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Alien Metals

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FY2019 Annual Report · Alien Metals
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Alien Metals Ltd 
Annual Report  
For the year ended 31 December 2019 

 
 
    
 
 
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Contents 

Chair’s & Chief Executive statement ................................................................... 3 

Business overview .......................................................................................... 4 

Strategy and business model ................................................................... 4 

Financial highlights .............................................................................. 4 

Overview of operations .......................................................................... 4 

Copper project ................................................................................... 4 

Silver projects .................................................................................... 4 

Future outlook .................................................................................... 5 

Governance ................................................................................................. 6 

Chair’s Corporate governance statement ..................................................... 6 

Board leadership ................................................................................. 7 

Nomination & Remuneration Committee Report ........................................... 11 

Audit Committee Report ....................................................................... 15 

Risk Management ................................................................................ 15 

Financial statements ..................................................................................... 22 

Directors’ responsibilities statement ......................................................... 22 

Independent auditor’s report .................................................................. 23 

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income ........................................ 28 

Consolidated statement of financial position ............................................... 29 

Consolidated statement of cash flows ....................................................... 30 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity ............................................... 31 

Notes to the financial statements ............................................................ 32 

Other information ........................................................................................ 52 

Forward looking statements 
Certain information in this annual report may constitute a forward-looking statement. Forward-looking statements are frequently 
characterised by words such as “plan”, “expect”, “forecast”, “project”, “intend”, “believe”, “anticipate”, “expect”, “budget”, 
“scheduled”, “outlook” and other similar words or statements that certain events or conditions “may” or “will” occur. 

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. Rather, they are based on current opinions and estimates 
of management and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results to differ from 
any future results or developments expressed or implied from each forward-looking statement. Each forward-looking statement is 
expressed only as at the date on which it is made and the Company undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements 
if circumstances or management’s estimates or opinions should change, other than as required by securities laws. The reader is 
cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chair & Chief Executive’s statement 

2019 marked a year of growth as the Company, headed by a high-quality geological team, focused on its strategy to advance its 
assets up the value curve; with new prospects in Western Australia added to our diversified portfolio, they lay the groundwork for 
2020. 

The Company’s Technical Director, Bill Brodie Good, with over 25 years of experience in mineral exploration, embarked on an 
acquisition-led strategy. We focused on strengthening our portfolio of diversified assets to encompass silver and precious metals 
projects in Mexico and newly acquired silver and iron ore projects in Western Australia. Reducing overheads is a practice from 
previous years that has stayed with us. In 2019, we continued to bring value by acquiring or entering into joint ventures for projects 
within an established mining community that has a stable political background and assures a strong operation control. 

During 2019, we are delighted to have acquired the Brockman and Hancock Ranges high grade iron ore projects with the potential 
of Direct Shipping Ore (DSO). High-grade iron ore (or 60%+ Fe) is highly sought after by steel mills as it reduces energy cost, increases 
efficiency and overall, reduces costs of production. We are pleased to have additionally broadened our silver portfolio by acquiring 
the historic Elizabeth Hill silver mine with significant unmined resources based on a 1999 resource estimation report. Both these 
acquisitions are in the region of Pilbara, Western Australia.  

We are committed to delivering on the strategy of advancing our projects through the exploration phases with our high quality 
geological team’s expertise while seeking to identify a suitable partner for an earned-in agreement or a joint ventured at a price 
which will not overly dilute existing Shareholders. We intend, in joining with a partner, to ensure the costs and capital commitments 
are minimised.  

We believe that in order to successfully grow this vision, we need to focus on channelling the funds invested in it towards exploration 
activity and business development, and this is at the heart of everything we do. 

The Company’s work to identify suitable partners for a joint venture or earned-in agreement include our Mexican silver projects 
and gold and copper project. Alien works based on a strict selection criteria centred on assessing risk, appropriate scale and likely 
upside. 

We look forward to sharing further results from our exploration work at our various sites following the completion of our Placing 
earlier in 2020 to fund work programmes and support business activities. 

Dan Smith 
Chairman  

Bill Brodie Good 
Technical Director 

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Business overview 

Strategy and business model 
Alien Metals’ objective is to create a multi-commodity 
portfolio  of  exploration  and  mining  projects  in 
jurisdictions  with  established  mining  communities, 
stable  political  backgrounds,  and  where  strong 
operational controls can be assured. 

The  group  has operated in  Mexico for over ten years 
during  which  time  it  has  established  long-term 
relationships  with  local  government,  communities, 
and key stakeholders.  

Alien  Metals’  geological  experts  assess  and  identify 
projects 
for  potential  mineralisation.  Wherever 
possible,  the  projects  are  acquired  on  a  low-cost 
option  basis  whilst  preliminary  exploration 
is 
undertaken to assess the merits of further work. 

The  Company  routinely  evaluates  mining  projects  in 
jurisdictions  other  than  Mexico.  During  2019,  this 
included Namibia, West Africa and Australia. 

close proximity to other wholly owned projects within 
Alien’s portfolio along the Mexican precious and base 
metals  belt.  The  Teck  Resources  San  Nicolás  copper 
zinc deposit and Minera Frisco El Coronel gold mine are 
both located within 25km. 

Alien  Metals'  preliminary  exploration  programme  on 
this project, has identified several areas that exhibit 
pathfinder indicators of volcanogenic massive sulphide 
(VMS)-style  mineralisation,  and  ground  magnetic 
geophysics  and  induced  polarisation  have  confirmed 
indications of sub-surface VMS-style mineralisation. 

Silver projects 

Elizabeth Hill project (Option to acquire 100%) 
The Elizabeth Hill project is situated approximately 45 
km  south  of  Karratha  in  the  61,000  km2  Achaean 
Pilbara Block of the Pilbara Craton.  The Project is well 
located,  lying  40  km  from  the  deep-water  port  at 
Dampier and 8 km from rail infrastructure.  

studies  evidence 

sufficient 
Where  preliminary 
mineralisation,  increasingly  comprehensive  studies 
will  be  undertaken  with  a  view  to  delineating  a 
compliant  mineral  resource  estimate  in  readiness  of 
potential  sale  of  the  asset  to  a  producing  mining 
company, at which time a significant premium over its 
acquisition and development cost may be justified. 

The  Elizabeth  Hill  Silver  Project  was  mined  between 
1998  and  2000  via  underground  mining,  primarily 
between the 62 m and 102 m levels.  Silver production 
totalled  approximately  16,800  tonnes  of  ore  grading 
2,195  g/t  Ag  (70.24  oz/t  Ag)  generating  1,170,000 
ounces  Ag,  including  some  very  large  specimens  of 
native silver.   

Financial highlights 
All dollar amounts in this annual report and financial 
statements are US dollars, unless stated otherwise. 

As at 31 December 2019, the Group had total assets of 
$0.7 million (2018: $0.7 million) of which $0.2 million 
(2018:  $0.3  million)  was  cash.  The  Group  had  total 
liabilities of $0.1 million (2018: $0.1 million) of which 
$0.1  million  were  current  liabilities  (2018:  $0.1 
million). 

In the year ended 2019 the Group made an operating 
loss of $1.0 million (2018: $1.5 million) and a loss per 
share of 0.1 cents (2018: 0.3 cents). 

Los Campos project 
The  Los  Campos  project  comprises  four  concessions 
covering an area of approximately 500 hectares and is 
located on the south side of the city of Zacatecas and 
only 3 km from the Endeavour Silver El Compas silver 
mine. The property contains at least two known veins: 
the  Los  Campos  vein  and  the  San  Rafael  vein,  which 
were both partially mined historically. 

The Los Campos vein system has been developed along 
a  strike  distance  of  3.3km  and  to  depths  exceeding 
100m.  Geological  mapping  and  sampling  discovered 
additional  veins  running  either  parallel  or  nearly 
parallel to the Los Campos vein. 

Overview of operations 
During 2019, the Group completed its initial high level 
review and some exploration work over its portfolio of 
mining concessions in Mexico covering an area of over 
approximately 1,500 hectares, to advance the projects 
in knowledge and potential.  

San Celso project 
The  88  hectare  San  Celso  project  is  located  in  the 
historic mining district of Pánfilo Natera-Ojocaliente. 
It contains two highly mineralised veins: the San Celso 
and  Las  Cristinitas  veins  which  were  also  partially 
mined  historically.  Work  carried  out  during  2019 
confirmed the high grade of these veins.  

As  at  31  December  2019,  the  Company  held  12  fully 
owned mining concessions, and options to acquire an 
interest in 3 additional projects.  

Copper project 

Donovan 2 project 
The Company’s 750 hectare Donovan 2 flagship project 
is  located  to  the  southeast  of  Zacatecas  city  and  in 

Iron Ore projects 

Hancock Ranges Project – 51% 
The  Hancock  Ranges  Iron  Ore  Project.  E47/3954,  is 
within  20kms  of  the  Newman  township  and  borders 
licences  held  by  Fortescue  Metals  Group,  Hancock 
Prospecting,  BHP  Billiton  (Mount  Whaleback),  Hope 
Downs and Brockman Mining.  

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The License has been subject to historical exploration 
by  Rio  Tinto  plc,  BHP  Group  plc,  and  more  recently 
Volta  Mining  Limited,  where  drilling  intercepted 
mineralisation  within  the  Brockman  Iron  Formation 
including  126m  @  60.28%  Fe  from  surface  (Hole 
14SERC004). 

Brockman Iron Project – 51% 
This tenement hosts part of the historic  BHP Deposit 
20 iron ore target and the historic BHP Deposit 19 Fe 
target sits on the south-eastern boundary. 

This  tenement  is  dominated  by  the  Brockman  Iron 
Formation  which  underlies  the  majority  of  the 
tenement area. Recent alluvial cover is prevalent and 
covers the indicated Brockman Iron Formation.  
BHP, as part of their much larger regional programme, 
identified these two ‘deposits’ from a combination of 
mapping and surface rock chip sampling. This sampling 
was  undertaken  by  BHP  at  both  the  19  and  20 
prospects  and  the  samples  were  analysed  for  a 

standard  suit  of  iron  ore  related  elements.  The 
average  iron  content  of  four  rock-chip  samples  from 
prospect  19  was  62%  Fe  and  the  average  for  five 
samples from prospect 20 was 63.3% Fe. 

Future outlook 
The Company has benefited from fresh leadership, a 
new  perspective,  and  the  financial  support  of 
experienced  mining  professionals 
the 
injection of additional cash resources in 2019 & early 
2020. 

through 

The  directors  have  acted  to  reduce  the  Company’s 
expenditures,  especially  in  light  of  the  COVID-19 
pandemic,  and  to  identify  and  acquire  small  but 
scalable  projects 
stable 
governments, and in commodities considered to have 
strong futures, both in the short-to-medium, and long 
term. 

jurisdictions  with 

in 

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5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance 

Chair’s corporate governance statement 
Maintaining the highest standards of corporate governance in the context of the stage, size and complexity of 
any company, together with robust systems of internal control are fundamental building blocks for any business. 

Following the change to the AIM Rules in March 2019, the Board resolved to adopt the QCA Corporate Governance 
Code. In July 2019, the Financial Reporting Council published an update to the UK Corporate Governance Code 
for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019 (the “Code”), and the Board resolved to adopt this 
code with immediate effect.  

The UK Corporate Governance Code is widely recognised as setting the highest standard for corporate governance 
and is written to accommodate very large companies as well as much smaller ones. The directors have therefore 
satisfied  themselves  that  appropriate  governance  structures,  policies  and  procedures  are  in  place,  and  have 
made training available to all directors. 

All directors have access to the services of the Company Secretary, who is responsible for advising the board on 
all governance matters. Both the appointment and removal of the Company Secretary are matters for the whole 
board. 

The provisions of the Code that the Company does not apply are summarised below, and described in further 
detail within this annual report: 

Employee engagement 
Due to the Company having no employees, the Board has not appointed a director from the workforce, created 
a formal workforce advisory panel, or designated a non-executive director to engage with the workforce. This 
is contrary to Code provision 5 and is explained in the section headed “Culture and employees” on page 9. 

Senior independent director 
The Board has not appointed a senior independent director. This is contrary to Code provision 12 and is explained 
in the section headed “Senior Independent Director” on page 8. 

Annual evaluation of the performance of the board 
The Board does not carry out a formal annual evaluation of the performance of the board, its committees, the 
Chair and individual directors. This is contrary to Code provision 21 and is explained in the section headed “Board 
assessments” on page 14. 

Performance related pay 
Non-executive directors participate in the Company’s share option plan. This is contrary to Code provision 34 
and is explained in the section headed “Share Option Plan and Option-Based Awards” on page 12. 

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Board leadership 
The Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing the long term success and strategic direction of the Company 
in accordance with the schedule of matters reserved for board decision and it responsible for monitoring the 
activities of the executive management. 

Non-executive Chair 
Daniel Smith 
(appointed  26  February 
2019) 

Skills and experience 
Dan Smith has over 12 years’ capital markets experience working in various roles 
including as an Executive and Non-Executive Director and Company Secretary of 
companies with shares quoted on AIM, ASX and NSX. He is the founder of Minerva 
Corporate  Pty  Ltd,  a  boutique  corporate  services  firm  focused  on  providing 
corporate  advisory,  company  secretarial,  and  accounting  services  to  listed  and 
unlisted entities, as well as compliance manager services for IPOs and RTOs across 
sectors including natural resources. Dan is currently a Non-Executive Director and 
Company Secretary of AIM traded Europa Metals Ltd, a European focused zinc-lead 
exploration  company,  and  is  director  and  company  secretary  for  a  range  of 
companies listed on the ASX. 

Roles on Board committees 
Member:  
Member: 

Audit Committee  
Nomination & Remuneration Committee 

Technical Director 
Bill Brodie Good 
(appointed 4 July 2019) 

Skills and experience 
Douglas William (“Bill”) Brodie Good, BSc and BA (Hons) has worked in minerals 
exploration in over 40 countries, across Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and 
SE  Asia,  since  his  geological  studies  and  early  years  in  the  mining  industry  in 
Australia. 

Bill has over 25 years’ in mineral exploration, working for start-ups, juniors, mid-
tier and major (Rio Tinto Mining and other Rio Tinto group companies in a variety 
of roles) resource companies, as well as 5 years as a principal with SRK Exploration 
Services Ltd, a leading global mining consultancy group.  

Roles on Board committees 
None 

Non-executive director 
Christopher Gordon 

Skills and experience 
Chris  Gordon  has  a  Bachelor  of  Economics  degree  awarded  by the University  of 
London and over 10 years’ experience in the financial services sector in London, 
working  in  dealing  and  trading  roles  with  a  focus  on  raising  capital  for  listed 
companies. Chris Gordon previously acted as a non-executive director for Gunsynd 
plc which is listed on AIM. 

Roles on Board committees 
Member:  
Member: 

Audit Committee  
Nomination & Remuneration Committee 

Non-executive director 
James Cable   

Skills and experience 
James Cable has been a chartered accountant for over 40 years and has extensive 
experience at board level in various companies. He has significant international 
and commercial experience gained in the Middle East, Africa, Far East and Europe 
in  several  business sectors including natural resources and construction. He is a 
former  Finance  Director  of  Kopane  Diamond  Developments  Plc  and  Mantle 
Diamonds Ltd and he advises natural resources companies on corporate strategy 
and project finance and is a director of GemRock Company Ltd. 

Roles on Board committees 
Chair:  
Chair: 

Audit Committee  
Nomination & Remuneration Committee 

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Company Secretary 
Phil  Dexter  &  Jane 
Kirton 
(appointed  10 
January 2020) 

Skills and experience 
Phil has in excess of 40 years experience in the company secretarial environment 
and has worked in the natural resources sector since 1977. 

During  that  time  he  has  worked  with  most  of  the  leading  South  African  mining 
companies and assisted on numerous corporate transactions involving acquisitions, 
reorganisations and restructurings, rights offers and fund raisings. 

Jane has  over 20 years experience in the company  secretarial environment and 
qualified as a Chartered Secretary in 2007. 

Roles on Board committees 
Secretary:  
Secretary: 

Audit Committee  
Nomination & Remuneration Committee 

Directors who served during the year ended 31 December 2019 are listed on page 52. 

Following the resignation of Dennis Edmonds in April 2019, Daniel Smith was appointed as Non-Executive Chair. 
On 4  July 2019, Bill  Brodie Good was  appointed  to the board as a Technical  Director, working in a part-time 
executive capacity. Peter Taylor, CEO, resigned on 4 July 2019.  

