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Almaden Minerals Ltd.

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FY2014 Annual Report · Almaden Minerals Ltd.
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UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISION 
Washington,  D.C. 20549 

FORM 20-F 

(   ) REGISTRATION  STATEMENT  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  12(b)  OR  (g)  OF  THE  SECURITIES 

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

OR 

(X)  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT 

OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2014 

OR 

(  )  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE 

ACT OF 1934 

OR 

(   ) SHELL  COMPANY  REPORT  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  13  OR  15(d)  OF  THE  SECURITIES 

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

  Date of event requiring this shell company report  

For the transition  period from _____________________ to ____________________ 

Commission file number 001-32702 

ALMADEN MINERALS LTD. 
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) 

British Columbia, Canada 
(Jurisdiction  of incorporation  or organization) 

750 West Pender Street, #1103, Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 2T8 
(Address of principal  executive offices) 

Korm Trieu, ktrieu@almadenminerals.com, 750 West Pender Street, #1103, Vancouver, BC V6C 2T8 
(Name, Telephone, E-mail  and/or Facsimile  number and Address of Company Contact Person) 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act. 

Title of each class 

Name of each exchange on which registered 

Common Stock without Par Value                                 NYSE MKT 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act. 

None 
(Title of Class) 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation  pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act. 

None 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicate the number of outstanding  shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the 
close of the period covered by the annual report. 

68,728,321 

Indicate  by  check  mark  if  the  registrant  is  a  well-known  seasoned  issuer,  as  defined  in  Rule  405  of  the 
Securities Act. 

(   ) Yes  ( X )  No 

If  this  report  is  an  annual  or  transition  report,  indicate  by  check  mark  if  the  registrant  is  not  required  to  file 
report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 

(   ) Yes  ( X )  No 

Indicate by check mark weather the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) 
of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934  during  the  preceding  12  months  (or  for  such  shorter  period  that  the 
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 
days. 

 ( X ) Yes  (  )  No 

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  has  submitted  electronically  and  posted on its corporate Web 
site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation 
S-T  (§232.405  of  this  chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant 
was required to submit and post such files).  

(   )  Yes  (   )  No 

As  a  foreign  private  issuer  that  prepares  its  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  issued  by the International Accounting Standards Board 
(“IASB”), the Registrant is required to submit to the SEC and post on its corporate website Interactive 
Data Files (as defined by Item 11 of Regulation S-T) pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T.  

However, it is the view of the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance and Office of the Chief Accountant 
that the Registrant is not required to submit to the SEC and post on its corporate website Interactive 
Data Files until the SEC specifies on its website an IFRS taxonomy for use by foreign private issuers in 
preparing their Interactive Data Files.   

As  of  the  submission  date  of  this  Annual  Report on Form 20-F, the SEC has not specified an IFRS 
taxonomy for the Registrant to use in preparing its Interactive Data Files. 

Indicate  by  check  mark  weather  the  registrant  is  a  large  accelerated  filer,  an  accelerated  filer  or  a  non-
accelerated filer.  See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange 
Act. 

Large accelerated filer (   ) 

Accelerated filer (   )  

Non-accelerated filer (X) 

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting  the registrant has used to prepare the financial  statements 
included  in  this filing:   

U.S. GAAP (   ) 

International  Financial  Reporting  Standards as issued 
by the International  Accounting Standards Board 

(X) 

Other (   ) 

2 

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question,  indicate  by check mark which financial 
statement item the registrant has elected to follow. 

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 
12b-2 of the Exchange Act). 

(    )  Item 17   (   ) Item 18 

(   )  Yes  ( X )  No 

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDS DURING THE PAST 
FIVE YEARS) 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed  all documents and reports required to be filed  by Section 
12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution  of securities under a plan 
confirmed by a court. 

(   )  Yes  (   )  No 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Page 

Glossary of Geologic  and Mining  Terms 
Notes Concerning Terminology  Related to Resources and Reserves 
Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Regarding Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates 
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking  Statements 

Item 1 

Item 2 

Item 3 

Item 4 

Item 5 

Item 6 

Item 7 

Item 8 

Item 9 

Item 10 

Item 11 

Item 12 

Item 13 

Item 14 

PART I 

Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers 

Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable 

Key Information 

Information  on the Company 

Operating and Financial  Review and Prospects 

Directors, Senior Management and Employees 

Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions 

Financial  Information 

The Offer and Listing 

Additional  Information 

Quantitative and Qualitative  Disclosures About Market Risk 

Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities 

PART II 

Defaults, Dividend  Arrearages and Delinquencies 

Material Modifications  to the Rights of Security Holders and 
  Use of Proceeds 

Item 15 

Controls and Procedures 

Item 16A 
Item 16B 
Item 16C 
Item 16D 
Item 16E 
Item 16F 
Item 16G 
Item 16H 

Item 17 
Item 18 

Item 19 

Signatures 

Audit Committee Financial  Expert 
Code of Ethics 
Principal  Accountant Fees and Services 
Exemptions  from the Listing  Standards for Audit Committees 
Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers 
Change in Registrant’s Certifying  Accounts 
Corporate Governance 
Mine Safety Disclosure 

PART III 

Financial  Statements 
Financial  Statements 

Exhibits 

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18 

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4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Glossary of Geologic and Mining Terms 

Adularia:  A colourless, moderate to low-temperature variety of orthoclase feldspar typically with a relatively high 
barium content.  It is a prominent constituent of low sulphidation epithermal veins. 

Alkalic Intrusive:  An igneous rock emplaced below ground level in which the feldspar is dominantly sodic and or 
potassic. 

Alkalinity:  The chemical nature of solutions characterized by a high concentration of hydroxyl ions. 

Alteration:  Usually referring to chemical reactions in a rock mass resulting from the passage of hydrothermal 
fluids. 

Andesite:  A dark-coloured, fine-grained extrusive rock that, when porphyritic, contains phenocrysts composed 
primarily of zoned sodic plagioclase (esp. andesine) and one or more of the mafic minerals (eg. Biotite, horn-blende, 
pyroxene),  with  a  ground-mass  composed  generally  of  the  same  minerals  as  the  phenocrysts;  the  extrusive 
equivalent of diorite.  Andesite grades into latite with increasing alkali feldspar content, and into dacite with more 
alkali feldspar and quartz.  It was named by Buch in 1826 from the Andes Mountains, South America. 

Anomalous:    A  geological  feature,  often  subsurface,  distinguished  by  geological,  geochemical  or  geophysical 
means, which is detectably different than the general surroundings and is often of potential economic value. 

Anomaly:  Any concentration of metal noticeably  above or below the average background concentration. 

Argillic:  A form of alteration characterized by the alteration of original  minerals to clays. 

Arsenopyrite:  A sulphide of arsenic and iron with the chemical composition  FeAsS. 

Assay:  An analysis to determine the presence, absence or quantity of one or more components.  

Axis:    An  imaginary  hinge  line  about  which  the  fold  limbs  are  bent.  The  axis  of  a  fold  can  be  at  the top or 
bottom of the fold,  can be tilted or horizontal. 

Batholith:    An  intrusion,  usually  granitic,  which  has  a  large  exposed  surface area and no observable bottom. 
Usually associated with orogenic belts. 

Bathymetry survey:  A geophysical survey that uses echo sounding to determine water depth. 

Breccia:  Rock consisting of more or less angular fragments in a matrix of finer-grained material or cementing 
material.  

Brecciated:  Rock broken up by geological forces. 

Bulk sample:  A very large sample, the kind of sample to take from broken rock or of gravels and sands when 
testing placer deposits. 

Calc-silicate:    Calcium-bearing  silicate  minerals.  These  minerals  are  commonly  formed  as  a  result  of  the 
interaction  of  molten  rock  and  its  derived,  hot  hydrothermal  fluids  with  very  chemically  reactive  calcium 
carbonate  (limestone).  Calc-silicate  minerals  include  garnet,  pyroxene,  amphibole  and  epidote.  These  minerals 
are commonly described as skarn and are genetically and spatially  associated with a wide range of metals 

Carbonate replacement deposit:  A style of silver lead zinc mineralization in limestones. 

Chert:  A very fine grained siliceous rock.  Many limestones contain nodules and thin lenses of chert. 

Chip sample:  A sample composed of discontinuous chips taken along a surface across a given line. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Claim:    That  portion  of  public  mineral  lands,  which  a  party  has  staked  or  marked  out  in  accordance  with 
provincial  or state mining  laws, to acquire the right to explore for the minerals under the surface. 

Clastic:    Consisting  of  rock  material  that  has  been  mechanically  derived,  transported,  and  deposited.    Such 
material is also called detrital. 

Cleavage:  The tendency of a crystal to split, or break, along planes of structural weakness. 

Columnar  Jointing:    A  pattern  of  jointing  that  breaks  rock  into  rough,  six-sided  columns.    Such  jointing  is 
characteristic of basaltic flows and sills and is believed to result from shrinkage during cooling. 

Concordant Bodies:  Intrusive igneous bodies whose contacts are parallel to the bedding of the intruded rock. 

Conglomerate:    Rock  composed  of  mostly  rounded  fragments  which  are  of  gravel  size  or  larger  in  a  finer 
grained matrix. 

Craton:  A central stable region common to nearly all continents and composed chiefly of highly metamorphosed 
Precambrian rocks. 

Cretaceous:  Geological time period between 136 and 64 million  years ago. 

Crystalline:  Means the specimen is made up of one or more groups of crystals. 

