Holdings Corp (“SGM”) is the Managing Member of Aspire Partners. Mr. Steven G. Martin (“Mr. 
Martin”) is the president and sole shareholder of SGM, as well as a principal of Aspire Partners. Mr. Erik J. Brown (“Mr. Brown”) 
is the president and sole shareholder of Red Cedar Capital Corp (“Red Cedar”), which is a principal of Aspire Partners. Mr. Christos 
Komissopoulos (“Mr. Komissopoulos”) is president and sole shareholder of Chrisko Investors Inc. (“Chrisko”), which is a principal 
of Aspire Partners. Mr. William F. Blank, III (“Mr. Blank”) is president and sole shareholder of WML Ventures Corp. (“WML 
Ventures”), which is a principal of Aspire Partners. Each of Aspire Partners, SGM, Red Cedar, Chrisko, WML Ventures, Mr. Martin, 
Mr. Brown, Mr. Komissopoulos and Mr. Blank may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of ADSs by Aspire Fund. The principal 
business office of Aspire Partners is 155 North Wacker Drive, Suite 1600, Chicago IL 60606. Each of Aspire Partners, SGM, Red 
Cedar, Chrisko, WML Ventures, Mr. Martin, Mr. Brown, Mr. Komissopoulos and Mr. Blank disclaims beneficial ownership of the 
ADSs held by Aspire Fund. 

(4)  The principal business office of Yasumitsu Shigeta is XYMAX Kamiyacho Building 8/F, 5-12-13 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 

105-0001, Japan. 

As at 31 December 2020 no other person had reported an interest of 3% or more in the Company’s ordinary shares. 

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AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 
The Group is not required to implement the provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code (the “Code”).  

Regular board meetings are held and the Executive Directors are heavily involved in the day to day running of the business.  
The Board of Directors meets regularly and is responsible for formulating strategy, monitoring financial performance and 
approving material items of expenditure. 

GOING CONCERN 
The  Group  meets  its  day-to-day  working  capital  requirements  through  funding.  In  assessing  the  Company’s  ability  to 
continue as a going concern, Management has prepared financial forecasts covering at least the next twelve months from 
the date of approval of the financial statements.  

The Group’s forecast and projections, show that at present, the Group has insufficient working capital to fulfil its current 
business plan without the Group raising additional capital.  

We plan to raise additional funds from external sources and/or from Aspire Capital with which the Group has approximately 
$22,000,000 remaining of the total $30,000,000 commitment to drawdown in the form of equity funding as of 4 June 2021. 
In our assessment, the remaining availability of funds under the Aspire facility, together with our expectation of the Group’s 
ability to raise capital from other fundraising sources and generate cash in the form of R&D tax cash credit could extend 
the Group’s ability to fund operations into June 2022 without any subsequent adjustment to the preliminary forecast. The 
Group currently intends to pursue other external fundraising sources within the fiscal year 2021, although securing such 
fundraising is subject to uncertainty. 

Therefore,  based  on  the  availability  of  funds  under  the  Aspire  facility,  and  ability  to  reduce  both  R&D  and  other 
administrative  expenditure  costs  significantly  if  so  required,  management  believes  the  Group’s  financial  prospects  are 
sufficient to fund future operations for at least the next twelve months.  

Ultimately, the Group will require additional capital in order to develop and commercialise our current product candidates 
or any product candidates that we acquire, if any, particularly for the period beyond the next twelve months. There can be 
no assurance that additional funds will be available when we need them on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If 
adequate funds are not available on a timely basis, we may be required to terminate or delay development for one or more 
of our product candidates.  

These  matters  indicate  the  existence  of  conditions  that  give  rise  to  a  material  uncertainty  (specifically,  the  reliance  on 
fundraising, which is not guaranteed, to facilitate the Group's operating activities) which may cast significant doubt on the 
Group's ability to continue as a going concern. Notwithstanding these uncertainties, the Directors have concluded that there 
is  a  reasonable  expectation  that  the  Group  has  the  ability  to  continue  to  raise  such  funding  and  therefore  consider  it 
appropriate  to  prepare  the  financial  statements  on  a  going  concern  basis.  The  financial  statements  do  not  include  any 
adjustments to the carrying amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities that would result if the Group was unable 
to continue as a going concern. 

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 
Events  occurring  after  the  year  end  and  required  to  be  disclosed  are  detailed  in  note  20  of  the  notes  to  the  financial 
statements.  

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES  
The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable 
laws and regulations. 

Company law requires the directors to prepare Group and Parent company financial statements for each financial year. Under 
that  law  the  directors  have  elected  to  prepare  the  Group  and  Parent  company  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
International  Financial  Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the EU.   Under company law the directors must not 
approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group 
and the Company and the profit or loss of the Group for that period. 

The Group financial statements are required by law and IFRS as adopted by the EU to present fairly the financial position and 
performance of the Group; the Companies Act 2006 provides in relation to such financial statements that references in the 
relevant part of that Act to financial statements giving a true and fair view are references to their achieving a fair presentation. 
The Parent company financial statements are required by law to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Parent 
company. 

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AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

In preparing these financial statements the directors are required to: 
• 
• 
• 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 
make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
state  whether  they  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRS  as  adopted  by  the  EU  subject  to  any  material 
departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Group and 
the parent company will continue in business. 

• 

The directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time 
the financial position of the Group and Parent company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply 
with the Companies Act 2006 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation.  They have general responsibility for taking such steps 
as are reasonably open to safeguard the assets of the Group and Parent company and to prevent and detect fraud and  
other irregularities.  

The directors consider that the Annual Report, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the 
information necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s performance, business model and strategy.  

DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS 

So far as each of the directors is aware at the time the report is approved: 
• 
• 

there is no relevant audit information of which the Group’s auditors are unaware; and 
the directors have taken all steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any relevant audit 
information and to establish that the auditors are aware of that information 

This report was approved by the board on 4 June 2021 and signed on its behalf. 

Clive Richardson                                                                                           
Director 

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AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

STRATEGIC REPORT 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

REVIEW OF BUSINESS 

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing treatments for acute and chronic inflammation, 
specifically through the inhibition of the complement and leukotriene pathways. Each of these systems has scientifically 
well-supported  causative  roles  in  the  diseases  being  targeted  by  us.  We  believe  that  blocking  early  mediators  of 
inflammation will prevent initiation and continual amplification of the processes that cause certain diseases. 

Ticks have undergone 300 million years of natural selection to produce inhibitors that bind tightly to key highly-conserved 
inflammatory mediators, are generally well tolerated in humans, and remain fully functional when a host is repeatedly 
exposed to the molecule. Our molecules are derived from these inhibitors. 

Our  lead product  candidate, nomacopan  inhibits  both  terminal  complement  activation  and  leukotriene  B4, or  LTB4.  It 
inhibits terminal complement activation by tightly binding to C5 and preventing its cleavage and activation by complement. 
It inhibits LTB4 by capturing the fatty acid within the body of the nomacopan protein. By preventing C5 activation of 
complement nomacopan can stop formation of the anaphylatoxin C5a which activates cells, including granulocytes and T 
and B cells, via two G protein coupled receptors, or GPCRs, and also prevents formation of the membrane attack complex, 
or MAC which activates cells including endothelial cells. C5a and the MAC cause and maintain a proinflammatory and 
prothrombotic  state.  LTB4  also  activates  cells  via  two  separate  GPCRs  and  can  independently  cause  and  maintain  a 
proinflammatory state. The importance of nomacopan’s (formerly Coversin) dual inhibitory action is therefore twofold. 
First, it can prevent inflammatory and prothrombotic activities of two key pathways, and second, the pathways can be 
independently  activated,  for  example  terminal  complement  activation  can  be  induced  by  IgG,  IgM,  carbohydrates  and 
damage  associated  molecular  patterns  and  LTB4  synthesis  can  be  induced  by  engagement  of  Fc  gamma  receptors, 
cytokines, toll-like receptors, C5a and MAC. 

Nomacopan is a recombinant small protein (16,740 Da) derived from a protein originally discovered in the saliva of the 
Ornithodoros moubata tick, where it modulates the host immune system to allow the parasite to feed without alerting the 
host to its presence or provoking an immune response. 

Nomacopan has received orphan drug status from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA, and the European 
Medicines Agency, or the EMA, for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, or PNH, Guillain Barré Syndrome, or GBS, 
high-risk  hematopoietic  stem  cell  transplant-associated  thrombotic  microangiopathy,  or  HSCT-TMA,  and  bullous 
pemphigoid,  or  BP.    Orphan  drug  designation  provides  us  with  certain  benefits  and  incentives,  including  a  period  of 
marketing exclusivity if regulatory approval of the drug is ultimately received for the designated indication. The receipt of 
orphan drug designation status does not change the regulatory requirements or process for obtaining marketing approval 
and the designation does not mean that marketing approval will be received. We intend to apply in the future for orphan 
drug designation in additional indications we deem appropriate. 

We have received Fast Track designation from the FDA for the investigation of nomacopan for the treatment of patients 
with moderate and severe BP, for treatment of pediatric HSCT-TMA and for the treatment of PNH in patients who have 
polymorphisms conferring Soliris® (eculizumab) resistance. The Fast Track program was created by the FDA to facilitate 
the development and expedite the review of new drugs which show promise in treating a serious or life-threatening disease 
and address an unmet medical need. Drugs that receive this designation benefit from more frequent communications and 
meetings with the FDA to review the drug’s development plan including the design of the proposed clinical trials, use of 
biomarkers and the extent of data needed for approval. Drugs with Fast Track designation may also qualify for priority 
review to expedite the FDA review process, if relevant criteria are met. 

Our  clinical  targets  for  nomacopan  are  orphan  inflammatory  diseases  where  the  inhibition  of  both  C5  and  LTB4  are 
implicated, including bullous pemphigoid, or BP, pediatric HSCT-TMA, and as well as inflammatory conditions in the eye 
and  lung  including  dry  eye,  dry  AMD  and  COVID-19  pneumonia.  Our  clinical  programs  are  in  different  stages  of 
development ranging from Phase I to Phase III.    

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AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

STRATEGIC REPORT 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

RESULTS AND DIVIDENDS 

Research  and  development  expenses  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2020  were  approximately  $12,192,000  (2019: 
$16,646,000). This $4,454,000 decrease is primarily due to decreased expenditure relating to clinical trials related to the 
halting of the AKC study and the delay of the start of the HSCT-TMA study.  

Administrative expenses for the year ended 31 December 2020 were approximately $7,910,000 (2019: $8,291,000). This 
$381,000 decrease was primarily due to favorable foreign currency movements. 

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended 31 December 2020 was $16,951,000 (2019: $12,257,000). Net cash 
flow used in operating activities was primarily attributed to our ongoing research activities to support nomacopan, including 
manufacturing, clinical trial and preclinical activities. 

Net cash provided by financing activities was $25,074,000 (2019: $$11,987,000). 

Cash and cash equivalents increased to approximately $14,056,000 at 31 December 2020 (2019: $5,732,000).    

The Group made a loss of $17,597,000 (2019: $21,764,000). The loss for the Group is in line with the expected performance 
and the Directors are satisfied with the results for the year. 

No dividends were paid during the year (2019: $Nil) and the directors do not propose a final dividend. 

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

Financing 
The Group requires additional funding to continue its future operations and planned research and development activities.   
The directors recognise that the Group may not be able to obtain financing on favourable terms and the terms of the Group’s 
finance  arrangements  may  be  dilutive.  The  Group  may  also  seek  additional  funding  through  arrangements  with 
collaborators and other third parties.  These types of arrangements may require the Group to relinquish rights to internally 
developed technology, product candidates or products.  If the Group is unable to obtain additional funding on a timely 
basis, the Group may be required to curtail or terminate some or all of its research or development programs, including 
some or all of its product candidates. Additionally, the report of the Group’s statutory audit firm on its financial statements 
for the period ended December 31, 2020, includes an explanatory paragraph raising substantial doubt about its ability to 
continue as a going concern as a result of recurring losses from operations and net capital deficiency. The Group’s future 
is dependent upon its ability to obtain financing in the future. This opinion could materially limit the Group’s ability to 
raise funds.  

We plan to raise additional funds from external sources and/or from Aspire Capital. As of 3 June 2020, $22.0 million was 
available for drawdown under the Company’s equity line with Aspire Capital. The availability of funds under the Aspire 
facility could extend the Company’s ability to fund operations into June 2022 without any subsequent adjustment to the 
preliminary forecast. Furthermore, the Company currently intends to pursue other external fundraising sources within the 
fiscal year 2021. There can be no assurance that additional funds will be available when we need them on terms that are 
acceptable to us, or at all. 

Early stage development 
The Group is an early stage development Group with limited history of trading on which future projections can be based.  
There is no guarantee that the Group will succeed in growing its current business or that the Group will be able to provide  
or  maintain  sufficient  resources  required  for  operations  in  the  development  and  introduction  of  its  products.    A  large 
majority of early stage development companies fail to achieve their business plans mainly due to lack of being able to 
estimate the speed of new market entrants and the costs associated with entering markets and obtaining market share. 

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AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

STRATEGIC REPORT 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES (continued) 

Drug development 
The  Group’s  approach  to  drug  development  is  complex  and  all  of  the  product  candidates  are  in  an  early  stage  of 
development with a high risk of failure.  It is impossible to predict when or if any of the product candidates will prove 
effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatory approval. 

