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AMREP Corporation

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FY2018 Annual Report · AMREP Corporation
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ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT 
DECEMBER 31, 2018 

ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 

Building a Sustainable Future In Silver 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
This  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  (“MD&A”)  of  Alexco  Resource  Corp.  (“Alexco”  or  the 
“Corporation”) is dated March 13, 2019 and provides an analysis of Alexco’s consolidated financial results 
for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to those of the previous year.    

The  following  information  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  Corporation’s  December  31,  2018 
consolidated  financial  statements  with  accompanying  notes,  which  have  been  prepared  in  accordance 
with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting 
Standards  Board.  All  dollar  figures  are  expressed  in  Canadian  dollars  unless  otherwise  stated.  These 
documents  and  additional  information  on  the  Corporation  are  available  on  the  Corporation’s  website  at 
the  Edgar  website  at 
the  SEDAR  website  at  www.sedar.com  and 
www.alexcoresource.com, 
www.sec.gov. 

Except  where  specifically  indicated  otherwise,  the  disclosure  in  this  MD&A  of  scientific  and  technical 
information  regarding  exploration  projects  on  Alexco’s  mineral  properties  has  been  reviewed  and 
approved by Alan McOnie, FAusIMM, Vice President, Exploration, while that regarding mine development 
and operations has been reviewed and approved by Neil Chambers, P.Eng., Mine Superintendent, both 
of whom are Qualified Persons as defined by National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for 
Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”). 

All dollar figures are expressed in Canadian dollars unless otherwise stated. 

2018 HIGHLIGHTS AND OVERALL PERFORMANCE 

CORPORATE 

  Overall, Alexco reported a net loss of $8,501,000 ($0.08 per share) for the year ended December 
31, 2018 and a loss before tax expense of $6,994,000 including non-cash adjustments totalling 
$2,597,000.  The  loss  before  taxes  for  2017  was  $6,341,000  including  non-cash  costs  of 
$4,658,000. The increase in the net loss in 2018 compared to 2017 was mainly attributed a non-
cash credit facility fee ($797,000), increased mine-site care and maintenance costs (increase of 
$715,000)  and  an  investment  loss  incurred  in  2018  ($572,000)  partially  offset  with  the 
Corporation’s  fair  value  gain  on  the  embedded  derivative  related  to  the  Wheaton  streaming 
agreement ($3,071,000). Furthermore, in 2017 the Corporation incurred a foreign exchange gain 
($963,000) and gains on investments ($1,341,000).  

  The  Corporation’s  cash  and  cash  equivalents  at  December  31,  2018  totaled  $8,576,000 
compared  to  $17,906,000  at  December  31,  2017,  while  net  working  capital  (see  Non-GAPP 
Measures on page 23) totaled $10,188,000 compared to $18,676,000 at December 31, 2017. The 
Corporation’s restricted cash and deposits at December 31, 2018 totalled $2,725,000 compared 
to $7,092,000 at December 31, 2017. 

  On  February  23,  2018  Alexco  entered  into  a  definitive  credit  agreement  with  Sprott  Private 
Resource  Lending  (Collector),  L.P.  (“Sprott”)  to  provide  a  US$15,000,000  credit  facility  (the 
“Credit Facility”), which remains undrawn.  

  On April 30, 2018 Alexco replaced $6,305,000 of cash placed as security for its Keno Hill property 
with  a  surety  bond.  The  surety  instrument  is  collateralized  with  $2,364,191  of  cash  with  the 
resulting $3,941,000 plus accrued interest being reclassified to unrestricted cash. In addition on 
April  25,  2018  security  posted  in  cash  in  the  amount  of  $499,000  (US$398,000)  was  also 
released to the Corporation on issuance of a State of Colorado “No Further Active Remediation” 
filing  which  represents  the  final  step  in  the  successful  completion  of  the  Globeville  Smelter 
Project. 

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  On June 14, 2018, the Corporation completed an offering, on a bought deal basis, of 4,703,000 
flow-through  common  shares  at  a  blended  price  of  approximately  $1.92  per  share  for  gross 
proceeds  of  $9,041,150.  The  securities  issued  under  the  offering  were  compromised  of  (i) 
966,500  flow-through  shares  with  respect  to  "Canadian  exploration  expenses"  issued  at  $2.05 
per  share;  (ii)  1,736,500  flow-through  shares  with  respect  to  "Canadian  exploration  expenses" 
that  also  qualify  as  "flow-through  mining  expenditures"  issued  at  $2.05  per  share;  and  (iii) 
2,000,000  flow-through  shares  with  respect  to  "Canadian  development  expenses"  issued  at 
$1.75. 

  During the year, 1,167,351 warrants were exercised for proceeds to Alexco of $2,027,000. 

  On  April  12,  2018  Alexco  announced  the  appointment  of  Karen  McMaster  to  the  Board  of 
Directors. Ms. McMaster’s extensive history in the mining industry has been primarily focused on 
legal counsel for environmental matters as well as exploration and mine development.  

MINE OPERATIONS AND EXPLORATION 

  On  May  2,  2018,  Alexco  announced  completion  of  550  meters  (“m”)  on  the  Bermingham 
underground  advanced  exploration  decline,  initially  collared  in  August  2017,  and  subsequently 
completed  a  4,230  m  underground  exploration  drill  program  from  the  decline.  Results  from  this 
drilling program were released on August 9, 2018 and September 17, 2018.  

  Following  completion  of  underground  advanced  exploration  work  at  Bermingham,  Alexco 
commenced  the  underground  ramping  system  at  the  Flame  &  Moth  deposit.  Alexco  completed 
the  targeted  Flame  &  Moth  underground  development  program  for  2018  with  452  m  driven  in 
total, comprising 371 m of linear decline advance and 81 m included in support infrastructure. 

  During 2018, the Corporation completed a total of 15,314 m of surface exploration drilling in 55 
completed  holes  including  7,687 m  in  26  drill  holes  in  a  new  reconnaissance  program,  and 
3,756 m in 11 holes in the Bermingham in-fill drilling program, as well as 1,179 m in ten holes at 
Flame & Moth for metallurgical and geotechnical purposes. A further 2,692 m was drilled on third 
party  properties  within  the  district  complex.  Results  from  the  surface  drilling  programs  were 
released on August 9, 2018, September 17, 2018 and January 29, 2019.  

  On September 20, 2018 Alexco announced an updated and expanded mineral resource estimate 
for  the  Bermingham  deposit  (see  news  release  dated  September  20,  2018,  entitled  “Alexco 
Updates  Bermingham  Resource”).  The  indicated  mineral  resources  expanded  from  17.3  million 
ounces  to  33.3  million  ounces  of  contained  silver  at  an  average  silver  grade  of  628  g/t,  while 
inferred mineral resources increased from 5.4 million ounces to 10.4 million ounces of contained 
silver at an average silver grade of 526 g/t.  

 

In  the  fourth  quarter  of  2018  the  Corporation  determined  that  the  likely  timeline  to  renew  the 
currently  active  Water  Use  Licence  (“WUL”)  (which  includes  authorization  for  water  use  and 
waste deposition related to development and processing of Bermingham ores) would be near the 
end  of  the  second  quarter  of  2019.  With  this  information  in  hand  and  the  announcement  of  an 
expanded  mineral resource  at  Bermingham  (above),  the  Corporation  elected  to  extend  the pre-
feasibility study (“PFS”) completion timeline to the end Q1 2019. With respect to the outstanding 
renewal of the WUL originally expected in Q2 2019, the Corporation believes it prudent to guide 
toward a third quarter issuance of this final WUL, due to continued backlog pressure in the Yukon 
Water Board process.  

  On December 6, 2018 the Association for Mineral Exploration (“AME”) announced the recipients 
of  their  2018  Celebration  of  Excellence  Award  winners.  Alexco’s  Al  McOnie  (VP,  Exploration), 

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Seymour  Iles  (District  Exploration  Manager)  and  Jared  Chipman  (Sr.  Geologist)  were  honored 
with  the  H.H.  ‘Spud’  Huestis  Award  for  Excellence  in  Prospecting  and  Mineral  Exploration. This 
award  is  a  result  of  their  work  on  the  recent  discovery  and  delineation  of  more  than  60  million 
ounces of silver in the Flame & Moth and Bermingham deposits in the Keno Hill Silver District. 

ALEXCO ENVIRONMENTAL GROUP 

  Alexco  Environmental  Group  (“AEG”),  recognized  revenues  of  $19,880,000  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2018 for a gross profit of $6,052,000 achieving a gross margin of 30% compared 
to  revenues  of  $10,732,000  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017  for  a  gross  profit  of 
$4,000,000 achieving a gross margin of 37%. AEG operating income before taxes for 2018 was 
$1,518,000 excluding non-cash costs of $165,000 (see Note 28 in the financial statements for the 
year ended December 31, 2018).  

  On  April  3,  2018  Alexco’s  wholly  owned  US  subsidiary,  Alexco  Water  and  Environment  Inc. 
(“AWE”),  entered  into  a  Master  Services  Agreement  (“MSA”)  with  Colorado  Legacy  Land  LLC 
(“CLL”)  to  become  the  Operator  of  Responsible  Charge  for  the  Schwartzwalder  Mine  and  the 
former Cañon City Uranium Mill reclamation and cleanup projects. These long-term arrangements 
are expected to take more than ten years to complete and are expected to generate revenue in 
excess of US$20,000,000 for AWE.  

  On  June  15,  2018  AEG  acquired  Contango  Strategies  Ltd.  (“Contango”),  a  private  company 
based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, for consideration of $1,388,000 comprising $971,600 in cash 
and 237,999 common shares of Alexco at a value of $416,400. Settlement of the consideration is 
in two tranches with $1,018,000 (comprising $601,600 in cash and $416,400 in Alexco common 
shares)  paid  on  closing  with  the  remaining  $370,000  cash  payment  to  be  made  on  the  first 
anniversary of the closing of the transaction. The acquisition includes all of Contango’s operations 
including $450,000 in working capital, and property, plant and equipment. 

SELECTED ANNUAL CONSOLIDATED CORPORATE INFORMATION 

(expressed in thousands of Canadian 
dollars, except per share amounts) 

Revenue  
Gross profit  

Net loss 
Loss per share:  

Basic 
Diluted 
Total assets 
Total long-term liabilities 
Dividends declared 

OVERVIEW OF THE BUSINESS 

As at and for the year ended December 31 

2018 

19,880 
6,052 

(8,501)

($0.08)
($0.08)
133,018 
8,384 
Nil 

2017 

10,732 
4,000 

(7,813) 

($0.08) 
($0.08) 
122,324 
5,669 
Nil 

2016 

11,361 
2,866 

(4,524)

($0.05)
($0.05)
109,686 
4,332 
Nil 

Alexco owns substantially all of the historic Keno Hill Silver District (“KHSD”), located in Canada's Yukon 
Territory. The Bellekeno silver mine, one of the world's highest-grade silver mines with a production grade 
averaging 779 g/t, commenced commercial production at the beginning of 2011 and was Canada's only 

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operating primary silver mine from 2011 to 2013, producing a total of 5.6 million ounces of silver during 
that time. In September 2013 Alexco suspended Bellekeno mining operations in light of a sharply reduced 
silver and base metal prices. Since the suspension Alexco has focused on evaluating the Flame & Moth 
and  the  Bermingham  deposits,  renegotiating  third  party  contracts  and  reviewing  other  opportunities  to 
reduce  future  mining  operating  costs  for  future  operations  at  Keno  Hill.  This  work  culminated  with  the 
publication of an updated preliminary economic assessment (“PEA”) in 2017. With the PEA study in hand, 
Alexco has moved forward to development of a PFS focused on potential KHSD economics related to the 
return  of  KHSD  to  commercial  operations  including  production  from  the  Flame  &  Moth,  Bermingham, 
Lucky Queen and Bellekeno silver deposits. 

Alexco also owns and operates an environmental consulting business, AEG, which provides a variety of 
mine  and  industrial  related  environmental  services,  including  management  of  the  regulatory  and 
environmental permitting process, remediation technologies and reclamation and mine closure services. 
AEG  provides  these  services  to  both  government  and  industry  clients  through  its  wholly  owned 
subsidiaries,  Alexco  Environmental  Group  Inc.  (“AEG  Canada”),  Alexco  Water  and  Environment  Inc. 
(“AWE”)  and  Contango  Strategies  Ltd.  (“Contango”).  Alexco  also  owns  certain  patent  rights  related  to 
mine  reclamation  and  closure  processes  including  the  in-situ  immobilization  of  metals  in  groundwater, 
soils, waste stacks and pit lakes. 

Alexco  is  a  public  company  which  is  listed  on  the  NYSE  American  Stock  Exchange  (under  the  symbol 
AXU) and the Toronto Stock Exchange (under the symbol AXR).  

OUTLOOK AND STRATEGY 

Keno Hill Silver District  

Alexco’s current primary focus is to re-start mining operations at Keno Hill, commodity prices, commercial 
arrangements and markets considered. Alexco has the requisite permits and authorizations for future ore 
production  from  the  Flame  &  Moth,  Lucky  Queen,  Bellekeno  and  Onek  deposits.  In  November  2017  a 
project  proposal  for  environmental  assessment  was  submitted  to  Yukon  Environmental  and  Socio-
economic  Assessment  Board  (“YESAB”)  for  future  production  and  processing  of  ore  from  the 
Bermingham  deposit.  A  positive  Decision  Document  was  issued  by  the  Yukon  Government  on  July  27, 
2018. Completion of the amendments to Alexco’s Quartz Mining Licence (“QML”) is now expected in Q2 
2019, and a renewal of the WUL is expected in Q3 2019. At that point Alexco will be fully permitted for ore 
production and processing from the Bermingham deposit in addition to the previously mentioned Flame & 
Moth, Lucky Queen, Bellekeno and Onek deposits. 

The  KHSD  is  located  in  the  Yukon  Territory  approximately  330  kilometers  north  of  Whitehorse  in  the 
vicinity of the villages of Mayo and Keno City and lies within the traditional territory of the First Nation of 
Na-Cho Nyak Dun (“FNNND”). Alexco is party to a Comprehensive Cooperation and Benefits Agreement 
(“CCBA”) with the FNNND, setting out common understandings, obligations and opportunities arising from 
all of Alexco’s activities within the Keno Hill District including exploration, care and maintenance, District 
closure activities and mine production. 

Alexco Environmental Group 

Alexco owns and operates AEG which carries out a variety of fee for service and turnkey project activities 
related to environmental management and assessment, project permitting, remediation, water treatment 
and project closure mandates in North America and elsewhere. AEG has developed a strong client base 
within the mining industry and has also been able to establish new lines of business related to industrial 
site  soil  remediation,  water  treatment  and  historical  mine  pool  remediation  as  well  as  emergency  water 
treatment services. With the acquisition of Contango in June 2018, AEG has expanded its business lines 
into specialized biological water treatment systems for mining, oil and gas, and industrial operations.  

- 5 - 

 
 
 
 
AEG  provides  consulting  services  to  Alexco’s  wholly  owned  subsidiary,  Elsa  Reclamation  and 
Development  Ltd.  (“ERDC”),  on  the  on-going  environmental  care  and  maintenance  program  and 
reclamation and closure projects at Keno Hill with the Federal Government of Canada (“Canada”) and in 
accordance with the amended and restated Subsidiary Agreement (“ARSA”). 

ERDC 

As part of Alexco’s 2006 acquisition of the United Keno Hill Mines (“UKHM”) mineral rights in the Keno Hill 
District, ERDC is party to the ARSA with Canada. Under the ARSA, ERDC is retained by Canada as a 
paid  contractor  responsible  on  a  continuing  basis  for  the  environmental  care  and  maintenance  and 
ultimate  closure  reclamation  of  the  former  UKHM  mineral  properties.  The  ARSA  provides  that  ERDC 
share  the  responsibility  for  the  development  of  the  ultimate  closure  plan  with  Canada.  Upon  regulatory 
approval, the closure plan will be implemented by ERDC. During the period required to develop the plan 
and until the closure plan is executed, ERDC is also responsible for carrying out the environmental care 
and maintenance at various sites within the UKHM mineral rights, for a fixed annual fee established on a 
per-site  basis  totaling  $850,000,  adjustable  for  material  changes  in  scope.  ERDC  receives  agreed-to 
commercial contractor rates when retained by Canada to provide environmental services in the Keno Hill 
District  outside  the  scope  of  care  and  maintenance  and  closure  and  reclamation  planning  under  the 
ARSA. 

ERDC currently holds a Type B WUL under the Yukon Waters Act to undertake care and maintenance 
activities in the Keno Hill area. The final Existing State of Mine (“ESM”) Reclamation Plan at Keno Hill was 
completed  in  September  2018  and  was  subsequently  submitted  for  environmental  assessment  by  the 
YESAB. The ESM Project Proposal to YESAB was declared adequate in February 2019. Subsequent to 
completion of the YESAB environmental assessment process, a WUL amendment will be required from 
the Yukon Water Board to authorize the activities necessary to effect closure of the site.  After licencing, 
funding approval from Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (“CIRNAC”) for the final 
cleanup project will be subject to review and acceptance of the project by the Treasury Board of Canada. 
The final ESM Reclamation Plan is subject to amendment that may result from requirements during the 
assessment, licencing, and funding approval processes. 

Economic Climate 

Silver, lead and zinc are the primary metals found within the Keno Hill District historically. With respect to 
the economic climate during 2018, prices have steadily declined with an average silver price of US$15.71 
during  the  year.  Silver  traded  from  a  high  of  US$17.52  on  January  25,  2018  to  a  low  of  US$13.97  on 
November 14, 2018, while lead traded between US$1.22 to US$0.87 and zinc traded between US$1.64 
to US$1.04 per pound. As at the date of this MD&A, spot commodity prices are approximately US$15.50 
per  ounce  silver,  US$0.95  per  pound  for  lead  and  US$1.29  per  pound  for  zinc  and  the  Canadian-US 
exchange rate is approximately US$0.75 per CAD. Consensus investment analyst forecasts over the next 
two years for silver average approximately US$16.25 per ounce, for lead average approximately US$1.05 
per  pound,  and  for zinc US$1.18  per  pound,  with  the  Canadian-US  exchange  rate  forecast  at  US$0.76 
per  CAD  (see  “Risk  Factors”  in  the  MD&A  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  including  but  not 
limited to “Potential Profitability Of Mineral Properties Depends Upon Other Factors Beyond the Control of 
the Corporation” and “General Economic Conditions May Adversely Affect the Corporation’s Growth and 
Profitability” thereunder). 

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Keno Hill Silver District  

2018 Flame & Moth Development 

During 2018 Alexco commenced the underground ramping system at the Flame & Moth deposit. Alexco 
completed the targeted Flame & Moth underground development program for 2018 with 452 m driven in 
total,  comprising  371  m  of  linear  decline  advance  and  81  m  included  in  support  infrastructure. 
Approximately 336 m of ramp and infrastructure development remains to reach the first ore level access 
at the Lightning Zone. In addition, a 100 m ventilation raise to surface will be required before commercial 
ore production can be achieved. Completion of the remaining ramp development, raise and infrastructure 
is pending completion of the PFS and a positive production decision.  

The Flame & Moth decline is being constructed at a design of 15% grade and sized 3.7 m wide x 4.0 m 
high  and  will  accommodate  new  underground  drilling  headings  as  well  as  haulage  up  to  250  to  400 
tonnes of ore per day to the primary crusher which is located within 200 m of the mine portal.  

Exploration 

i. 

2018 Advanced Exploration Program - Bermingham 

In  May  2018  the  Corporation  completed  the  550  m  advanced  exploration  decline  and  from  established 
underground drilling stations, completed an underground drilling program designed to provide 10 – 15 m 
spaced intercepts in the upper portion of the high grade Bear Vein. 

The underground drilling program was completed in September 2018 with 4,230 m in 24 holes, with most 
holes being extended beyond the Bear Vein to also intersect the adjacent mineralized Bermingham and 
Bermingham Footwall veins.   

At the same time, surface drilling continued to infill and extend mineralization in areas peripheral to the 
Bermingham resources with a total of 3,756 m completed in 11 holes.  

Initial  2018  results  from  this  underground  drilling  campaign  were  announced  on  August  9,  2018  (see 
news release dated August 9, 2018, entitled “Alexco Drills up to 12 Meters (true width) of 1,019 grams per 
tonne  Silver  at  Bermingham  Deposit,  Provides  Update  on  Permitting  and  Underground  Development”) 
and  further  results  were  announced  on  September  17,  2018  (see  news  release  dated  September  17, 
2018,  entitled  “Alexco  Drills  Intersects  4.3  Meters  (Tue  Width)  of  3,605  Grams  per  Tonne  Silver  at 
Bermingham, Completes Underground  Infill/Exploration Drill Program”). 

The  in-drill  results  confirmed  the  previously  anticipated  silver  grades  and  vein  thickness  with  significant 
intercepts reported such as the Bear Vein over a 4.29 m true width grading 3,605 g/t (115.91 oz/t) silver in 
hole BMUG18-018 and 12.28 m true width grading 1,019 g/t (32.8 oz/t) silver in hole BMUG18-012. Other 
significant  intercepts  were  reported  from  the  associated  Bermingham  and  Bermingham  Footwall  veins 
including 4.17 m true width grading 5,373 g/t (172.8 oz/t) Ag in hole BMUG18-015. 

ii. 

Updated Mineral Resource Estimate - Bermingham 

The results from the 2017 and 2018 exploration drilling programs were incorporated into the updated and 
expanded mineral resource estimate for the Bermingham deposit prepared by SRK Consulting (Canada) 
Inc.  (“SRK”)  and  announced  on  September  20,  2018  (see  news  release  dated  September  20,  2018 
entitled, “Alexco Updates Bermingham Mineral Resource”). 

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The indicated mineral resources expanded from 17.3 million ounces to 33.3 million ounces of contained 
silver  at  an  average  grade  of  628  g/t  silver,  while  inferred  mineral  resources  have  increased  from  5.4 
million  ounces  to  10.4  million  ounces  of  contained  silver  at  an  average  grade  of  526 g/t  silver.  This 
updated and expanded mineral resource estimate will be used as the basis for the PFS currently being 
prepared. 

iii. 

2018 Other Exploration Areas  

In  October  2018  the  Corporation  completed  its  2018  surface  exploration  program  as  planned,  drilling  a 
total of 15,314 m in 55 completed drill holes (including the 3,756 m in 11 surface holes at Bermingham 
noted above).  

In  addition  to  the  exploration  drilling  that  was  focused  on  the  Bermingham  prospect,  other  generative 
programs were undertaken on historically mined sites at the Husky, No Cash, Townsite, Eagle, Bellekeno 
South  and  Black  Cap  occurrences  with  26  holes  completed  in  7,687  m.  The  assay  results  from  these 
holes were announced on January 21, 2019 (see news release dated January 21, 2019, entitled “Alexco 
2018  Reconnaissance  Drilling  Confirms  Continuation  of  Bermingham  Mineralization  at  Depth  and 
Identifies an Offset Extension, Identifies New Gold Targets”). This included: 

  A  new  exploration  initiative  was  undertaken  on  third  party  properties  within  the  district  complex 

with 2,692 m completed in eight drill holes. 

  11  drill  holes  for  1,179  m  completed  at  the  Flame  &  Moth  deposit,  for  metallurgical  and 

geotechnical purposes. 

During  the  fourth  quarter  the  Corporation  completed  a  high  resolution  helicopter  EM-magnetic 
geophysical survey totalling 1,100 line kilometers over the Galena Hill area. The data is currently being 
processed  and  when  available  will  assist  with  geological  interpretation  and  correlation  of  known 
mineralized structures to identify new prospective zones.   

Permitting Update 

Alexco has the requisite permits and authorizations for future ore production from the Bellekeno, Flame & 
Moth,  Lucky  Queen,  and  Onek  deposits.  Permitting  for  production  from  the  Bermingham  deposit  is 
ongoing  with  a  positive  Decision  Document  issued  by  the  Yukon  Government  on  July  27,  2018.  The 
Decision  Document  outlines  a  number  of  standard  terms  and  conditions  for  development  and  mine 
production from the Bermingham deposit.  

With the issuance of the Decision Document, Alexco submitted a water license amendment and renewal 
application to the Yukon Water Board for processing and milling ore and discharging treated water from 
the Bermingham mine. 

Completion  of  the  amendments  to  Alexco’s  QML  are  expected  Q2  2019,  and  a  renewal  of  the  WUL  is 
expected in Q3 2019.  

Pre-feasibility Study 

During the fourth quarter of 2018 the Corporation continued to work with independent consultants on the 
PFS. As a result of the announcement of an expanded mineral resource at Bermingham and a delay of 
the permitting timeline for the Bermingham deposit, completion of the PFS is anticipated late in the first 
quarter of 2019. The PFS will address optimization of underground development and mining strategies for 

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the restart of commercial mining operations in the KHSD, including strategies related to extraction of the 
recently expanded Bermingham resource. 

Mine Site Care and Maintenance 

Mine site care and maintenance costs for 2018 totaled $2,603,000 compared to $1,888,000 in 2017. The 
increase  in  costs  is  mainly  due  to  site-based  expenditures  and  mill  maintenance  and  refurbishment 
initiatives related to future recommissioning of the mill and related plant. Included in mine site care and 
maintenance costs is depreciation expense of $1,292,000 for 2018 compared to $1,366,000 for 2017. 

General and Administrative Expenses  

Corporate: 

Corporate general and administrative expenses during 2018 totaled $7,498,000 compared to $8,164,000 
for  2017.  This  includes  non-cash  costs  of  $2,649,000  in  2018  and  $2,407,000  in  2017.  The  corporate 
general and administrative expenses decreased in 2018 primarily as a result of the Corporation incurring 
higher  costs  in  2017  related  to  restructuring  the  Amended  SPA  with  Wheaton  and  professional  and 
consulting fees for restructuring AEG.  

Environmental Services: 

Environmental Services general and administrative expenses during 2018 totaled $4,672,000 compared 
to $2,778,000 for 2017. The increase in general and administrative expenses in 2018 is attributable to the 
additional  overheads  associated  with  operation  of  the  Contango  business  and  additional  investment  in 
professional employees and support functions required to meet demand and growth in the business. 

Alexco Environmental Group (AEG) and ERDC 

Highlights during 2018: 

  AEG  recognized  revenues  of  $19,880,000  in  2018  for  a  gross  profit  of  $6,052,000  achieving  a 
gross  margin  of  30%  compared  to  revenues  of  $10,732,000  for  a  gross  profit  of  $4,000,000 
achieving a gross margin of 37% in 2017. The increase in gross profit during the 2018 period was 
primarily due to new projects from both Canadian and US customers.  

  During  the  year,  under  the  contract  with  Canada  on  the  historical  cleanup  at  Keno  Hill,  ERDC 
submitted  the  ESM  Reclamation  Plan  for  environmental  assessment  by  YESAB.  In  addition, 
ERDC continued with detailed engineering related to the closure plan.   