Cut-off grade:  The minimum grade of mineralization used to establish quantitative and qualitative estimates of 
total mineralization. 

Dacite:    A  fine  grained  acid  volcanic  rock,  similar  to  rhyolite  in  which  the  feldspar  is  predominantly 
plagioclase. 

Degradation:  The ongoing process of erosion in a stream. 

Diabase:    Igneous  hypabyssal  rocks.  The  name is applied differently in different parts of the world leading to 
considerable confusion. 

Diagenesis:  The changes that occur in a sediment during and after lithification.  These changes include compaction, 
cementation, replacement, and recrystallization. 

Diamond  drill:    A  type  of  rotary drill in which the cutting is done by abrasion using diamonds embedded in a 
matrix rather than by percussion. The drill  cuts a core of rock which is recovered in long cylindrical  sections. 

Dilution:  Results from the mixing  in of unwanted gangue or waste rock with the ore during mining. 

Dip:    Geological  measurement  of  the  angle  of  maximum  slope of planar elements in rocks. Can be applied to 
beddings,  jointing,  fault planes, etc. 

Discordant  Bodies:    Intrusive  igneous  bodies  whose  contacts  cut  across  the  bedding,  or  other  pre-existing 
structures, to the intruded rock. 

Disseminated  deposit:    Deposit  in  which the mineralization is scattered through a large volume of host rock, 
sometimes as separate mineral grains, or sometimes along  joint  or fault surfaces. 

Dolomite:  A magnesium bearing limestone usually  containing  at least 15% magnesium carbonate. 

Dunite:  An intrusive, monomineralic, ultramafic rock composed almost completely of magnesian olivine. 

Dyke:  A tabular, discordant, intrusive igneous body. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earn in:  The right to acquire an interest in a property pursuant to an Option Agreement. 

Ejecta:  Pyroclastic material thrown out or ejected by a volcano. It includes ash, volcanic bombs, and lapilli. 

Epithermal:    Epithermal deposits are a class of ore deposits that form generally less than 1 km from surface. 
These deposits, which can host economic quantities of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc are formed as a result 
of the precipitation of ore minerals from up-welling hydrothermal fluids. There are several classes of epithermal 
deposits  that  are  defined  on  the  basis  of  fluid  chemistry  and  resulting  alteration  and  ore  mineralogy.  Fluid 
chemistry is largely  controlled  by the proximity  to igneous  intrusive  rocks and as a result igneous fluid  content. 

Extrusive Rock:  Igneous rock that has solidified on the earth’s surface from volcanic action. 

Fault:  A fracture in a rock where there had been displacement of the two sides. 

Faults:  Breaks in rocks with noticeable movement or displacement of the rocks on either side of the break. 

Feldspar:  A group of aluminum silicate minerals closely related in chemical composition and physical properties.  
There are two major chemical varieties of feldspar:  the potassium aluminum, or potash, feldspars and the sodium-
calcium-aluminum,  or plagioclase, feldspars.  The feldspars possess a tetrahedral framework of silicon and oxygen, 
with the partial substitution of aluminum for the silicon.  They make up about 60 percent of the earth’s crust. 

Felsic:    Light  colored  silicate  minerals,  mainly  quartz  and  feldspar,  or  an  igneous  rock  comprised  largely  of 
felsic minerals (granite, rhyolite). 

Fluid inclusion:  A cavity, with or without negative crystal faces, containing one or two fluid phases, and possibly 
one or more minute crystals, in a host crystal.  If two fluid phases are present, the vapor phase (bubble) may show 
Brownian motion. 

Folds:    Are  flexures in bedded or layered rocks. They are formed when forces are applied gradually to rocks 
over a long period of time. 

Fracture:  Breaks in a rock, usually due to intensive folding  or faulting. 

Gabbro:    A  group  of  dark-coloured,  basic  intrusive  igneous  rocks  composed  principally  of  basic  plagioclase 
(commonly labradorite or bytownite) and  clinopyroxene (augite), with or without olivine and orthopyroxene; also, 
any member of that group.  It is the approximate intrusive equivalent of basalt.  Apatite and magnetite or ilmenite 
are common accessory minerals. 

Gambusino:  Small miners working without machinery. 

Gangue:  Term used to describe worthless minerals or rock waste mixed in with the valuable minerals. 

Geochemical Anomaly:  An area of elevated values of a particular element in soil or rock samples collected during 
the preliminary reconnaissance search for locating favourable metal concentrations that could indicate the presence 
of surface or drill targets. 

Geochemistry:  The study of the chemistry of rocks, minerals, and mineral deposits. 

Geophysics:  The study of the physical properties of rocks, minerals, and mineral deposits. 

Gneiss:  A coarse grained metamorphic rock characterized by alternating bands of unlike minerals, commonly light 
bands of quartz and feldspar and dark bands of mica and hornblende. 

Gossan:  The leached and oxidized near surface part of a sulphide mineral deposit, usually consisting largely of 
hydrated iron  oxides left after copper and other minerals have been removed by downward leaching. 

Gouge:  The finely ground rock that results from the abrasion along  a fault surface. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Grade:    The  concentration  of  each  ore  metal  in  a  rock  sample,  usually  given  as  weight  percent.  Where 
extremely  low  concentrations  are  involved,  the  concentration  may be given in grams per tonne (g/t) or ounces 
per tonne (oz/t). The grade of an ore deposit is calculated, often using sophisticated statistical procedures, as an 
average of the grades of a very large number of samples collected from throughout the deposit. 

Granite:  A coarse grained, plutonic igneous rock that is normally pale pink, pale pink-brown, or pale grey, and 
composed of quartz,  alkali  feldspar, micas and accessory minerals. 

Granodiorite:  A course grained, plutonic igneous rock that is normally pale grey, and composed of quartz, calc-
alkali feldspar, micas and accessory minerals. 

Gravity survey:  A geophysical survey which measures the variations of the earth’s gravitational field in order to 
differentiate between rocks of contrasting specific gravities. 

Grid:  A network composed of two sets of uniformly spaced parallel lines, usually intersecting at right angles and 
forming squares, superimposed on a map, chart, or aerial photograph, to permit identification of ground locations by 
means  of  a  system  or  coordinates  and  to  facilitate  computation  of  direction and distance and size of geologic, 
geochemical or geophysical features. 

Hanging  wall  and  Footwall:  Terms  used  in  reference  to  faults  where  when  mining  along  a  fault,  your  feet 
would be in the footwall  side of the fault and the other side would  be “hanging”  over your head. 

Hectare:  A square of 100 meters on each side. 

Host rock:  The rock within which the ore deposit occurs. 

Hydrothermal:   Of or pertaining to hot water, to the action of hot water, or to the products of this action, such 
as  a  mineral  deposit  precipitated  from  a  hot  aqueous solution; also, said of the solution itself.  “Hydrothermal” 
is generally used for any hot water, but has been restricted by some to water of magmatic origin. 

Igneous:  Means a rock formed by the cooling of molten silicate material. 

Ignimbrite:  The rock formed by the widespread deposition and consolidation of ash flows and nues ardentes.  The 
term includes welded tuff and non-welded but recrystallized ash flows. 

Induced polarization (I.P.) method:  The method used to measure various electrical responses to the passage 
of  alternating  currents  of  different  frequencies  through  near-surface  rocks  or  to  the  passage  of  pulses  of 
electricity.  

Intermediate:  An igneous rock made up of both felsic and mafic minerals (diorite). 

Intrusion:  General term for a body of igneous rock formed below the surface. 

Intrusive Rock:  Any igneous rock solidified from magma beneath the earth’s surface. 

Joint  venture  agreement:    An  agreement  where the parties agree to the terms on which a property will be 
jointly  explored,  developed,  and mined. (See also “Option agreement” and “Earn in”). 

Jurassic:  Geological time period between 195 and 136 million years ago. 

Kimberlite:  A kimberlite is a pipe-like volcano sourced from deep within the earth under extreme temperatures 
and pressures.  It is the host rock for diamonds and diamond indicator minerals such as kimberlitic ilmenites and 
garnets. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kriging:  (a) A statistical technique employed in calculating grade and tonnage of ore reserves from sampling data.  
The data are handled by computer.  (b) A technique for interpolating which honors data points exactly.  An output 
point  is  calculated  as  a  linear  combination  of  known  data  points.    Kriging  attempts  to  produce  the best linear 
unbiased estimate.  Used to interpolate between drill holes. 

K-silicate:    Potassium-bearing silicates. Potassium silicates are very common rock-forming minerals, however 
they  are  also  formed  by  the  interaction  of  hyrothermal  fluids  derived  from the cooling intrusive rocks that are 
genetically  and  spatially  associated  with porphyry and epithermal deposits. Potassium feldspar (orthoclase) and 
potassium  mica  (biotite)  are  both  commonly  closely  associated  with  copper-molybdenum  ore  in  porphyry 
copper deposits. 

K-spar:  Potassium feldspar. 

Lamprophyre:  A group of dike rocks in which dark minerals occur both as phenocrysts and in the groundmass and 
light minerals occur in the groundmass.  Essential constituents are biotite, hornblende, pyroxene, and feldspar or 
feldspathoids.  Most lamprophyres are highly altered.  They are commonly associated with carbonatites. 

Lava:    Means  an  igneous  rock  formed  by the cooling of molten silicate material which escapes to the earth’s 
surface or pours out onto the sea floor. 