Further common challenges for similar companies and the Group is to: 

•  Find a stable active product or formulation without extensive clinical trials and substantial additional 

costs or create adequate assay for the products for formulation or clinical testing purposes; 

•  Manufacture, and/or formulate sufficient amounts of its product candidates or upscale or optimise such 

synthesis so as to enable efficient production of scale; 

•  Find safe and effective doses and dose ratios for its product candidates without extensive clinical trials 

and substantial additional costs; 

•  Obtain sufficient supply or quality of product candidates supply or materials to produce product 

candidates or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials; and 

•  Establish manufacturing capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to supply materials to 

make product candidates, or manufacture clinical trial drug supplies. 

Departure of and search for executive officers 
The Group’s success depends on its ability to hire and retain the services of its current executive officers, directors, principal 
consultants and others. In addition, the Group has established relationships with universities and research institutions which 
have historically provided, and continue to provide, us with access to research laboratories, clinical trials, facilities and 
patients. The loss of the services of any of these individuals or institutions has had and could have a material adverse effect 
on the Group’s business. Dov Elefant resigned as our Chief Financial Officer in September 2019. Torsten Hombeck was 
appointed to serve as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer June 2020. In May 2018, David Horn Solomon resigned as 
Chief Executive Officer and member of the Company’s board. Clive Richardson, who was then serving as the Company’s 
Chief Operating Officer, was appointed to serve as the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer and became the Chief 
Executive Officer in July 2019.  

Retention of key management staff is an underlying risk of the business.  

Market acceptance 
The Group is not guaranteed that any of its product candidates will gain market acceptance amongst physicians, patients, 
healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies or other customers. 

The Group’s clinical trials in humans may show that the doses or dose ratios selected based on screening, animal testing 
or early clinical trials do not achieve the desired therapeutic result in humans, or achieve these results only in a small part 
of the population.  The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or other regulatory agencies in the United States and 
foreign jurisdictions may determine that these clinical trials do not support the Group’s conclusion.  The Group may be 
required  to  conduct  additional  long-term  clinical  studies  and  provide  more  evidence  substantiating  the  safety  and 
effectiveness of the doses or dose ratios selected in a significant patient population. 

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AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

STRATEGIC REPORT 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES (continued) 

Intense competition from powerful competitors 
Many  companies,  universities  and  research  organisations  developing  product  candidates  have  greater  resources  and 
significantly greater experience in financial, research and development, manufacturing, marketing, sales, distribution and 
technical regulatory matters than the Group has.  These competitors could commence and complete clinical testing of their 
products, obtain regulatory approval, and begin commercial-scale manufacturing of their products faster than the Group is 
able to, thus resulting in a situation whereby the Group may not be able to commercialise its product candidates or achieve 
a competitive position in the market. 

Product liability exposure 
The Group faces exposure to product liability and other claims if its product candidates, products or processes are alleged 
to have caused harm.  These risks are inherent in testing, manufacturing, and marketing human therapeutic products.  If the 
Group is sued for any injury caused by its products, product candidates or processes, the Group’s liability could exceed its 
product liability insurance coverage and its total assets.  Claims against the Group, regardless of their merit or potential 
outcome,  may  also  generate  negative  publicity  or  damage  the  Group’s  ability  to  obtain  physician  endorsement  of  its 
products or expand its business. 

Intellectual Property 
The Group may be unable to protect the intellectual property relating to its product candidates, or if it infringes the rights 
of others, its ability to successfully commercialise its product candidates may be harmed.  The Group owns or hold licenses 
to a number of issued patents (foreign and foreign counterparts) and pending patent applications.  The Group’s success 
depends in part on its ability to obtain patent protection both in the United States and in other countries for its product 
candidates,  as  well  as  the  methods  for  treating  patients  in  the  product  indications  using  these  product  candidates.  The 
Group’s ability to protect its product candidates from unauthorised or infringing use by third parties depends in substantial 
part on its ability to obtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents. Due to evolving legal standards relating to the 
patentability, validity and enforceability of patents covering pharmaceutical inventions and the scope of claims made under 
these patents, the Group’s ability to obtain, maintain and enforce patents is uncertain and involves complex legal and factual 
questions. Even if the Group’s product candidates, as well as methods for treating patients for prescribed indications using 
these product candidates are covered by valid and enforceable patents and have claims with sufficient scope, disclosure 
and support in the specification, the patents will provide protection only for a limited amount of time. Accordingly, rights 
under  any  issued  patents  may  not  provide  the  Group  with  sufficient  protection  for  a  commercial  advantage  against 
competitive products or processes 

Impact of Coronavirus Outbreak 
In late 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, known as COVID-19, was reported in Wuhan, China. Epidemics such as this 
can adversely impact our business as a result of disruptions, such as travel bans, quarantines, and interruptions to access 
the trial sites and supply chains, which could result in material delays and complications with respect to our research and 
development programs and clinical trials. Moreover, as a result of the COVID-19, there is a general unease of conducting 
unnecessary activities in medical centers. For example, the Phase I/II clinical trial in patients with AKC study has been 
halted and the opening of sites for the Phase III clinical trial in pediatric patients with HSCT-TMA was delayed until the 
end of 2020. It is too early to assess the full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on trials for nomacopan, but it has affected 
and is likely to continue to affect our ability to complete recruitment in our original timeframe. The extent to which the 
COVID-19s  impacts  our  operations  will  depend  on  future  developments,  which  are  highly  uncertain  and  cannot  be 
predicted with confidence, including the duration and severity of the outbreak, and the actions that may be required to 
contain the COVID-19 or treat its impact. In particular, the continued spread of the COVID-19 globally could adversely 
impact our operations and workforce, including our research and clinical trials and our ability to raise capital, could affect 
the  operations  of  key  governmental  agencies,  such  as  the  FDA,  which  may  delay  the  development  of  our  product 
candidates, and could result in the inability of our suppliers to deliver components or raw materials on a timely basis or at 
all, each of which in turn could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operation.   

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

STRATEGIC REPORT 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

The Group finances its operations using cash generated by the sale of equity instruments in the Group.  The cash flow of 
the Group is monitored on a regular basis to ensure the Group has sufficient funding to meet its capital and operational 
requirements. 

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 

The  Group  is  a  clinical-stage  biopharmaceutical  company  focused  on  developing  inhibitors  of  acute  and  chronic 
inflammation, specifically the complement system, the eicosanoid system or leukotriene system and the bioamine system 
for the treatment of rare and orphan diseases. 

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS  

The directors consider the key performance indicators to be the research and development spend.  This allows the Directors 
to manage the on-going activities and strategies for further development of the Group.  

The key performance indicators are measured and reviewed on a regular basis at Board meetings and enable the Directors 
to communicate the performance of the Group against predetermined targets.  

Key financial performance indicators:  

Research and Development spend – 2020: $12,192,000 (2019: $16,646,000) 
Cash and cash equivalents position – 2020: $14,056,000 (2019: $5,732,000) 

SECTION 172 STATEMENT  

When making decisions, the Directors of Akari Therapeutics Plc (“Akari” or the “Company”) act in the way they consider 
is most likely to promote the success of the Company, for the benefit of its members as a whole, while also considering the 
broad range of stakeholders who interact with the business.  

Our strategy is to clinically develop new drugs for orphan inflammatory diseases.   

In striving to achieve our goal to develop new therapeutic medicines, our business touches the lives of many people. We 
exist in a complex and evolving regulatory and scientific environment and as a result we have a number of key stakeholder 
groups. Considering the interests of our stakeholders is fundamental to the way in which the Company operates. Our Values 
and Code of Ethics empower employees to make the best decisions in the interest of the Company and our stakeholders, 
and help to ensure that these considerations are made not only at Board level, but throughout our organization.  

Post  the  reporting  period  end,  the  directors  of  the  Company  (“Directors”)  have  continued  to  take  into  account  the 
Company’s stakeholders, including the potential impact of its future activities on the community, the environment and the 
Company’s reputation when making decisions. The Directors also continue to take all necessary measures to ensure the 
Company is acting in good faith and fairly between members and is promoting the success of the Company for its members 
in the long term. 

The table below serves as our Section 172 statement by setting out the key stakeholder groups, their interests and how the 
Company engages with them. Akari’s key stakeholders include its investors, employees, regulatory bodies and suppliers. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

STRATEGIC REPORT 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Stakeholder  

Our Investors 

Our Employees  

Regulatory bodies  

Why we engage  

How we engage  

The  Board 
and  management 
maintain a regular and constructive 
dialogue with existing and potential 
the 
investors 
Company’s 
and 
performance  to  promote  investor 
confidence  and  ensure  continued 
access to capital. 

to  communicate 
strategy 

to 

Akari 
the 
staff  are  key 
Company’s success. Fully engaged 
staff  lead  to  a  more  productive, 
innovative  and  happier  workplace 
benefiting the performance of Akari 
as a whole. Our engagement seeks 
to  address  any  employee  concerns 
regarding  working 
conditions, 
health  &  safety, 
training  and 
development. Engagement with our 
employees  is  led  by  the  CEO  and 
the Chairman.  

regulations, 

and 
including 

Akari is subject to a wide range of 
listing 
laws, 
requirements 
the 
regulatory  framework  from  FDA, 
EMA 
regulatory 
agencies, the SEC, data protection, 
employment, 
tax,  environmental 
and health and safety legislation.  

other 

and 

•  Annual General Meetings 
•  Quarterly financial results 
•  One-to-one meetings by 

Directors and Management 
with analysts and institutional 
investors 

•  Investor outreach programs 

including attending virtual and 
in-person conferences and 
events and roadshows 
•  Press releases, webcasts 
•  Company website 

•  Competitive compensation and 

reward packages 

•  Staff are encouraged to attend 
relevant conferences and 
training courses for personal & 
company development 
•  Direct communications 

structure between the Board 
and the staff 

•  Company website 
•  EDGAR announcements  
•  Annual Report 
•  Direct contact and 

communications with 
regulators  

•  Compliance updates at Board 

Meetings  

•  Consistent risk review  

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

STRATEGIC REPORT 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Stakeholder  

Our Suppliers  

Why we engage  

How we engage  

We have several key suppliers with 
whom  we  have  built 
strong 
relationships. We establish rigorous 
tight  communication  channels  to 
ensure  our  working  relationship 
remains  collaborative  and  forward 
– focused, and to create a successful 
and fair collaboration.    

•  Building strong working 

relationships with suppliers 
through open two-way 
discussions and regular 
meetings. 

This report was approved by the Board on 4 June 2021 and signed on its behalf. 

Clive Richardson                                                                                           
Director 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS, PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT  

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

PART I - ANNUAL REPORT ON REMUNERATION 

Information provided in this section of the Directors’ Remuneration report is subject to audit.  

Single Total Figure of Remuneration for Each Director (subject to audit) 

The following table shows the compensation paid or accrued during the fiscal year ended 31 December 2020. 

Name of 
Director 

Salary 
and Fees 
($) 

Taxable 
Benefits 
($) 

Annual 
Bonus 
($)(4) 

Long-
term 
Incentive 
($) 

Option 
Awards 
($)(1) 

Pension 
Benefits 
($) 

2020 
Total  

2020 
Total 
Fixed  

2020 
Total 
variable 

Executive Director 

Ray Prudo 

412,000 

- 

206,000 

Clive Richardson 

503,941 

11,648 
(3) 

214,960 

Non-Employee Director 

James Hill, M.D. 

62,752 

Stuart Ungar, 
M.D. 

49,947 

David Byrne 

52,143 

Donald Williams 

56,838 

Peter 
Feldchreiber 

Michael 
Grissinger 

49,947 

39,338 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

19,611 

19,611 

19,611 

19,611 

19,611 

19,611 

- 

618,000  412,000 

206,000 

50,394 
(2) 

780,942  565,983 

214,960 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

82,363 

82,363 

69,558 

69,558 

71,754 

71,754 

76,499 

76,449 

69,558 

69,558 

58,949 

58,944 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

 (1) These amounts represent the aggregate grant date fair value for option awards for fiscal year 2020 computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 
718. A discussion of the assumptions used in determining grant date fair value may be found in note 16 to our Financial Statements.   

(2) Consists of company contributions to pension scheme. 

(3) Consists of company contributions to health benefits of $7,288 and life insurance premiums of $4,360. 

(4)  Bonuses are awarded on the basis of an assessment of the overall performance of the director concerned, rather than specific measures or targets. In 
respect of 2020, the annual bonus payments for the Executive Directors reflect their strong personal performance at a critical time for the business. Ray 
Prudo and Clive Richardson both received annual bonus payments of 100% of the maximum available respectively, of which 100% was paid in the first 
quarter of 2021. None of the awards is attributable to share price appreciation and no discretion was exercised as a result of share price appreciation or 
depreciation. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS, PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

The following table shows the compensation paid or accrued during the fiscal year ended 31 December 2019. 

Name of 
Director 

Salary 
and 
Fees ($) 

Taxable 
Benefits 
($) 

Annual 
Bonus 
($)(4) 

Long-
term 
Incentive 
($) 

Option 
Awards 
($)(1) 

Pension 
Benefits 
($) 

2019 
Total  

2019 
Total 
Fixed  

2019 
Total 
variable 

Executive Director 

Ray Prudo 

400,000 

- 

200,000 

Clive 
Richardson 

432,408 

9,798 (3) 

177,208 

Non-Employee Director 

James Hill, 
M.D. 

62,752 

Stuart Ungar, 
M.D. 