  AEG  is  successfully  operating  two  water  treatment  facilities  in  the  US,  the  Gladstone  Interim 
Water Treatment Plant (“IWTP”) near Silverton Colorado and the Schwartzwalder industrial water 
treatment plant near Golden Colorado, as well as four smaller water treatment facilities within the 
Keno Hill District in the Yukon Territory, Canada.   

Acquisition of Contango Strategies Ltd. 

On June 15, 2018 AEG acquired Contango, a private company based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, for 
consideration  of  $1,388,000  comprising  $971,600  in  cash  and  237,999 common  shares  of  Alexco  at  a 
value  of  $416,400.  Settlement  of  the  consideration  is  in  two  tranches  with  $1,018,000  (comprising 
$601,600 in cash and $416,400 in Alexco common shares) paid on closing with the remaining $370,000 
cash  payment  to  be  made  on  the  first  anniversary  of  the  closing  of  the  transaction. The  acquisition 

- 9 - 

 
 
 
included  all  of  Contango’s  operations  including  $450,000  in  working  capital,  and  property,  plant  and 
equipment. 

Contango specializes in biological (passive, semi-passive and active) water treatment systems for mining, 
oil and gas, and industrial operations. Contango operates a year-round environmentally controlled pilot-
scale  facility,  which  allows  for  the  development,  testing  and  optimization  of  technologies  such  as 
bioreactors and constructed treatment wetlands. Additionally, genetic profiling using Contango’s in-house 
DNA sequencing  facility  and  microbiology  laboratories can detect  and  identify  microbes  for  applications 
including bioreactor optimization, corrosion and fouling correction, and environmental remediation. 

FOURTH QUARTER 

For the quarter ended December 31, 2018 Alexco reported a net loss of $1,795,000 on total revenues of 
$8,902,000  compared  to  a  net  loss  of  $1,790,000  on  total  revenues  of  $2,507,000  in  2017.  AEG 
recognized revenues of $8,902,000 in the fourth quarter of 2018 for a gross profit of $2,152,000 achieving 
a gross margin of 24% compared to revenues of $2,507,000 in the fourth quarter of 2017 for a gross profit 
of  $993,000  achieving  a  gross  margin  of  40%.  The  higher  2018  period  revenue  was  attributed  to 
commencement of a new project requiring construction of a Water Treatment Plant, which included lower 
margin work on the front end of the project.  

Mine site care and maintenance costs in fourth quarter of 2018 totaled $319,000 compared to $453,000 
for the same period in 2017. The decrease in costs is mainly due to a lower depreciation charge in the 
2018 period.  

Corporate  general  and  administrative  expenses  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2018  totaled  $1,671,000 
compared to $1,895,000 in the fourth quarter of 2017. The decrease in the 2018 period relates primarily 
to AEG restructuring costs incurred in the 2017 period.   

Environmental  Services  general  and  administrative  expenses  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2018  totaled 
$1,576,000  compared  to  $585,000  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2017.  The  increase  in  general  and 
administrative  expenses  in  the  2018  period  is  attributable  to  an  approximate  125%  expansion  of  the 
professional  and  operating  workforce  to  82  employees  to  meet  increased  client-based  demand  and 
additional overheads associated with operation of the Contango business.   

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS 

Key  financial  information  for  the  most  recent  eight  quarters  is  summarized  as  follows,  reported  in 
thousands of Canadian dollars except for per share amounts: 

Period 

Revenue 

Gross 
Profit 

Net Income 
(Loss) 

Basic Income 
(Loss) per 
Share 

Diluted 
Income 
(Loss) per 
Share 

Expenditures 
Capitalized on 
Mineral 
Properties 

2017-Q1 
2017-Q2 
2017-Q3 
2017-Q4 
2017 Total (restated) 
2018-Q1 
2018-Q2 
2018-Q3 
2018-Q4 
2018 Total  

1,935 
2,504 
3,786 
2,507 
10,732 
2,764 
3,545 
4,669 
8,902 
19,880 

549 
913 
1,545 
993 
4,000 
830 
1,368 
1,702 
2,152 
6,052 

(973)
(2,736)
(2,313)
(1,791)
(7,813)
(3,261)
(1,896)
(1,548)
(1,795)
(8,501)

$(0.01) 
$(0.03) 
$(0.02) 
$(0.03) 
$(0.09) 
$(0.03) 
$(0.02) 
$(0.01) 
$(0.02) 
$(0.08) 

$(0.01) 
$(0.03) 
$(0.02) 
$(0.03) 
$(0.09) 
$(0.03) 
$(0.02) 
$(0.01) 
$(0.02) 
$(0.08) 

Note:  Sum of all the quarters may not add up to the yearly totals due to rounding 

885 
1,782 
3,491 
2,809 
8,967 
3,147 
4,812 
6,517 
3,163 
17,639 

- 10 - 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  net  loss  for  2017  quarters  reflect  site  based  expenditures  along  with  general  and  administrative 
expenses, costs related to restructuring the Wheaton streaming agreement partially offset by AEG profits, 
a foreign exchange gain and a gain on investments. The net loss from the 2018 quarters reflect fair value 
adjustment  losses  from  the  Corporation’s  available-for-sale  investments,  site  based  expenditures,  mill 
maintenance  initiatives  and  general  and  administrative  expenses  offset  by  a  non-cash  fair  value  gain 
related to the embedded derivative on the Wheaton streaming agreement.   

The mineral property expenditures in 2017 reflect the resource estimation work being completed on the 
Bermingham and Flame & Moth deposits and completion of the PEA during the first quarter followed by 
the surface exploration program and commencement of the advanced underground exploration program 
at the Bermingham deposit. The mineral property expenditures in the first quarter of 2018 mainly reflect 
the continued advancement of the  underground exploration decline at  the Bermingham deposit and the 
expenditures incurred in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2018 reflect completion of the advanced 
exploration  decline,  completion  of  the  underground  drilling  program  at  the  Bermingham  deposit, 
commencement  of 
the  Flame  &  Moth  deposit  and 
commencement of a 15,000 m surface drilling program. The Corporation is continuing to work on a pre-
feasibility study, which will include the drill results from the 2017 surface drill program along with the 2018 
drill program at the Bermingham deposit. 

the  underground  development  decline  at 

Liquidity, Cash Flows and Capital Resources 

Liquidity 

At  December  31,  2018  the  Corporation  had cash  and  cash equivalents  of  $8,576,000,  and  net  working 
capital of $10,188,000 compared to cash and cash equivalents of $17,906,000 and net working capital of 
$18,676,000 at December 31, 2017. The Corporation faces no known liquidity issues or is aware of any 
significant  credit  risks  in  any  of  its  financial  assets.  In  addition,  the  Corporation’s  restricted  cash  and 
deposits at December 31, 2018 totalled $2,725,000 compared to $7,092,000 at December 31, 2017.  

With its cash resources and net working capital on hand at December 31, 2018, and assuming no re-start 
of  full  scale  mining  operations,  Alexco  anticipates  it  will  have  sufficient  capital  resources  to  service  the 
working capital requirements of its mine site care and maintenance, exploration activities, environmental 
services  business  and  corporate  offices  and  administration,  for  at  least  the  next  12  month  period.  As 
noted  elsewhere  in  this  MD&A,  re-start  of  mining  operations  is  dependent  on  a  number  of  factors, 
including a supportive silver market, maintaining current metal prices and foreign exchange rates. A re-
start  of  underground  production  operations  will  require  additional  capital  investment,  in  excess  of  the 
capital resources currently on hand. Because of these factors, combined with its long term objectives for 
the  exploration  and  development  of  its  mineral  properties,  the  Corporation  is  likely  to  require  future 
additional funding. 

Historically,  Alexco’s  main  sources  of  funding  have  been  from  mining  operations,  AEG  and  equity 
issuances.  All  sources  of  finance  reasonably  available  will  be  considered  to  fund  future  requirements, 
including but not limited to issuance of new capital, issuance of new debt and the sale of assets in whole 
or  in  part,  including  mineral  property  interests.  There  can  be  no  assurance  of  a  re-start  of  mining 
operations  or  continued  access  to  finance  in  the  future,  and  an  inability  to  generate  or  secure  such 
funding  may  require  the  Corporation  to  substantially  curtail  and  defer  its  planned  exploration  and 
development activities. 

- 11 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Flows 

Three Months Ended 
December 31 

2018

2017

2018 

Year Ended 
December 31 
2017

Cash flow from (used) in operating activities 
Cash flow from investing activities 
Cash flow provided by financing activities 

$            (657) 
(4,840) 
23 

$              478 
(3,965) 
29 

$           (5,490) 
(14,161) 
10,321 

$        (4,054) 
(7,329) 
8,907 

$            (5,474) 

$         (3,458) 

$         (9,330) 

$        (2,476) 

Cash  outflow  in  operating  activities  was  $657,000  for  the  fourth  quarter  of  2018  versus  cash  inflow  of 
$478,000 for the fourth quarter of 2017.  The majority of cash outflow from operating activities during the 
2018 period were  expended  on site-based care  and  maintenance  costs  and  general  and  administrative 
costs  offset  by  profits  from  AEG.  Cash  outflow  from  investing  activities  were  $4,840,000  for  the  fourth 
quarter  of  2018  versus  a  cash  outflow  of  $3,965,000  for  the  fourth  quarter  of  2017.  The  cash  outflow 
during the fourth quarter of 2018 related to the surface exploration program and work on a pre-feasibility 
study.  The cash inflow from financing activities was $23,000 for the fourth quarter of 2018 versus a cash 
inflow of $29,000 for the fourth quarter of 2017.  

Cash used in operating activities was $5,490,000 for 2018 versus $4,054,000 for 2017. The majority of 
cash  consumed  in  operating  activities  during  the  2018  and  2017  periods  were  expended  on  site-based 
care  and  maintenance  costs  and  general  and  administrative  costs  offset  by  profits  from  AEG.  Cash 
outflow  from  investing  activities  were  $14,161,000  for  2018  versus  $7,329,000  for  2017.  The  increased 
cash  outflow  in  2018  primarily  related  to  the  Bermingham  underground  advanced  exploration  program, 
increased  surface  exploration  programs,  underground  development  work  at  Flame  &  Moth  deposit  and 
work on the prefeasibility study. Furthermore, the Corporation acquired Contango in 2018. The outflows in 
2018 were partially offset with the release of restricted funds in place of a surety bond. During 2017, the 
Corporation  received  $2,003,000  from  the  proceeds  on  the  disposal  of  investments  compared  to 
$207,000  outflow  from  purchasing  investments  in  2018.  Cash  inflow  from  financing  activities  were 
$10,321,000 for 2018 compared to $8,907,000 for 2017. The 2018 cash inflow relates to proceeds from a 
completed  public  offering  consisting  of  4,703,000  flow-through  shares  at  a  blended  price  of  $1.92  per 
share  along  with  $2,245,000  from  the  exercise  of  warrants  and  stock  options.  In  2017  the  Corporation 
had cash inflow from proceeds totalling $8,907,000 from a private placement and the exercise of warrants 
and stock options.  

Silver Purchase Agreement (“SPA”) with Wheaton  

On  October  2,  2008  (with  subsequent  amendments  on  October  20,  2008,  December  10,  2008, 
December 22,  2009,  March  31,  2010,  January  15,  2013,  March  11,  2014  and  June  16,  2014),  the 
Corporation entered into a SPA with Wheaton under which Wheaton will receive 25% of the life of mine 
payable  silver  produced  by  the  Corporation  from  its  Keno  Hill  Silver  District  properties.  The  SPA 
anticipated that the initial silver deliveries would come from the Bellekeno property.  Under the SPA, the 
Corporation  received  up-front  deposit  payments  from  Wheaton  totaling  US$50,000,000  and  received 
further  payments  of  the  lesser  of  US$3.90  (increasing  by  1%  per  annum  after  the  third  year  of  full 
production)  and  the  prevailing  market  price  for  each  ounce  of  payable  silver  delivered,  if  as  and  when 
delivered. After the initial 40 year term of the streaming interest, the Corporation is required to refund the 
balance of any advance payments received and not yet notionally reduced through silver deliveries. The 
Corporation  would  also  be  required  to  refund  the  balance  of  advance  payments  received  and  not  yet 
reduced  if  Wheaton  exercised  its  right  to  terminate  the  streaming  interest  in  an  event  of  default  by  the 
Corporation. As of September 2013, Bellekeno mining operations were suspended in light of a reduced 
silver price environment. 

- 12 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On March 29, 2017 the Corporation and Wheaton amended the SPA such that Wheaton will continue to 
receive 25% of the life of mine payable silver from the Keno Hill Silver District with a variable production 
payment  based  on  monthly  silver  head  grade  and  monthly  silver  spot  price.  The  actual  monthly 
production payment from Wheaton is determined based on the monthly average silver head grade at the 
mill and the monthly average spot price, as determined by a grade and pricing curve with an upper ceiling 
grade  of  1,400  g/t  silver and  price  of  US$25  per  ounce of  silver and  a  floor grade  of  600 g/t  silver  and 
price of US$13 per ounce of silver. Additional terms of the amendment include a date for completion of 
the  400  tonne  per  day  mine  and  mill  completion  test,  which  has  now  been  extended  to  December  31, 
2020. If the completion test is not satisfied by December 31, 2020, the Corporation will be required to pay 
a  capacity  related  refund  to  Wheaton  in  the  maximum  amount  of  US$8,788,000,  which  can  be  further 
proportionately reduced by mine production and mill throughput exceeding 322 tonnes per day for a 30 
day period prior to December 31, 2020. The Amended SPA is secured against the Corporation’s mineral 
properties until repayment of the original deposit of US$50,000,000. 

As  at  December  31,  2018,  the  fair  value  of  the  embedded  derivative  was  calculated  based  on  the 
discounted  future  cash  flows  associated  with  the  difference  between  the  original  US$3.90  per  ounce 
production payment Wheaton would pay for each payable ounce delivered under the SPA and the new 
production payment under the Amended SPA which varies depending on the monthly silver head grade 
and  silver  price.  The  model  relies  upon  inputs  from  the  PEA,  such  as  payable  ounces  delivered,  head 
grade  and  silver  price  and  will  be  updated  as  a  result  of  updated  studies,  mine  plans  and  actual 
production. A discount rate of 13%, representing the implied discount rate applied to the payment made 
under the Amended SPA was used to calculate the net present value. There were adjustments totalling 
$3,071,000  recorded  during  2018  (2017  -  $nil)  primarily  as  a  result  of  a  reduction  in  silver  price  and 
reduction  in  value  of  the  Canadian  dollar  during  the  period.  See  Guidance  on  Embedded  Derivative 
below. 

Capital Resources 

On  June  14,  2018,  the  Corporation  completed  an  offering,  on  a  bought  deal  basis,  of  4,703,000  flow-
through  common  shares  at  a  blended  price  of  approximately  $1.92  per  share  for  gross  proceeds  of 
$9,041,150.  The  securities  issued  under  the  offering  were  compromised  of  (i)  966,500  flow-through 
shares  with  respect  to  "Canadian  exploration  expenses"  issued  at  $2.05  per  share;  (ii)  1,736,500  flow-
through shares with respect to "Canadian exploration expenses" that also qualify as "flow-through mining 
expenditures"  issued  at  $2.05  per  share;  and  (iii)  2,000,000  flow-through  shares  with  respect  to 
"Canadian  development  expenses"  issued  at  $1.75.  As  of  December  31,  2018  the  Corporation  had 
$3,170,000 to be spent prior to December 31, 2019. 

On May 30, 2017, the Corporation completed a bought deal financing and issued 4,205,820 flow-through 
common shares on a private placement basis at a price of $2.15 per share for aggregate gross proceeds 
of  $9,042,513.  As  of  December  31,  2018  the  Corporation  had  incurred  all  $9,042,513  of  these  flow-
through funds. 

On February 23, 2018 the Corporation entered into a definitive credit agreement with Sprott to provide a 
US$15,000,000 Credit Facility. The Credit Facility remains undrawn and has the following key terms: 

  Term of 3 years, Maturity Date – February 23, 2021 
Interest rate on funds drawn down: the greater of 
 
o  7% plus US Dollar 3 month LIBOR and 
o  8% per annum, payable monthly 

  Repayable in quarterly installments from October 31, 2019 through to the Maturity Date 
  Upon draw down of funds a 3% charge of the draw down is charged 
  1,000,000  share  purchase  warrants  were  issued  to  Sprott  with  a  five-year  term,  an  exercise 
price of $2.25 per share and a right by the Corporation to accelerate the expiry date to 30 days 

- 13 - 

 
 
 
following the closing price of the shares exceeding $5.63 for more than 20 consecutive trading 
days 

  Repayable  in  whole  or  in  part,  without  penalty,  provided  not  less  than  twelve  (12)  months  of 

interest has been paid on any outstanding amount 

  On February 14, 2019 the Corporation extended the availability period of draw down to August 

23, 2019 from February 23, 2019 by issuing to Sprott 171,480 Alexco common shares. 

On  September  21,  2018  the  Corporation  filed  a  short  form  base  shelf  prospectus  with  the  securities 
commissions in each of the Provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario 
and a corresponding amendment to its registration statement on Form F-10 (Registration Statement) with 
the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the U.S./Canada Multijurisdictional 
Disclosure  System,  which  would  allow  the  Corporation  to  make  offerings  of  common  shares,  warrants, 
subscription  receipts  and/or  units  up  to  an  aggregate  total  of  $50,000,000  during  the  25-month  period 
following September 21, 2018. 

The  following  table  summarizes  the  current  contractual  obligations  of  the  Corporation  and  associated 
payment requirements over the next five years and thereafter: 

Contractual Obligations 
(expressed in thousands of dollars) 

Payments Due by Period 

Total 

Less than  
1 year 

1 – 3 years 

3 – 5 years 

After 5 years 

Operating leases 
Purchase obligations 
Decommissioning and rehabilitation 
provision (undiscounted basis) 

$       1,440 
360 

$       390 
60 

$       703 
180 

$         347 
120 

$         Nil 
Nil 

6,573 

- 

733 

298 

5,542 

Total 

$    8,373 

$       450 

$    1,616 

$    765 

$    5,542 

Guidance on Embedded Derivative 

As  discussed  above,  the  valuation  model  for  the  embedded  derivative  related  to  the  Wheaton  SPA 
currently relies upon inputs from the PEA, such as payable ounces delivered and head grade, and will be 
updated as a result of updated studies, mine plans and actual production. Upon completion of the PFS, 
the  valuation  model  will  replace  the  inputs  from  the  PEA  with  inputs  from  the  PFS.  Furthermore  the 
valuation  model  for  the  embedded  derivative  has  been  updated  to  utilize  a  probability  based  dynamic 
pricing structure as opposed to a static pricing structure. As such, the discount rate used and silver price 
assumptions  are  updated  quarterly  based  on  the  risk-free  yield  curve  and  silver  price  forward  curve  at 
quarter end. 

Based  on  assumptions  used  in  the  dynamic  valuation  model  the  value  of  the  derivative  asset  as  at 
December 31, 2018 is  $9,671,000. If, for example, the silver price were to decline  to US$13 per ounce 
and  all  other  assumptions  remained  the  same,  the  approximate  derivative  asset  value  would  be 
$11,230,000. Similarly, if the silver price were to increase to US$25 per ounce and all other assumptions 
remained the same, the approximate derivative asset value would be negative $1,379,000, and could be 
classified as a derivative liability. The impacts of these swings in derivative asset value are recorded on 
the  Statement  of  Profit  and  Loss  through  Other  Income  (Expenses)  (see  note  15  in  the  consolidated 
financial statements for years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017). 

The following table summarizes the expected stand-alone impact on the embedded derivative asset value 
based on changes in model inputs: 

- 14 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dynamic Model Input Change 

Expected Impact on Embedded 
Derivative Asset Value 

Silver Price Increase 

Silver Price Volatility Increase  

Mill Silver Head Grade Increase 

Decrease 

Decrease 

Decrease 

Decrease in timeframe to reach production 

Increase 

Foreign Exchange: US dollar appreciates 
compared to CDN dollar  

Risk Free Yield Increase 

Increase 

Decrease 

Expected Silver Ounces Mined Increase 

Increase 

Management  expects  that  changes  in  the  fair  market  value  of  the  embedded  derivative  asset  prior  to 
mine production will largely be driven by the risk-free yield curve and silver price forward curve as well as 
proximity to production date. In a market where the price of silver is static, these changes are expected to 
be nominal relative to a production scenario, at which time management expects the variability of the fair 
value adjustments to increase significantly as silver ounces are mined and delivered to Wheaton. 

Share Data 

As at the date of this MD&A, the Corporation has 108,647,037 common shares issued and outstanding. 
In  addition,  there  are  outstanding  incentive  share  options  for  a  further  9,202,833  common  shares, 
restricted  share  units  that  can  be  settled  by  way  of  shares  issued  from  treasury  for  a  further  512,334 
common shares, and purchase warrants for a further 1,126,174 common shares. 

Use of Financial Instruments 

All  of  Alexco’s  cash  and  cash  equivalents  at  December  31,  2018  were  held  in  the  form  of  demand 
deposits.  Alexco’s  restricted  cash  and  deposits  were  held  in  the  form  of  term  deposits  and  demand 
deposits. Alexco’s other financial instruments were its trade and other accounts receivable, its accounts 
payable and accrued liabilities, and its investment in marketable securities. 

At  December  31,  2018,  a  total  of  $2,725,000  of  Alexco’s  restricted  cash  and  deposits  represents  cash 
collateral  posted  with  a  surety  company  to  underwrite  surety  bonds  for  security  in  respect  of  mine-site 
reclamation  at  certain  of  Alexco’s  mineral  properties.  The  balance  of  Alexco’s  restricted  cash  and 
deposits  represent  security  provided  in  respect  of  certain  long-term  operating  lease  commitments.  The 
term deposits held at December 31, 2018 as individual financial instruments carry initial maturity periods 
of one year or less. They have been classified as investments held to maturity and accordingly are carried 
at  amortized  cost  using  the  effective  interest  method.  All  term  deposits  held  are  high  grade,  low  risk 

- 15 - 

 
 
 
 
investments, generally yielding between 1% and 2% per annum, and their carrying amounts approximate 
their fair values given their short terms and low yields. 

The carrying amounts of Alexco’s trade and other accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued 
liabilities  are  estimated  to  reasonably  approximate  their  fair  values,  while  the  carrying  amount  of 
investments in marketable securities and embedded derivative are marked to fair value at each balance 
sheet date.  The fair values of all of Alexco’s financial instruments measured at December 31, 2018, other 
than  the  marketable  securities  that  are  included  in  investments,  constitute  Level  2  and  Level  3 
measurements  within  the  fair  value  hierarchy  defined  under  IFRS.  The  fair  value  of  the  investments  in 
marketable securities constitute as Level 1 measurements. 

Substantially  all  of  Alexco’s  cash,  demand  deposits  and  term  deposits  are  held  with  major  financial 
institutions  in  Canada.  With  respect  to  these  instruments,  management  believes  the  exposure  to  credit 
risk is insignificant due to the nature of the institutions with which they are held, and that the exposure to 
liquidity and interest rate risk is similarly insignificant given the low-risk-premium yields and the demand or 
short-maturity-period character of the deposits. 

Alexco’s accounts and other receivables at December 31, 2018 total $6,811,000, comprised primarily of 
AEG  trade  receivables  and  goods  and  services  tax  refunds  receivable  from  government.  Alexco’s 
maximum  credit  risk  exposure  in  respect  of  its  receivables  is  represented  by  their  carrying  amount. 
Management  actively  monitors  exposure  to  credit  risk  under  its  receivables,  particularly  AEG  trade 
receivables,  and  considers  the  risk  of  loss  to  be  significantly  mitigated  due  to  the  financial  strength  of 
AEG’s major customers which include government organizations as well as substantial corporate entities.  

Substantially all of Alexco’s property, plant and equipment and mineral properties are located in Canada; 
all  of  its  mining  operations  and mineral  exploration  occur  in Canada;  and a significant  portion  of  AEG’s 
revenues are earned in Canada. However, a significant portion of AEG’s revenues are in US dollars, and 
receivables arising therefrom are accordingly denominated in US dollars. Also, while a significant majority 
of the Corporation’s operating costs are denominated in Canadian dollars, it does have some exposure to 
costs, and therefore accounts payable and accrued liabilities, denominated in US dollars. 

The Corporation has not employed any hedging activities in respect of the prices for its payable metals or 
for its exposure to fluctuations in the value of the US dollar. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements 

Alexco has no off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by National Instrument 52-109. 

Related Party Transactions 

The Corporation’s related parties include its subsidiaries and key management personnel: 

- 16 - 

 
 
 
 Key Management Personnel Compensation 

(a) 

Key Management Personnel Compensation 

Three Months Ended 
December 31 
2017

2018

Year Ended  
December 31 
2017

2018 

Salaries and other short-term benefits 
Share-based compensation 

$          520 $          485  $       2,130  $       2,246 
2,072

2,513 

498

285

$         1,018 

$          770 

$       4,643 

$       4,318 

Key  management  includes  the  Corporation’s  Board  of  Directors  and  members  of  senior 
management. 

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments 

The  preparation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  requires  management  to  select  accounting 
policies  and  make  estimates  and  judgments  that  may  have  a  significant  impact  on  the  consolidated 
financial statements. Estimates are continuously evaluated and are based on management’s experience 
and  expectations  of  future  events  that  are  believed  to  be  reasonable  under  the  circumstances.      The 
estimates  management  makes  in  this  regard  include  those  regarding  future  commodity  prices  and 
foreign  currency  exchange  rates,  which  are  an  important  component  of  several  estimates  and 
assumptions management must make in preparing the financial statements, including but not limited to 
estimations and assumptions regarding the evaluation of the carrying amount of mineral properties and 
other  assets,  the  estimation  of  decommissioning  and  rehabilitation  provisions,  the  estimation  of 
revenues and the value of the embedded derivative related to sales of concentrate, and the estimation 
of the net realizable value of inventories. Management bases its estimates of future commodity prices 
and  foreign  currency  exchange  rates  primarily  on  consensus  investment  analyst  forecasts,  which  are 
tracked and updated as published on generally a quarterly basis. Actual outcomes can differ from these 
estimates.  

The  most  significant  judgments  and  estimates  made  by  management  in  preparing  the  Corporation’s 
financial statements are described as follows: 

  Mineral Resources 

The  determination  of  the  Corporation’s  estimated  mineral  resources  by  appropriately 
qualified persons requires significant judgements regarding the interpretation of complex 
geological  and  engineering  data  including  the  size,  depth,  shape  and  nature  of  the 
deposit and anticipated plans for mining, as well as estimates of future commodity prices, 
foreign  exchange  rates,  capital  requirements  and  production  costs.  These  mineral 
resource  estimates  are  used 
the 
Corporation’s financial statements, including evaluating the recoverability of the carrying 
amount of its non-current non-financial assets and estimating amounts of future taxable 
income in determining whether to record a deferred tax asset.  

in  many  determinations  required 

to  prepare 

- 17 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Impairment and Impairment Reversals of Non-Current Non-Financial Assets 

The Corporation reviews and evaluates the carrying value of each of its non-current non-
financial  assets  for  impairment  and  impairment  reversals  when  events  or  changes  in 
circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amounts  of  the  related  asset  may  not  be 
recoverable or previous impairment losses may become recoverable. The identification of 
such  events  or  changes  and  the  performance  of  the  assessment  requires  significant 
judgment.  Furthermore,  management’s  estimates  of  many  of  the  factors  relevant  to 
completing  this  assessment,  including  commodity  prices,  foreign  currency  exchange 
rates,  mineral  resources,  and  operating,  capital  and  reclamation  costs,  are  subject  to 
risks  and  estimation  uncertainties  that  may  further  affect  the  determination  of  the 
recoverability of the carrying amounts of its non-current non-financial assets. 