Limestone:    Sedimentary  rock  that  is  composed  mostly  of  carbonates,  the  two  most  common  of  which  are 
calcium and magnesium  carbonates. 

Lithosphere:  The crust and upper mantle, located above the asthenosphere and composing the rigid plates. 

Mafic:    A general term used to describe ferromagnesian minerals. Rocks composed mainly of ferromagnesian 
minerals are correctly termed melanocratic. 

Magma:    Naturally  occurring  molten  rock  material,  generated  within  the  earth  and  capable  of  intrusion  and 
extrusion, from which igneous rocks have been derived through solidification and related processes.  It may or may 
not contain suspended solids (such as crystals and rock fragments) and/or gas phases. 

Massive:    Implies  large  mass.  Applied  in  the  context  of  hand  specimens  of,  for  example,  sulphide  ores,  it 
usually  means the specimen is composed essentially  of sulphides  with few, if any, other constituents. 

Metamorphic:  Means any rock which is altered within the earth’s crust by the effects of heat and/or pressure 
and/or chemical reactions.  Pertains to the process of metamorphism or to its results. 

Metasediment:  A sediment or sedimentary rock that shows evidence of having been subjected to metamorphism. 

Metavolcanic:  An informal term for volcanic rocks that show evidence of having been subject to metamorphism. 

Mineral claim:  A legal entitlement to minerals in a certain defined area of ground. 

Mineral Deposit or Mineralized Material:  A mineralized underground body which has been intersected by 
sufficient closely spaced drill holes and or underground sampling to support sufficient tonnage and average grade of 
metal(s)  to  warrant  further  exploration-development  work.    This  deposit  does  not  qualify  as  a  commercially 
mineable  ore  body  (Reserves),  as  prescribed  under  Commission  standards,  until  a  final  and  comprehensive 
economic, technical, and legal feasibility study based upon the test results is concluded 

Mineral:    A  naturally  occurring,  inorganic,  solid  element  or  compound  that  possesses  an  orderly  internal 
arrangement of atoms and a unique set of physical and chemical properties. 

Mineralization:  Usually implies  minerals of value occurring in rocks.  

Monocline:  A structure in which a bed exhibits local steepening of otherwise uniform dip. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
National Instrument 43-101  or NI 43-101:  A rule developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators and 
administered  by  the  provincial  securities  commissions  that  govern  how  issuers disclose scientific and technical 
information  about  their  mineral  projects  to  the  public.    It  covers  oral statements as well as written documents 
and  websites.    It  requires  that  all  disclosure  be  based  on  advice  by  a  “qualified  person”  and  in  some 
circumstances that the person be independent of the issuer and the property. 

Net  profits  interest:    A  contractual  granted  right  to  some  portion  of the profits after deduction of expenses 
sometimes expressed as a form of royalty. 

Net smelter returns:  Means the amount actually paid to the mine or mill owner from the sale of ore, minerals 
and other materials or concentrates mined and removed from mineral properties. A royalty based on net smelter 
returns usually  provides cash flow that is free of any operating or capital costs and environmental liabilities. 

Option agreement:  An agreement where the optionee can exercise certain options to acquire or  increase an 
interest  in  a  property  by  making  periodic  payments  or  share  issuances  or both  to the optionor or by exploring, 
developing  or  producing  from  the optionor’s property or both.   Usually upon the acquisition of such interest, all 
operations thereafter are on a joint venture basis. 

Ordinary  kriging:    The  basic  technique  of  kriging  and  uses  a  weighted  average  of  neighboring samples  to 
estimate  the  'unknown'  value  at  a  given  location.    Weights  are  optimized using the semi-variogram model,  the 
location  of  the  samples  and  all  the  relevant  inter-relationships  between  known  and  unknown  values.  The 
technique also provides  a "standard error" which may be used to quantify confidence levels. 

Ore:    A  natural  aggregate  of  one  or  more  minerals  which  may  be  mined  and sold at a profit, or from which 
some part may be profitably  separated. 

Ore reserve:  The measured quantity and grade of all or part of a mineralized body in a mine or undeveloped 
mineral  deposit  for  which  the  mineralization  is  sufficiently  defined  and  measured  on  three  sides  to  form  the 
basis of at least a preliminary  mine production  plan for economically  viable  mining. 

Orogeny:  The process of forming mountains by folding  and thrusting. 

Outcrop:  An in situ exposure of bedrock. 

Overburden:  A general term for any material covering or obscuring rocks from view. 

oz/t or opt:  Ounces per tonne. 

Paleozoic:  An era of geologic time, from the end of the Precambrian to the beginning of the Mesozoic, or from 
about 570 to about 225 million years ago. 

Panel Sample:  A large volume/weight continuous rock chip sample collected over a definite area (e.g. 0.25m X 
0.50m), and to a uniform depth (e.g. 2.5cm or 1 inch), on a mineral zone.  Panel sampling is generally employed in a 
trenching program to obtain more representative grades particularly of a narrow mineralized structure such as a vein. 

Peridotite:  A coarse grained ultramafic rock commonly consisting of olivine and pyroxenes. 

Phenocrysts:  An unusually large crystal in a relatively  finer grained matrix. 

Phonolite:  Any extrusive rock composed of alkali feldspar, mafic minerals and any feldspathoid, such as nepheline, 
leucite, or sodalite. 

Pluton:  Term for an igneous intrusion,  usually  formed from magma. 

Porphyry:  An igneous rock composed of larger crystals set within a finer ground mass. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pyroclastic rock:  A rock of volcanic  origin  consisting  of highly  variable mixture  of rock fragments, cinders 
and ashes and bits of crystals and glass. 

Pyroxenites:  Ultramafic plutonic rock chiefly composed of pyroxene, with accessory hornblende, biotite, or 
olivine. 

Quartz monzonite:   A course grained, plutonic igneous rock that is normally pale pink, and composed of quartz, 
alkali feldspar, micas and accessory minerals. 

Rare Earth:  A group of rare metallic chemical elements with consecutive atomic numbers of 57 to 71. 

Reclamation bond:  A bond usually required  by governmental mining regulations  when mechanized work on a 
property  is  contemplated.  Proceeds  of  the  bond  are used  to  reclaim  any  workings  or  put  right any damage if 
reclamation undertaken does not satisfy the requirements of the regulations. 

Reserve:  That part of a mineral deposit which could be economically extracted or produced at the time of the 
reserve determination. 

Reserves:  A natural aggregate of one or more minerals which, at a specified time and place, may be mined and 
sold at a profit, or from which some part may be profitably separated. 

Reverse  circulation  drill:      A  rotary  percussion  drill  in  which  the  drilling  mud  and  cuttings  return  to  the 
surface through the drill  pipe. 

Rhyolite:  The fine grained equivalent of granite. 

Royalty interest:  A royalty, the calculation and payment of which is  tied to some production unit such as ton 
of  concentrate  or  ounce  of  gold  or  silver  produced.  A  common  form  of  royalty  interest  is  based  on  the  net 
smelter return.  

Sample:    Small  amount  of  material  that  is  supposed  to  be  absolutely  typical  or  representative  of  the  object 
being sampled.   

Sandstone:    Composed  of  sand-sized  fragments  cemented  together.  As  a  rule  the  fragments  contain  a  high 
percentage of quartz.  

Schist:  A strongly foliated crystalline rock, formed by dynamic metamorphism, that has well-developed parallelism 
of more than 50% of the minerals present, particularly those of lamellar or elongate prismatic habit, e.g. mica and 
hornblende. 

Sedimentary:  A rock formed from cemented or compacted sediments.  

Sediments:    Are  composed  of  the  debris resulting from the weathering and breakup of other rocks that have 
been  deposited  by  or  carried to the oceans by rivers, or left over from glacial erosion or sometimes from wind 
action.  

Selvage:  A marginal zone, as in a dyke or vein, having some distinctive  feature of fabric or composition.    

Sericite:  A fine-grained variety of mica occurring in small scales, especially in  schists.  

Shale:    An  argillaceous  rock consisting of silt or clay-sized particles cemented together. Most shales are quite 
soft, because they contain large amounts of clay minerals.  

Shear zone:  Where a fault affects a width of rock rather than being a single clean break, the width of affected 
rock is referred to as the shear zone. The term implies movement, i.e. shearing. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silicate:    Most  rocks  are  made  up  of  a small number of silicate minerals ranging from quartz (SiO2) to more 
complex 
hornblende 
as 
(Ca2Na(Mg,Fe)4(Al,Fe,Ti)Si8)22(OH)2). 

(KAlSi3O8) 

orthoclase 

minerals 

feldspar 

such 

or 

Sill:  Tabular intrusion  which is sandwiched between layers in the host rock. 

Skarn:   A thermally altered impure limestone in  which material has been added to the original rock.  Skarns are 
generally characterized by the presence of calcium and silica rich minerals. Many skarns contain sulphide minerals 
which in some cases can be of economic value. 

Sonic  drill:    A  drill  used  to  penetrate  soft  sediments  where the drill advance by means of slow rotations and 
sonic vibrations.  Samples of very soft material can be collected with this system. 

Stock:  An igneous intrusive body of unknown depth with a surface exposure of less than 104 square kilometres.  
The sides, or contacts, of a stock, like those of a batholith, are usually steep and broaden with depth. 

Stockwork:   A mineral deposit consisting of a three-dimensional network of closely spaced planar or irregular 
veinlets. 

Strike:  The bearing, or magnetic compass direction, of an imaginary line formed by the intersection of a horizontal 
plane with any planar surface, most commonly with bedding planes or foliation planes in rocks. 