49,947 

David Byrne 

52,143 

Donald 
Williams 

Peter 
Feldchreiber 

Michael 
Grissinger 

56,838 

49,947 

39,338 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

600,000 

400,000 

200,000 

43,241 
(2) 

662,475 

485,447 

177,028 

17,259 

17,259 

17,259 

17,259 

17,259 

17,259 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

80,011 

80,011 

67,206 

67,206 

69,402 

69,402 

74,097 

74,097 

67,206 

67,206 

56,597 

56,597 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(1) These amounts represent the aggregate grant date fair value for option awards for fiscal year 2019 computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 
718. A discussion of the assumptions used in determining grant date fair value may be found in note 16 of our Financial Statements.   

(2) Consists of company contributions to pension scheme. 

(3) Consists of company contributions to health benefits of $7,401 and life insurance premiums of $2,397. 

(4)  Bonuses are awarded on the basis of an assessment of the overall performance of the director concerned, rather than specific measures or targets. 
In respect of 2020, the annual bonus payments for the Executive Directors reflect their strong personal performance at a critical time for the business. 
Ray Prudo and Clive Richardson both received annual bonus payments of 100% of the maximum available respectively, of which 100% was deferred 
in cash until the completion of certain operational activities planned for fiscal year 2020. None of the awards is attributable to share price appreciation 
and no discretion was exercised as a result of share price appreciation or depreciation. 

.

14 

 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS, PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Incentive Plan Awards (subject to audit) 

Akari  operates  an  equity  incentive  plan  (the  2014  Equity  Incentive  Plan,  or  2014  Plan)  under  which  directors  receive 
options to acquire ordinary shares in Akari.  Options awards granted during the fiscal year ended 31 December 2020 are 
as follows:  

Name of Director  Option 
Awards 
(1) 

Grant Date 

Exercise 
Price 

Face Value 
($) (2) 

Option 
Vesting Date 

Option 
Expiry Date 

James Hill 

1,300,000 

30/06/2020 

$0.0218 

19,611 

30/06/2021 

30/06/2030 

Stuart Ungar 

1,300,000 

30/06/2020 

$0.0218 

19,611 

30/06/2021 

30/06/2030 

David Byrne 

1,300,000 

30/06/2020 

$0.0218 

19,611 

30/06/2021 

30/06/2030 

Donald Williams 

1,300,000 

30/06/2020 

$0.0218 

19,611 

30/06/2021 

30/06/2030 

Michael Grissinger 

1,300,000 

30/06/2020 

$0.0218 

19,611 

30/06/2021 

30/06/2030 

Peter Feldschreiber 

1,300,000 

30/06/2020 

$0.0218 

19,611 

30/06/2021 

30/06/2030 

(1) Option awards are subject to time-based vesting without performance measures or targets other than continued service until the date of vesting. 

(2) These amounts represent the face value for option awards, calculated as the number of shares awarded (assuming full vesting) multiplied by the price 
per share implied by the market price per ADS, which is equal to the stated exercise price.  

Director’s shareholdings (subject to audit) 

The  table  below  shows,  for  each  director,  the  total  number  of  ordinary  shares  owned  (by  the  director  and  connected 
persons), the total number of those share options that were held and the number of share options vested as at 31 December 
2020. All share options are subject to time-based vesting without performance measures or targets other than continued 
service until the date of vesting. No director exercised any share options during the year ended 31 December 2020. 

Name of Director 

Ordinary Shares Owned 

Share Options 

Vest Share Options (1) 

Executive Director 

Ray Prudo (2) 

Clive Richardson 

Non-Employee Director 

James Hill 

Stuart Ungar 

David Byrne 

Donald Williams 

Michael Grissinger 

Peter Feldschreiber 

832,477,100 

- 

- 

10 

- 

20 

- 

- 

- 

- 

40,771,850 

29,646,850 

7,800,000 

7,800,000 

7,800,000 

8,550,000 

5,200,000 

5,200,000 

15 

6,500,000 

6,500,000 

6,500,000 

7,250,000 

3,250,000 

3,250,000 

 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS, PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

(1) All share options that were outstanding as at 31 December 2020 use time-based vesting and are not subject to performance targets other than continued 
service until the date of vesting. None of the options have been exercised. 

(2) Represents the entire holdings of RPC Pharma Limited and Dr. Ray Prudo and includes warrants to purchase 9,210,500 ordinary shares (equivalent 
to 92,105 ADSs) at an exercise price of $0.03 per share (or $3.00 per ADS) which expire on July 1, 2024 and warrants to purchase additional 7,500,000 
ordinary shares (equivalent to 75,000 ADSs) at an exercise price of $0.02 per share (or $2.20 per ADS) which expire on February 21, 2025. Dr. Prudo 
has voting and dispositive control over the ordinary shares held by RPC Pharma Limited and owns approximately 67.8% of RPC’s outstanding shares 
(including option grants), including 10.6% of RPC’s outstanding shares held in trust for Dr. Ungar. Dr. Prudo disclaims beneficial ownership except to 
the extent of his actual pecuniary interest in such shares  

The remainder of this Directors’ Remuneration Report is not subject to audit. 

Illustration of Total Shareholder Return 

The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return on Akari’s ADSs, each representing 100 ordinary 
shares, with that of the Nasdaq Biotech Index from the period that Akari’s ADSs were publicly traded on The Nasdaq 
Capital Market through 31 December 2020. Akari selected the Nasdaq Biotech Index because Akari’s ADSs trade on The 
NASDAQ Capital Market and Akari believes this indicates its relative performance against a group consisting of more 
similarly situated companies. 

16 

 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS, PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Chief Executive Total Remuneration History 

The table below sets out total remuneration details for the Chief Executive Officer. 

Period 

Annual Bonus 

Single total 
figure of 
remuneration 
$ 

2020 Clive Richardson 
2019 Clive Richardson (9) 
2018 (Davids Solomon) (1) 
2017 (Gur Roshwalb and 
David Solomon) (1) 
2016 (Gur Roshwalb) 
2015 (Gur Roshwalb) 
2014 (Gur Roshwalb) 
2013 (Gur Roshwalb) (2) 
2012 (3) 

503,941 
432,408 
173,611 
1,338,253 

581,250 
7,306,951 
410,564 
576,389 
- 

214,960 
177,028 
- 
119,041 (5) 

187,500 
86,625 
- 
- 
- 

Short-term 
incentive 
payout against 
maximum (10) 
- 
- 
- 
100% (6) 

Option Award 
($) 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Option 
Awards 
against 
maximum (4) 
- 
- 
- 
- 

125% (7) 
100% (8) 
- 
- 
- 

- 
6,863,034 
60,564 
173,396 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(1)  Dr. Roshwalb resigned as Akari’s Chief Executive Officer on 29 May 2017 and David Solomon was appointed as Akari’s Chief Executive Officer 

on 28 August 2017 and resigned 8 May 2018. 

(2)  Dr. Roshwalb was appointed as Akari’s Chief Executive Officer on 4 March 2013. 
(3)  Akari was not a quoted company in 2012. 
(4)  All options were awarded on a discretionary basis on an annual basis. 
(5) 
(6)  Bonus was awarded in 2017 but calculated from Dr. Solomon’s appointment on 28 August 2017. 
(7)  Bonus was awarded in 2016 but calculated for a 15-month period from the date of the acquisition of Volution Immuno Pharmaceutical SA on 18 

Includes a $50,000 signing bonus. 

September 2015.  

(8)  Bonus was awarded in 2015 but calculated for a 9-month period until the date of the acquisition of Volution Immuno Pharmaceutical SA on 18 

September 2015.  

(9)  Clive Richardson was appointed Interim Chief Executive on 8 May 2018 and Chief Executive Officer on 18 July 2019.  
(10)  All cash bonuses to Clive Richardson were awarded on a discretionary annual basis. 

Directors’s Remuneration Compared to Other Employees 

The table below shows the percentage change in remuneration of each director and the parent company’s non-director 
employees on a full-time equivalent basis between the year ended 31 December 2019 and the year ended 31 December 
2020. 

Executive Director 

Ray Prudo 
Clive Richardson 
Non-employee Director 
James Hill, M.D. 
Stuart Ungar, M.D. 
David Byrne 
Donald Williams 
Peter Feldschreiber 
Michael Grissinger 
Other Employees 

Change in Remuneration in year ended 31 December 2020 compared with 
remuneration in the year ended 31 December 2019 

Salary and Fees 

Taxable Benefits 

Annual Bonus 

3% 
17% 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
23% 

17 

19% 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(9%) 

3% 
21% 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
8% 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS, PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Relative Importance of Spend on Pay 

The following table sets forth the total amounts spent by the Company on remuneration for the year ended 31 December 
2020 and the year ended 31 December 2019. Given that Akari remains in the early phases of its business life cycle, the 
comparator chosen to reflect the relative importance of Akari’s spend on pay is Akari’s research and development costs as 
shown in its Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended 31 December 2020. 

Period 

Total spend on remuneration 

Shareholder distributions 

Research and development costs 

Year Ended 
31 December 2020 
$ 
3,505,737 

- 

12,241,000 

Year Ended 
31 December 2019 
$ 
3,094,347 

- 

16,646,000 

Implementation of remuneration policy for year ending 31 December 2020 

Our  director  compensation program  is  administered  by  our  board of  directors  with  the  assistance  of  the  compensation 
committee. The compensation committee conducts an annual review of director compensation and makes recommendations 
to the board with respect thereto. 

The shareholders approved our Directors Remuneration Policy on June 30, 2020 to provide a framework for the Directors’ 
compensation packages. In addition, the Company has a non-employee director compensation policy, which was amended 
and restated on November 19, 2015 and was subsequently amended on June 29, 2016, January 26, 2017, January 23, 2018, 
January 8, 2019 and on January 9, 2020. The Company does not intend to make any significant changes in the way that the 
Directors Remuneration Policy will be implemented in 2021 compared to how it was implemented in 2021 and does not 
expect any deviations from the procedure for the implementation of the Directors Remuneration Policy set out in the policy. 
On December 7, 2020, our Compensation Committee resolved that the cash compensation and committee membership fees 
for the fiscal year 2021 would remain the same as they were for 2020. As a result, our non-employee directors will be 
compensated for service on our board of directors as follows in 2021: 

 

 

 

 

 

an annual retainer for service on the board of directors of $39,338; 

an  annual  retainer  for  service  as  a  member  of  the  compensation  committee  and  nominating  and 
governance committee of $5,305; 

an annual retainer for service as a member of the audit committee of $7,500; 

for the chairman of the compensation committee, and nominating and governance committee, an annual 
retainer of $10,609; 

for the chairperson of the audit committee, an annual retainer of $17,500; 

The following table presents the salary increases agreed for the upcoming fiscal year (with the agreed increases for the year 
ended 31 December 2020 presented as comparative information) 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
   
  
  
  
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS, PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Director 

Executive Director 

31 
December 
2019 

31 
December 
2020 

Increase % 

31 
December 
2020 

31 
December 
2021 

Increase % 

Ray Prudo (2) 

$400,000 

$412,000 

Clive Richardson (3) 

£337,428 

£382,306 

3% 

13% 

$412,000 

$412,000 

£382,306 

£382,306 

Non-Employee Director 

James Hill, M.D. 

$62,752 

$62,752 

Stuart Ungar, M.D. 

$49,947 

$49,947 

David Byrne 

$52,143 

$52,143 

Donald Williams 

$56,838 

$56,838 

Peter Feldschreiber 

$39,338 

$39,338 

Michael Grissinger 

$49,947 

$49,947 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

$62,752 

$62,752 

$49,947 

$49,947 

$52,143 

$52,143 

$56,838 

$56,838 

$39,338 

$39,338 

$49,947 

$49,947 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

(1)  Additional discretionary bonuses may be awarded in accordance with contractual entitlement and the remuneration policy. 
(2)  2019-2020 increase represents an increase in line with inflation.  
(3)  2019-2020 increase represents an increase in line with Mr. Richardson’s increased duties as Chief Executive Officer. 

Compensation Committee Approach to Remuneration Matters 

The Compensation Committee is comprised of Dr. James Hill (Chairman), Dr. Stuart Ungar, and Mr. David Byrne. Dr. 
James Hill, as Chairman of our Compensation Committee, reports, in respect of 2020, that the annual bonus payments for 
the Executive Directors reflect their strong personal performance at a critical time for the business. Ray Prudo and Clive 
Richardson both received annual bonus payments of 100% of the maximum available respectively, of which 100% was 
paid in the first quarter 2021. For the year ending 31 December 2021, our Compensation Committee resolved that the cash 
compensation and committee membership fees of Non-Executive Directors would remain the same as they were for 2020 
to reflect the developmental stage of the Company. All members have continued to serve until the date of this Directors’ 
Remuneration Report. The charter of the Committee is set forth on Akari’s website at http://www.akaritx.com. No person 
other  than  a  member  of  the  Compensation  Committee  provided  to  the  Committee  advice,  or  services,  that  materially 
assisted the Committee in their consideration of matters relating to the directors’ remuneration for 2020 or remuneration 
issues during the consideration of an individual’s nomination as a director. 

Statement of Voting at AGM 

Akari  is  committed  to  ongoing  shareholder  dialogue  and  the  Compensation  Committee  takes  an  active  interest  in 
shareholder views and voting outcomes. 

In respect of the last resolution to approve the Directors’ Remuneration Report at the 2020 AGM, of the 1,055,203,832 
votes cast in respect of the above resolution 1,023,958,776 votes were in favour of this resolution, 12,885,200 votes were 
against and 18,359,856 votes abstained. 

In respect of the last resolution to approve the Directors’ Remuneration Policy at the 2020 AGM, of the 1,055,203,832 
votes cast in respect of the above resolution 955,625,587 votes were in favour of this resolution, 18,166,700 votes were 
against and 81,411,545 votes abstained. 