Management  has  assessed  indicators  of  impairment  and  impairment  reversals  on  the 
Corporation’s non-current non-financial assets and has concluded that no impairment or 
impairment reversal indicators exists as of December 31, 2018. 

  Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Provision 

Management’s  determination  of  the  Corporation’s  decommissioning  and  rehabilitation 
provision  is  based  on  the  reclamation  and  closure  activities  it  anticipates  as  being 
required,  the  additional  contingent  mitigation  measures  it  identifies  as  potentially  being 
required  and  its  assessment  of  the  likelihood  of  such  contingent  measures  being 
required,  and  its  estimate  of  the  probable  costs  and  timing  of  such  activities  and 
measures. Significant judgements must be made when determining such reclamation and 
closure activities and measures required and potentially required. 

  Mineral Properties - Silver Stream Arrangement 

Upon  entering  into  a  long-term  streaming  arrangement  linked  to  production  at 
operations,  Management’s  judgment  was  required  in  assessing  the  appropriate 
accounting  treatment  for  the  transaction  on  the  closing  date  and  in  future  periods.  We 
consider the specific terms of the arrangement to determine whether we have disposed 
of  an  interest  in  the  reserves  and  resources  of  the  operation  or  executed  some  other 
form of arrangement. This assessment considers what the counterparty is entitled to and 
the  associated  risks  and  rewards  attributable  to  them  over  the  life  of  the  operation. 
These  include  the  contractual  terms  related  to  the  total  production  over  the  life  of  the 
arrangement  as  compared  to  the  expected  production  over  the  life  of  the  mine,  the 
percentage being sold, the percentage of payable metals produced, the commodity price 
referred to in the ongoing payment and any guarantee relating to the upfront payment if 
production ceases. 

- 18 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  Fair value of derivatives 

The  fair  values  of  financial  instruments  that  are  not  traded  in  an  active  market  are 
determined  using  valuation  techniques.  Management  uses  its  judgment  to  select  a 
method  of  valuation  and  makes  estimates  of  specific  model  inputs  that  are  based  on 
conditions existing at the end of each reporting period. Refer to Note 15 for further details 
on  the  methods  and  assumptions  associated  with  the  measurement  of  the  embedded 
derivative  within  the  Silver  Streaming  Interest.  Management  has  applied  judgement  in 
concluding that the completion test as discussed in Note 15 will be met prior to December 
31, 2020 or extended to a later date, therefore the capacity related refund is not likely to 
be owed to Wheaton Precious Metals Corp. 

Changes In and Initial Adoption of Accounting Standards and Policies 

The Corporation has adopted the new IFRS pronouncements listed below as at January 1, 2018, 
in accordance with the transitional provisions outlined in the respective standards and described 
below.  In  light  of  the  changes  to  the  revenue  standard  to  IFRS  15,  management  has  changed 
their treatment under IFRS 6 for the partial distribution of the mineral interest. 

a)  Adjustments to Consolidated Financial Statements 

The table below summarizes the adjustments to previously reported figures related to the policy 
change from IFRS 6: 

Adjustments to Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets 

Equity before accounting changes  
   Adjustments to equity relating to: 
       Property plant and equipment 
       Mineral properties 
       Deferred income tax liabilities 
       Silver streaming interest 

December 31 
2017 

January 1 
2017 

$          100,060 

$           90,673 

2,117 
(10,229) 
2,390 
18,118 

2,283 
(10,229) 
1,440 
18,118 

  Equity after accounting changes 

$          112,456 

$         102,285 

- 19 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustments to Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss and Comprehensive Loss  

Loss before accounting changes  
   Adjustments to loss relating to: 
       Depreciation and amortization 

Year ended 
December 31 
2017 

Year ended 
January 1 
2017 

$          (7,648) 

$          (4,359) 

(165) 

(165) 

  Loss after accounting changes 

$          (7,813) 

$         ( 4,524) 

Loss per share before accounting changes: 
  Basic and diluted 
Loss per share after accounting changes: 
  Basic and diluted 

$            (0.08) 

$            (0.04) 

$            (0.09) 

$            (0.05) 

The  Corporation  has  assessed  the  impact  of  IFRS  15  on  its  silver  streaming  arrangement  with 
Wheaton. At  the  date  the  transaction  was  completed,  the  Corporation  determined  that  the 
contract is a sale of a mineral interest and a related contract to provide extraction services. At the 
time of the arrangement, the related property was E&E and thus we have retrospectively applied 
a different policy under IFRS 6 to the receipt of that deposit at that point in time, in order to avoid 
any complications under IFRS 15. Under its existing policy, the Corporation applies the provisions 
of IFRS 6, which allows for an accounting policy choice to either apply the proceeds received as a 
credit  to  the  carrying  value  of  the  exploration  and  evaluation  (“E&E”)  asset,  or  account  for  the 
transaction as a partial sale, with deferral of the gain, to be recognized on a units-of-production 
sold  basis.  Upon  the  effective  date  of  IFRS  15,  the  Corporation  will  continue  to  apply  the 
accounting for the Wheaton arrangement under IFRS 6 but has elected to change the policy to apply 
the proceeds received as a credit to the carrying value of the E&E asset.  Management believes 
this approach to be more relevant and reliable. 

Specifically,  the  USD  $50,000,000  initial  deposit  recorded  as  consideration was  applied  against 
the carrying value of the mineral interest, with a gain being recognized to the extent that the value 
of the consideration exceeds the value of the mineral interest. 

Overview of Changes to IFRS 

The  Corporation  adopted  IFRS  15  on  January  1,  2018  in  accordance  with  the  transitional 
provisions  of  the  standard,  applying  a  modified  retrospective  approach  in  restating  our  prior 
period financial information. 

IFRS  15,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  deals  with  revenue  recognition  and 
establishes  principles  for  reporting  useful  information  to  users  of  financial  statements  about  the 
nature,  amount,  timing  and  uncertainty  of  revenue  and  cash  flows  arising  from  an  entity’s 
contracts with customers. Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of a good or 
service and thus has the ability to direct the use and obtain the benefits from the good or service. 
The  standard  replaces  IAS  18,  Revenue  and  IAS  11,  Construction  contracts  and  related 
interpretations.  Management’s  primary  focus  was  evaluating  contracts  under  its  Environmental 
Services  business,  as  this  is  currently  the  Corporation’s  primary  source  of  revenue.    Based  on 
this analysis, the Corporation does not have significant changes to the timing and amount of its 
revenue  recognition  related  to  environmental  services  under  IFRS  15,  as  the  majority  of  its 
contracts contain a series of same or similar performance obligations. Consequently, consistent 

- 20 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
with  the  Corporation’s  existing  policy,  revenue  is  recognized  “over  time”,  as  the  services  are 
provided. 

IFRS  9,  Financial  Instruments,  addresses  the  classification,  measurement  and  recognition  of 
financial assets and financial liabilities. It replaces the guidance in IAS 39, Financial Instruments: 
Recognition  and  Measurement  that  relate  to  the  classification  and  measurement  of  financial 
instruments.  IFRS  9  retains  but  simplifies  the mixed  measurement  model  and  establishes  three 
primary  measurement  categories  for  financial  assets:  amortized  cost,  fair  value  through  other 
comprehensive  income  (“OCI”)  and  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  (“FVTPL”).  The  basis  of 
classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing its financial instruments and 
the  contractual  cash  flow  characteristics  of  the  instrument.  For  financial  liabilities,  the  standard 
retains most of the IAS 39 requirements. The main change for liabilities is that, in cases where the 
fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change due to an entity’s 
own  credit  risk  is  recorded  in  OCI  rather  than  in  net  earnings.  The  Corporation  has  made  the 
irrevocable  classification  choice  to  record  fair  value  changes  on  its  equity  investments  in  OCI 
(See  Note  4  of  the  2018  annual  financial  statements).  This  election  resulted  in  a  nil 
reclassification from the Corporation’s retained earnings to accumulated OCI, on January 1, 2018. 

Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables. While the Corporation is 
exposed to credit losses due to the non-performance of its counterparties, there are no significant 
concentrations of credit risk and the Corporation does not consider this to be a material risk. The 
Corporations customers with whom the current business operations are with include government 
bodies and reputable businesses. 

The  Corporation  has  reviewed  its  expected  credit  losses  on  its  trade  receivables  carried  at  fair 
value  through  other  comprehensive  income  (“FVOCI”)  on  transition  to  IFRS  9.  The  Corporation 
has  also  implemented  a  process  for  managing  provisions  related  to  trade  receivables  going 
forward under IFRS 9.  For its trade receivables, the Corporation applies the simplified approach 
for  determining  expected  credit  losses,  which  require  the  Corporation  to  determine  the  lifetime, 
expected  losses  for  all  its  trade  receivables.  The  expected  lifetime  credit  loss  provision  for  its 
trade  receivables  is  based  on  historical  counterparty  default  rates  and  adjusted  for  relevant 
forward  looking  information,  when  required.  As  the  majority  of  its  customers  are  considered  to 
have low default risk and the Corporation does not extend credit to customers with a high default 
risk, the historical default rates are low and the lifetime expected credit loss allowance for trade 
receivables  is  nominal  as  at  January  1,  2018  and  December  31,  2018.    Accordingly,  the 
Corporation did  not  record  any  adjustment  relating  to  the  implementation  of the  expected  credit 
loss model for its trade receivables. 

The  Corporation  has  assessed  the  classification  and  measurement  of  its  financial  assets  and 
financial  liabilities  under  IFRS  9  and  have  summarized  the  original  measurement  categories 
under IAS 39 and the new measurement categories under IFRS 9 in the following table: 

Original classification
 IAS 39 

New classification 
 IFRS 9 

Financial Assets 

Cash and cash equivalents  Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
Short-term deposits 
Available-for-sale 
Equity securities 
FVTPL 
Warrants 
Amortized cost 
Trade accounts receivable 
Amortized cost 
Other receivables 
FVTPL 
Derivative assets 

Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
FVTOCI 
FVTPL 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
FVTPL 

- 21 - 

 
 
 
  
Restricted cash 

Amortized cost 

Amortized cost 

Financial Liabilities 

Trade and other payables 
Derivative liabilities 

Amortized cost 
FVTPL 

Amortized cost 
FVTPL 

New accounting standard not yet effective 

A new standard has been issued and is relevant  to the Corporation but is not yet effective  and 
therefore not reflected in these consolidated financial statements: 

IFRS  16  relates  to  accounting  for  leases  and  lease  obligations.    It  replaces  the  existing  lease 
guidance  in  IAS  17,  Leases.    The  purpose  of  the  new  standard  is  to  report  all  leases  on  the 
statement  of  financial  position  and  to  define  how  leases  and  lease  obligations  are  measured. 
IFRS 16 is effective from January 1, 2019 and must be applied retrospectively, subject to certain 
practical  expedients,  using  either  a  full  retrospective  approach  or  modified  retrospective 
approach. 

The Corporation is currently involved in various lease obligations as part of its normal course of 
business. IFRS 16 applies a control model to the identification of leases, distinguishing between a 
lease  and  a  service  contract  on  the  basis  of  whether  the  customer  controls  the  asset  being 
leased.  For  those  assets  determined  to  meet  the  definition  of  a  lease,  IFRS  16  introduces 
significant changes to the accounting by lessees.  All leases will be recorded on the statement of 
financial position, except short-term leases and low-value leases.  This is expected to result in a 
material increase in both rights of use assets and lease liabilities upon adoption of the standard, 
and changes to the timing of recognition and classification of expenses associated to such lease 
arrangements. The Corporation anticipates an increase in cash flow from operating activities as 
lease  payments  will  be  recorded  as  financing  outflows  in  the  statement  of  cash  flows.  The 
Corporation also anticipates an increase in depreciation and finance expenses and a decrease in 
operating expenses.   

The Corporation plans to adopt the modified retrospective approach and not restate balances for 
the  comparative  period.  On  initial  adoption,  the  Corporation  has  elected  to  use  the  following 
practical expedients permitted under the standard: 

  Apply a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics; 
  Account for leases with a remaining term of less than twelve (12) months as at January 1, 

2019 as short-term leases; and 

  Account  for  lease  payments  as  an  expense  and  not  recognize  a  right-of-use  (“ROU”) 

asset if the underlying asset is of low dollar value. 

On adoption of IFRS 16, the Corporation will recognize lease liabilities in relation to leases under 
the  principles  of  the  new  standard  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  remaining  lease 
payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or the Corporation’s incremental 
borrowing  rate  as  at  January  1,  2019.  The  associated  ROU  assets  will  be  measured  at  the 
amount equal to the lease liability on January 1, 2019.  The Corporation has completed its review 
of  all  existing  operating  leases  and  service  contracts  to  identify  contracts  in  scope  for  IFRS  16 
and assessed contracts for embedded leases.  Adoption of the new standard is expected to result 
in  the  recognition  of  additional  lease  liabilities  and  ROU  assets  of  approximately  $1,000,000 
each. 

- 22 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There  are  no  other  IFRS’s  or  International  Financial  Reporting  Interpretations  Committee 
(“IFRIC”) interpretations that are not yet effective that are expected to have a material impact on 
the Corporation. 

Non-GAAP Measures  

The  Corporation  presents  non-GAAP  measures,  which  are  not  defined  in  IFRS.  A  description  and 
calculation  of  the  measure  is  given  below  and  may  differ  from  similarly  named  measures  provided  by 
other issuers. We disclose this measure because we believe it assists readers in understanding Alexco’s 
financial  position.  This  measure  should  not  be  considered  in  isolation  or  used  in  substitute  for  other 
measures prepared in accordance with IFRS. 

Net Working Capital 

Consolidated  net  working  capital  comprises  those  components  of  current  assets  and  liabilities  which 
support and results from the Corporation’s ongoing running of its current operations. It is provided to give 
a  quantifiable  indication  of  the  Corporation’s  short-term  cash  generation  ability  and  business  efficiency. 
As  a  measure  linked  to  current  operations  and  sustainability  of  the  business,  net  working  capital 
excludes: deferred revenue and flow-through share premium pending renunciation. 

Internal Control Over Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Financial Reporting  

Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

Alexco’s  management,  with  the  participation  of  its  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer, 
have  evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  Corporation’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures.  Based  upon 
the  results  of  that  evaluation,  the  Alexco’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  have 
concluded that, as of the date of this MD&A, Alexco’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective 
to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by Alexco in reports it files 
under  applicable  securities  legislation  is  recorded,  processed,  summarized  and  reported  within  the 
appropriate time periods and forms specified in those rules and include controls and procedures designed 
to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Alexco in reports it files under applicable securities 
legislation  is  accumulated  and  communicated  to  Alexco’s  management,  including  its  Chief  Executive 
Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. 

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

The management of Alexco is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over 
financial  reporting.  Internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  by,  or  under  the 
supervision of,  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  the Chief  Financial  Officer  and effected by  the  Board  of 
Directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with 
the accounting principles under which the Alexco’s financial statements are prepared.  It includes those 
policies and procedures that: 

(i) 

(ii) 

pertain  to  the  maintenance  of  records  that  accurately  and  fairly  reflect,  in  reasonable 
detail, the transactions related to and dispositions of Alexco’s assets; 

provide  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit 
preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 

- 23 - 

 
 
 
 
Standards, and that Alexco receipts and expenditures are made only in accordance with 
authorizations of management and Alexco’s directors; and 

(iii) 

provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized 
acquisition,  use  or  disposition  of  Alexco  assets  that  could  have  a  material  effect  on 
Alexco’s financial statements. 

Due  to  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect 
misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial 
reporting  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that  the  controls  may  become  inadequate  because  of 
changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

Management  assessed  the  effectiveness  of  Alexco’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  at 
December  31,  2018,  based  on  the  criteria  set  forth  in  Internal  Control  –  Integrated  Framework  (2013) 
issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission.    Based  on  this 
assessment,  management  has  concluded  that  Alexco’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was 
effective as at December 31, 2018. 

The effectiveness of Alexco’s internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2018 has been 
audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Alexco’s independent registered public accounting firm. 

There has been no change in Alexco’s internal control over financial reporting during Alexco’s fiscal year 
ended  December  31,  2018  that  has  materially  affected,  or  is  reasonably  likely  to  materially  affect, 
Alexco’s internal control over financial reporting. 

Risk Factors 

The  following  are  major  risk  factors  management  has  identified  which  relate  to  Alexco’s  business 
activities. Such risk factors, as well as risks not currently known to the Corporation or that the Corporation 
currently  deems  to  be  immaterial,    could  materially  affect  the  Corporation's  future  business,  financial 
condition, results of operations, earnings and prospects, and could cause events to differ materially from 
those described in forward-looking statements relating to the Corporation. Though the following are major 
risk factors identified by management, they do not comprise a definitive list of all risk factors related to the 
Corporation's  business  and  operations.  Readers  are  encouraged  to  review  other  specific  risk  factors 
which  are  discussed  elsewhere  in  this  MD&A,  as  well  as  in  the  Corporation’s  consolidated  financial 
statements  (under  the  headings  “Description  of  Business  and  Nature  of  Operations”,  “Significant 
Accounting  Policies”  and  “Financial  Instruments”  and  elsewhere  within  that  document)  and  in  Alexco’s 
Annual Information Form for the year ended December 31, 2018.  

Negative Cash Flow From Operating Activities 

The  Corporation  has  not  yet  consistently  achieved  positive  operating  cash  flow,  and  there  are  no 
assurances that the Corporation will not experience negative cash flow from operations in the future.  The 
Corporation  has  incurred  net  losses  in  the  past  and  may  incur  losses  in  the  future  and  will  continue  to 
incur losses until and unless it can derive sufficient revenues from its mineral projects.  Such future losses 
could have an adverse effect on the market price of the Corporation's common shares, which could cause 
investors to lose part or all of their investment. 

Forward-Looking Statements May Prove Inaccurate 

Readers  are  cautioned  not  to  place  undue  reliance  on  forward-looking  statements.    By  their  nature, 
forward-looking statements involve numerous assumptions, known and unknown risks and uncertainties, 
of  both  a  general  and  specific  nature,  that  could  cause  actual  results  to  differ  materially  from  those 

- 24 - 

 
 
 
suggested by the forward-looking statements.  See "Preliminary Notes – Cautionary Statement Regarding 
Forward-Looking Statements". 

Dilution 

The Corporation expects to require additional funds to finance its growth and development strategy. If the 
Corporation  elects  to  raise  additional  funds  by  issuing  additional  equity  securities,  such  financing  may 
substantially  dilute  the  interests  of  the  Corporation's  shareholders.    The  Corporation  may  also  issue 
additional  securities  in  the  future  pursuant  to  existing  and  new  agreements  in  respect  of  its  projects  or 
other acquisitions and pursuant to existing securities of the Corporation.  

Exploration, Evaluation and Development 

Mineral exploration, evaluation and development involves a high degree of risk and few properties which 
are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. With respect to Alexco’s properties, should 
any mineral resources exist, substantial expenditures will be required to confirm mineral reserves which 
are  sufficient  to  commercially  mine,  and  to  obtain  the  required  environmental  approvals  and  permitting 
required  to  commence  commercial  operations.  Should  any  mineral  resource  be  defined  on  such 
properties there can be no assurance that the mineral resource on such properties can be commercially 
mined  or  that  the  metallurgical  processing  will  produce  economically  viable  and  saleable  products.  The 
decision  as  to  whether  a  property  contains  a  commercial  mineral  deposit  and  should  be  brought  into 
production  will  depend  upon  the  results  of  exploration  programs  and/or  technical  studies,  and  the 
recommendations of duly qualified engineers and/or geologists, all of which involves significant expense. 
This  decision  will  involve  consideration  and  evaluation  of  several  significant  factors  including,  but  not 
limited  to:  (1)  costs  of  bringing  a  property  into  production,  including  exploration  and  development  work, 
preparation  of  appropriate  technical  studies  and  construction  of  production  facilities;  (2)  availability  and 
costs of financing; (3) ongoing costs of production; (4) market prices for the minerals to be produced; (5) 
environmental  compliance  regulations  and  restraints  (including  potential  environmental  liabilities 
associated  with  historical  exploration  activities);  and  (6)  political  climate  and/or  governmental  regulation 
and control. 

The ability of Alexco to sell, and profit from the sale of any eventual production from any of the Alexco’s 
properties  will  be  subject  to  the  prevailing  conditions  in  the  marketplace  at  the  time  of  sale.    Many  of 
these factors are beyond the control of Alexco and therefore represent a market risk which could impact 
the long term viability of Alexco and its operations. 

Infrastructure  

Mining,  processing,  development  and  exploration  activities  depend,  to  one  degree  or  another,  on 
adequate  infrastructure.  Reliable  roads,  bridges,  power  sources  and  water  supply  are  important 
determinants, which affect capital and operating costs. The lack of availability on acceptable terms or the 
delay  in  the  availability  of  any  one  or  more  of  these  items  could  prevent  or  delay  exploitation  and  or 
development of the Corporation’s properties. If adequate infrastructure is not available in a timely manner, 
there can be no assurance that the exploitation and or development of the Corporation’s properties will be 
commenced  or  completed  on  a  timely  basis,  if  at  all;  that  the  resulting  operations  will  achieve  the 
anticipated production volume; or that the construction costs and ongoing operating costs associated with 
the exploitation and or development of the Corporation’s properties will not be higher than anticipated. In 
addition,  unusual  or  infrequent  weather  phenomena,  sabotage,  government  or  other  interference  in  the 
maintenance or  provision of  such  infrastructure  could  adversely affect  the  Corporation’s  operations and 
profitability.  

- 25 - 

 
 
 
Figures  for  the  Alexco’s  Resources  are  Estimates  Based  on  Interpretation  and  Assumptions  and  May 
Yield Less Mineral Production Under Actual Conditions than is Currently Estimated 

In making determinations about whether to advance any of its projects to development, the Corporation 
must  rely  upon  estimated  calculations  as  to  the  mineral  resources  and  grades  of  mineralization  on  its 
properties.  Until  ore  is  actually  mined  and  processed,  mineral  resources  and  grades  of  mineralization 
must  be  considered  as  estimates  only.  The  determination  of  the  Corporation’s  estimated  mineral 
resources by appropriately qualified persons requires significant judgements regarding the interpretation 
of  complex  geological  and  engineering  data  including  the  size,  depth,  shape  and  nature  of  the  deposit 
and anticipated plans for mining, as well as estimates of future commodity prices, foreign exchange rates, 
capital  requirements  and  production  costs.  These  geological  interpretations  and  statistical  inferences 
used to develop the mineral resource estimates are imprecise and are drawn from drilling and sampling 
which may prove to be unreliable.  Alexco cannot be certain that: 

reserve, resource or other mineralization estimates will be accurate; or 

 
  mineralization can be mined or processed profitably. 

Any material changes in mineral resource estimates and grades of mineralization will affect the economic 
viability  of  placing  a  property  into  production  and  a  property’s  return  on  capital.    Alexco's  resource 
estimates  have  been  determined  and  valued  based  on  assumed  future  prices,  cut-off  grades  and 
operating costs that may prove to be inaccurate.  Extended declines in market prices for silver, gold, lead, 
zinc  and  other  commodities  may  render  portions  of  Alexco’s  mineralization  uneconomic  and  result  in 
reduced reported mineral resources. 

Amendments to Silver Purchase Agreement with Wheaton 

The March 29, 2017 Amended SPA with Wheaton, requires that to satisfy the completion test under the 
Amended SPA, the Corporation will need to recommence operations on the KHSD Property and operate 
the  mine and  mill  at  400  tonnes  per day  on  or  before  December 31,  2020.  If  the  completion  test  is  not 
satisfied  by  December  31,  2020,  the  outcome  could  materially  adversely  affect  the  Corporation  as  it 
would be required to pay a capacity related refund to Wheaton in the maximum amount of US$8,788,000, 
which  can  be  further  reduced  by  mill  throughput  exceeding  322  tonnes  per  day  prior  to  December  31, 
2020. The Corporation would need to raise additional capital to finance the capacity related refund and 
there is no guarantee that the Corporation will be able to raise such additional capital. In the event that 
the  Corporation  cannot  raise  such  additional  capital, the  Corporation  will  default  under  the  terms  of  the 
Amended SPA. The valuation model for the embedded derivative asset related to the SPA with Wheaton 
is  based  on  a  number  of  assumptions.  The  value  of  the  derivative  asset  as  at  December  31,  2018  is 
$9,671,000.  If,  for  example,  the  silver  price  were  to  increase  to  US$25.00  per  ounce,  and  all  other 
assumptions remained the same, the approximate derivative asset value would be negative $1,379,000 
and could be classified as a derivative liability. 

Keno Hill Silver District 

While  Alexco  has  conducted  exploration  activities  in  the  KHSD,  further  review  of  historical  records  and 
additional  exploration  and  geological  testing  will  be  required  to  determine  whether  any  of  the  mineral 
deposits  it  contains  are  economically  recoverable.  There  is  no  assurance  that  such  exploration  and 
testing  will  result  in  favourable  results.  The  history  of  the  Keno  Hill  District  has  been  one  of  fluctuating 
fortunes, with new technologies and concepts reviving the District numerous times from probable closure 
until 1989, when it did ultimately close down for a variety of economic and technical reasons. Many or all 
of  these  economic  and  technical  issues  will  need  to  be  addressed  prior  to  the  commencement  of  any 
future production on the Keno Hill properties. 