Sulphide minerals:  A mineral compound characterized by the linkage of sulfur with a metal or semimetal; e.g., 
galena. 

Syncline:  A fold in which the bed has been forced down in the middle or up on the sides to form a trough. 

Tailings:  Material rejected from a mill after recoverable valuable minerals have been extracted. 

Tailings pond:  A pond where tailings are disposed of. 

Till:  An unsorted sediment made up of clay, sand and boulders left in the wake of a glaciation. 

Tonne:  Metric ton – 1,000 kilograms – equivalent to 1.1023 tons. 

Tourmaline:    A  group  of  minerals  of  general  formula  (Na,Ca)(Mg,Fe+2,Fe+3,Al,Li)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4;  it 
sometimes contains fluorine in small amounts.  Also, any mineral of the tourmaline group.  Tourmaline occurs in 3-, 
6-,  or  9-sided  prisms, usually vertically striated, or in compact or columnar masses; it is commonly found as an 
accessory mineral in granitic pegmatites, and is widely distributed in acid igneous rocks and in metamorphic rocks.  
It can indicative of alteration associated with porphyry style mineralization. 

Tremolite:  A white to dark-gray monoclinic mineral of the amphibole group: Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2.  It occurs in 
long blade-shaped or short stout prismatic crystals, and also in columnar or fibrous masses, esp. in metamorphic 
rocks such as crystalline dolomitic limestone and talc schist.  It is a constituent of much commercial talc. alteration 
— usually  referring to chemical reactions in a rock mass resulting from the passage of hydrothermal fluids. 

Triassic: Geological time period between 225 and 195 million years ago. 

Tuff  :  A finer grained pyroclastic rock made up mostly of ash and other fine grained volcanic material. 

Veins:    The  mineral  deposits  that  are  found  filling  openings  in  rocks  created  by  faults  or  replacing  rocks  on 
either side of faults. 

Vuggy  silica:    In  a  high  sulphidation  epithermal  environment,  the  highly  acidic  waters  have  dissolved 
everything  but  silica  resulting  in  a highly porous and pox marker rock which is a good host for gold deposition. 
It is an indicator  mineralization  typical of epithermal  rocks. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Waste:  Rock which is not ore. Usually referred to that rock which has to be removed during the normal course 
of mining  in order to get at the ore. 

Glossary of Abbreviations 

Ag:  Silver 
Ag gm/t:  Silver grade measured in grams per metric ton 
                  Converts to ounces per ton by dividing by 34.286 
Au:  Gold 
Au gm/t:  Gold grade measured in grams per metric ton 
                 Converts to ounces per ton by dividing by 34.286 
Ba:  Barium 
Co:  Cobalt 
CRD: Carbonate replacement deposit 
Cu:  Copper 
EIS: Environmental Impact Statement 
Fe:  Iron 
gpm: gallons per minute 
gpt: grams per tonne 
g/t:   grams per tonne 
IP:  Induced Polarization geophysical survey 
masl:  meters above sea level 
Ni:  Nickel 
NSR:  net smelter return royalty 
opt: ounces per ton 
Oz:  Troy ounce 
Pb:  Lead 
Pd:  Palladium 
PGM: Platinum group minerals 
Pt:  Platinum 
QA/QC:  Quality Assurance/Quality Control 
S:   Sulphur 
tpd: Tonnes per day 
ton: Short ton (2,000 pounds) 
tonne: Metric ton (1000 kilograms - 2204.62 pounds) 
VLF: Very low frequency electromagnetic geophysical survey 
VMS:  Volcanogenic massive sulphide 

13 

 
 
 
NOTES CONCERNING TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO RESOURCES AND RESERVES 

Please see “CAUTIONARY NOTE TO U.S. INVESTORS REGARDING MINERAL RESOURCE AND 
MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES,” below. 

The  terms  "mineral  resource",  "measured  mineral  resource",  "indicated  mineral  resource",  "inferred  mineral 
resource",  “mineral  reserve”,  “probable  mineral  reserve”  and  “proven  mineral  reserve”  used  in  this  Annual 
Report  are  Canadian  mining  terms  as  defined  in  accordance  with  National  Instrument  43-101,  Standards  of 
Disclosure for Mineral Projects under the guidelines set out in the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and 
Petroleum  (the  "CIM")  Standards  on  Mineral  Resources  and  Mineral  Reserves,  adopted by the CIM Council.  
On  November  14,  2004  and  November  27,  2010,  CIM  Council  adopted  an  update  to  the  CIM  Definition 
Standards  to  reflect  the  more  detailed  guidance  available  and  effect  certain  editorial  changes  required  to 
maintain  consistency  with  current  regulations.  This  version  of  the  CIM  Definition  Standards  includes  further 
editorial  changes  required  to  maintain  compatibility  with  the  new  version of National Instrument 43-101 which 
became  Canadian  law  in  2011.  The  CIM  Definition  Standards  can  be  viewed  on  the  CIM  website  at 
www.cim.org.    In  accordance  with  Industry  Guide  7,  Description  of  Property  by  Issuers  Engaged  or  to  be 
Engaged in Significant Mining Operations, issued by the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), a 
reserve is termed a “mineral deposit”. 

Definitions 

Qualified Person 
Mineral  Resource  and  Mineral  Reserve  estimates  and  resulting  technical  reports  under  NI  43-101  must  be 
prepared by or under the direction of, and dated and signed by, a Qualified Person. A “Qualified Person” means 
an  individual  who  is  an  engineer  or  geoscientist  with  a  university  degree,  or  equivalent  accreditation,  with  at 
least  five  years  of  experience  in  mineral  exploration,  mine  development  or  operation  or  mineral  project 
assessment, or any combination of these; has experience relevant to the subject matter of the mineral project and 
the  technical  report;  and  is  a  member or licensee in good standing of a professional association. The Qualified 
Person(s) should be clearly satisfied that they could face their peers and demonstrate competence and relevant 
experience in the commodity, type of deposit and situation under consideration. If doubt exists, the person must 
either seek or obtain opinions from  other colleagues or demonstrate that he or she has obtained assistance from 
experts  in  areas  where  he  or  she  lacked  the  necessary  expertise.  Determination  of  what  constitutes  relevant 
experience  can  be  a  difficult  area  and  common sense has to be exercised. For example, in estimating Mineral 
Resources  for  vein  gold  mineralization,  experience  in  a  high-nugget,  vein-type  mineralization  such  as  tin, 
uranium  etc.  should  be  relevant  whereas  experience  in  massive base metal deposits may not be. As a second 
example,  for  a  person  to  qualify  as  a  Qualified  Person  in  the  estimation  of  Mineral Reserves for alluvial gold 
deposits,  he  or  she  would  need  to  have  relevant  experience  in  the  evaluation  and extraction of such deposits. 
Experience  with  placer  deposits  containing  minerals  other  than  gold,  may  not  necessarily  provide  appropriate 
relevant  experience  for  gold.  In  addition  to  experience  in  the  style  of  mineralization,  a  Qualified  Person 
preparing  or  taking  responsibility  for  Mineral  Resource  estimates  must  have  sufficient  experience  in  the 
sampling,  assaying,  or  other  property  testing  techniques  that  are  relevant  to  the  deposit under consideration in 
order  to  be  aware of problems that could affect the reliability of the data. Some appreciation of extraction and 
processing techniques applicable  to that deposit type might  also be important. 

Estimation of Mineral Resources is often a team effort, for example, involving one person or team collecting the 
data  and  another  person  or team preparing the Mineral Resource estimate. Within this team, geologists usually 
occupy  the  pivotal  role.  Estimation  of  Mineral  Reserves  is  almost  always a team effort involving a number of 
technical  disciplines,  and  within  this  team  mining  engineers  have  an  important  role.  Documentation  for  a 
Mineral  Resource  and  Mineral  Reserve estimate must be compiled by, or under the supervision of, a Qualified 
Person(s), whether a geologist, mining engineer or member of another discipline. It is recommended that, where 
there  is  a  clear  division  of responsibilities within a team, each Qualified Person should accept responsibility for 
his  or  her  particular  contribution.  For  example,  one  Qualified  Person  could  accept  responsibility  for  the 
collection of Mineral Resource data, another for the Mineral Reserve estimation process, another for the mining 
study,  and  the  project  leader  could  accept  responsibility  for  the  overall  document.  It  is  important  that  the 
Qualified  Person  accepting  overall  responsibility  for  a  Mineral  Resource and/or Mineral Reserve estimate and 
supporting  documentation,  which  has  been  prepared  in  whole  or  in  part  by  others,  is  satisfied  that  the  other 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
contributors  are  Qualified  Persons  with  respect  to  the  work  for  which  they  are  taking  responsibility  and  that 
such persons are provided adequate documentation. 

Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) 
A  study,  other  than  a  Pre-Feasibility  or  Feasibility  Study,  that  includes  an  economic  analysis  of  the  potential 
viability  of mineral resources. 

Preliminary Feasibility Study (Pre-Feasibility Study) 
The  CIM  Definition  Standards  requires  the  completion  of  a  Preliminary  Feasibility  Study  as  the  minimum 
prerequisite for the conversion of Mineral Resources to Mineral Reserves. 