19 

 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

PART II - DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION POLICY  

INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS SECTION OF THE DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT IS 
NOT SUBJECT TO AUDIT.  

This section sets out the Directors’ Remuneration Policy (“Policy”) of Akari Therapeutics, Plc (“Akari”), which was 
approved by shareholders at the 2020 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders (“AGM”). The Policy provides Akari’s 
compensation framework from the date of its approval at the AGM and for a period of three years thereafter, unless 
changes to the Policy are required earlier and a new Policy is put to shareholder vote. 

For the avoidance of doubt, in approving the Directors’ remuneration policy, authority is given to Akari to honour any 
commitments entered into with current or former Directors (such as the payment of a pension, fees or the vesting/exercise 
of past share option awards) for the periods for which they apply.  

Akari’s remuneration policy seeks to provide compensation packages which will attract, motivate, reward and retain an 
executive  team  with  the  right  calibre  of  talent,  experience,  and  skills  to  lead  a  successful  future  for  Akari.  Akari’s 
compensation  framework  is  designed  to  provide  a  competitive  package  in  comparison  to  companies  of  similar  size, 
complexity,  maturity  profile  and  geographic  presence.  Elements  of  compensation  packages  which  are  subject  to 
performance conditions as noted in the Group’s remuneration policy may include key performance indicators (KPIs), both 
financial and non-financial, which are an important component of the information needed to explain a company’s progress 
towards  its  stated  goals.  Other  elements  which  are  not  subject  to  performance  measures  are  considered  an  important 
component of attracting and retaining UK resident employees, including Executive Directors. 

The table below sets out the main elements of Akari’s remuneration policy for its Executive Directors and seeks to explain 
how each element of the compensation package operates: 

Policy table – Executive Directors  

Element 

Base salary 

Purpose  and  link 
to strategy 

Support the 
recruitment and 
retention of 
Executive officers 

Pension 

Encourages 
and 
enables  executives 
to build savings for 
their retirement 

Operation 

Maximum opportunity 

• Base salary levels are 

set taking into 
account the role, 
responsibilities and 
individuals 
experience in the 
position, performance 
of the individual and 
Akari. 

• Base salaries are 

typically reviewed 
annually 

• There is no prescribed 
maximum increase nor 
any requirement to 
increase salary at any 
time. 

• By exception, higher 

increases may be made 
to reflect individual 
circumstances. These 
may include significant 
changes in the job size 
or complexity and/or 
promotion. 

Performance  metrics 
and 
recovery 
provisions 

• None, although 

overall performance 
of the individual is 
considered when 
setting and reviewing 
salaries. 

• No provisions for 

recovery or 
withholding of sums 
as this is not 
performance-related. 

• Akari typically 

• Currently up to 10% of 

• None. 

salary per annum. 

makes contributions 
to pension plans (or 
retirement savings 
plans) to match 
prevailing local 
market practices. 

• No provisions for 

recovery or 
withholding of sums 
as this is not 
performance-related. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Other Benefits 

market 

Provide 
competitive 
benefits  in  a  cost-
effective way 

Bonus 

To 
the 
reward 
delivery  of  annual 
targets as well as to 
recognise 
the 
individual 
contributions 
towards  our  key 
strategic 
achievements 

• No prescribed 

• None. 

maximum.  The cost of 
benefits will vary from 
year to year in 
accordance with the 
cost of insuring such 
benefits. 

• No provisions for 

recovery or 
withholding of sums 
as this is not 
performance-related. 

The maximum annual 
bonus payable for any 
financial year is capped at 
100% of salary, although 
the Compensation 
Committee reserves the 
right to vary this amount 
in exceptional 
circumstances. 

• Where performance 

conditions are 
attached to a bonus 
payment, targets are 
either fixed 
contractually or 
selected by the 
Compensation 
Committee and set 
annually and can 
include key financial, 
operational and/or 
individual objectives. 
All assessments of 
performance against 
target is made by the 
Compensation 
Committee in its sole 
discretion. 

• No provisions for 

recovery or 
withholding of sums 
as the performance 
measures are 
considered adequate. 

• Provisions include 
medical insurance, 
life assurance, 
permanent health 
insurance, etc. 

• In exceptional 

circumstances, such 
as the relocation of 
an executive or for a 
new hire, additional 
benefits may be 
provided in the form 
of relocation 
allowance and 
benefits. 

• Other benefits may 

be offered if 
considered 
appropriate and 
reasonable by the 
Compensation 
Committee. 

• Any bonus is paid in 
cash typically within 
60 days after the end 
of the financial year 
to which it relates. 

• Performance 

objectives and targets 
are either fixed 
contractually or set 
annually and actual 
payout levels are 
determined after the 
year end, based on 
performance against 
targets subject to 
overriding discretion 
of the Compensation 
Committee. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Equity  incentive  plan 
(2014 Equity Incentive 
Plan) 

To motivate and 
reward long-term 
performance in 
alignment with the 
shareholder interests 
and value-creation 

• Awards may be 

• There is no 

• Where 

made periodically 
to Executive 
Officers in the 
form of options or 
in shares including 
stock appreciation 
rights, phantom 
stock awards or 
stock units. 

• Awards typically 
vest over three or 
four years and 
may be subject to 
phased vesting. 

specific maximum 
set for annual 
equity awards.  

When making 
awards, the 
Compensation 
Committee will take 
into account internal 
grant guidelines, 
which have been set 
in reference to local 
market norms.  

performance 
conditions are 
attached to an 
award, these 
typically include 
key financial, 
operational and/or 
individual 
objectives subject 
to overall 
Compensation 
Committee 
discretion. 

• No provisions for 

recovery or 
withholding of 
sums as the 
performance 
measures are 
considered 
adequate. 

CSOP  (UK  resident 
employees 
and 
directors only) 

• Executives are 

• Grant value of 

• None. 

£30,000 or local 
market rules as 
amended from 
time to time. 

eligible to 
participate in the 
all-employee 
CSOP Plan under 
the same 
conditions as all 
other employees.  

• No provisions for 

recovery or 
withholding of 
sums as this is not 
performance-
related. 

Policy table – Non-Executive Directors 

Akari’s  non-employee  compensation  policy  is  administered  by  its  board  of  directors  with  the  assistance  of  the 
Compensation  Committee.  The  Compensation  Committee  periodically  reviews  non-employee  director  compensation 
policy and makes recommendations to the board.  

Non-Executive Directors typically receive an annual retainer paid in cash for their service (depending on their additional 
membership and chairman responsibilities) and an annual grant of stock options but do not participate in the bonus plan to 
which Executive Officers are eligible, nor do they typically receive any other performance related payment. There are no 
elements  of  the  non-employee  director  compensation  policy  which  are  subject  to  performance  conditions  given  the 
necessity to maintain directors’ independence and board effectiveness in corporate governance, and accordingly there are 
no provisions for recovery or withholding of sums. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

The table below sets out some of the features of Akari’s current non-employee director compensation policy: 

Element 

Purpose and link to 
strategy 

Operation 

Maximum 
opportunity 

Performance 
metrics 

Annual 
Retainer Fee 

Cash 

Support the 
recruitment and 
retention of Non-
Executive Directors  

• None.  

• There is no 
prescribed 
maximum increase 
nor any 
requirement to 
increase salary at 
any time. 

• Each Non-

Executive Director 
serving on the 
Board receives an 
annual cash 
retainer, with 
additional amounts 
payable for acting 
as a chairman or a 
member of various 
committees. 

• In addition, the 

Chairman receive 
an additional cash 
retainer. 

• Annual cash 
retainers are 
typically payable 
on a quarterly 
basis with the 
exception of the 
Executive 
Chairman who is 
paid monthly. 

• A Non-Employee 
Director may elect 
to receive annual 
cash payments in 
the form of fully-
vested ordinary 
shares. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Share Options 

Strengthens the 
alignment to 
shareholders’ 
interests through 
share ownership  

• Normal initial 

• None. 

grant and annual 
grant of share 
options will be 
equal to 1,300,000 
(or equivalent 
value of ADS) but 
the Committee 
reserves the 
discretion to 
review and amend 
this amount. 

• Directors typically 
receive an annual 
grant of options in 
the form of market 
value options 
under the 2014 
Equity Incentive 
Plan.  

• These awards 

typically vest in 
full on the date of 
the next AGM 
following the date 
of grant, subject to 
the Non-Executive 
Director’s 
continued service 
on the Board, have 
a term of 10 years 
from date of grant, 
and vesting 
accelerates in the 
case of a change of 
control. 

The foregoing is qualified in its entirety by Akari’s current non-employee director compensation policy, as may be amended 
from time to time.  

Approach to recruitment compensation 
Akari’s policy is to pay a fair remuneration package for the role being undertaken and the experience of the individual to 
be appointed.  

Akari expects remuneration packages for Executive Directors to include base salary, targeted level of annual cash incentive, 
initial and ongoing equity-based awards, standard benefits and special provisions tailored to the recruiting situation, such 
as: sign-on bonus, reasonable relocation support and make-whole awards for remuneration forfeited from a prior employer 
(whether  on  account  of  cash  bonuses,  share  awards,  pension  benefits  or  other  forfeited  items).  The  Compensation 
Committee retains the discretion to provide additional cash, share based payment, benefits and other remuneration where 
necessary or useful to recruit new Executive Directors or to secure the ongoing service of existing Executive Directors.  

The remuneration package for any new Non-Executive Director will be set in accordance with the terms of Akari’s non-
employee director compensation policy then in effect. Akari expects remuneration packages for on-Executive Directors to 
include  an  annual  retainer  paid  in  cash  for  their  service  (depending  on  their  additional  membership  and  chairman 
responsibilities) and an annual grant of stock options. Non-Executive Directors do not participate in the bonus plan to 
which Executive Officers are eligible, nor do they typically receive any other performance related payment.  

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Director’s service contracts 

Akari’s board of directors is divided into three classes for purposes of election (Class A Directors, who serve a one year 
term before being subject to re-election at Akari’s annual general meeting; Class B Directors, who serve a two year term 
before being subject to re-election at the annual general meeting; and Class C Directors who serve a three year term before 
being subject to re-election at the annual general meeting, provided also that in any two year period, a majority of the board 
must stand for re-election).  

It is the Company’s policy that Executive Directors should have contracts with an indefinite term. Directors’ notice periods 
are set by the compensation committee, having regard to the need to attract and retain talent, ensure an orderly succession 
and  enable  the  Company  to  manage  its  personnel  while  avoiding  excessive  costs.  Service  contracts  are  available  for 
inspection at Akari’s registered office or 75/76 Wimpole Street London W1G 9RT. 

Policy on Payments for Loss of Office 

Akari’s  approach  to  payments  to  Executive  Directors  in  the  event  of  termination  is  to  take  account  of  the  individual 
circumstances including the reason for termination, individual performance, contractual obligations and the terms of any 
option award. 

Generally, Akari employment arrangements for Executive Directors include a notice provision and continuing payment 
obligations  as  per  the  individual  Executive  Director  service  contracts  following  termination  by  Akari  of  an  Executive 
Director without cause or termination by the Executive Director for good reason or change of control. Payment obligations, 
if any, include base salary, benefits, and all or some portion of target annual cash remuneration. Akari may offer payment 
in lieu of notice if it is considered to be in the best interests of Akari. 

Treatment  of  unvested  outstanding  equity  awards  will  be  determined  according  to  the  specific  nature  of  termination, 
individual contracts, and plan rules. 

The  Compensation  Committee  reserves  the  right  to  make  payments  it  considers  reasonable  under  a  compromise  or 
settlement agreement, including payment or reimbursement of reasonable legal and professional fees, and any payment or 
compensation (in whatever form) in respect of statutory rights under employment law in the US, UK or other jurisdictions. 
Payment or reimbursement (in whatever forms) of reasonable outplacement fees may also be provided. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Other relevant information considered 

As appropriate, the Compensation Committee considers the pay and conditions of the broader employee workforce, as well 
as the Consumer Price Index and Retail Price Index, when making compensation related decisions for the Directors. The 
Compensation  Committee  does  not  consult  employees,  other  than  Executive  Directors,  when  drafting  the  Directors’ 
remuneration policy. 

The Compensation Committee also considers shareholder feedback, so far as it relates to compensation, when reviewing 
of the appropriateness of its Policy. In addition, the Compensation Committee considers potential conflicts of interest and 
directors do not have sole discretion over their own remuneration. 

This report was approved by the board on 4 June 2021 and signed on its behalf. 

Clive Richardson 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF 

AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Opinion 
We have audited the financial statements of Akari Therapeutics Plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘group’) 
for the year ended 31 December 2020 which comprise the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss, the consolidated 
statement of financial position, the parent company statement of financial position, the consolidated statement of changing 
in equity, the parent company statement of changes in equity, the consolidated statement of cash flows, the parent company 
statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The 
financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  their  preparation  is  applicable  law  and  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. 

In our opinion, the financial statements: 

• give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 December 2020 and of 
the group’s loss for the year then ended; 
• have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; and 
• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. 
Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial 
statements section of our report. We are independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are 
relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, 
and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit 
evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Material uncertainty in relation to going concern 

We draw attention to note 1(c) in the financial statements, which outlines considerations relating to the group’s and parent 
company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The disclosure indicates that the group and parent company is reliant on 
additional  funding  to  meet  their  liabilities  as  they  fall  due.  These  circumstances  indicate  the  existence  of  a  material 
uncertainty which may cast significant doubt on the group’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not 
modified in respect of this matter. 

