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Allegion

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FY2022 Annual Report · Allegion
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UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

(Mark One) 

FORM 10-K 

☒

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 
or

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934

For the transition period from             to 
Commission File No. 001-35971 

ALLEGION PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Ireland
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or 
organization)

98-1108930
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

Block D 
Iveagh Court 
Harcourt Road 
Dublin 2, D02 VH94, Ireland 
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

+(353) (1) 2546200 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share

3.500% Senior Notes due 2029

Trading symbols
ALLE

ALLE 3 ½

Name of each exchange on which registered

New York Stock Exchange

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. 

Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to 
file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  has  submitted  electronically  every  Interactive  Data  File  required  to  be 
submitted  pursuant  to  Rule  405  of  Regulation  S-T  (§232.405  of  this  chapter)  during  the  preceding  12  months  (or  for  such 
shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  is  a  large  accelerated  filer,  an  accelerated  filer,  a  non-accelerated  filer,  a 
smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," 
"smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

Large accelerated filer

☒ Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

☐ Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

☐

☐

☐

If  an  emerging  growth  company,  indicate  by  check  mark  if  the  registrant  has  elected  not  to  use  the  extended  transition 
period  for  complying  with  any  new  or  revised  financial  accounting  standards  provided  pursuant  to  Section  13(a)  of  the 
Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the 
effectiveness  of  its  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  under  Section  404(b)  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  (15  U.S.C. 
7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of 

the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  any  of  those  error  corrections  are  restatements  that  required  a  recovery  analysis  of 
incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's effective officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant 
to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The aggregate market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates on June 30, 2022 was approximately $8.6 billion 

based on the closing price of such shares on the New York Stock Exchange on that date.  

The number of ordinary shares outstanding of Allegion plc as of February 16, 2023 was 87,867,431.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions  of  the  registrant’s  definitive  proxy  statement  to  be  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  (the  "SEC") 
within  120  days  of  the  close  of  the  registrant’s  fiscal  year  in  connection  with  the  registrant’s  Annual  General  Meeting  of 
Shareholders to be held June 8, 2023 (the "Proxy Statement") are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K as 
described herein.

ALLEGION PLC

Form 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I

Item 1.

Business

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 2.

Item 3.

Item 4.

Item 5.

Part II

Properties

Legal Proceedings

Mine Safety Disclosures

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer 
Purchases of Equity Securities

Item 6.

[Reserved]

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial 
Disclosure

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

Item 9B.

Other Information

Item 9C.

Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Part III

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Item 11.

Executive Compensation

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related 
Stockholder Matters

Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Item 14.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Part IV

Item 15.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

Item 16.

Form 10-K Summary

Signatures

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this report, other than purely historical information, are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning 
of  the  Private  Securities  Litigation  Reform  Act  of  1995,  Section  27A  of  the  Securities  Act  of  1933  and  Section  21E  of  the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). These forward-looking statements generally are identified 
by  the  words  "believe,"  "project,"  "expect,"  "anticipate,"  "estimate,"  "forecast,"  "outlook,"  "intend,"  "strategy,"  "future," 
"opportunity," "plan," "may," "should," "will," "would," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," or the negative thereof or 
variations thereon or similar expressions generally intended to identify forward-looking statements.

These statements are based on currently available information and our current assumptions, expectations and projections about 
future  events.  While  we  believe  that  our  assumptions,  expectations  and  projections  are  reasonable  in  view  of  the  currently 
available  information,  you  are  cautioned  not  to  place  undue  reliance  on  our  forward-looking  statements.  Forward-looking 
statements  speak  only  as  of  the  date  they  are  made  and  are  not  guarantees  of  future  performance.  They  are  subject  to  future 
events,  risks  and  uncertainties  –  many  of  which  are  beyond  our  control  –  as  well  as  potentially  inaccurate  assumptions,  that 
could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and projections including, among other things:

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ongoing macroeconomic challenges and continued economic instability;

increased prices and inflation;

volatility  and  uncertainty  in  the  political,  economic  and  regulatory  environments  in  which  we  operate,  including
changes  to  trade  agreements,  sanctions,  import  and  export  regulations,  custom  duties  and  applicable  tax  regulations
and  interpretations,  social  and  political  unrest,  instability,  national  and  international  conflict,  terrorist  acts  and  other
geographical disputes and uncertainties;

the strength and stability of the institutional, commercial and residential construction and remodeling markets;

fluctuations in currency exchange rates;

potential impairment of our goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets and/or our long-lived assets;

instability in the U.S. and global capital and credit markets;

our ability to make scheduled debt payments or to refinance our debt obligations;

increased competition, including from technological developments;

the development, commercialization and acceptance of new products and services;

changes  in  customer  and  consumer  preferences  and  our  ability  to  maintain  beneficial  relationships  with  large
customers;

our products or solutions failing to meet certification and specification requirements, being defective, causing property
damage, bodily harm or injury, or otherwise falling short of customers’ needs and expectations;

our  ability  to  identify  and  successfully  complete  and  integrate  acquisitions,  including  achieving  their  anticipated
strategic and financial benefits;

business opportunities that diverge from our core business;

our ability to achieve the expected improvements or financial returns we expect from our strategic initiatives;

our ability to effectively manage and implement restructuring initiatives or other organizational changes;

global climate change or other unexpected events, including global health crises, such as COVID-19;

the  proper  functioning  of  our  information  technology  and  operational  technology  systems,  including  disruption  or
breaches of our information systems, such as cybersecurity attacks;

the  failure  of  our  third-party  vendors  to  provide  effective  support  for  many  of  the  critical  elements  of  our  global
information and operational technology infrastructure;

our ability to recruit and retain a highly qualified and diverse workforce;

disruptions  in  our  global  supply  chain,  including  product  manufacturing  and  logistical  services  provided  by  our
supplier partners;

our  ability  to  effectively  manage  real  or  perceived  issues  related  to  product  quality,  safety,  corporate  social
responsibility and other reputational matters;

our ability to protect our brand reputation and trademarks;

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legal judgments, fines, penalties or settlements imposed against us or our assets as a result of legal proceedings, claims
and disputes;

claims of infringement of intellectual property rights by third parties;

improper conduct by any of our employees, agents or business partners;

changes to, or changes in interpretations of, current laws and regulations;

uncertainty and inherent subjectivity related to transfer pricing regulations in the countries in which we operate;

changes in tax rates, the adoption of new tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities; and

risks  related  to  our  incorporation  in  Ireland,  including  the  possible  effects  on  us  of  future  legislation  or  adverse
determinations by taxing authorities that could increase our tax burden.

These events, risks and uncertainties are further described in Item 1A. "Risk Factors" and Item 7. "Management's Discussion 
and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations"  of  this  report.  We  do  not  undertake  to  update  any  forward-
looking statements.

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Item 1.    BUSINESS

Overview

PART I

Allegion plc ("Allegion," "we," "us" or "the Company") is a leading global provider of security products and solutions that keep 
people and assets safe and secure in the places they live, learn, work and visit. We create peace of mind by pioneering safety 
and security with a vision of seamless access and a safer world. Seamless access allows authorized, automated and safe passage 
and  movement  through  spaces  and  places  in  the  most  efficient  and  frictionless  manner  possible.  Central  to  our  vision  is 
partnering and developing ecosystems to create a flawless experience and enable an uninterrupted and secure flow of people 
and assets. We offer an extensive and versatile portfolio of security and access control products and solutions across a range of 
market-leading brands. Our experts across the globe deliver high-quality security products, services and systems, and we use 
our deep expertise to serve as trusted partners to end-users who seek customized solutions to their security needs.

Allegion Principal Products and Services

Door controls and systems

Exit devices

Locks, locksets, portable locks and key systems

Electronic security products

Software-enabled access control systems

Time, attendance and workforce productivity systems

Doors, accessories and other

Services and software

Access  control  security  products  and  solutions  are  critical  elements  in  every  building  and  home.  Many  door  openings  are 
configured to maximize a room’s particular form and function while also meeting local and national building and safety code 
requirements  and  end-user  security  needs.  Most  buildings  have  multiple  door  openings,  each  serving  its  own  purpose  and 
requiring different specific access control solutions. Each door must fit exactly within its frame, be prepared precisely for its 
hinges, synchronize with its specific lockset and corresponding latch and align with a specific key to secure the door. Moreover, 
with  the  increasing  adoption  of  the  Internet  of  Things  ("IoT"),  security  products  –  including  credentials  –  are  increasingly 
linked  electronically,  integrated  into  software  and  popular  consumer  technology  platforms  and  controlled  with  mobile 
applications, creating additional functionality and complexity. Seamless access capitalizes on the ability for multiple products 
and brands to work in tandem, allowing people and assets to move efficiently and safely by adapting access rights for various 
settings  or  use  cases.  These  solutions  can  also  provide  insights  on  usage  and  traffic  patterns  to  boost  efficiency,  improve 
hygiene of high-traffic areas and improve visitor, staff and tenant experiences.

We believe our ability to deliver a wide range of solutions that can be custom configured to meet end-users’ security needs is a 
key driver of our success. We accomplish this with: 

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Our  extensive  and  versatile  product  and  service  portfolio,  combined  with  our  deep  expertise,  which  enables  us  to
deliver the right products and solutions to meet diverse security and functional specifications and to successfully and
securely integrate into leading technologies and systems;
Our  consultative  approach  and  expertise,  which  enables  us  to  develop  the  most  efficient  and  appropriate  building
security  and  access  control  specifications  to  fulfill  the  unique  needs  of  our  end-users  and  their  partners,  including
architects, contractors, homebuilders and engineers;
Our  access  to  and  management  of  key  channels  in  the  market,  which  is  critical  to  delivering  our  products  in  an
efficient and consistent manner; and
Our  enterprise  excellence  capabilities,  including  our  global  manufacturing  operations  and  agile  supply  chain,  which
facilitate  our  ability  to  deliver  specific  product  and  system  configurations  to  end-users  and  consumers  worldwide,
quickly and efficiently.

We believe the security products industry will continue to benefit from several global macroeconomic trends, including:

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Expected growth in global electronic products and solutions as end-users adopt newer technologies in their facilities
and homes;
Heightened awareness of security and privacy requirements;
Increased focus on touchless solutions that help promote a healthy environment; and
The shift to a digital, interconnected environment.

We operate in and report financial results for two segments: Allegion Americas and Allegion International, the latter of which 
provides  security  products,  services  and  solutions  primarily  throughout  Europe,  Asia  and  Oceania.  We  sell  our  products  and 
solutions under the following brands:

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We sell a wide range of security and access control solutions for end-users in commercial, institutional and residential facilities 
worldwide, including the education, healthcare, government, hospitality, retail, commercial office and single and multi-family 
residential markets. Our leading brands include CISA®, Interflex®, LCN®, Schlage®, SimonsVoss® and Von Duprin®. We 
believe LCN, Schlage and Von Duprin hold the No. 1 or No. 2 position in their primary product categories in North America 
while CISA, Interflex and SimonsVoss hold the No. 1 or No. 2 position in their primary product categories in certain European 
markets.

During  the year  ended  December  31,  2022,  we generated  Net revenues  of  $3,271.9  million  and  Operating  income of  $586.4 
million. 

Net Revenues by Product and Service Category 

3%

16%

32%

23%

26%

Locks / Locksets / Portable Locks / Key Systems
Electronic Security Products / Access Control Systems / Time, Attendance and Workforce Productivity
Door Controls and Systems / Exit Devices
Doors / Accessories / Other
Services / Software

History and Developments

We were incorporated in Ireland on May 9, 2013, to hold the commercial and residential security businesses of what was then 
Ingersoll Rand plc ("Ingersoll Rand"). On December 1, 2013, we became a stand-alone public company after Ingersoll Rand 
completed the separation of these businesses from the rest of Ingersoll Rand via the transfer of these businesses from Ingersoll 
Rand to us and the issuance by us of ordinary shares directly to Ingersoll Rand’s shareholders (the "Spin-off"). Our security 
businesses have long and distinguished operating histories. Several of our brands were established more than 100 years ago, and 
many originally created their categories: 

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Von Duprin, established in 1908, was awarded the first exit device patent;
Schlage, established in 1920, was awarded the first patents granted for the cylindrical lock and the push button lock;
LCN, established in 1926, created the first door closer;
CISA, established in 1926, devised the first electronically controlled lock; and
SimonsVoss, established in 1995, created the first keyless digital transponder.

We have built upon these founding legacies since our entry into the security products market through the acquisition of Schlage, 
Von Duprin and LCN in 1974. Today, we continue to develop, acquire and introduce innovative and market-leading products. 
For  example,  in  2022,  we  acquired  Stanley  Access  Technologies  LLC  and  assets  related  to  the  automatic  entrance  solutions 
business from Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. (the "Access Technologies business"), which patented the world's first hands-free 
door operator in 1931. Through this acquisition, we have added another innovative market leader to our portfolio of businesses 
and broadened our product and service offerings throughout the U.S. and Canada.  

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In 2018, we announced the formation of Allegion Ventures to invest in and help accelerate the growth of companies that have 
innovative,  digital-first
technologies  and  products  such  as  touchless  access  and  workspace monitoring  solutions  that 
complement our core business solutions. Building on this success, in December 2021, Allegion Ventures announced a second 
fund  with  an  additional allocation  of  $100  million  to  focus  on  investing  in  technologies  like artificial intelligence,  video 
monitoring, machine learning and cybersecurity.

Recent examples of successful product launches by Allegion are illustrated in the table below:

Product

Brands

Year

Electronic 
Locks, Locksets 
and Portable 
Locks

Schlage, 
Gainsborough, 
CISA

2020/ 
2021/2022

Electronic Key 
Systems and 
Access Control, 
Mobile and 
Web 
Applications

Mechanical 
Locks, 
Locksets, 
Portable Locks 
and Key 
Systems

Electronic and 
Electrified Door 
Controls and 
Systems and 
Exit Devices

Schlage, 
ISONAS, 
SimonsVoss

2020/ 
2021/2022

CISA, 
Bricard, AXA

2020/ 
2021/2022

Von Duprin, 
LCN

2020/ 
2021/2022

Innovation
Schlage Encode Plus Smart WiFi Deadbolt, one of the first in the market to 
work with Apple home keys, allows lock or unlock access using an iPhone 
or  Apple  Watch.  NDEBSi  and  LEBSi  (Schlage)  wireless  electronic  locks 
expand  access  control.  Introduction  of  MIFARE®  DESFire®  EV3  family 
(Schlage)  provides  increased  levels  of  security,  flexibility  and  freedom  of 
choice  for  customers  when  it  comes  to  providing  access  using  credential 
technology. 

In Australia, a next generation smart lock, Freestyle Trilock (Gainsborough), 
features passage, privacy or dead lock modes and can be operated using the 
built-in  keypad,  a  key  override  or  through  the  mobile  app.  In  conjunction 
with the optional WiFi bridge, the Trilock can be programmed and operated 
from  anywhere  in  the  world.  In  Europe,  new  high  security  connected 
solutions  (CISA  Domo  Connexa)  and 
integration  of  Smart  Access 
functionalities  include  CISA  ACS  platform  solutions  for  hospitality,  with 
both cloud-based (Aero) and on-premise hardware (eServer), as well as wall 
mount energy saver with card intelligent detection. 
Mobile Student ID (Schlage) allows university students, faculty and staff to 
add  student  ID  cards  to  their  virtual  wallets  for  door  access,  payments, 
attendance tracking and ticketing. Pure Access (ISONAS) enhanced support 
for mobile-ready MTB readers (Schlage) connected to an ISONAS IP-Bridge 
integration  with  mobile  credentials  and  enhanced 
allows  seamless 
functionality for the NDE/LE (Schlage) wireless locks.

FSS1 High Security Door Position Sensors (Schlage) provide a high-security 
solution with adjustable anti-tamper features to help prevent against attacks 
through  magnetic,  electronic  or  physical  means.  AX  Manager  Classic 
(SimonsVoss)  for  management  of  digital  locking  systems  based  on  a  new 
Microsoft SQL-based backend system with new user interface.
New flat key European cylinders for multiple entrance buildings (CISA Asix
P8).  Evidence  (Bricard)  handle  ranges  for  commercial  and  residential 
markets, with an exclusive rose fixation and adjustment design, functionality 
and finishes.

Innovation in bike safety including Fold Lite (AXA) folding bike lock with a 
bracket that can be mounted on the frame.
Security  indicator  (Von  Duprin)  for  visual  verification  and  lockdown.  The 
2SI  security  indicator  provides  at-a-glance  verification  of  door  status  from 
inside the room. Also available as a retrofit conversion kit for existing 98/99 
Series (Von Duprin) exit devices.

New  6400  Compact  Series  (LCN)  low-energy  automatic  operator  retrofit 
solution with actuators reduces the cost and complexity of touchless access 
and  adds  ADA  accessibility.  Enhancements  to  the  already  durable  4040XP 
(LCN) door closer, making it even easier to install and maintain. Follows the 
introduction of a range of touchless solutions, including automatic operators, 
actuators and wireless transmitters.

Doors, 
Accessories and 
Other

TGP

2021

North  America's  first  fire-rated  Full-Lite  Door  System  (TGP),  certified  to 
meet forced entry standards.

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Industry and Competition 

We  serve  customers  within  institutional,  commercial  and  residential  construction  and  remodeling  markets  throughout  North 
America, Europe, Asia and Oceania. We expect the security products industry will continue to benefit from favorable trends 
such  as  increased  concerns  about  safety  and  security,  new  attention  on  touchless  solutions  that  help  promote  a  healthy 
environment and technology-driven innovation that enables seamless access and a better user experience as people and assets 
traverse multiple locations and facilities. Further, we expect continued growth in connected security products and solutions as 
end-users continue to adopt newer technologies, including IoT, in their facilities and single and multi-family homes.

The  security  products  markets  are  highly  competitive  and  fragmented  throughout  the  world,  with  a  number  of  large  multi-
national companies and thousands of smaller regional and local companies. This high degree of fragmentation primarily reflects 
local regulatory requirements and highly variable end-user needs. We believe our principal global competitors are Assa Abloy 
AB and dormakaba Group. We also face competition in various markets and product categories throughout the world, including 
from  Spectrum  Brands  Holdings,  Inc.  in  the  North  American  residential  market.  As  we  move  into  more  technologically 
advanced product categories, we may also compete against new, more specialized competitors and technology companies.

Our  success  depends  on  a  variety  of  factors,  including  brand  and  reputation,  product  breadth,  innovation,  integration  with 
popular technology platforms, quality and delivery capabilities, price and service capabilities. As many of our businesses sell 
through wholesale distribution, our success also depends on building and partnering with a strong channel network. Although 
price often serves as an important customer decision point, we also compete based on the breadth, innovation and quality of our 
products  and  solutions,  our  ability  to  custom-configure  solutions  to  meet  individual  end-user  requirements  and  our  global 
supply chain.

Products and Services

We offer the following extensive and versatile portfolio of security and access control products and solutions across a range of 
market-leading brands:

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Locks,  locksets,  portable  locks  and  key  systems:  A  broad  array  of  cylindrical,  tubular  and  mortise  door  locksets,
security  levers  and  master  key  systems  that  are  used  to  protect  and  control  access  and  a  range  of  portable  security
products, including bicycle, small vehicle and travel locks;
Electronic security products and access control systems: A broad range of electrified locks, electrified door closers and
exit  devices,  access  control  products  and  systems,  credentials  and  credential  readers  and  accessories,  including  IoT,
Bluetooth Low Energy, Power over Ethernet and cloud-based solutions;
Time, attendance and workforce productivity systems: These products are designed to help business customers manage
and monitor workforce access, attendance and employee scheduling;
Door  controls  and  systems  and  exit  devices:  An  extensive  portfolio  of  life-safety  products  and  solutions  generally
installed  on  fire  doors  and  facility  entrances  and  exits.  Exit  devices,  also  known  as  panic  hardware,  provide  rapid
egress to allow building occupants to exit safely in an emergency. Door controls and systems include mechanical door
closers, automatic door operators, as well as high-performance interior and storefront door systems. In addition, with
our  recently  acquired  Access  Technologies  business,  we  now  offer  a  full  range  of  automatic  entrance  solutions,
including  sliding,  swing,  folding  and  ICU  doors,  as  well  as  an  array  of  sensors,  controls  and  security  options  for
commercial and institutional buildings;
Doors, accessories and other: A portfolio of hollow metal, glass and specialty doors, as well as a variety of additional
security  products  and  components,  including  hinges,  door  pulls,  door  stops,  bike  lights,  louvers,  weather  stripping,
thresholds and other accessories, as well as certain bathroom fittings and accessibility aids; and
Services and software: Our Access Technologies business offers extensive planned inspection, maintenance and repair
services  for  its  automatic  entrance  solutions  throughout  the  U.S.  and  Canada.  Additionally,  we  offer  software  as  a
service  ("SaaS")  offerings  throughout  the  U.S.  and  internationally,  including  access  control,  IoT  integration  and
workforce  management  solutions.  We  also  offer  ongoing  aftermarket  services,  design  and  installation  offerings  and
locksmith services in select locations.

Customers

We  sell  most  of  our  products  and  solutions  through  distribution  and  retail  channels,  including  specialty  distribution,  e-
commerce and wholesalers. We have built a network of channel partners that help our customers choose the right solution to 
meet  their  security  needs  and  help  commercial  and  institutional  end-users  fulfill  and  install  orders.  We  also  sell  through  a 
variety of retail channels, including large do-it-yourself home improvement centers, multiple online and e-commerce platforms, 
as  well  as  small,  specialty  showroom  outlets.  We  work  with  our  retail  partners  on  developing  marketing  and  merchandising 
strategies  to  maximize  their  sales  per  square  foot  of  shelf  space.  Through  a  few  of  our  businesses,  most  notably  our  Access 
Technologies  business,  Interflex  and  our  Global  Portable  Security  brands,  we  also  provide  products  and  services  directly  to 
end-users.

Our  10  largest  customers  represented  approximately  26%  of  our  total  Net  revenues  in  2022.  No  single  customer  represented 
10% or more of our total Net revenues in 2022.

9

Sales and Marketing

In markets where we sell through commercial and institutional distribution channels, we employ sales professionals around the 
world  who  work  with  a  combination  of  end-users,  security  professionals,  architects,  contractors,  engineers  and  distribution 
partners to develop specific, custom-configured solutions for our end-users’ needs. Our field sales professionals are assisted by 
specification writers who work with architects, engineers and consultants to help design door openings and security systems to 
meet end-users’ functional, aesthetic and regulatory requirements. Both groups are supported by dedicated customer care and 
technical sales-support specialists worldwide. We also support our sales efforts with a variety of marketing efforts, including 
trade-specific advertising, cooperative distributor merchandising, digital marketing and marketing at a variety of industry trade 
shows.

In markets in which we sell through retail and home-builder distribution channels, we have teams of sales, merchandising and 
marketing  professionals  who  help  drive  brand  and  product  awareness  through  our  channel  partners  and  to  consumers.  We 
utilize  a  variety  of  advertising  and  marketing  strategies,  including  traditional  consumer  media,  retail  merchandising,  digital 
marketing, retail promotions and builder and consumer trade shows, to support these teams. 

We  also  work  actively  with  several  industry  bodies  around  the  world  to  help  promote  effective  and  consistent  safety  and 
security standards. For example, we are members of the American Association of Automatic Door Manufacturers (AAADM), 
Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association (BHMA), Connectivity Standards Alliance, Construction Specification Institute, 
Door and Hardware Institute (DHI), FiRa Consortium, National Association of State Fire Marshals (NASFM), Partner Alliance 
for  Safer  Schools  (PASS),  Physical  Security  Interoperability  Alliance  (PSIA),  Security  Industry  Association,  Security 
Technology  Alliance,  Z-Wave  Alliance,  The  European  Federation  of  Associations  of  Locks  and  Builders  Hardware 
Manufacturers (ARGE), ASSOFERMA (Italy), BHE (Germany) and UNIQ (France).

Production and Distribution

We manufacture products in several geographic markets around the world. We operate 29 principal production and assembly 
facilities – 16 in our Allegion Americas segment and 13 in our Allegion International segment. We own 16 of these facilities 
and lease the others. Our strategy is to produce in the region of use, wherever appropriate, to allow us to be closer to the end-
user and increase efficiency and timely product delivery. Much of our U.S. based residential portfolio is manufactured in the 
Baja region of Mexico under the Maquiladora, Manufacturing and Export Services Industry ("IMMEX") program. In managing 
our  network  of  production  and  assembly  facilities,  we  focus  on  continuous  improvement  in  customer  experience,  employee 
health and safety, productivity, resource utilization and operational excellence.

We  distribute  our  products  through  a  broad  network  of  channel  partners.  In  addition,  third-party  manufacturing  and  logistics 
providers perform certain manufacturing, storage and distribution services for us to support certain parts of our manufacturing 
and distribution network.

Raw Materials

We support our region-of-use production strategy with corresponding region-of-use supplier partners for much of our supply 
base.  Our  global  and  regional  commodity  teams  work  with  production  leadership,  product  management  and  materials 
management  teams  to  procure  materials  for  production.  Where  appropriate,  we  may  enter  into  fixed-cost  contracts  to  lower 
overall costs.

We purchase a wide range of raw materials, including steel, zinc, brass and other non-ferrous metals, as well as other parts and 
components,  such  as  electronic  components,  to  support  our  production  facilities.  Through  much  of  2022,  we  continued  to 
experience  supply  chain  disruptions  and  delays,  including  logistical  challenges;  shortages  in  parts  and  materials  (particularly 
shortages of electronic components); and increased material and other inflation. While these trends have negatively impacted 
our  results  of  operations,  we  have  taken  multiple  actions  to  address  these  challenges,  including  product  redesigns,  carrying 
increased  levels  of  safety  stock  and  working  with  our  supplier  base,  including  establishing  new  and  diverse  supplier 
relationships, to increase part and component availability and our overall supply chain agility. As a result of these actions, we 
have seen many of these supply chain related challenges improve over the second half of 2022, although shortages of electronic 
parts and components persist. See "Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results 
of Operations" for a more detailed discussion of these trends and challenges.

Intellectual Property

Intellectual property, inclusive of certain patents, trademarks, copyrights, know-how, trade secrets and other proprietary rights, 
is important to our business. We create, protect and enforce our intellectual property investments in a variety of ways. We work 
actively in the U.S. and internationally to try to ensure the protection and enforcement of our intellectual property rights. We 
use trademarks on nearly all of our products and believe such distinctive marks are an important factor in creating a market for 
our goods, in identifying us and in distinguishing our products from others. We consider our CISA, Interflex, LCN, Schlage, 
SimonsVoss, Von Duprin and other associated trademarks to be among our most valuable assets, and we have registered these 
trademarks in a number of countries. Although certain proprietary intellectual property rights are important to our success, we 
do not believe we are materially dependent on any particular patent or license, or any particular group of patents or licenses. 

10

Facilities

We operate through a broad network of sales offices, engineering centers, 29 principal production and assembly facilities and 
several distribution  centers  throughout the world.  Our  active properties  represent approximately  6.7 million  square feet,  of 
which  approximately  41% is  leased.  The following  table shows  the location  of  our  principal worldwide production  and 
assembly facilities:

Production and Assembly Facilities

Allegion Americas
Blue Ash, Ohio
Chino, California
Ensenada, Mexico
Everett, Washington
Farmington, Connecticut
Greenfield, Indiana
Indianapolis, Indiana
Irving, Texas
McKenzie, Tennessee
Mississauga, Ontario
Perrysburg, Ohio
Princeton, Illinois
Security, Colorado
Snoqualmie, Washington
Tecate, Mexico
Tijuana, Mexico

Allegion International
Auckland, New Zealand
Blackburn, Australia
Brooklyn, Australia
Clamecy, France
Durchhausen, Germany
Faenza, Italy
Feuquieres, France
Jinshan, China
Monsampolo, Italy
Osterfeld, Germany
Renchen, Germany
Veenendaal, Netherlands
Zawiercie, Poland

Research and Development

We  are  committed  to  investing  in  our  research  and  development  capabilities  with  a  focus  on  innovations  that  will  deliver 
growth  through  the  introduction  of  new  products  and  solutions.  In  addition,  we  invest  in  initiatives  that  continuously  drive 
improvements in product cost, quality, safety and sustainability.

Our research and development team is managed as a global, collaborative group to identify and develop new technologies and 
worldwide  product  platforms.  Our  regionally  located  resources  leverage  expertise  in  local  standards  and  configurations  and 
apply those to adapt products for the  benefit of our  customers. Further,  we  operate  a global  technology center in  Bengaluru, 
India, which augments and supports our regional engineering and technology teams.

Seasonality

Our  business  experiences  seasonality  that  varies  by  product  and  service  line.  For  instance,  as  more  construction  and  do-it-
yourself projects occur during the second and third calendar quarters in the Northern Hemisphere, our security product sales 
related  to  those  projects  are  typically  higher  in  those  quarters  than  in  the  first  and  fourth  quarters.  However,  certain  other 
businesses typically experience higher sales in the fourth quarter due to demand for services and project timing. 

Human Capital

Our human capital strategy is based on our values and is foundational to achieving our business strategy. To ensure we attract 
and retain top talent, we strive for a diverse and inclusive culture that rewards performance, provides growth and development 
opportunities  and  supports  employees  through  competitive  compensation,  benefits  and  numerous  volunteer  and  charitable 
giving opportunities.

As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately 12,300 employees worldwide, with approximately 46% employed within the 
U.S.  and  approximately  54%  based  outside  the  U.S.  Among  our  U.S.  based  employees,  approximately  15%  were  subject  to 
collective  bargaining  agreements  with  various  labor  unions.  Outside  the  U.S.,  we  have  employees  in  certain  countries, 
particularly  in  Europe,  that  are  represented  by  an  employee  representative  organization,  such  as  a  works  council.  The  vast 
majority of our employees work on a full-time basis. Our employee base is supplemented by contingent labor where business 
demand fluctuates or we experience short-term needs for specialized skills. We believe our relations with our workforce in both 
unionized and non-unionized settings are generally positive.

Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and benefit programs are tailored to be competitive in the geographies where we work, including a total rewards 
package  (which  varies  by  country/region)  that  includes  hourly  and  salaried  compensation,  performance-based  incentive  and 
long-term  equity  incentive  plans,  retirement,  insurance  and  government  social  welfare  programs,  disability  and  family  leave, 

11

health  and  wellness  programs,  education  benefits  to  pursue  degrees  and  certifications  and  additional  offerings  to  support 
financial  stability  and  personal  planning.  The  Allegion  Leadership  Behaviors  –  break  boundaries,  innovate,  be  courageous, 
engage  and  develop,  champion  change  and  be  inclusive  –  work  in  concert  with  our  performance  management  system  to 
reinforce our values and code of conduct in assessing how people lead and deliver top performance.

Talent Attraction 
Our employer brand strength creates a differentiated employee experience that attracts and retains the right talent for Allegion. 
Our talent attraction efforts are focused on and highlight a culture that reflects our core values, Allegion Leadership Behaviors 
and business objectives. These efforts begin well before people work for us. Around the world, our sites partner with schools 
and support teachers, providing mentoring, grants, scholarships, internships, co-op programs, classroom technology and on-site 
activities  and  full-time  rotational  programs  after  graduation.  Our  sites  sponsor  science,  technology,  engineering  and  math 
("STEM")  programs  and  competitions  to  spur  interest  in  fields  like  robotics,  IT  and  engineering.  In  the  U.S.,  we  also  host 
annual  Manufacturing  Day  events  virtually  and  at  several  of  our  production  and  assembly  facilities.  These  programs  expose 
students  to  careers  in  manufacturing  and  technology  and  provide  educators  with  programming  to  encourage  academic 
excellence and social development while building a pipeline of talent for us. 

We  want  to  attract  talent  with  core  capabilities  relevant  to  our  long-term  corporate  business  strategy:  customer  focus, 
innovation,  partnering,  pace  and  agility  and  collaboration.  We  use  a  variety  of  recruitment  tactics  to  ensure  a  strong  base  of 
labor for manufacturing operations and to build the base of talent with these capabilities. Throughout the recruitment cycle, we 
provide a technology-enabled seamless experience for internal and external candidates and hiring managers.

Talent Development and Succession Planning
Talent  development  and  succession  planning  are  key  components  of  the  Allegion  Operating  System,  our  system  of  annual 
operation that supports governance, reporting processes and management of the business. Our performance management system 
includes  annual  performance  reviews  for  all  permanent  salaried  employees,  where,  in  alignment  with  our  values,  an  open 
feedback  culture  is  encouraged,  regardless  of  level  or  hierarchy.  Inclusive  talent  development  and  succession  planning  takes 
place at all levels of the organization and is supported through the Allegion Leadership Behaviors, individual career mapping, 
assessment of performance and talent pipeline planning up to and including the executive leadership team ("ELT"). As part of 
their  quarterly  business  review,  the  ELT  reviews  talent  development,  focusing  on  developing  a  diverse  succession  pipeline. 
These  cross-functional  reviews  highlight  individuals  who  are  ready  for  new  opportunities,  individuals  who  are  on  a  special 
assignment or project and individuals early in their career that demonstrate emerging leadership skills.

Learning and Development 
Opportunities  for  on-going  learning  and  development  are  delivered  to  employees  through  structured  coursework,  on-site  and 
expert-led  training  and  experiential,  applied  development.  The  Allegion  Academy  is  offered  globally,  supporting  multiple 
languages  and  providing  more  than  20,000  self-guided  online  courses,  as  well  as  learning  community  channels  on  targeted 
skills  and  topics  like  inclusion  and  diversity.  We  offer  programs  to  provide  successive  levels  of  development,  including 
reskilling  and  upskilling  existing  employees,  as  well  as  strengths-based  leadership  curriculum  and  global  programs  for 
employee mentoring and coaching. Enterprise excellence initiatives and sprint teams expand skills in lean manufacturing and 
quality principles and lead to redesigning workflow to boost productivity and reduce waste.

Engagement and Diversity, Equity and Inclusion ("DEI") 
Engagement  and  DEI  are  also  parts  of  the  Allegion  Operating  System.  Engagement  surveys  provide  a  mechanism  to  gather 
direct employee feedback, give team leaders insights on potential areas of focus and allow leaders to prioritize and take action 
on  their  teams’  foundational,  inclusion,  growth  and  development  needs.  Strengths-based  leadership  is  an  element  of  our 
commitment to inclusion: the more employees understand their own strengths, the better equipped they are to add value and 
appreciate the contributions of diverse members of their teams.

Engagement  and  DEI  are  topics  for  learning  communities,  employee roundtables  and  ongoing,  regular  analysis  and  dialogue 
among  people  leaders,  executive  leadership  and  Board  of  Directors.  We  believe  in  fundamental  standards  that  support  our 
employees, including a commitment to building and maintaining diverse and inclusive workplaces, safe and healthy practices 
and competitive wages and benefits. We embrace all differences and similarities among colleagues and within the relationships 
we foster with customers, suppliers and the communities where we live and work. Employee led resource and affinity groups 
provide  enrichment  opportunities  for  women's  leadership,  early  career  professionals,  allies  and  members  of  the  LBGTQIA+, 
veteran  and  Hispanic  communities,  working  parents,  innovation,  health  and  fitness,  site-specific  engagement  and  community 
volunteering  and  philanthropy.  Whatever  background,  experience,  race,  color,  national  origin,  religion,  age,  gender,  gender 
identity, disability status, sexual orientation, protected veteran status or any other characteristic protected by law, we make sure 
that potential and current employees have every opportunity for application and the opportunity to give their best at work.