- 26 - 

 
 
 
 
 
Mining Operations 

The business of exploration for minerals and mining involves a high degree of risk. Few properties that 
are  explored  are  ultimately  developed  into  mineral  deposits  with  significant  value.  Decisions  by  the 
Corporation to proceed with the construction and development of mines, including Bellekeno, are based 
on development plans which include estimates for metal production and capital and operating costs. Until 
completely  mined  and  processed,  no  assurance  can  be  given  that  such  estimates  will  be  achieved.  
Failure to achieve such production and capital and operating cost estimates or material increases in costs 
could  have  an  adverse  impact  on  the  Corporation’s  future  cash  flows,  profitability,  results  of  operations 
and  financial  condition.  The  Corporation’s  actual  production  and  capital  and  operating  costs  may  vary 
from  estimates  for  a  variety  of  reasons,  including:    actual  resources  mined  varying  from  estimates  of 
grade, tonnage, dilution and metallurgical and other characteristics; short-term operating factors, such as 
the need for sequential development of resource bodies and the processing of new or different resource 
grades; revisions to mine plans; risks and hazards associated with mining; natural phenomena, such as 
inclement  weather  conditions,  water  availability,  floods,  fire,  rock  falls  and  earthquakes,  unusual  or 
unexpected ground conditions, geological formation pressures, equipment failure and failure of retaining 
dams  around  tailings  disposal  areas  which  may  result  in,  among  other  adverse  effects,  environmental 
pollution and consequent liability; and unexpected labour shortages or strikes. Costs of production may 
also be affected by a variety of factors, including changing waste ratios, metallurgical recoveries, labour 
costs, commodity costs, general inflationary pressures and currency rates.  In addition, the risks arising 
from these factors are further increased while any such mine is progressing through the ramp-up phase of 
its  operations  and  has  not  yet  established  a  consistent  production  track  record.    No  assurance  can  be 
given that minerals will be discovered in sufficient quantities to justify commercial operations or that funds 
required for development can be obtained on a timely basis. 

Furthermore,  mining  operations  at  the  Bellekeno  mine  project  were  suspended  as  of  early  September 
2013 as a result of sharp and significant declines in precious metals prices during the second quarter of 
2013.  Re-start  of  mining  operations  is  dependent  on  a  number  of  factors,  including  sustained 
improvements in silver markets, the effectiveness of cost structure reduction measures, the maintenance 
of  current  metal  prices  and  the  fluctuation  of  foreign  exchange  rates  and  the  uncertainties  around  the 
results  of  these  factors  are  significant.  A  re-start  of  underground  production  operations  will  require 
additional  capital  investment  in  excess  of  the  capital  resources  currently  on  hand.  There  can  be  no 
assurance of a re-start of mining operations or continued access to financing in the future, and an inability 
to  generate  or  secure  such  funding  may  require  the  Corporation  to  substantially  curtail  and/or  defer  its 
planned exploration and development activities. 

Employee Recruitment and Retention 

Recruitment and retention of skilled and experienced employees is a challenge facing the mining sector 
as a whole.  During the late 1990s and early 2000s, with unprecedented growth in the technology sector 
and an extended cyclical downturn in the mining sector, the number of new workers entering the mining 
sector  was  depressed  and  significant  number  of  existing  workers  departed,  leading  to  a  so-called 
“generational gap” within the industry.  Since the mid-2000s, this factor was exacerbated by competitive 
pressures as the mining sector experienced an extended cyclical upturn. Any re-start of mining operations 
will  necessitate  the  re-hiring  of  mine  and  mill  personnel.  It  may  be  difficult  for  Alexco  to  find  and  hire 
qualified  people  in  the  mining  industry  who  are  situated  in  the  Yukon,  or  to  obtain  all  of  the  necessary 
services  or  expertise  in  Yukon  or  to  conduct  operations  on  Alexco’s  projects  at  reasonable  rates.  If 
qualified  people  and services  or  expertise  cannot  be  obtained  in  the  Yukon, we  may  need  to  seek  and 
obtain  those  services  from  people  located  outside  of  this  area,  which  may  require  work  permits  and 
compliance with applicable laws and could result in delays and higher costs. 

- 27 - 

 
 
 
 
 
Dependence on Management  

The success of the operations and activities of the Corporation is dependent to a significant extent on the 
efforts and abilities of its management team. The Corporation does not maintain key employee insurance 
on any of its employees. The Corporation depends on key personnel and cannot provide assurance that it 
will be able to retain such personnel. Failure to retain such key personnel could have a material adverse 
effect on the Corporation’s business and financial condition. 

Permitting and Environmental Risks and Other Regulatory Requirements 

The current or future operations of the Corporation, including development activities, commencement of 
production  on  its  properties  and  activities  associated  with  the  Corporation's  mine  reclamation  and 
remediation  business,  require  permits,  approvals,  authorizations,  or  licenses  from  various  federal, 
territorial  and  other  governmental  authorities,  and  such  operations  are  and  will  be  governed  by  laws, 
regulations  and  agreements  governing  prospecting,  development,  mining,  production,  taxes,  labour 
standards,  occupational  health,  waste  disposal,  toxic  substances,  land  use,  environmental  protection, 
mine  safety  and  other  matters.    Companies  engaged  in  the  development  and  operation  of  mines  and 
related facilities and in mine reclamation and remediation activities generally experience increased costs 
and delays as a result of the need to comply with the applicable laws, regulations and permits.  There can 
be  no  assurance  that  all  permits,  permit  modifications,  approvals,  authorizations,  licenses,  and  license 
modifications  which  the  Corporation  may  require  for  the  conduct  of  its  operations  will  be  obtainable  on 
reasonable  terms  or  that  such  laws  and  regulations  would  not  have  an  adverse  effect  on  any  project 
which the Corporation might undertake. Specifically, the Corporation requires an amendment to its Quartz 
Mining  License  and  a  renewal  of  its  Water  Use  License  in  order  for  it  to  be  fully  permitted  for  the  ore 
production and processing from the Bermingham deposit and the Flame & Moth, Lucky Queen, Bellekeno 
and  Onek  deposits.  Additionally,  subsequent  to  completion  of  the  environment  assessment  of  the 
Corporation’s  Existing  State  of  Mine  Reclamation  Plan  at  Keno  Hill  by  the  Yukon  Environmental  and 
Social-Economic Assessment Board, the Corporation will need an amendment to its WUL by the Yukon 
Water Board to authorize the activities necessary to effect closure of the site. There can be no guarantee 
that the Corporation will receive the amendments and the renewal. Additionally, delays in receiving any 
requisite  license  amendments  and  renewals  could  adversely  affect  the  Corporation’s  profitability.  The 
Corporation  had  originally  expected  to  receive  the  requisite  amendments  and  renewal  by  Q1  2019. 
However subsequent delays in the permitting process have extended the time expected for award of the 
final licenses to the third quarter of 2019.  

Any  failure  by  the  Corporation  to  comply  with  applicable  laws,  regulations  and  permitting  requirements 
may  result  in  enforcement  actions  including  orders  issued  by  regulatory  or  judicial  authorities  causing 
operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, 
installation of additional equipment or remedial actions against the Corporation. The Corporation may be 
required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of the Corporation’s mining operations 
or mine reclamation and remediation activities and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed 
upon it for violation of applicable laws or regulations. 

Amendments  to  current  laws,  regulations  and  permits  governing  operations  and  activities  of  mining 
companies and mine reclamation and remediation activities could have a material adverse impact on the 
Corporation.  As  well,  policy  changes  and  political  pressures  within  and  on  federal,  territorial  and  First 
Nation  governments  having  jurisdiction  over  or  dealings  with  Alexco  could  change  the  implementation 
and  interpretation  of  such  laws,  regulations  and  permits,  also  having  a  material  adverse  impact  on 
Alexco. Such impacts could result in one or more of increases in capital expenditures or production costs, 
reductions in levels of production at producing properties or abandonment or delays in the development 
of new mining properties. 

- 28 - 

 
 
 
Surety Bonding Risks 

Alexco  secures  its  obligations  for  reclamation  and  closure  costs  with  surety  bonds  provided  by  leading 
global insurance companies in favour of regulatory authorities in the Yukon. These surety bonds include 
the right of the surety bond provider to terminate the relationship with Alexco on providing notice of up to 
90  days.  The  surety  bond  provider  would,  however,  remain  liable  to  the  regulatory  authorities  for  all 
bonded  obligations  existing  prior  to  the  termination  of  the  bond  in  the  event  Alexco  failed  to  deliver 
alternative  security  satisfactory  to  the  regulator.  Alexco  may  require  substantial  additional  capital  to 
accomplish  its  exploration  and  development  plans  and  fund  strategic  growth  and  there  can  be  no 
assurance  that  financing  will  be  available  on  terms  acceptable  to  Alexco,  or  at  all.  Alexco  may  require 
substantial  additional  financing  to  advance  the  Keno  Hill  Silver  District  to  production.  These  financing 
requirements could adversely affect Alexco’s ability to access the capital markets in the future. Failure to 
obtain sufficient financing, or financing on terms acceptable to Alexco, may result in a delay or indefinite 
postponement of exploration, development or production at its properties. Additional financing may not be 
available when needed and the terms of any agreement could impose restrictions on the operation of our 
business. Failure to raise financing when needed could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition, results of operations and prospects. 

Environmental Services 

A  material  decline  in  the  level  of  activity  or  reduction  in  industry  willingness  to  spend  capital  on  mine 
reclamation,  remediation  or  environmental  services  could  adversely  affect  demand 
for  AEG's 
environmental  services.  Likewise,  a  material  change  in  mining  product  commodity  prices,  the  ability  of 
mining  companies  to  raise  capital  or  changes  in  domestic  or  international  political,  regulatory  and 
economic conditions could adversely affect demand for AEG's services. 

Three  of  AEG’s  customers  accounted  for  24.0%,  20.2%  and  19.0%,  respectively,  of  environmental 
services revenues in the 2018 fiscal year.  The loss of, or a significant reduction in the volume of business 
conducted  with,  either  of  these  customers  could  have  a  significant  detrimental  effect  on  AEG 
environmental services business and the Corporation. 

The patents which Alexco owns or has access to or other proprietary technology may not prevent AEG's 
competitors  from  developing  substantially  similar  technology,  which  may  reduce  AEG's  competitive 
advantage.  Similarly, the loss of access to any of such patents or other proprietary technology or claims 
from third parties that such patents or other proprietary technology infringe upon proprietary rights which 
they  may  claim  or  hold  would  be  detrimental  to  AEG's  reclamation  and  remediation  business  and  a 
material adverse impact on the Corporation. 

AEG may not be able to keep pace with continual and rapid technological developments that characterize 
the market for AEG's environmental services, and AEG’s failure to do so may result in a loss of its market 
share.  Similarly, changes in existing regulations relating to mine reclamation and remediation activities 
could require AEG to change the way it conducts its business. 

AEG  is  dependent  on  the  professional  skill  sets  of  its  employees,  some  of  whom  would  be  difficult  to 
replace.  The loss of any such employees could significantly affect AEG’s ability to service existing clients, 
its profitability and its ability to grow its business. 

Potential Profitability of Mineral Properties Depends Upon Factors Beyond the Control of Alexco 

The potential profitability of mineral properties is dependent upon many factors beyond the Corporation’s 
control.  For instance, world prices of and markets for gold, silver, lead and zinc are unpredictable, highly 
volatile,  potentially  subject  to  governmental  fixing,  pegging  and/or  controls  and  respond  to  changes  in 
domestic,  international,  political,  social  and  economic  environments  –  including  international  trade 
restrictions. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the prices of silver, lead and zinc have steadily 

- 29 - 

 
 
 
 
declined.  Another  factor  is  that  rates  of  recovery  may  vary  from  the  rate  experienced  in  tests  and  a 
reduction  in  the  recovery  rate  will  adversely  affect  profitability  and,  possibly,  the  economic  viability  of  a 
property.  Profitability  also  depends  on  the  costs  of  operations,  including  costs  of  labour,  materials, 
equipment,  electricity,  environmental  compliance  or  other  production  inputs.  Such  costs  will  fluctuate  in 
ways the Corporation cannot predict and are beyond the Corporation’s control, and such fluctuations will 
impact  on  profitability  and  may  eliminate  profitability  altogether.  Mine  site  care  and  maintenance  costs 
during  2018  totaled  $2,603,000  compared  with  $1,888,000  for  2017.  The  increase  in  costs  was  mainly 
due to site-based expenditures and mill maintenance and refurbishment initiatives in 2018. Additionally, 
due to worldwide economic uncertainty, the availability and cost of funds for development and other costs 
have become increasingly difficult, if not impossible, to project. These changes and events may materially 
affect the financial performance of the Corporation.  

First Nation Rights and Title 

The  nature  and  extent  of  First  Nation  rights  and  title  remains  the  subject  of  active  debate,  claims  and 
litigation  in  Canada,  including  in  the  Yukon  and  including  with  respect  to  intergovernmental  relations 
between  First  Nation  authorities  and  federal,  provincial  and  territorial  authorities.  There  can  be  no 
guarantee that such claims will not cause permitting delays, unexpected interruptions or additional costs 
for  Alexco’s  projects.  These  risks  may  have  increased  after  the  Supreme  Court  of  Canada  decision  of 
June 26, 2014 in Tsilhqot'in Nation v. British Columbia. 

Title to Mineral Properties 

The acquisition of title to mineral properties is a complicated and uncertain process.  The properties may 
be subject to prior unregistered agreements of transfer, unregistered liens, or land claims, and title may 
be affected by undetected defects.  Although the Corporation has made efforts to ensure that legal title to 
its properties is properly recorded in the name of the Corporation, there can be no assurance that such 
title will ultimately be secured. Title insurance generally is not available for mining claims in Canada.  As a 
result,  the  Corporation  may  be  constrained  in  its  ability  to  operate  its  mineral  properties  or  unable  to 
enforce its rights with respect to its mineral properties. An impairment to or defect in the Corporation’s title 
to its mineral properties would adversely affect the Corporation’ business and financial condition. 

Capitalization and Commercial Viability 

Alexco will require additional funds to further explore, develop and mine its properties.  Alexco has limited 
financial resources, and there is no assurance that additional funding will be available to Alexco to carry 
out the completion of all proposed activities, for additional exploration or for the substantial capital that is 
typically  required  in  order  to  place  a  property  into  commercial  production.  Although  Alexco  has  been 
successful  in  the  past  in  obtaining  financing  through  the  sale  of  equity  securities,  there  can  be  no 
assurance  that  Alexco  will  be  able  to  obtain  adequate  financing  in  the  future  or  that  the  terms  of  such 
financing  will  be  favourable.  Failure  to  obtain  such  additional  financing  could  result  in  the  delay  or 
indefinite postponement of further exploration and development of its properties. 

General Economic Conditions May Adversely Affect Alexco’s Growth and Profitability 

The  unprecedented  events  in  global  financial  markets  since  2008  have  had  a  profound  impact  on  the 
global  economy  and  led  to  increased  levels  of  volatility.  Many  industries,  including  the  mining  industry, 
are  impacted  by  these  market  conditions.  Some  of  the  impacts  of  the  current  financial  market  turmoil 
include contraction in credit markets resulting in a widening of credit risk, devaluations and high volatility 
in global equity, commodity, foreign currency exchange and precious metal markets, and a lack of market 
liquidity. If the current turmoil and volatility levels continue they may adversely affect Alexco's growth and 
profitability. Specifically: 

- 30 - 

 
 
 
• 

• 

• 

• 

a  global  credit/liquidity  or  foreign  currency  exchange  crisis  could  impact  the  cost  and 
availability of financing and Alexco’s overall liquidity; 

the  volatility  of  silver  and  other  commodity  prices  would  impact  Alexco’s  revenues,  profits, 
losses and cash flow; 

volatile  energy  prices,  commodity  and  consumables  prices  and  currency  exchange  rates 
would impact Alexco’s operating costs; and 

the  devaluation  and  volatility  of  global stock  markets  could  impact  the  valuation  of  Alexco’s 
equity and other securities. 

These  factors  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  Alexco’s  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations. 

Operating Hazards and Risks 

In the course of exploration, development and production of mineral properties, certain risks, particularly 
including but not limited to unexpected or unusual geological operating conditions including rock bursts, 
cave-ins, fires, flooding and earthquakes, may occur.  It is not always possible to fully insure against such 
risks  and  the  Corporation  may  decide  not  to  insure  against  such  risks  as  a  result  of  high  premiums  or 
other  reasons.    Should  such  liabilities  arise,  they  could  reduce  or  eliminate  any  future  profitability  and 
result in increasing costs and a decline in the value of the securities of the Corporation. 

Adverse weather conditions could also disrupt the Corporation’s environmental services business and/or 
reduce demand for the Corporation’s services. 

Competition 

Significant and increasing competition exists for mining opportunities internationally.  There are a number 
of large established mining companies with substantial capabilities and far greater financial and technical 
resources than the Corporation.  The Corporation may be unable to acquire additional attractive mining 
properties  on  terms  it  considers  acceptable  and  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  Corporation’s 
exploration and acquisition programs will yield any reserves or result in any commercial mining operation. 

Certain of the Corporation’s Directors and Officers are Involved with Other Natural Resource Companies, 
Which May Create Conflicts of Interest from Time to Time  

Some  of  the  Corporation’s  directors  and  officers  are  directors  or  officers  of  other  natural  resource  or 
mining-related companies.  These associations may give rise to conflicts of interest from time to time.  As 
a  result  of  these  conflicts  of  interest,  the  Corporation  may  miss  the  opportunity  to  participate  in  certain 
transactions. 

The Corporation May Fail to Maintain Adequate Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Pursuant to the 
Requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. 

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“SOX”) requires an annual assessment by management of the 
effectiveness  of  the  Corporation’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting.    The  Corporation  may  fail  to 
maintain  the  adequacy  of  its  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  such  standards  are  modified, 
supplemented or amended from time to time, and the Corporation may not be able to ensure that it can 
conclude, on an ongoing basis, that it has effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance 
with Section 404 of SOX.  The Corporation’s failure to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of SOX on 
an  ongoing,  timely  basis  could  result  in  the  loss  of  investor  confidence  in  the  reliability  of  its  financial 
statements, which in turn could harm the Corporation’s business and negatively impact the trading price 

- 31 - 

 
 
 
or  the  market  value  of  its  securities.    In  addition,  any  failure  to  implement  required  new  or  improved 
controls,  or  difficulties  encountered  in  their  implementation,  could  harm  the  Corporation’s  operating 
results or cause it to fail to meet its reporting obligations.  Future acquisitions of companies, if any, may 
provide the Corporation with challenges in implementing the required processes, procedures and controls 
in its acquired operations.  No evaluation can provide complete assurance that the Corporation’s internal 
control  over  financial  reporting  will  detect  or  uncover  all  failures  of  persons  within  the  Corporation  to 
disclose  material  information  otherwise  required  to  be  reported.    The  effectiveness  of  the  Corporation’s 
processes, procedures and controls could also be limited by simple errors or faulty judgments.  Although 
the Corporation intends to expend substantial time and incur substantial costs, as necessary, to ensure 
ongoing compliance, there is no certainty that it will be successful in complying with Section 404 of SOX. 

- 32 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Summary of Resources 

The following table sets forth the estimated resources for the Corporation’s mineral properties: 

Category1,2,9 

Property 

Tonnes 

Indicated 

Inferred 

Bellekeno Deposit3&4 
Lucky Queen Deposit3&5 
Flame & Moth Deposit3&5 
Onek3&5 
Bermingham3&6 
Total Indicated – Sub-Surface 
Elsa Tailings7 
Total Indicated – All Deposits 
Bellekeno Deposit3&4 
Lucky Queen Deposit3&5 
Flame & Moth Deposit3&5 
Onek3&5 
Bermingham3&6 
Total Inferred 

262,000 
132,300 
1,679,000 
700,200 
1,651,500 
4,425,000 
2,490,000 
6,915,000 
243,000 
257,900 
365,200 
285,100 
616,550 
1,767,750 

Ag 
(g/t) 

585 
1,167 
498 
191 
628 
523 
119 
378 
428 
473 
356 
118 
526 
404 

Au 
(g/t) 

n/a 
0.2 
0.4 
0.6 
0.1 
0.3 
0.1 
0.2 
n/a 
0.1 
0.3 
0.4 
0.1 
0.2 

Pb 
(%) 

3.5% 
2.4% 
1.9% 
1.2% 
1.6% 
1.8% 
1.0% 
1.5% 
4.1% 
1.0% 
0.5% 
1.2% 
1.1% 
1.4% 

Zn 
(%) 

5.3% 
1.6% 
5.3% 
11.9% 
1.3% 
4.7% 
0.7% 
3.3% 
5.1% 
0.8% 
4.3% 
8.3% 
0.9% 
3.4% 

Contained Ag 
(oz) 

4,927,000 
4,964,000 
26,883,000 
4,300,000 
33,350,300 
74,424,300 
9,527,000 
83,952,300 
3,344,000 
3,922,000 
4,180,000 
1,082,000 
10,438,700 
22,966,700 

Historical 
  Resources 

Silver King8 
   - Proven, probable and indicated 
   - Inferred 

Notes: 

99,000 
22,500 

1,354 
1,456 

n/a 
n/a 

1.6% 
0.1% 

0.1% 
n/a 

4,310,000 
1,057,000 

1.  All mineral resources are classified following the CIM Definition Standards for Mineral Resources and Mineral 

Reserves (May 2014) of NI 43-101. 

2.  Mineral  resources  are  not  mineral  reserves  and  do  not  have  demonstrated  economic  viability.    All  numbers 

have been rounded to reflect the relative accuracy of the estimates. 

3.  The Keno Hill Silver District is comprised of five deposits:  Bellekeno, Lucky Queen and Flame & Moth, Onek 
and Bermingham, of which Bellekeno, Lucky Queen, Flame & Moth and Bermingham are incorporated into the 
current mine plan outlined in the technical report filed on SEDAR dated March 29, 2017 with an effective date of 
January 3, 2017, as amended on September 14, 2018, entitled “Preliminary Economic Assessment of the Keno 
Hill  Silver  District  Project,  Yukon,  Canada”  (the  “PEA”).  The  mineral  resource  estimates  for  the  project  are 
supported by disclosure in the news release dated March 29, 2017 entitled “Alexco and Silver Wheaton Amend 
Silver  Purchase Agreement  and  Alexco  Announces  Positive  Preliminary  Economic  Assessment  for  Expanded 
Silver Production at Keno Hill” and the PEA. The mineral resource estimate for Bermingham has been updated 
by disclosure in note 6 below. 

4.  The  mineral  resource  estimate  for  the  Bellekeno  deposit  is  based  on  a  geologic resource  estimate  having  an 
effective  date  of  September  30,  2012.  The  Bellekeno  indicated  mineral  resources  are  as  at  September  30, 
2013, and reflect the geologic resource less estimated subsequent depletion from mine production. 

5.  The mineral resource estimate for the Lucky Queen, Flame & Moth and Onek deposits have an effective date of 

January 3, 2017. 

6.  The  resource  estimate  for  the  Bermingham  deposit  has  an  effective  date  of  September  17,  2018  and  is 
supported by disclosure in the news release dated September 20, 2018 entitled “Alexco Updates Bermingham 
Mineral Resource”. 

7.  The mineral resource estimate for the Elsa Tailings has an effective date of April 22, 2010, and is supported by 
the  technical  report  dated  June  16,  2010  entitled “Mineral  Resource  Estimation,  Elsa  Tailings  Project,  Yukon, 
Canada”. 

8.  Historical  resources  for  Silver  King  were  estimated  by  UKHM,  as  documented  in  an  internal  report  entitled 
“Mineral Resources and Mineable Ore Reserves” dated March 9, 1997. The historical resources were estimated 
based  on  a  combination  of  surface  and  underground  drill  holes  and  chip  samples  taken  on  the  vein  and 
calculated using the polygonal (block) model and the 1997 CIM definitions for resource categories. Verification 
of  the  estimate  would  require  new  drill  holes  into  a  statistically  significant  number  of  the  historical  resource 
blocks and/or a combination of on-vein sampling.  A qualified person has not done sufficient work to classify this 
estimate  of  historical  resources  as  current,  nor  is  Alexco  treating  this  historical  estimate  as  a  current  Mineral 
Resource. 

9.  The disclosure regarding the summary of estimated mineral resources for Alexco’s mineral properties within the 
Keno  Hill  District  has  been  reviewed  and  approved  by  Neil  Chambers,  P.Eng.,  Mine  Superintendent  and  a 
Qualified Person as defined by NI 43-101. 

- 33 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements 

This  MD&A  contains  forward-looking  statements  within  the  meaning  of  the  United  States  Private 
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable 
Canadian securities laws (together, “forward-looking statements”) concerning the Corporation's business 
plans, including but not limited to anticipated results and developments in the Corporation’s operations in 
future  periods,  planned  exploration  and  development  of  its  mineral  properties,  plans  related  to  its 
business and other matters that may occur in the future, made as of the date of this MD&A. 

Forward-looking  statements  may  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  statements  with  respect  to  future 
remediation and reclamation activities, future mineral exploration, the estimation of mineral reserves and 
mineral  resources,  the  realization  of  mineral  reserve  and  mineral  resource  estimates,  future  mine 
construction and development activities, future mine operation and production, the timing of activities, the 
requirements for additional capital and sources and uses of funds. Any statements that express or involve 
discussions with respect to predictions, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, assumptions 
or  future  events  or  performance  (often,  but  not  always,  using  words  or  phrases  such  as  “expects”, 
“anticipates”, “plans”, “estimates”, “intends”, “strategy”, “goals”, “objectives” or stating that certain actions, 
events or results “may”, “could”, “would”, “might” or “will” be taken, occur or be achieved, or the negative 
of any of these terms and similar expressions) are not statements of historical fact and may be “forward-
looking statements”. 

Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other 
factors  which  could  cause  actual  events  or  results  to  differ  from  those  expressed  or  implied  by  the 
forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to, risks related to actual results and 
timing  of  exploration  and  development  activities;  actual  results  and  timing  of  mining  activities;  actual 
results  and  timing  of  environmental  services  operations;  actual  results  and  timing  of  remediation  and 
reclamation  activities;  conclusions  of  economic  evaluations;  changes  in  project  parameters  as  plans 
continue to be refined; future prices of silver, gold, lead, zinc and other commodities; possible variations 
in  mineable  resources,  grade  or  recovery  rates;  failure  of  plant,  equipment  or  processes  to  operate  as 
anticipated; accidents, labour disputes and other risks of the mining industry; First Nation rights and title; 
continued capitalization and commercial viability; global economic conditions; competition; and delays in 
obtaining  governmental  approvals  or  financing  or  in  the  completion  of  development  activities. 
Furthermore,  forward-looking  statements  are  statements  about  the  future  and  are  inherently  uncertain, 
and actual achievements of the Corporation or other future events or conditions may differ materially from 
those reflected in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks, uncertainties and other factors, 
including  but  not  limited  to  those  referred  to  in  this  MD&A  under  the  heading  “Risk  Factors”  and 
elsewhere. 

Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions that management believes are reasonable 
at the time they are made.  In making the forward-looking statements included in this AIF, the Corporation 
has applied several material assumptions, including, but not limited to, the assumption that:  (1) additional 
financing needed for the capacity related refund under the silver purchase agreement with Wheaton will 
be available on reasonable terms; (2) additional financing needed for further exploration and development 
work on the Corporation's properties will be available on reasonable terms; (3) the proposed development 
of its mineral projects will be viable operationally and economically and proceed as planned; (4) market 
fundamentals will result in sustained silver, gold, lead and zinc demand and prices, and such prices will 
not be materially lower than those estimated by management in preparing the annual financial statements 
for the year ended December 31, 2018; (5) market fundamentals will result in sustained silver, gold, lead 
and zinc demand and prices, and such prices will be materially consistent with or more favourable than 
those anticipated in the PEA (as defined under "Description of the Business – KHSD Property"); (6) the 
actual  nature,  size  and  grade  of  its  mineral  resources  are  materially  consistent  with  the  resource 
estimates  reported  in  the  supporting  technical  reports;  (7)  labor  and  other  industry  services  will  be 
available to the Corporation at prices consistent with internal estimates; (8) the continuances of existing 
and, in certain circumstances, proposed tax and royalty regimes; and (9) that other parties will continue to 

- 34 - 

 
 
 
meet and satisfy their contractual obligations to the Corporation.  Statements concerning mineral reserve 
and  mineral  resource  estimates  may  also  be  deemed  to  constitute  forward-looking  information  to  the 
extent  that  they  involve  estimates  of  the  mineralization  that  will  be  encountered  if  the  property  is 
developed.    Other  material  factors  and  assumptions  are  discussed  throughout  this  MD&A  and,  in 
particular, under both “Critical Accounting Estimates” and “Risk Factors”. 

The  Corporation's  forward-looking  statements  are  based  on  the  beliefs,  expectations  and  opinions  of 
management  on  the  date  the  statements  are  made  and  should  not  be  relied  on  as  representing  the 
Corporation's  views  on  any  subsequent  date. While  the  Corporation  anticipates  that subsequent events 
may  cause  its  views  to  change,  the Corporation specifically  disclaims  any  intention  or  any  obligation  to 
update  forward-looking  statements  if  circumstances  or  management's  beliefs,  expectations  or  opinions 
should change, except as required by applicable law.  For the reasons set forth above, investors should 
not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. 

Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors – Information Concerning Preparation of Resource Estimates 

This  MD&A  has  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the  securities  laws  in  effect  in 
Canada, which differ from the requirements of United States securities laws.  The terms “mineral reserve”, 
“proven  mineral  reserve”  and  “probable  mineral  reserve”  are  Canadian  mining  terms  as  defined  in 
accordance with NI 43-101 and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (the “CIM”) – 
CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, adopted by the CIM Council, as 
amended.  These  definitions  differ  from  the  definitions  in  the  United  States  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission’s  (“SEC”)  Industry  Guide  7  under  the  United  States  Securities  Act  of  1933,  as  amended.  
Under  SEC  Industry  Guide  7  standards,  mineralization  cannot  be  classified  as  a  “reserve”  unless  the 
determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally extracted at the 
time the reserve determination is made.  As applied under SEC Industry Guide 7, a “final” or “bankable” 
feasibility  study  is  required  to  report  reserves,  the  three-year  historical  average  price  is  used  in  any 
reserve  or  cash  flow  analysis  to  designate  reserves,  and  all  necessary  permits  and  government 
authorizations must be filed with the appropriate governmental authority. 

In addition, the terms “mineral resource”, “measured mineral resource”, “indicated mineral resource” and 
“inferred  mineral  resource”  are  defined  in  and  required  to  be  disclosed  by  NI  43-101;  however,  these 
terms  are  not  defined  terms  under  SEC  Industry  Guide  7  and  are  normally  not  permitted  to  be  used  in 
reports and registration statements filed with the SEC.  Investors are cautioned not to assume that all or 
any  part  of  a  mineral deposit  in  these categories will  ever be converted  into reserves. “Inferred  mineral 
resources”  have  a  great  amount  of  uncertainty  as  to  their  existence,  and  great  uncertainty  as  to  their 
economic and legal feasibility.  It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource 
will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of inferred mineral resources 
may  not  form  the  basis  of  feasibility  or  pre-feasibility  studies,  except  in  rare  cases.    Investors  are 
cautioned not to assume that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource exists or is economically or 
legally  mineable.  It  is  reasonably  expected  that  the  majority  of  inferred  mineral  resources  could  be 
upgraded to indicated mineral resources with continued exploration. Disclosure of “contained ounces” in a 
resource  is  permitted  disclosure  under  Canadian  regulations;  however,  the  SEC  normally  only  permits 
issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute “reserves” by SEC Industry Guide 7 standards as 
in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures. 

Accordingly, information concerning mineral deposits contained in this MD&A may not be comparable to 
similar information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements 
under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. 

- 35 - 

 
 
 
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING 

The management of Alexco Resource Corp. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control 
over financial reporting.  Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, 
the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer and effected by the Board of Directors, management and 
other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of 
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued 
by the International Accounting Standards Board.  It includes those policies and procedures that: 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

pertain to the maintenance of records that accurately and fairly reflect, in reasonable detail, the transactions 
related to acquisitions and dispositions of Alexco’s assets; 

provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial 
statements  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards,  and  that  Alexco  receipts  and 
expenditures are made only in accordance with authorizations of management and Alexco’s directors; and 

provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized  acquisition,  use  or 
disposition of Alexco assets that could have a material effect on Alexco’s financial statements. 

Due to its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, 
projections  of  any  evaluation  of  the  effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  to  future  periods  are 
subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of 
compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

The effectiveness of Alexco’s internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2018 has been audited by 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Alexco’s independent registered public accounting firm. 

Management  assessed  the  effectiveness  of  Alexco’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  at  December  31, 
2018, based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of 
Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission.    Based  on  this  assessment,  management  has  concluded 
that Alexco’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as at December 31, 2018. 

“Clynton R. Nauman” 
  (signed) 

Clynton R. Nauman 
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer 

March 13, 2019 

“Michael Clark” 
  (signed) 

Michael Clark
Chief Financial Officer 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Alexco Resource Corp.  

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Alexco Resource Corp. and its 
subsidiaries, (together, the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated 
statements of loss and comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, 
including the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). We also have 
audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria 
established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material 
respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and their financial 
performance and their cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with International Financial 
Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS). Also in our 
opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated 
Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. 

Change in Accounting Principle 
As discussed in Note 3 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner 
in which it accounts for exploration and evaluation assets in 2018. 

Basis for Opinions 
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining 
effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal 
control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control 
Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated 
financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. 
We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the 
U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange 
Commission and the PCAOB.  

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we 
plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial 
statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal 
control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
PricewaterhouseCoopers Place, 250 Howe Street, Suite 1400, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3S7 
T: +1 604 806 7000, F: +1 604 806 7806 

“PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership. 

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of 
material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and 
performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, 
evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also 
included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as 
well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal 
control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial 
reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and 
operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing 
such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits 
provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.  

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable 
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for 
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal 
control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance 
of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the 
assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to 
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, 
and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations 
of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention 
or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have 
a material effect on the financial statements.  

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect 
misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk 
that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance 
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

(Signed) “PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP” 

Chartered Professional Accountants 

Vancouver, Canada 
March 13, 2019 

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2005.  

ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2018 

(expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Note

Current Assets

    Cash and cash equivalents

    Accounts and other receivables 

Restricted cash and deposits

    Investments

    Inventories

    Prepaid expenses and other 

Non-Current Assets

   Restricted cash and deposits 

   Investments

   Inventories

   Property, plant and equipment 

   Mineral properties 

   Embedded derivative asset

   Intangible assets and other

Total Assets

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current Liabilities

    Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

    Environmental services contract loss provision  

    Deferred revenue 

    Flow-through share premium pending renunciation

Non-Current Liabilities
   Decommissioning and rehabilitation provision
   Deferred income tax liabilities

Total Liabilities

Shareholders' Equity

Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity

COMMITMENTS

8

9

10

11

12

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

18
24

30

December 31 
 2018

December 31 
2017 
(restated - note 6)

     January 1 
2017 
(restated - note 6)

$                   

8,576
6,811

$                  

17,906
2,086

$                 

20,382
2,938

-

351

818

878

499

728

646

538

17,434

22,403

2,725

409

4,699

15,233

82,226

9,671

621

6,593

1,027

4,743

16,256

64,587

6,600

115

-

1,691

151

401

25,563

6,948

-

5,110

16,250

55,620

-

195

$               

133,018

$                

122,324

$               

109,686

$                   

7,210
36

$                    

3,601
126

$                   

1,832
277

109

649

8,004

5,286
3,098

196

276

4,199

5,055
614

337

-

2,446

4,955
-

                    16,388 

                      9,868 

                      7,401 

                  116,630 

                  112,456 

102,285

$               

133,018

$                

122,324

$               

109,686

APPROVED ON BEHALF OF  
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

“Terry Krepiakevich” 

“Elaine Sanders” 

(signed) 
______________________________ 
Director   

(signed) 
______________________________  
Director 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim condensed consolidated financial statements 

 
 
 
 
                     
                      
                     
                             
                         
                             
                        
                         
                     
                        
                         
                        
                        
                         
                        
                   
                    
                   
                     
                      
                     
                        
                      
                             
                     
                      
                     
                   
                    
                   
                   
                    
                   
                     
                      
                             
                        
                         
                        
                          
                         
                        
                        
                         
                        
                        
                         
                             
                     
                      
                     
                     
                      
                     
                     
                         
                             
                 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 

(expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share 
and share amounts)

Note

2018

2017
(restated - note 6)

Revenues

    Environmental Services Revenue

Cost of Sales
   Environmental Services Costs

Total Gross Profit

    General and administrative expenses

    Mine site care and maintenance

Operating Loss

Other Income (Expenses)

Other income and expenses
Gain (loss) on investments
    Gain on embedded derivative

Loss Before Taxes

Income Tax Provision

    Current
    Deferred

Net Loss

20

19,880

10,732

21

22

23
11
16

24
24

13,828

6,052

12,170

2,603

14,773

(8,721)

(772)
(572)
3,071

6,732

4,000

10,942

1,888

12,830

(8,830)

1,148
1,341
-

               (6,994)

               (6,341)

3
1,504

(8,501)

(798)

213

-
(585)

-
1,472

(7,813)

253

(564)

(356)
(667)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 Gain (loss) on FVTOCI investments, net of tax

    Items that may be reclassified subsequently to net loss

         Cumulative translation adjustments, net of tax 
         Recycle of loss on previously recorded available-for-sale to income, net of tax
Other Comprehensive Loss

Total Comprehensive Loss

$             

(9,086)

$             

(8,480)

Basic and diluted loss per common share

$               

(0.08)

$               

(0.09)

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding

105,034,345

98,486,437

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim condensed consolidated financial statements 

 
 
 
 
 
              
              
              
                
                
                
              
              
                
                
              
              
               
               
                  
                
                  
                
                
                        
                       
                
                
               
               
                  
                   
                   
                  
                        
                  
                  
                  
      
        
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 
(expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Cash Flows used in Operating Activities
    Net loss

    Items not affecting cash from operations:

       Environmental services contract loss provision
       Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
       Amortization of intangible assets

       Share-based compensation expense
       Finance costs, foreign exchange and other

       Realized gain on disposition of investments

       Unrealized loss (gain) on investments

       Advisory fees paid in shares

       Deferred income tax provision 

    Changes in non-cash working capital balances related to operations

      (Increase) decrease in accounts and other receivables  
      Increase in inventories  
      (Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets  

  Decrease in deferred revenue

      Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities  

Cash Flows (used in) from Investing Activities

    Expenditures on mineral properties
    Purchase or disposal of property, plant and equipment

Decrease (increase) in restricted cash
Acquisition of subsidiary

Purchase (disposal) of investments

Cash Flows from (used in) Financing Activities

    Proceeds from issuance of shares
    Issuance costs
    Proceeds from exercise of warrants 

    Proceeds from exercise of stock options

Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents - Beginning of Year

2018

2017
(restated-note 6)

$           

(8,501)

$           

(7,813)

(90)
1,601
51

2,580
(2,799)

-

573

-

1,504

(4,107)
(26)
650
(88)

3,162

(152)
1,723
76

2,359
(1,418)

(1,204)

(632)

500

1,472

849
(129)
(140)
(142)

597

             (5,490)

             (4,054)

(17,115)
(486)
4,383
(536)
(407)

(14,161)

9,042
(966)
2,027
218

10,321

(9,330)

17,906

(7,155)
(1,982)
(195)
-
2,003

(7,329)

9,043
(716)
418
162

8,907

(2,476)

20,382

Cash and Cash Equivalents - End of Year

$            

8,576

$          

17,906

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION (see note 27)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim condensed consolidated financial statements 

 
 
 
 
                  
                
              
              
                   
                   
              
              
             
             
                      
             
                 
                
                      
                 
              
              
             
                 
                  
                
                 
                
                  
                
              
                 
           
             
                
             
              
                
                
                      
                
              
           
             
              
              
                
                
              
                 
                 
                 
            
              
             
             
            
            
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
( expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars) 

Common Shares

Number of Shares

Amount W arrants

Share 
Options 
and RS U' s 

Contributed 
S urplus

 Accumulated 
Def icit 

Accumulated Other 
Comprehensive 
Loss

T otal 

Balance ‐ December 31, 2017                    
(restated ‐ note 6)

Net loss

Other comprehensive loss

Share-based compensation 
expense recognized
Flow-through shares equity offering, 
net of issuance costs and tax

Credit Facility fee - warrants

Acquistion of Contango Strategies 

Exercise of share options

Exercise of warrants

Shares issued on Option 
Agreement

Share options forfeited or expired

Release of RSU settlement shares

101,280,850

$      

202,389

$      

2,092

$      

6,660

$        

15,743

$         

( 113,297)

$                   

( 1,131)

$          

112,456

-

-

-

4,703,000

-

237,999

281,666

1,167,351

10,000

-

318,036

-

-

-

6,701

-

416

323

2,563

14

-

497

-

-

-

-

938

-

-

(536)

-

-

-

-

2,947

-

-

-

(106)

-

(3,163)

(497)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3,163

-

(8,501)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(585)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(8,501)

(585)

2,947

6,701

938

416

217

2,027

14

-

-

Balance ‐ December 31, 2018

107,998,902

$       

212,903

$      

2,494

$       

5,841

$        

18,906

$         

( 121,798)

$                  

( 1,716)

$          

116,630

Balance ‐ December 31, 2016                    
(restated ‐ note 6)

Net loss

Other comprehensive income

costs

Shares issued - advisory fees
Shares issued - consideration for 
Wheaton
Share-based compensation 
expense recognized

Exercise of share options

Exercise of warrants

Share options forfeited or expired
Release of RSU settlement shares
Balance ‐ December 31, 2017                    
(restated ‐ note 6)

92,950,194

$       

186,952

$      

2,134

$       

7,216

$        

12,880

$        

(105,483)

$                    

( 464)

$          

103,235

-

-

4,205,820

250,000

3,000,000

-

126,340

458,878

-

289,618

-

-

7,222

500

6,600

-

240

531

-

343

-

-

72

-

-

-

-

(114)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,728

(78)

-

(2,863)

(343)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,863

-

(7,813)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(667)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(7,813)

(667)

7,294

500

6,600

2,728

162

417

-

-

101,280,850

202,388

2,092

6,660

15,743

( 113,296)

( 1,131)

112,456

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim condensed consolidated financial statements 

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
          
                               
                     
                
                 
                     
                     
                                 
                     
                               
                     
                
                 
                     
                         
                               
                       
                               
                     
                
             
                     
                         
                                 
                      
                    
                  
                
                 
                     
                         
                                 
                      
                               
                     
                
                 
                     
                         
                                 
                         
                       
                     
                
                 
                     
                         
                                 
                         
                        
                     
                
                
                     
                         
                                 
                         
                      
                  
              
                 
                     
                         
                                 
                      
                          
                       
                           
                               
                     
                
             
                  
                         
                                 
                         
                        
                     
                
               
                     
                         
                                 
                         
         
           
                               
                     
                
                 
                     
                     
                                 
                     
                               
                     
                
                 
                     
                         
                               
                       
                    
                  
                  
                 
                     
                         
                                 
                      
                       
                     
                
                 
                     
                         
                                 
                         
                    
                  
                
                 
                     
                         
                                 
                      
                               
                     
                
             
                     
                         
                                 
                      
                        
                     
                
                 
                     
                         
                                 
                         
                       
                     
                
                 
                     
                         
                                 
                         
                               
                     
                
            
                 
                         
                                 
                         
                        
                     
                
               
                     
                         
                                 
                         
          
        
        
        
          
           
                    
            
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

1. 

Description of Business and Nature of Operations 

Alexco  Resource  Corp.  (“Alexco”  or  the  “Corporation”)  was  incorporated  under  the  Business  Corporations 
Act (Yukon) on December 3, 2004 and commenced operations on March 15, 2005. Effective December 28, 
2007,  it  was  continued  under  the  Business  Corporations  Act  (British  Columbia).  The  Corporation  operates 
two  principal  businesses:    a  mining  business,  comprising  mineral  exploration  and  mine  development  in 
Yukon  Territory;  and  through  Alexco  Environmental  Group  (“AEG”),  an  environmental  services  business, 
providing  consulting,  remediation  solutions  and  project  management  services  in  respect  of  environmental 
permitting and compliance and site remediation, primarily in Canada and the United States. 

The Corporation is in the process of exploring and developing its mineral properties.  The recoverability of 
the  amounts  shown  for  mineral  properties  is  dependent  upon  the  existence  of  economically  recoverable 
mineral  resources  or  reserves,  successful  permitting,  the  ability  of  the  Corporation  to  obtain  necessary 
financing to complete exploration and development, and upon future profitable production or proceeds from 
disposition of each mineral property. The carrying amounts of mineral properties are based on a disposal of 
part of a mineral property interest, costs incurred to date, adjusted for depletion and impairments and do not 
necessarily represent present or future values. 

Alexco is a public company which is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (under the symbol AXR) and the 
NYSE  American  Stock  Exchange  (under  the  symbol  AXU).  The  Corporation’s  corporate  head  office  is 
located at Suite 1225, Two Bentall Centre, 555 Burrard Street, Box 216, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V7X 1M9. 

2. 

Basis of Preparation and Statement of Compliance 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board,  and  were 
approved for issue by the Board of Directors on March 13, 2019. 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  under  the  historical  cost  method,  except  for 
derivative  financial  instruments,  share-based  compensation  and  certain  financial  assets  which  have  been 
measured at fair value. All figures are expressed in Canadian dollars unless otherwise indicated. 

3. 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  

The  significant  accounting  policies  used  in  the  preparation  of  these  financial  statements  are  summarized 
below.  

(a) 

Basis of Consolidation 

The Corporation’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its 
subsidiaries.  Subsidiaries  are  entities  controlled  by  the  Corporation,  where  control  is  achieved  by 
the Corporation being exposed to, or having rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the 
entity and having the  ability to affect those  returns through its  power  over the entity. Subsidiaries 
are  fully  consolidated  from  the  date  on  which  control  is  obtained  by  Alexco,  and  are  de-
consolidated from the date that control ceases. 

The  following  subsidiaries  have  been  consolidated  for  all  dates  presented  within  these  financial 
statements,  and  are  wholly  owned:    Alexco  Keno  Hill  Mining  Corp.,  Elsa  Reclamation  & 
Development Corporation Ltd. (“ERDC”), Alexco Exploration Canada Corp., Alexco Environmental 
Group  Inc.,  Alexco  Environmental  Group  Holdings  Inc.,  Alexco  Water  and  Environment  Inc. 
(“AWE”)  and  Contango  Strategies  Ltd.  During  the  period  January  1,  2017  through  December  28, 
2017, the date of the sale,  amounts from Alexco Environmental (US) Group Inc. (“AEG US”) and 
Alexco  Financial  Guarantee  Corp.  (“AFGC”)  (together  referred  to  as  “AEG  US  Group”)  were 
consolidated by the Corporation. All significant inter-company transactions, balances, income and 
expenses are eliminated on consolidation. 

 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

(b) 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  are  unrestricted  as  to  use  and  consist  of  cash  on  hand,  demand 
deposits  and  short  term  interest-bearing  investments  with  maturities  of  90  days  or  less  from  the 
original  date  of  acquisition  and  which  can  readily  be  liquidated  to  known  amounts  of  cash.  
Redeemable  interest  bearing  investments  with  maturities  of  up  to  one  year  are  considered  cash 
equivalents if they can readily be liquidated at any point in time to known amounts of cash and they 
are redeemable thereafter until maturity for invested value plus accrued interest. 

(c) 

Inventories 

Inventories include ore in stockpiles, concentrate and materials and supplies.  Ore in stockpiles and 
concentrate  are  recorded  at  the  lower  of  weighted  average  cost  and  net  realizable  value.  Cost 
comprises  all  mining  and  processing  costs  incurred,  including  labor,  consumables,  production-
related overheads, depreciation of production-related property, plant and equipment and depletion 
of  related  mineral  properties.  Net  realizable  value  is  estimated  at  the  selling  price  in  the  ordinary 
course of business less applicable variable selling expenses.  Materials and supplies are valued at 
the lower of cost and replacement cost, costs based on landed cost of purchase, net of a provision 
for obsolescence where applicable. 

When  inventories  have  been  written  down  to  net  realizable  value,  a  new  assessment  of  net 
realizable  value  is  made  in  each  subsequent  period.  When  circumstances  that  caused  the  write-
down  no  longer  exist  or  when  there  is  clear  evidence  of  an  increase  in  net  realizable  value,  the 
amount of the write down is reversed. 

(d) 

Property, Plant and Equipment 

Property,  plant  and  equipment  are  stated  at  historical  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and 
impairment write-downs. The cost capitalized is determined by the fair value of consideration given 
to acquire the asset at the time of acquisition or construction, the direct cost of bringing the asset to 
the  condition  necessary  for  operation,  and  the  estimated  future  cost  of  decommissioning  and 
removing the asset.  Repairs and maintenance expenditures are charged to operations, while major 
improvements and replacements which extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. 

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the following methods: 

Heavy machinery and equipment 
Land and buildings 
Leasehold improvements & Other 
Roads, Camp and other site infrastructure 
Ore-processing mill components 

5 years straight-line 
20 years straight-line 
Over the term of lease, and 2 – 5 years straight-line 
5 -10 years straight-line 
Variously between 5 and 30 years straight-line 

Gains  and  losses  on  disposals  are  determined  by  comparing  the  proceeds  with  the  carrying 
amount and are recognized within other gains or losses in earnings. 

(e) 

Mineral Properties 

Exploration and Evaluation Properties 

The Corporation capitalizes exploration and evaluation expenses at cost for expenditures incurred 
after  it  has  obtained  legal  rights  to  explore  a  specific  area  and  before  technical  feasibility  and 
commercial viability of extracting mineral resources are demonstrable. 

All  direct  and  indirect  costs  relating  to  the  exploration  of  specific  properties  with  the  objective  of 
locating,  defining  and  delineating  the  resource  potential  of  the  mineral  interests  on  specific 
properties  are  capitalized  as  exploration  and  evaluation  assets,  net  of  any  directly  attributable 
recoveries recognized, such as exploration or investment tax credits. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

The  Corporation  has  elected  to  follow  a  policy  of  applying  the  proceeds  received  from  the  silver 
streaming arrangement with Wheaton Precious Metals (“Wheaton”) explained further in Note 15, as 
a credit to the carrying value of the Exploration and Evaluation Property. Accordingly, this has been 
applied  retrospectively  and  the  initial  deposit  has  been  applied  as  an  offset  against  the  mineral 
interest asset, with the cumulative catch up adjustment in the amount of $12,396,000 recognized in 
January 1, 2017  opening retained earnings (Note 6). 

At each reporting date, exploration and evaluation assets are evaluated and may be classified as 
mining operations assets upon achieving technical feasibility and determination of commercial 
viability. 

Mining Operations Properties 

Mining  operations  properties  are  recorded  at  cost  on  a  property-by-property  basis.  The  recorded 
cost  of  mining  operations  properties  is  based  on  acquisition  costs  incurred  to  date,  including 
capitalized  exploration  and  evaluation  costs  and  capitalized  development  costs,  less  depletion, 
recoveries and write-offs. Capitalized development costs include costs incurred to establish access 
to mineable resources where such costs are expected to provide a long-term economic benefit, as 
well as operating costs incurred, net of the proceeds from any sales generated, prior to the time the 
property achieves commercial production. 

Depletion  of  mining  operations  properties  is  calculated  on  the  units-of-production  basis  using 
estimated mine plan resources, such resources being those defined in the mine plan on which the 
applicable  mining  activity  is  based.  The  mine  plan  resources  for  such  purpose  are  generally  as 
described  in  an  economic  analysis  supported  by  a  technical  report  compliant  with  Canadian 
National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects. 

(f) 

Intangible Assets 

Customer relationships, rights to provide services and database assets acquired through business 
combinations,  and  acquired  patents,  are  recorded  at  fair  value  at  acquisition  date.  All  of  the 
Corporation’s  intangible  assets  have  finite  useful  lives,  and  are  amortized  using  the  straight-line 
method over their expected useful lives.  

(g) 

Impairment of Non-Current Non-Financial Assets 

The  carrying  amounts  of  non-current  non-financial  assets  are  reviewed  and  evaluated  for 
impairment  when  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amounts  of  the 
related  asset  may  not  be  recoverable.  Non-current  non-financial  assets  include  property,  plant, 
equipment,  mineral  properties  and  finite-life  intangible  assets.  If  the  recoverable  amount  is  less 
than  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset,  an  impairment  loss  is  recognized  and  the  asset  is  written 
down to recoverable value. 

The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s “fair value less cost of disposal” and “value-in-
use”.  Where  the  asset  does  not  generate  cash  flows  that  are  independent  from  other  assets,  the 
recoverable  amount  of  the  cash-generating  unit  to  which  the  asset  belongs  is  determined,  with  a 
cash‐generating  unit  being  the  smallest  identifiable  group  of  assets  and  liabilities  that  generate 
cash inflows independent from other assets. Exploration and evaluation assets are each separately 
assessed  for  impairment,  and  are  not  allocated  by  the  Corporation  to  a  cash  generating  unit 
(“CGU”)  for  impairment  assessment  purposes.  “Fair  value  less  cost  of  disposal”  is  determined  as 
the amount that would be obtained from the sale of the asset or cash-generating unit in an arm’s 
length  transaction  between  knowledgeable  and  willing  parties.    In  assessing  “value-in-use”,  the 
future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of the asset or cash-generating unit in 
its  present  form  are  estimated  using  assumptions  that  an  independent  market  participant  would 
consider appropriate, and are then discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate 
that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset 
or unit. 

Where  conditions  that  gave  rise  to  a  recognized  impairment  loss  are  subsequently  reversed,  the 
amount  of  such  reversal  is  recognized  into  earnings  immediately,  though  is  limited  such  that  the 

 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

revised carrying amount of the asset or cash-generating unit does not exceed the carrying amount 
that  would  have  been  determined  had  no  impairment  loss  been  recognized  for  the  asset  or  cash 
generating unit. 

(h) 

Provisions 

General 

Provisions  are  recorded  when  a  present  legal  or  constructive  obligation  exists  as  a  result  of  past 
events,  where  it  is  probable  that  an  outflow  of  resources  embodying  economic  benefits  will  be 
required  to  settle  the  obligation  and  a  reliable  estimate  of  the  amount  of  the  obligation  can  be 
made. 