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the director's use of the going concern basis of accounting in 
the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. They have concluded that there is a material uncertainty which 
could cast significant doubt over the going concern status of the Group due to the impact of the requirement for additional 
fundraising, and we agree that this is adequately disclosed in the Directors’ Report and the accounting policies. 

The key risk identified was uncertainty around the ability of the Group and Parent Company to raise funds in order to 
continue operations. While the Group and Parent Company have a history of raising funds as required, past history is no 
guarantee that further fundraising will be successful.  Future fundraising could be delayed and the amounts arising from 
future fundraises are uncertain. A significant delay in the ability to raise funds would negatively impact the group’s ability 
to generate cash to meet its liabilities as and when they fall due. 

Our evaluation of the directors’ assessment of the entity’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting 
included an assessment of the inherent risks to the Group’s business model and how such risks may impact the ability to 
continue operations over the going concern assessment period. We also undertook the following procedures: 

-  We reviewed trading and fundraising activities after the reporting date and considered management’s assessment 

of the Group’s and Parent Company’s prospects regarding further fundraising. 

-  We reviewed cash flow forecasts prepared by management and assessed their adequacy, and also challenged the 

assumptions and judgements inherent within them. 

-  We assessed the Group’s and Parent Company’s ability to scale back operations and reduce costs as a means of 

preserving cash in the twelve months from approval of the financial statements. 

-  We have corroborated cash levels after the reporting date to consider whether they are in line with forecasts and 

investigated the reasons for any significant discrepancies. 

-  We reviewed prior period budgets and forecasts against actual performance to consider management’s ability to 

accurately forecast and budget. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF 

AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant 
sections of this report.   

An overview of the scope of our audit 
Our audit scope included all components and was performed to component materiality. Our audit work therefore covered 
100% of Group loss and total Group assets and liabilities. It was performed to the materiality levels set out below. 

Key audit matters 
Except for the matter described in the material uncertainty related to going concern section, we have determined that there 
are no other key audit matters to be communicated in our report. 

Our application of materiality 
We apply the concept of materiality both in planning and performing our audit, and in evaluating the effect of misstatements 
on our audit and on the financial statements. For the purposes of determining whether the financial statements are free from 
material misstatement we define materiality as the magnitude of misstatement that makes it probable that the economic 
decisions of a reasonably knowledgeable person, relying on the financial statements, would be changed or influenced. We 
determined overall materiality for the Group financial statements as a whole to be US$360,000 being 1.7% of expenditure 
for the year. We considered it appropriate to determine our materiality based on expenditure as we consider this to be the 
key metric in assessing the financial performance and position of the Group given its primary purpose is to undertake 
research  and development  activities.  On  the  basis  of  our risk  assessments,  together  with  our  assessment  of  the  overall 
control  environment,  we  apply  a  different  level  of  materiality,  performance materiality, to  determine  the  extent  of  our 
testing and this was set at 75% of the overall audit financial statements’ materiality, being $270,000. 

We agreed with management that we would report to the Audit Committee all audit differences in excess of US$18,000 as 
well as differences below that threshold that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds. We also report to the 
Audit  Committee  on  disclosure  matters  that  we  identified  when  assessing  the  overall  presentation  of  the  financial 
statements. 

Other information 
The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the 
annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements 
does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express 
any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, 
consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained 
in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material 
misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine  whether  there  is  a  material  misstatement  in  the  financial  statements  or  a 
material  misstatement  of  the other  information.  If,  based on  the  work  we  have  performed,  we  conclude  that  there  is a 
material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 
•  the  information  given  in  the  strategic  report  and  the  directors’  report  for  the  financial  year  for  which  the  financial 
statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 
• the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment obtained in the 
course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF 

AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 
2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 
• adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been 
received from branches not visited by us; or 
• the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 
• certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
• we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of directors 
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 4, the directors are responsible for the 
preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal 
control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  group’s  and  the parent  company’s 
ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern, disclosing,  as  applicable,  matters  related  to  going  concern  and  using  the going 
concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease 
operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance 
is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect 
a  material  misstatement  when  it  exists.  Misstatements  can  arise  from  fraud  or  error  and  are  considered  material  if, 
individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on 
the basis of these financial statements. 

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line 
with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The 
extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:  

Explanation as to what extent the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud 
The objectives of our audit, in respect to fraud are: to identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial 
statements due to fraud; to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the assessed risks of material misstatement 
due to fraud, through designing and implementing appropriate responses; and to respond appropriately to fraud or suspected 
fraud identified during the audit. However, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with 
both those charged with governance of the entity and management. Audit procedures performed by the engagement team 
included:  
- 

Inspecting correspondence with regulators, including receiving confirmation from legal service providers of no 
known instances of non-compliance; 

-  Discussions with management including consideration of known or suspected instances of non-compliance with 

laws and regulation and fraud; 

-  Evaluating management’s controls designed to prevent and detect irregularities; 
- 

Identifying and testing journals, in particular journal entries posted with significant or round sum values and those 
that significantly impact the reported loss;  

-  Challenging assumptions and judgements made by management in their critical accounting estimates, and; 
-  We assessed whether the Group’s control environment is adequate for the size and operating model of such a 

Group. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting 
Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF 

AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies 
Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are 
required to state to them in an Auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not 
accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit 
work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Christopher Cork (Senior Statutory Auditor) 

For and on behalf of Haysmacintyre LLP, Statutory Auditors 
04 June 2021 

10 Queen Street Place 
London 
EC4R 1AG 

30 

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Research and development expenses 
Administrative expenses 

Notes 

2020 
$000 

(12,192) 
(7,910) 

2019 
$000 

(16,646) 
(8,291) 

OPERATING LOSS 

2 

(20,102) 

(24,937) 

Fair value movement on liability related to options  
Net finance cost 

15 
3 

557 
(909) 

199 
(15) 

LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX 

(20,454) 

(24,753) 

Income Tax Credit 

LOSS FOR THE YEAR 

4 

2,857 

2,989 

(17,597) 

(21,764) 

Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income: 
Currency translation differences  

(300) 

4 

COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEAR 

(17,897) 

(21,760) 

Loss per share attributable to the ordinary equity holder 
of the parent: 
Basic and diluted (cents) 

5 

(0.56) 

(1.189) 

All losses are derived from continuing activities for the current and previous financial year. 

The Company has elected to take the exemption under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to present the parent 
company income statement. Refer note 5 for the results of the parent company.  

The notes on pages 38 to 56 form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

COMPANY NUMBER: 05252842 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2020 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Intangible Assets 

Current assets 
Trade and Other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents  

TOTAL ASSETS 

EQUITY 
Capital  and  reserves  attributable  to  the 
Company’s equity shareholders 
Called up share capital 
Share premium 
Capital Redemption reserve 
Other reserves 
Redenomination reserve 
Merger reserve 
Share based payment reserve 
Reverse Acquisition reserve 
Retained earnings  

TOTAL EQUITY  

LIABILITIES 
Non Current Liabilities 
Other long term liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
TOTAL LIABILITIES 

8 
7 

10 

13 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 

12 

11 

2020 

2019 
Restated* 

Notes 

$000 

$000 

1 January 
2019 
Restated* 
$000 

20 
33 
53 

9,846 
5,968 
15,814 

- 
27 
27 

3,512 
14,056 
17,568 

5 
30 
35 

4,218 
5,732 
9,950 

17,595 

9,985 

15,867 

385 
111,978 
50,593 
(687) 
1,601 
9,128 
16,987 
(20,983) 
(156,627) 
12,375 

31,987 
109,337 
- 
(387) 
- 
9,128 
13,462 
(20,983) 
(139,030) 
3,514 

23,651 
106,239 
- 
(391) 
- 
9,128 
12,413 
(20,983) 
(117,266) 
12,791 

- 

5,220 
5,220 

1,015 

5,456 
6,471 

- 

3,076 
3,076 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

17,595 

9,985 

15,867 

(*Please refer note 18 for restatement) 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 4 June 2021 and were 
signed below on its behalf by:               

Clive Richardson 
Director 

The notes on pages 38 to 56 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC 

                                                      COMPANY NUMBER: 05252842 

PARENT COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2020 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Investment in subsidiaries 

Current assets 
Trade and Other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents  

TOTAL ASSETS 

EQUITY 
Capital and reserves attributable to the 
Company’s equity shareholders 
Called up share capital 
Share premium 
Capital redemption reserve 
Redenomination reserve  
Merger reserve 
Share based payment reserve 
Retained earnings  
TOTAL EQUITY  

LIABILITIES 
Non Current Liabilities 
Other long term liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
TOTAL LIABILITIES 

2020 

2019 
Restated* 

Notes 

$000 

$000 

1 January 
2019 
Restated* 
$000 

8 
9 

10 

13 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 

12 

11 

- 
20,339 
20,339 

7,401 
14,014 
21,415 

5 
20,339 
20,344 

8,152 
5,716 
13,868 

20 
20,339 
20,359 

13,867 
5,914 
19,781 

41,754 

34,212 

40,140 

385 
111,978 
50,593 
1,601 
9,128 
16,987 
(153,976) 
36,696 

31,987 
109,337 
- 
- 
9,128 
13,462 
(136,067) 
27,847 

23,651 
106,239 
- 
- 
9,128 
12,413 
(114,278) 
37,153 

- 

5,058 
5,058 

1,015 

5,350 
6,365 

- 

2,987 
2,987 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

41,754 

34,212 

40,140 

(*Please refer note 18 for restatement) 

As  permitted  by  Section  408  of  the  Companies  Act  2006,  the  income  statement  of  the  parent  Company  is  not 
presented  as part of these financial statements. The parent  Company’s loss for the financial year was $17,909,000 
(2019: loss of $21,789,000). 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 4 June 2021 and were 
signed below on its behalf by:                      

Clive Richardson 
Director 

The notes on pages 38 to 56 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Share 

Share 

Capital 

Premium 

$000 

$000 

Other 
Reserve
s 

$000 

Redenomination  Merger 

Share 
Based 
Payment 

Reverse 
Acquis-
ition 

Capital 
Redemption 

Retained 

Reserve 

Reserve  Reserve  Reserve 

Reserve 

Earnings 

$000 

$000 

$000 

$000 

$000 

$000 

At 1 January 2019 

23,651 

106,030 

Correction of error* 
Restated total equity at the beginning of the financial year 

- 
23,651 

209 
106,239 

Comprehensive gain/ (loss) for the year 

Share based payments 

Shares Issued 

At 31 December 2019  

- 

- 

- 

- 

8,336 

2,835 

31,987 

109,074 

(387) 

Correction of error* 
Restated total equity at 31 December 2019 

- 
31,987 

263 
109,337 

Comprehensive gain/ (loss) for the year 

Share based payments 

Shares Issued 

Share Buyback 

Effect of redenomination  

Shares issued on exercise of warrants 

Reclassification of warrants to shareholder equity (note 15)  

At 31 December 2020 

(*Please refer note 18 for restatement) 

- 

- 

20,576 

(50,593) 

(1,603) 

16 

- 

- 

- 

2,629 

- 

12 

- 

(391) 

- 
(391) 

4 

- 

- 

- 
(387) 

(300) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

1,601 

- 

- 

9,128 

12,413 

(20,983) 

- 
9,128 

- 
12,413 

- 
(20,983) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,049 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9,128 

13,462 

(20,983) 

- 
9,128 

- 
13,462 

- 
(20,983) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

325 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3,200 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

50,593 

- 

- 

- 

385 

111,978 

(687) 

1,601 

9,128 

16,987 

(20,983) 

50,593 

(156,627) 

Total 

$000 

13,376 

(585) 
12,791 

(116,472) 

(794) 
(117,266) 

(21,764) 

(21,760) 

- 

- 

(139,030) 

- 
(139,030) 

1,049 

11,171 

3,251 

263 
3,514 

(17,597) 

(17,897) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

325 

23,205 

- 

- 

28 

3,200 

12,375 

The notes on pages 38 to 56 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

PARENT COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

Share 
Capital 
$000 

Share 
Premium 
$000 

Redenomination  Merger  
Reserve 
$000 

Reserve 
$000 

Share 
Based 
Payment 
Reserve 
$000 

Capital 
Redemption 
Reserve 
$000 

Retained 
Earnings 
$000 

Total 
$000 

At 1 January 2019 

Correction of error* 

23,651 

106,030 

- 

209 

Restated total equity at the beginning of the financial year 

23,651 

106,239 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 
Share based payments 
Shares Issued 

At 31 December 2019 

Correction of error* 
Restated total equity at 31 December 2019 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Share based payments 
Shares Issued 
Share buyback 

Effect of redenomination 

Shares issued on exercise of warrants 
Reclassification of warrants to shareholder equity (note 15) 
At 31 December 2020 

(*Please refer note 18 for restatement) 

- 
- 
8,336 

- 
- 
2,835 

31,987 

109,074 

- 
31,987 

263 
109,337 

- 

- 
20,576 
(50,593) 

(1,601) 

16 
- 
385 

- 

- 
2,629 
- 

- 

12 
- 
111,978 

The notes on pages 38 to 56 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

1,601 

- 
- 
1,601 

9,128 

12,413 

- 

- 

9,128 

12,413 

- 
- 
- 

- 
1,049 
- 

9,128 

13,462 

- 
9,128 

- 
13,462 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
9,128 

- 
3,200 
16,987 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

(113,484) 

37,738 

(794) 

(585) 

(114,278) 

37,153 

(21,789) 
- 
- 

(21,789) 
1,049 
11,171 

(136,067) 

27,584 

- 
(136,067) 