The efforts of Allegion’s DEI Steering Committee, our ELT and the employee-led Inclusion Council, are driving expectations 
and accountability while creating role models and change champions. Our DEI strategy has three core pillars:

12

•

•

•

Learn  &  listen  deeply:  Learn  to  recognize  biases  and  mitigate  them.  Seek  to  first  understand  an  individual's
perspective rather than respond or act;
Unite widely: Create a workplace where all employees feel welcomed, respected and valued, enabling customers to
more easily connect with our brands through our people; and
Take action: Identify the unique things that impact our organization, our communities and our industry.

During  2022,  we  updated  our  strategic  action  priorities,  which  center  on:  1)  Building  and  sustaining  equitable  policies  and 
practices; 2) Creating an inclusive culture; and 3) Elevating the approach to DEI in our industry and having a positive impact on 
our  communities.  We  are  dedicated  to  fulfilling  equal  opportunity  commitments  in  all  decisions  regarding  all  employment 
actions  and  at  all  levels  of  employment.  In  partnership  with  our  Human  Resources  organization,  our  Equal  Employment 
Opportunity  Officer  ensures  that  the  applicable  policy  and  procedures  are  appropriately  established,  implemented  and 
disseminated, including those prohibiting discrimination, harassment, bullying and/or retaliation.

Civic Involvement 
Civic involvement is part of the value proposition we offer employees and supports DEI, growth and development. We provide 
multi-faceted support for our communities, guided by three philanthropic pillars: safety and security; wellness; and addressing 
the  unique  needs  of  the  communities  where  we  live,  learn,  work  and  visit.  Corporate  sponsorships  and  voluntary  employee 
payroll  deductions  support  a  wide  range  of  non-profits,  including  those  that  address  housing  and  school  security  and  safety; 
children  and  youth  programs;  education  and  scholarships  for  people  of  color  and  those  who  are  economically  disadvantaged 
and  support  for  Historically  Black  Colleges  and  Universities;  community  safety  nets  for  basic  needs  (e.g.,  food,  shelter, 
transportation) for underserved people and to break the cycle of poverty; wellness, mental health, health research, emergency 
relief and blood supply initiatives; and programs to advance equality, justice and address systemic bias. In addition to corporate 
sponsorships, site leaders and employees are encouraged to organize local volunteer and fundraising activities, provide grants to 
local organizations and serve on boards and committees. 

Respect for Human Rights
Our  respect  for  human  rights  is  expressed  in  standards  for  our  employees,  our  business  partners,  our  customers  and  our 
communities. We uphold our Global Human Rights Policy, with standards that align with basic working conditions and human 
rights concepts advanced by international organizations such as the International Labor Organization and the United Nations. 
This policy also represents our own minimum standards for working conditions and human rights in our business and supply 
chains. In addition, we conduct risk assessments and continue to have conversations with the suppliers and companies we work 
with about the importance of human rights.

Employee Health and Safety 
Employee  health  and  safety  are  top  priorities,  and  we  consistently  rank  as  the  safest  among  leading  competitors  on  core 
measures such as the total recordable incident rate. ‘Be safe, be healthy’ is a core organizational value in our proactive safety 
culture and has guided our response throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We continue to adapt to changing health conditions 
at a local level and support a wide range of health and safety measures, including encouraging preventative measures such as 
COVID-19 and influenza vaccines and booster shots.

The  ELT,  with  oversight  from  our  Board  of  Directors,  is  responsible  for  risk  management,  employee  accountability,  safety 
hazard recognition and executing safety initiatives. We monitor leading and lagging indicators related to health and safety as 
part  of  our  ongoing  management  of  the  Allegion  Operating  System  and  regularly  update  the  Corporate  Governance  and 
Nominating Committee of the Board of Directors on key developments and employee health and safety topics. In recognition of 
our efforts to integrate sound environmental, health and safety ("EHS") management with our business operations, in 2021, we 
received the renowned Robert W. Campbell Award from the National Safety Council.

Regulatory Matters

We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations, both within and outside the U.S., relating to EHS 
matters.  We  are  committed  to  conducting  our  business  in  a  safe,  environmentally  responsible  and  sustainable  manner,  in 
compliance with all applicable EHS laws and regulations, and in a manner that helps promote and protect the health and safety 
of  our  environment,  associates,  customers,  contractors  and  members  of  our  local  communities  worldwide.	 We  operate  with 
principles that support our proactive commitments, including:

•

Integrating sound EHS and sustainability strategies in all elements of our business functions, including objectives and
measurements;
Conducting periodic, formal evaluation of our compliance status and annual review of objectives and targets;
Creating a workplace culture where all employees are responsible for safety;

•
•
• Making  continuous  improvements  in  EHS  and  sustainability  management  systems  and  performance,  including  the
reduction in the usage of natural resources, waste minimization, prevention of pollution and prevention of workplace
accidents, injuries and risks;

13

•

•
•

Designing,  operating  and  maintaining  our  facilities  in  a  manner  that  minimizes  negative  EHS  and  sustainability
impacts;
Using materials responsibly, including the recycling and reuse of materials, where feasible; and
Acting in a way that shows sensitivity to community concerns about EHS and sustainability issues.

We recognize that these principles are critical to our future success. We have a dedicated environmental program designed to 
reduce the utilization and generation of hazardous materials during the manufacturing process and to remediate any identified 
environmental concerns. As to the latter, we are currently engaged in site investigations and remediation activities to address 
environmental  cleanup  from  past  operations  at  current  and  former  production  facilities.  We  also  regularly  evaluate  our 
remediation methods that are in addition to, or in replacement of, those we currently utilize based upon enhanced technology 
and regulatory changes. We are sometimes a party to environmental lawsuits and claims and have, from time to time, received 
notices of potential violations of environmental laws and regulations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") 
and  similar  state  authorities.  We  have  also  been  identified  as  a  potentially  responsible  party  ("PRP")  for  cleanup  costs 
associated with off-site waste disposal at federal Superfund and state remediation sites. For all such sites, there are other PRPs 
and, in most instances, our involvement is minimal.

In estimating our liability, we have assumed that we will not bear the entire cost of remediation of any site to the exclusion of 
other PRPs who may be jointly and severally liable. The ability of other PRPs to participate has been taken into account, based 
on our understanding of the parties’ financial condition and probable contributions on a per site basis. Additional lawsuits and 
claims  involving  environmental  matters  are  likely  to  arise  from  time  to  time  in  the  future.  For  a  further  discussion  of  our 
potential environmental liabilities, see Notes 2 and 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Environmental,  social  and  governance  ("ESG")  factors  important  to  our  business  are  embedded  into  our  values  and  our 
leadership's  commitment  to  create  a  workplace  culture  committed  to  doing  the  right  thing  in  the  right  way.  Our  Board  of 
Directors  oversees  the  Company's  ESG  strategies,  goals  and  performance,  and  both  our  leadership  and  employees  all  have  a 
responsibility  to  uphold  excellence,  as  we  believe  our  commitment  to  ESG  matters  helps  advance  engagement  and  business 
vitality.  In  2022,  Allegion  was  among  the  notable  companies  honored  with  a  SEAL  Business  Sustainability  Award,  in 
recognition of our proactive water reduction project implemented across two of our production facilities in the Baja region of 
Mexico. Additional information about our ESG priorities and progress may be found in the ESG section of our website (found 
under the ESG tab at www.allegion.com). The website highlights our ongoing progress and advancements in ESG matters, and 
includes our materiality matrix of ESG priorities.

Available Information

We  are  required  to  file  annual,  quarterly  and  current  reports,  proxy  statements  and  other  documents  with  the  SEC  under  the 
Exchange  Act.  The  SEC  maintains  an  Internet  website  that  contains  reports,  proxy  and  information  statements  and  other 
information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that are filed by us at 
www.sec.gov.

In addition, the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as future quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on 
Form  8-K  and  any  amendments  to  all  of  the  foregoing  reports,  are  made  available  free  of  charge  on  our  Internet  website 
(www.allegion.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. 

Throughout  this  Form  10-K,  we  refer  to  additional  information  that  may  be  found  or  is  available  on  our  websites.  The 
information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our websites is not incorporated by reference into, and is not part of, 
this Form 10-K.

14

Item 1A.    RISK FACTORS 

We  are  subject  to  future  events,  risks  and  uncertainties  –  many  of  which  are  beyond  our  control  –  that  could  materially  and 
adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. You should carefully consider the risk 
factors  discussed  below,  together  with  all  the  other  information  included  in  this  Form  10-K,  in  evaluating  us,  our  ordinary 
shares and our senior notes. If any of the events, risks or uncertainties below actually occurs, our business, financial condition, 
results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. Any such adverse effect may cause the trading 
price  of  our  ordinary  shares  to  decline,  and  as  a  result,  you  could  lose  all  or  part  of  your  investment  in  us.  Our  business, 
financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows  may  also  be  materially  and  adversely  affected  by  events,  risks  and 
uncertainties not known to us or events, risks and uncertainties that we currently believe to be immaterial.

Economic, Market and Financial Risks

Our business operations and performance have been, and are expected to continue to be, impacted by global macroeconomic 
factors. Ongoing macroeconomic challenges could adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial conditions 
and cash flows.

Macroeconomic challenges, including ongoing supply chain disruptions and delays, material, electronic component and labor 
shortages, cost inflation, rising interest rates and volatility in the capital markets, have impacted, and may continue to impact, 
our business, our customers and our suppliers. These challenges may also make it more challenging for us to manufacture and 
deliver products to our customers, could cause periodic production interruptions and supply constraints, impact our ability to 
forecast  and  plan  for  future  business  activities  and,  if  not  adequately  managed,  could  have  a  material  adverse  impact  on  our 
business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Further,  demand  for  our  products  and  solutions  is  impacted  by  the  strength  of  institutional,  commercial  and  residential 
construction  and  remodeling  markets,  which  are  sensitive  to  national,  regional  and  local  economic  conditions.  As  a  result, 
deterioration of these macroeconomic conditions (or weakness in these conditions existing for an extended period of time), a 
decline in general economic activity or recession in the U.S. or global economy could slow demand for new construction or 
remodeling projects and result in our customers cancelling or delaying orders, which in turn could erode average selling prices 
and result in declines in our revenues, profitability and cash flows.

Increased prices and inflation could negatively impact our margin performance and our financial results.

Elevated  levels  of  inflation,  including  rising  prices  for  raw  materials,  parts  and  components,  freight,  packaging,  labor  and 
energy,  increases  our  costs  to  manufacture  and  distribute  our  products  and  services,  and  we  may  be  unable  to  pass  these 
increased  costs  on  to  our  customers.  We  do  not  currently  use  financial  derivatives  to  hedge  against  volatility  in  commodity 
prices; however, we utilize firm purchase commitments, where possible, to help mitigate risk. The pricing of some materials, 
parts  and  components  we  use  is  based  on  market  prices.  To  mitigate  this  exposure,  we  may  use  annual  price  contracts  to 
minimize the impact of inflation and to benefit from deflation. 

Additionally, we are exposed to fluctuations in other costs such as packaging, freight, labor and energy prices. If inflation in 
these costs increases beyond our ability to control for them through measures such as implementing operating efficiencies, or 
we  are  not  able  to  increase  prices  to  sufficiently  offset  the  effect  of  various  cost  increases  without  negatively  impacting 
customer demand, our margin performance and results of operations would be negatively impacted.

Our global operations subject us to economic risks.

Our businesses operate around the world in various geographic regions and product markets. Additionally, we procure various 
products, parts, components and services from supplier partners located throughout the world. Our global operations depend on 
products  manufactured,  purchased  and  sold  in  the  U.S.  and  internationally,  including  in  Australia,  Canada,  China,  Europe, 
Mexico,  New  Zealand  and  the  Middle  East.  The  political,  economic  and  regulatory  environments  in  which  we  operate  are 
becoming increasingly volatile and uncertain. Accordingly, we are subject to multiple risks that are inherent in operating and 
sourcing globally, including:

•

•
•
•

•
•
•

Changes to trade agreements, sanctions, import and export regulations, including imposition of burdensome tariffs and
quotas, and customs duties;
Changes in applicable tax regulations and interpretations;
Economic downturns;
Social  and  political  unrest,  instability,  national  and  international  conflict,  including  war,  border  closures,  civil
disturbances, terrorist acts and other geographical disputes and uncertainties;
Government measures to restrict business activity, for example, to prevent the spread of a communicable disease;
Changes in laws and regulations or imposition of currency restrictions and other restraints in various jurisdictions;
Limitation of ownership rights, including expropriation of assets by a local government, and limitation on the ability to
repatriate earnings;

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•
•
•
•

Sovereign debt crises and currency instability in developed and developing countries;
Difficulty in staffing and managing global operations;
Difficulty in enforcing agreements, collecting receivables and protecting assets through non-U.S. legal systems; and
Difficulty in transporting materials, components and products.

These  risks  have  increased  our  cost  of  doing  business  in  the  U.S.  and  internationally.  These  risks  may  also  increase  our 
counterparty risk, disrupt our operations, disrupt the ability of suppliers and customers to fulfill their obligations, increase our 
effective tax rate, increase the cost of our products, limit our ability to sell products and services in certain markets, reduce our 
operating margin and cash flows and/or negatively impact our ability to compete.

Our business relies on the institutional, commercial and residential construction and remodeling markets.

Demand  for  our  security  products  and  solutions  relies  on  the  institutional,  commercial  and  residential  construction  and 
remodeling  markets,  which  are  marked  by  cyclicality  based  on  overall  economic  conditions,  including  consumer  confidence 
and disposable income, corporate and government spending, work-from-home trends, availability of credit and demand for new 
housing and infrastructure. Weakness or instability in one or more of these markets may cause current and potential customers 
to delay or cancel major capital projects or otherwise choose not to make purchases, which could negatively impact the demand 
for our products and solutions and erode average selling prices.

Currency  exchange  rate  fluctuations  have  had,  and  may  continue  to  have,  an  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We are exposed to a variety of market risks, including the effects of changes in currency exchange rates. See "Part II, Item 7A. 
Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  –  Quantitative  and  Qualitative 
Disclosures About Market Risk."

Approximately  25%  of  our  2022  Net  revenues  were  derived  outside  the  U.S.,  and  we  expect  sales  to  non-U.S.  customers  to 
continue to represent a significant portion of our consolidated Net revenues. Although we may enter into currency exchange 
contracts  to  reduce  our  risk  related  to  currency  exchange  fluctuations,  changes  in  the  relative  fair  values  of  currencies  occur 
from time to time and in some instances, as was the case in 2022, have had a significant impact on our Net revenues. We do not 
hedge against all our currency exposure, and therefore, our results of operations will continue to be susceptible to impacts from 
currency fluctuations.

We also translate assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies into U.S. dollars for our 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements  based  on  applicable  exchange  rates.  Consequently,  fluctuations  in  the  value  of  the  U.S. 
dollar  compared  to  other  currencies  may  have  a  material  impact  on  the  value  of  these  items  in  our  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements,  even  if  their  value  has  not  changed  in  their  original  currency.  Further,  certain  of  our  businesses  may  invoice 
customers  in  a  currency  other  than  its  functional  currency,  or  may  be  invoiced  by  suppliers  in  a  currency  other  than  its 
functional currency, which could result in unfavorable translation effects on these businesses and our results of operations.

We may be required to recognize impairment charges for our goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets and other long-lived 
assets.

At December 31, 2022, the net carrying value of our goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets totaled approximately 
$1.4  billion  and  $110  million,  respectively.  Pursuant  to  U.S.  generally  accepted  accounting  principles  ("GAAP"),  we  are 
required to annually assess our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment. In addition, interim assessments 
must  be  performed  for  these  and  other  long-lived  assets  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  an 
impairment may have occurred. Significant disruptions to our business or end market conditions, protracted economic weakness 
(including a potential economic downturn or recession), unexpected significant declines in operating results of reporting units, 
divestitures or market capitalization declines may result in recognition of impairment charges to our goodwill, indefinite-lived 
intangible  or  other  long-lived  assets.  Any  charges  relating  to  such  impairments  could  have  a  material  adverse  impact  on  our 
results of operations in the periods when recognized.

The capital and credit markets are important to our business.

Continued instability in U.S. and global capital and credit markets, including market disruptions, limited liquidity and interest 
rate  volatility  or  reductions  in  the  credit  ratings  assigned  to  us  by  independent  ratings  agencies,  could  reduce  our  access  to 
capital  markets,  increase  our  costs  of  borrowing  or  adversely  impact  our  ability  to  obtain  favorable  financing  terms  in  the 
future. In particular, if we are unable to access capital and credit markets on terms that are acceptable to us, we may not be able 
to execute potential merger and acquisition plans, make other investments or fully execute our business plans and strategy.
Our suppliers and customers are also dependent upon the capital and credit markets. Limitations on the ability of customers, 
suppliers or financial counterparties to access credit could lead to insolvencies of key suppliers and customers, limit or prevent 
customers  from  obtaining  credit  to  finance  purchases  of  our  products  and  services,  delay  institutional,  commercial  and/or 
residential construction and remodeling projects and cause delays in the delivery of key products from suppliers. 

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There are risks associated with our outstanding and future indebtedness.

We had approximately $2.1 billion of outstanding indebtedness at December 31, 2022. Included in this total was $69 million 
outstanding under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the "2021 Revolving Facility") that permits borrowings of up 
to $500 million. A portion of our cash flows from operations is dedicated to servicing our indebtedness and will not be available 
for other purposes, including our operations, capital expenditures, payment of dividends, share repurchases or future business 
opportunities or other strategic investments.

Our  ability  to  make  scheduled  payments  or  to  refinance  our  debt  obligations  depends  on  our  financial  and  operating 
performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other 
factors  beyond  our  control,  such  as  the  credit  ratings  assigned  to  us  by  independent  ratings  agencies  or  our  ability  to  access 
capital markets on acceptable terms. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, 
we  may  be  forced  to  reduce  or  delay  capital  expenditures,  reduce  or  eliminate  the  payment  of  dividends,  sell  assets,  seek 
additional capital or seek to restructure or refinance our indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and 
may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. In such event, we could face substantial liquidity problems 
and might be required to sell material assets or operations to attempt to meet our debt service and other obligations. 

Additionally, at December 31, 2022, our borrowings included a variable rate term loan facility (the "2021 Term Facility", and 
together with the 2021 Revolving Facility, the "2021 Credit Facilities"). The 2021 Credit Facilities had a combined outstanding 
variable  rate  balance  of  $306.5  million  at  December  31,  2022,  which  exposes  us  to  variable  interest  rate  risk.  Applicable 
variable interest rates have increased throughout 2022, resulting in increased Interest expense. We are also exposed to the risk 
of  continued  rising  interest  rates  to  the  extent  we  fund  our  short  or  long-term  financing  needs  with  variable-rate  borrowings 
under the 2021 Revolving Facility. If variable base rates under the 2021 Credit Facilities continue to increase in the future, our 
Interest expense could increase as well. For more details about our interest rate exposure under the 2021 Credit Facilities, please 
see Part II. Item 7A.

Strategic and Operational Risks

Increased competition, including from technological developments, could adversely affect our business. 

The  markets  in  which  we  operate  include  a  large  number  of  participants,  including  multi-national,  regional  and  small,  local 
companies.  We  primarily  compete  on  the  basis  of  quality,  innovation,  expertise,  effective  channels  to  market,  breadth  of 
product offering and price. We may be unable to effectively compete on all these bases. Further, in a number of our product 
offerings, we compete with our retail customers and technology partners who use their own private labels. If we are unable to 
anticipate evolving trends in the market or the timing and scale of our competitors’ activities and initiatives, including increased 
competition from private label brands, the demand for our products and services could be negatively impacted. 

In  addition,  we  compete  in  an  industry  that  is  experiencing  the  convergence  of  mechanical,  electronic  and  digital  products. 
Technology and innovation play significant roles in the competitive landscape. Our success depends, in part, upon the research, 
development and implementation of new technologies and products including obtaining, maintaining and enforcing necessary 
intellectual  property  protections.  Securing  and  maintaining  key  partnerships  and  alliances,  recruiting  and  retaining  highly 
skilled and qualified employee talent and having access to technologies, services, intellectual property and solutions developed 
by others will play a significant role in our ability to effectively compete. The continual development of new technologies by 
existing  and  new  competitors,  including  non-traditional  competitors  with  significant  resources,  could  adversely  affect  our 
ability  to  sustain  operating  margins  and  desirable  levels  of  sales  volumes.  To  remain  competitive,  we  must  develop  new 
products and service offerings and respond to new technologies in a timely manner.

Our growth is dependent, in part, on the development, commercialization and acceptance of new products and services.

We must develop and commercialize new products and services that meet the varied and evolving needs of our customers and 
end-users in order to remain competitive in our current and future markets and in order to continue to grow our business. End 
users are continually adopting more advanced technologies in their facilities and homes, accelerated by the increasing adoption 
of IoT technologies and connected devices, which will require us to devote significant effort and resources to the development, 
maintenance and enhancement of the IT systems and other infrastructure required to support and/or enhance the functionality of 
our electronic products and solutions. The speed of development by our competitors and new market entrants is increasing. We 
cannot provide any assurance that any new product or service will be successfully commercialized in a timely manner, if ever, 
or,  if  commercialized,  will  result  in  returns  greater  than  our  investment.  Investment  in  a  product  or  service  could  divert  our 
attention and resources from other projects that become more commercially viable in the market. We also cannot provide any 
assurance that any new product or service will be accepted by the market.

Changes in customer and consumer preferences and the inability to maintain beneficial relationships with large customers 
could adversely affect our business. 

We have significant customers, particularly major retailers, although no one customer represented 10% or more of our total Net 
revenues in any of the past three fiscal years. The loss or material reduction of business, either due to a reduction in demand 

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from  one  or  more  of  our  significant  customers,  or  our  inability  to  timely  meet  any  elevated  level  of  customer  demand  for 
various reasons, the lack of success of sales initiatives or changes in customer preferences or loyalties for our products related 
to any such significant customer could have a material adverse impact on our business. In addition, major customers who are 
volume  purchasers  are  much  larger  than  us  and  have  strong  bargaining  power  with  their  suppliers.  This  limits  our  ability  to 
recover cost increases through higher selling prices. Furthermore, unanticipated inventory adjustments by these customers can 
have a negative impact on sales. 

We also  sell our products  through various  trade channels,  including traditional retail and  e-commerce channels.  If we or our 
major  customers  are  not  successful  in  navigating  the  shifting  consumer  preferences  to  distribution  channels  such  as  e-
commerce, our expected future revenues may be negatively impacted.

If our products or solutions fail to meet certification and specification requirements, are defective, cause, or are alleged to 
have  caused,  bodily  harm  or  injury,  or  otherwise  fall  short  of  end-users'  needs  and  expectations,  our  business  may  be 
negatively impacted.

The  security  and  access  control  product  markets  we  serve  often  have  unique  certification  and  specification  requirements, 
reflecting  local  regulatory  requirements  and  highly  variable  end-user  needs.  While  we  strive  to  meet  all  certification  and 
specification requirements, if any of our products or solutions do not meet such requirements, or contain, or are perceived to 
contain, defects or otherwise fall short of end-users' needs and expectations, fail to perform as intended, or are otherwise alleged 
to  result  in  property  damage,  bodily  injury  and/or  death  we  may  become  subject  to  personal  injury  lawsuits  and/or  product 
liability  claims,  and  if  found  liable,  may  incur  significant  costs,  which  could  negatively  impact  our  business,  results  of 
operations or financial condition. 

Additionally, electronic security products and solutions are increasingly more sophisticated and technologically complex than 
the mechanical security products we sell and have an increased risk of design, cybersecurity or manufacturing defects, which 
could lead to recalls, product replacements or modifications, write-offs of inventory or other assets and significant warranty and 
other expenses. Product quality issues could also adversely affect the end-user experience, resulting in reputational harm, loss 
of  competitive  advantage,  poor  market  acceptance,  reduced  demand  for  products  and  solutions,  delay  in  new  product  and 
service  introductions  and  lost  sales.  Further,  adverse  publicity,  whether  or  not  justified,  or  allegations  of  product  or  service 
quality issues, even if false or unfounded, could damage our reputation and negatively affect our sales.

Our  business  and  innovation  strategies  include  making  acquisitions  of,  and  investments  in,  external  companies.  These 
acquisitions  and  investments  could  be  unsuccessful,  consume  significant  resources  or  increase  our  exposure  to 
cybersecurity, data privacy or other regulatory risks, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results 
of operations and cash flows.

Our  long-term  growth  strategies  include  the  acquisition  of  businesses  or  product  lines  to  strengthen  our  industry  position, 
enhance  our  existing  set  of  products  and  services  offerings  or  expand  into  adjacent  markets.  For  example,  in  July  2022,  we 
completed the acquisition of the Access Technologies business. However, we cannot provide assurance that we will identify or 
successfully complete acquisitions with suitable candidates in the future, nor can we provide assurance that completed or future 
acquisitions will be successful or otherwise achieve the anticipated strategic and financial benefits, including cost and revenue 
synergies. 

Acquisitions  often  place  significant  demands  on  management,  operational  and  financial  resources,  which  could  decrease 
management’s  capacity  to  focus  on  other  important  business  strategies  or  divert  resources  from  other  parts  of  our  business. 
Further, the success of future or completed acquisitions will depend, in large part, on the successful integration of operations, 
sales and marketing, information technology, finance and administrative operations. We cannot provide assurance that we will 
be able to successfully integrate these new businesses. Additionally, the financing of future business acquisitions may increase 
our leverage, impact our credit rating and/or diminish our financial position and ability to re-invest in our existing businesses. 
Future acquisitions may also be dependent on our ability to access the capital and credit markets to obtain new debt or equity 
financing to fund the purchase price on terms that are acceptable to us.

Some of the businesses we may seek to acquire may be marginally profitable or unprofitable. For these businesses to achieve 
acceptable levels of profitability, we may need to improve their management, operations, products and market penetration or 
incur significant capital expenditures. We may not be successful in this regard, the costs of doing so may exceed our original 
estimates or we may encounter other potential difficulties.

Acquisitions also involve numerous other risks, including: 

•
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•
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•

Difficulties in obtaining and verifying the financial statements and other business information of acquired businesses;
Inability to obtain regulatory approvals and/or required financing on favorable terms;
Potential loss of key employees, key contractual relationships or key customers of acquired companies or of us;
Difficulties competing in any new markets we may enter;
Assumption of the liabilities and exposure to unforeseen liabilities (including, but not limited to, regulatory, legal and
product or personal liability claims) of acquired companies;

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•

•

•

•

Cybersecurity  related  vulnerabilities  or  data  security  incidents  that  may  be  present  in  the  IT  Systems  of  acquired
companies, or emerge when integrating the acquired company into our IT Systems;
Dilution  of  interests  of  holders  of  our  ordinary  shares  through  the  issuance  of  equity  securities  or  equity-linked
securities;
Labor  disruptions,  work  stoppages  or  other  employee-related  issues,  particularly  if  employees  of  the  acquired
companies are represented by labor unions or trade councils; and
Difficulty  in  integrating  financial  reporting  systems  and  implementing  controls,  procedures  and  policies,  including
disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  appropriate  for  public  companies  of
our size at companies that, prior to the acquisition, had lacked such controls, procedures and policies.

Further,  as  part  of  our  innovation  strategy,  from  time  to  time  we  invest  in  start-up  companies  and/or  development  stage 
technology  or  other  companies.  In  evaluating  these  opportunities,  we  follow  a  structured  evaluation  process  that  considers 
factors such as potential financial returns, new expertise in emerging technology and business benefits. Despite our best efforts 
to  calculate  potential  return  and  risk,  some  or  all  of  the  companies  we  invest  in  may  be  unprofitable  at  the  time  of,  and 
subsequent to, our investment. We may lose money in these investments, including the potential for future impairment charges 
on the investments, and the anticipated benefits of the technology and business relationships may be less than expected.

We may pursue business opportunities that diverge from our core business.

We  may  pursue  business  opportunities  that  diverge  from  our  core  business,  including  expanding  our  products  or  service 
offerings,  seeking  to  expand  our  products  and  services  into  new  international  markets,  investing  in  new  and  unproven 
technologies and forming new alliances with companies to develop and distribute our products and services. We can offer no 
assurance  that  any  such  business  opportunities  will  prove  successful.  Certain  international  markets  may  be  slower  than  our 
established markets in adopting our services and products, and our operations in such markets may not develop at a rate that 
supports our level of investment. Among other negative effects, our investment in new business opportunities may exceed the 
returns we realize. New investments could have higher cost structures than our current business, which could reduce operating 
margins and require more working capital. In the event that working capital requirements exceed operating cash flow, we may 
be  required  to  draw  on  the  2021  Revolving  Facility  or  pursue  other  external  financing,  which  may  not  be  readily  available. 
Additionally, our pursuit of new business opportunities that diverge from our core business may expose us to different risks and 
uncertainties  other  than  those  described  in  this  “Risk  Factors”  section  or  elsewhere  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K.  In 
addition to the risks outlined above, expansion into certain new markets may require us to compete with local businesses with 
greater knowledge of the market, including the tastes and preferences of end-users, and higher market shares. 

Our  strategic  initiatives,  including  enterprise  excellence  efforts  among  other  significant  capital  expenditure  projects,  may 
not achieve the improvements or financial returns we expect.

We utilize a number of tools to improve efficiency and productivity. Implementation of new processes to our operations could 
cause disruptions and may prove to be more difficult, costly or time consuming than expected. Additionally, from time to time 
we  undertake  substantial  capital  projects  for  varying  reasons,  such  as  to  increase  production  capacity  or  to  insource  certain 
products,  parts  or  components.  We  invest  in  areas  we  believe  best  align  with  our  business  strategies  and  that  will  optimize 
future  returns.  However,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  all  our  planned  enterprise  excellence  projects  or  other  capital 
expenditures will be fully implemented, or if implemented, will realize the expected improvements or financial returns.

We may not be able to effectively manage and implement restructuring initiatives or other organizational changes. 

We have, from time to time, restructured or made other adjustments to our workforce and manufacturing footprint, and may 
need to do so in the future, in response to market or product changes, performance issues, changes in strategy, acquisitions and/
or  other  internal  or  external  considerations.  These  restructuring  activities  and  other  organizational  changes  often  result  in 
increased  restructuring  costs,  diversion  of  management’s  time  and  attention  from  daily  operations,  cybersecurity  and  other 
operational risks and temporarily reduced productivity. If we are unable to successfully manage and implement restructuring 
and other organizational changes, we may not achieve or sustain the expected growth or cost savings benefits of these activities 
or  do  so  within  the  expected  timeframe.  These  effects  could  recur  in  connection  with  future  acquisitions  and  other 
organizational changes and our results of operations could be negatively affected.

The effects of global climate change or other unexpected events, including global health crises, may disrupt our operations 
and have a negative impact on our business.

The  effects  of  global  climate  change,  such  as  extreme  weather  conditions  and  natural  disasters  occurring  more  frequently  or 
with  more  intense  effects,  or  the  occurrence  of  unexpected  events  including  wildfires,  tornadoes,  hurricanes,  earthquakes, 
floods, tsunamis and other severe hazards in the countries where we operate or sell products and services, could adversely affect 
our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. These events could disrupt our operations by impacting 
the availability and cost of materials needed for manufacturing, cause physical damage or closure of our manufacturing sites or 
distribution  centers,  lead  to  loss  of  human  capital  and/or  cause  temporary  or  long-term  disruption  in  the  manufacturing  or 
delivery  of  products  and  services  to  customers.  These  events  and  disruptions  could  also  adversely  affect  our  customers’  and 

19

suppliers’  financial  condition  or  ability  to  operate,  resulting  in  reduced  customer  demand,  delays  in  payments  received  or 
supply  chain  disruptions.  Further,  these  events  and  disruptions  could  increase  insurance  and  other  operating  costs,  including 
impacting our decisions regarding construction of new facilities to select areas less prone to climate change risks and natural 
disasters,  which  could  result  in  indirect  financial  risks  passed  through  the  supply  chain  or  other  price  modifications  to  our 
products and services. 

Additionally, as we have experienced in recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic created significant volatility, uncertainty and 
economic disruption, both for our business (and many of our customers and suppliers) and the U.S. and global economy more 
generally.  It  also  led,  both  directly  and  indirectly,  to  significant  operating  challenges,  including  disruptions  to  our  and  our 
suppliers’  operations,  shortages  of  electronic  and  other  parts  and  components,  freight  delays,  increased  labor  shortages  and 
logistical challenges. Although most governments have eased or eliminated their restrictions on travel and social interactions, 
and lifted non-essential business closures, several jurisdictions in which we have operations, such as China, have public health 
and government mandates that restrict business activities. These mandates and restrictions have, and could continue to have, an 
impact on our business and operations, and on the operations of some of our suppliers. 

Global health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic or any other actual or threatened epidemic, pandemic, or outbreak and 
spread  of  a  communicable  disease  or  virus  in  the  countries  where  we  operate  or  sell  products  and  provide  services  could 
adversely affect our operations and financial performance. Further, any national, state or local government mandates or other 
orders taken to minimize the spread of a global health crisis could restrict our ability to conduct business as usual, as well as the 
business  activities  of  our  key  customers  and  suppliers,  including  the  potential  for  labor  shortages.  In  particular,  the  ultimate 
extent of the impact of any epidemic, pandemic or other global health crisis on our business, financial condition and results of 
operations will depend on future developments which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.

We may be subject to risks relating to our information technology and operational technology systems.

We rely extensively on information technology and operational technology systems, networks and services including hardware, 
software,  firmware  and  technological  applications  and  platforms  (collectively,  "IT  Systems")  to  manage  and  operate  our 
business from end-to-end, including ordering and managing materials from suppliers, design and development, manufacturing, 
marketing,  selling  and  shipping  to  customers,  invoicing  and  billing,  managing  our  banking  and  cash  liquidity  systems, 
managing  our  enterprise  resource  planning  and  other  accounting  and  financial  systems  and  complying  with  regulatory,  legal 
and tax requirements. There can be no assurance that our current IT Systems will function properly. We have invested and will 
continue  to  invest  in  improving  our  IT  Systems.  Some  of  these  investments  are  significant  and  impact  many  important 
operational  processes  and  procedures.  There  is  no  assurance  that  newly  implemented  IT  Systems  will  improve  our  current 
systems, improve our operations or yield the expected returns on the investments. In addition, the implementation of new IT 
Systems  may  be  more  difficult,  costly  or  time  consuming  than  expected  and  cause  disruptions  in  our  operations  and,  if  not 
properly implemented and maintained, negatively impact our business. If our IT Systems cease to function properly or if these 
systems do not provide the anticipated benefits, our ability to manage our operations could be impaired. 

We  currently  rely  on  third-party  service  providers  for  many  of  the  critical  elements  of  our  global  information  and 
operational technology infrastructure, and their failure to provide effective support for such infrastructure could increase 
our cybersecurity risk or otherwise negatively impact our business and financial results.