The following documents are available on the Company’s website, www.alienmetals.uk: 
schedule setting out the division of responsibilities between the Chair and CEO; 
Terms of reference of the Nomination & Remuneration Committee 
Terms of reference of the Audit Committee 

 
 
 

Independent directors 
At  least  half  the  Board,  including  the  Chair,  comprises  independent  non-executive  directors  who  provide  a 
balance of skills and experience, and who are responsible for providing constructive challenge to and assistance 
in, developing proposals on strategy. 

All the non-executive directors participate in the Company’s share option plan; the extent of their participation 
is not considered to impact their independence. 

Each of Daniel Smith, James Cable and Chris Gordon is deemed independent. 

Senior Independent Director 
The  role  of  a  Senior  Independent  Director  is  to  provide  a  sounding  board  for  the  Chair  and  serve  as  an 
intermediary  for  the  other  directors  and  shareholders.  In  addition,  a  senior  independent  director  would  be 
expected to meet the other non-executive directors without the Chair present, to appraise his performance. 

The Company Secretary, as well as each of the non-executive directors, is available as a sounding board to the 
Chair and to serve as an intermediary for shareholders. The Company Secretary is also available to serve as an 
intermediary for any of the directors when required. The nomination of any one particular director to act as a 
Senior  Independent  Director  is  not  considered  by  the  Board,  at  the  present  time,  to  improve  its  effective 
operation, although the matter is kept under review. 

The  process  through  which  board  assessments  are  undertaken  is  more  fully  described  in  the  section  headed 
“Board assessments”, on page 144. 

Operation of the board 
All  directors  are  required  to  allocate  sufficient  time  to  the  Company  to  discharge  their  responsibilities 
effectively. In any decision-making, the directors are required to exercise their judgement in determining the 
likely impact of each decision as to the likelihood of promoting the success of the company for the benefit of its 
members as a whole. In doing so, the directors consider whether the decision is likely to promote the success of 
the company for the benefit of its members as a whole, having regard for (amongst other matters): 

(a)  the likely consequences of any decision in the long term, 
(b)  the interests of the company's employees, 
(c)  the need to foster the company's business relationships with suppliers, customers and others, 
(d)  the impact of the company's operations on the community and the environment, 
(e)  the desirability of the company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct, and 
(f)  the need to act fairly as between members of the company. 

The Chair is ultimately responsible for ensuring that each board decision is taken having sufficient information 
on and with all due discussion of, each of the aforementioned items as is relevant to such decision. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  Company  has  a  schedule  of  matters  reserved  for  its  own  decision,  an  executive  committee  comprising 
exclusively executive directors or officers, and two committees comprised entirely of non-executive directors: 
the Audit Committee and the Nomination & Remuneration Committee. From May 2019, the Executive Committee 
had  only  one  member  and  is  therefore  not  expected  to  meet  until  such  time  as  additional  members  are 
appointed. 

Each committee has formally delegated responsibilities by way of terms of reference. 

The performance of the Board, committees and individual directors are evaluated on a regular basis. 

Board meeting attendance 
The small size of the Board and frequent contact between the directors enables decisions to be taken quickly 
and  effectively  using  written  resolution  procedures  rather  than  physical  board  meetings.  The  number  of 
occasions on which the written resolution procedure was exercised is also set out in the table below. 

No. meetings 
No. written resolutions 
Dan Smith 
James Cable 
Chris Gordon 
Bill Brodie Good 

Dennis Edmonds 
Peter Taylor 

Board 
5 
13 
5 of 5 
5 of 5 
5 of 5 
1 of 1 

1 of 1 
2 of 2 

Audit Committee 
2 
3 
n/a 
2 of 2 
2 of 2 
n/a 

n/a 
n/a 

Nomination & 
Remuneration 
Committee 
3 
0 
n/a 
3 of 3 
3 of 3 
n/a 

n/a 
n/a 

Value generation and preservation 
The Company’s business model and opportunities immediately available are more fully described in the “Business 
overview” section of this annual report. Over the long-term, the Company seeks to create value by acquiring 
mining rights, demonstrating the  presence  of mineralisation and thereby significantly  increasing the  value of 
those mining rights. 

As the Company does not expect to generate operating revenues in the immediate future, it is dependent upon 
the financial support of new or existing investors and it is believed that companies that are well-governed enjoy 
a lower cost of capital which, all things being equal, should translate to greater business success. 

The risks to the business are set out in the Risk Management section commencing on page 15. 

Culture and employees 
At the Company’s present stage of development, it has nil employees and its culture therefore exists principally 
in  the  boardroom  and  amongst  any  contractors.  In  the  UK,  all  contractors  report  directly  to  the  Technical 
Director. Overseas, all contractors report directly to the country manager. The  country manager reports to the 
Executive  Director.  It  is  considered  that  the  board  is  well  positioned  to  ensure  that  policy,  practices  and 
behaviour throughout the business is aligned with the Company’s purpose, values and strategy. In the event that 
the Board had any concerns, it would require the Technical Director or country manager to take remedial action. 

The Board recognise the importance of the remuneration structure supporting its strategy and reinforcing the 
culture of the organisation. This is further described in the Nomination and remuneration committee report on 
page 11. 

Relations with shareholders 
The  Chair  welcomes  major  shareholders  to  discuss  the  Company’s  strategy  and  governance,  including,  as 
explained in the Nomination & Remuneration Committee Report, on the appointment of key board appointments. 
The Chair reports to the Board as a whole, on the views of major shareholders. 

All  investors  are  encouraged  and  welcomed  at  the  Company’s  annual  general  meeting,  at  which  there  is 
opportunity to pose questions to the directors. 

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Annual general meeting 
At the Company’s annual general meeting held during 2019, all resolutions were passed and proxy voting figures 
were published immediately following the AGM held on 20 September 2019. The number of investors who voted 
against the resolutions represented less than 10% of the number who voted. It being clear that the majority of 
investors were in favour, the Company proceeded with the change of name but the Chair extended an invitation 
to investors who wished to discuss the matter, to do so. The invitation was not taken up by investors and no 
further action has therefore been taken. 

Major shareholders 
As at 18 June 2020 being the latest practicable date, the Company had been notified of the following companies 
or individuals interested 3% or more of the Company’s shares: 

Shareholder 
Windfield Metals Pty 
Gravner Ltd 

No. shares 
220,000,000 
202,247,000 

% 
9.30 
8.55 

Conflicts of interest 
All Directors have duties under the BVI Business Companies Act to act with care, diligence and skill, in the best 
interests of the Company. 

Certain directors and officers of the Company may also serve as directors and/or officers of, or have investments 
in other companies involved in mineral exploration and development and consequently there is the potential for 
conflicts of interest. 

Conflicts  of  interest  can  arise  amongst  shareholders,  especially  where  one  shareholder,  or  a  small  group  of 
shareholders, has  a significant  stake in  the Company. The directors must not to allow this  to  compromise  or 
override their independent judgement,  especially in the context  of acting fairly as between  members of the 
Company. 

In the event a conflict of interest should arise, each individual so conflicted is required to disclose the conflict 
in  accordance with  the  Company’s  Articles  of Association  in  order that it can  be considered and approved if 
appropriate. No director may vote on any matter in which he or she may be deemed to be interested. 

On  an  ongoing  basis,  each  director  is  responsible  for  informing  the  Company  Secretary  of  any  new  actual  or 
potential conflicts that may arise or if there are any changes in circumstances that may affect an authorisation 
previously given. Even when provided with authorisation, a director is not absolved from his or her statutory 
duties. 

Board Committees 
The Board of Directors has two standing committees: 

Audit Committee 

 
  Nomination & Remuneration Committee 

The Company Secretary is Secretary to each Committee and attends all meetings. 

The Board considers that each of the Committees has an appropriate balance of skills, experience, independence 
and  knowledge  of  the  Company  to  enable  them  to  discharge  their  respective  duties  and  responsibilities 
effectively. 

The Corporate Governance Committee and a Health & Safety Committee were dissolved in July 2018 as the size 
of the Board and the extent of operations did not warrant their continuance. 

Audit Committee 
The Audit Committee meets at appropriate times in the reporting and audit cycle, and otherwise as required. It 
is  responsible  for  nominating  the  external  auditor  recommending  to  the  Board  the  auditor’s  compensation, 
overseeing the work of the auditor, and approving any proposals for non-audit services. The Audit Committee is 
also  responsible  for  reviewing  public  announcements  relating  to  the  Company’s  profit  or  loss  or  cash  flow, 
satisfying  itself  of  the  adequacy  of  procedures  for  the  release  of  financial  information,  and  ensuring  the 
maintenance  of  appropriate  and  proportionate  procedures  for  addressing  matters  relating  to  accounting, 
internal financial controls and auditing matters. 

It is the Board of Directors’ conclusion that each of the members of the Audit Committee has an understanding 
of the accounting principles used by the Company to prepare its financial statements, the ability to assess the 
general application of such accounting principles in connection with the accounting for estimates, accruals and 
reserves, and experience in evaluating financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
accounting issues generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of issues that can reasonably be expected 
to be raised by the Company's financial statements. 

The  Audit  Committee  is  currently  composed  of  three  members,  being  Daniel  Smith,  James  Cable  and  Chris 
Gordon,  each  of  whom  is  an  independent  non-executive  director  and  each  of  whom  is  deemed  financially 
literate. Mr Cable serves as Chair of the Audit Committee. 

Nomination & Remuneration Committee 
The  Nomination  &  Remuneration  Committee  meets  at  least  once  each  year,  and  otherwise  as  required.  It  is 
responsible for identifying and nominating for the approval of the Board, candidates to fill Board vacancies as 
and when they arise, having due regard for the structure, size and composition of the Board together with the 
skills, knowledge, experience and diversity of both the Board and the individual. Additionally, the Nomination 
& Remuneration Committee is responsible for reviewing the results of any board effectiveness review that relates 
to the composition of the board. 

The  scale  and  structure  of  the  remuneration  and  compensation  packages  for  the  directors  is  set  taking  into 
account  time  commitment,  comparatives,  and  risks  and  responsibilities,  to  ensure  that  the  amount  of 
compensation  adequately  reflects  the 
individual’s  previous  performance,  achievements,  experience, 
responsibilities and the risks of the office or position held, and in the context of the Company’s risk profile, to 
ensure they do not encourage excessive risk taking. 

The Nomination & Remuneration Committee is currently composed of three members, being Daniel Smith, James 
Cable and Chris Gordon, each of whom is an independent non-executive director. 

James Cable serves as Chair of the Nomination & Remuneration Committee. 

Nomination and remuneration committee report 

Overview 
The Nomination & Remuneration Committee (“N&R Committee”) makes recommendations to the Board as to the 
appropriate structure, size and composition (including the skills, knowledge, experience and diversity) of the 
Board and is responsible for identifying and nominating suitable candidates to fill Board vacancies.  

The N&R Committee is also responsible for recommending the remuneration policy to the Board, determining 
the remuneration of the directors and senior executives, ensuring that remuneration is reported correctly, and 
reviewing the results of any assessment of the effectiveness of the Board. 

The N&R Committee meets as required each year to review the performance of the executive directors and to 
determine their respective compensation.  

The  N&R  Committee  is  governed  by  terms  of  reference,  which  are  available  on  the  Company’s  website  at 
www.alienmetals.uk. The N&R Committee’s terms of reference require it to review its own terms of reference 
once a year; they were last amended on 28 September 2019. 

During the year, Daniel Smith joined the Board as an independent non-executive director (then non-executive 
Chairman) and Bill Brodie Good joined as a Technical Director. Dennis Edmonds and Peter Taylor resigned as 
Executive Chair and CEO, respectively, in May and July 2019.   

The  directors  received  a  significant  award  of  share  options  to  ensure  there  was  a  strong  link  between  their 
contribution to the Company and their reward.   

The Board is not aware that the workforce has any particular desire to engage in the discussion of remuneration 
policy and how executive remuneration aligns with wider company pay policy. The Board will make appropriate 
provision should it appear that this is not the case or the situation changes. 

The  members  of  the  Nomination  &  Remuneration  Committee  have  the  necessary  experience  of  executive 
compensation  matters  relevant  to  their  responsibilities  as  members  of  such  a  committee  by  virtue  of  their 
respective  professions,  contacts  within  the  minerals  industry  as  well  as  experience  in  the  broader  business 
community. In addition, each member of the Nomination & Remuneration Committee keeps abreast on a regular 
basis  of  trends  and  developments  affecting  executive  compensation.  Accordingly,  it  is  considered  that  the 
Nomination & Remuneration Committee has sufficient experience and knowledge to set appropriate levels of 
compensation.  Neither  the  Company  nor  the  Nomination  &  Remuneration  Committee  engaged  independent 
consultants to evaluate the levels of compensation during the year ended 31 December 2019. 

The  recommendations  of  the  Nomination  &  Remuneration  Committee  are  submitted  to  the  independent 
members of the Board of Directors for consideration and approval. 

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Remuneration policy 
The Company’s remuneration policy is intended to support the Company’s long-term strategy and sustainable 
success  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  Company’s  purpose  and  values,  attracting  and  retaining  the  highest 
quality of directors and senior executives. The pay policy is to: 

 
 

 
 
 

align the interests of the Board and senior executives with shareholders’ 
align the interests of the workforce (including the Board and senior executives) with the Company’s 
purpose and values, 
avoid incentivising excessive risk taking by the Board and senior executives, 
be proportionate to the contribution of the individuals concerned, and to 
be sensitive to pay and employment conditions elsewhere in the group. 

The remuneration policy does not require post-employment shareholding requirements. Share options ordinarily 
lapse upon the resignation of the option holder. 

The scale and structure of the remuneration and compensation packages of directors is set taking into account 
time  commitment,  comparatives,  risks  and  responsibilities,  to  ensure  that  the  amount  of  compensation 
adequately reflects the individual’s previous performance, achievements, experience, responsibilities and risks 
of the office or position held, and in the context of the Company’s risk profile, to ensure they do not encourage 
excessive risk taking on the part of the recipient of such compensation. 

As  the  Company  is  at  an  early  stage  of  development,  the  use  of  traditional  performance  standards,  such  as 
corporate profitability, is not considered by the Nomination & Remuneration Committee to be appropriate in 
the evaluation of corporate or directors’ performance. Discretionary bonuses may be paid to aid staff retention 
and reward performance. 

The Board considers that the remuneration policy has operated as intended in terms of company performance 
and quantum. 

The Company provides executive directors with base salaries which represent their minimum compensation for 
services rendered during the financial year. The base salaries of directors and senior executives depend on the 
scope  of  their  experience,  responsibilities,  and  performance.  A  description  of  the  material  terms  of  each 
director’s  contract  is  provided  under  “Terms  of  Directors’  Employment,  Termination  and  Change  of  Control 
Benefits” below. 

The N&R Committee has considered the risk implications of the Company’s compensation policies and practices 
and has concluded that there is no appreciable risk associated with such policies and practices since such policies 
and practices do not have the potential of encouraging an executive officer or other applicable individual to 
take on any undue risk or to otherwise expose the Company to inappropriate or excessive risks. Furthermore, 
although the Company does not have in place any specific prohibitions preventing executives from purchasing 
financial instruments, including prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars, or units of exchange 
funds that are designed to hedge or offset a decrease in market value of options or other equity securities of 
the Company granted in compensation or held directly or indirectly, by the director, the Company is unaware 
of the purchase of any such financial instruments by any director. 

The  Company  does  not  anticipate  making  any  significant  changes  to  its  compensation  policies  and  practices 
during 2020. 

Share Option Plan and Option-Based Awards 
All share options granted under the Company’s Unapproved option plan as amended and restated effective as of 
1 December 2006 have now lapsed and no further share options will be awarded under this plan. 

The  Company  currently  has  EMI  share  option  plan  (“Approved  Plan”)  which  was  adopted  by  the  Board  on  3 
February  2018,  and  which  provides  for  the  award  of  share  options  under  HMRC’s  approved  Enterprise 
Management Incentive scheme, the Company Share Option Plan, as well as Unapproved share options. 

In February 2018, the Board resolved that no further options would be granted under the Unapproved Plan and 
succeeded it with the Approved Plan. 

Share options are approved by the Board of Directors on the recommendation of the Nomination & Remuneration 
Committee.  Option  awards  are  reviewed  periodically,  take  into  account  previous  option  grants,  changes  in 
executive positions and overall contribution to the Company. 