263 
27,847 

(17,909) 

(17,909) 

- 
- 
50,593 

- 

- 
- 
50,593 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
(153,976) 

325 
23,205 
- 

- 

28 
3,200 
36,696 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss before income tax 
Adjustments for: 
Changes in fair value of warrants 
Finance costs (fees settled in shares)  
Share-based payment 
Foreign currency exchange gains 
Depreciation and amortization 
Increase in trade and other receivables 
Decrease/(increase) in trade and other payables 
Tax credit 
Tax received  

Net cash flows used in operating activities  

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares 
Issue costs 
Proceeds from warrant exercise  
Cash generated from financing activities 

Exchange losses on cash and cash equivalents 
Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 

2020 

$000 

2019 
Restated* 
$000 

(20,454) 

(24,753) 

(557) 
900 
325 
(491) 
8 
(2,665) 
(246) 
2,857 
3,372 
(16,951) 

25,914 
(868) 
28 
25,074 

201 
8,324 

5,732 

(199) 
- 
1,049 
(30) 
18 
(2,796) 
2,382 
2,988 
8,423 
(12,918) 

13,268 
(620) 
- 
12,648 

34 
(236) 

5,968 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 

14,056 

5,732 

(*Please refer note 18 for restatement) 

The notes on pages 38 to 56 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

PARENT COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss before income tax 
Adjustments for: 
Changes in fair value of warrants 
Share based payments 
Finance costs (fees settled in shares)  
Depreciation 
Increase in trade and other receivables 
(Increase)/decrease in trade and other payables 
Tax credit  
Taxation received  
Exchange rate differences 

2020 

$000 

2019 
Restated* 
$000 

(20,766) 

(24,778) 

(557) 
325 
900 
5 
(2,621) 
(291) 
2,857 
3,372 
(175) 

(199) 
1,049 
- 
15 
(2,707) 
2,363 
2,990 
8,423 
(30) 

Net cash flows used in operating activities  

(16,951) 

(12,874) 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares 
Issue costs 
Proceeds from issue of shares on warrant exercise 

25,914 
(868) 
28 

13,268 
(620) 
- 

Cash generated from financing activities 

25,074 

12,648 

Exchange gains on cash and cash equivalents 

175 

28 

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 

8,298 
5,716 

(198) 
5,914 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 

14,014 

5,716 

(*Please refer note 18 for restatement) 

The notes on pages 38 to 56 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

1.  

(a) 

ACCOUNTING POLICIES 
 The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out 
below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated. 

Basis of preparation 
These  consolidated  financial  statements  of  Akari  Therapeutics  Plc  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and IFRIC interpretations issued and effective or issued and 
early  adopted  as  at  the  time  of  preparing  these  statements  and  with  those  parts  of  the  Companies  Act  2006 
applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. The consolidated financial statements are prepared on a historical 
cost  conversion  modified  for  fair  value  measurement  as  required  by  IFRS  9.  A  summary  of  the  significant 
accounting policies is set out below.   

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  IFRS  requires  the  use  of  certain  critical  accounting 
estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s accounting 
policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity or areas where assumptions and estimates 
are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in note 1(n). 

(b) 

Basis of consolidation 
Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is  
exposed  to,  or  has  rights  to,  variable  returns  from  its  involvement  with  the  entity  and  has  the  ability  to 
affect those returns through its power over the entity. The subsidiaries are fully  consolidated from the date on 
which control is transferred to the Group and deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.  

The  financial  statements  of  the  subsidiaries  are  prepared  for  the  same  financial  year  as  the  parent  company, 
applying  consistent  accounting  policies  throughout  the  Group.  Inter-company  balances  and  transactions, 
including unrealised profits are eliminated on consolidation. 

The Group financial statements consolidate the Company’s financial statements of Akari Therapeutics Plc and its 
subsidiaries (the “Group”).  

(c) 

Going Concern 
The Group meets its day-to-day working capital requirements through funding. In assessing the Company’s ability 
to continue as a going concern, Management has prepared financial forecasts covering at least the next twelve 
months from the date of approval of the financial statements.  

The Group’s forecast and projections, show that at present, the Group has insufficient working capital to fulfil its 
current business plan without the Group raising additional capital.  

We plan to raise additional funds from external sources and/or from Aspire Capital with which the Group has 
approximately $22,000,000 remaining of the total $30,000,000 commitment to drawdown in the form of equity 
funding as of 4 June, 2021. In our assessment, the remaining availability of funds under the Aspire facility, together 
with our expectation of the Group’s ability to raise capital from other fundraising sources and generate cash in the 
form of  R&D  tax  cash credit  could  extend  the  Group’s  ability  to  fund  operations  into  June  2022  without  any 
subsequent  adjustment  to  the  preliminary  forecast.  The  Group  currently  intends  to  pursue  other  external 
fundraising sources within the fiscal year 2021, although securing such fundraising is subject to uncertainty. 

Therefore, based on the availability of funds under the Aspire facility, and ability to reduce both R&D and other 
administrative expenditure costs significantly if so required, management believes the Group’s financial prospects 
are sufficient to fund future operations for at least the next twelve months.  

Ultimately, the Group will require additional capital in order to develop and commercialise our current product 
candidates or any product candidates that we acquire, if any, particularly for the period beyond the next twelve 
months. There can be no assurance that additional funds will be available when we need them on terms that are 
acceptable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available on a timely basis, we may be required to terminate 
or delay development for one or more of our product candidates.  

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

(c) 

Going Concern (continued) 

These matters indicate the existence of conditions that give rise to a material uncertainty (specifically, the reliance 
on fundraising, which is not guaranteed, to facilitate the Group's operating activities) which may cast significant 
doubt on the Group's ability to continue as a going concern. Notwithstanding these uncertainties, the Directors 
have  concluded  that  there  is  a  reasonable  expectation  that  the  Group  has  the  ability  to  continue  to  raise  such 
funding and therefore consider it appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis. The 
financial  statements  do  not  include  any  adjustments  to  the  carrying  amounts  and  classifications  of  assets  and 
liabilities that would result if the Group was unable to continue as a going concern. 

(d) 

Standards and interpretations adopted during the year 

The Company has not early applied the following new and amendments to IFRS that have been issued but are not 
yet effective: 

•  Onerous  Contracts  –  Cost  of  Fulfilling  a  Contract  (Amendments  to  IAS  37)  (effective  for  periods 

commencing on or after 1 January 2022); 
IFRS 17: Insurance Contracts (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2023); 

• 
•  Property,  Plant  and  Equipment:  Proceeds  before  Intended  Use  (Amendments  to  IAS  16)  (effective  for 

periods commencing on or after 1 January 2022); 

•  Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018-2020 (Amendments to IFRS 1, IFRS 9, IFRS 16 and IAS 

41) (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2022); and  

•  References to Conceptual Framework (Amendments to IFRS 3) (effective for periods commencing on or 

after 1 January 2022).  

The directors of the Company (the “Directors”) anticipate that the application of all new and amendments to IFRS 
will have no material impact on the future results of the Company in the foreseeable future.  

(e) 

Foreign currency translation 
Functional and presentation currency 
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the 
primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the “functional currency”). The functional currency 
of Akari Therapeutics Plc is U.S. dollars.  The Group and Parent Company financial statements are presented in 
U.S Dollars which is considered to the Group’s presentation currency. 

Transactions and balances  
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate prevailing at the 
date of the transactions or valuation where items are re-measured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting 
from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period-end exchange rates of monetary assets 
and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement. 

Group companies 
The results and financial position of all the Group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyper-inflationary 
economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated as follows: 
a)  assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date are translated at the closing rate as at that balance sheet date; 
b) 
c)  all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income.

income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates; and 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

1.       ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(f) 

Financial instruments 
Cash and cash equivalents  
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand and deposits held at call with banks.  

Trade and other receivables  
 Trade and other receivables are recognised at fair value less a provision for impairment.  Bad debts are written off 
through the income statement when identified. If collection is expected in one year or less, they are classified as 
current assets. If not, they are presented as non-current assets.    

Trade and other payables 
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services received that have been acquired in the ordinary course 
of the business from suppliers. Trade payables are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year 
or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.  Executory contracts are recognised when both parties 
to the contract met their respective obligations. Trade and other payable are unsecured, non-interest bearing and 
are stated at cost. 

Liabilities at fair value through the profit and loss 
The Group's liability related to options and warrants related to equity financing and are recognised on the balance 
sheet at their fair value, with changes in the fair value accounted for in the statement of comprehensive loss and 
included  in  financing  income  or  expenses.  Further  detail  on  the  treatment  of  liability  relating  to  options  is 
explained in note 15. 

Share capital 
 Ordinary shares are classified as equity.  Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of shares or options 
are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. 

(g) 

Research and development expenditure 
Research  costs  are  expensed  through  the  income  statement  as  they  are  incurred.  Research  and  development 
expenses  include,  among  other  costs,  costs  incurred  by  outside  laboratories  and  other  accredited  facilities  in 
connection with clinical trials and preclinical studies.  

Under IAS 38, development costs are only capitalised after technical and commercial feasibility of the asset for 
sale or use have been established. The company must intend and be able to complete the asset and either use it or 
sell it and be able to demonstrate how the asset will generate future economic benefit. If the company cannot 
distinguish between the research and the development phase, then all costs are expensed as research costs.

(h) 

Property, plant and equipment: 
Property,  plant  and  equipment  are  measured  at  cost,  including  directly  attributable  costs,  less  accumulated 
depreciation  and  excluding  day-to-day  servicing  expenses.    The  assets  residual  values  and  useful  lives  are 
reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. 

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the assets at annual rates as follows: 

Computers, peripheral and scientific equipment 
Office furniture and equipment 

 - 33%  
- 33% 

The Group reviews all long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying 
amount  of  such  assets  may  not  be  recoverable.  Recoverability  of  assets  to  be  held  or  used  is  measured  by 
comparison of the carrying value of the asset to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated 
by the asset. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment recognised is measured by the amount by 
which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the discounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the 
asset. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

1.       ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

 (i) 

   Intangible assets 

(j) 

(k) 

Patent acquisition costs and related capitalised legal fees are recognised at historical cost. Patents have a finite 
useful life and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation.  Amortisation is calculated using the straight-line 
basis method and are amortised over the shorter of the legal or useful life. The estimated useful life for current 
patents is twenty two years. 

The Group expenses costs associated with maintaining and defending patents subsequent to their issuance in the 
period the costs are incurred. 

Investments 
Investments in subsidiary undertakings are stated at cost less provisions for impairment. 

Share-based payments and warrants 
Where share options or warrants are awarded to directors and employees, the fair value of the options or warrants 
at the grant date is charged to the consolidated income statement over the vesting period. Non-market vesting 
conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number of equity instruments expected to vest at each balance 
sheet date so that, ultimately, the cumulative amount recognised over the vesting period is based on the number 
of  options  that  eventually  vest.  Market  vesting  conditions  are  factored  into  the  fair  value  of  the  options  and 
warrants granted. As long as all other vesting conditions are satisfied, a charge is made irrespective of whether 
the market vesting conditions are satisfied. The cumulative expense is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market 
vesting condition. 

Where the terms and conditions of options and warrants are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair 
value of the options and warrants, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to the 
consolidated income statement over the remaining vesting period. 

When the options and warrants are exercised, the company issues new shares. The proceeds received net of any 
directly attributable transaction costs are credited to share capital (nominal value) and share premium when the 
options and warrants are exercised. 

When share options and warrants lapse, any amounts credited to the share-based payments reserve are released to 
the retained earnings reserve. 

Where warrants and options issued with settlement criteria that outside fixed for fixed criteria as outlined by IAS 
32 (i.e. fixed number of shares for fixed amount of cash) the resulting fair value of the instruments issued will be 
classified in financial liabilities. 

(l) 

Finance income and expenses 
Interest income and expenses are recognised using the effective interest method.  It mainly comprises of changes 
in the fair value of financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value through the income statement and 
exchange gains and losses which is reported on a net basis in the statement of comprehensive loss.  

41 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

1.  ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(m)  Deferred taxation 

Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of 
assets and liabilities and their carrying values in the financial statements.  The deferred tax is not accounted for if it 
arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction, other than a business combination, that at the 
time of the transaction does not affect either the accounting or taxable profit or loss.  Deferred tax is determined using 
tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to 
apply when the related deferred tax asset is realised or the deferred tax liability is settled. 

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against 
which temporary differences can be utilised. 

(n)        Critical accounting estimates and judgements: 

The  Group  makes  estimates  and  assumptions  concerning  the  future.  The  preparation  of  financial  statements 
requires management and the Board of Directors to make estimates and judgments that affect reported amounts 
of  assets,  liabilities,  revenues  and  expenses,  and  related  disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities.  These 
estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that management and the Board believe 
are  reasonable  under  the  circumstances,  the  results  of  which  form  the  basis  for  making  judgments  about  the 
carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ 
from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, significantly impacting earnings and financial 
position. 

Management believes that the following areas, all of which are discussed and separately marked in the respective 
sections of Note 1 “Accounting Policies,” comprise the most difficult, subjective or complex judgments it has  to 
make in the preparation of the financial statements: Assessment of the capitalisation of research and development 
expenditure, calculation and classification of share based payments and the assessment of the carrying value of 
the subsidiary for impairment.  

Research and Development: Under IAS 38: Intangible Assets, the Group must determine whether to recognise 
research  costs  incurred  as  an  expense  or  asset.  Depending  on  the  development  stage  of  a  project  determines 
whether an expense can be capitalised. Difficultly can arise at determining the stage of a project. 