We have outsourced many of the critical elements of our global information and operational technology infrastructure to third-
party service providers in order to achieve efficiencies. If such service providers experience a disruption due to a cyberattack or 
other internal or external factors, or they do not perform or perform effectively, we may not be able to achieve the expected 
efficiencies and may have to incur additional costs to address failures in providing service by the service providers. Depending 
on  the  function  involved,  such  non-performance,  ineffective  performance  or  failures  of  service  may  lead  to  business 
disruptions, processing inefficiencies or security breaches. 

Disruptions or breaches of our information systems could adversely affect us.

Despite our implementation of cybersecurity measures, which have focused on prevention, mitigation, resilience and recovery, 
our network and products, including access solutions, may be vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks, computer viruses, malicious 
codes,  malware,  ransomware,  phishing,  social  engineering,  denial  of  service,  hacking,  break-ins  and  similar  disruptions. 
Cybersecurity attacks and intrusion efforts are continuous and evolving, and in certain cases they have been successful at the 
most robust institutions. The scope and severity of risks that cyber threats present have increased dramatically and include, but 
are not limited to, malicious software, ransomware attacks, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data or premises, exploiting 
weaknesses related to vendors or other third parties that could be exploited to attack our systems, denials of service and other 
electronic  security  breaches  that  could  lead  to  disruptions  in  systems,  unauthorized  release  of  confidential  or  otherwise 
protected information and corruption of data. Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows as we face regulatory, reputational and litigation risks resulting from potential 
cyber  incidents,  as  well  as  the  potential  of  incurring  significant  remediation  costs.  Further,  while  we  maintain  insurance 
coverage  that  may,  subject  to  policy  terms  and  exclusions,  cover  certain  aspects  of  our  cyber  risks,  such  insurance  coverage 
may be insufficient to cover our losses or all types of claims that may arise in the continually evolving area of cyber risk.

20

Our  daily  business  operations  also  require  us  to  collect  and/or  retain  sensitive  data  such  as  intellectual  property,  proprietary 
business  information  and  data  related  to  customers,  employees,  suppliers  and  business  partners  within  our  networking 
infrastructure  including  data  from  individuals  subject  to  the  European  Union's  General  Data  Protection  Regulation,  that  is 
subject to privacy and security laws, regulations and/or customer-imposed controls. Despite our efforts to protect such data, the 
loss or breach of such data due to various causes including material security breaches, catastrophic events, extreme weather, 
natural disasters, power outages, system failures, computer viruses, improper data handling, programming errors, unauthorized 
access and employee error or malfeasance could result in wide reaching negative impacts to our business. As such, the ongoing 
maintenance and security of this information is pertinent to the success of our business operations and our strategic goals.

In addition, we operate in an environment where there are different and potentially conflicting data privacy laws and regulations 
in  effect  or  expected  to  go  into  effect  in  the  future,  including  regulations  related  to  devices  connected  through  IoT,  in  the 
various jurisdictions in which we operate, and we must understand and comply with such laws and regulations while ensuring 
our data is secure.

Our  networking  infrastructure  and  related  assets  may  be  subject  to  unauthorized  access  by  hackers,  employee  error  or 
malfeasance or other unforeseen activities. Such issues could result in the disruption of business processes, network degradation 
and  system  downtime,  along  with  the  potential  that  a  third  party  will  exploit  our  critical  assets  such  as  intellectual  property, 
proprietary  business  information  and  data  related  to  our  customers,  suppliers  and  business  partners.  To  the  extent  that  such 
disruptions occur, and our business continuity plans do not effectively address these disruptions in a timely manner, they may 
cause  delays  in  the  manufacture  or  shipment  of  our  products  and  the  cancellation  of  customer  orders  and,  as  a  result,  our 
business  operating  results  and  financial  condition  could  be  materially  and  adversely  affected,  resulting  in  a  possible  loss  of 
business or brand reputation.

Our ability to successfully grow and expand our business depends on our ability to recruit and retain a highly qualified and 
diverse workforce. 

Our ability to successfully grow and expand our business is dependent upon our ability to recruit and retain a workforce with 
the skills necessary to develop, manufacture and deliver the products and services desired by our customers. We need highly 
skilled  and  qualified  personnel  in  multiple  areas,  including  engineering,  sales,  manufacturing,  information  technology, 
cybersecurity,  business  development,  strategy  and  management.  We  must  therefore  continue  to  effectively  recruit,  retain  and 
motivate highly qualified, skilled and diverse personnel to maintain our current business and support our projected growth. A 
shortage of these employees for various reasons, including intense competition for skilled employees, labor shortages, increased 
labor  costs,  candidates’  preference  to  work  remotely,  changes  in  laws  and  policies  regarding  immigration  and  work 
authorizations  or  any  government  or  public  health  mandates  in  jurisdictions  where  we  have  operations  that  may  result  in 
workforce attrition and difficulty with recruiting, may jeopardize our ability to grow and expand our business.

We  continue  to  experience  increased  labor  shortages  at  some  of  our  production  and  distribution  facilities.  While  we  have 
historically experienced some level of ordinary course turnover of employees, the COVID-19 pandemic increased turnover and 
the ensuing negative macroeconomic environment exacerbated labor shortages and contributed to further increases in employee 
turnover.  Labor  shortages  and  increased  turnover  rates  have  led  to,  and  could  in  the  future  lead  to,  increased  costs,  such  as 
increased  overtime  to  meet  customer  demand  and  increased  wage  rates  to  attract  and  retain  employees  and  could  negatively 
affect our ability to efficiently operate our production facilities or otherwise operate at full capacity. An overall or prolonged 
labor  shortage,  lack  of  skilled  labor,  increased  turnover  or  sustained  level  of  wage  inflation  could  have  a  material  adverse 
impact on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Disruptions  in  our  global  supply  chain,  including  product  manufacturing  and  logistical  services  provided  by  our  supplier 
partners, may negatively impact our business.

We procure certain products, including raw materials and other commodities, including steel, zinc, brass and other non-ferrous 
metals,  as  well as  parts,  components  (including electronic components)  and logistical services  from supplier partners  located 
throughout the world. Our ability to meet our customers' needs and achieve cost targets depends on our ability to maintain key 
manufacturing  and  supply  arrangements,  including  supplier  execution  and  certain  sole  supplier  or  sole  manufacturing 
arrangements. Our reliance on these third parties reduces our control over the manufacturing and delivery process, exposing us 
to  risks  including  reduced  control  over  product  costs  and  delivery.  Additionally,  because  not  all  of  our  supply  arrangements 
provide for guaranteed supply and some key parts and components may be available only from a single supplier or a limited 
group  of  suppliers,  we  are  also  subject  to  supply  and  pricing  risks,  which  could  negatively  impact  our  margin  performance, 
results of operations, inventory levels and cash flows. 

If we are unable to effectively manage these relationships, or if these third parties experience delays, disruptions, shortages of 
materials,  labor,  electronic  and  other  components,  capacity  constraints,  regulatory  issues  or  quality  control  problems  in  their 
operations, freight delays and other supply chain constraints and disruptions, or otherwise fail to meet our future requirements 
for timely delivery, our ability to ship and deliver certain of our products to our customers could be impaired and our business 
could be harmed.

21

Legal and Compliance Risks

We are subject to risks related to corporate social responsibility and reputational matters.

Our reputation and the reputation of our brands, including the perception held by our customers, end-users, business partners, 
investors, other key stakeholders and the communities in which we do business are influenced by various factors. There is an 
increased  focus  from  our  stakeholders,  as  well  as  regulatory  authorities  both  within  the  U.S.  and  internationally,  on  ESG 
practices  and  disclosure.  If  we  fail,  or  are  perceived  to  have  failed,  in  any  number  of  ESG  matters,  such  as  environmental 
stewardship, DEI, good corporate governance, workplace conduct and support for local communities, or to effectively respond 
to changes in, or new, legal, regulatory or reporting requirements concerning climate change or other sustainability concerns, 
we may be subject to regulatory fines and penalties, and our reputation or the reputation of our brands may suffer. Further, we 
have  made  several  public  commitments  regarding  our  intended  reduction  of  carbon  emissions,  including  a  commitment  to 
achieve  carbon  neutral  emissions  by  2050.  Although  we  intend  to  meet  these  commitments,  we  may  be  required  to  expend 
significant resources to do so, which could increase our operational costs. Further, there can be no assurance of the extent to 
which any of our commitments will be achieved, or that any future investments we make to achieve such commitments will 
meet investor, legal and/or any other regulatory expectations and requirements. If we are unable to meet our commitments, we 
could incur adverse publicity and reaction from investors, advocacy groups or other stakeholders, which could adversely impact 
our reputation and brand perception. Such damage to our reputation and the reputation of our brands may negatively impact our 
business, demand for our products and services, our financial condition and results of operations.

In  addition,  negative  or  inaccurate  postings  or  comments  on  social  media  or  networking  websites  about  our  company  or  our 
brands could generate adverse publicity that could damage our reputation or the reputation of our brands. If we are unable to 
effectively manage real or perceived issues, including concerns about product quality, safety, corporate social responsibility or 
other  matters,  sentiments  toward  the Company  or  our  products  could  be  negatively  impacted,  and  our  financial results  could 
suffer.

Our brands are important assets of our businesses, and violation of our trademark rights by imitators could negatively 
impact revenues and brand reputation. 

Our brands and trademarks enjoy a reputation for quality and value and are important to our success and competitive position. 
Unauthorized  use  of  our  trademarks  may  not  only  erode  sales  of  our  products  but  may  also  cause  significant  damage  to  our 
brand  name  and  reputation,  interfere  with  relationships  with  our  customers  and  increase  litigation  costs.  There  can  be  no 
assurance that our on-going effort to protect our brand and trademark rights will prevent all violations. 

Material  legal  judgments,  fines,  penalties  or  settlements  imposed  against  us  or  our  assets  could  adversely  affect  our 
business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We are currently, and may in the future become, involved in legal proceedings, claims and disputes incidental to the operation 
of our business in the ordinary course. Our business may be adversely affected by the outcome of these proceedings and other 
contingencies  (including,  without  limitation,  environmental,  product  and  warranty  liability,  claims  for  property  damage, 
physical harm or bodily injury, antitrust, intellectual property, data protection, privacy and labor and employment matters) that 
cannot be predicted with certainty. As required by GAAP, we establish reserves based on our assessment of the probability of 
contingencies  and  whether  we  are  able  to  reasonably  estimate  the  expected  range  of  loss.  Subsequent  developments  in  legal 
proceedings and other contingencies may affect our assessment and estimates of the loss contingency recorded as a reserve, and 
we may incur additional costs or be required to make material payments beyond our previously recorded reserves.

Allegations that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of third parties could negatively affect us. 

We may be subject to claims of infringement of intellectual property rights by third parties. In particular, we often compete in 
areas  having  extensive  intellectual  property  rights  owned  by  others,  and  we  have  become  subject  to  claims  alleging 
infringement  of  intellectual  property  rights  of  others.  In  general,  if  it  is  determined  that  one  or  more  of  our  technologies, 
products  or  services  infringes  the  intellectual property  rights  owned  by  others,  we  may  be  required  to  cease  marketing  those 
products or services, to obtain licenses from the holders of the intellectual property at a material cost or to take other actions to 
avoid infringing such intellectual property rights. The litigation process is costly and subject to inherent uncertainties, and we 
may not prevail in litigation matters regardless of the merits of our position. Adverse intellectual property litigation or claims of 
infringement  against  us  may  become  extremely  disruptive  if  the  plaintiffs  succeed  in  blocking  the  trade  of  our  products  and 
services and may have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our  reputation,  ability  to  do  business  and  results  of  operations  could  be  impaired  by  improper  conduct  by  any  of  our 
employees, agents or business partners.

We are subject to regulation under a variety of U.S. federal and state and non-U.S. laws, regulations and policies including laws 
related  to  anti-bribery  and  anti-corruption,  export  and  import  compliance,  competition  and  anti-money  laundering  due to  our 
global operations. We provide compliance training for our employees and have other controls and procedures in these areas. We 
cannot provide assurance that our internal controls will always protect us from the improper conduct of our employees, agents 
and  business  partners.  Any  improper  conduct  could  damage  our  reputation  and  subject  us  to,  among  other  things,  civil  and 

22

criminal  penalties,  material  fines,  equitable  remedies  (including  profit  disgorgement  and  injunctions  on  future  conduct), 
securities litigation, adverse publicity and a general loss of investor or public confidence.

Our operations are subject to regulatory risks.

Our U.S. and non-U.S. operations are subject to a number of laws and regulations, including fire and building codes and EHS 
standards. We have incurred, and will be required to continue to incur, significant expenditures to comply with these laws and 
regulations. Changes to, or changes in interpretations of, current laws and regulations, including climate change legislation or 
other  environmental  mandates,  could  require  us  to  increase  our  compliance  expenditures,  cause  us  to  significantly  alter  or 
discontinue offering existing products and services or cause us to develop new products and services. Altering current products 
and  services  or  developing  new  products  and  services  to  comply  with  changes  in  the  applicable  laws  and  regulations  could 
require  significant  research  and  development  investments,  increase  the  cost  of  providing  the  products  and  services  and 
adversely affect the demand for our products and services. In the event a regulatory authority concludes that we are not or have 
not  at  all  times  been  in  full  compliance  with  these  laws  or  regulations,  we  could  be  fined,  criminally  charged  or  otherwise 
sanctioned. 

Certain  environmental  laws  assess  liability  on  current  or  previous  owners  of  real  property  or  operators  of  manufacturing 
facilities  for  the  costs  of  investigation,  removal  or  remediation  of  hazardous  substances  or  materials  at  such  properties  or  at 
properties at which parties have disposed of hazardous substances. Liability for investigative, removal and remedial costs under 
certain U.S. federal and state laws and certain non-U.S. laws are retroactive, strict and joint and several. In addition to cleanup 
actions brought by governmental authorities, private parties could bring personal injury or other claims due to the presence of, 
or exposure to, hazardous substances. We have received notifications from U.S. and non-U.S. governmental agencies, including 
the EPA and similar state environmental agencies, that conditions at a number of current and formerly owned sites where we 
and  others  have  disposed  of  hazardous  substances  require  investigation,  cleanup  and  other  possible  remedial  action.  These 
agencies may require that we reimburse the government for its costs incurred at these sites or otherwise pay for the costs of 
investigation  and  cleanup  of  these  sites,  including  by  providing  compensation  for  natural  resource  damage  claims  from  such 
sites. For more information, see "Item 1. Business – Regulatory Matters." 

While we have planned for future capital and operating expenditures to maintain compliance with environmental laws and have 
accrued  for  costs  related  to  current  remedial  efforts,  our  costs  of  compliance,  or  our  liabilities  arising  from  past  or  future 
releases  of,  or  exposures  to,  hazardous  substances,  may  exceed  our  estimates.  We  may  also  be  subject  to  additional 
environmental claims for personal injury or cost recovery actions for remediation of facilities in the future based on our past, 
present or future business activities. 

As a global business, we have a relatively complex tax structure, and there is a risk that tax authorities will disagree with our 
tax positions.

Since we conduct operations worldwide through our subsidiaries, we are subject to complex transfer pricing regulations in the 
countries in which we operate. Transfer pricing regulations generally require that, for tax purposes, transactions between us and 
our  affiliates  be  priced  on  a  basis  that  would  be  comparable  to  an  arm's  length  transaction  and  that  contemporaneous 
documentation be maintained to support the tax allocation. Although uniform transfer pricing standards are emerging in many 
of the countries in which we operate, there is still a relatively high degree of uncertainty and inherent subjectivity in complying 
with these rules. To the extent that any tax authority disagrees with our transfer pricing policies, we could become subject to 
significant tax liabilities and penalties. Our tax returns are subject to review by taxing authorities in the jurisdictions in which 
we  operate.  Although  we  believe  we  have  provided  for  all  tax  exposures,  the  ultimate  outcome  of  a  tax  review  could  differ 
materially from our provisions.

We could be subject to changes in tax rates, the adoption of new tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities.

Our future effective tax rate and cash tax obligations could be adversely affected by shifts in our mix of earnings in countries 
with  varying  statutory  tax  rates,  changes  in  the  valuation  of  our  deferred  tax  assets  or  liabilities  or  changes  in  tax  laws, 
regulations,  interpretations  or  accounting  principles,  as  well  as  certain  discrete  items.  In  addition,  we  are  subject  to  regular 
review  and  audit  by  tax  authorities.  As  a  result,  we  have  received,  and  may  in  the  future  receive,  assessments  in  multiple 
jurisdictions on various tax-related assertions. Any adverse outcome of such a review or audit could have a negative effect on 
our operating results and financial condition. In addition, the determination of our worldwide provision for income taxes and 
other  tax  liabilities  requires  significant  judgment,  and  there  are  many  transactions  and  calculations  where  the  ultimate  tax 
determination  is  uncertain.  Although  we  believe  our  estimates  are  reasonable,  the  ultimate  tax  outcome  may  differ  from  the 
amounts  recorded  in  our  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  and  may  materially  affect  our  financial  results  in  the  period  or 
periods  for  which  such  determination  is  made.  Furthermore,  due  to  shifting  economic  and  political  conditions,  tax  policies, 
laws, interpretations and rates in various jurisdictions may be subject to significant change, which could materially affect our 
financial position and results of operations. For example, many countries in Europe, as well as a number of other countries and 
organizations, have recently proposed, recommended or implemented changes to existing tax laws or have enacted new laws 
that could significantly increase our effective tax rate or cash tax obligations in countries where we do business or require us to 
change the manner in which we operate our business.

23

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) has led international efforts in recent years to devise 
a permanent two-pillar solution to address the tax challenges arising from the digitization of the economy. Pillar One focuses on 
nexus  and  profit  allocation.  Pillar  Two  provides  for  a  global  minimum  effective  corporate  tax  rate  of  15%,  applied  on  a 
jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. We currently expect to be outside the scope of the Pillar One proposals. In December 2021, 
the OECD published detailed rules that define the scope of the Pillar Two proposal and, based on our current understanding of 
the minimum revenue thresholds contained in these rules, we expect to be within their scope and implementation. A number of 
countries are currently proposing to implement core elements of the Pillar Two proposal by the start of 2024, and on December 
15,  2022,  the  European  Union  adopted  a  Council  Directive  which  requires  certain  Pillar  Two  rules  to  be  transposed  into 
member states’ national laws starting in 2024. As a consequence, our global effective tax rate could be materially impacted by 
such  legislation,  or  any  resulting  local  country  legislation  enacted  in  response  to  any  potential  global  minimum  tax  rates. 
Additionally, the European Commission has been investigating whether various tax regimes or private tax rulings provided by a 
country to particular taxpayers may constitute State Aid. 

We cannot currently predict the outcome of any of these potential changes or investigations in any jurisdiction, but if any of the 
above occurs and impacts us, this could increase our tax burden and/or effective tax rate. We continue to examine the impact 
the above items may have on our business, including their impact on the amount of tax we must pay.

Risks Related to Our Incorporation in Ireland

Irish law differs from the laws in effect in the United States and may afford less protection to holders of our securities.

The U.S. currently does not have a treaty with Ireland providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in 
civil and commercial matters. As such, there is some uncertainty as to whether the courts of Ireland would recognize or enforce 
judgments  of  U.S.  courts  obtained  against  us  or  our  directors  or  officers  based  on  U.S.  federal  or  state  civil  liability  laws, 
including  the  civil  liability  provisions  of  the  U.S.  federal  or  state  securities  laws,  or  hear  actions  against us  or  those  persons 
based on those laws.

As  an  Irish  company,  we  are  governed  by  the  Companies  Act  2014  of  Ireland,  as  amended,  which  differs  in  some  material 
respects from laws generally applicable to U.S. corporations and shareholders, including, among others, differences relating to 
interested director and officer transactions and shareholder lawsuits. Likewise, the duties of directors and officers of an Irish 
company generally are owed to the company only. Shareholders of Irish companies generally do not have a personal right of 
action  against directors  or officers  of the company  and may exercise such rights  of  action  on behalf of the company only in 
limited  circumstances.  Accordingly,  holders  of  our  securities  may  have  more  difficulty  protecting  their  interests  than  would 
holders of securities of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction of the U.S.

In addition, Irish law allows shareholders to authorize share capital which then can be issued by a board of directors without 
shareholder approval. Also, subject to specified exceptions, Irish law grants statutory preemptive rights to existing shareholders 
to subscribe for new issuances of shares for cash. At our annual general meeting of shareholders, our shareholders authorized 
our Board of Directors to issue up to 33% of our issued ordinary shares and further authorized our Board of Directors to issue 
up  to  5%  of  such  shares  for  cash  without  first  offering  them  to  our  existing  shareholders.  Both  of  these  authorizations  will 
expire  after  a  certain  period  unless  renewed  by  our  shareholders,  and  we  cannot  guarantee  that  the  renewal  of  these 
authorizations  will  always  be  approved.  If  the  Directors'  authority  to  issue  ordinary  shares  is  not  renewed,  then  we  may  be 
limited in our ability to use our shares, for example, as consideration for acquisitions.

Changes  in  tax  laws,  regulations  or  treaties,  changes  in  our  status  under  the  tax  laws  of  many  jurisdictions  or  adverse 
determinations by taxing authorities could increase our tax burden or otherwise affect our financial condition or operating 
results, as well as subject our shareholders to additional taxes. 

The realization of any tax benefit related to our incorporation and tax residence in Ireland could be impacted by changes in tax 
laws,  tax  treaties  or  tax  regulations  or  the  interpretation  or  enforcement  thereof  by  the  tax  authorities  of  many  jurisdictions. 
From time to time, proposals have been made and/or legislation introduced to change the tax laws of various jurisdictions or 
limit tax treaty benefits that if enacted could materially increase our tax burden and/or our effective tax rate. Moreover, other 
legislative  proposals  could  have  a  material  adverse  impact  on  us  by  overriding  certain  tax  treaties  and  limiting  the  treaty 
benefits on certain payments, which could increase our tax liability. We cannot predict the outcome of any specific legislation 
in any jurisdiction.

While  we  monitor  proposals  that  would  materially  impact  our  tax  burden  and/or  our  effective  tax  rate  and  investigate  our 
options, we could still be subject to increased taxation on a going forward basis no matter what action we undertake if certain 
proposals  are  enacted,  certain  tax  treaties  are  amended  and/or  our  interpretation  of  applicable  tax  law  is  challenged  and 
determined to be incorrect. In particular, any changes and/or differing interpretations of applicable tax law that have the effect 
of  disregarding  our  incorporation  in  Ireland,  limiting  our  ability  to  take  advantage  of  tax  treaties  between  jurisdictions, 
modifying or eliminating the deductibility of various currently deductible payments or increasing the tax burden of operating or 
being resident in a particular country, could subject us to increased taxation.

24

Dividends received by our shareholders may be subject to Irish dividend withholding tax.

In  certain  circumstances,  we  are  required  to  deduct  Irish  dividend  withholding  tax  of  25%  from  dividends  paid  to  our 
shareholders.  In  the  majority  of  cases,  shareholders  residing  in  the  U.S.  will  not  be  subject  to  Irish  withholding  tax,  and 
shareholders resident in a number of other countries will not be subject to Irish withholding tax provided that they complete 
certain  Irish  dividend  withholding  tax  forms.  However,  some  shareholders  may  be  subject  to  withholding  tax,  which  could 
discourage the investment in our stock and adversely impact the price of our shares. 

Dividends received by our shareholders may be subject to Irish income tax.

Dividends  paid  in  respect  of  our  shares  generally  are  not  subject  to  Irish  income  tax  where  the  beneficial  owner  of  these 
dividends is exempt from Irish dividend withholding tax, unless the beneficial owner of the dividend has some connection with 
Ireland other than his or her shareholding in Allegion.

Our shareholders who receive their dividends subject to Irish dividend withholding tax will generally have no further liability to 
Irish income tax on the dividends unless the beneficial owner of the dividend has some connection with Ireland other than his or 
her shareholding in Allegion. 

Certain  provisions  in  our  Memorandum  and  Articles  of  Association,  among  other  things,  could  prevent  or  delay  an 
acquisition of us, which could decrease the trading price of our ordinary shares.

Our  Memorandum  and  Articles  of  Association  contains  provisions  to  deter  takeover  practices,  inadequate  takeover  bids  and 
unsolicited offers. These provisions include, amongst others:

•

•
•

•

A provision of our Articles of Association which generally prohibits us from engaging in a business combination with
an interested shareholder (being (i) the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of our voting shares or
(ii) an affiliate or associate of us that has at any time within the last five years been the beneficial owner, directly or
indirectly, of 10% or more of our voting shares), subject to certain exceptions;
Rules regarding how shareholders may present proposals or nominate directors for election at shareholder meetings;
The right of our Board of Directors to issue preferred shares without shareholder approval in certain circumstances,
subject to applicable law; and
The ability of our Board of Directors to set the number of directors and to fill vacancies on our Board of Directors.

We  believe  these  provisions  will  provide  some  protection  to  our  shareholders  from  coercive  or  otherwise  unfair  takeover 
tactics. These provisions are not intended to make us immune from takeovers. However, these provisions will apply even if the 
offer may be considered beneficial by some shareholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our Board of Directors 
determines is in our best interests and our shareholders' best interests. These provisions may also prevent or discourage attempts 
to remove and replace incumbent directors.

In addition, several mandatory provisions of Irish law could prevent or delay an acquisition of us. For example, Irish law does 
not permit shareholders of an Irish public limited company to take action by written consent with less than unanimous consent. 
We also will be subject to various provisions of Irish law relating to mandatory bids, voluntary bids, requirements to make a 
cash  offer  and  minimum  price  requirements,  as  well  as  substantial  acquisition  rules  and  rules  requiring  the  disclosure  of 
interests  in  our  shares  in  certain  circumstances.  Also,  Irish  companies,  including  us,  may  alter  their  Memorandum  of 
Association and Articles of Association only with the approval of at least 75% of the votes of the company’s shareholders cast 
in person or by proxy at a general meeting of the company.

Item 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

Item 2.    PROPERTIES

We operate through a broad network of sales offices, engineering centers, 29 principal production and assembly facilities and 
several  distribution  centers  throughout  the  world.  Our  active  properties  represent  about  6.7  million  square  feet,  of  which 
approximately 41% is leased.

We own 16 of our production and assembly facilities, with the remainder under long-term lease arrangements. We believe that 
our plants have been well maintained, are generally in good condition and are suitable for the conduct of our business.

Item 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the normal course of business, we are involved in a variety of lawsuits, claims and legal proceedings, including commercial 
and contract disputes, employment matters, product liability claims, environmental liabilities, intellectual property disputes and 
tax-related matters. In our opinion, pending legal matters are not expected to have a material adverse impact on our results of 
operations, financial condition, liquidity or cash flows.

This item should be read in conjunction with the Risk Factors set forth in Part I. Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

25

Item 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following is a list of executive officers of the Company as of February 22, 2023. 

John H. Stone, age 52, has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since July 2022. Prior to joining Allegion, Mr. 
Stone  served  as  President,  Worldwide  Construction,  Forestry  and  Power  Systems  at  Deere  &  Company,  an  agricultural 
machinery  and  heavy  equipment  company  ("Deere"),  from  2020  to  2022,  and  prior  to  that,  served  as  Senior  Vice  President, 
Intelligent Solutions Group at Deere from 2016 to 2020.

Michael J. Wagnes, age 49, has served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since March 2022. Mr. Wagnes 
served  as  our  Vice  President  and  General  Manager,  Commercial  Americas  from  2020  to  2022  and  as  our  Vice  President  – 
Investor Relations and Treasury from 2016 to 2020.  

Jeffrey N. Braun, age 63, has served as our Senior Vice President and General Counsel since 2014. Mr. Braun also served as 
Secretary from July 2022 to February 2023 and from 2018 to 2020. 

Timothy  P.  Eckersley,  age  61,  has  served  as  our  Senior  Vice  President  –  Allegion  International  since  2021.  Mr.  Eckersley 
served as our Senior Vice President – Americas from 2013 to 2020.

Cynthia D. Farrer, age 60, has served as our Senior Vice President – Global Operations and Integrated Supply Chain since June 
2021. Ms. Farrer served as our Vice President – Global Operations and Integrated Supply Chain from 2020 to 2021 and as Vice 
President, Global Supply Management from 2017 to 2020.

David S. Ilardi, age 44, has served as our Senior Vice President – Allegion Americas since March 2022. Mr. Ilardi served as 
our  General  Manager,  Allegion  Home  from  2019  to  2022  and  Regional  Vice  President  Sales,  Central  Region  from  2017  to 
2019.

Tracy L. Kemp, age 54, has served as our Senior Vice President – Chief Information and Digital Officer since December 2020. 
Ms.  Kemp  served  as  our  Senior  Vice  President  –  Chief  Customer  and  Digital  Officer  from  2019  to  2020  and  Senior  Vice 
President and Chief Information Officer from 2015 to 2019. 

Robert  C.  Martens,  age  52,  has  served  as  our  Senior  Vice  President  –  Chief  Innovation  and  Design  Officer  since  December 
2019 and Futurist and President of Allegion Ventures since 2017. 

Nickolas A. Musial, age 42, has served as our Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer since March 2022. Mr. 
Musial served as our Vice President of Finance, Allegion Americas from 2017 to 2022.

Jennifer L. Preczewski, age 41, has served as our Senior Vice President – Chief Human Resources Officer since February 2023. 
Ms. Preczewski served as our Vice President – Chief Human Resources Officer from July 2022 to February 2023, as our Vice 
President, HR – Total Rewards and Global Talent from 2020 to 2022, Vice President, Global Talent from 2018 to 2020, and 
Vice President, Human Resources – Americas from 2016 to 2018.

Vincent M. Wenos, age 56, has served as our Senior Vice President – Chief Technology Officer since June 2019. Mr. Wenos 
served as our Vice President – Global Technology and Engineering from 2018 to 2019 and as both Vice President – Americas 
Engineering and Vice President – Global Mechanical Products from 2016 to 2018.  

All above-listed executive officers except for Mr. Stone have been employed by the Company for more than the past five years. 
No  family  relationship  exists  between  any  of  the  above-listed  executive  officers  or  directors  of  the  Company.  All  executive 
officers  are  elected  to  hold  office  for  one  year  or  until  their  successors  are  elected  and  qualified  or  their  earlier  death, 
resignation or removal from office by our Board of Directors.

26

PART II

Item 5.    MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND

 ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our  ordinary  shares  are  traded  on  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange  under  the  symbol  ALLE.  As  of  February  16,  2023,  the 
number of record holders of ordinary shares was 2,054. 

Dividend Policy

Our Board of Directors declared dividends of $0.41 per ordinary share on February 4, 2022, April 7, 2022, September 1, 2022 
and December 1, 2022. On February 9, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.45 per ordinary share payable on 
March  31,  2023,  to  shareholders  of  record  on  March  15,  2023.  We  paid  a  total  of  $143.9  million  in  cash  for  dividends  to 
ordinary shareholders during the year ended December 31, 2022. Future dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be at the 
discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements and 
surplus,  financial  condition,  contractual  restrictions  (including  under  the  agreements  governing  our  indebtedness)  and  other 
factors  that  the  Board  of  Directors  may  deem  relevant,  as  well  as  our  ability  to  pay  dividends  in  compliance  with  the  Irish 
Companies  Act.  Under  the  Irish  Companies  Act,  dividends  and  distributions  may  only  be  made  from  distributable  reserves. 
Distributable reserves, broadly, means the accumulated realized profits of Allegion plc ("ALLE-Ireland") which are unrelated to 
any GAAP reported amounts (e.g., retained earnings). As of December 31, 2022, we had distributable reserves of $3.8 billion. 
In addition, no distribution or dividend may be made unless the net assets of ALLE-Ireland are equal to, or in excess of, the 
aggregate  of  ALLE-Ireland’s  called  up  share  capital  plus  undistributable  reserves,  and  the  distribution  or  dividend  does  not 
reduce ALLE-Ireland’s net assets below such aggregate.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period

October 1 - October 31

November 1 - November 30

December 1 - December 31

Total

Total number of 
shares purchased 
(000s)

Average price 
paid per share

Total number of shares 
purchased as part of the 
2020 Share Repurchase 
Authorization (000s)

Approximate dollar value 
of shares still available to 
be purchased under the 
2020 Share Repurchase 
Authorization (000s)

—  $ 

— 

— 

—  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

—  $ 

— 

— 

—  $ 

140,454 

140,454 

140,454 

140,454 

In February 2020, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization of up to, and including, $800 million of the 
Company’s ordinary shares (the "2020 Share Repurchase Authorization"). The 2020 Share Repurchase Authorization does not 
have a prescribed expiration date. Based on market conditions, share repurchases may be made from time to time in the open 
market at the discretion of management. 

27

Performance Graph

The annual changes for the five-year period shown below are based on the assumption that $100 had been invested in Allegion 
plc ordinary shares, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index ("S&P 500") and the Standard & Poor's 400 Capital Goods Index 
("S&P 400 Capital Goods") on December 31, 2017, and that all quarterly dividends were reinvested. The total cumulative dollar 
returns shown on the graph represent the value that such investments would have had on December 31, 2022.

e
u
l
a
V
x
e
d
n
I

200

150

100

50

December 
31, 2017

December 
31, 2018

December 
31, 2019

December 
31, 2020

December 
31, 2021

December 
31, 2022

Period Ending

Allegion plc

S&P 500

S&P 400 Capital Goods

December 31, 
2017

December 31, 
2018

December 31, 
2019

December 31, 
2020

December 31, 
2021

December 31, 
2022

Allegion plc

S&P 500

S&P 400 Capital Goods

100.00

100.00

100.00

101.18

95.62

85.99

159.74

125.72

114.15

151.14

148.85

136.80

173.89

191.58

174.64

140.42

156.88

157.15

Item 6.    [RESERVED]

28

 
Item  7.    MANAGEMENT’S  DISCUSSION  AND  ANALYSIS  OF  FINANCIAL  CONDITION  AND  RESULTS  OF 

OPERATIONS

The  following  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  contains  forward-
looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in 
the  forward-looking  statements.  Factors  that  might  cause  a  difference  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  those  discussed  under 
Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following section is qualified in its entirety by the more 
detailed  information,  including  our  consolidated  financial  statements  and  the  notes  thereto,  which  appears  elsewhere  in  this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

Organization

We are a leading global provider of security products and solutions operating in two segments: Allegion Americas and Allegion 
International. We sell a wide range of security products and solutions for end-users in commercial, institutional and residential 
facilities  worldwide,  including  the  education,  healthcare,  government,  hospitality,  retail,  commercial  office  and  single  and 
multi-family residential markets. Our leading brands include CISA, Interflex, LCN, Schlage, SimonsVoss and Von Duprin.  

Recent Developments

Industry Trends and Outlook

Throughout  2022  we  experienced  strong  demand  for  our  non-residential  products  and  services  in  our  Allegion  Americas 
segment. Our ability to meet this elevated level of customer demand improved substantially as the year progressed, due in part 
to our actions taken to address industry-wide supply-chain challenges (particularly shortages of electronic components), as well 
as improving availability of non-electronic parts and materials. Further, in response to the persistent, elevated levels of inflation 
seen throughout the year, we implemented a series of pricing initiatives across our global businesses. Not only did these pricing 
initiatives significantly contribute to revenue growth in 2022, they also helped mitigate the inflationary pressures on our cost 
base. We expect this pricing momentum to continue to drive revenue growth and help offset the impact of inflation into 2023. 