The  expense  relating  to  any  provision  is  presented  in  profit  or  loss  net  of  any  reimbursement.  
Provisions are discounted using a current risk-free pre-tax rate that reflects where appropriate the 
risks  specific  to  the  liability.  Where  discounting  is  used,  the  increase  in  the  provision  due  to  the 
passage of time is recognized as a finance cost. 

Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Provision 

The  Corporation  recognizes  a  decommissioning  and  rehabilitation  provision  for  statutory, 
contractual,  constructive  or  legal  obligations  to  undertake  reclamation  and  closure  activities 
associated  with  property,  plant,  equipment  and  mineral  properties,  generally  at  the  time  that  an 
environmental  or  other  site  disturbance  occurs  or  a  constructive  obligation  for  reclamation  and 
closure  activities  is  determined.  When  the  extent  of  disturbance  increases  over  the  life  of  an 
operation, the provision is increased accordingly. Provisions are measured at the present value of 
the expected future expenditures required to settle the obligation, using a risk-free pre-tax discount 
rate reflecting the time value of money and risks specific to the liability. The liability is increased for 
the passage of time, and adjusted for changes to the current market-based risk-free discount rate 
as  well  as  changes  in  the  estimated  amount  or  timing  of  the  expected  future  expenditures.  The 
associated restoration costs are capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the related asset and 
then depreciated accordingly. 

(i) 

Revenue Recognition 

Revenue  from  environmental  services  are  recognized  upon  the  transfer  of  promised  services  or 
goods based on the output appropriate to the particular service contract and when a customer has 
the  ability  to  direct  the  use  and  obtain  the  benefits  from  the  service  or  good.  The  Corporation 
provides  environmental  services  related  to  permitting  and  remediation  activities,  generally  in  the 
mining industry, as well provide engineering, design, construction and operational services related 
to water treatment systems. The Corporation  identifies the performance obligations in the contract, 
and  the  obligations  are  measured  by  reference  to  the  transaction  price.  The  transaction  price  is 
established  in  the  agreement  as  either  a  fixed  price  or  rate  per  hour.  If  the  contract  has  multiple 
performance  obligations,  the  Corporation  will  assign  the  transaction  price  to  the  various 
performance obligations. The stand-alone selling price for services identified within the contract are 
determined  based  on  detailed  billing  schedules  included  within  the  underlying  contract  with  the 
customer or based on comparable projects where relevant. Generally, performance obligations for 
environmental  services  are  satisfied  over  time  as  the  service  is  provided.  Revenue  is  recognized 
using  the  input  method  with  the  inputs  being  costs  incurred  on  related  projects.  The  general 
payment  terms  are  30  to  60  days  once  the  performance  obligations  have  been  satisfied.  Typical 
payments are received 30 days after the invoice has been received by the client. 

Management will assess and use significant judgement to determine whether the Corporation has 
promised  to  provide  the  specified  good  and  service  itself  (as  a  principal)  or  to  arrange  for  those 
specified goods or services to be provided by another party (as an agent). In those arrangements 
where the Corporation obtains control of the specified good or service before they are transferred 
to  the  customer,  they  will  be  deemed  to  act  as  a  principal.  In  those  arrangements  were  the 
Corporation  is  deemed  to  be  the  principal,  the  Corporation  will  recognize  as  revenue  the  “gross” 
amount paid by the customer for the specified good or service. If the Corporation acts an agent, it 

 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

will record revenue as the net consideration that it retains for the specified good or service that was 
provided to the customer. 

(j) 

Share-Based Compensation and Payments 

The  cost  of  incentive  share  options  and  other  equity-settled  share-based  compensation  and 
payment arrangements is recorded based on the estimated fair value at the grant date and charged 
to earnings over the vesting period. With respect to incentive share options, grant-date fair value is 
measured  using  the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model.  With  respect  to  restricted  share  units, 
grant-date fair value is determined by reference to the share price of the Corporation at the date of 
grant.    Where  share-based  compensation  awards  are  subject  to  vesting,  each  vesting  tranche  is 
considered  a  separate  award  with  its  own  vesting  period  and  grant-date  fair  value.  Share-based 
compensation  expense  is  recognized  over  the  tranche’s  vesting  period  by  a  charge  to  earnings, 
based  on  the  number  of  awards  expected  to  vest.  The  number  of  awards  expected  to  vest  is 
reviewed at least annually, with any impact being recognized immediately. 

(k) 

Flow-Through Shares 

The  proceeds  from  the  offering  of  flow-through  shares  are  allocated  between  the  shares  and  the 
sale  of  tax  benefits  when  the  shares  are  offered.  The  allocation  is  made  based  on  the  difference 
between  the  market  value  of  the  shares  and  the  amount  the  investors  pay  for  the  flow‐through 
shares. A liability is recognized for the premium paid by the investors and is then recognized in the 
results of operations in the period the eligible exploration expenditures are incurred. 

(l) 

Warrants 

When the Corporation issues units that are comprised of a combination of shares and warrants, the 
value is assigned to shares and  warrants based on their relative fair values. The fair value of the 
shares  is  determined  by  the  closing  price  on  the  date  of  the  transaction  and  the  fair  value  of  the 
warrants is determined based on a Black-Scholes option pricing model. 

(m) 

Current and Deferred Income Taxes 

Income  tax  expense  comprises  current  and  deferred  income  taxes.  Current  and  deferred  income 
taxes are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that they relate to a business combination 
or to items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income. 

Current income taxes are the expected taxes payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss 
for  the  period,  using  tax  rates  enacted  or  substantively  enacted  at  the  reporting  date,  and  any 
adjustment to taxes payable in respect of previous periods. 

Deferred income taxes are recognized using the liability method, on temporary differences between 
the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used 
for  tax  purposes.  However,  deferred  income  taxes  are  not  recognized  if  they  arise  from  initial 
recognition  of  an  asset  or  liability  in  a  transaction  other  than  a  business  combination  that,  at  the 
time of the transaction, affects neither accounting nor taxable profit nor loss. Deferred income taxes 
are  determined  using  tax  rates  and  laws  that  have  been  enacted  or  substantively  enacted  at  the 
reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or 
the deferred income tax liability is settled. 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are presented as non-current in the financial statements. 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right of offset, 
and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on 
different tax entities but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their 
tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously. Deferred income tax assets are recognized 
to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the assets 
can be utilized. 

 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

(n) 

Translation of Foreign Currencies 

The financial statements of each entity in the group are measured using the currency of the primary 
economic environment in which each entity operates (the “functional currency”). The consolidated 
financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars. 

The  functional  currency  of  all  entities  in  the  Corporation  group  other  than  AWE  is  the  Canadian 
dollar, while the functional currency of AWE is the United States dollar. The financial statements of 
AWE are translated  into the  Canadian  dollar presentation  currency  using the current rate method 
as follows: 

  Assets and liabilities – at the closing rate at the date of the statement of financial position. 

 

Income and expenses – at the average rate of the period (as this is considered a reasonable 
approximation to actual rates). 

  All resulting changes are recognized in other comprehensive income as cumulative translation 

adjustments. 

When the settlement of a monetary item receivable from or payable to a foreign operation is neither 
planned  nor  likely  in  the  foreseeable  future,  foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  arising  from  the 
item are considered to form part of the net investment in a foreign operation and are recognized in 
other comprehensive income.  

When an entity disposes of its entire interest in a foreign operation, or loses control, joint control, or 
significant influence over a foreign operation, the foreign currency gains or losses accumulated in 
other comprehensive income related to the foreign operation are recognized in profit or loss. If an 
entity  disposes  of  part  of  an  interest  in  a  foreign  operation  which  remains  a  subsidiary,  a 
proportionate  amount  of  foreign  currency  gains  or  losses  accumulated  in  other  comprehensive 
income related to the subsidiary is reallocated between controlling and non-controlling interests. 

(o) 

Earnings or Loss Per Share 

Basic  earnings  per  share  is  calculated  by  dividing  the  net  income  (loss)  for  the  period  by  the 
weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. 

Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated using the treasury share method whereby all “in the 
money” options, warrants and equivalents are assumed to have been exercised at the beginning of 
the  period  and  the  proceeds  from  the  exercise  are  assumed  to  have  been  used  to  purchase 
common shares at the average market price during the period. 

(p) 

Financial Instruments 

Financial assets and financial liabilities, including derivative instruments, are initially recognized at 
fair value on the balance sheet when the Corporation becomes a party to the relevant contractual 
provisions.  Measurement 
instrument’s 
in  subsequent  periods  depends  on 
classification. 

financial 

the 

The Corporation classifies the financial instruments in the following categories: at fair value through 
profit  and  loss  (“FVTPL”),  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive  income  (“FVTOCI”)  or  at 
amortized cost. 

(i)  Classification 

The Corporation determines the classification of financial instruments at initial recognition. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Financial assets 

a)  Debt - The classification of debt instruments is driven by the Corporation’s business model for 
managing  the  financial  assets  and  the  relevant  contractual  cash  flow  characteristics.  A  debt 
instrument is measured at amortized cost if the objective of the business model is to hold the 
debt  instrument  for  the  collection  of  contractual  cash  flows,  and  the  asset's  contractual  cash 
flows are comprised solely of payments of principal and interest.  

b)  Equity  -  On  the  day  of  acquisition  the  Corporation  may  make  an  irrevocable  election  (on  an 
instrument-by-  instrument  basis)  to  designate  them  as  at  FVTOCI.  Investments  in  common 
shares are held for longterm strategic purposes and not for trading. Upon the adoption of IFRS 
9,  the  Company  made  an  irrevocable  election  to  designate  these  investments  as  FVTOCI  in 
order  to  provide  a  more  meaningful  presentation  based  on  management’s  intention,  rather 
than reflecting changes in fair value in net income. 

Financial liabilities 

Financial  liabilities  are  measured  at  amortized  cost;  unless  they  are  required  to  be  measured  at 
FVTPL  (such  as  instruments  held  for  trading  or  derivatives)  or  the  Corporation  has  opted  to 
measure at FVTPL. 

(ii)  Measurement 

Financial assets and liabilities at FVTPL 

Financial assets and liabilities at FVTPL are initially recognized at fair value and transaction costs 
are  expensed  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  income  (loss).  Realized  and  unrealized  gains  and 
losses arising from changes in the fair value of the financial assets or liabilities held at FVTPL are 
included  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  income  (loss)  in  the  period  in  which  they  occur.  Where 
the Corporation has opted to designate a financial liability at FVTPL, any changes associated with 
our own credit risk will be recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”). 

Financial assets at FVTOCI 

Investments in equity  instruments at FVTOCI are initially  recognized at fair value plus transaction 
costs. Subsequently, the investments are measured at fair value, with gains and losses arising from 
changes from initial recognition recognized in OCI. 

Financial assets and liabilities at amortized cost 

Financial  assets  and  liabilities  at  amortized  cost  are  initially  recognized  at  fair  value  net  of 
transaction costs, and subsequently carried at amortized cost adjusted by any impairment. 

Derivative financial instruments 

When the Corporation enters into derivative contracts, these are intended to reduce the exposures 
related to assets and liabilities, or forecast transactions. Derivatives are classified as FVTPL. 

Derivatives embedded in financial liabilities are treated as separate derivatives when their risks and 
characteristics  are  not  closely  related  to  the  host  contracts.  However,  the  classification  approach 
described  above  is  applied  to  all  financial  assets,  including  those  that  contain  embedded 
derivatives, without the need to separate the embedded derivative from the host contract.  

(iii)  Impairment of financial assets 

Impairment of financial assets at amortized cost 

The Corporation recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial assets that are 
measured at amortized cost.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

The Corporation is applying the simplified method for trade receivables and is calculating expected 
credit losses at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit loss.  

Impairment losses on financial assets carried at amortized cost are reversed in subsequent periods 
if the expected credit losses are reversed after the impairment was recognized. 

(iv)  Derecognition 

Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities 

Financial assets are derecognized  when the investments mature or are  sold, and substantially  all 
the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred. A financial liability is derecognized when 
the  obligation  under  the  liability  is  discharged,  canceled  or  expired.  Gains  and  losses  on 
derecognition  are  recognized  within  finance  income  and  finance  costs,  respectively.  Gains  or 
losses on equity financial assets designated as FVTOCI remain within accumulated OCI. 

(v)  Fair value of financial instruments 

The  fair  values  of  quoted  investments  are  based  on  current  prices.  If  the  market  for  a  financial 
asset  is  not  active,  the  Corporation  establishes  fair  value  by  using  valuation  techniques.  These 
include  the  use  of  recent  arm’s  length  transactions,  reference  to  other  instruments  that  are 
substantially the same, discounted cash flow analysis, and option pricing models refined to reflect 
the financial asset’s specific circumstances. 

(q) 

Fair Value Measurement 

Where fair value is used to measure assets and liabilities in preparing these financial statements, it 
is estimated at the price at which an orderly transaction to sell the asset or to transfer the liability 
would  take  place  between  market  participants  at  the  measurement  date  under  current  market 
conditions.  Fair values are determined from inputs that are classified within the fair value hierarchy 
defined under IFRS as follows: 

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities 
Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the 

asset or liability, either directly or indirectly 
Level 3 – Inputs for the asset or liability that are unobservable 

(r) 

Goodwill 

The  Corporation  recognizes  goodwill  relating  to  a  business  combination  when  the  total  purchase 
price  exceeds  the  fair  value  of  the  identifiable  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  acquired  business. 
Goodwill is tested annually for impairment of when there is an indication that the goodwill may be 
impaired. Any impairment is recognized as an expense immediately. Should there be a recovery in 
value, there is no reversal of previous impairments of Goodwill. 

4. 

New and Revised Accounting Standards 

New accounting standard not yet effective 

A new standard has been issued and is relevant to the Corporation but is not yet effective and therefore not 
reflected in these consolidated financial statements: 

IFRS  16  relates  to  accounting  for  leases  and  lease  obligations.    It  replaces  the  existing  lease  guidance  in 
IAS  17,  Leases.    The  purpose  of  the  new  standard  is  to  report  all  leases  on  the  statement  of  financial 
position and to define how leases and lease obligations are measured. IFRS 16 is effective from January 1, 
2019  and  must  be  applied  retrospectively,  subject  to  certain  practical  expedients,  using  either  a  full 
retrospective approach or modified retrospective approach. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

The Corporation is currently  involved in various lease  obligations as part of its normal course of business. 
IFRS 16 applies a control model to the identification of leases, distinguishing between a lease and a service 
contract on the basis of whether the customer controls the asset being leased. For those assets determined 
to meet the definition of a lease, IFRS 16 introduces significant changes to the accounting by lessees.  All 
leases  will  be  recorded  on  the  statement  of  financial  position,  except  short-term  leases  and  low-value 
leases.  This is expected to result in a material increase in both rights of use assets and lease liabilities upon 
adoption of the standard,  and changes to the timing of recognition and classification of expenses associated 
to such lease arrangements. The Corporation anticipates an increase in cash flow from operating activities 
as  lease  payments  will  be  recorded  as  financing  outflows  in  the  statement  of  cash  flows. The  Corporation 
also anticipates an increase in depreciation and finance expenses and a decrease in operating expenses.   

The  Corporation  plans  to  adopt  the  modified  retrospective  approach  and  not  restate  balances  for  the 
comparative  period.    On  initial  adoption,  the  Corporation  has  elected  to  use  the  following  practical 
expedients permitted under the standard: 

  Apply a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics; 
  Account for leases with a remaining term of less than twelve (12) months as at January 1, 2019 as 

short-term leases; and 

  Account  for  lease  payments  as  an  expense  and  not  recognize  a  right-of-use  (“ROU”)  asset  if  the 

underlying asset is of low dollar value. 

On  adoption  of  IFRS  16,  the  Corporation  will  recognize  lease  liabilities  in  relation  to  leases  under  the 
principles of the new standard measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted 
using the interest rate implicit in the lease or the Corporation’s incremental borrowing rate as at January 1, 
2019. The associated ROU assets will be measured at the amount equal to the lease liability on January 1, 
2019.  The  Corporation  has  completed  its  review  of  all  existing  operating  leases  and  service  contracts  to 
identify contracts in scope for IFRS 16 and assessed contracts for embedded leases.  Adoption of the new 
standard  is  expected  to  result  in  the  recognition  of  additional  lease  liabilities  and  ROU  assets  of 
approximately $1,000,000 each. 

There  are  no  other  IFRS’s  or  International  Financial  Reporting  Interpretations  Committee  (“IFRIC”) 
interpretations that are not yet effective that are expected to have a material impact on the Corporation. 

5. 

Critical Judgements and Major Sources of Estimation Uncertainty 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to select accounting policies 
and  make  estimates  and  judgments  that  may  have  a  significant  impact  on  the  consolidated  financial 
statements.  Estimates  are  continuously  evaluated  and  are  based  on  management’s  experience  and 
expectations  of  future  events  that  are  believed  to  be  reasonable  under  the  circumstances.    The  estimates 
management  makes  in  this  regard  include  those  regarding  future  commodity  prices  and  foreign  currency 
exchange  rates,  which  are  an  important  component  of  several  estimates  and  assumptions  management 
must  make  in  preparing  the  financial  statements,  including  but  not  limited  to  estimations  and  assumptions 
regarding  the  evaluation  of  the  carrying  amount  of  mineral  properties  and  other  assets,  the  estimation  of 
decommissioning and rehabilitation provisions, the estimation of revenues and the value of the embedded 
derivative  related  to  sales  of  concentrate,  and  the  estimation  of  the  net  realizable  value  of  inventories. 
Management bases its estimates of future commodity prices and foreign currency exchange rates primarily 
on  consensus  investment  analyst  forecasts,  which  are  tracked  and  updated  as  published  on  generally  a 
quarterly basis. Actual outcomes can differ from these estimates.  

The most significant judgments and estimates made by management in preparing the Corporation’s financial 
statements are described as follows: 

  Mineral Resources 

The  determination  of  the  Corporation’s  estimated  mineral  resources  by  appropriately  qualified 
persons  requires  significant  judgements  regarding  the  interpretation  of  complex  geological  and 
engineering data including the size, depth, shape and nature of the deposit and anticipated plans 
for  mining,  as  well  as  estimates  of  future  commodity  prices,  foreign  exchange  rates,  capital 
requirements  and  production  costs.  These  mineral  resource  estimates  are  used  in  many 
determinations required to prepare the Corporation’s financial statements, including evaluating the 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

recoverability of the carrying amount of its non-current non-financial assets and estimating amounts 
of future taxable income in determining whether to record a deferred tax asset.  

 

Impairment and Impairment Reversals of Non-Current Non-Financial Assets 

The Corporation reviews and evaluates the carrying value of each of its non-current non-financial 
assets for impairment and impairment reversals when events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that  the  carrying  amounts  of  the  related  asset  may  not  be  recoverable  or  previous  impairment 
losses may become recoverable. The identification of such events or changes and the performance 
of the assessment requires significant judgment. Furthermore, management’s estimates of many of 
the  factors  relevant  to  completing  this  assessment,  including  commodity  prices,  foreign  currency 
exchange  rates,  mineral  resources,  and  operating,  capital  and  reclamation  costs,  are  subject  to 
risks and estimation uncertainties that may further affect the determination of the recoverability of 
the carrying amounts of its non-current non-financial assets. 

Management has assessed indicators of impairment and impairment reversals on the Corporation’s 
non-current  non-financial  assets  and  has  concluded  that  no  impairment  or  impairment  reversal 
indicators exists as of December 31, 2018. 

  Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Provision 

Management’s  determination  of  the  Corporation’s  decommissioning  and  rehabilitation  provision  is 
based  on  the  reclamation  and  closure  activities  it  anticipates  as  being  required,  the  additional 
contingent mitigation measures it identifies as potentially being required and its assessment of the 
likelihood of such contingent measures being required, and its estimate of the probable costs and 
timing  of  such  activities  and  measures.  Significant  judgements  must  be  made  when  determining 
such reclamation and closure activities and measures required and potentially required. 

  Mineral Properties - Silver Stream Arrangement 

Upon  entering  into  a  long-term  streaming  arrangement  linked  to  production  at  operations, 
Management’s  judgment  was  required  in  assessing  the  appropriate  accounting  treatment  for  the 
transaction  on  the  closing  date  and  in  future  periods.  We  consider  the  specific  terms  of  the 
arrangement to determine whether we have disposed of an interest in the reserves and resources 
of the operation or executed some other form of arrangement. This assessment considers what the 
counterparty is entitled to and the associated risks and rewards attributable to them over the life of 
the operation. These include the contractual terms related to the total production over the life of the 
arrangement  as  compared  to  the  expected  production  over  the  life  of  the  mine,  the  percentage 
being  sold,  the  percentage  of  payable  metals  produced,  the  commodity  price  referred  to  in  the 
ongoing payment and any guarantee relating to the upfront payment if production ceases. 

 

Fair value of derivatives 

The fair values of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market are determined using 
valuation  techniques.  Management  uses  its  judgment  to  select  a  method  of  valuation  and  makes 
estimates of specific model inputs that are based on conditions existing at the end of each reporting 
period.  Refer  to  Note  15  for  further  details  on  the  methods  and  assumptions  associated  with  the 
measurement  of  the  embedded  derivative  within  the  Silver  Streaming  Interest.  Management  has 
applied judgement in concluding that the completion test as discussed in Note 15 will be met prior 
to December 31, 2020 or extended to a later date, therefore the capacity related refund is not likely 
to be owed to Wheaton Precious Metals Corp. 

6. 

Impacts of Change in Accounting Policy and Adoption of New IFRS Pronouncements  

The  Corporation  has  adopted  the  new  IFRS  pronouncements  listed  below  as  at  January  1,  2018,  in 
accordance with the transitional provisions outlined in the respective standards and described below. In light 
of the changes to the revenue standard to IFRS 15, management has changed their treatment under IFRS 6 
for the partial distribution of the mineral interest.  

 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Adjustments to Consolidated Financial Statements 

The  table  below  summarizes  the  adjustments  to  previously  reported  figures  related  to  the  policy  change 
pertaining to IFRS 6, which is more fully described below: 

Adjustments to Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets 

Equity before accounting changes  
   Adjustments to equity relating to: 
       Property plant and equipment 
       Mineral properties 
       Deferred income tax liabilities 
       Silver streaming interest 

December 31 
2017 

January 1 
2017 

$          100,060 

$           90,673 

2,117 
(10,229) 
2,390 
18,118 

2,283 
(10,229) 
1,440 
18,118 

  Equity after accounting changes 

$          112,456 

$          102,285 

Adjustments to Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss and Comprehensive Loss  

Loss before accounting changes  
   Adjustments to loss relating to: 
       Depreciation and amortization 

Year ended 
December 31 
2017 

Year ended 
January 1 
2017 

$          (7,648) 

$          (4,359) 

(165) 

(165) 

  Loss after accounting changes 

$          (7,813) 

$         ( 4,524) 

Loss per share before accounting changes: 
  Basic and diluted 
Loss per share after accounting changes: 
  Basic and diluted 

$            (0.08) 

$            (0.04) 

$            (0.09) 

$            (0.05) 

The Corporation has assessed the impact of IFRS 15 on its silver streaming arrangement with Wheaton, as 
described in Note 15.  At the date the initial transaction was completed, the Corporation determined that the 
contract  was  a  disposal  of  part  of  a  mineral  interest  and  a  related  contract  to  provide  extraction 
services.  Under  its  existing  policy,  the  Corporation  applies  the  provisions  of  IFRS  6,  which  allows  for  an 
accounting  policy  choice  to  either  apply  the  proceeds  received  as  a  credit  to  the  carrying  value  of  the 
exploration and evaluation (“E&E”) asset, or account for the transaction as a partial sale, with deferral of the 
gain,  to  be  recognized  on  a  units-of-production  sold  basis.  Upon  the  effective  date  of  IFRS  15,  the 
Corporation will continue to apply IFRS 6 guidance for the partial sale of the mineral interest, but has elected 
to  change  the  policy  to  apply  the  proceeds  received  as  a  credit  to  the  carrying  value  of  the  E&E  asset.  
Management believes this approach to be more relevant and reliable.   

Specifically, the USD $50,000,000 initial deposit recorded as consideration was applied against the carrying 
value of the mineral interest, with a gain being recognized to the extent that the value of the consideration 
exceeds the value of the mineral interest. 

Overview of Changes to IFRS 

The Corporation adopted IFRS 15 on January 1, 2018 in accordance with the transitional provisions of the 
standard, applying a modified retrospective approach in restating our prior period financial information. 

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers deals with revenue recognition and establishes principles 
for  reporting  useful  information  to  users  of  financial  statements  about  the  nature,  amount,  timing  and 
uncertainty  of  revenue  and  cash  flows  arising  from  an  entity’s  contracts  with  customers.  Revenue  is 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

recognized when a customer obtains control of a good or service and thus has the ability to direct the use 
and  obtain  the  benefits  from  the  good  or  service.  The  standard  replaces  IAS  18,  Revenue  and  IAS  11, 
Construction  contracts  and  related  interpretations.  Management’s  primary  focus  was  evaluating  contracts 
under our Environmental Services business, as this is currently the Corporation’s primary source of revenue.  
Based on this analysis, the Corporation does not have significant changes to the timing and amount of its 
revenue  recognition  related  to    environmental  services  under  IFRS  15,  as  the  majority  of  its  contracts 
contain    a  series  of  same  or  similar  performance  obligations.  Consequently,  consistent  with  the 
Corporation’s existing policy, revenue is recognized “over time”, as the services are provided. 

IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, addresses the classification, measurement and recognition of financial assets 
and  financial  liabilities.  It  replaces  the  guidance  in  IAS  39,  Financial  Instruments:  Recognition  and 
Measurement that relate to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. IFRS 9 retains but 
simplifies  the  mixed  measurement  model  and  establishes  three  primary  measurement  categories  for 
financial assets: amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income and fair value through profit 
or  loss.  The  basis  of  classification  depends  on  the  entity’s  business  model  for  managing  its  financial 
instruments  and  the  contractual  cash  flow  characteristics  of  the  instrument.  For  financial  liabilities,  the 
standard retains most of the IAS 39 requirements. The main change for liabilities is that, in cases where the 
fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change due to an entity’s own credit 
risk  is  recorded  in  OCI  rather  than  in  net  earnings.  There  was  no  change  in  the  carrying  amounts  on  the 
basis of their measurement categories or a measurement attribute on transition. The Corporation has made 
the irrevocable classification choice to record fair value changes on its equity investments in OCI (Note 24). 
This election resulted in a nil reclassification from the Corporation’s retained earnings to AOCI, on January 
1, 2018. 

Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables. While the Corporation is exposed to 
credit  losses  due  to  the  non-performance  of  its  counterparties,  there  are  no  significant  concentrations  of 
credit risk and the Corporation does not consider this to be a material risk. The Corporations customers with 
whom the current business operations are with include government bodies and reputable businesses. 