Share based payments: The Group issues share options and warrants to employees, service providers and investors. 
Where  share  options  and  warrants  are  issued  in  return  for services,  appropriate  valuation  methods  are  used  to 
recognise an appropriate expense is recognised in the financial statements. These valuation methods are subject to 
significant estimation as outlined in note 16. Where warrants issued to investors are classified as free-standing 
liabilities, they are remeasured to fair value at each reporting date for which both judgement and estimation is 
required in relation based on unobservable valuation input assumptions, resulting in a higher degree of estimation 
uncertainty. 

Investment in subsidiary: The Parent must continually assess the carrying value of investments in subsidiaries for 
indications  of  impairment.  Indications  of  impairment  are  considered  with  reference  to  the  Group’s  market 
capitalisation, internal assessment of the ongoing contribution of intellectual property and any other indications of 
obsolescence and progress in line with the Group’s business plan.  

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

2. 

EXPENSES BY NATURE 
The operating loss is stated after charging/(crediting): 

2020 
$000 

2019 
$000 

Employee benefit expense (see below) 
Depreciation 
Amortisation 
Commitment fees 
Exchange (loss)/ gain 
Auditors’ remuneration 
- fees for the audit of the Group and Parent Company financial statements 

3,884 
5 
3 
900 
351 

41 

3,469 
15 
4 
- 
(67) 

31 

Employee benefit expense 
Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 

The average number of persons (including directors) 
 employed by the group during the year was as follows: 
  Office and administration 

Key management remuneration 
Wages and salaries 

2020 
$000 

2019 
$000 

3,506 
378 

3,884 

3,094 
375 

3,469 

17 

16 

1,678 

1,528 

The  key  management  is  considered  to  be  the  directors  and  senior  management  team.    Details  of  directors’ 
remuneration and share based compensation can be seen within the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 13 to 
26. 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

3. 

NET FINANCE INCOME/(LOSS) 

2020 
$000 

2019 
$000 

Commitment fees 
Interest Income 
Other  

4. 

INCOME TAX CREDIT 

Current tax: 
Current tax on losses for the year 
Adjustment in respect of prior years 

(900) 
13 
(22) 
(909) 

2020 

$000 

(2,812) 
(45) 
(2,857) 

- 
5 
(20) 
(15) 

2019 

$000 

(3,505) 
516 
(2,989) 

The tax assessed in the year is different from the standard rate of 
corporation tax in the UK of 19% in 2020 (2019: 19%)   
The differences are explained below:  

Loss before tax  

(20,454) 

(24,753) 

Loss on ordinary activities before tax multiplied by the standard  
companies’ rate of tax in the UK 

(3,886) 

(4,703) 

Effects of: 
Deferred tax asset on losses not recognised  
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Surrender of tax loses for R&D tax credit refund 
Additional deduction for R&D tax credit 
Adjustment in respect of prior years 

Tax credit 

2,044 
241 
1,601 
(2,812) 
(45) 
(2,857) 

2,397 
309 
1,997 
(3,505) 
516 
(2,989) 

5. 

LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE PARENT COMPANY 

The parent Company has taken advantage of section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not included its own 
profit and loss account in these financial statements.  The parent Company had a loss for the year of $17,909,000 
(2019: $21,789,000). 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

6. 

BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE  
The calculation of basic and diluted loss per share is based on the loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of 
$17,597,000 (2019: $21,764,000 ) and a weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding during the year 
ended  31  December  2020  of  3,159,037,588  (2019:  1,830,998,609)  calculated  below.  As  a  loss  making  group, 
outstanding share options are considered antidilutive and therefore basic and diluted loss per share are considered 
to be equal. 

2020 
$000 

2019 
$000 

Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders   

17,597 

21,764 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 
Number of shares in issue at the beginning of the year 
Effect of shares issued during year 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue for the year  

7. 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS 
GROUP  

Patent acquisition costs 
Cost 
At 1 January  
Additions 
At 31 December  

Amortisation 
At 1 January  
Charge for the year 
At 31 December  

Net Book Value 
At 31 December  

2020 
      Number 

2019 
      Number 

2,245,865,913 
913,171,675 
3,159,037,588 

1,580,693,413 
250,305,196 
1,830,998,609 

2020 
$000 

2019 
$000 

95 
- 
95 

(65) 
(3) 
(68) 

95 
- 
95 

(62) 
(3) 
(65) 

27 

30 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

8. 

PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

GROUP & COMPANY 

Office furniture and equipment  
Cost 
At 1 January  
Additions 
At 31 December  

Depreciation 
At 1 January  
Charge for the year 
At 31 December  

Net Book Value 
At 31 December  

2020 
$000 

2019 
$000 

172 
- 
172 

(167) 
(5) 
(172) 

172 
- 
172 

(152) 
(15) 
(167) 

- 

5 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

9. 

INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES 

Company 

At 1 January 2019 
Additions 

At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Additions 

At 31 December 2020 

Investments in 
Subsidiary 
Undertakings 
$000 

20,339 
- 

20,339 

20,339 
- 

20,339 

The Company directly owns 100% of the issued share capital of the following subsidiaries, which have been 
included in the consolidated financial statements: 

Volution Immuno 
Pharmaceuticals SA  
Celsus Therapeutics Inc. 
Morria Biopharma Ltd.  
Akari Malta Limited  

Principal activity 

Country of 
incorporation 

Holdings 

Development of 
pharmaceutical drugs 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Regulatory 
compliance  

Switzerland 

Ordinary 

United States 
Israel 
Malta 

Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 

% 

100 

100 
100 
100 

Registered office addresses of subsidiaries: 
Volution Immuno Pharmaceuticals SA : Place Des Eaux-Vives 6, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland 
Celsus Therapeutics Inc: 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, DE 19801 
Morria Biopharma Ltd: 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, DE 19801 
Akari Malta Limited :  Gasan Centre, Level 3, Mriehel By Pass, Mriehel, BKR 3000, Malta  

10.  TRADE AND OTHER  
RECEIVABLES 

Due from a related party 
Prepayments and accrued income 
Income tax receivable 

(*Please refer to note 18 for restatement) 

Group 

2020 

$000 

2019 
Restated* 
$000 

Company 

2020 

$000 

2019 
Restated* 
$000 

- 
521 
2,991 
3,512 

- 
713 
3,505 
4,218 

3,897 
513 
2,991 
7,401 

3,975 
672 
3,505 
8,152 

11.  TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES 

Group 

2020 
$000 

2019 
$000 

Company 

2020 
$000 

2019 
$000 

Trade payables 
Accrued expenses 

1,228 
4,228 
5,456 

3,232 
1,826 
5,058 

1,130 
4,220 
5,350 

3,380 
1,840 
5,220 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

12. 

NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES 

Group 

Company 

2020 
$000 

- 
- 

2019 
$000 

1,015 
1,015 

2020 
$000 

- 
- 

2019 
$000 

1,015 
1,015 

Warrants (Note 15) 

Purchase of own shares 

13.           

CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL 

Issued and fully paid 

Akari Therapeutics Plc 

As at 1 January 2020 

Issuance of ordinary shares 
Issuance of share capital for entering into 2020 Purchase 
Agreement with Aspire Capital 
Issue of deferred shares via subdivision 
Cancellation of deferred shares 
Issuance of share capital upon conversion of deferred shares 
Exercise of warrants 

As at 31 December 2020 

        No of shares 

Share 
Capital 
$ 

2,245,865,913 

31,987,016 

1,559,455,100 

20,051,809 

40,760,900 

523,778 

3,847,331,913 
(3,847,331,913) 
10 
1,250,000 

- 
(52,193,811) 
- 
15,941 

3,847,331,923 

384,733 

Pursuant to the resolution passed at the general meeting of the Company on 8 December 2020 for the purpose of 
changing  the  nominal  value  of  the  Company’s  ordinary  shares  from  £0.01  to  $0.0001,  the  Company  issued 
3,847,331,913 deferred shares of $0.01315. The Deferred Shares were created for technical reasons of company 
law and did not increase the aggregate value of share capital. The Deferred Shares were purchased by the Company 
8 December 2020 in accordance with their terms of issue for aggregate consideration of $0.01 and immediately 
cancelled. The aggregate nominal value at cancellation was $50,592,414.  

In January 2020, the Company issued 65,000,000 ordinary shares of £0.01 in connection with an Aspire facility 
drawdown at $0.017 for gross proceeds of $1,108,350. 

In  February  2020,  the  Company  issued  562,029,600  ordinary  shares  of £0.01  at  $0.017 for  gross  proceeds  of 
$9,500,000. 

In  May  2020,  the  Company  issued  75,000,000  ordinary  shares  of  £0.01  in  connection with  an  Aspire  facility 
drawdown at $0.017 for gross proceeds of $1,305,480. 

In June 2020, the Company issued 396,666,700 ordinary shares of £0.01 in connection with an Aspire facility 
drawdown at $0.02 for gross proceeds of $7,946,424. 

In October 2020, the Company issued 460,758,800 ordinary shares of £0.01 in connection with an Aspire facility 
drawdown at $0.013 for gross proceeds of $6,000,001. 

The share capital of the Company was redenominated on 8 December 2020 from £0.01 shares to $0.01325 shares, 
the resulting foreign currency effect of $1.6m has been transferred to the redenomination reserve. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

14. 

    RESERVES 

The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve within equity: 

Share premium - Accumulated amounts subscribed for share capital in excess of the nominal value of the share 
capital issued. Costs relating to the issue of shares are offset against share premium. Issue costs incurred in the 
year ended 31 December 2020 offset in share premium were $868,000 (31 December 2019: $620,000). 

Retained earnings – Includes all current and prior period losses  

Other  reserves  -  Accounts for  all  other gains  and  losses  reported  by  the group  and  not recognised  elsewhere.  
Includes accumulated gains and losses arising from the retranslation of the net assets of overseas entities. 

Share based payment reserve – This includes all movement for share options granted during the period. 

Merger  reserve  –  Merger  reserve  represents  the  premium  on  the  shares  issued  to  acquire  Volution  Immuno 
Pharmaceuticals SA in accordance with the provisions of S612 of the Companies Act 2006. 

Reverse acquisition reserve – The reverse acquisition reserve relates to the reverse acquisition between Celsus 
Therapeutics PLC and Volution Immuno Pharmaceuticals SA on 18 September 2015. 

Capital redemption reserve – Amounts transferred from share capital on redemption of issued shares. 

Redenomination  reserve  –  non-distributable reserve into  which  amounts  may  be  transferred  following 
a redenomination of share capital from one currency to another. 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

15. 

  WARRANTS 

The  Group  accounts  for  the  liability  warrants  issued  in  accordance  with  IAS  39,  “Financial  Instruments: 
Recognition  and  Measurement”  as  a  freestanding  liability  instrument  that  is  measured  at  fair  value  at  each 
reporting date, based on its fair value, with changes in the fair values being recognised in the Group's consolidated 
statement of comprehensive loss as financing income or expense. The fair value of warrants granted was measured 
using the Binomial method of valuation. 

Issuance of 2019 Paulson warrants  

Change in fair value of warrant liability  
Balance at 31 December 2019 

Issuance of 2020 Paulson warrants  
Reclassification of warrant to equity on exercise  
Change in fair value of warrant liability  
Transfer to equity following redenomination of share capital 
As at 31 December 2020 

Fair value of 
warrant 
liability  
$000 

1,214 

(199) 
1,015 

2,750 
(8) 
(557) 
(3,200) 
- 

The share capital of the Company was redenominated on 8 December 2020 from £0.01 shares to $0.01325 shares. 
As a result of this redenomination, the inputs resulting in the recognition of the derivative liability associated with 
placing warrants now meet the fixed for fixed criteria to be recognised in equity. At this point the fair value of the 
liability of $3.2m was transferred to share based payments reserve from liabilities.  

Warrants to service providers and investors 

On  July  3,  2019,  the  Company  sold  to  certain  institutional  investors,  accredited  investors  and  an  existing 
shareholder, RPC Pharma Ltd., an affiliated entity of Dr. Ray Prudo, the Company’s Chairman, an aggregate of 
2,368,392 ADSs in a registered direct offering at $1.90 per ADS, resulting in gross proceeds of approximately 
$4.5 million. The Company also entered into a letter agreement with Paulson Investment Company, LLC (the 
“Placement  Agent”)  to  serve  as  the  placement  agent  for  the  Company  in  connection  with  this  offering.  In 
connection  with  the  sale  of  the  ADSs  in  this  registered  direct  offering,  the  Company  issued  to  the  investors 
unregistered warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,184,213 ADSs in a private placement (“Investor Warrants”). 
The Investor Warrants are immediately exercisable and will expire five years from issuance at an exercise price 
of $3.00 per ADS, subject to adjustment as set forth therein. Subject to certain conditions, the Company has the 
option to “call” the exercise of the warrants from time to time after any 10-consecutive trading day period during 
which the daily volume weighted average price of the ADSs exceeds $4.50. The Company paid to the Placement 
Agent an aggregate of $337,496 in placement agent fees and expenses and issued unregistered warrants to the 
Placement Agent to purchase an aggregate of 177,629 ADS (“Placement Agent Warrants”) on the same terms as 
the Investor Warrants, except that the Placement Agent Warrants are exercisable at $2.85 per ADS and expire on 
June 28, 2024. Both the Investor Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants (together the “Paulson Warrants”) 
may  be  exercised  on  a  cashless  basis  if  six  months  after  issuance  there  is  no  effective  registration  statement 
registering the ADSs underlying the warrants. Pursuant to the cashless exercise provision, the warrant holder must 
make an additional payment to the Company equal to the nominal value of an ADS (i.e., £1) per warrant ADS 
actually to be issued pursuant to the cashless exercise. The total number of Paulson Warrants issued in connection 
with this registered direct offering amounted to 1,361,842, all of which were outstanding as of December 31, 2020 
(31 December 2019: 1,361,842).   