While 2022 began with similar strong demand for our residential products in our Allegion Americas segment, macroeconomic 
conditions  had  a  more  challenging  impact  on  demand  as  the  year  progressed.  A  combination  of  elevated  inflation  and  lower 
consumer  sentiment  impacted  sales  volumes  of  residential  products  within  our  Allegion  Americas  segment.  We  also 
experienced  a  softening  of  demand  throughout  many  of  the  Eurozone  economies  during  the  second  half  of  2022,  reflecting 
increased  economic  and  geopolitical  concerns  in  this  region,  which  impacted  several  of  our  businesses  in  our  Allegion 
International segment.

While  supply  chain  challenges  around  the  availability  of  electronic  parts  and  components  persist,  and  will  likely  continue  to 
impact our ability to meet the elevated levels of demand for our electronic security products into 2023, we remain focused on 
providing exceptional service and innovation to our customers. Over the course of 2022, we began to realize the benefits from 
our  measures  taken  to  mitigate  operational  and  logistical  inefficiencies  caused  by  the  supply  chain  challenges,  such  as  re-
engineering product designs and configurations to accept alternate electronic components and developing alternate sources of 
supply. We continue to invest in business initiatives to drive future growth and add value through seamless access and explore 
various options to enhance financial performance while minimizing disruption to customers and our overall business.

The  macroeconomic  and  geopolitical  trends  and  uncertainties  noted  above  will  likely  continue  to  affect  us  in  numerous  and 
evolving ways, the full impact of which on our business, financial condition and results of operations will continue to depend 
on future developments that are beyond our control and we may not be able to accurately predict. These trends and uncertainties 
and their potential impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, as well as other risks, trends 
and uncertainties that could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations are described further under "Part I, 
Item 1A. Risk Factors". 

2022 and 2021 Significant Events 

Acquisition of the Access Technologies business

On  July  5,  2022,  we  completed  the  acquisition  of  the  Access  Technologies  business  for  a  closing  purchase  price  of 
$923.1 million. This acquisition was financed by the net proceeds from the issuance of our 5.411% Senior Notes, together with 
borrowings  under  the  2021  Revolving  Facility.  The  Access  Technologies  business  has  been  integrated  into  our  Allegion 
Americas segment 

The Access Technologies business is a leading manufacturer, installer and service provider of automatic entrance solutions in 
North America, primarily in the U.S. and Canada. Its diversified customer base centers on non-residential settings, including 
retail,  healthcare,  education,  commercial  offices,  hospitality  and  government.  This  acquisition  helps  us  create  a  more 
comprehensive  portfolio  of  access  solutions,  with  the  addition  of  automated  entrance  solutions.  Additionally,  the  Access 

29

Technologies  business  adds  an  expansive  service  and  support  network  throughout  the  U.S.  and  Canada,  broadening  our 
solutions to national, regional and local customers, and complementing our existing strengths in these non-residential markets. 
Since the acquisition date and through December 31, 2022, the Access Technologies business generated $185.9 million in Net 
revenues.

Divestiture of Milre 

In September 2022, we sold Milre Systek Co. Ltd. ("Milre") in South Korea for an immaterial amount. As a result of the sale, 
we recorded a net loss on divestiture of $7.6 million.

Financing activities

On June 22, 2022, Allegion US Holding Company Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company ("Allegion US Hold Co"), 
issued  $600.0  million  aggregate  principal  amount  of  its  5.411%  Senior  Notes  due  2032  (the  “5.411%  Senior  Notes”).  The 
5.411%  Senior  Notes  require  semi-annual  interest  payments  on  January  1  and  July  1,  beginning  January  1,  2023,  and  will 
mature  on  July  1,  2032.  We  incurred  and  deferred  $5.9  million  of  discounts  and  financing  costs  associated  with  the  5.411% 
Senior  Notes,  which  will  be  amortized  to  Interest  expense  over  their  10-year  term,  as  well  as  $4.3  million  of  third  party 
financing  costs  that  were  recorded  within  Interest  expense  on  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Comprehensive  Income  for  the 
year ended December 31, 2022.

On  November  18,  2021,  we  entered  into  a  new  $750.0  million  unsecured  credit  agreement,  consisting  of  the  $250.0  million 
2021  Term  Facility  and  the  $500.0  million  2021  Revolving  Facility.  The  proceeds  of  $250.0  million  from  the  2021  Term 
Facility were primarily used to repay in full our previously outstanding unsecured Term Facility. 

2022 Dividends and Share Repurchases

We  paid  quarterly  dividends  of  $0.41  per  ordinary  share  to  shareholders  on  record  as  of  March  16,  2022,  June  16,  2022, 
September 16, 2022, and December 16, 2022, for a total of $143.9 million and repurchased approximately 0.5 million ordinary 
shares for approximately $61.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

30

Results of Operations - For the years ended December 31

Dollar amounts in millions, except per share amounts
Net revenues
Cost of goods sold
Selling and administrative expenses
Operating income
Interest expense
Loss on divestitures
Other income, net
Earnings before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net earnings
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net earnings attributable to Allegion plc

Diluted net earnings per ordinary share attributable to Allegion 
plc ordinary shareholders:

2022

% of Net
revenues

2021

% of Net
revenues

 58.0 %

 23.5 %

 18.5 %

$ 

$ 

$ 

3,271.9 
1,949.5 
736.0 
586.4 
75.9 
7.6 
(11.6) 
514.5 
56.2 
458.3 
0.3 
458.0 

5.19 

$ 

 59.6 %

 22.5 %

 17.9 %

$ 

$ 

2,867.4 
1,662.5 
674.7 
530.2 
50.2 
— 
(44.0) 
524.0 
40.7 
483.3 
0.3 
483.0 

5.34 

The discussions that follow describe the significant factors contributing to the changes in our results of operations for the years 
presented and form the basis used by management to evaluate the financial performance of the business. For a discussion of our 
results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, see “Part II, Item 
7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2021 Annual Report on
Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 15, 2022.

Net Revenues

Net revenues for the year  ended December 31,  2022, increased  by  14.1%, or $404.5 million,  as  compared to the year ended 
December 31, 2021, due to the following:

Pricing
Volume
Acquisitions / divestitures
Currency exchange rates
Total

 9.8 %
 0.9 %
 6.4 %
 (3.0) %
 14.1 %

The  increase  in  Net  revenues  was  driven  by  improved  pricing  across  our  major  businesses,  our  acquisition  of  the  Access 
Technologies  business  and  higher  volumes  in  our  Allegion  Americas  segment.  These  increases  were  partially  offset  by 
unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements, lower volumes in our Allegion International segment and a divestiture 
in  each  of  the  prior  and  current  year.  Increased  pricing  was  the  result  of  multiple  pricing  initiatives  implemented  to  help 
mitigate the impact of the persistent, elevated levels of inflation. We will continue to monitor the inflationary pressures to our 
businesses and address them through pricing initiatives where appropriate.

Pricing includes increases or decreases of price, including discounts, surcharges and/or other sales deductions, on our existing 
products and services. Volume includes increases or decreases of revenue due to changes in unit volume of existing products 
and services, as well as new products and services.

Cost of Goods Sold

For the year ended December 31, 2022, Cost of goods sold as a percentage of Net revenues increased to 59.6% from 58.0%, as 
compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, due to the following: 

Inflation in excess of pricing and productivity
Volume / product mix
Acquisitions / divestitures
Investment spending
Currency exchange rates
Restructuring / acquisition expenses
Total

31

 0.7 %
 (0.9) %
 0.7 %
 0.2 %
 0.3 %
 0.6 %
 1.6 %

Cost of goods sold as a percentage of Net revenues increased primarily due to the impact inflation had on Cost of goods sold, 
which exceeded the beneficial impacts from pricing and productivity, lower gross margins associated with our acquired Access 
Technologies business, increased investment spending, higher restructuring and acquisition and integration costs year-over-year 
and  unfavorable foreign  currency  exchange rate movements.  These increases  to  Cost of  goods  sold  as  a percentage of  Net 
revenues were partially offset by favorable product mix, due to increased volumes in the Allegion Americas segment.  

Inflation  in  excess  of  pricing  and  productivity  includes  the impact to  Costs  of  goods  sold  from pricing,  as  defined  above,  in 
addition  to  productivity  and  inflation.  Productivity  represents  improvements  in  unit costs  of  materials  and  cost reductions 
related  to  improvements  to  our  manufacturing  design  and  processes.  Inflation  includes  unit costs  for  the current period 
compared to the average actual cost for the prior period, multiplied by current year volumes. Volume/product mix represents 
the impact due to  increases  or  decreases  of  revenue due to  changes  in  unit volume,  including  new  products  and  services, 
including the effect of changes in the mix of products and services sold on Cost of goods sold.

Selling and Administrative Expenses

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  Selling  and  administrative  expenses  as  a  percentage  of  Net  revenues  decreased  to 
22.5% from 23.5%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, due to the following:

Productivity in excess of inflation

Volume leverage

Acquisitions / divestitures
Investment spending
Restructuring / acquisition expenses
Total

 (1.5) %

 (0.2) %

 (0.3) %
 0.3 %
 0.7 %

 (1.0) %

Selling  and  administrative  expenses  as  a  percentage  of  Net  revenues  decreased  primarily  due  to  productivity  improvements 
exceeding the impact of inflation, as well as favorable volume leverage and the beneficial impact from current and prior year 
acquisition  and  divestiture  activity.  These  decreases  were  partially  offset  by  a  year-over-year  increase  in  acquisition  and 
integration  expenses,  which  were  primarily  related  to  our  acquisition  of  the  Access  Technologies  business,  and  increased 
investment spending.

Productivity  in  excess  of  inflation  includes  the  impact  from  reductions  in  selling  and  administrative  expenses  due  to 
productivity projects and current period costs of ongoing selling and administrative functions compared to the same ongoing 
expenses in the prior period. Volume leverage represents the contribution margin related to changes in sales volume, excluding 
the  impact  of  price,  productivity,  mix  and  inflation.  Expenses  related  to  increased  head  count  for  strategic  initiatives,  new 
facilities or significant spending for strategic initiatives or new product and channel development, are captured in Investment 
spending in the table above.

Operating Income/Margin

Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased $56.2 million as compared to the year ended December 31, 
2021, and Operating margin decreased to 17.9% from 18.5%, due to the following: 

In millions

December 31, 2021

Pricing and productivity in excess of inflation

Volume / product mix

Currency exchange rates

Investment spending

Acquisitions/ divestitures

Restructuring / acquisition expenses

December 31, 2022

Operating Income

Operating Margin

$ 

$ 

530.2 

79.7 

36.5 

(21.9) 

(16.0) 

18.6 

(40.7) 

586.4 

 18.5 %

 0.9 %

 1.1 %

 (0.2) %

 (0.6) %

 (0.4) %

 (1.4) %

 17.9 %

The  increase  in  Operating  income  was  driven  by  pricing  improvements  in  excess  of  inflation  and  productivity,  favorable 
volume/product  mix  and  the  contribution  to  Operating  income  from  our  acquired  Access  Technologies  business.  These 
increases were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements, increased investment spending and a 
year-over-year  increase  in  restructuring  and  acquisition  and  integration  expenses,  which  were  primarily  related  to  our 
acquisition of the Access Technologies business. 

The decrease in Operating margin was primarily due to the year-over-year increase in restructuring and acquisition expenses, 
unfavorable  foreign  currency  exchange  rate  movements,  increased  investment  spending  and  the  dilutive  impact  to  Operating 

32

margin  from  our  Access  Technologies  business.  These  decreases  were  partially  offset  by  pricing  improvements  in  excess  of 
inflation and productivity, favorable volume/product mix and the positive impact to operating margin from recent divestitures.

Interest Expense
Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased $25.7 million as compared to the year ended December 31, 
2021, primarily due to interest on our 5.411% Senior Notes and the 2021 Revolving Facility, as well as $4.3 million of third-
party costs related to the financing of the Access Technologies business acquisition. The rise in interest rates over the course of 
2022 also contributed to a higher weighted-average interest rate on our variable rate outstanding indebtedness.

Loss on Divestiture

As discussed above, in September 2022 we sold Milre for an immaterial amount, resulting in a net loss of $7.6 million.

Other Income, net

The components of Other income, net, for the years ended December 31 were as follows:

In millions
Interest income
Foreign currency exchange loss
Earnings and gains from the sale of equity method investments, net
Net periodic pension and postretirement benefit income, less service cost
Other
Other income, net

2022

2021

(1.3)  $ 
2.4 
(0.8) 
(9.4) 
(2.5) 
(11.6)  $ 

(0.4) 
2.7 
(6.4) 
(7.1) 
(32.8) 
(44.0) 

$ 

$ 

For the year ended December 31, 2022, Other income, net decreased $32.4 million compared to 2021, primarily due to a non-
operating investment gain of $20.7 in 2021 that did not recur in 2022. This gain is included within Other in the table above. 
Also contributing to the decrease in Other income, net, are a prior year gain of $6.4 million from the sale of an equity method 
investment that did not recur in 2022 and a decrease in other realized and unrealized investment gains year-over-year. 

Provision for Income Taxes

For the year ended December 31, 2022, our effective tax rate was 10.9%, compared to 7.8% for the year ended December 31, 
2021. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to the favorable resolutions of uncertain tax positions, changes in 
jurisdictional tax rates and other discrete tax benefits in 2021 that have not recurred in 2022 and the mix of income earned in 
higher tax rate jurisdictions. 

Review of Business Segments

We  operate  in  and  report  financial  results  for  two  segments:  Allegion  Americas  and  Allegion  International.  These  segments 
represent  the  level  at  which  our  chief  operating  decision  maker  reviews  our  financial  performance  and  makes  operating 
decisions. 

Segment  operating  income  is  the  measure  of  profit  and  loss  that  our  chief  operating  decision  maker  uses  to  evaluate  the 
financial performance of the business and as the basis for resource allocation, performance reviews and compensation. For these 
reasons,  we  believe  Segment  operating  income  represents  the  most  relevant  measure  of  Segment  profit  and  loss.  Our  chief 
operating decision maker may exclude certain charges or gains, such as corporate charges and other special charges, to arrive at 
a Segment operating income that is a more meaningful measure of profit and loss upon which to base our operating decisions. 
We define Segment operating margin as Segment operating income as a percentage of the segment's Net revenues.

33

Segment Results of Operations - For the years ended December 31

In millions
Net revenues

Allegion Americas
Allegion International

Total

Segment operating income
Allegion Americas
Allegion International

Total

Segment operating margin
Allegion Americas
Allegion International

2022

2021

% Change

 23.1 %
 (9.4) %

 16.8 %
 (17.1) %

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,551.6 
720.3 
3,271.9 

613.3 
68.3 
681.6 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,072.2 
795.2 
2,867.4 

525.0 
82.4 
607.4 

 24.0 %
 9.5 %

 25.3 %
 10.4 %

Allegion Americas
Our Allegion Americas segment is a leading provider of security products, services and solutions throughout North America. 
The segment sells a broad range of products and solutions including, locks, locksets, portable locks, key systems, door controls 
and  systems,  exit  devices,  doors,  accessories,  electronic  security  products,  access  control  systems  and  software  and  service 
solutions to customers in commercial, institutional  and residential facilities,  including  the  education,  healthcare, government, 
hospitality, retail, commercial office and single and multi-family residential markets. This segment’s primary brands are LCN, 
Schlage, Von Duprin and Stanley Access Technologies, which we utilize with permission in accordance with the terms of the 
Access Technologies acquisition agreement ("Stanley" is the property of Stanley Logistics L.L.C).

Net revenues
Net revenues for the year  ended December 31,  2022, increased  by  23.1%, or $479.4 million,  as  compared to the year ended 
December 31, 2021, due to the following:

Pricing
Volume
Acquisitions
Currency exchange rates
Total

 11.4 %
 3.0 %
 9.0 %
 (0.3) %
 23.1 %

The increase in Net revenues was driven by significantly improved pricing, higher volumes for our non-residential products and 
our Access Technologies business acquisition. These increases were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange 
rate movements and lower volumes for our residential products. Increased pricing was the result of multiple pricing initiatives 
implemented to help mitigate the impact of persistent, elevated levels of inflation. We will continue to monitor the inflationary 
pressures to our businesses and address them through pricing initiatives where appropriate.

Net  revenues  from  non-residential  products  (excluding  Net  revenues  from  our  acquired  Access  Technologies  business), 
increased by a low twenties percent compared to the prior year, driven by improved pricing and higher volumes. Strong demand 
throughout  2022  and  improvements  around  the  availability  of  materials  and  components,  driven  in  part  by  our  actions  to 
mitigate these supply-chain challenges, helped drive the increase in volumes compared to 2021. 

Net revenues from residential products decreased by a low single digits percent compared to the prior year. Increased pricing 
was offset by lower volumes during the year. During the second half of 2022, we experienced a softening in market demand for 
our  residential  products,  due  in  part  to  elevated  inflation  and  lower  consumer  sentiment,  which  resulted  in  reduced  sales 
volumes. Further, market conditions for new residential construction deteriorated over the latter half of 2022, due in part to a 
rapid  and  substantial  increase  in  mortgage  rates.  Given  these  factors,  we  anticipate  softness  in  demand  for  our  residential 
products to continue into 2023. 

Growth  in  electronic  security  products  and  solutions  is  a  metric  monitored  by  management  and  a  focus  of  our  investors. 
Electronic  products  encompass  both  residential  and  non-residential  products,  and  include  all  electrified  product  categories 
including, but not limited to, electronic and electrified locks, access control systems and electronic and electrified door controls 
and systems and exit devices. Net revenues from the sale of electronic products increased by a high teens percent compared to 
2021,  driven  by  improved  pricing  and  higher  volumes.  While  we  continue  to  experience  delays  and  shortages  of  electronic 
components from key suppliers, we expect continued growth from the sale of electronic products in 2023 given the combination 
of our pricing initiatives and our actions taken to mitigate these delays and shortages. 

34

Operating income/margin
Segment  operating  income  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  increased  $88.3  million,  and  Segment  operating  margin 
decreased to 24.0% from 25.3% as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, due to the following: 

In millions
December 31, 2021
Pricing and productivity in excess of inflation
Volume / product mix
Currency exchange rates
Investment spending

Acquisitions
Acquisition expenses
December 31, 2022

Operating Income

Operating Margin

$ 

$ 

525.0 
57.1 
52.2 
(4.4) 
(10.4) 

16.4 
(22.6) 
613.3 

 25.3 %
 — %
 1.7 %
 (0.1) %
 (0.5) %

 (1.3) %
 (1.1) %
 24.0 %

The  increase  in  Segment  operating  income  was  primarily  driven  by  pricing  improvements  in  excess  of  inflation  and 
productivity,  favorable  volume/product  mix  and  the  contribution  to  Segment  operating  income  from  our  acquired  Access 
Technologies  business.  These  increases  were  partially  offset  by  unfavorable  foreign  currency  exchange  rate  movements, 
increased  investment  spending  and  a  year-over-year  increase  in  acquisition  and  integration  expenses,  which  were  primarily 
related to our acquisition of the Access Technologies business.
The  decrease  in  Segment  operating  margin  was  primarily  due  to  the  year-over-year  increase  in  acquisition  and  integration 
expenses, the impact to Segment operating margin from our Access Technologies business, increased investment spending and 
unfavorable  foreign  currency  exchange  rate  movements.  These  decreases  were  partially  offset  by  favorable  volume/product 
mix.

Allegion International
Our Allegion International segment provides security products, services and solutions primarily throughout Europe, Asia and 
Oceania.  The  segment  offers  end-users  a  broad  range  of  products,  services  and  solutions  including  locks,  locksets,  portable 
locks, key systems, door controls and systems, exit  devices,  doors,  electronic security products,  access  control  systems, time 
and  attendance  and  workforce  productivity  solutions,  among  other  software  and  service  solutions.  This  segment’s  primary 
brands are AXA, Bricard, Briton, CISA, Gainsborough, Interflex and SimonsVoss.

Net revenues
Net  revenues  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  decreased  by  9.4%,  or  $74.9  million,  as  compared  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2021, due to the following:

Pricing
Volume
Acquisitions / divestitures
Currency exchange rates
Total

 5.6 %
 (4.6) %
 (0.3) %
 (10.1) %
 (9.4) %

The decrease in Net revenues was driven by lower volumes and unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements, due to 
the  strengthening  of  the  U.S.  dollar  relative  to  most  of  the  currencies  in  which  we  do  business  throughout  our  Allegion 
International segment. Both a prior year and current year divestiture also contributed slightly to the decrease in Net revenues. 
These decreases were partially offset by improved pricing.

As discussed above, softening demand throughout much of the Eurozone in 2022 has impacted several of our businesses in our 
Allegion International segment. Additionally, COVID-19 related lockdowns in China throughout the year also contributed to 
lower volumes. While we anticipate pricing initiatives to continue to positively contribute to revenue growth in 2023, volume 
growth will likely continue to be tempered until prevailing macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions improve. 

Operating income margin
Segment  operating  income  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  decreased  $14.1  million,  and  Segment  operating  margin 
decreased to 9.5% from 10.4% as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, due to the following:

35

In millions
December 31, 2021
Pricing and productivity in excess of inflation
Volume / product mix
Currency exchange rates
Investment spending
Acquisitions / divestitures
Restructuring / acquisition expenses
December 31, 2022

Operating Income

Operating Margin

$ 

$ 

82.4 
23.7 
(15.6) 
(17.6) 
(5.5) 
2.1 
(1.2) 
68.3 

 10.4 %
 2.4 %
 (1.5) %
 (1.3) %
 (0.7) %
 0.3 %
 (0.1) %
 9.5 %

The  decreases  in  Segment  operating  income  and  Segment  operating  margin  were  primarily  driven  by  unfavorable  volume/
product  mix,  unfavorable  foreign  currency  exchange  rate  movements,  increased  investment  spending  and  a  year-over-year 
increase  in  restructuring  and  acquisition  expenses.  These  decreases  were  partially  offset  by  pricing  and  productivity 
improvements in excess of inflation and both prior year and current year acquisition and divestiture activity.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity Outlook, Sources and Uses

Our primary source of liquidity is cash provided by operating activities. Cash provided by operating activities is used to invest 
in new product development and fund capital expenditures and working capital requirements. Our ability to generate cash from 
our  operating  activities,  our  unused  availability  under  the  2021  Revolving  Facility  and  our  access  to  the  capital  and  credit 
markets  enable  us  to  fund  these  capital  needs,  execute  our  long-term  growth  strategies  and  return  value  to  our  shareholders. 
Further,  our  business  operates  with  strong  operating  cash  flows,  low  leverage  and  low  capital  intensity,  providing  financial 
flexibility, including sufficient access to credit markets. 

Our  short-term  financing  needs  primarily  consist  of  working  capital  requirements,  restructuring  initiatives,  capital  spending, 
dividend payments and principal and interest payments on our long-term debt. Long-term financing needs depend largely on 
potential  growth  opportunities,  including  potential  acquisitions,  repayment  or  refinancing  of  our  long-term  obligations  and 
repurchases of our ordinary shares. Of our total outstanding indebtedness as of December 31, 2022, approximately 85% incurs 
fixed-rate interest and is therefore not exposed to the risk of rising variable interest rates. 

Based  upon  our  operations,  existing  cash  balances  and  unused  availability  under  the  2021  Revolving  Facility,  as  of 
December 31, 2022, we expect cash flows from operations to be sufficient to maintain a sound financial position and liquidity 
and  to  meet  our  financing  needs  for  at  least  the  next  12  months.  Further,  we  do  not  anticipate  any  covenant  compliance 
challenges with any of our outstanding indebtedness for at least the next 12 months. We also believe existing availability under 
the 2021 Credit Facilities and access to credit and capital markets are sufficient to achieve our longer-term strategic plans.

The following table reflects the major categories of cash flows for the years ended December 31. For additional details, see the 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In millions
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

2022

2021

$ 

$ 

459.5  $ 
(994.1) 
437.0  $ 

488.6 
(31.6) 
(529.3) 

Operating  activities:  Net  cash  provided  by  operating  activities  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  decreased  by  $29.1 
million compared to 2021, driven primarily by changes in working capital. 

Investing activities: Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased by $962.5 million 
compared to 2021, primarily due to $923.1 million of cash paid for our acquisition of the Access Technologies business, as well 
as an increase of $18.6 million in capital expenditures compared to 2021.

Financing  activities:  Net  cash  provided  by  (used  in)  financing  activities  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  changed  by 
$966.3 million compared to 2021, primarily due to the $600.0 million issuance of our 5.411% Senior Notes to help finance the 
acquisition of the Access Technologies business. Additionally, cash used to repurchase shares was $351.8 million lower in 2022 
compared to 2021.

36

Capitalization

At December 31, long-term debt and other borrowings consisted of the following:

In millions
2021 Term Facility
2021 Revolving Facility
3.200% Senior Notes due 2024
3.550% Senior Notes due 2027

3.500% Senior Notes due 2029
5.411% Senior Notes due 2032
Other debt
Total borrowings outstanding
Discounts and debt issuance costs, net
Total debt
Less current portion of long-term debt
Total long-term debt

2022

2021

$ 

$ 

237.5  $ 

69.0 
400.0 
400.0 
400.0 
600.0 
0.2 
2,106.7 
(12.2) 
2,094.5 
12.6 
2,081.9  $ 

250.0 
— 
400.0 
400.0 
400.0 
— 
0.3 
1,450.3 
(8.2) 
1,442.1 
12.6 
1,429.5 

As  of  December  31,  2022,  we  have  an  unsecured  Credit  Agreement  in  place,  consisting  of  the  $250.0  million  2021  Term 
Facility, of which $237.5 million was outstanding at December 31, 2022, and the 2021 Revolving Facility (together with the 
2021 Term Facility, the “2021 Credit Facilities”). The 2021 Credit Facilities mature on November 18, 2026. The 2021 Term 
Facility will amortize in quarterly installments at the following rates: 1.25% per quarter starting March 31, 2022 through March 
31, 2025, 2.5% per quarter starting June 30, 2025 through September 30, 2026, with the balance due on November 18, 2026. 
Principal amounts repaid on the Term Facility may not be reborrowed.  

The 2021 Revolving Facility provides aggregate commitments of up to $500.0 million, which includes up to $100.0 million for 
the issuance of letters of credit. On July 1, 2022, we borrowed $340.0 million under the 2021 Revolving Facility to partially 
fund our acquisition of the Access Technologies business. We subsequently repaid $271.0 million, resulting in $69.0 million of 
borrowings outstanding on the 2021 Revolving Facility as of December 31, 2022. We also had $13.2 million of letters of credit 
outstanding as of December 31, 2022. Outstanding borrowings under the 2021 Revolving Facility may be repaid at any time 
without premium or penalty, and amounts repaid may be reborrowed.

Outstanding  borrowings  under  the  2021  Credit  Facilities  accrue  interest  at  our  option  of  (i)  a  Bloomberg  Short-Term  Bank 
Yield Index (“BSBY”) rate plus an applicable margin, or (ii) a base rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus an applicable 
margin.  The  applicable  margin  ranges  from  0.875%  to  1.375%  depending  on  our  credit  ratings.  At  December  31,  2022, 
outstanding  borrowings  under  the  2021  Credit  Facilities  accrued  interest  at  BSBY  plus  a  margin  of  1.125%,  resulting  in  an 
interest  rate  of  5.498%.  The  Credit  Agreement  also  contains  negative  and  affirmative  covenants  and  events  of  default  that, 
among other things, limit or restrict our ability to enter into certain transactions. In addition, the Credit Agreement requires us to 
comply  with  a  maximum  leverage  ratio  as  defined  within  the  agreement.  As  of  December  31,  2022,  our  leverage  ratio  of 
approximately  2.5  was  significantly  below  the  covenant  requirement,  and  we  do  not  anticipate  any  potential  concerns  for  at 
least the next 12 months.

On June 22, 2022, we issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.411% Senior Notes due 2032 (the “5.411% Senior 
Notes”). The 5.411% Senior Notes require semi-annual interest payments on January 1 and July 1, beginning January 1, 2023, 
and will mature on July 1, 2032. We incurred and deferred $5.9 million of discounts and financing costs associated with the 
5.411% Senior Notes, which will be amortized to Interest expense over their 10-year term, as well as $4.3 million of third party 
financing costs that were recorded within Interest expense.

As  of  December  31,  2022,  we  also  have  $400.0  million  outstanding  of  3.200%  Senior  Notes  due  2024  (the  “3.200%  Senior 
Notes”),  $400.0  million  outstanding  of  3.550%  Senior  Notes  due  2027  (the  “3.550%  Senior  Notes”)  and  $400.0  million 
outstanding of 3.500% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “3.500% Senior Notes”, and all four senior notes collectively, the "Senior 
Notes"). The 3.200% Senior Notes, 3.550% Senior Notes and 3.500% Senior Notes all require semi-annual interest payments 
on April 1 and October 1 of each year, and will mature on October 1, 2024, October 1, 2027, and October 1, 2029, respectively.

Historically, the majority of our earnings were considered to be permanently reinvested in jurisdictions where we have made, 
and  intend  to  continue  to  make,  substantial  investments  to  support  the  ongoing  development  and  growth  of  our  global 
operations. At December 31, 2022, we analyzed our working capital requirements and the potential tax liabilities that would be 
incurred  if  certain  subsidiaries  made  distributions  and  concluded  that  no  material  changes  to  our  historic  permanent 
reinvestment assertions were required.

Scheduled future principal repayments on our outstanding indebtedness can be found in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements. Expected principal and interest payments related to our long-term indebtedness in 2023 amount to $12.6 million 
and $90.9 million, respectively, given our current level of indebtedness and effective interest rates as of December 31, 2022. 

37

Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments

In  addition  to  the  scheduled  principal  and  interest  payments  discussed  above,  our  material  cash  requirements  include  the 
following contractual and other obligations:

Purchase Commitments – We occasionally enter into short-term, firm purchase commitments to mitigate pricing risk related to 
certain of our commodity, parts and component purchases, which represent commitments under enforceable and legally binding 
agreements. Such purchase commitments are made in the normal course of business and are not anticipated to materially impact 
our liquidity or financial position over the next 12 months.

Leases  –  We  have  numerous  real  estate  and  equipment  leasing  arrangements  for  which  we  are  a  lessee.  See  Note  11  to  the 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements  for  further  information  as  to  the  short  and  long-term  lease  liabilities  included  within  the 
Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as future minimum lease payments for 2023 and future years.

Defined Benefit Plans – Our investment objective in managing defined benefit plan assets is to ensure that all present and future 
benefit obligations are met as they come due. We seek to achieve this goal while trying to mitigate volatility in plan funded 
status, contributions and expense by better matching the characteristics of the plan assets to that of the plan liabilities. Global 
asset allocation decisions are based on a dynamic approach whereby a plan's allocation to fixed income assets increases as the 
funded  status  increases.  We  monitor  plan  funded  status,  asset  allocation  and  the  impact  of  market  conditions  on  our  defined 
benefit plans regularly in addition to investment manager performance. None of our defined benefit plans have experienced a 
significant impact on their liquidity due to volatility in the markets.

At  December  31,  2022,  we  had  net  pension  liabilities  of  $12.1  million,  which  consist  of  plan  assets  of  $490.7  million  and 
benefit obligations of $502.8 million. It is our objective to contribute to our pension plans in order to ensure adequate funds are 
available  to  make  benefit  payments  to  plan  participants  and  beneficiaries  when  required.  At  December  31,  2022,  the  funded 
status  of  our  U.S.  pension  plans  increased  to  97.8%  from  97.2%  at  December  31,  2021.  The  funded  status  for  our  non-U.S. 
pension plans decreased to 97.4% at December 31, 2022 from 107.7% at December 31, 2021. The funded status for all of our 
pension plans at December 31, 2022 decreased to 97.6% from 103.0% at December 31, 2021. We currently expect to contribute 
approximately $12 million to our plans worldwide in 2023. 

Determining the costs and obligations associated with our defined benefit plans is dependent on various actuarial assumptions 
including  discount  rates,  expected  returns  on  plan  assets,  employee  mortality  and  turnover  rates.  Changes  in  any  of  the 
assumptions can have an impact on the net periodic pension benefit cost. An estimated 0.5% rate decline in the discount rate 
would have increased net periodic pension benefit cost by approximately $0.6 million in 2022, while a 0.5% rate decline in the 
estimated return on assets would have increased net periodic pension benefit cost by approximately $2.4 million. For further 
details on defined benefit plan activity, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Income Taxes – At December 31, 2022, we have total unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions of $45.2 million and 
$11.0 million of related accrued interest and penalties, net of tax, although we are unable to reasonably estimate the timing over 
which these liabilities might be paid. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding 
matters relating to income taxes, including unrecognized tax benefits and tax authority disputes.

Contingent Liabilities – We are involved in various litigation, claims and administrative proceedings, including those related to 
environmental,  asbestos-related  and  product  liability  matters.  We  believe  that  these  liabilities  are  subject  to  the  uncertainties 
inherent  in  estimating  future  costs  for  contingent  liabilities  and  will  likely  be  resolved  over  an  extended  period  of  time.  See 
Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Guarantor Financial Information

Allegion  US  Hold  Co  is  the  issuer  of  the  3.200%  Senior  Notes,  3.550%  Senior  Notes  and  5.411%  Senior  Notes  and  is  the 
guarantor of the 3.500% Senior Notes. Allegion plc (the “Parent”) is the issuer of the 3.500% Senior Notes and is the guarantor 
of  the  3.200%  Senior  Notes,  3.550%  Senior  Notes  and  5.411%  Senior  Notes.  Allegion  US  Hold  Co  is  directly  or  indirectly 
100% owned by the Parent and each of the guarantees of Allegion US Hold Co and the Parent is full and unconditional and 
joint and several.

The  3.200%  Senior  Notes,  3.550%  Senior  Notes  and  5.411%  Senior  Notes  are  senior  unsecured  obligations  of  Allegion  US 
Hold  Co  and  rank  equally  with  all  of  Allegion  US  Hold  Co’s  existing  and  future  senior  unsecured  and  unsubordinated 
indebtedness.  The  guarantee  of  the  3.200%  Senior  Notes,  3.550%  Senior  Notes  and  5.411%  Senior  Notes  is  the  senior 
unsecured  obligation  of  the  Parent  and  ranks  equally  with  all  of  the  Parent’s  existing  and  future  senior  unsecured  and 
unsubordinated indebtedness. The 3.500% Senior Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Parent and rank equally with all 
of  the  Parent’s  existing  and  future  senior  unsecured  and  unsubordinated  indebtedness.  The  guarantee  of  the  3.500%  Senior 
Notes is the senior unsecured obligation of Allegion US Hold Co and ranks equally with all of Allegion US Hold Co's existing 
and future senior unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness.
Each guarantee is effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness of the Guarantor to the extent of the value of the assets 
securing  such  indebtedness.  The  Senior  Notes  are  structurally  subordinated  to  indebtedness  and  other  liabilities  of  the 

38

subsidiaries  of  the Guarantor,  none of  which  guarantee the notes.  The obligations  of  the Guarantor  under  its  Guarantee are 
limited as necessary to prevent such Guarantee from constituting a fraudulent conveyance under applicable law and, therefore, 
are limited to the amount that the Guarantor could guarantee without such Guarantee constituting a fraudulent conveyance; this 
limitation,  however,  may  not be effective to  prevent such  Guarantee from constituting  a fraudulent conveyance.  If  the 
Guarantee was rendered voidable, it could be subordinated by a court to all other indebtedness (including guarantees and other 
contingent liabilities)  of  the Guarantor,  and,  depending  on  the amount of  such  indebtedness,  the Guarantor’s  liability  on  its 
Guarantee could  be reduced  to  zero.  In  such  an  event,  the notes  would  be structurally  subordinated  to  the indebtedness  and 
other liabilities of the Guarantor. 