A  Preliminary  Feasibility  Study  is  a comprehensive study of a range of options for the technical and economic 
viability  of  a  mineral  project  that  has  advanced  to  a  stage  where  a  preferred  mining  method,  in  the  case  of 
underground  mining,  or  the  pit  configuration,  in  the case of an open pit, is established and an effective method 
of  mineral  processing  is  determined.  It  includes  a  financial  analysis  based  on  reasonable  assumptions  on 
mining,  processing,  metallurgical,  economic,  marketing,  legal,  environmental,  social  and  governmental 
considerations  and  the  evaluation  of  any  other  relevant  factors  which  are  sufficient  for  a  Qualified  Person, 
acting reasonably, to determine if all  or part of the Mineral Resource may be classified as a Mineral Reserve. 

Feasibility Study 
A  Feasibility  Study  is  a  comprehensive  technical and economic study of the selected development option for a 
mineral  project  that  includes  appropriately  detailed  assessments  of  realistically  assumed  mining,  processing, 
metallurgical,  economic,  marketing,  legal,  environmental,  social  and  governmental  considerations  together  with 
any  other  relevant  operational  factors  and  detailed  financial  analysis,  that are necessary to demonstrate at the 
time  of  reporting  that  extraction  is  reasonably  justified  (economically  mineable).  The  results  of  the study may 
reasonably  serve  as  the  basis  for  a  final  decision  by  a  proponent  or  financial  institution  to  proceed  with,  or 
finance,  the  development  of  the  project.  The  confidence  level  of  the  study  will  be  higher  than  that  of  a  Pre-
Feasibility  Study. 

Exploration Information 
Exploration  information  means  geological,  geophysical,  geochemical,  sampling,  drilling,  trenching,  analytical 
testing,  assaying,  mineralogical,  metallurgical  and  other  similar  information  concerning  a  particular  property 
that is derived from activities undertaken to locate, investigate, define or delineate a mineral prospect or mineral 
deposit.  It  is  recognized  that  in  the  review  and  compilation  of  data  on  a  project  or  property,  previous  or 
historical  estimates  of  tonnage  and  grade,  not  meeting  the  minimum  requirement  for  classification  as  Mineral 
Resource,  may  be  encountered.  If  a  Qualified  Person  reports  Exploration  Information  in  the  form  of tonnage 
and  grade, it must be clearly stated that these estimates are conceptual or order of magnitude and that they do 
not meet the criteria of a Mineral Resource. 

Mineral Resource 
Mineral  Resources  are  sub-divided,  in  order  of  increasing  geological  confidence,  into  Inferred,  Indicated  and 
Measured  categories.  An  Inferred  Mineral  Resource  has  a  lower  level  of  confidence  than  that  applied  to  an 
Indicated  Mineral  Resource.  An Indicated Mineral Resource has a higher level of confidence than an Inferred 
Mineral Resource but has a lower level of confidence than a Measured Mineral Resource. A Mineral Resource 
is  a  concentration or occurrence of  diamonds, natural solid inorganic material, or natural solid fossilized organic 
material including base and precious metals, coal, and industrial minerals in or on the Earth’s crust in such form 
and  quantity  and  of  such  a  grade  or  quality  that  it  has  reasonable  prospects  for  economic  extraction.  The 
location,  quantity,  grade,  geological  characteristics  and  continuity  of  a Mineral Resource are known, estimated 
or  interpreted  from  specific  geological  evidence  and  knowledge.  The  term  Mineral  Resource  covers 
mineralization  and  natural  material  of  intrinsic  economic  interest  which  has  been  identified  and  estimated 
through  exploration  and  sampling  and  within  which  Mineral  Reserves  may  subsequently  be  defined  by  the 
consideration  and  application  of  technical,  economic,  legal,  environmental,  socio-economic  and  governmental 
factors. The phrase “reasonable prospects for economic extraction” implies a judgment by the Qualified Person 
in  respect  of  the  technical  and  economic  factors  likely  to  influence  the  prospect  of  economic  extraction.  A 
Mineral  Resource  is  an inventory of mineralization that under realistically assumed and justifiable technical and 
economic  conditions  might  become  economically  extractable.  These  assumptions  must  be  presented  explicitly 
in both public  and technical reports. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inferred Mineral Resource 
An “Inferred Mineral Resource” is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade or quality can 
be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not verified, 
geological  and  grade  continuity.  The  estimate  is  based  on  limited  information  and  sampling  gathered  through 
appropriate  techniques  from  locations  such  as  outcrops,  trenches,  pits,  workings  and  drill  holes.  Due  to  the 
uncertainty that may be  attached to Inferred Mineral Resources, it cannot be assumed that all or any part of an 
Inferred  Mineral  Resource  will  be  upgraded  to  an  Indicated  or  Measured  Mineral  Resource  as  a  result  of 
continued  exploration.  Confidence  in  the  estimate  is  insufficient  to  allow  the  meaningful  application  of 
technical and economic parameters or to enable an evaluation of economic viability worthy of public disclosure. 
Inferred Mineral Resources must be excluded from estimates forming the basis of feasibility or other economic 
studies. 

Indicated Mineral Resource 
An  “Indicated  Mineral  Resource”  is  that  part  of  a  Mineral  Resource  for  which  quantity,  grade  or  quality, 
densities,  shape  and  physical characteristics can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow the 
appropriate  application  of  technical  and  economic  parameters,  to  support  mine  planning  and  evaluation  of  the 
economic  viability  of  the  deposit.  The  estimate  is  based  on  detailed  and  reliable  exploration  and  testing 
information  gathered  through  appropriate  techniques  from  locations  such  as  outcrops,  trenches,  pits,  workings 
and  drill  holes  that  are  spaced  closely  enough  for  geological  and  grade  continuity  to  be  reasonably  assumed. 
Mineralization  may  be  classified  as  an  Indicated  Mineral  Resource  by  the  Qualified  Person  when  the  nature, 
quality,  quantity  and  distribution  of  data  are  such  as  to  allow  confident  interpretation  of  the  geological 
framework and to reasonably assume the continuity of mineralization. The Qualified Person must recognize the 
importance of the Indicated Mineral Resource category to the advancement of the feasibility of the project. An 
Indicated  Mineral  Resource  estimate  is  of  sufficient  quality  to  support  a  Preliminary  Feasibility  Study  which 
can serve as the basis for major development decisions. 

Measured Mineral Resource 
A  “Measured  Mineral  Resource”  is  that  part  of  a  Mineral  Resource  for  which  quantity,  grade  or  quality, 
densities, shape, and physical characteristics are so well established that they can be estimated with confidence 
sufficient  to  allow  the  appropriate  application  of  technical  and  economic  parameters,  to  support  production 
planning  and  evaluation  of  the  economic  viability  of  the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable 
exploration,  sampling  and  testing  information  gathered  through  appropriate  techniques  from  locations  such  as 
outcrops,  trenches,  pits,  workings  and  drill holes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and 
grade  continuity. Mineralization or other natural material of economic interest may be classified as a Measured 
Mineral  Resource  by  the  Qualified  Person  when  the  nature,  quality,  quantity  and  distribution of data are such 
that  the  tonnage  and  grade  of the mineralization can be estimated to within close limits and that variation from 
the  estimate  would  not  significantly  affect  potential  economic  viability.  This  category  requires  a  high  level  of 
confidence in,  and understanding  of, the geology  and controls of the mineral deposit. 

Mineral Reserve 
Mineral Reserves are sub-divided in order of increasing confidence into Probable Mineral Reserves and Proven 
Mineral Reserves. A Probable Mineral Reserve has a lower level of confidence than a Proven Mineral Reserve. 

A  Mineral  Reserve  is  the  economically  mineable  part  of  a  Measured  or  Indicated  Mineral  Resource 
demonstrated  by  at  least  a  Preliminary  Feasibility  Study.  This  Study  must  include  adequate  information  on 
mining,  processing,  metallurgical,  economic  and  other  relevant  factors  that  demonstrate,  at  the  time  of 
reporting,  that  economic  extraction  can  be  justified.  A  Mineral  Reserve  includes  diluting  materials  and 
allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined. Mineral Reserves are those parts of Mineral 
Resources  which,  after  the application of all mining factors, result in an estimated tonnage and grade which, in 
the  opinion of the Qualified Person(s) making the estimates, is the basis of an economically viable project after 
taking  account  of  all  relevant  processing,  metallurgical,  economic,  marketing,  legal,  environment,  socio-
economic  and  government  factors.  Mineral  Reserves  are  inclusive  of  diluting  material  that  will  be  mined  in 
conjunction  with  the  Mineral  Reserves  and  delivered  to  the  treatment  plant  or  equivalent  facility.  The  term 
“Mineral  Reserve”  need  not  necessarily  signify  that  extraction  facilities  are  in  place  or  operative  or  that  all 
governmental  approvals  have  been  received.  It  does  signify  that  there  are  reasonable  expectations  of  such 
approvals. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Probable Mineral Reserve 
A “Probable Mineral Reserve” is the economically mineable part of an Indicated and, in some circumstances, a 
Measured  Mineral  Resource  demonstrated  by  at  least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include 
adequate  information  on  mining,  processing,  metallurgical,  economic,  and  other  relevant  factors  that 
demonstrate, at the time of reporting,  that economic extraction can be justified. 

Proven Mineral Reserve 
A “Proven Mineral Reserve” is the economically mineable part of a Measured Mineral Resource demonstrated 
by  at  least  a  Preliminary  Feasibility  Study.  This  Study  must  include  adequate  information  on  mining, 
processing,  metallurgical,  economic,  and  other  relevant  factors  that  demonstrate,  at  the  time  of  reporting, that 
economic  extraction  is  justified.  Application  of the Proven Mineral Reserve category implies that the Qualified 
Person has the highest degree of confidence in the estimate with the consequent expectation in the minds of the 
readers  of  the  report.  The  term  should  be  restricted  to  that  part  of  the  deposit  where  production  planning  is 
taking  place  and  for  which  any  variation  in  the  estimate  would  not  significantly  affect  potential  economic 
viability. 