The Corporation has implemented a  process for managing  expected credit loss provisions related to trade 
receivables  going  forward  under  IFRS  9.  For  its  trade  receivables,  the  Corporation  applies  the  simplified 
approach  for  determining  expected  credit  losses,  which  require  the  Corporation  to  determine  the  lifetime, 
expected  losses  for  all  its  trade  receivables.  The  expected  lifetime  credit  loss  provision  for  its  trade 
receivables  is  based  on  historical  counterparty  default  rates  and  adjusted  for  relevant  forward  looking 
information, when required. Because of factors including that the majority of its customers are considered to 
have low default risk and the Corporation does not extend credit to customers  with a high default risk, the 
historical  default  rates  are  low  and  the  lifetime  expected  credit  loss  allowance  for  trade  receivables  is 
nominal as at December 31, 2018. Accordingly, the Corporation did not record any adjustment relating to the 
implementation of the expected credit loss model for its trade receivables. 

The  Corporation  has  assessed  the  classification  and  measurement  of  our  financial  assets  and  financial 
liabilities  under  IFRS  9  and  have  summarized  the  original  measurement  categories  under  IAS  39  and  the 
new measurement categories under IFRS 9 in the following table: 

Original classification 
 IAS 39 

New classification 
 IFRS 9 

Financial Assets 

Cash and cash equivalents  Amortized cost 

Short-term deposits 

Amortized cost 

Equity securities 

Available-for-sale 

Warrants 

FVTPL 

Trade accounts receivable  Amortized cost 

Other receivables 

Derivative assets 

Restricted cash 

Financial Liabilities 

Amortized cost 

FVTPL 

Amortized cost 

Amortized cost 

Amortized cost 

Amortized cost 

FVTOCI 

FVTPL 

Amortized cost 

Amortized cost 

FVTPL 

 
 
 
 
  
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Trade and other payables 

Amortized cost 

Amortized cost 

Derivative liabilities 

FVTPL 

FVTPL 

7. 

Acquisition of Contango Strategies Ltd. 

On June 15, 2018 the Corporation’s wholly owned subsidiary, AEG, completed the acquisition of Contango Strategies 
Ltd.  (“Contango”),  a  private  Corporation  based  in  Saskatoon,  Saskatchewan.  The  acquisition  of  Contango  is 
considered a business combination under IFRS 3. 

Contango  has  developed  technologies  beneficial  to  the  Corporation  with  synergies  formed  that  will  allow  the 
Corporation  to  pursue  new  opportunities.  AEG  acquired  100%  of  the  outstanding  common  shares  of  Contango  in 
exchange for consideration of $1,388,000 comprising $971,600 in cash and 237,999 common shares of Alexco at a 
value  of  $416,400.  The  common  shares  were  valued  at  $1.75 per  share  reflecting  the  market  price  on  the  date  of 
issuance.  Settlement  of  the  consideration  is  in  two  tranches  with  $1,018,000  (comprising  $601,600  in  cash  and 
$416,400 in Alexco common shares) having been paid on closing with the remaining $370,000 cash payment to be 
made on the first anniversary of the closing of the transaction. The acquisition includes all of Contango’s operations 
including $450,000 in working capital and property, plant and equipment.  

Acquisition  related  costs  in  the  amount  of  $28,000  were  incurred  and  have  been  recognized  as  an  expense  in  the 
consolidated statement of loss, as part of other expenses. 

Goodwill of $550,000 is recognized and is primarily related to growth expectation, expected future profitability and the 
substantial skill and expertise of Contango’s employees. Goodwill is reflected on the Balance Sheet under intangible 
assets and is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.   

The allocation of the purchase price is preliminary and may vary based upon the completion of additional valuation 
procedures and finalization of working capital adjustments pursuant to the purchase agreement. 

The date of the acquisition for accounting purposes is June 15, 2018 being the closing date of the share purchase 
agreement and the date the consideration was settled. The preliminary allocation of the purchase price of Contango 
based on management’s estimate of fair values is as follows: 

Fair value of consideration  
   Amount settled in cash 
   Fair value of common shares issued 
   Fair value of cash to be settled in one year 
Total fair value of consideration  

Fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Contango:   
   Cash and cash equivalents 
   Accounts and other receivables    
   Inventory 
   Prepaid expenses 
   Property, plant and equipment 
   Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

   Net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed 

Goodwill on acquisition 

Net cash outflow on acquisition 

Acquisition costs charged to expenses 

$           602 
416 
370 
$        1,388 

66 
618 
102 
54 
333 
(335) 
$            838 

$            550 

$            536 

$              28 

Below  is  a  proforma  summary  of  the  revenues,  cost  of  sales  and  net  income  (loss)  incurred  by  Contango  for  the 
period  January  1,  2018  to  June  14,  2018  combined  with  the  revenue,  cost  of  sales  and  net  loss  for  Alexco  for  the 
year ended December 31, 2018. Revenue since the date of acquisition was $1.4 million: 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Selected Financial Information 

Contango 
Strategies Ltd. 

Alexco Resource 
Corp. 

Proforma 
Combined 
Entities 

For the period 
January 1, 2018 
to June 14, 2018 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2018  

For the year 
ended December 
31, 2018 

Environmental services revenue 

$     1,162 

$  19,880 

$      21,042 

Costs of sales and other expenses 

   Net income (loss)  

1,026 

$        136 

28,381 

29,407 

$  (8,501) 

$    (8,365) 

8. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash at bank and on hand 
Short-term bank deposits 

9. 

Accounts and Other Receivables 

Trade receivables 1 
Interest and other 

December 31 
2018 

December 31 
2017 

$           3,629 
4,947 

$           6,019 
11,887 

$         8,576 

$         17,906 

December 31 
2018 

$          6,689 
122 

$          6,811

December 31 
2017 

$          1,988 
98 

$          2,086

1.  Trade receivables are derived primarily from the environmental consulting business (AEG). 

10. 

Restricted Cash and Deposits 

Security for decommissioning obligations 
Security for remediation services agreement 
Other 

Restricted cash and deposits 

Less: current portion 

December 31 
2018 

December 31 
2017 

$          2,569 
- 
156 

$          6,507 
499 
86 

2,725 

- 

7,092 

499 

$          2,725 

$          6,593 

Security  for  decommissioning  obligations  of  $2,569,000  as  at  December  31,  2018  (December  31,  2017  - 
$6,507,000)  includes  cash  collateral  and  a  surety  bond  representing  security  for  future  reclamation  and 
closure activities for the Bellekeno, Bermingham, Flame  & Moth, Lucky Queen and Onek deposits. During 
the  second  quarter  of  2018,  security  in  the  amount  of  $6,305,000  was  replaced  with  a  surety  bond 
collateralized  with  $2,364,191,  with  the  balance  of  $3,940,809  being  reclassified  as  unrestricted  cash  and 
cash equivalents.  The remaining security under a remediation services agreement was released back to the 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Corporation  in  the  amount  of  $499,000  (US$398,000)  in  2018  as  the  Corporation  had  satisfied  the 
requirements under that agreement. 

11. 

Investments 

Common shares held 
Warrants held 

Investments 
Less: current portion 

December 31 
2018 

December 31 
2017 

$           736 
24 

           760 
351 

$            673 
1,082 

           1,755 
728 

$           409 

$         1,027 

As of December 31, 2018, the Corporation held 8,736,644 common shares of Banyan Gold Corp. (“Banyan”) 
(December 31, 2017 – 4,775,000) and 1,320,500 common shares of Golden Predator Mining Corp. (“Golden 
Predator”) (December 31, 2017 – 300,000). As of December 31, 2018, the Corporation also held 6,155,822 
warrants of Banyan (December 31, 2017 – 4,375,000) with an exercise price ranging from $0.115 to $0.15 
and 300,000 warrants of Golden Predator (December 31, 2017 – 1,425,000) with an exercise price of $1.00 
per share. 

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Corporation recorded a pre-tax loss on investments in the 
amount  of  the  $572,000  (2017  –  pre  tax  gain  of  $1,341,000). The  loss  on  investments  for  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2018  consisted  of  a  fair  value  measurement  adjustment  on  warrants  held  in  Banyan  and 
Golden  Predator,  through  the  statement  of  loss.  During  the  year,  the  Corporation  also  recorded  in  other 
comprehensive  income  a  fair  value  adjustment  loss  adjustment,  net  of  tax  of  $798,000  (2017  –  fair  value 
gain adjustment of  $253,000) on common shares held in Banyan and Golden Predator. 

12. 

Inventories 

Ore in stockpiles and mill supplies 
Materials and supplies 

Inventory 

Less: current portion 

December 31 
2018 

December 31 
2017 

$          4,699 
818 

$          4,743 
646 

5,517 

818 

5,389 

646 

$          4,699 

$          4,743 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

13. 

Property, Plant and Equipment 

Cost 

December 31, 2017 
(restated – note 6) 
Additions (includes 

business 
combinations) 
Decommission 

change in estimate 

Land and 
Buildings 

Camp, 
Roads, and 
Other Site 

Ore 
Processing 
Mill 

Heavy 
Machinery 
and 
Equipment 

Leasehold 
Improvements 
& Other 

Total 

$         1,709 

$         5,343 

$        22,749 

$         8,475 

$         1,335 

$       39,611 

- 

- 

226 

- 

- 

85 

837 

- 

168 

1,231 

- 

85 

December 31, 2018 

$         1,709 

$         5,569 

$        22,834 

$         9,312 

$         1,503 

$       40,927 

Accumulated 
Depreciation 

Land and 
Buildings 

Camp, Roads, 
and Other Site 

Ore 
Processing 
Mill 

Heavy 
Machinery 
and 
Equipment 

Leasehold 
Improvements 
& Other 

Total 

December 31, 2017 
(restated – note 6) 
Depreciation (includes 

business 
combinations) 

Disposal 

$         351 

$         4,692 

$         10,270 

$         6,767 

$         1,275 

$         23,355 

78 

- 

177 

1,178 

- 

- 

766 

- 

140 

2,339 

- 

- 

December 31, 2018 

$         429 

$         4,869  $         11,448 

$         7,533 

$         1,415 

$         25,694 

Land and 
Buildings 

Camp, Roads, 
and Other Site 

Ore 
Processing 
Mill 

Heavy 
Machinery 
and 
Equipment 

Leasehold 
Improvements 
& Other 

Total 

$         1,358 

$          651 

$       12,479 

$         1,708 

$            60 

$       16,256 

Net book Value 

December 31, 2017 
(restated – note 6) 

December 31, 2018 

$         1,280 

$          700 

$       11,386 

$         1,779 

$            88 

$       15,233 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  the  Corporation  recorded  total  depreciation  of  property,  plant 
and  equipment  of  $2,339,000  (2017  –  $1,993,000)  of  which  $1,964,000  (2017  –  $1,728,000)  has  been 
charged  to  income  with  $85,000  (2017  –  $142,000)  recorded  in  environmental  services  cost  of  sales  and 
$1,879,000 (2017 – $1,586,000) reflected under general expenses and mine site care and maintenance. 

Of  the  depreciation  recorded  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  $375,000  (2017  –  $265,000)  were 
related to  property,  plant and equipment  used  in  exploration  activities and has been capitalized to mineral 
properties. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

14. 

Mineral Properties 

December 31 
2017 
      (restated – note 6)

Expenditures 
Incurred 

December 31 
2018 

Mineral Properties 
Keno Hill District Properties  

Bellekeno 
Lucky Queen 
Onek 
McQuesteni 
Silver King 
Flame & Moth 
Bermingham 
Elsa Tailings 

        Other Keno Hill Properties 

$         6,885 
693 
1,034 
1,997 
4,464 
22,455 
23,376 
884 
2,799 

$         238 
131 
31 
- 
- 
5,856 
8,708 
- 
2,675 

$         7,123 
824 
1,065 
1,997 
4,464 
28,311 
32,084 
884 
5,474 

Total 

$      64,587 

$      17,639 

$      82,226 

Mineral Properties 
Keno Hill District Properties  

Bellekeno 
Lucky Queen 
Onek 
McQuesteni 
Silver King 
Flame & Moth 
Bermingham 
Elsa Tailings 

        Other Keno Hill Properties 

December 31 

 2016   

(restated – note 6) 

Expenditures 
Incurred 

December 31 
2017 
(restated - note 6) 

$         6,809 
563 
1,018 
1,924 
4,464 
21,966 
15,193 
884 
2,799 

$         76 
130 
16 
73 
- 
489 
8,183 
- 
- 

$         6,885 
693 
1,034 
1,997 
4,464 
22,455 
23,376 
884 
2,799 

Total 
(i)  Effective May 24, 2017, the Corporation entered into an Option Agreement with Banyan Gold Corp. (“Banyan”) to option up 
to 100% the McQuesten property. In three stages, Banyan may earn up to 100% of the McQuesten property, by incurring a 
minimum  $2,600,000  in  exploration  expenditures  ($717,000  incurred  to  December  31,  2018),  issue  1,600,000  shares 
(800,000 shares received to December 31, 2018), pay a total of $2,600,000 in cash or shares and grant Alexco a 6% net 
smelter  return  (“NSR”)  royalty  with  buybacks  totalling  $7,000,000  to  reduce  to  a  1%  NSR  royalty  on  gold  and  3%  NSR 
royalty on silver.  

$      64,587 

$      55,620 

$      8,967 

December 31, 2018 

Cost 
Accumulated depletion and write-downs 
Net book value 

December 31, 2017 (restated – note 6) 

Cost  
Accumulated depletion and write-downs  
Net book value  

(a) 

Keno Hill District Properties 

Mining 
Operations 
Properties 

Exploration and 
Evaluation 
Properties 

$    99,472 
(90,459) 
$      9,013 

$    99,071 
(90,459) 
$      8,612 

$      73,213 
- 
$      73,213 

$      55,975 
- 
$      55,975 

Total 

$    172,685 
(90,459) 
$      82,226 

$    155,046 
(90,459) 
$      64,587 

The  Corporation’s  mineral  interest  holdings  in  the  Keno  Hill  District,  located  in  Canada’s  Yukon 
Territory, are comprised of a number of properties. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

The  majority  of  the  Corporation’s  mineral  rights  within  the  Keno  Hill  District  were  purchased  from 
the  interim  receiver  of  United  Keno  Hill  Mines  Limited  and  UKH  Minerals  Limited  (collectively, 
“UKHM”)  in  2006  and  are  held  by  ERDC.  As  a  condition  of  that  purchase,  a  separate  agreement 
was  entered  into  between  Alexco,  ERDC,  the  Government  of  Canada  and  the  Government  of 
Yukon  (the  “Subsidiary  Agreement”),  under  which  the  Government  of  Canada  indemnified  ERDC 
and  Alexco  from  and  against  all  liabilities  arising  directly  or  indirectly  from  the  pre-existing 
environmental  condition  of  the  former  UKHM  mineral  rights.  The  Subsidiary  Agreement  also 
provided  that  ERDC  may  bring  any  mine  into  production  on  the  former  UKHM  mineral  rights  by 
designating  a  production  unit  from  the  mineral  rights  relevant  to  that  purpose  and  then  assuming 
responsibility  for  all  costs  of  the  production  unit’s  water  related  care  and  maintenance  and  water 
related components of closure reclamation. 

Other  Subsidiary  Agreement  terms  unchanged  by  the  amended  and  restated  Subsidiary 
Agreement (“ARSA”) include that ERDC is required to pay into a separate reclamation trust a 1.5% 
net smelter return royalty, to an aggregate maximum of $4 million for all production units, from any 
future  production  from  the  former  UKHM  mineral  rights,  commencing  once  earnings  from  mining 
before  interest,  taxes  and  depreciation  exceed  actual  exploration  costs,  to  a  maximum  of  $6.2 
million,  plus  actual  development  and  construction  capital.    That  commencement  threshold  was 
achieved  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2013,  and  as  at  December  31,  2018  a  total  of 
$37,000 in such royalties had been paid.  Additionally, a portion of any future proceeds from sales 
of  the  acquired  UKHM  assets  must  also  be  paid  into  the  separate  reclamation  trust.  Also 
substantially  unchanged  by  the  ARSA  are  the  indemnification  of  pre-existing  conditions  and  the 
right  to  bring  any  mine  into  production  on  the  former  UKHM  mineral  rights.    The  rights  of  the 
Government of Canada under the Subsidiary Agreement and the ARSA are supported by a general 
security agreement over all of the assets of ERDC. 

The  ARSA  can  be  terminated  at  ERDC’s  election  should  a  closure  reclamation  plan  be  prepared 
but  not  accepted  and  approved,  and  at  the  Government’s  election  should  ERDC  be  declared  in 
default under the ARSA. 

(b) 

Mining Operations on care and maintenance 

The  Corporation’s  historical  mining  operations  reflected  production  from  one  mine,  Bellekeno,  a 
primary silver mine with lead, zinc and gold by-products. During the second quarter of 2013, both 
the Lucky Queen and Onek properties were reclassified from exploration and evaluation assets to 
mining operations assets as a result of the receipt of remaining operating permits, though neither 
property has as yet been placed into production. 

From September 2013, Bellekeno mining operations have been suspended in light of a low silver 
price environment.  

Keno Hill Royalty Encumbrances 

As noted above, under the Subsidiary Agreement and unchanged by the ARSA, the former UKHM 
mineral  rights  are  subject  to  a  1.5%  net  smelter  return  royalty,  to  an  aggregate  maximum  of  $4 
million for all production units. Certain of the Corporation’s non-UKHM mineral rights located within 
or proximal to the McQuesten property are subject to a net smelter return royalty ranging from 0.5% 
to  2%.  Certain  other  of  the  non-UKHM  mineral  rights  located  within  the  McQuesten  property  are 
subject to a separate net smelter return royalty of 2% all of which are incorporated under the Option 
Agreement  with  Banyan.  A  limited  number  of  the  Corporation’s  non-UKHM  mineral  rights  located 
throughout the remainder of the Keno Hill District are subject to net smelter return royalties ranging 
from 1% to 1.5%. 

 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

15. 

Embedded Derivative Asset and Silver Stream 

December 31 
2018 

December 31 
2017 
(restated – note 6) 

Embedded derivative asset – Beginning of year  

$         6,600 

$             - 

Embedded derivative asset - Addition 

Fair value adjustment 

- 

3,071 

6,600 

- 

Embedded derivative asset – End of year   

$          9,671 

$       6,600 

On  October  2,  2008  (with  subsequent  amendments  on  October  20,  2008,  December  10,  2008, 
December 22,  2009,  March  31,  2010,  January  15,  2013,  March  11,  2014  and  June  16,  2014),  the 
Corporation entered into a silver purchase agreement (the "SPA") with Wheaton under which Wheaton will 
receive 25% of the life of mine payable silver produced by the Corporation from its Keno Hill Silver District 
properties.  The  SPA  anticipated  that  the  initial  silver  deliveries  would  come  from  the  Bellekeno  property. 
Under the SPA, the Corporation received up-front deposit payments from Wheaton totaling US$50,000,000, 
and received further payments of the lesser of US$3.90 (increasing by 1% per annum after the third year of 
full  production)  and  the  prevailing  market  price  for  each  ounce  of  payable  silver  delivered,  if  as  and  when 
delivered.  After the initial 40 year term of the SPA, the Corporation is required to refund the balance of any 
advance payments received and not yet notionally reduced through silver deliveries. The Corporation would 
also  be  required  to  refund  the  balance  of  advance  payments  received  and  not  yet  reduced  if  Wheaton 
exercised  its  right  to  terminate  the  SPA  in  an  event  of  default  by  the  Corporation.  As  of  September  2013, 
Bellekeno mining operations were suspended in light of a low silver price environment. 

On  March  29,  2017  the  Corporation  and  Wheaton  amended  the  SPA  (the  “Amended  SPA,  such  that 
Wheaton will continue to receive 25% of the life of mine payable silver from the Keno Hill Silver District with 
a variable production payment based on monthly silver head grade and monthly silver spot price. The actual 
monthly  production  payment  from  Wheaton  will  be  determined  based  on  the  monthly  average  silver  head 
grade at the mill and the monthly average silver spot price, as determined by a grade and pricing curve with 
an upper ceiling grade of 1,400 grams per tonne (“g/t”) silver and price of US$25 per ounce of silver and a 
floor  grade  of  600  g/t  silver  and  price  of  US$13  per  ounce  of  silver.  Additional  terms  of  the  amendment 
include  a  date  for  completion  of  the  400  tonne  per  day  mine  and  mill  completion  test,  which  is  reset  to 
December  31,  2020.  If  the  completion  test  is  not  satisfied  by  December  31,  2020,  the  Corporation  will  be 
required to pay a capacity related refund to Wheaton in the maximum amount of US$8,788,000, which can 
be further proportionately reduced by mine production and mill throughput exceeding 322 tonnes per day for 
a  30  day  period  prior  to  December  31,  2020.  The  Amended  SPA  is  secured  against  the  Corporation’s 
mineral properties until repayment of the original deposit of US$50,000,000. 

In consideration of the foregoing amendments, the Corporation issued 3,000,000 shares to Wheaton with a 
fair value of $6,600,000 (US$4,934,948). Under the terms of the Amended SPA, the original US$50,000,000 
deposit  was notionally reduced by this amount. The variability in the future cash flows to be received from 
Wheaton upon extraction and delivery of their 25% interest of future production is considered an embedded 
derivative within this host contract under IFRS 9, Financial Instruments. The embedded derivative asset was 
initially  recorded  at  fair  value  based  on  the  value  of  the  consideration  paid  to  Wheaton  and  is  to  be  re-
measured at fair value on a recurring basis at each period end with changes in value being recorded within 
the Statement of Loss. 

As at December 31, 2018, the fair value of the embedded derivative was calculated based on the discounted 
future  cash  flows  associated  with  the  difference  between  the  original  US$3.90  per  ounce  production 
payment  Wheaton  would  pay  for  each  payable  ounce  delivered  under  the  SPA  and  the  new  production 
payment  under  the  Amended  SPA  which  varies  depending  on  the  monthly  silver  head  grade  and  monthly 
silver price. The model currently relies upon inputs from the preliminary economic assessment (the “PEA”), 
such as payable ounces delivered and head grade, but will be updated in the future as a result of updated 
studies,  mine  plans  and  actual  production.  The  valuation  model  for  the  embedded  derivative  has  been 
updated to utilize a probability-based dynamic pricing structure as opposed to a static pricing structure.  As 
such, the discount rate used and silver price assumptions are updated quarterly based on the risk-free yield 
curve and silver price forward curve at quarter end. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

16. 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

Trade payables 
Accrued liabilities and other 

17. 

Credit Facility 

December 31 
2018 

December 31 
2017 

$           3,567 
3,643 

$           1,468 
2,133 

$          7,210 

$          3,601 

On  February  23,  2018  the  Corporation  entered  into  a  definitive  credit  agreement  with  Sprott  Private 
Resource Lending (Collector), L.P. (“Sprott”) to provide a US$15,000,000 credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). 
The Credit Facility has the following key terms: 

 
 

Term of 3 years, Maturity Date – February 23, 2021 
Interest rate on funds drawn down: the greater of 
7% plus US Dollar 3 month LIBOR and 
8% per annum, payable monthly 

o 
o 

  Repayable in quarterly installments from October 31, 2019 through to the Maturity Date 
  Upon draw down of funds a 3% draw down fee is charged 
 

1,000,000 share purchase warrants were issued to Sprott with a five-year term, an exercise price of 
$2.25 per share and a right by the Corporation to accelerate the expiry date to 30 days following 
the closing price of the shares exceeding $5.63 for more than 20 consecutive trading days 

  Repayable in whole or in part, without penalty, provided not less than twelve (12) months of interest 

has been paid on any outstanding amount 

  On February 14, 2019 the Corporation extended the availability period of draw down to August 23, 

2019 from February 23, 2019 by issuing to Sprott 171,480 Alexco common shares. 

As of December 31, 2018, no amounts have been drawn down on the Credit Facility. 

18. 

Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Provision 

Balance – beginning of year 

Increase due to re-estimation 
Accretion expense, included in finance costs 

Balance – end of year 

December 31 
2018 

December 31 
2017 

$       5,055 

$       4,955 

163 
68 

37 
63 

$       5,286 

$       5,055 

The Corporation’s decommissioning and rehabilitation provision consists of costs expected to be incurred in 
respect  of  future  reclamation  and  closure  activities  at  the  end  of  the  life  of  the  Bellekeno,  Flame  &  Moth, 
Bermingham,  Lucky  Queen  and  Onek  mines.  These  activities  include  water  treatment,  land  rehabilitation, 
ongoing care and maintenance and other reclamation and closure related requirements.   

The  total  inflation  adjusted  estimated  cash  flows  required  to  settle  the  decommissioning  and  rehabilitation 
provision is estimated to be $6,561,000 (2017 – $6,187,000), with the expenditures expected to be incurred 
substantially over the course of the next 20 years.  In determining the carrying value of the decommissioning 
and rehabilitation provision as at December 31, 2018, the Corporation has used a risk-free discount rate of  
2.08%  (2017  –  2.11%)  and  an  inflation  rate  of  2.0%  (2017  –  2.0%)  resulting  in  a  discounted  amount  of 
$5,204,000 (2017 – $5,055,000).  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

19. 

Capital and Reserves 

Shareholders’ Equity 

The Corporation is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares without par value. 

The following share transactions took place during the year ended December 31, 2018: 

1.  On June 13, 2018, the Corporation completed a bought deal public offering and issued 4,703,000 
flow-through common shares at a blended price of $1.92 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of 
$9,041,150.  The Corporation incurred share issuance costs of $989,000. 

2.  281,666 stock options were exercised for proceeds of $217,000. 
3.  1,167,351 warrants were exercised for proceeds of $2,027,000. 
4.  318,036  common  shares  were  issued  from  treasury  on  the  vesting  of  restricted  share  units 

(“RSUs”). 

5.  10,000 common shares were issued from treasury in accordance with an option agreement. 
6.  237,999  common  shares  were  issued  from  treasury  as  consideration  for  the  acquisition  of 

Contango. 

On  September  21,  2018  the  Corporation  filed  a  short  form  base  shelf  prospectus  with  the  securities 
commissions  in  each  of  the  Provinces  of  British  Columbia,  Alberta,  Saskatchewan,  Manitoba  and  Ontario 
and  a  corresponding  amendment  to  its  registration  statement  on  Form  F-10  (Registration  Statement)  with 
the  United  States  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  (SEC)  under  the  U.S./Canada  Multijurisdictional 
Disclosure  System,  which  would  allow  the  Corporation  to  make  offerings  of  common  shares,  warrants, 
subscription  receipts  and/or  units  up  to  an  aggregate  total  of  $50,000,000  during  the  25-month  period 
following September 21, 2018. 