For  further  details,  terms  and  conditions  of  the  Senior  Notes  refer  to  the  Company’s  Forms  8-K  filed  October  2,  2017, 
September 27, 2019, and June 22, 2022.
The following tables present the summarized financial information specified in Rule 1-02(bb)(1) of Regulation S-X for each 
issuer and guarantor. The summarized financial information has been prepared in accordance with Rule 13-01 of Regulation S-
X.
Selected Condensed Statement of Comprehensive Income Information

Year ended December 31, 2022

In millions
Net revenues
Gross profit
Operating loss
Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax
Transactions with related parties and subsidiaries(a)
Net earnings
Net earnings attributable to the entity

$ 

Allegion plc

Allegion US Hold Co
— 
— 
(14.4) 
195.5 
(79.6) 
85.0 
85.0 

—  $ 
— 
(6.7) 
505.9 
(21.1) 
458.0 
458.0 

(a) Transactions with related parties and subsidiaries include intercompany interest and fees.

Selected Condensed Balance Sheet Information

In millions
Current assets:
Amounts due from related parties and subsidiaries
Total current assets
Noncurrent assets:
Amounts due from related parties and subsidiaries
Total noncurrent assets
Current liabilities:
Amounts due to related parties and subsidiaries
Total current liabilities
Noncurrent liabilities:
Amounts due to related parties and subsidiaries
Total noncurrent liabilities

Critical Accounting Estimates

December 31, 2022

Allegion plc

Allegion US Hold Co

$ 

$ 

—  $ 
3.3 

— 
1,792.6 

45.9  $ 
65.3 

659.5 
1,282.0 

380.2 
417.4 

1,523.9 
1,596.6 

278.8 
303.5 

2,694.5 
4,166.1 

Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  are  based  upon  our  Consolidated 
Financial  Statements,  which  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  GAAP.  The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in 
accordance  with  GAAP  requires  management  to  use  judgment  in  making  estimates  and  assumptions  based  on  the  relevant 
information available at the end of each period. These estimates and assumptions have a significant effect on reported amounts 
of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities because they result 
primarily from the need to make estimates and assumptions on matters that are inherently uncertain. Actual results may differ 
from estimates. If updated information or actual amounts are different from previous estimates, the revisions are included in our 
results for the period in which they become known.

The following is a summary of certain accounting estimates and assumptions made by management that we consider critical:

•

Goodwill – Goodwill is tested annually during the fourth quarter for impairment or when there is a significant change in
events  or  circumstances  that  indicate  the  fair  value  of  a  reporting  unit  is,  more  likely  than  not,  less  than  its  carrying

39

amount. Recoverability of goodwill is measured at the reporting unit level and starts with a comparison of the carrying 
amount of a reporting unit to its estimated fair value. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying 
amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired. To the extent that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds 
its estimated fair value, a goodwill impairment charge will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value of 
the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill. 

As quoted market prices are not available for our reporting units, the calculation of their estimated fair values is based on 
two valuation techniques, a discounted cash flow model (income approach) and a market multiple of earnings (market 
approach), with each method being weighted in the calculation. The income approach relies on our estimates of revenue 
growth rates, margin assumptions and discount rates to estimate future cash flows and explicitly addresses factors such 
as timing, with due consideration given to forecasting risk. These assumptions are subject to varying degrees of judgment 
and complexity. Estimates of future revenue growth rates and margin assumptions represent our best estimates of future 
cash flows given our expectations of market growth for the security products industry in the specific markets in which 
we  operate,  as  well  as  factors  such  as  our  market  positioning,  brand  strength,  pricing  and  marketing  efforts  and  other 
growth and productivity opportunities and initiatives. Discount rate assumptions represent our best estimates of market 
participant adjusted weighted-average costs of capital. Although these assumptions represent our best estimates as of the 
assessment date, certain factors could potentially create variances in these estimates, including, but not limited to:

•

•

•

•

•

Decreases in estimated market sizes or market growth rates due to greater than expected declines in volumes,
pricing pressures or disruptive technology;
Declines  in  our  market  share  and  penetration  assumptions  due  to  increased  competition  or  an  inability  to
develop or launch new products;
The  impacts  of  market  volatility,  including  but  not  limited  to,  impacts  of  global  pandemics,  greater  than
expected inflation, supply chain disruption and delays, declines in pricing, reductions in volumes or fluctuations
in foreign currency exchange rates;
The  level  of  success  of  on-going  and  future  research  and  development  efforts,  including  those  related  to
acquisitions, and increases in the research and development costs necessary to obtain regulatory approvals and
launch new products; and
Volatility in market interest rates that could impact the selection of an appropriate discount rate.

The market approach requires determining an appropriate peer group, which is utilized to derive estimated fair values of 
our reporting units based on selected market multiples. The market approach reflects the market’s expectations for future 
growth and risk, with adjustments to account for differences between the selected peer group companies and the subject 
reporting units. While market multiples are based on observable, arm’s-length evidence of value, these assumptions are 
still subject to inherent uncertainty, as the peer-group companies may differ in significant ways from one or more of our 
reporting units in terms of size, growth or business characteristics.
The critical accounting estimates and assumptions discussed above, include our estimates of revenue growth rates and 
margin  assumptions,  discount  rates,  our  selection  of  an  appropriate  peer  group  and  selected  market  multiples.  These 
estimates and assumptions are considered critical, as they are subject to a high degree of judgment and complexity. The 
selection of an applicable peer group has not significantly changed in recent years. Forecasted revenue growth rates and 
margin assumptions are updated annually and often fluctuate from year to year due to a myriad of factors, such as our 
assessment  of  the  macroeconomic  conditions  throughout  the  major  markets  in  which  we  do  business,  navigating  the 
COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain challenges, elevated levels of inflation in recent years and pricing initiatives to offset 
inflation,  market  acceptance  of  new  product  innovation,  investments  in  productivity  projects,  restructuring  efforts, 
among  other  economic,  strategic  and  operational  factors  impacting  our  businesses.  Discount  rate  and  market  multiple 
assumptions are similarly updated annually, based on our best estimates of market participants, which typically include 
observable,  arm's  length-evidence  of  value,  where  possible.  While  we  make  every  effort  to  estimate  fair  value  as 
accurately as possible with the information available at the assessment date, changes in assumptions and estimates may 
affect the estimated fair value of the reporting unit and could result in impairment charges in future periods. During our 
most recent annual impairment analysis, none of our reporting units were determined to be at risk of impairment.

•

Indefinite-lived intangible assets – Similar to goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually during the
fourth quarter for impairment or when there is a significant change in events or circumstances that indicate the fair value
of the asset is, more likely than not, less than its carrying amount. Recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets is
determined on a relief from royalty methodology, which is based on the implied royalty paid, at an appropriate discount
rate, to license the use of an asset rather than owning the asset. The present value of the after-tax cost savings (i.e. royalty
relief) indicates the estimated fair value of the asset. Any excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value is
recognized  as  an  impairment  loss  equal  to  that  excess.  The  critical  assumptions  utilized  in  our  annual  impairment
analysis  for  indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  are  the  royalty  rates  and  discount  rates,  which  often  differ  amongst  our
various  indefinite-lived  assets.  We  assess  the  appropriateness  of  each  royalty  rate  assumption  annually,  based  on  our
assessment of observable market royalty rates and an analysis of the profitability of the primary business that owns or
otherwise uses the indefinite-lived asset. Discount rate assumptions typically consider the discount rate conclusions for

40

•

•

the reporting unit in which an underlying business operates, plus an incremental spread, where appropriate, to consider 
size, country or other company-specific risk. A significant change in any or a combination of the assumptions used to 
estimate fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets could have a negative impact on the estimated fair values. 

Income taxes – We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are
determined based on temporary differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, applying
enacted  tax  rates  expected  to  be  in  effect  for  the  year  in  which  the  differences  are  expected  to  reverse.  We  recognize
future  tax  benefits,  such  as  net  operating  losses  and  non-U.S.  tax  credits,  to  the  extent  that  realizing  these  benefits  is
considered in our judgment to be more likely than not. The recoverability of our deferred tax assets, which we consider
to be a critical estimate, is reviewed regularly by considering our historic profitability, projected future taxable income,
timing  of  the  reversals  of  existing  temporary  differences  and  the  feasibility  of  our  tax  planning  strategies.  Where
appropriate,  we  record  a  valuation  allowance  with  respect  to  future  tax  benefits.  We  establish  valuation  allowances
against the realizability of any deferred tax assets based on our consideration of all available evidence, both positive and
negative, using a “more likely than not” standard. This assessment considers the nature, frequency and amount of recent
losses,  the  duration  of  statutory  carryforward  periods  and  tax  planning  strategies.  Although  our  assessments  of  the
valuation and recoverability of our deferred tax assets can change given a change in facts and circumstances (such as a
change in a statutory tax rate), in making such judgments and estimates, significant weight is given to evidence that can
be objectively verified.

The provision for income taxes also involves a significant amount of management judgment regarding interpretation of
relevant facts and laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Future changes in applicable laws, projected levels of
taxable  income  and  tax  planning  could  change  the  effective  tax  rate  and  tax  balances  recorded  by  us.  In  addition,  tax
authorities periodically review income tax returns filed by us and can raise issues regarding our filing positions, timing
and  amount  of  income  or  deductions  and  the  allocation  of  income  among  the  jurisdictions  in  which  we  operate.  A
significant period of time may elapse between the filing of an income tax return and the ultimate resolution of an issue
raised  by  a  tax  authority  with  respect  to  that  return.  We  believe  we  have  adequately  provided  for  any  reasonably
foreseeable resolution of these matters and will adjust our estimates if significant events so dictate. To the extent that the
ultimate  results  differ  from  our  original  or  adjusted  estimates,  the  effect  will  be  recorded  in  the  Provision  for  income
taxes in the period the matter is finally resolved.

Business  combinations  –  The  accounting  for  business  combinations  involves  a  considerable  amount  of  judgment  and
estimation,  including  the  identification  of  and  fair  values  determined  for  acquired  intangible  assets,  which  typically
include  trade  names,  customer  relationships  and  completed  technologies.  The  determination  of  fair  values  of  acquired
intangible  assets  involves  projections  of  future  revenues  and  cash  flows  that  are  either  discounted  at  an  estimated
discount  rate  or  measured  at  an  estimated  royalty  rate;  fair  values  of  other  acquired  assets  and  assumed  liabilities,
including potential contingencies; and the useful lives of the acquired assets. Due to the level of judgment and estimation
required, in the case of significant acquisitions, we normally obtain the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist in
estimating fair values of acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities. An income approach or market
approach (or both) is utilized in accordance with accepted valuation models to determine fair value. The determination of
fair value of acquired assets typically requires the use of assumptions that include projections developed using historical
information,  internal  forecasts,  available  industry  and  market  data,  estimates  of  revenue  growth  rates,  profitability,
customer  attrition  and  discount  and  royalty  rates,  which  are  estimated  at  the  time  of  acquisition,  considering  the
perspective of marketplace participants. While we believe expectations and assumptions utilized for historical business
combinations  have  been  reasonable,  they  are  inherently  uncertain,  and  unanticipated  market  or  macroeconomic  events
and circumstances occasionally do occur, and may occur in the future, which could affect the accuracy and validity of
such assumptions.

For our acquisition of the Access Technologies business in 2022, we believe the critical assumptions that significantly
impacted recorded amounts for identifiable intangible assets include the financial projections of future performance of
the business, the royalty rate assumption utilized in determining the fair value of the finite-lived trade name asset and the
allocation  of  revenues  by  customer  type  and  attrition  rate  assumptions  utilized  in  determining  the  fair  value  of  the
customer relationship asset. The royalty rate assumption utilized in the valuation of the trade name asset was determined
based on a review of market royalty rates and an analysis of the Access Technologies business’ profitability. An increase
or decrease of 1% in the royalty rate assumption would have resulted in an approximate $15 million change in the value
ascribed to the trade name asset. The attrition rate assumption utilized in the valuation of the customer relationship asset
was  determined  based  on  a  detailed  review  of  customer  specific  data  for  the  Access  Technologies  business  spanning
multiple years, combined with our estimation of the likelihood of these trends continuing for the foreseeable future. An
increase or decrease of 1% in the attrition rate assumption would have resulted in an approximate $15-20 million change
in the value ascribed to the customer relationship asset.

The  impact  of  future  business  combinations  on  our  financial  condition  or  results  of  operations  may  also  be  materially
impacted  by  the  change  in  or  initial  selection  of  assumptions  and  estimates,  in  addition  to  events  and  circumstances

41

subsequent to the acquisition that are not reasonably anticipated when finalizing our purchase accounting estimates and 
assumptions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 herein for a discussion of recently issued and adopted 
accounting pronouncements.

Item 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates which could impact our results 
of operations and financial condition.

Foreign Currency Exposures

We have operations throughout the world that manufacture and sell products in various international markets. As a result, we 
are exposed to movements in exchange rates of various currencies against the U.S. dollar as well as against other currencies 
throughout the world. We actively manage material currency exposures that are associated with purchases and sales and other 
assets  and  liabilities  at  the  legal  entity  level;  however,  we  do  not  hedge  currency  translation  risk.  We  attempt  to  hedge 
exposures that cannot be naturally offset to an insignificant amount with foreign currency derivatives. Derivative instruments 
utilized in our hedging activities are viewed as risk management tools, involve little complexity and are not used for trading or 
speculative purposes. To minimize the risk of counter party non-performance, derivative instrument agreements are made only 
through major financial institutions with significant experience in such derivative instruments.

We  evaluate  our  exposure  to  changes  in  currency  exchange  rates  on  our  foreign  currency  derivatives  using  a  sensitivity 
analysis. The sensitivity analysis is a measurement of the potential loss in fair value based on a percentage change in exchange 
rates. Based on the firmly committed currency derivative instruments in place at December 31, 2022, a hypothetical change in 
fair  value  of  those  derivative  instruments  assuming  a  10%  adverse  change  in  exchange  rates  would  result  in  an  additional 
unrealized  loss  of  approximately  $1.5  million.  This  amount,  when  realized,  would  be  partially  offset  by  changes  in  the  fair 
value of the underlying transactions.

Commodity Price Exposures

We  purchase  a  wide  range  of  raw  material,  including  steel,  zinc,  brass  and  other  non-ferrous  metals,  and  are  exposed  to 
volatility  in  the  prices  of  these  and  other  commodities  used  in  our  products.  We  use  fixed  price  contracts  to  manage  this 
exposure where appropriate. We do not have committed commodity derivative instruments in place at December 31, 2022.

Interest Rate Exposure

Of our total outstanding indebtedness of $2.1 billion as of December 31, 2022, approximately 85% incurs fixed-rate interest and 
is  therefore  not  exposed  to  the  risk  of  rising  variable  interest  rates.  However,  outstanding  borrowings  under  the  2021  Credit 
Facilities do accrue variable rate interest at our option of (i) a BSBY rate plus the applicable margin or (ii) a base rate plus the 
applicable  margin.  The  applicable  margin  ranges  from  0.875%  to  1.375%  depending  on  our  credit  ratings.  At  December  31, 
2022, the outstanding borrowings of $306.5 million under the 2021 Credit Facilities accrue interest at BSBY plus a margin of 
1.125%,  resulting  in  an  interest  rate  of  5.498%.  Applicable  variable  interest  rates  increased  throughout  2022,  resulting  in 
increased Interest expense. We are also exposed to the risk of rising interest rates to the extent that we fund our operations with 
short-term or variable-rate borrowings, as we currently have unused availability of $417.8 million under the 2021 Revolving 
Facility as of December 31, 2022. If the BSBY or other applicable base rates of the 2021 Credit Facilities increase in the future, 
our Interest expense could increase.

42

Item 8.      FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

(a) The  following  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  and  Financial  Statement  Schedule  and  the  report  thereon  of
PricewaterhouseCoopers  LLP  dated  February  22,  2023,  are  presented  following  Item  16  of  this  Annual  Report  on
Form 10-K.

Consolidated Financial Statements:

Report of independent registered public accounting firm (PCAOB ID 238)
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021
For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:

Consolidated Statements of Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial Statement Schedule:

Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

Item 9.      CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL

 DISCLOSURE

None.

Item 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have conducted an evaluation 
of  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company's  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  such  term  is  defined  in  Rules  13a-15(e)  and 
15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on that 
evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded as of December 31, 2022, that the Company's 
disclosure  controls  and  procedures  were  effective  in  ensuring  that  information  required  to  be  disclosed  by  the  Company  in 
reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act has been recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time 
periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms, and that such information has been accumulated and communicated to 
the Company's management including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely 
decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined 
under  Exchange  Act  Rules  13a-15(f)  and  15d-15(f).  Our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  to 
provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for 
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes 
those policies and procedures that:

•

•

•

pertain  to  the  maintenance  of  records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and
dispositions of the Company’s assets;
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements
in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  the  Company’s  receipts  and  expenditures  are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition
of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements.  Also, 
projections  of  any  evaluation  of  effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that  controls  may  become  inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In making this 
assessment,  management  used  the  criteria  set  forth  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway 
Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). We concluded that our internal control over financial 
reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022. Management's assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal 
controls over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of the Access Technologies business, which we acquired 

43

in  July  2022.  Due  to  the  timing  of  this  acquisition,  and  as  permitted  by  SEC  guidance,  management  excluded  the  Access 
Technologies business from its December 31, 2022, assessment of internal control over financial reporting.

The  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  has  been  audited  by  PricewaterhouseCoopers  LLP,  the 
independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report herein.

(c  Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There  were  no  changes  in  the  Company's  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred  during  the  quarter  ended 
December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial 
reporting.

Item 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION

None.

Item 9C.    DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

44

PART III

Item 10.   DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information regarding our executive officers is included in Part I under the caption "Executive Officers of the Registrant."

The other information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information contained under the headings 
"Item 1. Election of Directors," "Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports" and "Corporate Governance" in our Proxy Statement.

Item 11.   EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The  information  required  by  this  item  is  incorporated  herein  by  reference  to  the  information  contained  under  the  headings 
"Compensation  Discussion  and  Analysis,"  "Executive  Compensation"  and  "Compensation  Committee  Report"  in  our  Proxy 
Statement.

Item 12.   SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED

 STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The  information  required  by  this  item  is  incorporated  herein  by  reference  to  the  information  contained  under  the  headings 
"Security  Ownership  of  Certain  Beneficial  Owners  and  Management"  and  "Equity  Compensation  Plan  Information"  of  our 
Proxy Statement.

Item 13.   CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The  information  required  by  this  item  is  incorporated  herein  by  reference  to  the  information  contained  under  the  headings 
"Corporate Governance" and "Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions" of our Proxy Statement.

Item 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information contained under the caption "Fees 
of the Independent Auditors" in our Proxy Statement.

45

Item 15.    EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

PART IV

(a) 1. and 2.

3.

Financial statements and financial statement schedule
See Item 8.

Exhibits
The exhibits listed on the accompanying index to exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K.

46

ALLEGION PLC
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
(Item 15(a))

Description

Certain  agreements  filed  as  exhibits  to  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  may  contain  representations  and  warranties  by  the 
parties thereto. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreements and 
(i) may  have  been  qualified  by  confidential  disclosures  made  by  parties  in  connection  with  such  agreements,  (ii)  were  made
only as of the date of such agreements or such other date(s) as may be specified in such agreements and are subject to more
recent developments, which may or may not be fully reflected in our public disclosure, (iii) were included in such agreements
solely to reflect the allocation of risk among the parties to such agreements and (iv) may apply materiality standards different
from  what  may  be  viewed  as  material  to  investors.  Investors  are  not  third-party  beneficiaries  under  such  agreements,  and
accordingly, should not rely on these representations and warranties as characterizations of our actual state of affairs at the date
thereof or hereof.

(a) Exhibits

Exhibit
Number

2.1

3.1

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

Exhibit Description

Method of Filing

Separation and Distribution Agreement between Ingersoll-
Rand plc and Allegion plc, dated November 29, 2013.

Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of 
Association of Allegion plc.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on 
December 2, 2013 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 
13, 2016 (File No. 001-35971).

Indenture, dated as of October 2, 2017, among Allegion 
US Holding Company Inc., Allegion plc and Wells Fargo 
Bank, National Association.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the 
Company's Form 8-K filed October 2, 2017 (File 
No. 001-35971).

First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 2, 2017, 
among Allegion US Holding Company Inc., Allegion plc 
and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the 
Company's Form 8-K filed October 2, 2017 (File 
No. 001-35971).

Form of Global Note representing the 3.200% Senior 
Notes due 2024.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the 
Company's Form 8-K filed October 2, 2017 
(included in Exhibit 4.2) (File No. 001-35971).

Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 2, 
2017, among Allegion US Holding Company Inc., 
Allegion plc and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the 
Company's Form 8-K filed October 2, 2017 (File 
No. 001-35971).

Form of Global Note representing the 3.550% Senior 
Notes due 2027.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 of the 
Company's Form 8-K filed October 2, 2017 
(included in Exhibit 4.4) (File No. 001-35971).

Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 27, 
2019, among Allegion plc, Allegion US Holding Company 
Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed September 27, 2019 
(File No. 001-35971).

Form of Global Note representing the 3.500% Senior 
Notes due 2029.

Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 22, 2022, 
among Allegion plc, Allegion US Holding Company Inc., 
and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. as successor to 
Wells Fargo Bank National Association.
Form of Global Note representing the 5.411% Senior 
Notes due 2032.

4.10

Description of the Registrant’s Securities registered 
pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934.

47

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the 
Company's Form 8-K filed September 27, 2019 
(included in Exhibit 4.2) (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed June 22, 2022 (File No. 
001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the 
Company's Form 8-K filed June 22,2022 included in 
Exhibit 4.2) (File No. 001-35971).
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 of the 
Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 18, 2020 (File No. 001-35971).

10.1

Form of Separation Agreement and Release. *

10.2

Tax Matters Agreement between Ingersoll-Rand plc and 
Allegion plc.

10.3

Credit Agreement, dated as of November 18, 2021. 

10.4

Employee Matters Agreement between Ingersoll-Rand plc 
and Allegion plc.

10.5

2013 Incentive Stock Plan. *

10.6

Executive Deferred Compensation Plan. *

10.7

Supplemental Employee Savings Plan. *

10.8

Elected Officer Supplemental Program. *

10.9

Key Management Supplemental Program. *

10.10

Supplemental Pension Plan. *

10.11

Senior Executive Performance Plan. *

10.12

David D. Petratis Offer Letter, dated June 19, 2013. *

10.13

Patrick S. Shannon Offer Letter, dated April 9, 2013. *

10.14

Timothy P. Eckersley Offer Letter, dated March 3, 2021. *

10.15

Jeffrey N. Braun Offer Letter, dated June 13, 2014. *

10.16

Form of Allegion plc Deed Poll Indemnity.

48

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the 
Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 19, 2019 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on 
December 2, 2013 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the 
Company's Form 8-K filed November 18, 2021 (File 
No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on 
December 2, 2013 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed 
with the SEC on June 17, 2013, as amended (File 
No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed 
with the SEC on June 17, 2013, as amended (File 
No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the 
Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 18, 2020 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed 
with the SEC on June 17, 2013, as amended (File 
No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed 
with the SEC on June 17, 2013, as amended (File 
No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed 
with the SEC on June 17, 2013, as amended (File 
No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed 
with the SEC on June 17, 2013, as amended (File 
No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed 
with the SEC on June 17, 2013, as amended (File 
No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed 
with the SEC on June 17, 2013, as amended (File 
No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 
10, 2021 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of the 
Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 17, 2017 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 of the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed 
with the SEC on June 17, 2013, as amended (File 
No. 001-35971).

10.17

Form of Allegion US Holding Company, Inc. Deed Poll 
Indemnity.

10.18

Form of Allegion Irish Holding Company Limited Deed 
Poll Indemnity.

10.19

Annual Incentive Plan. *

10.20

Change in Control Severance Plan. *

10.21

Form of Special Global Restricted Stock Unit Award 
Agreement. *

10.22

Form of 2020 Global Restricted Stock Unit Award 
Agreement. *

10.23

Form of 2020 Global Stock Option Award Agreement. *

10.24

Form of 2020 Global Performance Stock Unit Award 
Agreement. *

10.25

Form of 2021 Global Restricted Stock Unit Award 
Agreement. *

10.26

Form of 2021 Global Stock Option Award Agreement. *

10.27

Form of 2021 Global Performance Stock Unit Award 
Agreement. *

10.28

Form of 2022 Global Restricted Stock Unit Award 
Agreement. *

10.29

Form of 2022 Global Stock Option Award Agreement. *

10.30

Form of 2022 Global Performance Stock Unit Award 
Agreement. *

10.31

Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Unit 
Award Agreement. *

10.32

Share Purchase Agreement dated June 26, 2015 between 
SimonsVoss Luxco S.à r.l., SimonsVoss Co-Invest GmbH 
& Co. KG, Mr Frank Rövekamp and Allegion 
Luxembourg Holding & Financing S.à r.l. 

10.33

Timothy P. Eckersley Restricted Stock Unit Award 
Agreement, dated March 10, 2021. *

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed 
with the SEC on June 17, 2013, as amended (File 
No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 of the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed 
with the SEC on June 17, 2013, as amended (File 
No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the 
Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 
10, 2014 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the 
Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 
10, 2014 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 of the 
Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 15, 2022 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of the 
Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 18, 2020 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 of the 
Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 18, 2020 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 of the 
Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 18, 2020 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of the 
Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 16, 2021 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 of the 
Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 16, 2021 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 of the 
Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 16, 2021 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 of the 
Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 15, 2022 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 of the 
Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 15, 2022 File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 of the 
Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on 
February 15, 2022 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the 
Company's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on April 
30, 2015 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the 
Company's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on July 
30, 2015 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the 
Company's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on April 
22, 2021 (File No. 001-35971).

49

10.34

Timothy P. Eckersley Performance Stock Unit Award 
Agreement, dated March 10, 2021. *

10.35

 Michael J. Wagnes Offer Letter, dated February 14, 2022. 
*

10.36

John H. Stone Offer Letter, dated May 24, 2022. *

10.37

 John H. Stone Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, 
dated August 1, 2022. *

10.38

John H. Stone Stock Option Award Agreement, dated 
August 1, 2022. *

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the 
Company's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on April 
22, 2021 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on 
February 15, 2022 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 
31, 2022 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the 
Company's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on 
October 27, 2022 (File No. 001-35971).

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the 
Company's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on 
October 27, 2022 (File No. 001-35971).

10.39

David S. Ilardi Offer Letter, dated February 14, 2022. *

Filed herewith.

10.40

21.1

23.1

31.1

31.2

32.1

Transaction Agreement, dated as of April 22, 2022, by and 
between Allegion US Holding Company Inc. Stanley 
Black & Decker, Inc., Stanley Black & Decker Canada 
Corporation, various entities thereto and Stanley Access 
Technologies LLC.

List of subsidiaries of Allegion plc.

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting 
Firm.

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 
13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to 
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 
13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to 
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief 
Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 
15d-14(b) and 18U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted 
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 
2002.

101.INS XBRL Instance Document.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 
22, 2022 (File No. 001-35971).

Filed herewith.

Filed herewith.

Filed herewith.

Filed herewith.

Furnished herewith.

The instance document does not appear in the 
Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are 
embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

Filed herewith.

101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

Filed herewith.

Document.

101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

Filed herewith.

Document.

101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document.

Filed herewith.

101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

Filed herewith.

Document.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File.

* Compensatory plan or arrangement.

Item 16.    FORM 10-K SUMMARY

Not applicable.

50

Formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 
101.

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this 
report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

ALLEGION PLC
(Registrant)

By:

/s/ John H. Stone

John H. Stone
Chief Executive Officer
February 22, 2023

Date:

51

Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on 
behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

Title

Date

/s/ John H. Stone
(John H. Stone)

/s/ Michael J. Wagnes
(Michael J. Wagnes)

/s/ Nickolas A. Musial
(Nickolas A. Musial)

/s/ Kirk S. Hachigian
(Kirk S. Hachigian)

/s/ Steven C. Mizell
(Steven C. Mizell)

/s/ Nicole Parent Haughey

(Nicole Parent Haughey)

/s/ Lauren B. Peters

(Lauren B. Peters)

/s/ Dean I. Schaffer

(Dean I. Schaffer)

/s/ Dev Vardhan

(Dev Vardhan)

/s/ Martin E. Welch III
(Martin E. Welch III)

President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal 
Executive Officer)

February 22, 2023

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial 
Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

February 22, 2023

Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting 
Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

February 22, 2023

Chairman of the Board and Director

February 22, 2023

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

February 22, 2023

February 22, 2023

February 22, 2023

February 22, 2023

February 22, 2023

February 22, 2023

52

ALLEGION PLC
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial Statement Schedule: Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended 
December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

F-1

F-3

F-4

F-5

F-6

F-7

F-35

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Allegion Public Limited Company

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Allegion  plc  and  its  subsidiaries  (the  “Company”)  as  of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, of equity and of cash flows for 
each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  December  31,  2022,  including  the  related  notes  and  financial statement  schedule 
listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the 
Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - 
Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).  
In  our  opinion,  the  consolidated  financial  statements  referred  to  above  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial 
position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the 
three years in the period ended December 31, 2022 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United 
States  of  America.  Also  in  our  opinion,  the  Company  maintained,  in  all  material  respects,  effective  internal  control  over 
financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) 
issued by the COSO.
As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management has excluded the acquisition 
of  Stanley  Access  Technologies  LLC  and  assets  related  to  the  automatic  entrance  solutions  business  from  Stanley  Black  & 
Decker,  Inc.  (the  “Access  Technologies  business”)  from  its  assessment  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of 
December 31, 2022, because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination during 2022. We have also 
excluded  the  Access  Technologies  business  from  our  audit  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting.  The  Access 
Technologies business is wholly owned and has total assets and total revenues excluded from management’s assessment and 
our  audit  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  represent  approximately  25%  and  6%,  respectively,  of  the  related 
consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Basis for Opinions

The  Company's  management  is  responsible  for  these  consolidated  financial  statements,  for  maintaining  effective  internal 
control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included 
in  Management’s  Report  on  Internal  Control  Over  Financial  Reporting  appearing  under  Item  9A.  Our  responsibility  is  to 
express  opinions  on  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  and  on  the  Company's  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting  based  on  our  audits.  We  are  a  public  accounting  firm  registered  with  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight 
Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. 
federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audits  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  consolidated  financial  statements  are  free  of  material  misstatement, 
whether  due  to  error  or  fraud,  and  whether  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was  maintained  in  all  material 
respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement 
of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. 
Such  procedures  included  examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence  regarding  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  consolidated 
financial  statements.  Our  audits  also  included  evaluating  the  accounting  principles  used  and  significant  estimates  made  by 
management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  presentation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  Our  audit  of  internal 
control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the 
risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based 
on  the  assessed  risk.  Our  audits  also  included  performing  such  other  procedures  as  we  considered  necessary  in  the 
circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted  accounting  principles.  A  company’s  internal control  over  financial  reporting  includes  those  policies  and  procedures 
that  (i)  pertain  to  the  maintenance  of  records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and 
dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit 
preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  receipts  and 
expenditures  of  the  company  are  being  made  only  in  accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the 
company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or 
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

F-1

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements.  Also, 
projections  of  any  evaluation  of  effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that  controls  may  become  inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The  critical  audit  matter  communicated  below  is  a  matter  arising  from  the  current  period  audit  of  the  consolidated  financial 
statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or 
disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or 
complex  judgments.  The  communication  of  critical  audit  matters  does  not  alter  in  any  way  our  opinion  on  the  consolidated 
financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate 
opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Acquisition of the Access Technologies business – Valuation of Customer Relationships 

As described in Notes 2 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, on July 5, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition 
of  the  Access  Technologies  business  for  total  preliminary  cash  consideration  of  $923.1  million.  Of  the  acquired  intangible 
assets, $137.4 million of customer relationships were recorded. The fair value of consideration paid in a business combination 
is  allocated  to  the  tangible  and  identifiable  intangible  assets  acquired,  liabilities  assumed  and  goodwill  using  the  acquisition 
method of accounting. As disclosed by management, accounting for business combinations involves a considerable amount of 
judgment  and  estimation,  including  the  identification  of  and  fair  values  determined  for  acquired  intangible  assets.  The 
determination  of  fair  values  of  the  acquired  intangible  assets  involves  projections  of  future  revenues  and  cash  flows  that  are 
discounted at an estimated discount rate. An income approach was utilized to determine fair value. The assumptions used by 
management  to  determine  the  fair  value  of  the  acquired  intangible  assets  include  projections  developed  using  historical 
information,  internal  forecasts,  available  industry  and  market  data,  estimates  of  revenue  growth  rates,  profitability,  customer 
attrition, discount rates, and the allocation of revenues by customer type which are estimated at the time of acquisition.
The  principal  considerations  for  our  determination  that  performing  procedures  relating  to  the  valuation  of  the  customer 
relationships acquired in connection with the acquisition of the Access Technologies business is a critical audit matter are (i) the 
significant judgment by management when developing the fair value estimate of the customer relationships acquired; (ii) a high 
degree  of  auditor  judgment,  subjectivity,  and  effort  in  performing  procedures  and  evaluating  management’s  significant 
assumptions related to the revenue growth rate, profitability, customer attrition, discount rate, and the allocation of revenues by 
customer type; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall 
opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the 
acquisition  accounting,  including  controls  over  management’s  valuation  of  the  customer  relationships  acquired.  These 
procedures also included, among others (i) reading the acquisition agreement; (ii) testing management’s process for developing 
the fair value estimate of the customer relationships acquired; (iii) evaluating the appropriateness of the income approach; (iv) 
testing  the  completeness  and  accuracy  of  the  underlying  data  used  in  the  income  approach;  and  (v)  evaluating  the 
reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management related to the revenue growth rate, profitability, customer 
attrition rate, discount rate, and the allocation of revenues by customer type. Evaluating the reasonableness of management’s 
significant  assumptions  related  to  the  revenue  growth  rate,  profitability,  and  the  allocation  of  revenues  by  customer  type 
involved  evaluating  whether  the  assumptions  used  by  management  were  reasonable  considering  (i)  the  current  and  past 
performance of the Access Technologies business, (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data, and (iii) whether 
these significant assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized 
skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating the appropriateness of the Company’s income approach and evaluating the 
reasonableness of the discount rate and customer attrition significant assumptions.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Indianapolis, Indiana 
February 22, 2023

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

F-2

Allegion plc
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
In millions, except per share amounts