CAUTIONARY NOTE TO U.S. INVESTORS REGARDING MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL 
RESERVE ESTIMATES 

As  used  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  20-F,  the  terms  “Mineral  Reserve,”  “Proven  Mineral  Reserve”  and 
“Probable  Mineral  Reserve”  are  Canadian  mining  terms  defined  in  accordance  with  NI  43-101  and  the  CIM 
Standards.  These  definitions differ from the definitions in SEC Industry Guide 7 under the U.S. Securities Act. 
Under SEC Industry Guide 7, a reserve is defined as that part of a mineral deposit which could be economically 
and legally extracted or produced at the time the reserve determination is made. The terms “Mineral Resource,” 
“Measured  Mineral  Resource,”  “Indicated  Mineral Resource”  and “Inferred Mineral Resource” are defined in 
and required to be used by NI 43-101.  However, these terms are not defined terms under SEC Industry Guide 7 
and  are  normally  not  permitted  to  be  used  in reports  and registration statements filed with the SEC. Investors 
are cautioned not to assume that all, or any part, of a mineral deposit in these categories will ever be converted 
into  reserves.  “Indicated  Mineral  Resource”  and  “Inferred  Mineral  Resource”  have  a  great  amount  of 
uncertainty  as  to  their  existence,  and  great  uncertainty  as  to  their  economic  and  legal  feasibility. It cannot be 
assumed  that  all,  or  any  part,  of  an  Indicated  Mineral Resource or an Inferred Mineral Resource will ever be 
upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of Inferred Mineral Resources may not form the 
basis of Feasibility or  Preliminary Feasibility studies, except in rare cases. Investors are cautioned not to assume 
that all, or any part, of an Inferred Mineral Resource exists or is economically or legally mineable. Disclosure of 
“contained  ounces”  in  a  resource  is  permitted  disclosure  under  Canadian  regulations.    However,  the  SEC 
normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute “reserves” by SEC standards as in 
place  tonnage  and grade without reference to unit measures. Accordingly, information contained in this Annual 
Report on Form 20-F and the exhibits filed herewith or incorporated by reference herein contain descriptions of 
mineral  deposits  that  may  not  be  comparable  to  similar  information  made public by U.S. companies subject to 
the  reporting  and  disclosure  requirements  under  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  rules  and  regulations 
promulgated  thereunder.  Further,  the  term  “mineralized  material”  as  used in this Annual Report on Form 20-F 
does  not  indicate  “reserves”  by  SEC  standards.    We  cannot  be  certain  that  mineralized  material  will ever be 
confirmed or converted into SEC Industry Guide 7 compliant "reserves". Investors are cautioned not to assume 
that  mineralized  material  will  ever  be  confirmed or converted into reserves or that mineralized material can be 
economically  or legally  extracted. 

Conversion  Table 
Metric / Imperial 
1.0 millimeter  (mm) = 0.039 inches (in) 
1.0 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft) 
1.0 kilometer  (km) = 0.621 miles  (mi) 
1.0 hectare (ha) = 2.471 acres (ac) 
1.0 gram (g) = 0.032 troy ounces (oz) 
1.0 metric tonne (t) = 1.102 short tons (ton) 
1.0 g/t = 0.029 oz/ton 

Unless otherwise indicated,  all dollar  ($) amounts referred to herein are in Canadian dollars. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

This Annual Report on Form 20-F and the exhibits attached hereto contain “forward-looking statements” within 
the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements concern 
our  anticipated  results  and  developments  in  our  operations  in  future  periods,  planned  exploration  and 
development  of  our  properties,  plans  related  to  our  business  and  other  matters  that  may  occur  in  the  future. 
These statements relate to analyses and other information that are based on forecasts of future results, estimates 
of amounts not yet determinable and assumptions of management. Statements concerning Mineral Reserve and 
Mineral Resource estimates may also be deemed to constitute forward-looking statements to the extent that they 
involve  estimates  of  the  mineralization  that  will  be  encountered  if  a  property  is  developed,  and  in  the case of 
Mineral Reserves, such statements reflect the conclusion based on certain assumptions that the mineral deposit 
can  be  economically  exploited.  Any  statements  that  express  or involve discussions with respect to predictions, 
expectations,  beliefs,  plans,  projections,  objectives, assumptions or future events or performance (often, but not 
always, using words or phrases such as “expects” or “does not expect”, “is expected”, “anticipates” or “does not 
anticipate”,  “plans”,  “estimates”  or  “intends”,  or  stating  that  certain  actions,  events  or  results “may”, “could”, 
“would”,  “might”  or  “will”  (or  the  negative  and  grammatical  variations  of  any  of  these  terms  and  similar 
expressions)  be  taken,  occur  or  be achieved) are not statements of historical fact and may be forward-looking 
statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and 
other  factors  which  could  cause  actual  events  or  results  to  differ  from  those  expressed  or  implied  by  the 
forward-looking  statements.  Some  of  the  important  risks  and  uncertainties  that  could  affect  forward-looking 
statements  are  described  further  in  the  sections  entitled  “ITEM  3.  KEY  INFORMATION  -  Risk  Factors”, 
“ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY - Business Overview”, “ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE 
COMPANY – Principal Property Interests” and “ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND 
PROSPECTS”  and  in  the  exhibits  attached  to this Annual Report on Form 20-F. Should one or more of these 
risks  and  uncertainties  materialize,  or  should  underlying  assumptions  prove  incorrect,  actual  results  may  vary 
materially  from  those  described  in  the  Company’s  forward-looking  statements.  The  Company’s  forward-
looking  statements  are  based  on  beliefs,  expectations and opinions of  the Company’s  management on the date 
the statements are made and  the Company does not assume any obligation to update forward-looking statements 
if  circumstances  or  management’s beliefs, expectations or opinions change, except as required by law. For the 
reasons set forth above, investors should  not place undue reliance on forward-looking  statements. 

Please  consult  the  Company’s  public  filings  at  www.sec.gov for further, more detailed information concerning 
these matters. 

PART I 

Item 1.     Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors 

Not applicable 

Item 2.     Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable 

Not applicable 

Item 3.     Key Information 

The  following  selected  financial  data  of  the  Company  for  Fiscal  2014,  Fiscal  2013  and  Fiscal  2012  ended 
December  31st  was  derived  from  the  consolidated financial statements of the Company included elsewhere in 
this 20-F Annual Report.   The selected financial data set forth for Fiscal 2011 and Fiscal 2010 ended December 
31st  are  derived  from  the  Company's  audited  consolidated  financial  statements,  not  included  herein.      The 
selected  financial  data  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  other 
information  included  immediately  following  the text of this Annual Report.  

The  consolidated  financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance  and compliance  with 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board 
(“IFRS”). 

The basis of preparation is described in Note 2 of the consolidated financial  statements.  

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table No. 1 
Selected Financial Data 
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) 
(expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share data) 

Year 
Ended 
12/31/2014 

Year 
Ended 
12/31/2013 

Year 
Ended 
12/31/2012 

Year 
Ended 
12/31/2011 

Year 
Ended 
12/31/2010 

Revenues 
Net (loss) income   
Basic net (loss) income per common share 
Diluted net (loss) income  per common  share 
Weighted average shares (000) 

Working capital 
Exploration  and evaluation assets 
Net assets 
Total assets 
Capital  stock 
Dividends declared per share 

$254 
(14,983) 
(0.23) 
(0.23) 
66,331 

9,172 
28,645 
39,637 
42,019 
87,084 
- 

$220 
(6,357) 
(0.10) 
(0.10) 
62,055 

12,676 
24,447 
47,891 
48,988 
81,151 
- 

$299 
(10,238) 
(0.17) 
(0.17) 
59,350 

19,475 
16,609 
48,071 
49,132 
75,238 
- 

$249 
7,295 
0.13 
0.12 
57,269 

30,513 
10,470 
53,340 
53,905 
73,354 
- 

$234 
(3,465) 
(0.07) 
(0.07) 
51,188 

29,187 
4,439 
35,694 
36,343 
62,854 
- 

Canadian/U.S. Dollar Exchange Rates 

In this Annual Report, unless otherwise specified, all  dollar  amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars (CDN$). 

Table No. 2 sets forth the exchange rate for the Canadian dollars at the end of the five most recent fiscal periods 
ended at December 31st, the average rates for the period, the range of high and low rates and the close for the 
period.  Table No. 3 sets forth the range of high and low rates for each month during the previous six months.   
For purposes of this table, the rate of exchange means the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers 
in  foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.  The table 
sets forth the number of Canadian Dollars required under that formula to buy one U.S. Dollar.  The average rate 
means the average of the exchange rates on the last day of each month during the period. 