The Approved Plan provides that the maximum number of shares which may be reserved and set aside for issue 
under  it, is 10% of the Company’s issued share  capital at the  date of grant. The  aggregate  number of shares 
which may be reserved for issuance to any one person under the Share Option Plan and which are subject to 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
outstanding options granted under a prior plan, must not exceed 5% of the issued shares (determined at the date 
the option was granted), in a 12-month period. 

The Company’s non-executive directors participate in the Unapproved Plan because the Board considers that 
the holding of options helps align the interests of the non-executive directors with shareholders by incentivising 
their decision making with a view to providing growth in the Company’s share price. The Company’s long-term 
success will be dependent upon raising additional finance in future; aligning the interests of all directors and 
senior executives with shareholders incentivises all concerned to achieve the best possible price for such placings 
and to minimise undue dilution of interests. 

Summary Compensation Table 
The  following  table  sets  forth  the  compensation  awarded,  paid  to  or  earned  by  each  director  during  2019, 
rounded to the nearest US$1,000. 

All figures in US$ 

Director and position 
J. S. Cable 
Non-Executive Director 
C. C. Gordon 
Non-Executive Director 
D. J. Smith 
Non-Executive 
Chairman 
B. Brodie Good 
Technical Director 
D. V. Edmonds 
Executive Chair 
P. Taylor 
Chief Executive Officer 

Appointed / 
Resigned 

Base 
Salary / 
Fees / 
Pensions 

2019 

Option 
based 
awards 

2018 

Base 
Salary / 
Fees  

Option 
based 
awards 

Total  

32,000 

2,000 

34,000 

34,000 

32,000 

- 

32,000 

21,000 

42,000 

19,000 

61,000 

51,000 

10,000 

61,000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

14,000 

- 

14,000 

21,000 

58,000 

79,000 

119,000 

32,000 

151,000 

- 

- 

- 

Appointed   15 
May 2019 
Appointed  
26 February 
2019 
Appointed  
5 July 2019 
Resigned  
30 April 2019 

Appointed   

15 May 2019 
Resigned  
8 July 2019 

Notes: 
(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

Salaries are paid in pounds sterling and translated to US dollars based on the average £:$ foreign 
exchange rate for each respective year (2019: 1.2760; 2018: 1.3436). 

The fair value of options granted is calculated using the Black-Scholes model as this model is widely 
accepted as an industry standard and is considered to provide the best estimation of value. 

During the year ended 31 December 2019, $nil (2018: $114,000 (£93,000)) wages and salaries was 
satisfied by the issue of common shares in the Company (2018: 37,200,000). 

Outstanding Option-based Awards 
The  following  table  sets  out  all  stock  options  outstanding  at  31  December  2019  for  each  of  the  Company’s 
directors. 

Name 

C. C. Gordon 

J. S. Cable 

D. J. Smith 

B. Brodie Good 

Number of securities 
underlying unexercised 
options 
17,142,373 

500,000 
1,100,000 
12,342,509 

3,000,000 
3,000,000 
4,000,000 

Option 
exercise 
price 
£0.0025 

£0.01 
£0.0025 
£0.0025 

£0.0022 
£0.0030 
£0.0045 

Option 
expiration date 
14 May 2023 

9 Feb 2022 
28 Mar 2024 
28 Mar 2024 

28 Mar 2024 
28 Mar 2024 
28 Mar 2024 

Value of unexercised 
in-the-money options 
($) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

-  
- 
- 

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34,000 

21,000 

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Appointment of new directors and succession planning 
The  N&R Committee recognises that an  effective  board comprises  a range  and balance  of  skills, experience, 
knowledge, gender and independence, with individuals that are prepared to challenge each other whilst working 
as  a  team,  which  requires  a  range  of  personal  attributes,  including  character,  intellect,  sound  judgement, 
honesty and courage. 

The Board and its advisers have significant experience in the mining sector and from that, a strong network of 
individuals working in the sector. 

In the first instance, the N&R Committee in consultation with the Chair identify the Board’s needs, and potential 
candidates believed to have the right blend of attributes to complement the Board, are identified and shortlisted 
from this broad network.  

Given this experience and network, the Board does not consider it necessary to openly advertise positions or, 
generally, to use executive search consultants, however, in the event the N&R Committee is unsatisfied with 
the suitability of candidates which have been presented from the identification process, an executive search 
agency  would  be  appointed.  The  Company  usually  has  very  limited  need  for  the  service  of  executive  search 
agencies and therefore does not maintain a relationship with any one particular firm. 

For key appointments, such as the appointment of the Chair, a representative from the Board may discuss the 
proposed appointment with significant investors. 

Once a suitable candidate has been identified, the Company’s Nominated Advisor carries out searches to provide 
assurance of their suitability. 

Diversity and inclusion 
There  are  many  forms  of  diversity  in  the  workplace:  age,  gender,  race,  national  or  ethnic  origin,  religion, 
language, political beliefs, sexual orientation and physical ability, as well as diversity of perspective arising from 
individuals’  skills,  experience  and  working  styles  providing  different  perspectives  and  approaches  to  finding 
solutions. 

The present gender balance of senior management is exclusively male; the Board recognises this would benefit 
from improved balance, and the N&R Committee is cognisant of this when seeking candidates. 

Appointment and removal of directors 
The  powers  of  the  directors  of  the  Company  are  determined  by  its  Articles  of  Association  and  British  Virgin 
Islands  (“BVI”) legislation, each of which  contain rules about the  appointment and replacement of directors. 
They provide that subject to certain conditions, directors may be appointed by an ordinary resolution of the 
members or by a resolution of the directors, provided that, in the latter instance, a director appointed in this 
way retires at the first AGM following his or her appointment. 

The Company’s Articles of Association also provide that directors should normally be subject to re-election at 
the AGM at intervals of three years although directors may volunteer to stand for re-election annually. 

A director may cease to be a director: 
•  By special resolution of the members approved by 75% of the shareholders entitled to vote 
•  By resolution of the directors 
• 
• 

If he resigns 
If he ceases to meet the eligibility requirements under the BVI Companies Act. 

Where  any  director  resigns  and  has  concerns  about  the  operation  of  the  board  or  the  management  of  the 
company, they are asked to provide a written statement to the Chair to circulate to the Board. 

Board assessments 
The Chair continuously considers the performance of the Board, its committees and of individual directors, and 
provides feedback when appropriate. Similarly, the Chair invites feedback in the same manner from the Non-
Executive Directors and the Company Secretary. The Nomination & Remuneration Committee consider the time 
and  cost  involved  in  carrying  out  a  formal  process,  especially  one  that  is  externally  facilitated,  cannot  be 
justified for the Company at this stage in its development. 

The Nomination & Remuneration Committee acknowledges the merits in carrying out formal board evaluations 
and will monitor the continuing suitability of this stance as the Company grows in size. 

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Audit committee report 

Overview 
The Audit Committee oversees the Company’s financial reporting process on behalf of the Board of Directors. 
The  Company’s  management  has  the  primary  responsibility  for  the  financial  statements,  for  maintaining 
effective internal control over financial reporting, and for assessing the effectiveness of internal control over 
financial reporting. In fulfilling its oversight responsibilities, the Committee reviewed and discussed the audited 
consolidated financial statements and the notes to them, as set out on pages 288 to 51 of this annual report, 
with Company management, including a discussion of the quality, not just the acceptability, of the accounting 
principles, the reasonableness of significant judgments, and the clarity of disclosures in the financial statements. 

The  Committee  is  governed  by  terms  of  reference,  which  are  available  on  the  Company’s  website  at 
www.alienmetals.uk. The Audit Committee’s terms of reference require it to review its own terms of reference 
once a year; they were last amended on 28 September 2019. 

Independence of the external auditor 
In March 2020, as a part of a cost reduction strategy the Board appointed Jeffreys Henry LLP as the Company’s 
Auditor,  replacing  RSM  UK  Audit  LLP  (“RSM”)  in  the  role.  RSM  confirmed  that  there  were  no  circumstances 
connected with its resignation which they considered should be brought to the notice of the members or the 
creditors of the Company.   

The  independence  of the auditor is considered by the Audit Committee each  year. In assessing the auditor’s 
independence, the Audit Committee consider: 
Ratio of audit fees to non-audit fees 
Length of tenure 

 
 
  Whether  there  are  any  known  material  relationships  between  the  Company,  its  directors  and  senior 

executives, and the audit firm, its partners, and the audit team 
Application of constructive challenge and professional scepticism 

 

Audit and non-audit fees are disclosed in note 4 to the financial statements, on page 40. 

The Audit Committee considers the nature and value (in the context of the audit fee) of any non-audit services 
on the auditor’s independence, and is required to give its prior approval of any such non-audit services. 

Effectiveness of the external audit process 
In considering the effectiveness of the external audit process, the Audit Committee consider: 

 
 
 

Effectiveness of the audit plan, its delivery and execution 
Knowledge and experience of the audit team 
Robustness of the audit 

Internal audit function 
The  Audit Committee considers  annually whether there  is  a  need for an  internal audit function and makes  a 
recommendation to the Board if a change is considered to be appropriate. The Company’s operations are small 
in scale, the organisational structure is flat, and the cost of an internal audit function is not justified at present. 

Risk management 
The financing, exploration, development and mining of any of the Company’s properties is subject to a number 
of factors including the price of copper, silver, gold, lead and zinc, laws and regulations, political conditions, 
currency fluctuations, environmental regulations, hiring and retaining qualified people and obtaining necessary 
services in jurisdictions where the Company operates. 

The Board periodically carries out robust assessments of the emerging and principal risks facing the Company 
including  those  that  would  threaten  its  business  model,  future  performance,  solvency  or  liquidity.  The 
assessment includes a review of all material controls including those which are related to finance, operations 
and compliance. 

The  Audit Committee is responsible  for monitoring the effectiveness of  the Company’s risk  management  and 
internal control systems, and reports to the Board as required. 

Alien Metals operates with a small team of key personnel and with open lines of internal communication. Where 
new  risks  are  identified,  these  are  reported  to  the  Company  Secretary  or  the  Executive  Director.  Where 
practicable, a method of mitigation is determined, and the risk together with any form of mitigation is presented 
to the Board for discussion. 

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The following is a brief discussion of those distinctive or special characteristics of the Company’s operations and 
industry which may have a material impact, or constitute risk factors in respect of the Company’s future financial 
performance. 

Principal risks and uncertainties 

Key risks 

Description of risk 

Mitigating factors 

and 

risks 

incidental 

The  Company's  operations  are  subject  to  all  of  the 
exploration, 
hazards 
development, and the production of minerals, including 
damage to life or property, environmental damage and 
legal  liability  for damage, which could have a material 
adverse  impact  on  the  business  and  its  financial 
performance. 

to 

The  Company  intends  to  acquire  additional  mining 
concessions  in  Mexico,  Australia  or  elsewhere  in  the 
world. 

The  Company  may  be  unable  to  obtain  suitable  mining 
concessions at competitive prices. 

Any exploration programme entails risks relating to the 
location  of  economic  ore  bodies,  the  development  of 
appropriate  metallurgical  processes,  the  receipt  of 
necessary governmental permits and the construction of 
mining and processing facilities. 

In  the  event  that  the  Company’s  portfolio  of  mining 
concessions are deemed by management not to warrant 
further exploration and the Company  is unsuccessful in 
acquiring suitable new projects, the Company will have 
no exploration or development projects to pursue. 

The Company does not hold any concessions in respect of 
which  reserves  or  resource  estimates  have  been 
established  that  comply  with  Canadian  Institute  of 
Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (“CIM”) Standards and 
Guidelines  or  other 
industry 
similar 
standards. 

recognised 

No  assurance  can  be  given  that  any  exploration 
programme  will  result  in  any  new  commercial  mining 
operation or in the discovery of new resources. 

concessions 

Our  mineral 
are 
evaluated  carefully  by  qualified 
geologists, 
independent 
and 
advisors  are  engaged  as  and  when 
appropriate. 

has 
The  management 
significant  experience  operating  in 
Mexico and Australia. 

team 

The  Company  has  had  significant 
success  in  the  past  at  delineating 
mineral  resources  in  accordance 
with NI 43-101. 

Strategic risks 
Exploration  and 
development 
and 
acquisitions 

future 

No  reserves  or 
resources 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key risks 

Description of risk 

Mitigating factors 

Strategic risks 
Mineral 
concessions  and 
titles risks 

In  relation  to  mining  concessions  over  which  the 
Company holds legal rights, if the Company fails to fulfil 
the specific terms of any of its concessions or operates 
in the concession areas in a manner that violates Mexican 
law, regulators may impose fines, suspend or revoke the 
concessions, any of which could have a material adverse 
effect  on  the  Company's  operations  and  proposed 
operations. 

Ownership  of  the  mineral  concessions  has  been 
transferred  from  the  Company’s  former  operating 
subsidiary Alien Metals de Mexico SA de CV (“ASM”) to its 
new  operating  subsidiary,  Compañía  Minera  Estrella  de 
Plata  SA  de  CV  (“CMEP”).  Whilst  the  Company  has 
previously received legal opinions in  respect of  title of 
ASM to its properties there is no guarantee that title to 
such  properties  will  not  be  challenged  or  impugned  by 
third  parties.  The  Company’s  concessions  could  be 
subject  to  prior  unregistered  agreements,  transfers  or 
other claims and title could be affected by unidentified 
or  unknown  defects  or  government  actions.  A  formal 
legal opinion has not been obtained as to the legal title 
of CMEP to the mineral concessions. 

The Company’s mineral concessions 
have been registered in the name of 
CMEP  and  no  contest  or  objection 
was received. 

Prior  to  entering  into  agreements 
relating  to  mineral  concessions, 
formal  searches  and  reviews  of 
legal documentation are conducted 
to  provide  evidence  of  the  legal 
owner,  including  outsourcing  of 
due 
legal 
diligence to legal practitioners. 

tenement 

and/or 

Key risks 

Description of risk 

Mitigating factors 

The  Company  has  an  experienced 
board  and  management  team  with 
significant  experience  in  financing 
mining activities. 

The Company has been successful in 
raising funds in the past and it is our 
intention  to  raise  additional  funds 
in  future  to  support  the  ongoing 
development of the business. 

It  is  expected  that  the  Company 
will  raise  sufficient  funds  from 
investors to fund its future growth, 
exploration,  development,  and 
operating costs. 

Financial risks 
Requirement  of 
additional 
financing 

Liquidity risk 

Failure  to  obtain  sufficient  financing  for  any  projects 
would  result  in  a  delay  or  indefinite  postponement  of 
exploration,  development  or  production  on  properties 
covered by the Company's concessions or even the loss of 
a concession. 

Additional  financing  might  not  be  available  when 
needed, or if available, the terms of such financing might 
not  be  favourable  to  the  Company  and  could  involve 
substantial  dilution  to  shareholders.  In  the  absence  of 
adequate funding or cost reductions, the Company may 
not be able to continue as a going concern. 
The Company’s approach to managing liquidity risk is to 
ensure  that  it  will  have  sufficient  liquidity  to  meet 
liabilities  when  due.  As  at  31  December  2019,  the 
Company had cash of $166k to settle accounts payable of 
$124k.  The  Company’s  accounts  payable  have 
contractual  maturities  of  less  than  30  days  and  are 
subject  to  normal  trade  terms.  In  the  short-term, 
liabilities will be funded by cash. 

Although the Company has been successful in the past in 
raising  equity  finance,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that 
the funding required by the Group will be made available 
to  it  when  needed  or,  if  such  funding  were  to  be 
available, that it would be offered on reasonable terms. 
The terms of such financing might not be favourable to 
the  Group  and  might  involve  substantial  dilution  to 
existing shareholders. 

17 

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O

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key risks 

Description of risk 

Mitigating factors 

The  Group’s  objective  when  managing  capital  is  to 
safeguard  the  Group’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going 
concern  and  have  access  to  adequate  funding  for  its 
exploration  and  development  projects,  so  that  it  can 
provide  returns for  shareholders  and  benefits  for  other 
stakeholders. The Group manages  the capital  structure 
and  makes  adjustments  in  the  light  of  changes  in 
economic  conditions  and  risk  characteristics  of  the 
underlying assets. 

The price risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash 
flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of 
changes  in  market  prices,  whether  those  changes  are 
caused  by  factors  specific  to  the  individual  financial 
instrument  or  its  issuer,  or  factors  affecting  all  similar 
financial instruments in the market. 