For the years ended December 31,
Net revenues
Cost of goods sold
Selling and administrative expenses
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
Loss on assets held for sale
Operating income
Interest expense
Loss on divestitures
Other income, net
Earnings before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net earnings
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net earnings attributable to Allegion plc
Amounts attributable to Allegion plc ordinary shareholders:
Earnings per share attributable to Allegion plc ordinary shareholders:

Basic net earnings:
Diluted net earnings:

Net earnings
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:

Currency translation
Cash flow hedges:

Unrealized net gains arising during period
Net gains reclassified into earnings
Tax (expense) benefit

Total cash flow hedges, net of tax

Defined benefit plan adjustments:

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 

Prior service (costs) gains and net actuarial (losses) gains, net
Amortization reclassified into earnings
Settlements/curtailments reclassified into earnings
Currency translation and other
Tax benefit (expense)

Total defined benefit plan adjustments, net of tax
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax

Total comprehensive income, net of tax
Less: Total comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Total comprehensive income attributable to Allegion plc

$ 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

2022
3,271.9  $ 
1,949.5 
736.0 
— 
— 
586.4 
75.9 
7.6 
(11.6) 
514.5 
56.2 
458.3 
0.3 
458.0  $ 

2021
2,867.4  $ 
1,662.5 
674.7 
— 
— 
530.2 
50.2 
— 
(44.0) 
524.0 
40.7 
483.3 
0.3 
483.0  $ 

2020
2,719.9 
1,541.1 
635.7 
101.7 
37.9 
403.5 
51.1 
— 
(13.0) 
365.4 
50.9 
314.5 
0.2 
314.3 

5.20  $ 
5.19  $ 

5.37  $ 
5.34  $ 

3.41 
3.39 

458.3  $ 

483.3  $ 

314.5 

(76.2) 

(63.3) 

57.3 

5.7 
(0.3) 
(0.2) 
5.2 

(38.7) 
0.5 
— 
7.7 
9.4 
(21.1) 
(92.1) 
366.2 
(0.4) 
366.6  $ 

2.6 
(0.2) 
(0.6) 
1.8 

25.7 
4.8 
0.5 
1.0 
(7.7) 
24.3 
(37.2) 
446.1 
0.4 
445.7  $ 

3.9 
(5.8) 
0.5 
(1.4) 

4.9 
5.0 
0.1 
(2.1) 
(2.0) 
5.9 
61.8 
376.3 
0.5 
375.8 

F-3

Allegion plc
Consolidated Balance Sheets
In millions, except share amounts

As of December 31,
ASSETS
Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

Accounts and notes receivable, net

Inventories

Current tax receivable

Other current assets

Assets held for sale

Total current assets

Property, plant and equipment, net

Goodwill
Intangible assets, net

Deferred and noncurrent income taxes

Other noncurrent assets

Total assets

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable

Accrued compensation and benefits

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Current tax payable

Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt

Total current liabilities

Long-term debt

Postemployment and other benefit liabilities

Deferred and noncurrent income taxes

Other noncurrent liabilities

Total liabilities

Equity:

Allegion plc shareholders’ equity

Ordinary shares, $0.01 par value (87,852,777 and 88,215,625 shares issued and 
outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively)
Capital in excess of par value

Retained earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Total Allegion plc shareholders’ equity

Noncontrolling interests

Total equity

Total liabilities and equity

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-4

2022

2021

$ 

288.0  $ 

395.6 

479.0 

8.3 

40.2 

3.5 

1,214.6 

308.7 

1,413.1 

608.9 

227.6 

218.3 

397.9 

283.3 

380.4 

29.1 

26.9 

— 

1,117.6 

283.7 

803.8 

447.5 

154.5 

243.9 

$ 

3,991.2  $ 

3,051.0 

$ 

280.7  $ 

134.7 

247.9 

27.7 

12.6 

703.6 

2,081.9 

40.1 

101.6 

119.5 

259.1 

117.7 

199.9 

11.9 

12.6 

601.2 

1,429.5 

69.2 

100.8 

87.9 

3,046.7 

2,288.6 

0.9 

13.9 

1,212.8 

(285.8) 

941.8 

2.7 

944.5 

0.9 

— 

952.6 

(194.4) 

759.1 

3.3 

762.4 

$ 

3,991.2  $ 

3,051.0 

Allegion plc 
Consolidated Statements of Equity 
In millions, except per share amounts 

Allegion plc shareholders' equity 

Ordinary Shares 

Total 
equity 

Amount 

Shares 

Capital in 
excess of par 
value 

Retained 
earnings 

Accumulated 
other 
comprehensive 
loss 

Noncontrolling 
interests 

Balance at December 31, 2019 

$ 

760.4  

$ 

0.9 

92.7  

$

— 

$ 

975.1  

$ 

(218.6)  

$

  Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 326,  
  Financial Instruments – Credit Losses 

Net earnings 

Other comprehensive income, net 

Repurchase of ordinary shares 

Share-based compensation activity 

Dividends declared to noncontrolling interests 

Cash dividends declared ($1.28 per share) 

Other 

Balance at December 31, 2020 

Net earnings 

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net 

Repurchase of ordinary shares 

Share-based compensation activity 

Dividends declared to noncontrolling interests 

Cash dividends declared ($1.44 per share) 

Balance at December 31, 2021 

Net earnings 

Other comprehensive loss, net 

Repurchase of ordinary shares 

Share-based compensation activity 

Dividends declared to noncontrolling interests 

Cash dividends declared ($1.64 per share) 

Balance at December 31, 2022 

$ 

(2.2)

314.5 

61.8
(208.8)  
24.8
(0.3) 
(117.9)  
0.3

832.6 

483.3 
(37.2)  
(412.8)  
25.8
(0.3) 
(129.0)  
762.4 

458.3 
(92.1)  
(61.0)  
21.4
(0.2) 
(144.3)  
944.5  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

0.9 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

0.9 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
(1.9)  
0.4 

— 

— 

— 

91.2 

— 

— 
(3.3)  
0.3 

— 

— 

88.2 

— 

— 
(0.5)  
0.2 

— 

— 

—

—

—
(24.8)  
24.8

—

—

—

—

—

—
(25.8)  
25.8

—

—

—

—

—
(7.5) 
21.4

—

—

$ 

0.9 

87.9  

$ 

13.9  

$ 

(2.2)

314.3 

—
(184.0)  
—

—
(117.9)  
0.3

985.6 

483.0 

—
(387.0)  
—

—
(129.0)  
952.6 

458.0 

—
(53.5)  
—

—
(144.3)  
1,212.8  

$ 

—

—

61.5

—

—

—

—

—
(157.1) 
—
(37.3) 
—

—

—

—
(194.4) 
—
(91.4) 
—

—

—

—
(285.8)  

$

3.0

—

0.2

0.3

—

—

(0.3)

—

—

3.2

0.3

0.1

—

—

(0.3)

—

3.3

0.3

(0.7)

—

—

(0.2)

—

2.7

F-5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2022

2021

2020

$ 

458.3  $ 

483.3  $ 

314.5 

97.9 
— 
— 
7.1 
24.5 
0.2 
(71.3) 
12.6 

(53.4) 
(61.7) 
2.5 
42.8 
459.5 

(64.0) 
(923.1) 
— 
(7.0) 
(994.1) 

83.1 
— 
— 
— 
23.4 
(25.6) 
(43.8) 
8.4 

31.7 
(105.6) 
40.0 
(6.3) 
488.6 

(45.4) 
(6.5) 
7.6 
12.7 
(31.6) 

(12.6) 
340.0 
(271.0) 
— 
600.0 
656.4 
(10.2) 
(143.9) 
(61.0) 
(4.3) 
437.0 
(12.3) 
(109.9) 
397.9 
288.0  $ 

(238.9) 
— 
— 
250.0 
— 
11.1 
(1.9) 
(129.0) 
(412.8) 
3.3 
(529.3) 
(10.2) 
(82.5) 
480.4 
397.9  $ 

81.0 
101.7 
37.3 
— 
20.8 
2.0 
(24.4) 
(6.4) 

(1.9) 
(7.8) 
(1.6) 
(24.9) 
490.3 

(47.1) 
(12.5) 
— 
2.9 
(56.7) 

(0.2) 
— 
— 
— 
— 
(0.2) 
— 
(117.3) 
(208.8) 
4.4 
(321.9) 
10.0 
121.7 
358.7 
480.4 

Allegion plc
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
In millions
For the years ended December 31,
Cash flows from operating activities:

Net earnings
Adjustments to arrive at net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
Loss on assets held for sale
Loss on divestitures
Share-based compensation
Unrealized losses (gains) on investments, net
Deferred income taxes
Other items
Changes in other assets and liabilities:
Accounts and notes receivable
Inventories
Accounts payable
Other assets and liabilities

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities:

Capital expenditures
Acquisition of and equity investments in businesses, net of cash acquired
Proceeds from sale of equity method investment
Other investing activities, net

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities:

Debt repayments, net
Proceeds from 2021 Revolving Facility
Repayments of 2021 Revolving Facility
Proceeds from issuance of 2021 Term Facility
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes

Proceeds from (repayments of) debt, net

Debt financing costs
Dividends paid to ordinary shareholders
Repurchase of ordinary shares
Other financing activities, net

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period

$ 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-6

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF COMPANY AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Allegion plc, an Irish public limited company, and its consolidated subsidiaries ("Allegion" or "the Company") are a leading 
global company that provides security products and solutions that keep people and assets safe and secure in the places they live, 
learn, work and visit. Allegion creates peace of mind by pioneering safety and security with a vision of seamless access and a 
safer  world.  The  Company  offers  an  extensive  and  versatile  portfolio  of  security  and  access  control  products  and  solutions 
across a range of market-leading brands including CISA®, Interflex®, LCN®, Schlage®, SimonsVoss® and Von Duprin®.

Basis of presentation: The Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") as defined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") within 
the FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC").

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The  following  is  a  summary  of  significant  accounting  policies  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  accompanying  Consolidated 
Financial Statements:

Principles  of  Consolidation:  The  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  include  all  controlled  subsidiaries  of  the  Company.  A 
noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is considered an ownership interest in a controlled subsidiary that is not attributable to 
the  Company.  The  Company  includes  noncontrolling  interests  as  a  component  of  Total  equity  in  the  Consolidated  Balance 
Sheets and the Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests are presented as an adjustment from Net earnings used to 
arrive at Net earnings attributable to Allegion plc in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. 

Equity method affiliates represent unconsolidated entities over which the Company demonstrates significant influence but does 
not have a controlling interest. The Company is also required to consolidate variable interest entities in which it bears a majority 
of the risk to the entity’s potential losses or stands to gain from a majority of the entity’s expected returns.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates 
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities 
at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. 
Estimates  are  based  on  several  factors  including  the  facts  and  circumstances  available  at  the  time  the  estimates  are  made, 
historical experience, risk of loss, general economic conditions and trends and the assessment of the probable future outcome. 
Some  of  the  more  significant  estimates  include  useful  lives  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  intangible  assets,  purchase 
price  allocations  of  acquired  businesses,  valuation  of  assets  and  liabilities  including  goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets, 
product  warranties,  sales  allowances,  assets  and  liabilities  related  to  defined  benefit  plans,  taxes,  lease  related  assets  and 
liabilities, share-based compensation, environmental costs, product liability and other contingencies. Actual results could differ 
from  the  Company's  estimates.  Estimates  and  assumptions  are  reviewed  periodically,  and  the  effects  of  changes,  if  any,  are 
reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income in the period they are determined.

Currency Translation: Assets and liabilities where the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar have been translated at year-
end exchange rates, and income and expense accounts have been translated using average exchange rates throughout the year. 
Adjustments  resulting  from  the  process  of  translating  a  subsidiary’s  financial  statements  into  the  U.S.  dollar  are  recorded  to 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss. 

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are a result of the effect of exchange rate changes on transactions denominated in 
currencies other than the functional currency. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in Other income (expense), net, in the 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income in the period they are incurred.

Cash  and  Cash  Equivalents:  Cash  and  cash  equivalents  include  cash  on  hand,  demand  deposits  and  all  highly  liquid 
investments with original maturities at the time of purchase of three months or less.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: The Company provides for an allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable, which 
represents  the  best  estimate  of  expected  lifetime  credit  losses  inherent  in  the  Company’s  accounts  and  notes  receivable 
portfolios.  The  Company's  estimates  are influenced  by  a  continuing  credit  evaluation  of  customers'  financial condition,  trade 
accounts  and  notes  receivable  aging  and  historical  loss  experience,  as  well  as  reasonable  and  supportable  forecasts  of  future 
economic conditions. The Company has reserved $6.0 million and $5.4 million for doubtful accounts and notes receivable as of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. 

Property,  Plant  and  Equipment:  Property,  plant  and  equipment  are  stated  at  cost,  less  accumulated  depreciation.  Assets 
placed in service are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset 
except  for  leasehold  improvements,  which  are  depreciated  over  the  shorter  of  their  economic  useful  life  or  their  lease  term. 

F-7

Repair and maintenance costs that do not extend the useful life of the asset are expensed as incurred. Major replacements and 
significant improvements that increase asset values and/or extend useful lives are capitalized. The range of useful lives used to 
depreciate property, plant and equipment is as follows:

Buildings
Machinery and equipment
Software

10
2
2

to
to
to

50
12
7

years
years
years

The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of its property, plant and equipment whenever events or changes 
in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be fully recoverable. Recoverability is measured by a 
comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. 
If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized for the amount 
by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value.

Investments:  The  Company  periodically  invests  in  debt  or  equity  securities  of  start-up  companies  and/or  development  stage 
technology or other companies without acquiring a controlling interest. The Company applies the equity method of accounting 
when  the  Company  has  the  ability  to  exercise  significant  influence  over  the  operating  and  financial  decision  making  of  the 
investee. Investments in equity method affiliates totaled $11.8 million and $11.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, 
respectively.  Equity  investments  that  have  readily  determinable  fair  values  in  which  the  Company  does  not  have  significant 
influence  are  measured  at  fair  value,  with  any  unrealized  holding  gains  and  losses  being  recorded  to  earnings.  Investments 
without readily determinable fair values are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from 
observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer and are qualitatively 
assessed for impairment indicators each reporting period. Investments in debt and equity securities not accounted for under the 
equity  method  of  accounting  totaled  $46.8  million  and  $35.8  million  as  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  respectively.  The 
Company's investments are recorded within Other noncurrent assets within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Leases:  As  a  lessee,  the  Company  categorizes  its  leases  into  two  general  categories:  real  estate  and  equipment  leases.  The 
Company's real estate leases include leased production and assembly facilities, warehouses and distribution centers and office 
space, while the Company's equipment leases primarily include vehicles, material handling and other equipment utilized in the 
Company's  production  and  assembly  facilities,  warehouses  and  distribution  centers  and  laptops  and  other  IT  equipment.  The 
Company records a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and lease liability for substantially all leases for which it is a lessee. At inception 
of a contract, the Company considers all relevant facts and circumstances to assess whether or not the contract represents a lease 
by  determining  whether  or  not  the  contract  conveys  the  right  to  control  the  use  of  an  identified  asset  for  a  period  of  time  in 
exchange for consideration. The Company assesses the specific terms and conditions of each lease to determine the appropriate 
classification as either an operating or finance lease and the lease term. Substantially all of the Company's leases for which the 
Company is a lessee are classified as operating leases. If at lease commencement date, a lease has a term of less than 12 months 
and does not include a purchase option that is reasonably certain to be exercised, the Company does not include the lease as part 
of its ROU asset or lease liability. If the Company enters into a large number of leases in the same month with the same terms 
and  conditions,  these  are  considered  a  group  (portfolio).  There  are  no  material  residual  value  guarantees  provided  by  the 
Company nor any restrictions or covenants imposed by any leases to which the Company is a party. 

The Company assesses the specific terms and conditions of each real estate lease, which can vary significantly from lease to 
lease, to determine the amount of the lease payments and the length of the lease term, which includes the minimum period over 
which  lease  payments  are  required  plus  any  renewal  options  that  are  both  within  the  Company's  control  to  exercise  and 
reasonably certain of being exercised upon lease commencement. When available, the Company will utilize the rate implicit in 
the lease as the discount rate to determine the lease liability; however, as this rate is not available for most leases, the Company 
will  use  its  incremental  borrowing  rate  for  debt  instruments  with  terms  approximating  the  weighted-average  term  of  its  real 
estate or equipment leases to discount the future lease payments over the lease term to present value. The Company does incur 
variable lease payments for certain of its real estate leases, such as reimbursements of property taxes, maintenance and other 
operational costs to the lessor. In general, these variable lease payments are not captured as part of the lease liability or ROU 
asset,  but  rather  are  expensed  as  incurred.  Most  of  the  Company's  equipment  leases  are  for  terms  ranging  from  two  to  five 
years, although terms and conditions can vary from lease to lease. The Company applies similar estimates and judgments to its 
equipment lease portfolio in determining the lease payments, lease term and incremental borrowing rate as it does to its real 
estate lease portfolio. The Company does not typically incur variable lease payments related to its equipment leases. 

Goodwill: The Company records as goodwill the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the fair value of the 
net assets acquired. Once the final valuation has been performed for each acquisition, adjustments may be recorded. Goodwill is 
tested and reviewed annually for impairment during the fourth quarter or whenever there is a significant change in events or 
circumstances  that  indicate  the  fair  value  of  a  reporting  unit  is  more  likely  than  not  less  than  its  carrying  amount. 
Recoverability of goodwill is measured at the reporting unit level. The carrying amount of a reporting unit is compared to its 
estimated fair value. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is 

F-8

not impaired. To the extent that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, a goodwill impairment 
charge will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed 
the  carrying  amount  of  the  reporting  unit's  goodwill.  Estimated  fair  value  of  the  Company's  reporting  units  is  based  on  two 
valuation techniques, a discounted cash flow model (income approach) and a market multiple of earnings (market approach), 
with each method being weighted in the calculation. 

Intangible  Assets:  Similar  to  Goodwill,  indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  are  not  amortized,  but  are  tested  and  reviewed 
annually  for  impairment  during  the  fourth  quarter  or  whenever  there  is  a  significant  change  in  events  or  circumstances  that 
indicate the asset is more likely than not less than its carrying amount. Recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets (i.e. 
Trade names) is determined on a relief from royalty methodology, which is based on the implied royalty paid, at an appropriate 
discount rate, to license the use of an asset rather than owning the asset. The present value of the after-tax cost savings (i.e. 
royalty relief) indicates the estimated fair value of the asset. Any excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value is 
recognized as an impairment loss equal to that excess. 
Intangible  assets  such  as  completed  technologies,  patents,  customer-related  intangible  assets  and  other  intangible  assets  with 
finite useful lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic lives. The weighted-average useful lives 
approximate the following:

Customer relationships
Trade names (finite-lived)
Completed technologies/patents
Other

20 years
15 years
10 years
5 years

Recoverability of intangible assets with finite useful lives is assessed in the same manner as property, plant and equipment, as 
described above.

Business  Combinations:  The  fair  value  of  consideration  paid  in  a  business  combination  is  allocated  to  the  tangible  and 
identifiable intangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and goodwill using the acquisition method of accounting. Acquired 
intangible assets typically include trade names, customer relationships and completed technologies. The accounting for business 
combinations  involves  a  considerable  amount  of  judgment  and  estimation,  and  as  a  result,  for  significant  acquisitions  the 
Company normally obtains the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist in estimating fair values of acquired tangible and 
intangible assets and assumed liabilities. The allocation of consideration paid to assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be 
subject to revision based on the final determination of fair values during the measurement period, which in some cases, may be 
up to one year from the acquisition date. Business acquisition and integration costs are expensed as incurred. 

Income Taxes: The calculation of the Company’s income taxes involves considerable judgment and the use of both estimates 
and allocations. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between financial reporting 
and tax bases of assets and liabilities, applying enacted tax rates expected to be in effect for the year in which the differences 
are expected to reverse. The Company recognizes future tax benefits, such as net operating losses and tax credits, to the extent 
that  realizing  these  benefits  is  considered  in  its  judgment  to  be  more  likely  than  not.  The  Company  regularly  reviews  the 
recoverability  of  its  deferred  tax  assets  considering  its  historic  profitability,  projected  future  taxable  income,  timing  of  the 
reversals of existing temporary differences and the feasibility of its tax planning strategies. Where appropriate, the Company 
records a valuation allowance with respect to future tax benefits.

Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $81.7 million, 
$89.1 million and $82.6 million, respectively.  

Product  Warranties:  The  Company  offers  a  standard  warranty  with  most  product  sales,  and  the  value  of  such  warranty  is 
included in the contractual sales price. Standard product warranty accruals are recorded at the time of sale and are estimated 
based  upon  product  warranty  terms  and  historical  experience.  The  Company  regularly  assesses  the  adequacy  of  its  liabilities 
and makes adjustments as necessary based on known or anticipated warranty claims, or as new information becomes available. 

Revenue Recognition: Net revenues are recognized based on the satisfaction of performance obligations under the terms of a 
contract. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer control of a distinct product or to provide a service, or a 
bundle  of  products  or  services,  to  a  customer.  The  Company  has  two  principal  revenue  streams,  tangible  product  sales  and 
services. Product sales involve contracts with a single performance obligation, the transfer of control of a product or bundle of 
products to a customer. Transfer of control typically occurs when goods are shipped from the Company's facilities or at other 
predetermined  control  transfer  points  (for  instance,  destination  terms).  Service  offerings  include  inspection,  maintenance  and 
repair, aftermarket, design and installation and locksmith services, as well as software as a service ("SaaS") solutions. Unlike 
the  single  performance  obligation  to  ship  a  product  or  bundle  of  products,  revenue  recognition  related  to  services  is  delayed 
until the service based performance obligations are satisfied. In some instances, customer acceptance provisions are included in 
sales arrangements to give the buyer the ability to ensure the service meets any established criteria. In these instances, revenue 

F-9

recognition  is  deferred  until the performance obligations  are satisfied,  which  could  include acceptance terms  specified  in  the 
arrangement being fulfilled through customer acceptance or a demonstration that established criteria have been satisfied.

Net revenues are measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring control of the 
products  or  providing  the  services  and  takes  into  account  variable  consideration,  such  as  sales  incentive  programs  including 
discounts  and  volume  rebates.  The  existence  of  these  programs  does  not  preclude  revenue  recognition  but  does  require  the 
Company's best estimate of the variable consideration to be made based on expected activity, as these items are reserved for as 
a deduction to Net revenues based on the Company's historical rates of providing these incentives and annual forecasted sales 
volumes.  Sales  returns  and  customer  disputes  involving  a  question  of  quantity  or  price  are  accounted  for  as  variable 
consideration, and therefore, as a reduction to Net revenues and as a contra receivable. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the 
Company had a reserve for customer claims of $43.5 million and $47.7 million, respectively. All other incentives or incentive 
programs where the customer is required to reach a certain level of purchases, remain a customer for a certain period, provide a 
rebate  form  or  is  subject  to  additional  requirements  are  also  considered  variable  consideration  and  are  accounted  for  as  a 
reduction  of  revenue  and  a  liability.  At  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  the  Company  had  a  sales  incentive  accrual  of  $60.4 
million  and  $38.0  million,  respectively.  These  estimates  are  reviewed  regularly  for  accuracy,  and  if  updated  information  or 
actual  amounts  are  different  from  previous  estimates,  the  revisions  are  included  in  the  Company’s  results  for  the  period  in 
which they become known. 

As a practical expedient, the Company recognizes incremental costs of obtaining a contract, if any, as an expense when incurred 
if  the  amortization  period  of  the asset  would  have  been  one  year  or  less.  The  Company  also  applies  the  practical  expedients 
allowed  under  ASC  606,  "Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers",  to  omit  the  disclosure  of  remaining  performance 
obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less and for contracts where the Company has the 
right to invoice for performance completed to date. The transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing 
component, as the time period between control transfer of goods and services is less than one year. Sales, value-added and other 
similar taxes collected by the Company are excluded from Net revenues. The Company has also elected to account for shipping 
and  handling  activities  that  occur  after  control  of  the  related  goods  transfers  as  fulfillment  activities  instead  of  performance 
obligations. These activities are included in Cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The 
Company’s payment terms are generally consistent with the industries in which its businesses operate. 

Environmental Costs: The Company is subject to laws and regulations relating to protecting the environment and is dedicated 
to an environmental program to reduce the utilization and generation of hazardous materials during the manufacturing process 
and to remediate identified environmental concerns. The Company is currently engaged in site investigations and remediation 
activities to address environmental cleanup from past operations at current and former production facilities. The Company is 
also sometimes a party to environmental lawsuits and claims and has, from time to time, received notices of potential violations 
of environmental laws and regulations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and similar state authorities. It has also 
been  identified  as  a  potentially  responsible  party  ("PRP")  for  cleanup  costs  associated  with  off-site  waste  disposal  at  federal 
Superfund and state remediation sites for past operations. For all such sites, there are other PRPs and, in most instances, the 
Company’s  involvement  is  minimal.  In  estimating  its  liability,  the  Company  has  assumed  it  will  not  bear  the  entire  cost  of 
remediation of any site to the exclusion of other PRPs who may be jointly and severally liable. The ability of other PRPs to 
participate has been taken into account, based on the Company's understanding of the parties’ financial condition and probable 
contributions  on  a  per  site  basis.  The  Company  regularly  evaluates  its  remediation  programs  and  considers  alternative 
remediation methods that are in addition to, or in replacement of, those currently utilized by the Company based upon enhanced 
technology and regulatory changes.

Environmental expenditures relating to current operations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. Expenditures relating to 
existing conditions caused by past operations, which do not contribute to current or future revenues, are expensed. Liabilities 
for  remediation  costs  are  recorded  when  they  are  probable  and  can  be  reasonably  estimated,  generally  no  later  than  the 
completion of feasibility studies or the Company’s commitment to a plan of action. The assessment of this liability, which is 
calculated based on existing technology, does not reflect any offset for possible recoveries from insurance companies and is not 
discounted. 

Research and Development Costs: The Company conducts research and development activities for the purpose of developing 
and improving new products and services. These costs are expensed when incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 
2021  and  2020,  expenses  related  to  research  and  development  activities  amounted  to  approximately  $74.5  million,  $73.3 
million and $54.4 million, respectively, and primarily consisted of salaries, wages, benefits, facility costs and other overhead 
expenses. 

Defined Benefit Plans: The Company provides a range of U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit plan benefits to eligible current 
and  former  employees.  Noncontributory  defined  benefit  pension  plans  covering  non-collectively  bargained  U.S.  employees 
provide benefits based on an average pay formula while most plans for collectively bargained U.S. employees provide benefits 
based  on  a  flat  dollar  benefit  formula.  The  non-U.S.  defined  benefit  plans  generally  provide  benefits  based  on  earnings  and 
years of service. Determining the costs associated with such benefits is dependent on various actuarial assumptions, including 

F-10

discount  rates,  expected  returns  on  plan  assets,  employee  mortality  and  turnover  rates.  Actuarial  valuations  are  performed  to 
determine the plan obligations and expense in accordance with GAAP. Actual results may differ from the actuarial estimates 
and assumptions, and when they do, are generally recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive loss and amortized into Net 
earnings over future periods. 

The  Company  reviews  its  actuarial  assumptions  at  each  measurement  date  and  makes  modifications  to  the  assumptions  as 
appropriate.  Discount  rates  are  generally  established  using  hypothetical  yield  curves  based  on  the  yields  of  corporate  bonds 
rated AA quality. Spot rates are developed from the yield curve and used to discount future benefit payments. The expected 
return  on  plan  assets  reflects  the  average  rate  of  returns  expected  on  the  funds  invested  or  to  be  invested  to  provide  for  the 
benefits included in the projected benefit obligation. The expected return on plan assets is based on what is achievable given the 
plan’s investment policy, the types of assets held and the target asset allocation. 

Share-Based  Compensation:  The  Company  records  share-based  compensation  awards  using  a  fair  value  method  and 
recognizes  compensation  expense  for  an  amount  equal  to  the  fair  value  of  the  share-based  payment  award  issued.  The 
Company’s share-based compensation plans include programs for stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance 
stock  units  ("PSUs")  and  deferred  compensation.  The  fair  value  of  each  of  the  Company’s  stock  option  and  RSU  awards  is 
expensed on a straight-line basis over the required service period, which is generally the 3-year vesting period. However, for 
stock options and RSUs granted to retirement eligible employees, the Company recognizes expense for the fair value of these 
awards at the grant date. The Company's Performance Stock Program ("PSP") provides awards for key employees in the form 
of PSUs based on performance against pre-established objectives. The annual target award level is expressed as a number of the 
Company's ordinary shares. All PSUs are settled in the form of ordinary shares.  

Loss  Contingencies:  Liabilities  are  recorded  for  various  contingencies  arising  in  the  normal  course  of  business,  including 
litigation and administrative proceedings, environmental matters, product liabilities, product warranties, workers' compensation 
and other claims. The Company has recorded reserves in the financial statements related to these matters, which are developed 
using  inputs  derived  from  actuarial  estimates  and  historical  and  anticipated  experience  data,  depending  on  the  nature  of  the 
reserve and, in certain instances, with consultation of legal counsel, internal and external consultants and engineers. Amounts 
recorded  for  identified  contingent  liabilities  are  estimates,  which  are  reviewed  periodically  and  adjusted  to  reflect  additional 
information when it becomes available.  

Financial Instruments: The Company uses various financial instruments, including derivative instruments, to manage the risks 
associated  with  interest  and  currency  rate  exposures.  These  financial  instruments  are  not  used  for  trading  or  speculative 
purposes. When a derivative contract is entered into, the Company designates the derivative instrument as a cash flow hedge of 
a forecasted transaction, a cash flow hedge of a recognized asset or liability or as an undesignated derivative. The Company 
formally documents its hedge relationships, including identification of the derivative instruments and the hedged items, as well 
as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transaction. This process includes linking derivative 
instruments that are designated as hedges to specific assets, liabilities or forecasted transactions.

The  Company  assesses  at  inception  and  at  least  quarterly  thereafter,  whether  the  derivatives  used  in  cash  flow  hedging 
transactions are effective in offsetting the changes in the cash flows of the hedged item. To the extent the derivative is deemed 
to be an effective hedge, the fair market value changes of the instrument are recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive loss 
and subsequently reclassified to Net earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Changes in the fair market value of 
derivatives not deemed to be an effective hedge are recorded in Net earnings in the period of change. The Company recognizes 
all  derivative  instruments  on  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  at  their  fair  value,  which  is  determined  through  market-based 
valuations and may not be representative of the actual gains or losses that will be recorded when these instruments mature due 
to future fluctuations in the markets in which they are traded. If the hedging relationship ceases to be effective subsequent to 
inception,  or  it  becomes  probable  that  a  forecasted  transaction  will  no  longer  occur,  the  hedging  relationship  will  be 
undesignated, and any future gains or losses on the derivative instrument will be recorded in Net earnings. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements:

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets 
and  Contract  Liabilities  from  Contracts  with  Customers."  This  ASU  requires  contract  assets  and  contract  liabilities  (e.g., 
deferred revenue) acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in 
accordance with ASC 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers". Generally, this new guidance will result in the acquirer 
recognizing  contract  assets  and  contract  liabilities  at  the  same  amounts  recorded  by  the  acquiree.  Historically,  such  amounts 
were  recognized  by  the  acquirer  at  fair  value  in  purchase  accounting.  This  ASU  is  effective  for  fiscal  years  beginning  after 
December  15,  2022,  including  interim  periods  within  those  fiscal  years.  Early  adoption  is  permitted,  including  in  interim 
periods,  for  any  financial  statements  that  have  not  yet  been  issued.  The  Company  elected  to  early  adopt  ASU  2021-08  on 
January 1, 2022, and as such, applied this new guidance to the Access Technologies business combination (see Note 3), which 
did not result in a material impact to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.

F-11

NOTE 3 - ACQUISITIONS

On July 5, 2022, the Company, through its subsidiaries, completed the acquisition of Stanley Access Technologies LLC and 
assets  related  to  the automatic entrance solutions  business  from Stanley  Black  & Decker,  Inc.  (the "Access  Technologies 
business").  The total preliminary  cash  consideration  paid  for  the acquisition  was  $923.1  million,  and  the acquisition  was 
accounted for as a business combination.

The Access Technologies business is a leading manufacturer, installer and service provider of automatic entrance solutions in 
North America, primarily in the U.S. and Canada. Its diversified customer base centers on non-residential settings, including 
retail, healthcare, education, commercial offices, hospitality and government. This acquisition helps the Company create a more 
comprehensive portfolio of access solutions with the addition of automated entrances. Additionally, the Access Technologies 
business adds an expansive service and support network throughout the U.S. and Canada, broadening the Company's solutions 
to national, regional and local customers and complementing the Company's existing strengths in these non-residential markets. 
The Access Technologies business has been integrated into the Allegion Americas segment.

The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of 
the acquisition date:

In millions
Accounts receivable, net

Inventories

Other current assets

Property, plant and equipment

Goodwill

Intangible assets

Other noncurrent assets

Accounts payable

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Other noncurrent liabilities

Total net assets acquired and liabilities assumed

$ 

$ 

69.9 

50.8 

0.3 

14.7 

631.5 

222.5 

8.8 

(20.8) 

(31.5) 

(23.1) 

923.1 

The valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed has not yet been finalized as of December 31, 2022. Finalization of the 
valuation  during  the  measurement  period  could  result  in  a  change  in  the  amounts  recorded  for  acquired  working  capital 
balances,  goodwill,  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities,  among  other  items.  The  completion  of  the  valuation  will  occur  no  later 
than one year from the acquisition date. Intangible assets recognized as of the acquisition date were comprised of the following:

Completed technologies/patents
Customer relationships
Trade names (finite-lived)

Backlog revenue

Value (in 
millions)

Useful life (in 
years)

$ 

6.2 
137.4
56.8

22.1

5
23
5

2

Goodwill results from several factors, including Allegion-specific synergies that were excluded from the cash flow projections
used in the valuation of intangible assets and intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as an assembled
workforce. Goodwill resulting from this acquisition is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The  following  unaudited  pro  forma  financial  information  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  reflects  the 
consolidated results of operations of the Company as if this acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2021: 

In millions
Net revenues
Net earnings attributable to Allegion plc

2022

2021

$ 

3,449.0  $ 
479.3

3,203.2 
437.6

The  unaudited  pro  forma  financial  information  is  presented  for  informational  purposes  only  and  does  not  purport  to  be 
indicative of results of operations that would have occurred had the pro forma events taken place on the date indicated or the 
future  consolidated  results  of  operations  of  the  combined  company.  The  unaudited  pro  forma  financial  information  has  been 
calculated  after  applying  the  Company's  accounting  policies  and  adjusting  the  historical  financial  results  to  reflect  additional 
items directly attributable to the acquisition that would have been incurred assuming the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 
2021. Adjustments to historical financial information for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, include:

F-12

In millions
Intangible asset amortization expense, net of tax
Interest expense, net of tax
Acquisition and integration costs, net of tax
Inventory fair value step-up amortization, net of tax

$ 

2022

2021

(10.1)  $ 
(9.4) 
21.6 
4.5 

(23.3) 
(27.7) 
(21.6) 
(4.5) 

The  following  financial  information  reflects  the  Net  revenues  and  Earnings  before  income  taxes  generated  by  the  Access 
Technologies  business  since  the  acquisition  date  included  within  the  Company's  Consolidated  Statement  of  Comprehensive 
Income for the year ended December 31, 2022:

In millions
Net revenues
Earnings before income taxes

$ 

185.9 
1.5 

Intangible asset amortization of $18.1 million and amortization of $6.0 million related to a fair value of inventory step-up are 
included in the Earnings before income taxes amount presented above, while acquisition and integration related expenses and 
Interest expense related to acquisition financing are excluded from this amount.