Table No. 2 
Canadian Dollar/U.S. Dollar Exchange Rates for Five Most Recent Financial Years 

Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2014 
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2013 
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2012 
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2011 
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2010 

Average 
$1.10 
$1.03 
1.00 
0.99 
1.03 

High 
$1.16 
$1.07 
1.04 
1.06 
1.08 

Low  
$1.06 
$0.98 
0.97 
0.94 
1.00 

Close 
$1.16 
$1.06 
1.00 
1.02 
1.00 

Table No. 3 
Canadian Dollar/U.S. Dollar Exchange Rates for Previous Six Months 

High  
Low 

September 
2014 
$1.12 
1.09 

October  
2014 
$1.13 
1.11 

November 
2014 
$1.14 
1.12 

December 
2014 
$1.16 
1.14 

January 
2015 
$1.27 
1.16 

February 
2015 
$1.27 
1.24 

The exchange rate was $1.26 on March 27, 2015.  

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk Factors 

General Risk Factors Attendant to Resource Exploration and Development 
Resource  exploration  and  development is a speculative business, characterized by a number of significant risks 
including,  among  other  things,  unprofitable  efforts  resulting  not  only  from  the  failure  to  discover  mineral 
deposits  but  from  finding  mineral  deposits  which,  though  present,  are  insufficient  in  quantity  and  quality  to 
return  a profit from production.  The marketability of minerals acquired or discovered by the Company may be 
affected  by  numerous  factors  which  are  beyond  the  control  of  the  Company  and which cannot be accurately 
predicted,  such  as  market  fluctuations,  the  proximity  and  capacity  of  milling  facilities,  mineral  markets  and 
processing  equipment,  and  such  other  factors  as  government  regulations,  including  regulations  relating  to 
royalties,  allowable  production,  importing  and  exporting  of  minerals,  and  environment  protection,  the 
combination  of  which  factors  may  result  in  the  Company  not  receiving  an  adequate  return  on  investment 
capital. 

Presently,  the  Company  is  in  the  exploration  stage  and  there  is  no  assurance  that  a  commercially  viable  ore 
deposit  (a  reserve)  exists  in  any  of  its  properties  or prospects until further work is done and a comprehensive 
economic  evaluation  based  upon  that  work  is  concluded.  The  Company  has  financed its operations principally 
through  the  sale  of  equity  securities,  entering  into  joint  venture  arrangements  and  the  sale  of  its  inventory  of 
gold.  The  recoverability  of  mineral  properties  is  dependent  on  the  establishment  of  economically  recoverable 
reserves,  the  ability  of  the  Company  to obtain the necessary financing to complete development and ultimately 
upon future profitable  production  or the realization  of proceeds from the disposition  of the properties. 

Uncertainty in Discovering Commercially Mineable Ore Deposits 
There  is  no  certainty  that the expenditures to be made by the Company in the exploration of its properties and 
prospects  as  described  herein  will  result  in  discoveries  of mineralized material in commercial quantities.  Most 
exploration  projects  do not result in the discovery of commercially mineable ore deposits and no assurance can 
be  given  that  any  particular  level  of  recovery  of  ore  reserves  will  in  fact  be  realized  or  that  any  identified 
mineral  deposit  will  ever  qualify  as  a  commercially  mineable  (or  viable)  ore  body  which  can  be  legally  and 
economically  exploited.  Estimates  of  reserves,  mineral  deposits  and  production  costs  can  also  be  affected  by 
such  factors  as  environmental  permitting  regulations  and  requirements,  weather,  environmental  factors, 
unforeseen  technical  difficulties,  unusual  or  unexpected  geological  formations  and  work  interruptions.    In 
addition, the grade of ore ultimately mined may differ from that indicated by drilling results.  Short term factors 
relating  to  ore  reserves,  such  as  the  need  for  orderly  development  of  ore  bodies  or  the processing of new or 
different grades, may also have an adverse effect on mining operations and on the results of operations.  There 
can be no assurance that minerals recovered in small-scale tests will be duplicated in large-scale tests under on-
site  conditions  or  in  production  scale.    Material  changes  in  ore  reserves,  grades,  stripping  ratios  or  recovery 
rates may affect the economic viability  of any project. 

History of Net Losses, Lack of Cash Flow and Assurance of Profitability 
The  Company  had  net  losses  in  a  number  of  years  since  its  date  of  incorporation.    Due  to  the  nature of the 
Company’s  business,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  Company  will  be  profitable.  The  Company  had  net 
losses of $14,982,667  in Fiscal 2014,  $6,356,609  in Fiscal 2013,  and $10,238,377  in Fiscal 2012. 

The  Company  currently  has  no  revenues  from  operations  as  all  of  its  properties  and  prospects  are  in  the 
exploration stage.  There is no assurance that the Company will receive revenues from operations at any time in 
the  near  future.    During Fiscal 2014, revenue consisted of interest income and other income from office rental 
and  contract  drilling programs provided to third parties.  During Fiscal 2013 and Fiscal 2012, revenue consisted 
of  interest  and  other  income  from  office  rental,  a  royalty  payment  from Gold Mountain from the Elk property 
and contract exploration  services provided to third  parties. 

The  Company  has  not  paid  dividends  on  its  shares  since  incorporation  and  the  Company  does  not  anticipate 
doing  so in the foreseeable future.   

Uncertainty of Obtaining Additional Funding Requirements 
If  the  Company’s  exploration  programs  are  successful,  additional  capital  will  be  required  for the development 
of  an  economic ore body and to place it in commercial production.  The only sources of future funds presently 
available to the Company are the sale of its inventory of gold, the sale of its equity capital, the incurring of debt, 
the sale of the equity positions it holds in other publicly traded companies,  or the offering by the Company of an 
interest in its properties and prospects to be earned by another party or parties carrying out further development 
thereof. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Failure  to  obtain  additional  financing  on  a  timely  basis  could  cause  the  Company  to  forfeit  its interest in such 
properties, dilute  its interests in the properties and/or reduce or terminate its operations. 

Possible Dilution to Present and Prospective Shareholders 
The  Company’s  plan  of  operation,  in  part,  contemplates  the  financing  of  the  conduct  of  its  business  by  the 
issuance,  for  cash,  of  equity  securities  of  the  Company or  incurring  debt,  or  a  combination  of  the  two.    Any 
transaction  involving  the  issuance  of  previously  authorized  but  unissued  shares  of common stock, or securities 
convertible  into  common  stock,  would  result  in  dilution,  possibly  substantial, to present and prospective holders 
of common stock.   The Company  sometimes seeks joint venture partners to fund in whole or in part exploration 
projects.  This dilutes the Company’s interest in properties it has acquired. 

Mineral Prices May Not Support Corporate Profit 
The  mining  industry  in  general  is  intensely  competitive  and  there  is  no  assurance  that,  even  if  commercial 
quantities  of  mineral  resources  are  developed,  a  profitable  market  will  exist  for  the  sale  of  same.    Factors 
beyond  the  control  of  the  Company  may  affect  the  marketability  of  any substances discovered.  The price of 
minerals  is  volatile  over  short  periods  of  time,  and  is  affected  by  numerous  factors  beyond  the  control of the 
Company,  including  international  economic  and  political  trends,  expectations  of  inflation,  currency  exchange 
fluctuations,  interest  rates  and  global  or  regional  consumption  patterns,  speculative  activities  and  increased 
production  due  to  improved  mining  techniques.  Material  changes  in  mineral  prices  may  affect  the  economic 
viability  of any project. 

Environmental Regulations 
The  current  and  anticipated  future  operations  of  the  Company,  including  development  activities  and 
commencement  of  production  on  its  properties,  require  permits  from  various  federal,  territorial  and  local 
governmental  authorities  and  such  operations  are  and  will  be  governed  by  laws  and  regulations  governing 
prospecting,  development,  mining,  production,  exports,  taxes,  labor  standards,  occupational  health,  waste 
disposal,  toxic  substances,  land  use,  environmental  protection,  mine  safety  and  other  matters.    Companies 
engaged  in  the  development  and  operation  of mines and related facilities generally experience increased costs, 
and delays in production and other schedules as a result of the need to comply with applicable laws, regulations 
and  permits.    Such  operations  and  exploration  activities  are  also  subject  to  substantial  regulation  under  these 
laws  by  governmental  agencies  and  may  require  that  the  Company  obtain  permits  from various governmental 
agencies.    The  Company  believes  it  is  in  substantial  compliance  with  all  material  laws  and  regulations  which 
currently apply to its activities.  There can be no assurance, however, that all permits which the Company may 
require  for  construction  of  mining  facilities  and  conduct  of  mining  operations  will  be  obtainable  on reasonable 
terms  or  that  such  laws  and  regulations,  or  that  new  legislation  or  modifications  to  existing  legislation,  would 
not have an adverse effect on any exploration or mining  project which the Company might  undertake. 

Failure  to  comply  with  applicable  laws,  regulations  and  permitting  requirements  may  result  in  enforcement 
actions thereunder, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be 
curtailed,  and  may  include  corrective  measures  requiring  capital  expenditures,  installation  of  additional 
equipment  or  remedial  actions.    Parties  engaged  in  exploration  and  mining  operations  may  be  required  to 
compensate  those  suffering  loss  or  damage  by  reason  of  the  mining  activities  and  may  have  civil  or  criminal 
fines or penalties imposed  for violation  of applicable  laws or regulations. 

The  enactment  of  new  laws  or  amendments to current laws, regulations and permits governing operations and 
activities  of  mining  companies,  or more stringent implementation thereof, could have a material  adverse impact 
on  the  Company  and  cause  increases  in  capital  expenditures  or  production  costs  or  reduction  in  levels  of 
production  at producing  properties or require abandonment or delays in development  of new mining  properties. 