The  Company’s  exploration  expenditure  is  made  in 
Mexican pesos, Australian dollars or US dollars and head 
office  expenses  are  predominantly  made  in  the  UK  in 
pounds  sterling.  The  Company  is  therefore  exposed  to 
the movement in exchange rates for these currencies. 

At  the  year  end  the  majority  of  the  Company’s  cash 
resources were held in GBP. The Company therefore also 
has  downside  exposure  to  any  weakening  of  pound 
sterling  against  the  US  dollar  as  this  would  increase 
expenses in US dollar terms and accelerate the depletion 
of  the  Company’s  cash  resources.  Any  strengthening  of 
pound sterling or the Mexican peso against the US dollar 
would, however, result in a reduction in expenses in US 
dollar terms and preserve the Company’s cash resources. 

In addition, any movements in pounds sterling or Mexican 
peso would affect the presentation of the consolidated 
statement  of  financial  position  when  the  net  assets  of 
the Mexican subsidiary and parent company in the UK are 
translated  from  their  functional  currencies  into  US 
dollars. 
The  Company’s  credit  risk  is  primarily  attributable  to 
cash and the financial stability of the institutions holding 
it. 

The  Group’s  maximum  exposure  to  credit  risk  is 
attributable  to  cash.  The  credit  risk  on  cash  is  limited 
because the Group invests its cash in deposits with well 
capitalised  financial  institutions  with  strong  credit 
ratings. 

The Company may from time to time hold shares in other 
mining companies, such as SGL UK. There is not always a 
liquid market for the shares in companies such as SGL UK 
companies and so it may not always  be possible to sell 
such shares at the optimum time or price. 

In  order  to  maintain  or  adjust  the 
capital  structure  the  Group  may 
issue  new  shares,  acquire  debt,  or 
sell  assets.  Management  regularly 
reviews  cash  flow  forecasts  to 
determine  whether  the  Group  has 
sufficient  cash  reserves  to  meet 
capital 
working 
future 
and 
requirements 
take 
advantage 
business 
of 
opportunities. 
The  Company  does  not  currently 
have  any  financial  instruments  in 
issue other than  share options and 
warrants. 

to 

The  Company  does  not  hedge  its 
exposure to price risk. 
The  Company  does  not  currently 
hedge foreign exchange risk. 

There  is  not  considered  to  be  any 
material  exposure  in  respect  of 
other  monetary 
and 
liabilities of the Group. 

assets 

The  Company  invests  its  cash  in 
deposits  with  well-capitalised 
financial  institutions  with  strong 
credit ratings. 

The  Company  has  previously  been 
successful  in  realising  value  from 
investments. 

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Financial risks 
Capital 
management 
risk 

Price risk 

Foreign 
currency risk 

Credit risk 

Investment risk 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key risks 

Description of risk 

Mitigating factors 

External risks 
Metals prices 

The  Company’s  ability  to  obtain  further  financing  will 
depend  in  part  on  the  price  of  commodity  prices, 
including copper, silver, lead and zinc, and the industry’s 
perception of its future price. The Company's resources 
and financial results of operations will also be affected 
by fluctuations in metal prices over which the Company 
has  no  control.  A  reduction  in  the  metal  prices  could 
from  being 
prevent 
economically mined or result in curtailment of  existing 
production  activities  or  result  in  the  impairment  and 
write-off of assets. 

the  Company’s  properties 

It  is  an  accepted  risk  that  the 
Company’s  performance  will  be 
impacted by the price of metals. 

The Board and management believe 
the  price  of  precious  metals  in 
particular, will increase in the long 
term. 

The  Company  does  not  hedge  its 
exposure to metals prices. 

The price of commodities, which is affected by numerous 
factors including inflation levels, fluctuations in the US 
dollar  and  other  currencies,  supply  and  demand  and 
political  and  economic  conditions,  could  have  a 
significant  influence  on  the  market  price  of  the 
Company’s common shares. 

Key risks 

Description of risk 

Mitigating factors 

Operational risks 
Reliance on 
contractors  

The  Company  relies  on  contractors  to  implement 
exploration and development programmes. The failure of 
a contractor or key service provider to perform properly 
its services to the Company could delay or inconvenience 
the Company’s operations, and have a materially adverse 
effect on the Company. 

The  Company  has  operated 
in 
Zacatecas  in  Mexico,  for  several 
years and has well-established and 
trusted  relationships  with  various 
contractors. The Company also has 
considerable  experience  operating 
in Australia. 

and 

significant 

Certain of the Company’s directors 
have 
recent 
experience  operating 
in  other 
global jurisdictions, which may help 
identify reliable contractors. 
The  Board  has  established  a 
Nomination 
Remuneration 
Committee which is responsible for 
considering succession planning and 
ensuring remuneration is sufficient 
to attract and retain staff of a the 
necessary calibre. 

& 

Key personnel 

The  Company's  business  is  dependent  on  retaining  the 
services  of  a  small  number  of  key  personnel  of  the 
appropriate  calibre  as  the  business  develops.  The 
Company has entered into employment agreements with 
certain  key  managers.  The  success  of  the  Company  is, 
and  will  continue  to  be  to  a  significant  extent, 
dependent  on  the  expertise  and  experience  of  the 
directors  and  senior  management.  The  loss  of  one  or 
more of these individuals could have a materially adverse 
effect on the Company. The Company does not currently 
have  any  insurance  in  place  with  respect  to  key 
personnel. 

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Key risks 

Description of risk 

Mitigating factors 

Operational risks 
Environmental 
factors 

The Company's operations are subject to environmental 
regulation in the jurisdictions in which it operates. Such 
regulation  covers  a  wide  variety  of  matters  including, 
without  limitation,  prevention  of  waste,  pollution  and 
protection  of  the  environment,  labour  regulations  and 
health  and  safety.  The  Company  might  also  be  subject 
under such regulations to clean-up costs and liability for 
toxic or hazardous  substances, which  might exist on or 
under any of the properties covered by its concessions, 
or which might be produced as a result of its operations. 

If  the  Company  does  not  comply  with  environmental 
regulations  or  does  not  file  environmental  impact 
statements in relation to each of its concessions, it might 
be  subject  to  penalties,  its  operations  might  be 
suspended,  closed  and/or  its  concessions  may  be 
revoked. 

The  Company  has  an  experienced 
board  and  management  team  with 
an  awareness  and  knowledge  of 
these types of risk. 

to 

their  acquisition 

Concessions are evaluated carefully 
prior 
for 
environmental risks and consultants 
are  engaged  to  advise  on  specific 
risks when appropriate. 

The Company has an excellent track 
record on environmental matters. 

directors 

believe 
of  Mexico 

the 
The 
governments 
and 
Australia  support  the  development 
of  natural  resources  by  foreign 
operators. 

The  directors  have  in  place  a 
system  of 
internal  controls  to 
ensure any payment obligations are 
complied with. 

Environmental  legislation  and  permit  requirements  are 
likely to evolve  in a manner which will require stricter 
fines  and 
standards  and  enforcement, 
penalties 
stringent 
environmental  assessments  of  proposed  projects  and  a 
heightened  degree  of  responsibility  for  companies  and 
their directors and employees. 

increased 
non-compliance,  more 

for 

The Company's activities could be subject to prolonged 
disruptions due to weather conditions depending on the 
location  of  operations  in  which  the  Company  has 
interests. 
The  Company  is  conducting  its  exploration  activities  in 
the Zacatecas region Mexico, and in Western Australia. 
The Company  may  be adversely affected by  changes  in 
economic,  political,  judicial,  administrative  or  other 
regulatory  factors  such  as  taxation  these  jurisdictions, 
where the Company operates and holds its major assets. 
Mexico  may have a more  volatile political  environment 
and/or more challenging trading conditions than in some 
other  parts  of  the  world.  There  is  no  assurance  that 
future  political  and  economic  conditions  in  Mexico  will 
not  result  in  the  government  of  Mexico  adopting 
different policies in respect of foreign development and 
ownership  of  mineral  resources.  Any  such  changes  in 
policy may result in changes in laws affecting ownership 
of  assets,  taxation,  rates  of  exchange,  environmental 
protection, labour relations, and repatriation of income 
and return of capital. These changes may affect both the 
Company's  ability 
to  undertake  exploration  and 
development activities in respect of future properties in 
the manner currently contemplated, as well as its ability 
to continue to explore and develop those properties, in 
respect  of  which  it  has  obtained  exploration  and 
development rights to date. 
Under  the  mineral  property  concessions  and  certain 
other contractual agreements to which a member of the 
Group is, or may in the future become, a party, any such 
company  is,  or  may  become,  subject  to  payment  and 
other  obligations.  If  such  obligations  are  not  complied 
with when due, in addition to any other remedies which 
may  be  available  to  other  parties,  this  could  result  in 
dilution  or  forfeiture  of 
interests  held  by  such 
companies. 

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Political risk 

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Payment 
obligations 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key risks 

Description of risk 

Mitigating factors 

Operational risks 
Regulatory 
approvals 

Competition 

Conflicts of 
interest  

The  operations  of  the  Company  require  approvals, 
licenses and permits from various regulatory authorities, 
governmental and otherwise. There can be no guarantee 
that the Company will be able to obtain or maintain all 
necessary  approvals,  licenses  and  permits  that  may  be 
required  to  explore  and  develop  its  various  projects 
and/or  commence  construction  or  operation  of  mining 
facilities that economically justify the cost. 
The Company competes with numerous other companies 
and  individuals  in  the  search  for  and  acquisition  of 
mineral  claims,  leases  and  other  mineral  interests,  as 
well  as  for  the  recruitment  and  retention  of  qualified 
employees. There is significant competition for the silver 
and  other  precious  metals  opportunities  available  and, 
as  a  result,  the  Company  may  be  unable  to  acquire 
further  mineral  concessions  on  terms  it  considers 
acceptable. 
Certain directors and officers of the Company also serve 
as directors and/or officers of other companies involved 
in  mineral 
and 
consequently  there  is  the  potential  for  conflicts  of 
interest. The Company expects that any such director or 
officer shall disclose such interest in accordance with its 
articles  of  association  or  his  contractual  obligations  to 
the  Company  and  any  decision  made  by  any  of  such 
directors  and  officers  involving  the  Company  will  be 
made in accordance with their duties and obligations to 
deal  fairly  and  in  good  faith  with  a  view  to  the  best 
interests of the Company and its shareholders. 

and  development 

exploration 

The  Company  has 
significant 
experience  in  operating  in  Mexico 
and Australia, and believes that the 
Company  holds  or  will  obtain  all 
necessary  approvals,  licenses  and 
permits  under  applicable  laws  and 
regulations in respect of its current 
projects. 
The  Company  and  its  management 
team have significant experience in 
in  Mexico. 
mining  operations 
and 
Through 
Mexico, 
relationships 
counterparties  may  consider  the 
Company to have lower transaction 
risk than its competitors. 

experience 

its 

in 

Articles 

Company’s 

of 
The 
Association  have  been  adopted  by 
shareholders  and  any  conflicts  of 
interest 
in 
accordance  with  the  rules  set  out 
therein. 

dealt  with 

are 

In  the  event  of  a  conflict  of 
interests,  the  conflicted  director 
shall  not  vote  on  the  relevant 
matter. 

Viability statement and going concern 
The Board has assessed the prospects of the Group over a period of 12 months from the date of approval of these 
financial statements, involving a review of the Group’s forecast prepared for the year ending 31 December 2020 
and taking account of the Board’s intentions for future activities after that date. As explained further in note 
2(C), taking account of the Group’s current position and principal risks, over a 12 month period, the Board has 
a reasonable expectation that the Group will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall 
due over that period albeit additional funding will be required to enable the Group to meet all of its objectives. 
The raising of additional funding is fundamental to the future success of the business and therefore gives rise to 
a material uncertainty, although the Board notes the Group’s successful track record in having raised finance in 
the past as necessary to meet the Group’s ongoing cash requirements. 

The Board considers these periods of assessment to be appropriate because they contextualise the Company’s 
financial position, business model and strategy. 

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Financial statements 

Directors’ responsibilities statement 
The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and financial statements and have prepared the 
Group financial statements  in accordance with  International  Financial Reporting Standards in order to give  a 
true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and of its profit or loss for that period, in accordance with 
the rules of the London Stock Exchange for companies trading securities on AIM.  

In preparing these financial statements the directors are required to: 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

 
  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
 

state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs, subject to any material departures 
disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that 
the Company and the Group will continue in business. 

 

The  directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  records  that  are  sufficient  to  show  and  explain  the  Group  and 
Company’s transactions and will, at any time, enable the financial position of the Group and Company to be 
determined with reasonable accuracy. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and 
the  Group  and  hence  for  taking  reasonable  steps  for  the  prevention  and  detection  of  fraud  and  other 
irregularities. 

The  directors  are  responsible  for  the  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  corporate  and  financial  information 
included  on  the  Company's  website.  Legislation  in  the  British  Virgin  Islands  governing  the  preparation  and 
dissemination of the Company’s financial statements and other information included in the annual reports may 
differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

The directors consider this Annual report and accounts, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced, understandable, and 
provides the information necessary for  shareholders to assess the company’s  position, performance, business 
model and strategy. 

Statement as to disclosure of information to auditor 
Each of the persons who is a Director at the date of approval of this annual report confirms that: 

 

 

so far as the Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Group’s auditor is 
unaware; and 

the Director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a Director in order to make himself 
aware  of  any  relevant  audit  information  and  to  establish  that  the  Group’s  auditor  is  aware  of  that 
information. 

Jeffreys Henry LLP were appointed as auditor to the Group, a resolution proposing that they be re-appointed 
will be put at a General Meeting. 

On behalf of the board, 

D Smith 
Non-executive Chairman  
30 June 2020 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF ALIEN METALS LTD 

Opinion 
We  have  audited  the  consolidated  financial  statements  of  Alien  Metals  Ltd  (the  ‘parent  company’)  and  its 
subsidiaries (the ‘group’) for the year ended 31 December 2019 which comprise the consolidated statement of 
income  and  other  comprehensive  income,  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position,  the  consolidated 
statement  of  cash  flows,  the  consolidated  statement  of  changes  in  equity  and  the  notes  to the  consolidated 
financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework 
that has been applied in the preparation of the group financial statements is applicable law and International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union.  

In our opinion:  

 

 

the  group financial statements give a true  and fair view  of the state of  the Group’s  affairs as at 31 
December 2019 and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended; and 
the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by 
the European Union;  

Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 
law.  Our  responsibilities  under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s  responsibilities  for  the 
audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with 
the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s 
Ethical  Standard  as  applied  to  listed  entities,  and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical  responsibilities  in 
accordance  with  these  requirements.  We  believe  that  the  audit  evidence we  have  obtained  is  sufficient  and 
appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Material uncertainty related to going concern 
We draw attention to note 2(C) in the group financial statements, which indicates that the group will need to 
raise  additional  finance  in  order  to  continue  with  its  exploration  programmes  and  to  meet  its  recurring 
expenditure, and that, although the group has been successful in the past in raising additional finance, there 
can be no assurance that the funding required by the group will be made available to it when needed or, if such 
funding were to be available, that it would be offered on reasonable terms. 

As stated in note 2(C), these conditions, along with the other matters as set forth in note 2(C), indicate that a 
material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt over the group’s ability to continue as a going concern 
for a period of at least twelve months from the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue and 
significant doubt over the group’s longer term ability to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they 
fall due over the period of their viability assessment on page 21.  

Whilst  there  is  a  global  impact  of  the  COVID-19  outbreak,  the  Group  has  been  able  to  operate  during  the 
pandemic to date. It remains  difficult to assess reliably whether  there will be any material  disruption  in the 
future which could adversely impact the Group’s forecast. 

See  the  going  concern  assumption  key  matter  on  pages  24  where  we  describe  how  we  have    evaluated 
management’s assessment and the key observations arising with respect to that evaluation. 

Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

Our audit approach 
Overview 
Key audit matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit 
of  the  financial  statements  of  the  current  period  and  include  the  most  significant  assessed  risks  of  material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the 
overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. 
These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming 
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. This is not a complete list of 
all risks identified by our audit. 

  Going concern assumption 
 
 

Carrying value of intangible assets  
Carrying value of financial asset investments 

These are explained in more detail below. 

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Key audit matters 
Key audit matter 
Going concern assumption 

The  Group  is  dependent  upon  its  ability  to  generate 
sufficient cash flows to meet continued operational costs 
and hence continue trading.  