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

15. 

  WARRANTS (continued) 

The fair value at the date of grant was $1,213,800. A fair value revaluation gain was recognised during the year 
of  $132,632  (31  December  2019  :$199,000.  The  fair  value  of  the  warrants  prior  to  be  reclassified  at  the  8 
December 2020 was $882,365 (31 December 2019: $1,015,000). 

On February 13, 2020, February 19, 2020, February 20, 2020 and February 28, 2020, the Company entered into 
securities purchase agreements with certain accredited and institutional investors, including Dr. Ray Prudo, the 
Company’s Chairman, providing for the issuance of an aggregate of 5,620,296 ADSs in a private placement at 
$1.70 per ADS for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $9.5 million (the “2020 Private Placements”). The 
Company also entered into a letter agreement with Paulson Investment Company, LLC to serve as the placement 
agent for the Company in connection with this offering. In connection with the offering, on February 21, 2020 
and March 3, 2020, the Company issued to the investors unregistered warrants to purchase a total of 2,810,136 
ADSs at $2.20 per ADS (“2020 Investor Warrants”). On March 3, 2020, the Company also issued 449,623 ADSs 
to the Placement Agent at $2.55 per ADS (“2020 Placement Warrants”). The 2020 Investor warrants and the 2020 
Placement  Warrants  (together  the  “2020  Warrants”)  will  expire five years  from  issuance  and  are  immediately 
exercisable, subject to adjustment as set forth therein. The Company paid to the Placement Agent an aggregate of 
$808,362 in placement agent fees and expenses. The 2020 Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis if six 
months after issuance there is no effective registration statement registering the ADSs underlying the warrants. 
Pursuant to the cashless exercise provision, the warrant holder must make an additional payment to the Company 
equal to the nominal value of an ADS (i.e., $0.0001) per warrant ADS actually to be issued pursuant to the cashless 
exercise. The total amount of the 2020 Warrants issued in connection with the 2020 Private Placements amounted 
to 3,259,759. 3,247,259 of these warrants were outstanding as of December 31, 2020 (31 December 2019: nil). 

The ratio to be used when converting ADS to ordinary shares in the Company is approximately ADS 1 to 100 
ordinary shares. 

The fair value at the date of grant was $2,749,369. The movements in the provision during the year ended 31 
December 2020 included a fair value revaluation gain that was recognised of $424,178 (31 December 2019: nil) 
$7,875 (31 December 2019: nil) was transferred to equity on exercise of 12,500 warrants  The fair value of the 
warrants prior to being reclassified at the 8 December 2020 was $2,317,316 (31 December 2019 $1,015,000). 

During the twelve months ended 31 December 31, 2020 (31 December 2019: nil), 12,500 warrants to purchase 
Ordinary Shares were exercised and no warrants expired. 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

16 

SHARE OPTIONS 

In accordance with the Company’s 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), the number of shares that may be issued 
upon  exercise  of  options  under  the  Plan  shall  not  exceed  344,747,462  Ordinary  Shares.  (31  December  2019 
183,083,207). At 31 December 2020, 232,098,427 Ordinary Shares are available for future issuance under the Plan. 
(31 December 2019 88,734,172). The option plan is administered by the Company’s board of directors and grants 
are made pursuant thereto by the compensation committee. The per share exercise price for the shares to be issued 
pursuant to the exercise of an option shall be such price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s Ordinary 
Shares on the grant date and set forth in the individual option agreement. Options expire ten years after the grant 
date and typically vest over one to four years. 

Outstanding at the beginning of the 
year 
Granted during the year 

Forfeited/waived during the year 

Exercised during the year 

Total outstanding  

Total exercisable (Vested) 

Number 

94,349,035 

20,800,000 

 (2,500,000) 

 -  

112,649,035 

77,667,785 

2020 

Weighted Average 
Exercise Price 
$ 

Number 

2019 

Weighted Average 
Exercise Price 
$ 

0.10 

0.02 

0.02  

- 

0.09 

0.12 

94,096,998 

7,800,000 

 (7,547,963) 

-  

94,349,035 

58,992,785 

0.12 

0.02 

0.23  

-  

0.10 

0.15 

The following is a summary of the Group's share options granted separated into ranges of exercise price: 

Exercise  
price 
(range) ($) 

   Options 

outstanding 
at 31 
December 
 2020 

   Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life (years) 

   Weighted 
average  
exercise 
price ($) 

   Options 

exercisable 
at 
December 
31, 2020 

0.02-0.05 
0.12-0.19 
0.32 

77,600,000 
18,334,629 
16,714,406 
   112,649,035 

8.03 
5.30 
4.73 

0.02 
0.15 
0.32 

42,712,500 
18,240,879 
16,714,406 
77,667,785 

   Remaining 
contractual 
life for 
exercisable 
options 
(years) 

   Weighted 
average  
exercise  
price for 
exercisable 
options ($) 

7.60 
5.30 
4.73 

0.03 
0.15 
0.32 

Exercise 
price 
(range) 
($) 

0.0175-
0.05 
0.12-0.19 
0.32 

Options 
outstanding 
at 31 
December 
2019 

  Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life (years) 

  Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price ($) 

Options 
exercisable 
at 31 
December 
2019 

Remaining 
contractual 
life (years for 
exercisable 
options) 

  Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price ($) 

59,300,000 

18,334,629 
16,714,406 
94,349,035 

8.54 

6.30 
5.72 

0.02 

0.15 
0.32 

24,975,000 

17,303,379 
16,714,406 
58,992,785 

8.29 

6.29 
5.72 

0.03 

0.16 
0.32 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

16 

SHARE OPTIONS (continued) 

The  Company  measures  compensation  cost  for  all  share-based  awards  at  fair  value  on  the  date  of  grant  and 
recognizes compensation expense in general administrative and research and development expenses within its  

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss using the straight-line method over the service period over which 
it expects the awards to vest.  

The Company estimates the fair value of all time-vested options as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes 
option valuation model, which was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no 
vesting  restrictions  and  are  fully  transferable.  Option  valuation  models  require  the  input  of  highly  subjective 
assumptions, including the expected share price volatility, which is calculated based on the historical volatility of 
peer companies. The Company uses a risk-free interest rate, based on the U.S. Treasury instruments in effect at the 
time of the grant, for the period comparable to the expected term of the option. Given its limited history with share 
option grants and exercises, the Company uses the “simplified” method in estimating the expected term, the period 
of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding, for its grants. 

The Company classifies its stock-based payments as either liability-classified awards or as equity-classified awards. 
The  Company re-measures  liability-classified  awards  to  fair  value  at  each  balance  sheet  date  until  the  award  is 
settled. The Company measures equity-classified awards at their grant date fair value and does not subsequently re-
measure them. The Company has classified its share-based payments, which are settled in ordinary shares as equity-
classified awards, and share-based payments that are settled in cash as liability-classified awards. Compensation 
costs related to equity-classified awards generally are equal to the grant-date fair value of the award amortized over 
the vesting period of the award. The liability for liability-classified awards generally is equal to the fair value of the 
award as of the balance sheet date multiplied by the percentage vested at the time. The Company charges (or credits) 
the change in the liability amounts from one balance sheet date to another to stock-based compensation expense. 

Below are the assumptions used for the options granted in the year ended 31 December 2020:  

Expected dividend yield 

Expected volatility 

Risk-free interest 

Expected life 

2020 

0% 

   83.88-86.85% 

0.38%-0.49% 

   5.5-6.25 years 

Below are the assumptions used for the options granted in the year ended 31 December 2019:  

Expected dividend yield 
Expected volatility 
Risk-free interest 
Expected life 

2019 
0% 
75.40% 
1.76% 
5.5 years 

During  the  year  the  Group  recognized  $325,000  (2019:  $1,049,000)  in  share-based  compensation  expenses  for 
employees and directors. At 31 December 2020, there was approximately $394,000 of unrecognized compensation 
cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Group’s share option plans. 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

17.   FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

a. 

Classification of financial assets and liabilities: 

The financial assets and financial liabilities in the statement of financial position are classified by groups of financial 
instruments pursuant to IFRS 9 are:  

Financial assets: 
Other receivables 

2020 
$000 

- 

2019 
$000 

- 

Financial liabilities: 
Trade payables, other payables, warrants and other long-term liabilities 

3,232 

1,586 

Financial risks factors: 

The Group's activities are exposed to foreign exchange risk. The Group's comprehensive risk management plan focuses 
on activities and strategies that reduce adverse effects on the financial performance of the Group to a minimum.  

1. 

Foreign currency risk: 

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because 
of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Group's exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates 
primarily to the Group's operating activities when expenses are denominated in a different currency from the Group's 
functional currency. The Group believes that no reasonable change in foreign currency exchange rates would have a 
material impact on the income statement or statement of changes in equity. The Group manages its foreign currency 
risk  by  managing  bank  accounts  that  are  denominated  in  a  currency  other  than  its  respective  functional  currency, 
primarily the Great British Pound (GBP).   

2. 

Credit risk: 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or supplier contract, 
leading to a financial loss. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Group to concentrations of credit risk 
consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposits are deposited with 
major banks in Europe and the United States, and invested mostly in U.S. dollars and Great British Pounds. Such 
redeemed upon demand and therefore bear low risk. 

3. 

Market risk: 

The Group's financial instruments comprise equity investments, cash and various items such as trade debtors and 
trade creditors that arise directly from its operations. The main risk arising from the Groups financial instruments is 
liquidity risk. The Group has previously entered into derivatives with respect of the warrant liability, this liability 
has been settled in the year.  

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

18.  RESTATEMENT 

The Company accounted for the 2018 Purchase Agreement with Aspire Capital as a Put Option Equity Contract. As 
a result, the value of the 2018 Commitment Shares were classified as a (deferred) cost of raising equity and recorded 
as  deferred financing  costs  and  included  in  current  assets.  The  Company had  previously  amortised  the  deferred 
financing costs proportionally as it has sold shares to Aspire and recognised the prorated costs in Share premium.  

Subsequently, it was determined that, because the ultimate floor price, which is effectively the nominal value of the 
ADS which is denominated in GBP, the number of shares issuable under the contract is impacted by foreign currency 
and that due to this variation the instrument failed to satisfy the fixed for fixed criteria under IAS 32 that enabled 
this to be accounted for a cost to share premium. The result is that commitment shares are considered a transaction 
cost under IAS 32 and as such should be reclassified to the profit and loss as an expense in line with the treatment 
of the put option equity contract as a liability.  

In connection with the reclassification, legal fees of $209,000 associated with the agreement were initially included 
as a cost against share premium, when the transaction was recorded in equity have also been reclassified to the profit 
and loss.  

The effect of these restatements an increase to the loss incurred for the year ended 31 December 2018, presented as 
an increase of retained losses of $794,000 at 1 January 2019, and a decrease to other receivables of $585,000 and 
an increase to share premium of $209,000. 

The originally presented financial statement for the year ended 31 December 2019 included $263,000 as a debit 
against share premium and a decrease of the deferred financing assets. As this asset has been reversed as part the 
$585,000 of our initial prior period adjustment, we are required to increase assets by $263,000 and increase share 
premium to offset this movement.  

The errors have been corrected by restating each of the affected financial statement line items for the prior periods 
as follows (in thousands of $): 

Statement of 
Financial Position 
(Extract) 

1 Jan 19 

Increase/ 
(Decrease) 

1 Jan 19 
(Restated) 

31-Dec-19 

Increase/ 
(Decrease) 

31 Dec 19 
(Restated) 

Share premium account 
Retained Loss 
Other receivables 

106,030 
(116,472)  
10,431 

209 
(794) 
(585) 

106,239  
(114,278)  
9,846 

108,865 
(138,236) 
4,540 

472 
(794) 
(322) 

109,337 
(139,030) 
4,218 

There is no impact to the statements of comprehensive income presented.  

19.      RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

The following transactions were carried out with related parties: 

Office Lease - The Company leases its offices in London from The Doctors Laboratory (“TDL”) and has incurred 
expenses of approximately $133,000 plus VAT during the year ended December 31, 2020 (2019: $134,000). David 
Byrne, a non-employee director of the Company, is also the Chief Executive Officer of TDL and Dr. Ray Prudo, the 
Company’s Executive Chairman, is also Non-Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of TDL. 

Laboratory Testing Services - The Company has received laboratory testing services for its clinical trials provided 
by TDL and has incurred expenses of approximately $234,000plus VAT during the year ended December 31, 2020 
(2019:  $186,000).  The  Company  recorded  payable  balances  to  TDL  of  approximately  $100,000plus  VAT  as  of 
December 31, 2020 (2019: $119,000), .  

Consulting - A non-employee director of the Company began providing business development consulting services 
in  January 2018.  The  Company  has  incurred  expenses  of  approximately  $100,000  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020 (2019: $100,000), relating to these consulting services. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
AKARI THERAPEUTICS PLC  

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

20.       POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS 

In May 2021, the Company sold to Aspire Capital LLC a total of 1,176,471 ordinary shares of the Company for total 
gross proceeds of $2,000,001 under the Purchase Agreement. 

21.  ULTIMATE CONTROLLING PARTY 

The ultimate controlling party of the Group is RPC Pharma Ltd who holds a 21% stake in the Group. 

56