Warrants 

The changes in warrants outstanding are summarized as follows: 

Expiry Date 

May 17, 2018 
May 17, 2018 
May 30, 2019 
Feb 23, 2023 

Exercise 
Price 
$1.75 
$1.49 
$2.15 
$2.25 

Balance at 
December 31, 2017 
4,868,620 
60,900 
126,174 
- 

Issued 

Exercised 

Expired 

- 
- 
- 
1,000,000 

(1,106,451) 
(60,900) 
- 
- 

(3,762,169) 
- 
- 
- 

Balance  at 
December 31, 2018 
- 
- 
126,174 
1,000,000 

5,055,694 

1,000,000 

(1,167,351) 

(3,762,169) 

1,126,174 

On February 23, 2018 1,000,000 warrants were issued as a fee for the Credit Facility with Sprott (Note 17). 
The warrants were capitalized as a pre-payment for services, and are being amortized over the availability 
period of the facility to which it relates. The fair value of the warrants at the date of issuance was estimated 
using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, assuming a risk-free rate of 1.94% per annum, an expected 
life  of  options  of  5  years,  an  expected  volatility  of  73%  based  on  historical  volatility,  and  no  expected 
dividends. 

Equity Incentive Plan 

Under the Corporations equity incentive plan (the “Equity Incentive Plan”), the aggregate number of common 
shares issuable on the exercise of stock options or issuance of RSUs cannot exceed 10% of the number of 
common shares issued and outstanding. As at December 31, 2018, a total of 7,738,833 stock options and 
273,989  RSUs  were  outstanding  under  the  New  Plan  and  a  total  of  2,787,068  remain  available  for  future 
grants.  

Incentive Stock Options 

Generally  stock  options  under  the  Equity  Incentive  Plan  have  a  maximum  term  of  five  years,  vesting  25% 
upon granting and 25% each six months thereafter. The exercise price may not be less than the immediately 
preceding five day volume weighted average price of the Corporation’s common shares traded through the 
facilities of the exchange on which the Corporation’s common shares are listed. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

The changes in incentive share options outstanding are summarized as follows: 

Balance – December 31, 2017 

Stock options granted 
Share-based compensation expense  
Options exercised 
Options forfeited or expired 

Balance – December 31, 2018 

Balance – December 31, 2016 

Stock options granted 
Share-based compensation expense  
Options exercised 
Options forfeited or expired 

Balance – December 31, 2017 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 

Number of 
shares issued 
or issuable on 
exercise 

Amount 

$ 2.06 

$ 2.07 
- 
$ 0.77 
$ 5.39 

$ 1.66 

$ 2.48 

$ 2.31 
- 
$ 1.28 
$ 4.78 

$ 2.06 

6,546,666 

$     6,258 

2,524,000 
- 
(281,666) 
(1,050,167) 

- 
2,480 
(106)
(3,163)

7,738,833 

$     5,469 

6,175,995 

$     6,996 

1,645,500 
- 
(126,332) 
(1,148,497) 

- 
2,204 
(78)
(2,864)

6,546,666 

$     6,258 

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the fair value of options at the date of grant was estimated using 
the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model,  assuming  a  risk-free  rate  ranging  from  2.01%  to  2.16%  (2017  – 
1.02%) per annum, an expected life of options of 4 years (2017 – 4 years), an expected volatility average of 
73% based on historical volatility (2017 – 73%), an expected forfeiture rate average of  2% (2017 – 4%) and 
no expected dividends (2017 – nil). 

Incentive share options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows: 

Options Outstanding 

Options Exercisable 

Number of 
Shares 
Issuable on 
Exercise 

Average 
Remaining 
Life (Years) 

Exercise Price 

$0.60 
$0.60 
$0.84 
$1.73 
$1.75 
$1.78 
$1.93 
$1.94 
$2.07 
$2.07 
$2.32 

35,000 
989,333 
1,422,500 
600,000 
42,000 
150,000 
60,000 
475,000 
1,834,000 
587,000 
1,544,000 

7,738,833 

0.96 
1.12 
2.12 
2.44 
3.63 
2.49 
4.36 
0.12 
4.08 
4.08 
3.09 

2.73 

Average 
Exercise 
Price 

$    0.60 
$    0.60 
$    0.84 
$    1.73  
$    1.75 
$    1.78 
$    1.93 
$    1.94 
$    2.07 
$    2.07 
$    2.32 

Number of 
Shares 
Issuable on 
Exercise 

35,000 
989,333 
1,422,500 
600,000 
42,000 
150,000 
30,000 
475,000 
917,000 
- 
1,544,000 

Average 
Exercise 
Price 

$    0.60 
$    0.60 
$    0.84 
$    1.73 
$    1.75 
$    1.78 
$    1.93 
$    1.94 
$    2.07 
$    2.07 
$    2.32 

$    1.66 

6,204,833 

$    1.55 

The  weighted  average  share  price  at  the  date  of  exercise  for  options  exercised  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2018 was $1.96 (2017 – $2.26). 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  the  Corporation  recorded  total  share-based  compensation 
expense  of  $2,480,000  (2017  –  $2,204,000),  which  related  to  incentive  share  options,  of  which  $368,000 
(2017  –  $369,000)  was  recorded  to  mineral  properties  and  $2,112,000  (2017  –  $1,835,000)  has  been 
charged to income. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Subsequent to December 31, 2018, a further 2,029,000 incentive stock options have been granted with an 
exercise  price  of  $1.27,  70,000  stock  options  were  exercised,  475,000  stock  options  expired  unexercised 
and nil stock options were forfeited. 

Restricted Share Units  

Generally  RSUs  vest  one-third  upon  issuance  and  one  third  on  each  of  the  first  and  second  anniversary 
dates of the issuance date. As at December 31, 2018, a total of 273,989 RSUs were outstanding.  

The changes in RSUs outstanding are summarized as follows: 

Balance – December 31, 2017 

RSUs granted 
Share-based compensation expense recognized 
RSUs vested 

Balance – December 31, 2018 

Balance – December 31, 2016 

RSUs granted 
Share-based compensation expense recognized 
RSUs vested 

Balance – December 31, 2017 

Number of 
shares issued 
or issuable 
on vesting 

Amount 

398,325 

$            401 

193,700 
- 
(318,036) 

- 
467 
(497)

273,989 

$            371 

452,950 

$            220 

235,000 
- 
(289,625) 

- 
524 
(343)

398,325 

$           401 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018  the  Corporation  granted  a  total  of  193,700  RSUs  (2017  – 
235,000) with a total grant-date fair value determined to be $399,000 (2017 - $545,000).  Included in general 
and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 is share-based compensation expense 
of $467,000 (2017 –$524,000) related to RSU awards. 

The  weighted  average  share  price  at  the  date  of  vesting  for  RSUs  during  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2018 was $1.72 (2017 - $2.31). 

Subsequent to December 31, 2018, a total of 625,000 RSUs were granted and 386,655 RSUs vested. 

20. 

Revenue from Environmental Services 

The  Corporation  recorded  environmental  services  revenue  for  the  years  ending  December  31,  2018  and 
2017 as follows: 

Environmental Services 

Environmental services revenue 

Fee for service 
Fixed price agreements 

$        15,007 
4,873 

$          9,882 
850 

2018 

2017 

$        19,880 

$        10,732 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

21. 

General and Administrative Expenses by Nature of Expense 

The  Corporation  recorded  general  and  administrative  expenses  for  the  years  ending  December  31,  2018 
and 2017 as follows: 

Corporate 

General and administrative expenses 

2018 

2017 

Depreciation 
Amortization of intangible assets 
Business development and investor relations 
Office, operating and non-operating overheads 
Professional 
Regulatory 
Restructuring costs 
Salaries and contractors 
Share-based compensation 
Travel 

$            94 
11 
451 
788 
832 
184 
92 
2,262 
2,544 
240 

$          89 
13 
567 
682 
433 
309 
1,353 
2,112 
2,305 
301 

Environmental Services 

General and administrative expenses 

$        7,498 

$        8,164 

2018 

2017 

Depreciation 
Amortization of intangible assets 
Business development  
Office, operating and non-operating overheads 
Professional 
Salaries and contractors 
Travel 

$            126 
39 
370 
1,262 
142 
2,556 
177 

$             19 
59 
164 
756 
29 
1,657 
94 

$        4,672 

2,778 

Total General and Administrative Expenses 

$        12,170 

$        10,942 

22. 

Mine Site Care and Maintenance 

The  Corporation  recorded  mine  site  care  and  maintenance  expenses  for  the  years  ended  December  31, 
2018 and 2017 as follows: 

Mine site care and maintenance  

Depreciation 
Salaries and contractors1 
Materials and equipment1 
Other expenses1 

2018 

2017 
(restated–note 6) 

$     1,292 
913 
346 
52 

$     1,531 
357 
- 
- 

$     2,603 

$   1,888 

1. 

Included in mine site care and maintenance costs are refurbishment and 
mill maintenance costs.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

23. 

Other Income and expenses  

The Corporation recorded other income and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 as 
follows: 

Credit Facility fee – warrants 
Interest income 
Foreign exchange gain (loss) 
Other income (expenses) 

2018 

2017 

$       (930)
241 
(15) 
(68) 

$           - 
188 
964 
(4) 

$     (772) 

$      1,148 

24. 

Income Tax Expense 

The major components of income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as 
follows: 

(a) 

The  income  tax  provision  differs  from  the  amount  that  would  result  from  applying  the  Canadian 
federal and provincial tax rate to income before taxes.  These differences result from the following 
items: 

Accounting loss before taxes 
Federal and provincial income tax rate of 27% (2017 – 
26%) 

Non-deductible permanent differences 
Differences in foreign exchange rates 
Effect of difference in tax rates 
Change in deferred tax asset not recognized 
Flow-through share renunciation 
Change in estimate 
Other 

2018 

2017 

$    (6,994)
(1,888)

$    (6,341) 
(1,648) 

1,064 
-
2
1,100 
1,656 
(427)
-
1,507 

495 
- 
2,488 
(1,075) 
1,040 
(72) 
244 
1,472 

Income tax provision  

$    1,507

$    1,472 

(b) 

The movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year by type of temporary difference, 
without  taking  into  consideration  the  offsetting  balances  within  the  same  tax  jurisdiction,  is  as 
follows: 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Deferred tax liabilities 

Mineral 
Property 
Interest 

Inventory 

Property, 
Plant and 
Equipment 

Other 

Total 

December 31, 2016 
(restated Note 6) 

(Charged) credit to the 
income statement 

Charged to OCI 

December 31, 2017 
(Charged) credited to the 

income statement 

Charged to OCI 

$    (1,483)

$      (126)

$      (1,505)

$    (3,415) 

$ (6,529) 

(1,390)
- 

13 
- 

41
- 

41 
- 

(1,295) 
- 

$    (2,873)

$      (113)

$      (1,464)

$    (3,374) 

$ (7,824) 

(5,046)
- 

- 
- 

(598)
- 

(2,930) 
20 

(8,554) 
20 

December 31, 2018 

$    (7,919)

$      (113)

$      (2,062)

$    (6,284)  $ (16,378) 

Deferred tax assets 

Mineral 
Property 
Interest 

Loss 
Carry 
Forward 

Property, 
Plant and 
Equipment 

Decommissioning 
and Rehabilitation 
Provision 

Other 

Total 

December 31, 2016 
Credited (charged) to the 

income statement 

Charged to OCI 

December 31, 2017 
Credited (charged) to the 

income statement 

$     770 

$  4,281 

$       143 

$     1,485 

$   799 

$  7,478 

69 
- 

(13) 
- 

(66)
- 

(121) 
- 

(775) 
637 

(906) 
637 

$     839 

$  4,268 

$       77 

$     1,364 

$   661 

$  7,209 

3,632 

2,997 

(5)

63 

(612) 

(6,075) 

December 31, 2018 

$   4,471 

$  7,265 

$       72 

$     1,427 

$   49 

$  13,284 

Net deferred tax liabilities 

December 31, 2017 
(restated Note 6) 

Charged to the income statement 
Charged to OCI 
December 31, 2018 

$      (614)

(2,504) 
20 
$   (3,098)

(c) 

At  December  31,  2018,  the  Corporation  has  unrecognized  tax  attributes,  noted  below,  that  are 
available  to  offset  future  taxable  income.    The  Corporation  has  not  recognized  the  deferred  tax 
asset on these temporary differences because they  relate  to entities  within the group that have  a 
history  of  losses  and  there  is  not  yet  adequately  convincing  evidence  that  these  entities  will 
generate sufficient future taxable income to enable offset.  

Tax loss carry forwards 
Mineral property interest 
Other 

$         40,650 
11,150 
8,587 

$         60,387 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

As  at  December  31,  2018,  the  Corporation  has  available  non-capital  losses  for  income  tax 
purposes  in Canada  which  are available to  be carried forward to reduce taxable  income in future 
years  and  for  which  no  deferred  income  tax  asset  has  been  recognized,  and  which  expire  as 
follows: 

2033 
2034 
2035 
2036 
2037 
2038 

25. 

Financial Instruments 

Financial Assets and Liabilities 

Total 

$          1,952 
9,351 
6,685 
6,643 
8,302 
7,717 

$       40,650 

Information regarding the carrying amounts of the Corporation’s financial assets and liabilities is summarized 
as follows: 

Fair value through profit or loss  

Warrants  

   Embedded derivative - Wheaton agreement 

Fair value through other comprehensive loss  

Investment in marketable securities  

Fair Value 
Hierarchy 
Classification 

December 31   

2018 

December 31 
2017 

Level 2 
Level 3 

$            24 
$       9,671 

$       1,082 
$       6,600 

Level 1 

$           736 

$          673 

$      10,431 

$       8,355 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  the  fair  value  of  warrants  were  estimated  using  the  Black-
Scholes  option  pricing  model,  assuming  a  risk-free  interest  rate  of  1.85%  (2017  –  1.66%)  per  annum,  an 
expected life of options of 0.62 to 1.98 years (2017 – 0.17 to 2.98 years), an expected volatility of 72% to 
93% (2017 – 84%) based on historical volatility and no expected dividends (2017 – nil). 

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the fair value of the embedded derivative related to the Wheaton 
agreement was estimated using a probability-based dynamic pricing structure resulting in a mark-to-market 
adjustment of $3,071,000 (2017 – nil). The model currently relies upon inputs from the preliminary economic 
assessment dated March 29, 2017, and considers payable ounces delivered and head grade. The model is 
updated quarterly for the discount rate used and silver price assumptions based on the risk-free yield curve 
and silver price forward curve at quarter end.  

The  carrying  amounts  of  all  of  the  Corporation’s  other  financial  assets  and  liabilities,  carried  at  amortized 
cost, reasonably approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. 

Financial Instrument Risk Exposure 

The Corporation’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (currency risk), credit risk and 
liquidity  risk.  Risk  management  is  carried  out  by  management  under  policies  approved  by  the  Board  of 
Directors.  Management  identifies  and  evaluates  the  financial  risks  in  co-operation  with  the  Corporation’s 
operating  units.  The  Corporation’s  overall  risk  management  program  seeks  to  minimize  potential  adverse 
effects  on  the  Corporation’s  financial  performance,  in  the  context  of  its  general  capital  management 
objectives as further described in Note 6. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Currency Risk 

Substantially  all  of  the  Corporation’s  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  mineral  properties  are  located  in 
Canada; all of its mining operations occur in Canada; and a significant majority of its environmental services 
revenues are earned in Canada.  However, if commercial production recommences at the Keno Hill Silver 
District, the Corporation’s exposure to US dollar currency risk significantly increases as sales of concentrate 
and the settlement of the Wheaton streaming payments will be effected in US dollars. In addition, a portion 
of  its  environmental  services  revenues,  and  receivables  arising  therefrom,  are  also  denominated  in  US 
dollars.  As  well,  while  a  significant  majority  of  the  Corporation’s  operating  costs  are  denominated  in 
Canadian dollars, it does  have some exposure to costs, as some accounts payable  and accrued liabilities 
are  denominated  in  US  dollars.  The  Corporation  is  exposed  to  currency  risk  at  the  balance  sheet  date 
through the following financial assets and liabilities, which are denominated in US dollars: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts and other receivable 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

Net exposure 

December 31 
2018 

December 31 
2017 

$       1,374 
917 
(649) 

$       1,336 
510 
(298)

$       1,642 

$       1,548 

Based  on  the  above  net  exposure  at  December  31,  2018,  a  10%  depreciation  or  appreciation  of  the  US 
dollar  against  the  Canadian  dollar  would  result  in  an  approximately  $164,000  decrease  or  increase 
respectively in both net and comprehensive loss (2017 – $158,000).  The Corporation has not employed any 
currency hedging programs during the current period. 

Credit Risk 

Credit  risk  is  the  risk  of  financial  loss  to  the  Corporation  if  a  customer  or  counterparty  to  a  financial 
instrument  fails  to  meet  its  obligations.  The  Corporation’s  maximum  exposure  to  credit  risk  at  the  balance 
sheet date under its financial instruments is summarized as follows: 

Trade receivables  
Currently due 
Past due by 90 days or less, not impaired 
Past due by greater than 90 days, not impaired 

Cash 
Demand deposits 
Term deposits 

December 31 
2018 

December 31 
2017 

$          5,228 
1,375 
86 
6,689 

3,629 
4,947 
2,725 

$          1,035 
940 
13 
1,988 

6,019 
11,887 
7,092 

$     17,990 

$     26,986 

Substantially all of the Corporation’s cash, cash equivalents and term deposits are held with major financial 
institutions in Canada, and management believes the exposure to credit risk with respect to such institutions 
is  not  significant.  Those  financial  assets  that  potentially  subject  the  Corporation  to  credit  risk  are  primarily 
receivables.  Management  actively  monitors  the  Corporation’s  exposure  to  credit  risk  under  its  financial 
instruments, particularly with respect to receivables. The Corporation considers the risk of material loss to be 
significantly  mitigated  due  to  the  financial  strength  of  the  parties  from  whom  the  receivables  are  due, 
including  with  respect  to  trade  accounts  receivable  as  the  Corporation’s  major  customers  include 
government organizations as well as substantial corporate entities. Receivables that are past due by greater 
than 90 days have been subsequently collected. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Liquidity Risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Corporation will not be able to meet its obligations associated with financial 
liabilities.  The  Corporation  has  a  planning  and  budgeting  process  in  place  by  which  it  anticipates  and 
determines  the  funds  required  to  support  its  normal  operating  requirements  as  well  as  the  growth  and 
development of its mining projects. The Corporation coordinates this planning and budgeting process with its 
financing  activities  through  the  capital  management  process  described  in  Note  26.  The  Corporation’s 
financial liabilities are comprised of its accounts payable and accrued liabilities, the contractual maturities of 
which at the balance sheet date are summarized as follows: 

Accounts payable and accrued  liabilities with contractual maturities 

Within 90 days or less 
In later than 90 days, not later than one year 

26. 

Management of Capital 

December 31 
2018 

December 31 
2017 

$       7,210 
- 

$       3,601 
- 

$       7,210 

$       3,601 

The  capital  managed  by  the  Corporation  includes  the  components  of  shareholders’  equity  as  described  in 
the  consolidated  statements  of  shareholders’  equity.  The  Corporation  is  not  subject  to  externally  imposed 
capital requirements. 

The Corporation’s objectives of capital management are to create long-term value and economic returns for 
its  shareholders.  It  does  this  by  seeking  to  maximize  the  availability  of  finance  to  fund  the  growth  and 
development  of  its  mining  projects,  and  to  support  the  working  capital  required  to  maintain  its  ability  to 
continue as a going concern. The Corporation manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it in 
the  light  of  changes  in  economic  conditions  and  the  risk  characteristics  of  its  assets,  seeking  to  limit 
shareholder dilution and optimize its cost of capital while maintaining an acceptable level of risk. To maintain 
or  adjust  its  capital  structure,  the  Corporation  considers  all  sources  of  finance  reasonably  available  to  it, 
including but not limited to issuance of new capital, issuance of new debt and the sale of assets in whole or 
in part, including mineral property interests.  The Corporation’s overall strategy with respect to management 
of  capital  at  December  31,  2018  remains  fundamentally  unchanged  from  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2017. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

27. 

Supplemental Cash Flow Information 

Supplemental  cash  flow  information  with  respect  to  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018  and  2017  is 
summarized as follows: 

Operating Cash Flows Arising From Interest and Taxes 
Interest received 

Non-Cash Investing and Financing Transactions 
 Capitalization of share-based compensation to mineral properties 
Capitalization of depreciation to mineral properties 
  Capitalization of re-estimation of decommissioning and rehabilitation provision 
  Issuance of shares related to acquistion of subsidiary 
 Increase in non-cash working capital related to: 

Mining operations properties 
Exploration and evaluation properties 

2018 

2017 

  $        129 

$       221 

$        368 
  $        375 
$        163 
$        416 

$       369 
$       265 
$         37 
 $            - 

  $            6 
  $        305 

$       (23) 
$  (1,130) 

28. 

Segmented Information 

The Corporation had two operating segments during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, being 
firstly  mining  operations,  including  care  and  maintenance  of  the  formerly  operating  Bellekeno  mine, 
producing  silver,  lead  and  zinc  in  the  form  of  concentrates  (suspended  in  September  2013),  as  well  as 
exploration,  underground  development  and  evaluation  activities;  and  secondly  environmental  services 
carried out through AEG, providing consulting and project management services in respect of environmental 
permitting  and  compliance  and  site  remediation  and  reclamation.  The  Corporation’s  executive  head  office 
and  general  corporate  administration  are  included  within  ‘Corporate  and  other’  to  reconcile  the  reportable 
segments to the consolidated financial statements. An operating segment is a component of an entity that 
engages  in  business  activities,  operating  results  are  reviewed  by  the  chief  operating  decision  maker  with 
respect  to  resource  allocation  and  for  which  discrete  financial  information  is  available.  The  chief  operating 
decision maker for the Corporation is the Chief Executive Officer. Inter-segment transactions are recorded at 
amounts that reflect normal third-party terms and conditions, with inter-segment profits eliminated from the 
cost  base  of  the  segment  incurring  the  charge.  Revenue  from  non-Canadian  customers  of  both  operating 
segments was derived primarily from the United States. 

Segmented  information  as  at  and  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018  and  2017  is  summarized  as 
follows: 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

As at and for year ended 
December 31, 2018 

Environmental 
Services 

Mining

Corporate and 
Other 

Total 

Segment revenues  

External customers 

Canadian 
Non-Canadian 

Total revenues as reported 

Cost of sales 
Depreciation and amortization 
Share-based compensation 
Other G&A expenses 
Mine site care and maintenance 
Foreign exchange (gain) loss  
Loss on investments 
Gain on derivative 

asset 

Other (income) loss 

$       13,105 
6,775 
19,880 

$                 - 
- 
- 

$                 - 
- 
- 

$       13,105 
6,775 
19,880 

13,828 
165 
- 
4,507 
- 
35 

- 

(8) 

- 
1,292 
- 
86 
1,311 
9 
113 
(3,071) 

68 

- 
105 
2,544 
5,701 
- 
(29) 
459 
- 

(241) 

13,828 
1,562 
2,544 
10,294 
1,311 
15 
572 
(3,071) 

(181) 

Segment income (loss) before taxes 

$          1,353 

$          192 

$        (8,539)

$      (6,994)(i) 

Total assets 
Total liabilities 

$        11,462 
$          4,116 

$   113,341 
$     10,284 

$          8,215 
$          1,988 

$     133,018 
$       16,388 

As at and for year ended 
December 31, 2017 
(restated – Note 6) 

Segment revenues  

External customers 

Canadian 
Non-Canadian 

Total revenues as reported 

Cost of sales 
Depreciation and amortization 
Share-based compensation 
Other G&A expenses 
Mine site care and maintenance 
Restructuring costs 
Foreign exchange loss  
Gain on investments 
Other loss (income) 

Environmental 
Services 

Mining

Corporate and 
Other 

Total 

$       5,881 
4,851 
10,732 

$                 - 
- 
- 

$                 - 
- 
- 

$         5,881 
4,851 
10,732 

6,732 
79 
- 
2,700 
- 
- 
(1,080) 
- 
250 

- 
1,531 
- 
- 
357 
- 
(4) 
- 
(247) 

- 
101 
2,305 
4,404 
- 
1,353 
120 
(1,341) 
(187) 

6,732 
1,711 
2,305 
7,104 
357 
1,353 
(964) 
(1,341) 
(184) 

Segment income (loss) before taxes 

$       2,051 

$     (1,637) 

$        (6,755)

$      (6,341)(i) 

Total assets 
Total liabilities 

$       6,198 
$       1,642 

$    98,303 
$       6,762 

$         17,823 
$           1,464 

$     122,324 
$         9,868 

(i)  Represents consolidated loss before taxes. 

For the year ended December 31, 2018, revenue from three customers of the Corporation’s Environmental Services 
segment represents approximately $12,580,000 of the Corporation’s consolidated revenue. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 
(figures in tables are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

29. 

Related Party Transactions 

The Corporation’s related parties include its subsidiaries and key management personnel. Key management 
personnel compensation for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows: 

(a) 

Key Management Personnel Compensation 

2018 

2017 

Salaries and other short-term benefits 
Share-based compensation 

$           2,130 
2,513 

$           2,246 
2,072 

$          4,643 

$          4,318 

Key  management  includes  the  Corporation’s  Board  of  Directors  and  members  of  senior 
management. 

30. 

Commitments 

As at December 31, 2018, the Corporation’s contractual obligations are as follows: 

(a) 

The Corporation has entered into various operating lease contracts for office space, motor vehicles 
and office equipment.  The future minimum payments under these leases as are as follows: 

2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
Thereafter 

$          391 
283 
210 
210 
190 
156 

$         1,440 

(b) 

(c) 

The  Corporation’s  other  contractual  obligations, 
expenditures, totaled approximately $360,000. 

including  with  respect 

to  capital  asset 

As  a  consequence  of  its  commitment  to  renounce  deductible  exploration  expenditures  to  the 
purchasers  of  flow-through  shares,  the  Corporation  is  required  to  incur  further  renounceable 
exploration expenditures totaling $3,170,000 by December 31, 2019. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior Management 

Board of Directors 

Clynton Nauman, BSc (Hons) 
Chairman & Chief Executive Officer 

Brad Thrall, BSc, MBA 
President 

Michael Clark, CPA, CA 
Chief Financial Officer & 
Company Ethics Officer 

Alan McOnie, MSc (Geology), FAusIMM 
Vice President, Exploration 

Gordon Wong, CPA, CA 
Vice President, Finance 

Linda Broughton 
Vice President, Technical Services 

James Harrington, MSc 
President, Alexco Environmental Group 

Clynton Nauman, Chairman 
Richard Zimmer, P.Eng., MBA 
Elaine Sanders, CA, CPA 
Michael Winn 
Terry Krepiakevich, CPA, CA, ICD.D. 
Rick Van Nieuwenhuyse, MSc 
Karen McMaster, BA, LLB, MBA  

Auditors 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Vancouver, British Columbia 

Legal Counsel 

Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP 
Vancouver, British Columbia 

Registrar and Transfer Agent 

Computershare Investor Services Inc. 
Vancouver, British Columbia 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 
Suite 1225 
555 Burrard Street 
Vancouver, BC  V7X 1M9 
Canada 

Tel:  604.633.4888 
Fax:  604.633.4887 
Email:  info@alexcoresource.com 
Website:  www.alexcoresource.com 

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