The  Directors  have  considered  the  cash  requirements  of 
the business for the following 12 months. As part of this 
process, they have taken into account existing liabilities, 
along with detailed operating cashflow requirements. The 
projections prepared include ongoing running costs of the 
Group  and  committed  expenditure  at  the  date  of 
approving the financial statements. 

The  Directors  have  identified  a  variety  of  potential 
sources  of  funds  including  issue  of  additional  equity 
and/or  debt  and  shareholder  loans.  In  addition,  the 
Directors have identified additional cost reductions which 
may be implemented if necessary. 
Key  assumptions  that  impact  the  conclusions  are  the 
ability  to  fundraise  and  the  ability  to  control  operating 
costs.  

These are therefore inherent risks that the forecasts may 
understate future costs, and that the Company will not be 
able to operate within its cash resources and continue to 
operate as a going concern. 

The  COVID-19  pandemic  has  created  a  great  deal  of 
uncertainty regarding the future outlook of the business. 

Carrying value of intangible assets  

Intangible  assets  comprise  exploration  assets,  being 
accumulated  licence  acquisition  costs  and  subsequent 
capitalised expenditure on those concessions. The Group 
had  intangibles  of  US$492k  at  the  year-end  (2018  as 
restated: US$231k). 

24 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

We have performed the following audit procedures:  

 

Evaluated the suitability of management’s model for 
the forecast. 

The forecast includes a number of assumptions related to 
future cash flows and associated risks. Our audit work has 
focused on evaluating and challenging the reasonableness 
of  these  assumptions  and  their  impact  on  the  forecast 
period  and  ensuring  that  all  key  matters  are  correctly 
disclosed in the going concern note. 

Specifically,  we  obtained,  challenged  and  assessed 
management’s  going  concern  forecast  and  performed 
procedures including: 
 

Verifying  the  consistency  of  key  inputs  and  fund 
raisers relating to future costs to other financial and 
operational information obtained during the audit; 
Corroborated  with  management  relating  to  future 
cash inflows.  

 

  We  reviewed  the  latest  management  accounts  to 

gauge the financial position.  

  We  performed  sensitivity  analysis  on  the  cash  flow 

forecasts prepared by the directors. 

  We performed a mechanical check on the cash flow 

 

 

forecast model prepared by the directors. 
Considered the Group’s historic ability to raise funds; 
and 
Reviewed  the  financing  options  available  to  the 
Group  to  evaluate  the  ability  of  the  Group  to  pay 
their debts as they become due. 

We have enquired with management as to the impact of 
COVID-19 and the steps being taken to limit the impact of 
the  pandemic  on  the  business.  We  have  reviewed 
forecasts and latest bank balances to ensure the group can 
cover its overheads. The forecasts have been stress tested 
by  management  and  the  assumptions  have  been 
challenged. 

We  note  that  post  year  end  the  group  have  successfully 
raised  additional  funding  of  £700k  (before  expenses)  in 
February 2020 and £275k (before expenses) in May 2020 as 
result of share placings.  

Due  to  the  risks  outlined  above,  a  material  uncertainty 
relating  to  going  concern  is  highlighted  in  the  auditor’s 
report.  

We have performed the following audit procedures:  

  We have confirmed the existence and ownership 
of key licenses to confirm that the group holds a 
valid right to explore the projects.  

  We have vouched additions of exploration  costs 

and ensured compliance with IFRS 6. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included within intangibles assets were additions relating 
to capitalised exploration costs.  

The Directors have a duty to confirm that all intangibles, 
are correctly recognised. 

As  these  are  the  group’s  primary  assets,  the  continued 
existence  and  ownership  of  these  assets  is  a  key  audit 
matter. Additionally, management is required, by IFRS 6, 
to consider whether there are any impairment indicators 
which may suggest that the exploration costs will not be 
recoverable.  Such  indicators  include  the  expiry  or 
potential non-renewal of licences, absence of planned or 
budgeted  expenditure  on  further  exploration,  the 
discontinuance of exploration activities in a specific area 
consequent  on  the  non-discovery  of  commercially  viable 
minerals,  or  data  which  indicates  that  the  carrying 
amount of the asset is unlikely to be recovered in full from 
development or sale of the asset.  

Carrying value of financial asset investments 

The group holds an investment in the shares of an unlisted 
company, Siberian Goldfields Limited, which is carried at 
fair  value  through  other  comprehensive  income  in 
accordance  with  the  requirements  of  IFRS  9.  The 
investment  held  in  Siberian  Goldfields  Limited  has  been 
fully impaired in the year to US$1 (2018: US$78k).  

As the measurement of fair value of a small equity holding 
in  an  unlisted  company  requires,  in  the  absence  of  a 
readily  observable  market  price,  the  application  of 
judgement  and  use  of  estimates,  the  valuation  is 
considered to be a key audit matter. 

  We  have  reviewed  expert  reports  in  relation  to 

the concessions and their future viability. 

  We  have  reviewed  disclosures  made  in  the 

financial statements. 

  We have reviewed the directors’ consideration of 
impairment  indicators  and  comparing  this  to 
other information available to us, including RNS 
announcements, 
expenditure, 
management’s plans and budgets. 

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Based on the audit work performed we are satisfied that 
the  management  have  appropriately  considered  the 
carrying value in accordance with accounting standards.  

We have performed the following audit procedures: 

  We  have  confirmed  the  number  of  shares  held 
and the total issued shares of the investee entity.  

  We  have  reviewed  the  valuation  adopted  by 
management, challenging the assumptions made.  

  We have reviewed publicly available information 
on  valuations  adopted  by other  investors  in  the 
shares  and  compared  this  to  the  group’s 
valuation. 

As  no  public  information  was  available  on  valuations  by 
other investors at the date of signing this report and since 
there  is  no  active  market  for  the  shares  of  Siberian 
Goldfields Limited, we agreed with management the need 
to  impair  the  investment  as  an  appropriate  fair  value 
could not be determined. 

Our application of materiality 
The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative thresholds 
for materiality. These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine the scope of our audit 
and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures on the individual financial 
statement  line  items  and  disclosures  and  in  evaluating  the  effect  of  misstatements,  both  individually  and  in 
aggregate on the financial statements as a whole. 

Based  on  our  professional  judgement,  we  determined  materiality  for  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  as 
follows: 

Overall materiality 

How we determined it 
Rationale for 
benchmark applied 

Group financial statements 
US$18,500 (31 December 2018: US$30,000). 

Based on 2.5% of gross assets 
We  believe that  the  gross  assets  is  a  primary  measure 
used by shareholders in assessing the performance of the 
Group,  as  the  group  is  at  a  pre-revenue  stage  and  is 
asset heavy. 

25 

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We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them misstatements identified during our audit 
above US$1,000 (Group audit) (31 December 2018: US$1,000) as well as misstatements below those amounts 
that, in our view, warranted reporting for qualitative reasons. 

An overview of the scope of our audit 
As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in the 
group financial statements. In particular, we looked at where the directors made subjective judgements, for 
example in respect of significant accounting estimates that involved making assumptions and considering future 
events that are inherently uncertain. As in all of our audits we also addressed the risk of management override 
of internal controls, including evaluating whether there was evidence of bias by the directors that represented 
a risk of material misstatement due to fraud. 

How we tailored the audit scope 
We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an opinion on 
the financial statements as a whole, taking into account the structure of the Group, the accounting processes 
and controls, and the industry in which they operate. 

The  group  financial  statements  are  a  consolidation  of  2  reporting  units,  comprising  the  Group’s  operating 
businesses. The Group comprises the parent undertaking, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, its principal 
operating subsidiary, Compania Minera Estrella de Plata S.A de C.V. and five non-trading or intermediate holding 
companies, all registered in England. A full scope audit to group materiality levels was performed on the parent 
undertaking and Compania Minera Estrella de Plata S.A de C.V. This resulted in 100% coverage of consolidated 
expenditures and 100% of the group’s gross and net assets. 

We performed audits of the complete financial information of the Group reporting units, which were individually 
financially  significant  and  accounted  for  100%  of  the  Group’s  absolute  profit  before  tax  (i.e.  the  sum  of  the 
numerical values without regard to whether they were profits or losses for the relevant reporting units). We also 
performed  specified  audit  procedures  over  other  intangible  assets,  as  well  as  certain  account  balances  and 
transaction classes that we regarded as material to the Group at the 2 reporting units. 

The Group engagement team performed all audit procedures.  

Other information 
The  directors  are  responsible  for  the  other  information.  The  other  information  comprises  the  information 
included in the annual report, other than the group financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our 
opinion  on  the  group  financial  statements  does  not  cover  the  other  information  and,  except  to  the  extent 
otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the group financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information 
and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements 
or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the  audit  or  otherwise  appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  identify  such 
material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a 
material misstatement in the group financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. 
If,  based  on  the  work  we  have  performed,  we  conclude  that  there  is  a  material  misstatement  of  this  other 
information, we are required to report that fact.  

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

In this context, we have a responsibility to specifically address the following items in the other information and 
to report as uncorrected material misstatements of the other information where we conclude that those items 
meet the following conditions: 

 

 

 

Fair, balanced and understandable – the statement given by the directors that they consider the annual 
report and financial statements taken as a whole is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the 
information necessary for shareholders to assess the group’s performance, business model and strategy, 
is materially inconsistent with our knowledge obtained in the audit; or  
Audit  committee  reporting  –  the  section  describing  the  work  of  the  audit  committee  does  not 
appropriately address matters communicated by us to the audit committee; or 
Directors’ statement of compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code set out on page 6 - whether 
the  directors’  statement  relating  to  going  concern,  required  under  provisions  30  and  31  of  the  UK 
Corporate Governance Code 2019, is materially inconsistent with our knowledge obtained in the audit. 

Responsibilities of directors 
As  explained  more  fully  in  the  directors’  responsibilities  statement  set  out  on  page  22,  the  directors  are 
responsible for the preparation of the group financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of 
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the group financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and parent 
company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern 
and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the 
parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the group financial statements as a whole are 
free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes 
our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted 
in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists.  

Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they 
could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial 
statements. 

A  further description  of our responsibilities for the audit  of  the group financial statements is  located  on the 
Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part 
of our auditor’s report. 

Use of this report 
This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with our engagement letter. Our 
audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters that we are 
required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, 
we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company, or the Company's members as a 
body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Sanjay Parmar 
Senior Statutory Auditor 
For and on behalf of  
Jeffreys Henry LLP (Statutory Auditors) 
Finsgate 
5-7 Cranwood Street 
London  EC1V 9EE  
30 June 2020 

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Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(Tabulated amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars unless otherwise stated) 

Continuing operations 
Administrative expenses 
Operating loss 

Net investment income 
Loss for the year before taxation  
Tax 
Loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders of the parent 

Other comprehensive income that may be reclassified to profit or 
loss: 
Foreign exchange translation differences recognised directly in equity 
Movement in equity instrument 
Other comprehensive income for the year 
Total  comprehensive  income  for  the  year  attributable  to  equity 
shareholders of the parent 
Basic and diluted loss per share (US cents/share) 

All activities relate to continuing operations. 

Note 

2019 

As restated 
2018 

4 

6 

7 

17 

(1,042) 
(1,042) 

(4) 
(1,046) 
- 
(1,046) 

10 
(81) 
(71) 
(1,117) 

(1,531) 
(1,531) 

(2) 
(1,533) 
- 
(1,533) 

(70) 
(56) 
(126) 
(1,659) 

8 

(0.1) 

(0.3) 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated statement of financial position 
As at 31 December 2019 
(Tabulated amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars unless otherwise stated) 

Assets 
Financial asset investments 
Intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Total non-current assets 

Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total current assets 
Total assets 

Equity attributable to equity shareholders of the parent 
Share capital 
Warrant reserve 
Share-based payment reserve 
Equity investment reserve 
Foreign exchange translation reserve 
Accumulated losses 
Total equity 
Liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Total current liabilities 
Total liabilities 
Total equity and liabilities 

Note 

2019 

As 
restated 
2018 

17 
9 
10 

11 
12 

13  
13 
13 
17 
13 

15 

- 
492 
1 
493 

63 
166 
229 
722 

78 
231 
3 
312 

94 
298 
392 
704 

56,814 
261 
1,121  
(272) 
1,887 
(59,212) 
599 

53,870 
2,183 
1,057 
(185) 
1,871 
(58,166) 
630 

123 
123 
123 
722 

74 
74 
74 
704 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 30 June 2020 and 
were signed on its behalf by: 

Dan Smith  
Non-executive Chairman 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

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Consolidated statement of cash flows 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(Tabulated amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars unless otherwise stated) 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss before tax from continuing operations 
Adjustments for non-cash items: 
  Depreciation 
  Exchange difference 
  Finance charges 
  Equity-settled share-based payment transactions 
Decrease/(Increase) in trade and other receivables 
Increase/(Decrease) in trade and other payables 
Cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Interest received 
Purchase of intangible assets 
Cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from convertible loan 
Proceeds from issue of share capital and warrants 
Issue costs 
Cash from financing activities 

Net (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January 
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held 
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December  

Note 

2019 

2018 

(1,046) 

(1,533) 

10 

6 

11 
15 

6 
9 

13 
13 
13 

12 

2 
(6) 
5 
64 
34 
46 
(901) 

(1) 
(261) 
(262) 

264 
834 
(76) 
1,022 

(141) 
298 
9 
166  

3 
30 
- 
260 
(40) 
(18) 
(1,298) 

- 
(27) 
(27) 

- 
813 
(16) 
797 

(528) 
876 
(50) 
298   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(Tabulated amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars unless otherwise stated) 

Share 
capital 

Warrant 
reserve 

Share 
based 
payment 
reserve 

Equity 
investment 
reserve 

As restated 

Foreign 
exchange 
translation 
reserve 

As 
restated 

Total 

Accumulated 
losses 

52,965 
- 

2,166 
- 

1,389 
- 

(129) 
- 

1,941 
- 

(57,099) 
(1,533) 

1,233 
(1,533) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

984 
(62) 
- 
- 
(17) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
17 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
(466) 
134 
- 

- 

(38) 

(56) 

- 

- 

- 

(38) 

(56) 

(56) 

(38) 

(1,533) 

(1,627) 

- 

(32) 

- 

(32) 

(56) 

(70) 

(1,533) 

(1,659) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
-  
- 
- 

- 
- 
466 
- 
- 

984 
(62) 
- 
134 
- 

630 

53,870 

2,183 

1,057 

(185) 

1,871 

(58,166) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
1,098 
(76) 
- 
(244) 
2,166 
56,814 

- 
- 
- 
- 
244 
(2,166) 
261 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
64 
- 
- 
1,121 

- 

(6) 

(81) 

(87) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
-   
(272) 

- 

16 

- 

16 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,887 

(1,046) 

(1,046) 

- 

- 

(1,046) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
-    

(59,212) 

10 

(81) 

(1,117) 
1,098 
(76) 
64 
- 
- 
599 

Balance: 31 December 2017 
Loss for the year 
Foreign exchange translation 
differences recognised 
directly in equity 

Movement on equity 
investment fair value 
Total comprehensive income 
before restatement 

Restated foreign exchange 
translation differences 
recognised directly in equity 
(As restated) (note 19) 
Total comprehensive income 
(As restated) 
Shares issued for cash 
Share issue costs 
Lapse of share options 
Share based payment 
Fair value of warrants issued 
Balance: 1 January 2019 
(As restated) 
Loss for the year 
Foreign exchange translation 
differences recognised 
directly in equity 
Movement in equity 
instrument 
Total comprehensive income 
Shares issued 
Share issue costs 
Share based payment 
Fair value of warrants issued 
Cancellation of warrants 
Balance: 31 December 2019 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

31 

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Reporting entity 

1. 
Alien  Metals  Ltd  (the  “Company”)  is  a  public  company  limited  by  shares  and  was  incorporated  in  the  British 
Virgin  Islands.  The  consolidated  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2019  comprise  the 
Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the “Group”). 

The Group is primarily involved in the acquisition and development of mineral resource assets. 

2. 

Basis of preparation 

Statement of compliance 

(A) 
The consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 have been prepared in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards 
Board. IFRIC interpretations and the British Virgin Island Business Companies Act 2004. 

The  Group  has  adopted  all  of  the  new  and  revised  Standards  and  Interpretations  that  are  relevant  to  its 
operations and effective for accounting periods beginning 1 January 2019. The adoption of these new and revised 
Standards and Interpretations had no material effect on the profit or loss or financial position of the Group. The 
Group has not adopted any standards or interpretations in advance of the required implementation dates. 