In July 2021, the Company acquired, through its subsidiaries, certain assets of Astrum Benelux B.V. ("Astum Benelux") and 
100%  of  the  equity  of  WorkforceIT  B.V.  in  the  Netherlands  ("WorkforceIT"),  both  of  which  were  previously  held  under 
common control and offer workforce management technology products and solutions in the Benelux region of Europe. Neither 
the  assets  from  Astrum  Benelux  nor  the  acquisition  of  WorkforceIT  had  a  material  impact  on  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements. Both WorkforceIT and the assets acquired from Astrum Benelux were accounted for as a business combination and 
have been integrated into the Allegion International segment.

In  December  2020,  the  Company  acquired  the  remaining  interest  of  Yonomi,  Inc.  ("Yonomi"),  a  U.S.  based  smart  home 
integration platform provider and innovation leader in IoT Cloud platforms, through one of its subsidiaries. Prior to acquisition, 
the Company held a noncontrolling interest in Yonomi that was considered an equity method investment. This acquisition was 
accounted for as a business combination and did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. Yonomi 
has been integrated into the Allegion Americas segment.

During  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020,  the  Company  incurred  $30.5  million,  $4.4  million  and  $2.3 
million, respectively, of acquisition and integration related expenses, which are included in Selling and administrative expenses 
in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. 

NOTE 4 – INVENTORIES

At December 31, the major classes of Inventories were as follows:

In millions
Raw materials
Work-in-process
Finished goods

Total

NOTE 5 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

At December 31, the major classes of property, plant and equipment were as follows:

In millions
Land
Buildings
Machinery and equipment
Software
Construction in progress

Total property, plant and equipment

Accumulated depreciation

Property, plant and equipment, net

2022

2021

212.2  $ 

41.7 
225.1 
479.0  $ 

144.4 
42.2 
193.8 
380.4 

2022

2021

18.3 
173.2 
463.8 
160.2 
60.1 
875.6 
(566.9) 
308.7 

$ 

$ 

16.5 
177.0 
451.1 
152.6 
30.5 
827.7 
(544.0) 
283.7 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Depreciation  expense  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020,  was  $45.7  million,  $45.2  million  and  $46.5 
million, which includes amounts for software depreciation of $12.3 million, $11.5 million and $13.5 million, respectively.

F-13

NOTE 6 – GOODWILL

The changes in the carrying amount of Goodwill were as follows:

In millions
December 31, 2020 (gross)
Accumulated impairment
December 31, 2020 (net)
Acquisitions and adjustments
Currency translation
December 31, 2021 (net)
Acquisitions and adjustments
Currency translation
December 31, 2022 (net)

Allegion Americas

Allegion International

Total

$ 

$ 

501.1  $ 
— 
501.1 
0.1 
— 
501.2 
631.5 
(4.6) 
1,128.1  $ 

891.5  $ 
(573.6) 
317.9 
4.6 
(19.9) 
302.6 
— 
(17.6) 
285.0  $ 

1,392.6 
(573.6) 
819.0 
4.7 
(19.9) 
803.8 
631.5 
(22.2) 
1,413.1 

As previously disclosed, as a result of the global economic disruption and uncertainty due to the COVID-19 pandemic arising 
during the first quarter of 2020, the Company concluded a triggering event had occurred as of March 31, 2020, and performed 
interim impairment tests on the goodwill balances, at that time, of its previous EMEA and Asia Pacific reporting units (which 
were  combined  to  form  the  new  Allegion  International  segment  effective  January  1,  2021).  The  results  of  the  interim 
impairment testing indicated that the estimated fair value of the former Asia Pacific reporting unit was less than its carrying 
value.  Consequently,  a  goodwill  impairment  charge  of  $88.1  million  was  recorded,  which  is  included  in  Impairment  of 
goodwill and intangible assets in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2020. 

NOTE 7 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS

At December 31, the gross amount of the Company's intangible assets and related accumulated amortization were as follows:

In millions
Completed technologies/patents
Customer relationships
Trade names (finite-lived)
Other
Total finite-lived intangible assets
Trade names (indefinite-lived)
Total

2022

2021

Gross carrying 
amount

Accumulated 
amortization

Net carrying 
amount

Gross carrying 
amount

Accumulated 
amortization

Net carrying 
amount

$ 

$ 

63.0  $ 
515.0 
135.7 
71.2 
784.9  $ 
110.4 
895.3 

(32.1)  $ 
(155.8) 
(62.6) 
(35.9) 
(286.4) 

$ 

30.9  $ 
359.2 
73.1 
35.3 
498.5 
110.4 
608.9  $ 

57.9  $ 
395.9 
84.0 
45.8 
583.6  $ 
113.9 
697.5 

(28.8)  $ 
(141.6) 
(56.9) 
(22.7) 
(250.0) 

$ 

29.1 
254.3 
27.1 
23.1 
333.6 
113.9 
447.5 

Intangible asset amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was $49.4 million, $34.0 million 
and  $31.5  million,  respectively.  Intangible  asset  amortization  expense  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  included 
$18.1 million related to intangible assets acquired as part of the Access Technologies business acquisition. 

Future  estimated  amortization  expense  on  existing  intangible  assets  in  each  of  the  next  five  years  amounts  to  approximately 
$58.8 million for 2023, $54.1 million for 2024, $48.3 million for 2025, $45.1 million for 2026 and $38.2 million for 2027.  

No intangible asset impairment charges were recorded in either of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. However, as 
previously  disclosed,  as  a  result  of  the  global  economic  disruption  and  uncertainty  due  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  the 
Company concluded a triggering event had occurred as of March 31, 2020, and performed interim impairment testing on certain 
indefinite-lived  trade  names.  Impairment  charges  of  $8.2  million  were  recorded  as  a  result  of  these  interim  tests.  Additional 
intangible asset impairment charges of $5.4 million were recorded in 2020, relating to supply chain disruptions, which reduced 
a brand's expected future cash flows, and declines in volumes and pricing pressure for a separate subsidiary. Intangible asset 
impairment  charges  are  included  in  Impairment  of  goodwill  and  intangible  assets  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2020. 

NOTE 8 - DIVESTITURES

In September 2022, the Company sold Milre Systek Co. Ltd. ("Milre") in South Korea for an immaterial amount. As a result of 
the sale, the Company recorded a Loss on divestiture of $7.6 million, of which $1.6 million related to the reclassification of 
accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments to earnings upon sale. This divestiture is not expected to have a material 
impact on the Company's future results of operations or cash flows.

F-14

During the fourth quarter of 2020, the net assets of the Company's Qatar Metal Industries ("QMI") business, met the criteria to 
be classified as held for sale, and accordingly, were written down to fair value, resulting in a Loss on assets held for sale in 
2020 of $37.9 million. On February 28, 2021, the Company completed its divestiture of QMI. The completion of the divestiture 
did not have a material impact to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2021.

NOTE 9 – DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES

At December 31, long-term debt and other borrowings consisted of the following:

In millions
2021 Term Facility
2021 Revolving Facility
3.200% Senior Notes due 2024
3.550% Senior Notes due 2027

3.500% Senior Notes due 2029
5.411% Senior Notes due 2032
Other debt
Total borrowings outstanding
Discounts and debt issuance costs, net
Total debt
Less current portion of long-term debt
Total long-term debt

Unsecured Credit Facilities 

2022

2021

237.5  $ 

69.0 
400.0 
400.0 
400.0 
600.0 
0.2 
2,106.7 
(12.2) 
2,094.5 
12.6 
2,081.9  $ 

250.0 
— 
400.0 
400.0 
400.0 
— 
0.3 
1,450.3 
(8.2) 
1,442.1 
12.6 
1,429.5 

$ 

$ 

As of December 31, 2022, the Company has an unsecured Credit Agreement in place, consisting of a $250.0 million term loan 
facility  (the  “2021  Term  Facility”),  of  which  $237.5  million  was  outstanding  at  December  31,  2022,  and  a  $500.0  million 
revolving credit facility (the “2021 Revolving Facility” and, together with the 2021 Term Facility, the “2021 Credit Facilities”). 
Borrowings  under  the  2021  Credit  Facilities  mature  on  November  18,  2026,  and  are  unconditionally  guaranteed  jointly  and 
severally  on  an  unsecured  basis  by  Allegion  plc  and  Allegion  US  Holding  Company  Inc.  ("Allegion  US  Hold  Co"),  the 
Company's wholly-owned subsidiary. The 2021 Term Facility amortizes in quarterly installments at the following rates: 1.25% 
per quarter starting March 31, 2022 through March 31, 2025, 2.5% per quarter starting June 30, 2025 through September 30, 
2026, with the balance due on November 18, 2026. The Company may voluntarily prepay outstanding amounts under the 2021 
Term Facility at any time without premium or penalty, subject to customary breakage costs. Amounts borrowed under the 2021 
Term Facility that are repaid may not be reborrowed. The Company repaid $12.5 million of principal on the 2021 Term Facility 
during the year ended December 31, 2022.  

The 2021 Revolving Facility provides aggregate commitments of up to $500.0 million, which includes up to $100.0 million for 
the issuance of letters of credit. On July 1, 2022, the Company borrowed $340.0 million under the 2021 Revolving Facility to 
partially fund the acquisition of the Access Technologies business. The Company subsequently repaid $271.0 million, resulting 
in $69.0 million of borrowings outstanding on the 2021 Revolving Facility as of December 31, 2022. The Company also had 
$13.2 million of letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 2022. Outstanding borrowings under the 2021 Revolving Facility 
may be repaid at any time without premium or penalty, and amounts repaid may be reborrowed. The Company pays certain fees 
with respect to the 2021 Revolving Facility, including an unused commitment fee on the undrawn portion of between 0.090% 
and 0.200% per year, depending on the Company's credit ratings, as well as certain other fees. 

Outstanding  borrowings  under  the  2021  Credit  Facilities  accrue  interest,  at  the  option  of  the  Company,  of  (i)  a  Bloomberg 
Short-Term Bank Yield Index (“BSBY”) rate plus an applicable margin, or (ii) a base rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) 
plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin ranges from 0.875% to 1.375% depending on the Company's credit ratings. 
At December 31, 2022, the Company's outstanding borrowings under the 2021 Credit Facilities accrued interest at BSBY plus a 
margin  of  1.125%,  resulting  in  an  interest  rate  of  5.498%.  The  Credit  Agreement  also  contains  negative  and  affirmative 
covenants  and  events  of  default  that,  among  other  things,  limit  or  restrict  the  Company’s  ability  to  enter  into  certain 
transactions.  In  addition,  the  Credit  Agreement  requires  the  Company  to  comply  with  a  maximum  leverage  ratio  as  defined 
within the agreement. As of December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.

Senior Notes

On June 22, 2022, Allegion US Hold Co issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.411% Senior Notes due 2032 
(the  “5.411%  Senior  Notes”)  to  partially  fund  the  acquisition  of  the  Access  Technologies  business,  in  addition  to  the 
$340.0  million  drawn  on  the  2021  Revolving  Facility,  as  discussed  above.  The  5.411%  Senior  Notes  require  semi-annual 
interest payments on January 1 and July 1, beginning January 1, 2023, and will mature on July 1, 2032. The Company incurred 
and deferred $5.9 million of discounts and financing costs associated with the 5.411% Senior Notes, which will be amortized to 

F-15

Interest expense over their 10-year term, as well as $4.3 million of third party financing costs that were recorded within Interest 
expense on the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. The 5.411% Senior Notes are senior unsecured obligations 
of  Allegion  US  Hold  Co  and  rank  equally  with  all of  Allegion  US  Hold  Co’s  existing  and  future senior  unsecured  and 
unsubordinated indebtedness. The guarantee of the 5.411% Senior Notes is the senior unsecured obligation of Allegion plc and 
ranks equally with all of the Company’s existing and future senior unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness.

As of December 31, 2022, Allegion US Hold Co also has $400.0 million outstanding of its 3.200% Senior Notes due 2024 (the 
“3.200%  Senior  Notes”)  and  $400.0  million  outstanding  of  its  3.550%  Senior  Notes  due 2027  (the “3.550%  Senior  Notes”), 
while Allegion plc has $400.0 million outstanding of its 3.500% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “3.500% Senior Notes”, and all 
four senior notes collectively, the "Senior Notes"). The 3.200% Senior Notes, 3.550% Senior Notes and 3.500% Senior Notes 
all require semi-annual interest payments on April 1 and October 1 of each year and will mature on October 1, 2024, October 1, 
2027,  and  October  1,  2029,  respectively.  The 3.200%  Senior  Notes  and  the 3.550%  Senior  Notes  are senior  unsecured 
obligations of Allegion US Hold Co and rank equally with all of Allegion US Hold Co’s existing and future senior unsecured 
and  unsubordinated  indebtedness.  The guarantee of  the 3.200%  Senior  Notes  and  the 3.550%  Senior  Notes  is  the senior 
unsecured  obligation  of  Allegion  plc and  ranks  equally  with  all of  the Company's  existing  and  future senior  unsecured  and 
unsubordinated  indebtedness.  The 3.500%  Senior  Notes  are senior  unsecured  obligations  of  Allegion  plc,  are guaranteed  by 
Allegion US Hold Co and rank equally with all of the Company's existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness.

Future Repayments

Future required principal payments on indebtedness as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:

In millions
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Thereafter
Total

$ 

$ 

12.6 
412.6 
21.9 
259.6 
400.0 
1,000.0 
2,106.7 

Cash  paid  for  interest  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020  was  $56.9  million,  $45.1  million  and  $47.3 
million, respectively.

NOTE 10 – FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Currency Hedging Instruments

The  gross  notional  amount  of  the  Company’s  currency  derivatives  was  $161.5  million  and  $164.9  million  at  December  31, 
2022 and 2021, respectively. Neither the fair values of currency derivatives, which are determined based on a pricing model 
that uses spot rates and forward prices from actively quoted currency markets that are readily observable (Level 2 inputs under 
the  fair  value  hierarchy  described  in  Note  13),  nor  the  balances  included  in  Accumulated  other  comprehensive  loss,  were 
material  as  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021.  Currency  derivatives  designated  as  cash  flow  hedges  did  not  have  a  material 
impact to either Net earnings or Other Comprehensive (loss) income during any of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 or 
2020, nor is the amount to be reclassified into Net earnings over the next twelve months expected to be material, although the 
actual  amounts  that  will  be  reclassified  to  Net  earnings  may  vary  as  a  result  of  future  changes  in  market  conditions.  At 
December  31,  2022,  the  maximum  term  of  the  Company's  currency  derivatives,  both  those  that  are  designated  as  cash  flow 
hedges and those that are not, was less than one year.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The counterparties to the Company’s forward contracts consist of a number of investment grade major international financial 
institutions.  The  Company  could  be  exposed  to  losses  in  the  event  of  nonperformance  by  the  counterparties.  However,  the 
credit ratings and the concentration of risk in these financial institutions are monitored on a continuous basis and present no 
significant credit risk to the Company.

NOTE 11 - LEASES

Total  rental  expense  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020,  was  $48.9  million,  $45.4  million  and  $44.2 
million,  respectively,  and  is  classified  within  Cost  of  goods  sold  and  Selling  and  administrative  expenses  within  the 
Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive  Income.  Rental  expense  related  to  short-term  leases,  variable  lease  payments  or 
other  leases  or  lease  components  not  included  within  the  ROU  asset  or  lease  liability  totaled  $9.6  million,  $8.2  million  and 

F-16

$9.1  million,  respectively,  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020.  No  material  lease  costs  have  been 
capitalized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 or 2021.

Amounts  included  within  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  related  to  the  Company's  ROU  asset  and  lease  liability  were  as 
follows:

In millions
ROU asset

Lease liability - current
Lease liability - 
noncurrent

Other information:

Balance Sheet classification

Other noncurrent assets
Accrued expenses and other 
current liabilities

Other noncurrent liabilities

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

Real estate Equipment
$  69.3 

$  28.8 

Total

Real estate Equipment

Total

$ 

98.1  $  58.2 

$  31.7 

$ 

89.9 

17.7 

54.8 

14.1 

14.7 

31.8 

15.5 

69.5 

45.1 

13.6 

18.2 

29.1 

63.3 

Weighted-average remaining term (years)
Weighted-average discount rate

5.9
 3.5 %

2.4
 2.1 %

6.5
 3.4 %

2.8
 2.1 %

The following table summarizes additional information related to the Company's leases for the years ended December 31:

In millions
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of 
lease liabilities
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new lease 
liabilities

2022

2021

Real estate Equipment

Total

Real estate Equipment

Total

$ 

20.6  $ 

18.7  $ 

39.3  $ 

19.1  $ 

17.4  $ 

36.5 

32.2 

13.2 

45.4 

16.7 

12.8 

29.5 

Future Repayments

Future minimum lease payments required under non-cancellable operating leases for both the real estate and equipment lease 
portfolios for the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2022, were as follows:

In millions
Real estate leases
Equipment leases
Total

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter

Total

$ 

$ 

19.8  $ 

15.8  $ 

13.4  $ 

10.1  $ 

14.5 
34.3  $ 

9.5 

4.5 

0.9 

25.3  $ 

17.9  $ 

11.0  $ 

7.4  $ 

0.1 
7.5  $ 

14.4  $ 

80.9 

— 
14.4  $ 

29.5 
110.4 

The  difference  between  the  total  undiscounted  minimum  lease  payments  and  the  combined  current  and  noncurrent  lease 
liabilities as of December 31, 2022, is due to imputed interest of $9.1 million. Additionally, leases to commence in 2023 have 
been signed for two new manufacturing and assembly facilities in our Allegion Americas segment. Although not included in the 
amounts above, upon commencement these leases are expected to add new ROU assets and lease liabilities of approximately 
$35 million to $40 million.

NOTE 12 – DEFINED BENEFIT PLANS

The Company sponsors several U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit plans to eligible employees and retirees and also maintains 
other  supplemental  plans  for  officers  and  other  key  employees.  The  following  table  details  information  regarding  the 
Company’s defined benefit plans at December 31:

F-17

In millions
Change in benefit obligations:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
Service cost
Interest cost
Employee contributions
Amendments
Actuarial gains(a)
Benefits paid
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
Curtailments and settlements
Divestitures
Other, including expenses paid
Benefit obligation at end of year

Change in plan assets:
Fair value at beginning of year
Actual return on plan assets
Company contributions
Employee contributions
Benefits paid
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
Curtailment and settlements
Other, including expenses paid
Fair value of assets at end of year

Funded status:
Plan assets (less than) exceeding benefit obligations

Amounts included in the balance sheet:
Other noncurrent assets
Accrued compensation and benefits
Postemployment and other benefit liabilities
Net amount recognized

U.S.

NON-U.S.

2022

2021

2022

2021

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

335.9 
5.9 
8.1 
— 
— 
(84.5) 
(17.7) 
— 
— 
— 
— 
247.7 

326.5 
(65.6) 
0.5 
— 
(17.7) 
— 
— 
(1.4) 
242.3 

(5.4) 

14.9 
(15.7) 
(4.6) 
(5.4) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

361.4 
6.7 
6.8 
— 
— 
(18.7) 
(20.0) 
— 
— 
— 
(0.3) 
335.9 

333.0 
8.9 
6.2 
— 
(20.0) 
— 
— 
(1.6) 
326.5 

(9.4) 

13.9 
(0.5) 
(22.8) 
(9.4) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

417.1 
1.4 
6.7 
0.2 
— 
(116.4) 
(13.3) 
(39.0) 
(1.6) 
— 
— 
255.1 

449.4 
(146.8) 
5.5 
0.2 
(13.3) 
(43.4) 
(1.6) 
(1.6) 
248.4 

(6.7) 

12.6 
(0.8) 
(18.5) 
(6.7) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

455.7 
2.0 
5.1 
0.3 
(0.1) 
(21.9) 
(14.8) 
(5.4) 
(3.0) 
(0.8) 
— 
417.1 

463.9 
3.7 
6.0 
0.3 
(14.8) 
(4.8) 
(3.0) 
(1.9) 
449.4 

32.3 

55.9 
(0.7) 
(22.9) 
32.3 

(a) The  significant  actuarial  gains  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  are  primarily  driven  by  discount  rate

increases.

It  is  the  Company’s  objective  to  contribute  to  the  pension  plans  to  ensure  adequate  funds  are  available  in  the  plans  to  make 
benefit payments to plan participants and beneficiaries when required. However, certain plans are not funded due to either legal, 
accounting  or  tax  requirements  in  certain  jurisdictions.  As  of  December  31,  2022,  approximately  6%  of  the  Company's 
projected benefit obligation relates to plans that are not funded, of which the majority are non-U.S. plans.

The pretax amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows:

U.S.

In millions
December 31, 2020
Current year changes recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Amortization reclassified to earnings
December 31, 2021
Current year changes recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Amortization reclassified to earnings
December 31, 2022

F-18

$ 

$ 

Prior service cost Net actuarial losses
$ 

(1.0)  $ 
— 
0.3 
(0.7)  $ 
— 
0.2 
(0.5)  $ 

(57.4)  $ 
13.5 
3.4 
(40.5)  $ 
5.4 
1.1 
(34.0)  $ 

Total

(58.4) 
13.5 
3.7 
(41.2) 
5.4 
1.3 
(34.5) 

NON-U.S.

Prior service cost Net actuarial losses
$ 

In millions
December 31, 2020
Current year changes recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Amortization reclassified to earnings
Settlements/curtailments reclassified to earnings
Currency translation and other
December 31, 2021
Current year changes recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Amortization reclassified to earnings
Currency translation and other
December 31, 2022

$ 

$ 

(4.1)  $ 
0.1 
0.1 
— 
0.1 
(3.8)  $ 
0.1 
0.1 
0.5 
(3.1)  $ 

(75.0)  $ 
11.8 
1.4 
0.5 
2.0 
(59.3)  $ 
(44.7) 
(0.5) 
7.3 
(97.2)  $ 

Total

(79.1) 
11.9 
1.5 
0.5 
2.1 
(63.1) 
(44.6) 
(0.4) 
7.8 
(100.3) 

Weighted-average discount rate assumptions utilized in determining benefit obligations as of December 31, were as follows:

U.S. plans
Non-U.S. plans

2022

2021

 5.4 %
 4.9 %

 2.8 %
 1.9 %

The  accumulated  benefit  obligation  for  all  U.S.  defined  benefit  pension  plans  was  $247.7  million  and  $333.4  million  at 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligation for all non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans 
was $249.8 million and $410.2 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Information regarding pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations more than plan assets were:

In millions
Projected benefit obligation
Accumulated benefit obligation
Fair value of plan assets

U.S.

NON-U.S.

2022

2021

2022

2021

$ 

$ 

20.2  $ 
20.2 

—  $ 

23.3  $ 
23.0 

—  $ 

29.1  $ 
24.3 
9.8  $ 

33.7 
28.2 
10.1 

Future pension benefit payments are expected to be paid as follows:

In millions
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028 - 2032

$ 

U.S.

NON-U.S.

36.9  $ 
19.5 
18.2 
19.6 
18.1 
85.8 

14.4 
15.1 
15.8 
16.5 
17.3 
99.0 

The  components  of  the  Company’s  net  periodic  pension  benefit  cost  (income)  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  were  as 
follows:

In millions
Service cost
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Administrative costs and other
Net amortization of:
Prior service costs
Plan net actuarial losses

Net periodic pension benefit cost

2022

U.S.

2021

2020

5.9  $ 
8.1 
(13.5) 
1.1 

0.2 
1.1 
2.9  $ 

6.7  $ 
6.8 
(14.0) 
1.2 

0.3 
3.4 
4.4  $ 

6.7 
9.6 
(14.5) 
1.6 

0.2 
3.6 
7.2 

$ 

$ 

F-19

In millions
Service cost
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Administrative costs and other
Net amortization of:
Prior service costs
Plan net actuarial (gains) losses
Net curtailment and settlement losses
Net periodic pension benefit income

2022

NON-U.S.
2021

2020

1.4  $ 
6.7 
(14.3) 
1.5 

0.1 
(0.5) 
— 
(5.1)  $ 

2.0  $ 
5.1 
(13.8) 
1.9 

0.1 
1.4 
0.5 
(2.8)  $ 

1.7 
6.6 
(12.7) 
1.6 

0.1 
1.3 
0.1 
(1.3) 

$ 

$ 

The Service cost component of Net periodic pension benefit cost (income) is recorded in Cost of goods sold and Selling and 
administrative  expenses,  while  the  remaining  components  are  recorded  within  Other  income,  net  within  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Net  periodic  pension  benefit  expense  for  2023  is  projected  to  be  approximately  $3  million,  utilizing  the  assumptions  for 
calculating the pension benefit obligations at the end of 2022. 

Weighted-average assumptions utilized in determining net periodic pension benefit cost (income) for the years ended December 
31, were as follows:

Discount rate:
U.S. plans
Non-U.S. plans

Rate of compensation increase:

U.S. plans
Non-U.S. plans

Expected return on plan assets:

U.S. plans
Non-U.S. plans

2022

2021

2020

 2.8 %
 1.9 %

 3.0 %
 3.5 %

 4.3 %
 3.5 %

 2.5 %
 1.3 %

 3.0 %
 3.0 %

 4.3 %
 3.0 %

 3.3 %
 1.9 %

 3.0 %
 3.0 %

 5.0 %
 3.3 %

The  Company  generally  estimates  the  service  and  interest  cost  components  of  net  periodic  benefit  cost  utilizing  a  full  yield-
curve approach. Under this approach, the Company applies discounting using the applicable spot rates derived from the yield 
curve to discount the cash flows used to measure the benefit obligation. These spot rates align to each of the projected benefit 
obligation  cash  flows  and  service  cost  cash  flows.  The  expected  return  on  plan  assets  reflects  the  average  rate  of  returns 
expected on the funds invested or to be invested to provide for the benefits included in the projected benefit obligation and is 
based  on  what  is  achievable  given  the  plan’s  investment  policy,  the  types  of  assets  held  and  target  asset  allocations.  The 
expected  long-term  rate  of  return  is  determined  as  of  the  measurement  date.  Each  plan  is  reviewed,  along  with  its  historical 
returns and target asset allocations, to determine the appropriate expected return on plan assets to be used.

The  Company's  overall  objective  in  managing  its  defined  benefit  plan  assets  is  to  ensure  that  all  present  and  future  benefit 
obligations  are  met  as  they  come  due.  The  goal  is  to  achieve  this  while  trying  to  mitigate  volatility  in  plan  funded  status, 
contributions  and  expense  by  better  matching  the  characteristics  of  the  plan  assets  to  that  of  the  plan  liabilities.  Each  plan’s 
funded status and asset allocation is monitored regularly in addition to investment manager performance.

The fair values of the Company’s U.S. pension plan assets at December 31, 2022, by asset category, were as follows:

In millions
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

Common collective trusts
Other(a)

Total U.S. pension plan assets

Fair value measurements

Quoted prices 
in active 
markets for 
identical assets 
(Level 1)

Significant 
other 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2)

Significant 
unobservable 
inputs 
(Level 3)

Assets 
measured at 
NAV

$ 

$ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
—  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
—  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
—  $ 

4.2  $ 

167.7 
70.4 

242.3  $ 

Total

4.2 
167.7 
70.4 
242.3 

(a)

Includes group trust diversified credit and real asset funds.

F-20

The fair values of the Company’s U.S. pension plan assets at December 31, 2021, by asset category, were as follows:

In millions
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

Common collective trusts
Other(a)

Total U.S. pension plan assets

Fair value measurements

Quoted prices 
in active 
markets for 
identical assets 
(Level 1)

Significant 
other 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2)

Significant 
unobservable 
inputs 
(Level 3)

Assets 
measured at 
NAV

$ 

$ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
—  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
—  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
—  $ 

4.5  $ 

252.3 
69.7 

326.5  $ 

Total

4.5 
252.3 
69.7 
326.5 

(a)

Includes group trust diversified credit and real asset funds.

No material transfers in or out of Level 3 occurred during the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021. 

The Company's U.S. pension plan assets are valued using the following methodologies:

•

•

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments – Short-term investments are valued at their daily net asset value
(NAV)  per  share  or  the  equivalent  based  upon  the  fair  value  of  the  underlying  investments.  NAV  per  share  or  the
equivalent  is  used  for  fair  value  purposes  as  a  practical  expedient  and  is  calculated  by  the  investment  manager  or
sponsor of the fund. These investments primarily consist of short-term investment funds.

Common collective trusts – Common collective trust ("CCT") funds are not publicly traded and are valued at NAV per
share or the equivalent based upon the fair value of the underlying investments. NAV per share or the equivalent is
used  for  fair  value  purposes  as  a  practical  expedient  and  is  calculated  by  the  investment  manager  or  sponsor  of  the
applicable  fund.  CCT  funds  consist  of  a  variety  of  publicly  traded  securities,  including  equity  mutual  funds,  U.S.
government and agency obligations, corporate and non-U.S. bonds, securitized credit and emerging market debt. There
are  no  unfunded  commitments,  redemption  frequency  restrictions  or  other  redemption  restrictions  related  to  such
investments.

The fair values of the Company’s non-U.S. pension plan assets at December 31, 2022, by asset category, were as follows:

In millions
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments
Equity mutual funds
Corporate and non-U.S. bonds
Other(a)

Total non-U.S. pension plan assets

Fair value measurements

Quoted prices 
in active 
markets for 
identical assets 
(Level 1)

Significant 
other 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2)

Significant 
unobservable 
inputs 
(Level 3)

Assets 
measured at 
NAV

$ 

$ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
—  $ 

—  $ 
2.7 
2.9 
0.3 
5.9  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
4.1 
4.1  $ 

30.5  $ 
47.3 
122.1 
38.5 

238.4  $ 

Total

30.5 
50.0 
125.0 
42.9 
248.4 

(a)

Primarily includes a core diversified credit fund, a credit opportunity fund and derivative contracts.

The fair values of the Company’s non-U.S. pension plan assets at December 31, 2021, by asset category, were as follows:

In millions
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

Equity mutual funds
Corporate and non-U.S. bonds
Other(a)

Total non-U.S. pension plan assets

Fair value measurements

Quoted prices 
in active 
markets for 
identical assets 
(Level 1)

Significant 
other 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2)

Significant 
unobservable 
inputs 
(Level 3)

Assets 
measured at 
NAV

$ 

$ 

0.3  $ 
— 
— 
— 
0.3  $ 

—  $ 
3.1 
3.0 
0.5 
6.6  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
3.8 
3.8  $ 

103.9  $ 
112.5 
166.4 
55.9 

438.7  $ 

Total

104.2 
115.6 
169.4 
60.2 
449.4 

(a)

Primarily includes a core diversified credit fund, a credit opportunity fund and derivative contracts.

No material transfers in or out of Level 3 occurred during the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021. 

The Company's non-U.S. pension plan assets are valued using the following methodologies:

F-21

•

•

•

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments – Cash equivalents are valued using a market approach with inputs
including  quoted  market  prices  for  either  identical  or  similar  instruments.  Short-term  investments  are  valued  at  the
closing price or amount held on deposit by the custodian bank, at fair value by discounting the related cash flows based
on current yields of similar instruments with comparable durations considering the credit-worthiness of the issuer, or at
NAV  per  share  or  the  equivalent  based  upon  the  fair  value  of  the  underlying  investments.  NAV  per  share  or  the
equivalent  is  used  for  fair  value  purposes  as  a  practical  expedient  and  is  calculated  by  the  investment  manager  or
sponsor of the fund. These investments primarily consist of short-term investment funds.

Equity mutual funds – Equity mutual funds are primarily valued at NAV per share or the equivalent. NAV per share or
the equivalent is used for fair value purposes as a practical expedient and is calculated by the investment manager or
sponsor of the fund.

Corporate  and  non-U.S.  bonds  –  Quoted  market  prices  are  not  available  for  these  securities.  Fair  values  are  either
estimated using pricing models and/or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows,
in which instances such securities are classified as Level 2, or valued at NAV per share or the equivalent. NAV per
share  or  the  equivalent  is  used  for  fair  value  purposes  as  a  practical  expedient  and  is  calculated  by  the  investment
manager or sponsor of the fund.

The Company made employer contributions of $0.5 million, $6.2 million and $6.3 million to the U.S. pension plans in 2022, 
2021  and  2020,  respectively.  Additionally,  the  Company  prefunded  $8.2  million  of  supplemental  plan  payments  to  a  former 
executive as of December 31, 2022, to satisfy an obligation due in early 2023. The Company made employer contributions to 
its non-U.S. pension plans of $5.5 million, $6.0 million and $5.1 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.  

The  Company  currently  projects  that  approximately  $12  million  will  be  contributed  to  its  plans  worldwide  in  2023.  The 
Company’s policy allows it to fund an amount, which could be in excess of or less than the pension cost expensed, subject to 
the  limitations  imposed  by  current  tax  regulations.  The  Company  anticipates  funding  the  plans  in  2023  in  accordance  with 
contributions required by funding regulations or the laws of each jurisdiction.

Most  of  the  Company’s  U.S.  employees  are  covered  by  defined  contribution  plans.  Employer  contributions  are  determined 
based on criteria specific to the individual plans and amounted to approximately $23.0 million, $18.3 million and $17.9 million 
in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s contributions relating to non-U.S. defined contribution plans and other 
non-U.S. benefit plans were $8.8 million, $8.6 million and $7.0 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Deferred Compensation Plan

The Company maintains an Executive Deferred Compensation Plan ("EDCP"), which is an unfunded, nonqualified plan that, 
prior  to  2019,  permitted  certain  employees  to  defer  up  to  50%  of  their  annual  salary  and  up  to  100%  of  their  annual  bonus 
awards, performance stock plan awards and restricted stock units into a number of investment choices, including its ordinary 
share equivalents, until conclusion of their employment with the Company. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the deferred 
compensation liability balance was $13.8 million and $18.2 million, respectively, the majority of which was recorded within 
Postemployment  and  other  benefit  liabilities  in  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets.  Amounts  invested  in  ordinary  share 
equivalents of the Company are not included in the deferred compensation liability balance, as these amounts will be settled in 
ordinary shares of the Company at the time of distribution.

NOTE 13 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in 
the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the 
measurement  date.  Fair  value  measurements  are  based  on  a  framework  that  utilizes  the  inputs  market  participants  use  to 
determine the fair value of an asset or liability and establishes a fair value hierarchy to prioritize those inputs. The fair value 
hierarchy is comprised of the three levels described below:

•

•

•

Level 1 – Inputs based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in
markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for
substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level  3  –  Unobservable  inputs  based  on  little  or  no  market  activity  and  that  are  significant  to  the  fair  value  of  the
assets and liabilities.