IFRS 16 Leases is effective for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019 and therefore being adopted for the 
first time in these financial statements. Under IFRS 16, lessees may elect not to recognise assets and liabilities 
for leases with a lease term of 12 months or less. The Company’s office premises are currently under 12 months 
contract so the Company has taken the IFRS 16 scope exemption and have chosen to recognise the lease payments 
in profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.  

IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over income tax treatments is effective for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019. 
This standard clarifies how to recognise and measure current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities when 
there is uncertainty over income tax treatments. Adoption of standard had no material effect on the Group or 
the Company.  

The accounts were approved by the board and authorised for issue on 30 June 2020. 

(B) 

Future standards and possible effects 

Amendments to Existing Standards 
Amendments to References to the conceptual framework in IFRSs 
Amendment to IFRS 3 Business Combinations: Definition of Business 
Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8: Definition of Material 

1 Periods beginning unless noted otherwise. 

Issued Date 

IASB mandatory 
effective date1   

29-Mar-18 
22-Oct-18 
31-Oct-18 

01-Jan-20 
01-Jan-20 
01-Jan-20 

In January 2020, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1, which clarify the criteria used to determine whether 
liabilities are classified as current or non-current. These amendments clarify that current or non-current 
classification is based on whether an entity has a right at the end of the reporting period to defer settlement 
of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. The amendments also clarify that 
‘settlement’ includes the transfer of cash, goods, services, or equity instruments unless the obligation to 
transfer equity instruments arises from a conversion feature classified as an equity instrument separately from 
the liability component of a compound financial instrument. The amendments are effective for annual 
reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022. 

The application of the above standards in the future financial statements is not expected to have a material 
impact on the financial statements. 

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32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. 

Basis of preparation (continued) 

Going concern 

(C)  
The directors regularly review cash flow forecasts to determine whether the Group has sufficient cash reserves 
to  meet  future  working  capital  requirements  and  discretionary  business  development  opportunities  including 
exploration activities. 

The Group’s assets are at an early stage and in order to meet financing requirements for their development the 
Company has raised funds by way of several discrete share placements, which is a common practice for junior 
mineral exploration companies. 

Subsequent to the reporting date, on 31 January 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) announced a global 
health emergency because of a new strain of coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China (COVID-19 outbreak) and 
the risks to the international community as the virus spreads globally beyond its point of origin. Because of the 
rapid increase in exposure globally, on 11 March 2020, the WHO classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. 
These events had a significant negative impact on world stock markets, currencies and general business activities 
primarily in the March and June quarters, with stabilisation and improvement witnessed throughout June. 

On 25 March, the Company provided an update to shareholders regarding the level of impact that COVID-19 was 
having to the Company and its operations. While there were restrictions to certain ground based activities that 
the  Company  could  undertake  due  to  limits  on  travel  and  public  gatherings,  the  Company  has  been  able  to 
continue with a range of desktop based activities to add value to its portfolio of projects.  

The  Company  issued  a  convertible  loan  note  in  February  2019  which  raised  gross  proceeds  of  £202,247 
(US$264,202 based on an  exchange rate  of £:$ 1.306). On 10 April  2019 the conversion  option was  exercised 
resulting in the issue of 202,247,000 shares. 

The Company successfully raised a further £300,000 (US$389,766 based on an exchange rate of £:$ 1.299 as at 
13 May 2019) before expenses by way of a brokered private placing of shares at a price 0.15 pence per share. 

In addition to the private placings during 2019, in February 2020, the Company successfully raised gross proceeds 
of £700,000 (US$907,000 based on an exchange rate of 1.2953) in a placing and subscription of 466,666,666 new 
ordinary shares at a price of 0.15 pence per share.   

On 11 May 2020, the Company announced that it had raised an additional £275,000 (before costs), through a 
placing and subscription of 343,750,000 new ordinary shares at a price of 0.08 pence per share.  

Please refer to note 19 for further details. 

As evidenced above, the directors believe that the Group will be able to raise additional funds to continue with 
any future acquisitions or exploration programmes and to meet recurring expenditure and, taking account of the 
Company’s current position and principal risks, therefore consider it appropriate to prepare the Group’s financial 
statements on a going concern basis. 

Although the Company has been successful in the past in raising finance, there can be no assurance that the 
funding required by the Group will be made available to it when needed or, if such funding were to be available, 
that it would be offered on reasonable terms. The terms of such financing might not be favourable to the Group 
and  might  involve  substantial  dilution  to  existing  shareholders.  These  conditions  indicate  the  existence  of  a 
material uncertainty which may cast significant doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern 
and therefore it may be unable to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. 
The financial statements do not include the adjustments that would result if the Group was unable to continue 
as a going concern. 

Use of estimates and judgement 

(D) 
The  preparation of financial statements in  conformity with IFRSs requires management to make judgements, 
estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, 
liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience 
and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. 

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates 
are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the 
period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. 

2. 

Basis of preparation (continued) 

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Use of estimates and judgement (continued) 

 (D) 
Information about such judgements and estimates are contained in the accounting policies and/or the notes to 
the consolidated financial statements. Areas of judgement that have the most significant effect on the amounts 
recognised in the consolidated financial statements: 

  Going concern 

Management regularly review cash flow forecasts to determine whether the Group has sufficient cash 
reserves  to  meet  future  working  capital  requirements  and  discretionary  business  development 
opportunities including exploration activities. This judgement is based on Management’s assumptions 
for  the  development  of  its  assets  and  corresponding  estimated  expenditure,  and  the  expectation  of 
raising  additional  funds  to  progress  such  further  exploration  and  development  during  the  year.  For 
further information please refer to note 2(C). 

 

Impairment of exploration and evaluation costs – Notes 3(E), 9 
Determination as to whether, and by how much, an asset or cash generating unit is impaired involves 
management  estimates.  Management  uses  the  following  triggers  to  assess  whether  impairment  has 
occurred (the list is not exhaustive): 

 

 

the period for which the entity has the right to explore in the specific area has expired during 
the period or will expire in the near future and is not expected to be renewed. 
 substantive expenditure on further exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources in the 
specific area is neither budgeted nor planned. 

  exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources in the specific area have not led to the 
discovery of commercially viable quantities of mineral resources and the entity has decided to 
discontinue such activities in the specific area. 
sufficient data exist to indicate that, although a development in the specific area is likely to 
proceed,  the  carrying  amount  of  the  exploration  and  evaluation  asset  is  unlikely  to  be 
recovered in full on successful development or by sale.  

 

 

Impairment of exploration and evaluation costs – Notes 3(E), 9  
As at 31 December 2019, it was considered that none of the impairment triggers had arisen and the 
assets were being evaluated for future potential exploration. 

In any such case, or similar cases, the Group will measure, present and disclose any resulting impairment 
loss in accordance with IAS 36. For further information please refer to notes 3(E) and 9. 

 

Estimation of share-based payment costs 
Where appropriate, the Group estimates the fair value of share-based payments using the Black-Scholes 
model taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the share-based payment was granted. 
For further information please refer to notes 3(K) and 14 

  Valuation of financial asset investments 

The Group measures financial assets investments with fair value through other comprehensive income 
(FVTOCI) at fair value. Management determine the appropriate valuation techniques and inputs for fair 
value measurement. In estimating the fair value, the Group uses market-observable data to the extent 
it is available. For further information please refer to notes 3(H) and 17. 

 (E) 

Functional and presentation currency 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  presented  in United  States dollars,  rounded  to the  nearest 
thousand  dollars,  as  the  Company  believes  it  to  be  the  most  appropriate  and  meaningful  currency  for 
investors. The functional currencies of the Company and its subsidiary in Mexico, Compañía Minera Estrella 
de Plata SA de CV (“CMEP”), are pounds sterling and Mexican pesos respectively.  

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(E) 

Functional and presentation currency (continued) 
For the reporting purposes the following exchange rates have been used: 

GBP:USD     

Closing rate 1:1.312 

Average rate 1:1.276 

USD:MXN 

Closing rate  1:0.053 

Average rate 1: 0.052 

3. 

Significant accounting policies 

The  accounting  policies  set  out  below  have  been  applied  consistently  to  all  periods  presented  in  these 
consolidated financial statements and have been applied consistently by Group entities. 

(A) 

Basis of consolidation 

(i) 

Subsidiaries 
An investor controls an investee when the investor is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns 
from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its 
power  over  the  investee.  The  financial  statements  of  subsidiaries  are  included  in  the 
consolidated financial statements from the date that control is obtained up to the date that 
control ceases. 

 (ii) 

Transactions eliminated on consolidation 
Intra-group balances and any unrealised gains, losses, income or expenses arising from intra-
group transactions are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. 

 (B) 

Foreign Currency 

(i) 

Foreign currency transactions 
Transactions in foreign currencies  are translated at the foreign exchange rate ruling at the 
date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at 
the  date  of  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  are  translated  at  the  foreign 
exchange  rate  ruling  at  that  date.  Foreign  exchange  differences  arising  on  translation  are 
recognised in profit or loss. 

Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign 
currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary 
assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  that  are  stated  at  fair  value  are 
translated at foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates the fair value was determined. 

 (ii) 

Financial statements of operations 
The assets and liabilities of operations, including goodwill and fair value adjustments arising 
on consolidation, are translated to United States dollars at exchange rates ruling at the date 
of the consolidated statement of financial position. The revenues and expenses of operations 
are translated to United States dollars at rates approximating to the exchange rates ruling at 
the  dates  of  the  transactions.  Foreign  exchange  differences  arising  on  retranslation  are 
recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income.  They  are  reclassified  to  profit  or  loss  upon 
disposal. 

On  disposal  of  a  foreign  operation,  the  cumulative  exchange  differences  recognised  in  the 
foreign exchange reserve relating to that operation up to the date of disposal are reclassified 
to the profit or loss as part of the profit or loss on disposal. 

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3. 

Significant accounting policies (continued) 

(C) 
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. 

Income tax expense 

Income  tax  expense  is  recognised  in  the  income  statement  except  to  the  extent  that  it  relates  to  items 
recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised equity. 

Current  tax  is  the  expected  tax  payable  on  the  taxable  income  for  the  year,  using  tax  rates  enacted  or 
substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. 

Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences between the 
carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  for  financial  reporting  purposes  and  the  amount  used  for  taxation 
purposes. Deferred tax is not recognised for the initial recognition of goodwill, the initial recognition of assets 
or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable 
profit, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries that will not reverse in the foreseeable future.  

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences when 
they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. 

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available 
against which the temporary difference can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date 
and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised. 

Loss per share 

(D) 
The Group presents basic and diluted loss per share (“LPS”) data for its common shares. Basic LPS is calculated 
by  dividing  the  profit  or  loss  attributable  to  common  shareholders  of  the  Company  by the  weighted  average 
number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted LPS is determined by adjusting the profit or 
loss attributable to common shareholders and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for 
the effects of all potentially dilutive common shares, which comprise warrants, share options and conversion of 
the loan note into shares. 

 (E) 

Intangible assets 

(i) 

Deferred exploration and evaluation costs 
These  comprise  costs  directly  incurred  in  exploration  and  evaluation  as  well  as  the  cost  of 
mineral  licences.  Costs  which  are  capitalised  include  costs  of  licence  acquisition,  technical 
services  and  studies,  exploration  drilling  and  testing  and  appropriate  technical  and 
administrative expenses but do not include general administrative expenses or costs incurred 
prior to having obtained the legal rights to explore an area, which are expensed directly to 
the income statement account as they occur. They are capitalised as intangible assets pending 
the determination of the feasibility of the project. When the decision is taken to develop a 
mine the related intangible assets are transferred to property, plant and equipment and the 
exploration and evaluation costs are amortised over the estimated life of the project. Where 
a project is abandoned or is determined not economically viable, the related costs are written 
off. 

The recoverability of deferred exploration and evaluation costs is dependent upon a number 
of  factors  common  to  the  natural  resource  sector.  These  include  the  extent  to  which  the 
Company can establish mineral reserves on its properties, the ability of the Company to obtain 
necessary  financing  to  complete  the  development  of  such  reserves  and  future  profitable 
production or proceeds from the disposition thereof. 

(F) 

Property, plant and equipment 

(i) 

Depreciation 
Depreciation is charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives 
of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment. The estimated useful lives for the 
current and comparative periods are as follows: 

•  plant and equipment:   5 to 10 years 
•  motor vehicles: 

4 years 

The residual value, if not insignificant, is reassessed annually.  

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.  

Significant accounting policies (continued)  

Impairment of non-financial assets 

(G) 
The carrying amounts of the Group’s assets are reviewed at the date of each consolidated statement of financial 
position to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset’s 
recoverable amount is estimated. Impairment is measured by comparing the carrying values of the asset with 
its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount of the asset is the higher of the assets' fair value less costs to 
sell and its value-in-use, which is measured by reference to discounted future cash flow. 

An impairment loss is recognised in the income statement immediately. 

When there is a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount, a subsequent increase in 
the recoverable amount of an asset is treated as a reversal of the previous impairment loss and is recognised to 
the  extent  of  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset  that  would  have  been  determined  (net  of  amortisation  and 
depreciation)  had  no  impairment  loss  been  recognised.  The  reversal  is  recognised  in  the  income  statement 
immediately, unless the asset is carried at its revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment 
loss is treated as a revaluation increase. 

(H) 

Financial instruments 

Financial instruments are recognised in the statements of financial position when the Group has become a party 
to the contractual provisions of the instruments. 

Financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets 
have expired or have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of 
ownership. On de-recognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the carrying amount 
and the sum of the consideration received and any cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other 
comprehensive income is recognised in profit or loss. 

(i) 

      Financial assets carried at amortised cost 

These assets incorporate such types of financial assets where  the objective  is  to hold these 
assets  in  order  to  collect  contractual  cash  flows  and  the  contractual  cash  flows  are  solely 
payments of principal and interest. They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction 
costs that are directly attributable to their acquisition or issue, and are subsequently carried 
at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest  rate  method,  less  provision  for  impairment. 
Impairment  of  provisions  for  receivables  are  recognised  based  on  the  simplified  approach 
within  IFRS  9  using  a  provision  matrix  in  the  determination  of  the  lifetime  expected  credit 
losses. During this process the probability of the non-payment of the receivables is assessed. 
This probability is then multiplied by the amount of the expected loss arising from default to 
determine  the  lifetime  expected  credit  loss  for  the  receivables.  On  confirmation  that  the 
receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of the asset is written off against 
the associated provision.  

Impairment  provisions  for  receivables  from  related  parties  and  loans  to  related  parties  are 
recognised based on a forward-looking expected credit loss model. The methodology used to 
determine  the  amount  of  the  provision  is  based  on  whether  there  has  been  a  significant 
increase in credit risk since initial recognition of the financial asset. For those where the credit 
risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition of the financial asset, twelve month 
expected credit losses along with gross interest income are  recognised.  For those  for which 
credit  risk  has  increased  significantly,  lifetime  expected  credit  losses  along  with  the  gross 
interest income are recognised. For those that are determined to be credit impaired, lifetime 
expected credit losses along with interest income on a net basis are recognised.  

The Group's financial assets measured at amortised cost comprise other receivables and cash 
and cash equivalents in the consolidated statement of financial position. 

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37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.  

Significant accounting policies (continued)  

(H) 

Financial instruments (continued) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

(iv) 

Financial assets with fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) 
The  Group  has  a  strategic  investment  in  an  unlisted  entity  (SGL,  note  17),  which  is  not 
accounted  for  as  subsidiary, associate  or  jointly  controlled  entity.  For that  investment,  the 
Group has made an irrevocable election to classify the investment at fair value through other 
comprehensive  income  rather  than  through  profit  or  loss  as  the  Group  considers  this 
measurement to be the most representative of the business model for this asset.  It is carried 
at  fair  value  with  changes  in  fair  value  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income  and 
accumulated in the equity instrument reserve through other comprehensive income reserve.  
Upon  disposal  any  balance  within  the  equity  instrument  reserve  is  reclassified  directly  to 
retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss.   

Dividends are recognised in profit or loss, unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of 
part of the cost of the investment, in which case the full or partial amount of the dividend is 
recorded against the associated investments carrying amount.  

Purchases and sales of financial assets measured at fair value  through other  comprehensive 
income are recognised on settlement date with any change in fair value between trade date 
and settlement date being recognised in the equity instrument reserve.  

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost 
Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost include current borrowings and trade and other 
payables  that  are  short  term  in  nature.  Financial  liabilities  are  derecognised  if  the  Group’s 
obligations specified in the contract expire or are discharged or cancelled.  

Fair value measurement 
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in 
an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value 
measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the 
liability takes place either: 

 
 

In the principal market for the asset or liability; or 
In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset 
or liability. 

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Group. 

The  fair  value  of  an  asset  or  a  liability  is  measured  using  the  assumptions  that  market 
participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants 
act in their economic best interest. 

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's 
ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling 
it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use. 

The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which 
sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable 
inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs. 

All  assets  and  liabilities  for  which  fair  value  is  measured  or  disclosed  in  the  financial 
statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the 
lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:  

 

 

 

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or 
liabilities;  
Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to 
the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable; and  
Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to 
the fair value measurement is unobservable.  

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38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.  

Significant accounting policies (continued)  

(H) 

Financial instruments (continued) 

(v) 

Fair value measurement (continued) 

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, 
the Group determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-
assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value 
measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period. For the purpose of fair value 
disclosures,  the  Group  has  determined  classes  of  assets  and  liabilities  on  the  basis  of  the 
nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy 
as explained above.  

(I)  

Warrants 

The Company estimates the fair value of the future liability relating to issued warrants using  

 

 

residual  method,  where  a  warrant  was  issued  and  included  as  a  part  of  a  package  placement  of  “1 
share+ 1 warrant”; 
the Black-Scholes pricing model taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the warrants 
were issued, if the warrant was granted on its own 

Warrants relating to equity finance are recorded as a reduction of capital stock based on the fair value of the 
warrants. 

 (J)  

Share capital – common shares 

Incremental  costs  directly  attributable  to  the  issue  of  common  shares  and  share  options  are  recognised  as  a 
deduction from equity. 

 (K) 

Share-based payment transactions 

The share option programme allows Group directors, officers, employees and consultants to acquire shares of 
the  Company.  Equity-settled  share-based  payments  to  employees  and  others  providing  similar  services  are 
measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date and are recognised as an expense with a 
corresponding increase in equity. The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based 
payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Directors’ estimate of equity 
instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity. Where the conditions are non-
vesting,  the  expense  and  equity  reserve  arising  from  share-based  payment  transactions  is  recognised  in  full 
immediately on grant. 

The fair value of the options granted is measured using the Black-Scholes model, taking into account the terms 
and conditions upon which the options were granted. The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect 
the actual number of share options that vest, except if the change is due to market-based conditions not being 
satisfied. 

(L) 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  comprise  cash  in  hand,  demand  deposits,  and  other  short-term  highly  liquid 
investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of 
changes in value. The carrying amount of these assets approximates their fair value. 

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4.  

Operating loss 

Operating loss is stated after charging: 

Depreciation  
Exchange loss  
Exploration costs 

2019 

2 
          14 
(4) 

2018 

3 
6 
2 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.  

Operating loss (continued) 

In accordance with IFRS 8 'Operating Segments', an operating segment is defined as a business activity whose 
operating results are reviewed by the chief operating decision maker ('CODM') and for which discrete information 
is available. The Group's CODM is the Board of Directors.  The Group only has one reporting segment being its 
corporate activities whilst it seeks out opportunities to expand its portfolio. The Group's income, costs, assets, 
liabilities and cash flows are therefore totally attributable to its one segment so no IFRS 8 disclosures have been 
given. 

Auditor’s remuneration 

Fees payable to the Group’s auditor for the audit of the 
annual financial statements 
Fees payable to the Group’s auditor for other services: 
Tax compliance services 
Total 

2019 

2018 

29 

- 
29 

31 

2 
33 

Staff numbers and costs 

5. 
The  average  number  of  persons  employed  by  the  Group  (including  directors)  during  the  year,  analysed  by 
category, was as follows: 

Finance and administration 
Total staff numbers 

The aggregate staff costs of these persons as follows: 

Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Pension 
Share based payments 
Total staff costs 

2019 
5 
5 

2018 
5 
5 

2019 
362 
36 
10 
64 
472 

2018 
839 
85 
2 
134 
1,060 

During the year ended 31 December 2019 $nil (2018: $114,000) wages and salaries were satisfied by the issue of 
common shares in the Company (2018: 37,200,000). 

Remuneration of key management personnel 
Key management personnel remuneration is detailed below: 

Executive directors 
B Brodie Good (appointed 4 July 2019) 
P Taylor (appointed 26 Feb 2019, resigned 5 July 2019) 
A J Williams (resigned 15 May 2018) 
J T Williams (resigned 15 May 2018) 
D V Edmonds (appointed 15 May 2018, resigned 11 April 2019) 
Non-executive directors 
D J Smith (appointed 26 Feb 2019) 
T A Bailey (resigned 30 June 2018) 
J S Cable 
J A Crombie (resigned 30 June 2018) 
C C Gordon (appointed 15 May 2018) 
Other key management 
Company Secretary 
Total remuneration 

2019 
Salary/Fees 

2018 
Salary/Fees 

51 
119 
- 
- 
14 

42 
- 
32 
- 
32 

81 
371 

- 
- 
166 
406 
21 

- 
25 
34 
25 
21 

141 
839 

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5. 

Staff numbers and costs (continued) 

Remuneration of key management personnel (continued) 

The  above  remuneration excludes  social  security  costs  incurred by the Group. Including these  social security 
costs, the total short-term employee benefits for the year in respect of key management personnel amounted 
to $471,000 (2018: $847,000). 

Wages and salaries 

Paid directly 
Paid via related party consultancy companies  
Share based payment charge 
Total  

2019 

320 
42 
63 
425 

2018 

838 
- 
134 
972 

Share based payment charges relate to the fair value charge attributed to share options granted, further details 
are disclosed in note 14.  

6. 

Net investment income 

Finance charges 
Interest income 
Total net investment income 

7. 

Income tax recognised in the income statement 

Current tax 

Reconciliation of effective tax rate 

Loss before tax 
Income tax using the domestic corporation tax rate of 19%  
(2018: 19%) 
Non-deductible expenses 
Effect of timing differences 
Depreciation in excess of capital allowances 
Adjustments relating to different tax rates of subsidiary 
Tax losses carried forward not recognised 
Total tax expense 

2019 

(5) 
1 
(4) 

2019 
- 

2019 
(1,046) 

(199) 

18 
- 
- 
- 
181 
- 

2018 

(2) 
- 
(2) 

2018 
- 

2018 
(1,533) 

(291) 

40 
- 
- 
- 
251 
- 

At the year end the Group had tax losses to carry forward of approximately $25,577,000 (2018: $24,627,00). 

Under IFRS a net deferred tax asset of approximately $4,872,000 (2018: $4,691,000) has not been recognised 
due to the uncertainty as to the amount that can be utilised. 

No adjustments are required in respect of the subsidiaries. 

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41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. 

Loss per share 

Basic loss per share 
The  calculation  of  basic  loss  per  share  at  31  December  2019  was  based  on  the  loss  attributable  to  common 
shareholders of $1,046,000 (2018: $1,533,000) and a weighted average number of common shares outstanding 
during the year ended 31 December 2019 of 1,103,098,525 (2018: 601,248,037). 

Loss from continuing operations 
Loss attributable to common shareholders 
Basic and diluted loss per share in US cents 

2019 
1,046 
1,046  
0.1 

2018 
1,533 
1,533  
0.3 

Diluted Loss per share 
The  potential  increase  in  common  shares  from  the  exercise  of  any  outstanding  share  purchase  warrants  and 
share options would be anti-dilutive as the Group has a net loss. These potential common shares are therefore 
excluded from the calculation and the diluted loss per share figure reported is the same as the basic loss per 
share. 

9. 

Intangible assets 

Cost 
At 1 January 2018 
Additions  
Foreign exchange (Restated) 
At 31 December 2018  
Additions  
Foreign exchange 
At 31 December 2019 

As restated 

Deferred 
exploration costs 

236 
26 
(31) 
231 
251 
10 
492 

The additions during the year were for deferred exploration costs of $207,000 relating to a number of projects 
in Mexico and an option to purchase iron ore projects in Western Australia costing $44,000.  

Foreign exchange figure for the year ended 31 December 2018 has been restated from $1,000 to ($31,000). Note 
19 has more details on this adjustment.  

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10. 

Property, plant and equipment 

Cost 
At 31 December 2017 
Disposals 
At 31 December 2018 
Additions/ (Disposals) 
At 31 December 2019 

Depreciation and impairment losses 
At 31 December 2017 
Depreciation 
Disposals 
At 31 December 2018 
Depreciation 
At 31 December 2019 

Carrying amounts 
At 31 December 2017 
At 31 December 2018 
At 31 December 2019 

11. 

Trade and other receivables 

Other receivables 
Prepayments 
Total trade and receivables 

12. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Bank balances 
Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows 

13. 

 Share capital and reserves 

Share Capital 

Plant and 
equipment 

Vehicles 

Total 

34 
(32) 
2 
- 
2 

(32) 
(1) 
32 
(1) 
- 
(1) 

2 
1 
1 

7 
- 
7 
- 
7 

(3) 
(2) 
- 
(5) 
(2) 
(7) 

4 
2 
- 

41 
(32) 
9 
- 
9 

(35) 
(3) 
32 
(6) 
(2) 
(8) 

6 
3 
1 

2019 
17 
46 
63 

2019 
166 
166 

2018 
21 
73 
94 

2018 
298 
298 

Authorised 
The Company is authorised to issue an unlimited number of common shares of no par value. 

Issued and outstanding common shares 

Changes for the years ended 31 December 2019 and 2018 are detailed in the following table: 

Opening balance 1 January 
Shares and warrants issued for cash 
Issue costs of share issuance 
Fair value of share warrants issued 
Expiry of warrants 
Closing balance 31 December 

2019 

Number of 
shares (000s) 
716,143 
635,580 
- 
- 
- 
1,351,723 

Amount 
53,870 
1,098 
(76) 
(244) 
2,166 
56,814 

2018 

Number of 
shares (000s) 

423,695 
292,448 
- 
- 
- 
716,143 

Amount 
52,965 
984 
(62) 
(17) 
- 
53,870 

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13. 

 Share capital and reserves (continued) 

During the years ended 31 December 2019 and 2018, the Company made share issuances as set out below. 

2019 

  On 27 June 2019, 233,333,333 common shares were issued at £0.0015 each, £350,000 (US$443,951). 
  On  14  May  2019,  200,000,000  common  shares  were  issued  at  £0.0015  pence  each,  £300,000 

(US$389,766). 

  On 10  April 2019, 202,247,000  common shares were issued at £0.0010 each,  £202,247  (US$264,203). 

This was in full settlement of the subsisting convertible loan.  

2018 

  On 1 November 2018, 14,448,000 common shares were issued at £0.0025 each, £36,120 (US$46,027). 
  On 15 May 2018, 278,000,000 common shares were issued at £0.0025 each, £695,000 (US$938,000). 

Warrants 

Warrant reserve 
The warrants reserve arises on the issue of warrants. 

Opening balance 1 January 
Fair value of warrants issued 
Expiry of warrants 
Closing balance 31 December 

2019 
2,183 
244 
(2,166) 
261 

2018 
2,166 
17 
- 
2,183 

On 10 April 2019 202,247,000 common shares purchase warrants were issued, exercisable at £0.0015 per common 
share, until 31 January 2022. These warrants were issued as a part of the full settlement of subsisting convertible 
loan.  

The number and weighted average exercise price of warrants in issue for the year ended 31 December 2019 and 
2018: 

2019 

2018 

Outstanding 
(000s) 
393,235 
202,247 
(378,787) 
216,695 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
($) 
0.01 
0.01 
0.01 
0.01 

Outstanding 
(000s) 
378,787 
14,448 
- 
393,235 

Weighted average 
exercise price ($) 
0.01 
0.01 

-   

0.01 

Opening balance 1 January 
Issued 
Cancelled 
Closing balance 31 December 

Fair value of Warrants and assumptions 
The estimate of the fair value of the Warrants is measured based on the Black-Scholes model. The following 
inputs were used in the calculation of the fair value of the warrants granted. 

Fair value ($000s) 
Share price ($) 
Weighted average exercise price (£) 
Expected volatility 
Expected warrants life 
Expected dividend yield 
Risk-free interest rate 

17 April 2019 
244 
0.0020 
0.0015 
103.38% 
2.8 years 
0% 
0.823% 

The expected volatility is based on the historical share prices of a group of companies deemed to be comparable. 

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13. 

 Share capital and reserves (continued) 

Share-based payment reserve 

The share-based payment reserve arises on the grant of share options to directors, employees and other eligible 
persons under the share option plan. 

Opening balance 1 January 
Fair value of share options issued 
Share options lapsed 
Closing balance 31 December 

2019 
1,057 
64 
- 
1,121 

2018 
1,389 
134 
(466) 
1,057 

Foreign exchange translation reserve 
The  translation  reserve  comprises  foreign  exchange  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of  the  financial 
statements  of  operations  that  do  not  have  a  US  dollar  functional  currency.  Exchange  differences  arising  are 
classified as equity and transferred to the Group’s translation reserve.  

Accumulated losses 
Accumulated losses contain losses incurred in the current and prior years. 

14. 

Share-based payment transactions 

The number and weighted average exercise prices of share options for the years ended 31 December 2019 and 
2018 are set out below.  

Opening balance 1 January 
Issued 
Lapsed 
Closing balance 31 December 

2019 

2018 

Outstanding 
(000s) 
36,785 
44,542 
- 
81,327 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
($) 
0.03 
0.003 
- 
0.02 

Outstanding 
(000s) 
9,225 
34,285 
(6,725) 
36,785 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
($) 
0.03 
0.95 
0.07 
0.03 

Share options in issue at 31 December 2019: 

Outstanding shares 
1,250,000 
1,250,000 
34,284,746 
5,000,000 
2,200,000 
5,000,000 
10,000,000 
12,342,509 
3,000,000 
3,000,000 
4,000,000 

Exercisable shares 
1,250,000 
1,250,000 
34,284,746 
5,000,000 
2,200,000 
5,000,000 
10,000,000 
12,342,509 
3,000,000 
3,000,000 
4,000,000 

Exercise price 
£0.0100 
£0.0100 
£0.0025 
£0.0018 
£0.0025 
£0.0019 
£0.0023 
£0.0025 
£0.0022 
£0.0030 
£0.0045 

Expiry 
2 February 2022 
9 February 2022 
14 May 2023 
28 March 2024 
28 March 2024 
28 March 2024 
28 March 2024 
28 March 2024 
28 March 2024 
 28 March 2024 
28 March 2024 

The share options outstanding at 31 December 2019 if exercised, will be settled by issue of equity. 

The weighted average remaining contractual life of share options as at 31 December 2019 was 1,391 days. 

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14. 

Share-based payment transactions (continued) 

Fair value of share options and assumptions 
The estimate of the fair value of the share options is measured based on the Black-Scholes model. The following 
inputs were used in the calculation of the fair value of the warrants granted. 

Option 1 
29 March 
2019 

Option 2 
29 March 
2019 

Option 3 
29 March 
2019 

Option 4 
29 March 
2019 

Option 5 
29 March 
2019 

Option 6 
29 March 
2019 

Option 7 
29 March 
2019 

Share price (£) 

0.0017 

0.0017 

0.0017 

0.0017 

0.0017 

0.0017 

0.0017 

Exercise price (£) 

0.0018 

0.0025 

0.0019 

0.0023 

0.0025 

0.0025  

0.0025 

Expected volatility 

111.8% 

111.8% 

111.8% 

111.8% 

111.8% 

111.8% 

111.8% 

Expected option life 
(years) 

5.0 

5.0 

4.8 

4.5 

4.8 

4.5 

4.0 

Expected dividend yield 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Risk-free interest rate  

0.75% 

0.75% 

0.75% 

0.75% 

0.75% 

0.70% 

0.70% 

The  total  charge  of  US$54,735  in  relation  to  34,542,509  options  granted  on  29  March  2019  is  included  in 
administrative  expenses  in  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Comprehensive  Income.  These  options  have  three 
different exercisable dates: 29 March 2019, 29 June 2019 and 29 September 2019.  