The  fair  value  hierarchy  requires  an  entity  to  maximize  the  use  of  observable  inputs  and  minimize  the  use  of  unobservable 
inputs  when  measuring  fair  value.  Observable  inputs  are  obtained  from  independent  sources  and  can  be  validated  by  a  third 
party, whereas unobservable inputs reflect assumptions regarding what a third party would use in pricing an asset or liability 
based on the best information available under the circumstances. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value 
hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

F-22

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value at December 31, 2022, were as follows:

In millions
Recurring fair value measurements
Assets:

Investments

Total asset recurring fair value measurements

Liabilities:

Deferred compensation and other retirement plans

Total liability recurring fair value measurements

Financial instruments not carried at fair value

Fair value measurements

Quoted prices in 
active markets 
for identical 
assets (Level 1)

Significant other 
observable 
inputs (Level 2)

Significant 
unobservable 
inputs (Level 3)

Total
fair value

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

19.9  $ 
19.9  $ 

20.3  $ 
20.3  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

19.9 
19.9 

20.3 
20.3 

Total debt

$ 
Total financial instruments not carried at fair value $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

1,978.4  $ 
1,978.4  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

1,978.4 
1,978.4 

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value at December 31, 2021, were as follows:

In millions
Recurring fair value measurements
Assets:

Investments

Total asset recurring fair value measurements

Liabilities:

Deferred compensation and other retirement plans

Total liability recurring fair value measurements

Financial instruments not carried at fair value

Fair value measurements

Quoted prices in 
active markets 
for identical 
assets (Level 1)

Significant other 
observable 
inputs (Level 2)

Significant 
unobservable 
inputs (Level 3)

Total
fair value

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

24.5  $ 
24.5  $ 

25.9  $ 
25.9  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

24.5 
24.5 

25.9 
25.9 

Total debt

$ 
Total financial instruments not carried at fair value $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

1,510.4  $ 
1,510.4  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

1,510.4 
1,510.4 

The Company determines the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities using the following methodologies:

•

•

•

Investments  –  These  instruments  include  equity  mutual  funds  and  corporate  bond  funds.  The  fair  value  is  obtained
based on observable market prices quoted on public exchanges for similar instruments.

Deferred compensation and other retirement plans – These include obligations related to deferred compensation and
other retirement plans adjusted for market performance. The fair value is obtained based on observable market prices
quoted on public exchanges for similar instruments.
Debt  –  These  instruments  are  recorded  at  cost  and  include  the  2021  Credit  Facilities  and  Senior  Notes  maturing
through 2032. The fair value of these debt instruments is obtained based on observable market prices quoted on public
exchanges for similar instruments.

The  carrying  values  of  Cash  and  cash  equivalents,  Accounts  and  notes  receivable,  net,  Accounts  payable,  Accrued 
compensation and benefits and Accrued expenses and other current liabilities are a reasonable estimate of their fair values due 
to  the  short-term  nature  of  these  instruments.  As  discussed  in  Note  2,  the  Company  also  has  investments  in  debt  and  equity 
securities without readily determinable fair values, which are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes 
resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer and are 
qualitatively  assessed  for  impairment  indicators  at  each  reporting  period.  As  these  investments  are  considered  to  be 
nonrecurring fair value measurements, they are not included in the fair value tables above.

The methodologies used by the Company to determine the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities at December 31, 2022, 
are the same as those used at December 31, 2021. 

F-23

NOTE 14 – EQUITY

Ordinary Shares

The changes in Ordinary shares outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2022, were as follows:

In millions
December 31, 2021
Shares issued under equity incentive plans
Repurchase of ordinary shares
December 31, 2022

Total

88.2 
0.2 
(0.5) 
87.9 

Allegion had 400.0 million ordinary shares authorized and 10.0 million preferred shares, $0.001 par value per share, authorized 
(with none outstanding) at December 31, 2022.

In  February  2020,  the  Company's  Board  of  Directors  approved  a  share  repurchase  authorization  of  up  to,  and  including, 
$800  million  of  the  Company's  ordinary  shares  (the  "2020  Share  Repurchase  Authorization").  The  2020  Share  Repurchase 
Authorization does not have a prescribed expiration date. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid $61.0 
million to repurchase 0.5 million ordinary shares on the open market under the 2020 Share Repurchase Authorization. As of 
December  31,  2022,  the  Company  has  approximately  $140.5  million  still  available  to  be  repurchased  under  the  2020  Share 
Repurchase Authorization.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows:

In millions
December 31, 2019
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(a)
December 31, 2020
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
December 31, 2021
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
December 31, 2022

Cash flow 
hedges

Defined benefit 
plan items

Foreign 
currency items

Total

$ 

$ 

0.5  $ 
(1.4) 
(0.9) 
1.8 
0.9 
5.2 
6.1  $ 

(126.2)  $ 
5.9 
(120.3) 
24.3 
(96.0) 
(21.1) 
(117.1)  $ 

(92.9)  $ 
57.0 
(35.9) 
(63.4) 
(99.3) 
(75.5) 
(174.8)  $ 

(218.6) 
61.5 
(157.1) 
(37.3) 
(194.4) 
(91.4) 
(285.8) 

(a) During  2020,  the  Company  reclassified  $12.8  million  of  accumulated  foreign  currency  translation  adjustments  to
earnings upon the liquidation of two legal entities in the Allegion International segment, which is included in Foreign
currency items in the table above.

All amounts of Other comprehensive income (loss), net attributable to noncontrolling interests on the Consolidated Statements 
of Equity relate to foreign currency items.

NOTE 15 – SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Under the Company's shareholder-approved equity incentive plan, a maximum of 8.0 million ordinary shares are authorized for 
issuance, of which 2.2 million remained available for issuance as of December 31, 2022, for future equity incentive awards.

Compensation Expense

Share-based  compensation  expense  is  included  in  Cost  of  goods  sold  and  Selling  and  administrative  expenses  within  the 
Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive  Income.  The  following  table  summarizes  the  expenses  recognized  for  the  years 
ended December 31:

In millions
Stock options
RSUs
PSUs
Deferred compensation
Pre-tax expense
Tax benefit(a)
After-tax expense

2022

2021

2020

$ 

$ 

4.4  $ 
14.2 
5.9 
(3.1) 
21.4 
(1.8) 
19.6  $ 

3.9  $ 
13.6 
5.9 
2.1 
25.5 
(3.0) 
22.5  $ 

3.8 
11.4 
5.6 
2.4 
23.2 
(2.9) 
20.3 

(a) Tax benefit reflected in the table above does not include the excess benefit from exercises and vesting of share-based
compensation of $0.5 million, $2.1 million and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020,
respectively.

F-24

Stock Options / RSUs

The weighted-average fair  value of  stock  options  granted  for  the years  ended  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020,  was 
estimated  to  be $28.24,  $24.99  and  $25.62  per  share,  respectively,  using  the Black-Scholes  option-pricing  model.  The 
weighted-average assumptions used were as follows:

Dividend yield
Volatility
Risk-free rate of return
Expected life

2022

 1.46 %
 27.12 %
 2.13 %
6.0 years

2021

 1.32 %
 27.14 %
 0.75 %
6.0 years

2020

 0.99 %
 20.70 %
 1.41 %
6.0 years

Volatility is based on the Company's historic volatility. The risk-free rate of return is based on the yield curve of a zero-coupon 
U.S. Treasury bond on the date the award is granted with a maturity equal to the expected term of the award. The expected life 
of the Company’s stock option awards is derived from the simplified approach based on the weighted-average time to vest and 
the remaining contractual term and represents the period of time that awards are expected to be outstanding. 

Changes in options outstanding under the plans for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, were as follows:

Shares
subject
to option

Weighted-
average
exercise price

(a)

Aggregate
intrinsic
value (millions)

Weighted-average
remaining life 
(years)

December 31, 2019
Granted
Exercised
Canceled
December 31, 2020
Granted
Exercised
Canceled
December 31, 2021
Granted
Exercised
Canceled
Outstanding December 31, 2022
Exercisable December 31, 2022

863,622  $ 
161,600 
(256,704) 
(8,376) 
760,142 
179,743 
(156,063) 
(26,042) 
757,780 
234,809 
(52,641) 
(7,366) 
932,582  $ 
548,222  $ 

67.57 
129.26 
52.89 
107.23 
85.18 
109.14 
66.98 
109.36 
93.76 
112.18 
58.63 
115.55 
100.21  $ 
90.92  $ 

10.4 
10.4 

6.5
5.2

(a) The weighted-average exercise price of awards represents the exercise price of the awards on the grant date converted

to ordinary shares of the Company.

The following table summarizes information concerning currently outstanding and exercisable options:

Range of
exercise price

25.01  —
50.01  —
75.01  —
100.01  —
125.01  —

50.00 
75.00 
100.00 
125.00 
150.00 

Options outstanding

Options exercisable

Number
outstanding at
December 31,
2022

Weighted-
average
remaining
life (years)

Weighted-
average
exercise
price

Number
exercisable at
December 31,
2022

Weighted-
average
remaining
life (years)

Weighted-
average
exercise
price

2,415 
146,123 
247,484 
390,654 
145,906 
932,582 

0.1
3.3
5.2
8.5
6.5
6.5 $ 

32.33 
65.06 
87.61 
110.89 
129.33 
100.21 

2,415 
146,123 
247,484 
55,200 
97,000 
548,222 

0.1
3.3
5.2
7.6
6.5
5.2 $ 

32.33 
65.06 
87.61 
109.30 
129.33 
90.92 

At December 31, 2022, there was $3.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost from stock option arrangements granted 
under the plan, which is primarily related to unvested stock options held by non-retirement eligible employees. The aggregate 
intrinsic  value  of  stock  options  exercised  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  was  $2.9  million  and  $10.5 
million, respectively. Generally, stock options expire ten years from their date of grant. 

F-25

Weighted-average grant 

date fair value

(a)

The following table summarizes RSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:

Outstanding and unvested at December 31, 2019
Granted
Vested
Canceled
Outstanding and unvested at December 31, 2020
Granted
Vested
Canceled
Outstanding and unvested at December 31, 2021
Granted
Vested
Canceled
Outstanding and unvested at December 31, 2022

RSUs

236,519  $ 
81,796 
(113,776) 
(9,249) 
195,290 
134,543 
(124,347) 
(10,083) 
195,403 
187,363 
(114,987) 
(6,731) 
261,048  $ 

(a)

The weighted-average grant date fair value represents the fair value of the awards on the grant date converted to
ordinary shares of the Company.

At December 31, 2022, there was $10.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost from RSU arrangements granted under 
the plan, which is primarily related to unvested RSUs held by non-retirement eligible employees. 

Performance Stock

In February 2020, 2021 and 2022, the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors granted PSUs that vested 
based 50% upon a performance condition, measured at each reporting period by earnings per share ("EPS") performance during 
a  three-year  performance  period  in  relation  to  pre-established  targets  set  by  the  Compensation  Committee,  and  50%  upon  a 
market  condition,  measured  by  the  Company’s  relative  total  shareholder  return  ("TSR")  against  the  S&P  400  Capital  Goods 
Index  over  a  three-year  performance  period.  The  fair  values  of  the  market  conditions  are  estimated  using  a  Monte  Carlo 
simulation approach in a risk-neutral framework to model future stock price movements based upon historical volatility, risk-
free rates of return and correlation matrix. 

The  following  table  summarizes  PSU  activity  for  the  maximum  number  of  shares  that  may  be  issued  upon  vesting  of  those 
awards for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:

Weighted-average grant 

date fair value

(a)

Outstanding and unvested at December 31, 2019
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Outstanding and unvested at December 31, 2020
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Outstanding and unvested at December 31, 2021
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Outstanding and unvested at December 31, 2022

PSUs

157,348  $ 
92,913 
(101,638) 
(2,647) 
145,976 
92,717 
(80,194) 
(13,332) 
145,167 
51,035 
(38,044) 
(19,773) 
138,385  $ 

(a)

The weighted-average grant date fair value represents the fair value of the awards on the grant date converted to
ordinary shares of the Company.

At  December  31,  2022,  there  was  $6.3  million  of  total  unrecognized  compensation  cost  from  the  PSP  based  on  actual 
performance  through  such  date,  which  is  related  to  shares  underlying  unvested  awards.  This  compensation  cost  will  be 
recognized over the required service period, which is generally the three-year performance/vesting period. 

F-26

86.37 
124.91 
85.40 
91.73 
102.52 
112.75 
100.52 
109.31 
112.35 
111.64 
110.00 
115.04 
112.79 

75.82 
113.54 
83.16 
121.43 
93.89 
109.53 
100.26 
115.92 
98.34 
123.26 
92.15 
101.96 
108.71 

NOTE 16 – RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

During  the years  ended  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020,  the Company  recorded  $3.3  million,  $4.3  million  and  $25.6 
million, respectively, of expenses associated with restructuring activities. Restructuring activities in each period were primarily 
associated  with  the Allegion  International segment and  related  to  workforce reductions  intended  to  optimize and  simplify 
operations  and  cost structure,  although  approximately  $9  million  of  the restructuring  charges  incurred  during  the year  ended 
December 31, 2020, related to the Allegion Americas segment and Corporate. Restructuring expenses are included within Cost 
of goods sold and Selling and administrative expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The changes in the restructuring reserve during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows:

In millions
December 31, 2020
Additions, net of reversals
Cash payments
Currency translation
December 31, 2021
Additions, net of reversals
Cash payments
Currency translation
December 31, 2022

Total

$ 

$ 

5.3 
3.8 
(8.6) 
(0.1) 
0.4 
3.3 
(3.4) 
(0.1) 
0.2 

The majority of the costs accrued as of December 31, 2022, are expected to be paid within one year.

The Company also incurred other non-qualified restructuring charges of $1.6 million, $0.8 million and $1.2 million during the 
years  ended  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020,  respectively,  which  represent  costs  directly  attributable  to  restructuring 
activities,  but  that  do  not  fall  into  the  severance,  exit  or  disposal  category.  Non-qualified  restructuring  charges  are  included 
within  Cost  of  goods  sold  and  Selling  and  administrative  expenses  within  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive 
Income.

NOTE 17 – OTHER INCOME, NET

The components of Other income, net for the years ended December 31, were as follows:

In millions
Interest income
Foreign currency exchange loss
Earnings and gains from the sale of equity method investments, net
Net periodic pension and postretirement benefit income, less service cost
Other
Other income, net

2022

2021

2020

$ 

$ 

(1.3)  $ 
2.4 
(0.8) 
(9.4) 
(2.5) 
(11.6)  $ 

(0.4)  $ 
2.7 
(6.4) 
(7.1) 
(32.8) 
(44.0)  $ 

(0.9) 
0.7 
(0.3) 
(2.2) 
(10.3) 
(13.0) 

For the year ended December 31, 2021, Other income, net included unrealized gains related to the Company's investments in 
debt and equity securities of $25.6 million, which are included within Other in the table above. The largest of these unrealized 
gains was $20.7 million related to a fair value remeasurement upon an observable price change in an orderly external funding 
round.  Other  income,  net  also  included  a  gain  of  $6.4  million  from  the  sale  of  the  Company's  interest  in  an  equity  method 
affiliate during the year ended December 31, 2021.

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  Other  income,  net  included  gains  of  $12.8  million  related  to  the  reclassification  to 
earnings of accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments upon the liquidation of two legal entities in the Company's 
Allegion International segment. These gains are included within Other in the table above.

NOTE 18 – INCOME TAXES

Earnings before income taxes for the years ended December 31 were taxed within the following jurisdictions:

In millions
U.S.
Non-U.S.
Total

2022

2021

2020

$ 

$ 

95.5  $ 
419.0 
514.5  $ 

74.5  $ 
449.5 
524.0  $ 

151.4 
214.0 
365.4 

F-27

The jurisdictional mix  of  earnings,  which  includes  the impact of  the location  of  earnings  as  well as  the tax  cost on  the 
Company's international operations, can vary as a result of operating fluctuations in the normal course of business, the impact 
of  internal restructurings  and  as  a result of  the extent and  location  of  other  income and  expense items,  such  as  restructuring 
charges, asset impairments and gains or losses on strategic business decisions. 

The components of the Provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31 were as follows:

In millions
Current tax expense:

U.S.
Non-U.S.
Total:

Deferred tax benefit:

U.S.
Non-U.S.
Total:

Total tax expense:

U.S.
Non-U.S.
Total

2022

2021

2020

$ 

$ 

98.3  $ 
29.2 
127.5 

(62.8) 
(8.5) 
(71.3) 

35.5 
20.7 
56.2  $ 

57.4  $ 
27.1 
84.5 

(38.3) 
(5.5) 
(43.8) 

19.1 
21.6 
40.7  $ 

55.0 
20.3 
75.3 

(13.4) 
(11.0) 
(24.4) 

41.6 
9.3 
50.9 

The Provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income taxes determined by applying the applicable U.S. statutory 
income tax rate to pretax income, as a result of the following differences:

Statutory U.S. rate

Increase (decrease) in rates resulting from:
Non-U.S. tax rate differential (1)
State and local income taxes (1)
Reserves for uncertain tax positions

Tax on unremitted earnings
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
Other adjustments
Effective tax rate

(1)

Net of changes in valuation allowances

Percent of pretax income

2022

2021

2020

 21.0 %

 21.0 %

 21.0 %

 (13.6) 
 1.4 
 1.3 
 0.1 
 — 
 0.7 
 10.9 %

 (14.1) 
 1.1 
 0.3 
 (0.1) 
 — 
 (0.4) 
 7.8 %

 (17.5) 
 2.4 
 1.1 
 (0.1) 
 7.3 
 (0.3) 
 13.9 %

The majority of the Company's earnings are considered permanently reinvested, and therefore, the Company has not recorded 
any incremental withholding or income tax liabilities on earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries.

F-28

At December 31, a summary of the deferred tax accounts was as follows:

In millions
Deferred tax assets:

Inventory and accounts receivable
Fixed assets and intangibles
Lease liabilities
Postemployment and other benefit liabilities
Other reserves and accruals

Net operating losses, tax credits and other carryforwards
Other

Gross deferred tax assets

Less: deferred tax valuation allowances

Deferred tax assets net of valuation allowances
Deferred tax liabilities:

Fixed assets and intangibles
Right of use assets
Postemployment and other benefit liabilities
Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries
Other

Gross deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax assets

2022

2021

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

6.8  $ 
2.9 
24.3 
27.8 
16.0 
492.7 
1.8 
572.3 
(264.7) 
307.6  $ 

(98.0)  $ 
(23.7) 
(3.2) 
(1.8) 
(8.4) 
(135.1) 
172.5  $ 

6.5 
3.2 
21.6 
24.9 
12.9 
446.0 
0.6 
515.7 
(265.5) 
250.2 

(110.6) 
(21.0) 
(13.9) 
(1.9) 
(10.3) 
(157.7) 
92.5 

At December 31, 2022, $1.8 million of deferred taxes were recorded for certain undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries. 
Historically, no deferred taxes have been provided for any portion of the remaining undistributed earnings of the Company's 
subsidiaries  since  these  earnings  have  been,  and  will  continue  to  be,  permanently  reinvested  in  these  subsidiaries.  For  many 
reasons,  including  the  number  of  legal  entities  and  jurisdictions  involved,  the  complexity  of  the  Company's  legal  entity 
structure, the complexity of tax laws in the relevant jurisdictions and the impact of projections of income for future years to any 
calculations, the Company believes it is not practicable to estimate, within any reasonable range, the amount of additional taxes 
which may be payable upon the distribution of earnings.

At  December  31,  2022,  the  Company  had  the  following  tax  losses  and  tax  credit  carryforwards  available  to  offset  taxable 
income in prior and future years:

In millions
U.S. Federal tax loss carryforwards
U.S. Federal and State credit carryforwards
U.S. State tax loss carryforwards
Non-U.S. tax loss carryforwards

Amount

16.4 
23.2 
1.2 
1,007.9 

Expiration Period
2027-Unlimited
2024-2037
2023-Unlimited
2025-Unlimited

$ 

$ 

The  U.S.  state  loss  carryforwards  were  incurred  in  various  jurisdictions.  The  non-U.S.  loss  carryforwards  were  incurred  in 
various jurisdictions, predominantly in China, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom.

The Company evaluates its deferred income tax assets to determine if valuation allowances are required or should be adjusted. 
GAAP  requires  that  companies  assess  whether  valuation  allowances  should  be  established  against  their  deferred  tax  assets 
based  on  consideration  of  all  available  evidence,  both  positive  and  negative,  using  a  "more  likely  than  not"  standard.  This 
assessment considers the nature, frequency and amount of recent losses, the duration of statutory carryforward periods and tax 
planning strategies. In making such judgments, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. 

Activity associated with the Company’s valuation allowance is as follows:

In millions
Beginning balance

Increase to valuation allowance
Decrease to valuation allowance
Foreign exchange translation
Ending balance

2022

2021

2020

$ 

$ 

265.5  $ 
4.2 
(3.9) 
(1.1) 
264.7  $ 

259.7  $ 
8.4 
(2.0) 
(0.6) 
265.5  $ 

241.0 
21.1 
(2.8) 
0.4 
259.7 

F-29

During  the year  ended  December  31,  2022,  the valuation  allowance decreased  by  $0.8  million,  while during  the year  ended 
December 31, 2021, the valuation allowance increased by $5.8 million. The Company's valuation allowance will fluctuate from 
year to year as a result of changes in country specific tax laws, internal restructurings, jurisdictional profitability and changes in 
judgments and facts regarding the realizability of deferred tax assets. 

The Company  has  total unrecognized  tax  benefits  of  $45.2  million  and  $41.5  million  as  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021, 
respectively. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate is $45.2 million as 
of December 31, 2022. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

In millions
Beginning balance
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years
Reductions based on tax positions related to prior years
Reductions related to settlements with tax authorities
Reductions related to lapses of statute of limitations
Translation (gain)/loss
Ending balance

2022

2021

2020

$ 

$ 

41.5  $ 
10.1 
0.9 
(0.2) 
— 
(6.5) 
(0.6) 
45.2  $ 

41.2  $ 

8.8 
3.6 
(2.2) 
(3.6) 
(5.6) 
(0.7) 
41.5  $ 

37.3 
6.0 
4.1 
(1.5) 
(0.3) 
(5.2) 
0.8 
41.2 

The Company records interest and penalties associated with the uncertain tax positions within its provision for income taxes. 
The Company had reserves associated with interest and penalties, net of tax, of $11.0 million and $7.5 million at December 31, 
2022 and 2021, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $3.3 million and $0.5 
million in interest and penalties, net of tax, related to these uncertain tax positions.

The  total  amount  of  unrecognized  tax  benefits  relating  to  the  Company's  tax  positions  is  subject  to  change  based  on  future 
events including, but not limited to, the settlements of ongoing audits and/or the expiration of applicable statutes of limitations. 
Although  the  outcomes  and  timing  of  such  events  are  highly  uncertain,  it  is  reasonably  possible  that  the  balance  of  gross 
unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, could potentially be reduced by up to approximately $12.7 million 
during the next 12 months.

The  provision  for  income  taxes  involves  a  significant  amount  of  management  judgment  regarding  interpretation  of  relevant 
facts and laws in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Future changes in applicable laws, projected levels of taxable 
income  and  tax  planning  could  change  the  effective  tax  rate  and  tax  balances  recorded  by  the  Company.  In  addition,  tax 
authorities  periodically  review  income  tax  returns  filed  by  the  Company  and  can  raise  issues  regarding  its  filing  positions, 
timing  and  amount  of  income  or  deductions  and  the  allocation  of  income  among  the  jurisdictions  in  which  the  Company 
operates. A significant period of time may elapse between the filing of an income tax return and the ultimate resolution of an 
issue  raised  by  a  tax  authority  with  respect  to  that  return.  In  the  normal  course  of  business,  the  Company  is  subject  to 
examination  by  taxing  authorities  throughout  the  world,  including  such  major  jurisdictions  as  Australia,  Canada,  France, 
Germany,  Italy,  Mexico,  the  Netherlands,  Poland  and  the  U.S.  In  general,  the  examination  of  the  material  tax  returns  of 
subsidiaries of the Company is complete for the years prior to 2009, with certain matters being resolved through appeals and 
litigation.

NOTE 19 – EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)

Basic  EPS  is  calculated  by  dividing  Net  earnings  attributable  to  Allegion  plc  by  the  weighted-average  number  of  ordinary 
shares  outstanding  for  the  applicable  period.  Diluted  EPS  is  calculated  after  adjusting  the  denominator  of  the  basic  EPS 
calculation for the effect of all potentially dilutive ordinary shares, which in the Company’s case, includes shares issuable under 
its share-based compensation plans.

The following table summarizes the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per 
share calculations:

In millions
Weighted-average number of basic shares
Shares issuable under share-based compensation plans
Weighted-average number of diluted shares

2022

2021

2020

88.0 
0.3 
88.3 

89.9 
0.6 
90.5 

92.3 
0.5 
92.8 

At  December  31,  2022,  0.5  million  stock  options  were  excluded  from  the  computation  of  weighted-average  diluted  shares 
outstanding because the effect of including these shares would have been anti-dilutive. 

F-30

NOTE 20 – NET REVENUES

The following table shows the Company's Net revenues related to both tangible product sales and services for the years ended 
December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020,  respectively,  disaggregated  by  business  segment.  Net revenues  are shown  by  tangible 
product sales  and  services,  as  contract terms,  conditions  and  economic factors  affecting  the nature,  amount,  timing  and 
uncertainty around revenue recognition and cash flows are substantially similar within each of these two revenue streams: 

In millions
Products
Services
Total Net revenues

In millions
Products
Services
Total Net revenues

In millions
Products
Services
Total Net revenues

Allegion 
Americas

2022

Allegion 
International

2,476.7  $ 
74.9 
2,551.6  $ 

683.1  $ 

37.2 

720.3  $ 

Allegion 
Americas

2021

Allegion 
International

2,070.4  $ 
1.8 
2,072.2  $ 

763.1  $ 

32.1 

795.2  $ 

Allegion 
Americas

2020

Allegion 
International

2,016.7  $ 
— 
2,016.7  $ 

672.2  $ 

31.0 

703.2  $ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Total

3,159.8 
112.1 
3,271.9 

Total

2,833.5 
33.9 
2,867.4 

Total

2,688.9 
31.0 
2,719.9 

Historically,  approximately  99%  of  the  Company's  consolidated  Net  revenues  have  involved  contracts  with  a  single 
performance obligation, the transfer of control of a product or bundle of products to a customer. However, with the acquisition 
of  the  Access  Technologies  business,  which  offers  extensive  planned  inspection,  maintenance  and  repair  services  for  its 
automatic entrance solutions throughout the U.S. and Canada, the percentage of Net revenues from services has increased.

As  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  neither  the  contract  assets  related  to  the  Company's  right  to  consideration  for  work 
completed but not billed nor the contract liabilities associated with contract revenue were material. The Company does not have 
any  costs  to  obtain  or  fulfill  a  contract  that  are  capitalized  on  its  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets.  During  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, no adjustments related to performance obligations satisfied in previous periods were recorded. 

NOTE 21 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company is involved in various litigation, claims and administrative proceedings, including those related to environmental 
and  product  warranty  matters.  Amounts  recorded  for  identified  contingent  liabilities  are  estimates,  which  are  reviewed 
periodically and adjusted to reflect additional information when it becomes available. Subject to the uncertainties inherent in 
estimating future costs for contingent liabilities, except as expressly set forth in this note, management believes that any liability 
which  may  result  from  these  legal  matters  would  not  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the  financial  condition,  results  of 
operations, liquidity or cash flows of the Company.

Environmental Matters

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company has recorded reserves for environmental matters of $24.1 million and $16.4 
million, respectively. The total reserve at December 31, 2022 and 2021, included $13.8 million and $4.3 million, respectively, 
related to remediation of sites previously disposed by the Company. Environmental reserves are classified as Accrued expenses 
and other current liabilities or Other noncurrent liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the timing of their 
expected future payment. The Company's total current environmental reserve at December 31, 2022 and 2021, was $3.9 million 
and $3.7 million, respectively, and the remainder is classified as noncurrent.

The  Company  incurred  $2.9  million,  $0.9  million  and  $7.1  million  of  expenses  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022, 
2021  and  2020,  respectively,  for  environmental  remediation  at  sites  presently  or  formerly  owned  or  leased  by  the  Company. 
Environmental  remediation  costs  are  recorded  in  Costs  of  goods  sold  within  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive 
Income. Given the evolving nature of environmental laws, regulations and technology, the ultimate cost of future compliance is 
uncertain.

Warranty Liability

The changes in the standard product warranty liability for the years ended December 31, were as follows:

F-31

In millions
Balance at beginning of period
Reductions for payments
Accruals for warranties issued during the current period
Changes to accruals related to preexisting warranties
Acquisitions/divestitures
Translation
Balance at end of period

2022

2021

2020

17.7  $ 
(9.1) 
8.8 
— 
1.4 
(0.6) 
18.2  $ 

16.5  $ 
(10.6) 
11.9 
— 
— 
(0.1) 
17.7  $ 

15.9 
(7.3) 
8.2 
(0.6) 
— 
0.3 
16.5 

$ 

$ 

Standard  product  warranty  liabilities  are  classified  as  Accrued  expenses  and  other  current  liabilities  or  Other  noncurrent 
liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the timing of the expected future payments.  

NOTE 22 – BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company classifies its business into the following two reportable segments based on industry and market focus: Allegion 
Americas  and  Allegion  International.  The  Company  largely  evaluates  performance  based  on  Segment  operating  income  and 
Segment  operating  margin.  Segment  operating  income  is  the  measure  of  profit  and  loss  that  the  Company’s  chief  operating 
decision maker uses to evaluate the financial performance of the business and as the basis for resource allocation, performance 
reviews and compensation. For these reasons, the Company believes Segment operating income represents the most relevant 
measure of segment profit and loss. The Company’s chief operating decision maker may exclude certain charges or gains, such 
as corporate charges and other special charges, from Operating income to arrive at a Segment operating income that is a more 
meaningful  measure  of  profit  and  loss  upon  which  to  base  operating  decisions.  The  Company  defines  Segment  operating 
margin as Segment operating income (loss) as a percentage of the segment's Net revenues.

As previously announced, effective January 1, 2021, the Company combined its previous operations in Europe, the Middle East 
and Africa ("EMEA") and Asia Pacific into a new segment named Allegion International, in addition to renaming its Americas 
segment  "Allegion  Americas".  Business  segment  information  for  EMEA  and  Asia  Pacific  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2020, has been combined in the table below to reflect this change in reportable segments.

F-32

A summary of operations and balance sheet information by reportable segments as of and for the years ended December 31, 
were as follows:

Dollar amounts in millions
Allegion Americas
Net revenues
Segment operating income
Segment operating margin
Depreciation and amortization
Capital expenditures
Total segment assets

Allegion International
Net revenues
Segment operating income (loss)
Segment operating margin
Depreciation and amortization
Capital expenditures
Total segment assets

Total Net revenues

Reconciliation to earnings before income taxes
Segment operating income from reportable segments
Unallocated corporate expense
Interest expense
Loss on divestitures
Other (income) expense, net
Total earnings before income taxes

Depreciation and amortization from reportable segments
Unallocated depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization

Capital expenditures from reportable segments
Corporate capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures

Assets from reportable segments
Unallocated assets(a)
Total assets

$ 

2022

2021

2020

$ 

2,551.6 
613.3 
 24.0 %
55.3 
49.2 
2,410.2 

720.3 
68.3 
 9.5 %
36.6 
11.7 
1,150.9 

$ 

2,072.2 
525.0 
 25.3 %
34.8 
30.7 
1,309.6 

795.2 
82.4 
 10.4 %
40.4 
11.4 
1,276.9 

2,016.7 
580.2 
 28.8 %
34.5 
26.9 
1,249.0 

703.2 
(102.1) 

 (14.5) %
39.0 
15.6 
1,343.5 

$ 

3,271.9 

$ 

2,867.4 

$ 

2,719.9 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

681.6 
95.2 
75.9 
7.6 
(11.6) 
514.5 

91.9 
3.2 
95.1 

60.9 
3.1 
64.0 

3,561.1 
430.1 
3,991.2 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

607.4 
77.2 
50.2 
— 
(44.0) 
524.0 

75.2 
4.0 
79.2 

42.1 
3.3 
45.4 

2,586.5 
464.5 
3,051.0 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

478.1 
74.6 
51.1 
— 
(13.0) 
365.4 

73.5 
4.5 
78.0 

42.5 
4.6 
47.1 

2,592.5 
476.9 
3,069.4 

(a)

Unallocated assets consist primarily of investments in unconsolidated affiliates, property, plant and equipment, net,
ROU assets, deferred income taxes and cash and cash equivalents.

Net revenues by destination and nature of products and services for the years ended December 31, were as follows:

In millions
U.S.
Non-U.S.
Total Net revenues

In millions
Mechanical products
Electronic products(a)
Services and software(b)
Total Net revenues

2022

2021

2020

2,402.7  $ 
869.2 
3,271.9  $ 

1,948.9  $ 
918.5 
2,867.4  $ 

1,905.5 
814.4 
2,719.9 

2022

2021

2020

2,302.3  $ 
857.5 
112.1 
3,271.9  $ 

2,045.4  $ 
788.1 
33.9 
2,867.4  $ 

1,898.6 
790.3 
31.0 
2,719.9 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

F-33

(a)

(b)

Electronic  products  encompass  both  residential  and  non-residential  products,  and  include  all  electrified  product
categories, including, but not limited to, electronic and electrified locks, access control systems, time, attendance and
workforce productivity solutions and electronic and electrified door controls and systems and exit devices.

Services and software revenues include inspection, maintenance and repair, design and installation, aftermarket and
locksmith  services,  as  well  as  SaaS  offerings  such  as  access  control,  IoT  integration  and  workforce  management
solutions.

In fiscal year 2022, 2021 and 2020, no customer exceeded 10% of consolidated Net revenues.

At December 31, long-lived assets by geographic area were as follows:

In millions
U.S.
Non-U.S.
Total

2022

2021

$ 

$ 

430.5  $ 
376.7 
807.2  $ 

231.7 
385.6 
617.3 

NOTE 23 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On January 3, 2023, the Company acquired the assets of plano.group ("plano"), a SaaS workforce management solution based 
in  Germany,  through  its  subsidiaries,  for  cash  consideration  of  approximately  $37  million,  with  additional  consideration 
payable  in  future  periods  in  the  event  that  plano  achieves  certain  specified  financial  results.  The  plano  business  will  be 
incorporated into the Company's Allegion International segment.

On February 9, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.45 cents per ordinary share. The 
dividend is payable March 31, 2023, to shareholders of record on March 15, 2023. 

F-34

ALLEGION PLC
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022, 2021 AND 2020
(Amounts in millions)

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts:

Balance December 31, 2019

Adoption of ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses
Additions charged to costs and expenses

Deductions*

Currency translation
Balance December 31, 2020

Additions charged to costs and expenses

Deductions*

Currency translation
Balance December 31, 2021

Additions charged to costs and expenses

Deductions*

Divestitures

Currency translation
Balance December 31, 2022

*

"Deductions" include accounts and advances written off, less recoveries.

SCHEDULE II

$ 

$ 

5.6 

1.9 

2.4 

(3.9) 

0.2 

6.2 

0.1 

(0.7) 

(0.2) 

5.4 

2.1 

(0.8) 

(0.3) 

(0.4) 

6.0 

F-35

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