Share price (£) 

Exercise price (£) 

Option 8 
30 September 2019 

Option 9 
30 September 2019 

Option 10 
30 September 2019 

0.0014 

0.0022 

0.0014 

0.0030 

0.0014 

0.0045 

Expected volatility 

100% 

100% 

100% 

Expected option life (years) 

Expected dividend yield 

4.5 

0 

4.5 

0 

4.5 

0 

Risk-free interest rate  

2.00% 

2.00% 

2.00% 

The  total  charge  of  US$9,741  in  relation  to  10,000,000  options  granted  on  30  September  2019  is  included  in 
administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.  

The expected volatility is based on the historical share prices of a group of companies deemed to be 
comparable. 

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14. 

Share-based payment transactions (continued) 

Share options held by directors and senior management at 31 December 2019: 

Holder 

D J Smith 

B Brodie Good 

C C Gordon 

J S Cable 

Senior Management 

Shares 
Options 

3,085,627 
3,085,627 
6,171,255 

3,000,000 
3,000,000 
4,000,000 

Exercise price 

Grant Date 

Vesting Date 

Expiry1 

£0.0025 
£0.0025 
£0.0025 

£0.0022 
£0.0030 
£0.0045 

29 Mar 2019 
29 Mar 2019 
29 Mar 2019 

29 Jun 2019 
29 Sep 2019 
29 Mar 2020 

28 Mar 2024 
28 Mar 2024 
28 Mar 2024 

30 Sep 2019 
30 Sep 2019 
30 Sep 2019 

1 Oct 2019 
1 Oct 2019 
1 Oct 2019 

28 Mar 2024 
28 Mar 2024 
28 Mar 2024 

17,142,373 

£0.0025 

15 May 2018 

15 May 2018 

14 May 2023 

500,000 
1,100,000 

2,000,000 
1,100,000 

£0.01 
£0.0025 

£0.01 
£0.0025 

10 Feb 2018 
29 Mar 2019 

10 Feb 2018 
29 Mar 2019 

09 Feb 2022 
28 Mar 2024 

03 Feb 2018 
29 Mar 2019 

03 Feb 2018 
29 Mar 2019 

02 Feb 2022 
28 Mar 2024 

1 The expiry date is subject to the terms and conditions contained in the share option plan. 

Changes to the number of share options held by directors and senior management in the year ended 31 December 
2019: 

Holder 

At 1 January 2019 

Granted 

Lapsed 

D J Smith 
P W Taylor 
B Brodie Good 
D V Edmonds 
C C Gordon 
J S Cable 
Senior Management 
Total 

- 
- 
- 
17,142,373 
17,142,373 
500,000 
2,000,000 
36,784,746 

12,342,509 
20,000,000 
10,000,000 
- 
- 
1,100,000 
1,100,000 
44,542,509 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

At 31 December 
2019 
12,342,509 
20,000,000 
10,000,000 
17,142,373 
17,142,373 
1,600,000 
3,100,000 
81,327,255 

15. 

 Trade and other payables 

Trade payables 
Other payables 
Total trade and other payables 

16.  

Group entities 

Country of 
incorporation and 
operation 

Significant Subsidiaries 
Compañía Minera Estrella de Plata S.A. de C.V.  Mexico 
Arian Silver Corporation (UK) Ltd 
Arian Silver (Holdings) Limited 
Alien Minerals Ltd 
Alien Resources Ltd 
Alien Exploration Ltd 

England and Wales 
England and Wales 
England and Wales 
England and Wales 
England and Wales 

2019 
86 
37 
123 

2018 
22 
52 
74 

Principal activity 
Mining exploration 
Holding 
Holding 
Non-trading 
Non-trading 
Non-trading 

Alien Metals 
Ltd effective 
interest 

2019 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

2018 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

47 

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17. 

Financial instruments and financial risk management 

Categories of financial instruments 

Cash and cash equivalents (note 12) 
Trade and other receivables (note 11) 
Total financial assets measured at amortised cost 
Financial assets at fair value through other 
comprehensive income  
Total financial assets 

Trade and other payables measured at amortised cost (note 15) 
Total financial liabilities 

2019 
166 
17 
183 
81 

264 

123 
123 

2018 
298 
37 
335 
78 

413 

62 
62 

Exposure  to  interest  rate  and  foreign  currency  risks  arises  in  the  normal  course  of  the  Group’s  business. 
Derivative financial instruments are not used to hedge exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and 
interest rates. 

The  Group’s policy  is  to  retain  its  surplus  funds  on  short  term  deposits,  usually  between  one  week  and  four 
weeks  duration,  at  prevailing  market  rates.  Credit  risk  is  managed  by  ensuring  that  surplus  funds  are  only 
deposited with well-established financial institutions of high quality credit standing. 

Market risk 
Market risk is the risk that the Group’s future earnings will be adversely impacted by changes in market prices. 
Market risk for Alien Metals comprises two types of risk: price risk and foreign currency risk. 

Price risk 
The price risk is the risk that the Group’s future earnings will be adversely impacted by changes in the market 
prices of commodities. 

Foreign currency risk 
The  Group’s  operational  expenditure  is  made  in  Mexico  in  Mexican  pesos  and  head  office  expenses  are 
predominantly made in the UK in pounds sterling, and United States dollars. The Group is therefore exposed to 
the  movement  in exchange rates for these currencies. The  Group  does not currently hedge foreign exchange 
risk. 

At the year end the majority of the Group’s cash resources were held in pounds sterling. The Group therefore 
also  has  downside  exposure to  any  strengthening  of  United  States  dollar  or the  Mexican  peso  against  pounds 
sterling as this would increase expenses in pounds sterling terms and accelerate the depletion of the Group’s 
cash  resources.  Any  weakening  of  United  States  dollar  or  the  Mexican  peso  against  pounds  sterling  would, 
however, result in a reduction in expenses in pounds sterling terms and preserve the Group’s cash resources. 

There is not considered to be any material exposure in respect of other monetary assets and liabilities of the 
Group  as  these  are  of  a  short-term  nature.  The  table  below  shows  an  analysis  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents 
denominated by currency. 

Pounds sterling 
United States dollars 
Mexican pesos 
Total cash held 

2019 
158 
7 
1 
166 

2018 
268 
27 
3 
298 

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17. 

Financial instruments and financial risk management (continued) 

Sensitivity Analysis 
The Group holds cash in pounds sterling to settle accounts payable balances derived in that currency. The main 
risk is through foreign exchange fluctuations in companies where the cash balances are held in a currency that 
is different to the functional currency. 

Currency  of  net  monetary 
asset/liability 
Sterling 
United States dollars  
Mexican pesos 
Total 

Functional Currency     

Sterling 

Sterling 

2019 

2018 

Mexican 
 Peso 
2019 

Mexican 
 Peso 
2018 

Total 

Total 

2019 

2018 

96 
2 
- 
98 

258 
34 
- 
292 

- 
5 
1 
6 

- 
27 
15 
42 

96 
7 
1 
104 

258 
61 
15 
334 

Exposure to foreign currency risk sensitivity analysis: 

15% strengthening in the United States dollar 
15% weakening in the United States dollar 

Against Sterling 
US$ 
(325) 
325 

A 15% variation is considered an appropriate level of sensitivity given recent levels of foreign exchange volatility. 

Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrument or cash flows associated with the instrument 
will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates. Interest rate risk arises from interest bearing financial 
assets and liabilities that the Group uses. Treasury activities take place under procedures and policies approved 
and monitored by the Board to minimise the financial risk faced by the Group. Interest bearing assets comprise 
cash and cash equivalents which are considered to be short-term liquid assets. No sensitivity analysis has been 
disclosed  as  management  does  not  consider  any  reasonable  fluctuation  in  interest  rates  to  be  sufficiently 
material to disclose. 

Liquidity risk 
The  Company’s  approach  to  managing  liquidity  risk  is  to  ensure  that  it  will  have  sufficient  liquidity  to  meet 
liabilities  when  due. The directors regularly review cash flow forecasts  to  determine whether the Group has 
sufficient cash reserves to meet future working capital requirements and discretionary business development 
opportunities including exploration activities. 

As at 31 December 2019, the Company had cash and other receivables of $183k to settle accounts payable of 
$85k.  The  Company’s  accounts  payable  have  contractual  maturities  of  less  than  30  days  and  are  subject  to 
normal trade terms. In the short-term, liabilities will be funded by cash. 

The Group’s assets are at an early stage and in order to meet financing requirements for their development the 
Company has raised funds by way of several discrete share placements, which is a common practice for junior 
mineral exploration companies. 

In Feb 2020 the Company was successful in an equity placing and subscription generating proceeds of $907,000. 

Although the Company has been successful in the past in raising equity finance, there can be no assurance that 
the  funding  required  by the Group  will  be  made  available  to  it  when  needed  or,  if  such  funding  were  to  be 
available, that it would be offered on reasonable terms. The terms of such financing might not be favourable to 
the Group and might involve substantial dilution to existing shareholders. 

Credit risk 
Credit  risk  is  the  risk  of  loss  associated  with  a  counterparty’s  inability  to  fulfil  its  payment  obligations.  The 
Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk is attributable to cash. The credit risk on cash is limited because the 
Group invests its cash in deposits with well capitalised financial institutions with strong credit ratings. 

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17. 

Financial instruments and financial risk management (continued) 

Fair values 
Financial instruments not measured at fair value include cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, 
trade and other payables. It is the Board’s opinion that the carrying values of the cash and cash equivalents, the 
other receivables, all trade and other payables in the consolidated statement of financial position approximate 
their fair values due to their short-term nature.  

Fair value disclosures for financial asset investment in SGL are shown below in this note. 

Capital management 
The Group’s objective when managing capital is to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern 
and have access to adequate funding for its exploration and development projects, so that it can provide returns 
for  shareholders  and  benefits  for  other  stakeholders.  The  Group  manages  the  capital  structure  and  makes 
adjustments in the light of changes in economic conditions and risk characteristics of the underlying assets. In 
order to maintain or adjust the capital structure the Group may issue new shares, acquire debt, or sell assets. 
Management regularly reviews cash flow forecasts to determine whether the Group has sufficient cash reserves 
to meet future working capital requirements and to take advantage of business opportunities. 

Financial asset investment 

The  Company  has  only  one  investment,  which  is  an  equity  investment  into  the  shares  of  Siberian  Goldfields 
Limited  “SGL”,  an  unlisted  company  with  interests  in  gold  and  iron  ore  deposits  in  Siberia,  Russia.  The 
classification of the equity investments into SGL share is disclosed as fair value through other comprehensive 
income under IFRS 9. 

The  Directors  have  considered  a  number  of  methodologies  to  determine  the fair  value  of  the financial  asset 
investment in SGL including market approach, determining a fair value by reference to similar listed companies, 
determining a fair value by reference to in-situ resources and determining a value through discounted cash flow 
model.  

However,  considering  the  geopolitical  climate  for  Russian  related  investments  which  remains  particularly 
challenging and given that SGL has not been able to raise the pre-IPO funding they intended to, the Directors 
have taken conservative approach to reduce the carrying value to $1 until there will be objective evidence to 
show  otherwise.  The following  table  shows  the  changes  to  the  fair  value  of  the Company’s  Level  2 financial 
assets: 

Opening balance 
Change in fair value recognised in OCI 
Foreign exchange 
Closing balance 

18.  

Operating lease arrangements  

2019 
78 
(81) 
3 
- 

2018 
143 
(56) 
(9) 
78 

At the reporting date, the Group had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-
cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows: 

Within one year 

19. 

Prior year adjustment 

2019 
34 

2018 
- 

In note 9 Intangible assets, the foreign exchange movement in the prior year was $1,000 which has been restated 
to ($31,000), an adjustment of ($32,000). This adjustment arises because the prior year closing intangible asset 
balance  was  incorrectly  translated  as  at  31  December  2018.  This  has  been  rectified  by  taking  the  closing 
intangible amount and correctly translating it to USD as at 31 December 2018.  

  The restatement has been updated in the following primary statements:  

 

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income – Foreign exchange translation differences recognised 
directly in equity. Prior year reported was ($38,000) restated to ($70,000). 

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19. 

Prior year adjustment (continued) 

 

 

Consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  –  Intangible  assets.  Prior  year  reported  balance  was 
$263,000 restated to $231,000.  
Consolidated  statement  of  changes  in  equity  –  Foreign  exchange  translation  differences  recognised 
directly  in  equity.  Prior  year  reported  balance  was  ($38,000)  restated  to  ($70,000),  reflecting  an 
adjustment of $32,000. 

20.  

Ultimate controlling party 

There is no ultimate controlling party of the Company. 

21. 

Related parties 

Control of the Company 
In the opinion of the Board, at 31 December 2019 there was no ultimate controlling party of the Company. 

Identity of related parties 
The Company and its subsidiaries have related party relationships with their respective directors. 

Directors’ interests in shares of the Company 
At 31 December 2019, none of the Directors of the Company or their immediate relatives had an interest in the 
Common shares of the Company (2018:nil). 

Transactions with key management personnel 
During the year ended 31  December 2019 the Company  entered into the  following transactions involving key 
management personnel:  

During the period KBG Consultants a company in which Bill Brodie Good is a director, charged the Company a 
total of $29,584 (2018: nil) for geological consultancy services. There was no outstanding balance at 31 December 
2019 (2018: nil). 

The Company had $2,319 outstanding balance owed to Bill Brodie Good for expense claims (2018: nil).  

During the period Sorrento Resources International, a company in which Daniel Smith is a director, charged the 
Company  a  total  of  $46,277  (2018:  nil)  for  directors  fees  and  geological  consultancy  services.  There  was  no 
outstanding balance at 31 December 2019 (2018: nil). 

During the period Minerva Corporate, a company in which Daniel Smith is a director, charged the Company a 
total of $6,498 (2018: nil) for consultancy services and expenses. There was $6,561 outstanding balance at 31 
December 2019 (2018: nil). 

Key management personnel participate in the Group’s share option programme as disclosed in note 14. 

Key management personnel compensation is disclosed in note 5. 

21. 

Post balance sheet events 

On 25 February 2020, the Company raised £700,000 (before costs), in a placing and subscription of 466,666,666 
new ordinary shares at a price of 0.15 pence per share. One warrant is to be issued with every three placing 
shares,  exercisable  at  0.30  pence  for  the  period  of two  years  from  the  admission  of  the  placing  shares.  The 
shares were admitted to trading on AIM on 10 March 2020. 

On 19 March 2020, the Company announced that it had completed the acquisition of a 51% interest in the Hancock 
Ranges and Brockman Iron Ore Projects in Pilbara, Western Australia. Pursuant to the joint venture agreement 
with Windfield Metals Pty Ltd (“Windfield”), the Company issued Windfield with 200,000,000 shares at an issue 
price  of  0.11  pence  per  share  and  66,666,666  warrants  over  shares  in  the  Company.  The  warrants  have  an 
exercise price of 0.2 pence each and are exercisable on or before 12 March 2022. 

On 11 May 2020, the Company announced that it had raised an additional £275,000 (before costs), through a 
placing and subscription of 343,750,000 new ordinary shares at a price of 0.08 pence per share. One warrant is 
to be issued with every two new shares, exercisable at 0.15 pence for a period of three years from admission of 
the placing shares. 

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Other information 

Directors 
The following individuals served as directors to the Company during the year ended 31 December 2019: 

Dan John Smith 
Bill Brodie Good 
Christopher Charles Gordon 
James Seymour Cable 
Peter Taylor 
Dennis Vernon Edmonds 

(appointed 26 February 2019) 
(appointed 4 July 2019) 
(appointed 15 May 2018) 
(appointed 17 October 2006) 
(appointed 26 February 2019; resigned 4 July 2019) 
(appointed 15 May 2018; resigned 11 April 2019) 

Company contacts and advisers 

Auditors 
Jeffreys Henry LLP 
Finsgate 5-7 Cranwood Street 
London 
EC1V 9EE 
United Kingdom 

Registrar (BVI) 
Computershare Investor Services (BVI) Limited 
c/o Queensway House 
Hilgrove Street 
St Helier 
JE1 1ES 
Jersey 

Registered office 
Craigmuir Chambers 
P.O. Box 71 
Road Town 
Tortola 
British Virgin Islands 

UK head office 
16 Berkeley Street 
London W1J 8DZ 
United Kingdom 

Nominated Advisor and Broker 
Beaumont Cornish Ltd 
10th Floor 
30 Crown Place 
London EC2A 4EB 
United Kingdom 

Registrar (UK depository interests) 
Computershare Investor Services plc 
The Pavilions 
Bridgewater Road 
Bristol 
BS99 7NH 
United Kingdom 

Company registration number 
UK  FC027089 
BVI  1029783 

Website 
www.alienmetals.uk 

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