As  a  requirement  for  performing  certain  exploration  activities,  the  Company  has  $34,548  on  deposit  as 
reclamation  bonds  for  exploration  work  and  site  disturbance  on  prospects  in  Canada  and  the  U.S.    These 
allocated funds have been deposited for the benefit of the Province of British Columbia and the State of Nevada 
until released upon approval from the Province  and State after all necessary reclamation work on the properties 
has  been  performed.    If  the  reclamation  is  more  prolonged  and  requires  funds  in  addition  to  those  already 
allocated, the Company could be forced to pay for the extra work and it could have a significant negative impact 
upon the Company’s financial  position  and operations. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
No Guarantee of Title to Mineral Properties 
While  the  Company  has  investigated  title  to  all of  its  mineral  properties  and  prospects,  and,  to  the  best  of its 
knowledge, title to all of its properties and prospects in which it has the right to acquire or earn an interest are in 
good  standing  as  of  the  date  of  this  Annual  Report,  this  should  not  be construed as a guarantee of title.  The 
properties and prospects may be subject to prior unregistered agreements or transfers unknown to the Company 
and title  may be affected by undetected defects, e.g. defects in staking or acquisition process. 

As  there  are  unresolved  native  land  claim  issues  in British Columbia and the Yukon Territory, the Company’s 
properties and prospects in these jurisdictions  may be affected in the future. 

If  title  is disputed, the Company will have to defend its ownership through  the courts, which would likely be an 
expensive  and  protracted  process  and  have  a  negative  effect  on  the  Company’s  operations  and  financial 
condition.   In the event of an adverse judgment, the Company could lose its property rights. 

Volatility of Share Price 
Market prices for shares of early stage companies are often volatile.  Factors such as announcements of mineral 
discoveries, exploration and  financial results, and other factors could have a significant effect on the price of the 
Company’s shares. 

Material  Risk of Dilution  Presented by  Large  Number  of Outstanding  Share Purchase Options  and  Warrants 
As  of  March  30,  2015  there  were  share  purchase  options  outstanding allowing the holders of these options to 
purchase  6,245,000  shares  of  common  stock  and  warrants  allowing  the holders of these warrants to purchase 
8,869,000  shares  of  common  stock.    Directors  and  officers  of  the  Company  hold  5,110,000  of  these  share 
purchase  options  and  208,650  of  these  warrants.    An  additional  1,135,000  share  purchase  options are held by 
employees  and  consultants  of  the  Company.  Given  the  fact  that  as  of  March  30, 2015 there were 73,148,321 
shares  of  common  stock  outstanding,  the  exercise  of  all  of  the  existing  share  purchase  options  and  warrants 
would  result  in dilution to the existing shareholders and could depress the price of the Company’s shares.  The 
exercise  of  all  outstanding  share  purchase  options  and  warrants  would  cause  the  number  of  issued  and 
outstanding  common  shares to rise 20.7%. 

No Proven Reserves 
The properties and prospects in which the Company has an interest or the properties in which the Company has 
the  right to earn an interest are in the exploratory stage only, are without a known body of  economically viable 
ore  and  are  not  in  commercial  production.  If  the  Company  does  not  ultimately  find  a  body  of  economically 
recoverable ore, it would  either have to acquire additional  exploration  projects, or terminate is operations. 

Uncertainty of Reserves and Mineralization Estimates 
There  are  numerous  uncertainties  inherent  in  estimating  proven  and  probable  reserves  and  mineralization, 
including  many  factors  beyond the control of the Company.  The estimation of reserves and mineralization is a 
subjective  process  and  the  accuracy  of any such estimates is a function of  the quality of available data and of 
engineering  and  geological  interpretation  and  judgment.    Results  of  drilling,  metallurgical  testing  and 
production and the evaluation of mine plans subsequent to the date of any estimate may  justify revision of such 
estimates.  No assurances can be given that the volume and grade of reserves recovered and rates of production 
will not be less than anticipated.  Assumptions about prices are subject to greater uncertainty and metals prices 
have  fluctuated  widely  in  the  past.    Declines  in  the  market  price  of  base  or  precious metals also may render 
reserves  or  mineralization  containing  relatively  lower  grades  of  ore  uneconomic  to  exploit.  Changes  in 
operating  and  capital  costs  and  other  factors  including,  but  not  limited to, short-term operating factors such as 
the  need  for  sequential  development  of  ore  bodies  and  the  processing  of  new  or  different  ore  grades,  may 
materially  and adversely affect reserves. 

Changes to Mexican Mining Taxes 
In October 2013, the Mexican Congress approved a package of tax reforms which included significant changes 
to  the  country’s  mining  royalties  and  tax  structure. These new laws had an effective date of January 1, 2014. 
The  changes  include  a  7.5%  special  mining  royalty  on  earnings  before  interest,  taxes,  depreciation  and 
amortization  (“EBITDA”)  and  an  additional  0.5%  royalty  on  gross  revenues  from  precious  metal  production. 
The  new  law  also  increases  annual  taxes  on  certain  inactive  exploration  concessions  by  50  to  100%.  These 
changes  may  result  in  increased  holding  costs  to  the  Company  for  its  existing  mineral  concessions.  The  new 
taxes  and  royalties  may  also  materially  and  adversely  affect  the  potential to define economic reserves on any 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mexican  properties  and  result  in the Company’s Mexican properties being less attractive to potential optionees 
or joint-venture  partners. 

Foreign Incorporation and Civil Liabilities 
The  Company  was  created  under  amalgamation  under  the  laws  of  the Province of British Columbia, Canada.  
All  of  the  Company’s  directors  and  officers  are  residents  of  Canada  and  substantially  all  of  the  Company’s 
assets  and  its  subsidiaries  are  located  outside  the  U.S.    Consequently, it may be difficult for  U.S. investors to 
affect  service of process in the  U.S. upon those directors and officers who are not residents of the  U.S., or to 
realize in the U.S. upon judgments  of U.S. courts predicated upon civil  liabilities  under applicable  U.S. laws. 

Conflict of Interest 
Some  of  the  Company’s  directors  and  officers  are  directors  and  officers  of  other natural resource or mining-
related  companies.    Duane  Poliquin  and  Morgan  Poliquin  also  serve  as  directors  of  Gold  Mountain  Mining 
Corporation.    Joseph  Montgomery  also  serves  as  a  director  of Infrastructure Materials Corp.  Gerald Carlson 
also serves a director and  as the President and CEO of Pacific Ridge Exploration Ltd.  Barry Smee also serves 
as  a  director  of Platinum Group Metals Ltd.  Mark Brown also serves as  a director and  as the CFO of Tarsis 
Resources  Ltd.  and  Galileo  Petroleum  Ltd,  and  as  the  President,  CEO  and  a  director  of  Big  Sky  Petroleum 
Corporation.    He  also  serves  as  a  director  of  Avrupa  Minerals  Ltd.,  Estrella  Gold  Corporation,  Strategem 
Capital  Corp.  and  Sutter  Gold  Mining  Ltd.    These  associations  may give rise from time to time to  conflicts of 
interest, as a result of which, the Company may miss the opportunity  to participate in certain transactions. 

Foreign Operations 
The  Company  currently  has  exploration  projects  located  in  Mexico  and  the  U.S.    The  Company’s  foreign 
activities  are  subject  to  the  risk  normally  associated  with  conducting  business  in  foreign  countries,  including 
exchange  controls  and  currency  fluctuations,  foreign  taxation,  laws  or  policies  of  particular  countries,  labor 
practices  and  disputes,  and  uncertain  political  and  economic  environments,  as  well  as  risks  of  war  and  civil 
disturbances,  or  other  risk  that  could  cause  exploration  or  development  difficulties  or  stoppages,  restrict  the 
movement  of  funds  or  result  in  the  deprivation  or  loss  of  contract  rights  or  the  taking  of  property  by 
nationalization  or  expropriation  without  fair  compensation.    Foreign  operations  could  also  be  adversely 
impacted by laws and policies  of the U.S. affecting foreign trade, investment and taxation. 

Foreign Currency Fluctuations 
At  the  present  time,  some  of  the  Company’s  activities  are  carried  on  outside  of  Canada.    Accordingly,  it  is 
subject  to  risks  associated  with  fluctuations  of  the  rate  of  exchange  between  the  Canadian dollar and foreign 
currencies. 

The  Company  is  currently  not engaged in currency hedging to offset any risk of exchange rate fluctuation and 
currently has no plans to engage in currency hedging. 

Operating Hazards and Risks Associated with the Mining Industry 
Mining  operations  generally  involve  a  high degree of risk, which even a combination of experience, knowledge 
and  careful  evaluation  may  not  be  able  to  overcome.  Hazards  such  as  unusual  or  unexpected  geological 
formations and other conditions are involved.  Operations in which the Company has a direct or indirect interest 
will  be  subject  to  all  the  hazards  and  risks  normally  incidental  to  exploration,  development  and  production  of 
minerals,  any  of  which  could  result  in  work stoppages, damage to or destruction of mines and other producing 
facilities,  damage  to  or loss of life and property, environmental damage and possible legal liability for any or all 
damage  or  loss.    The  Company  may  become  subject  to  liability  for  cave-ins  and  other  hazards  for  which  it 
cannot  insure  or  against  which  it  may  elect  not  to  insure  where  premium  costs  are  disproportionate  to  the 
Company’s perception of the relevant risks.  The payment of such insurance premiums and the incurring of such 
liabilities  would  reduce the funds available for exploration  activities. 

The Ability to Manage Growth 
Should  the  Company  be  successful  in  its  efforts  to  develop  its  mineral  properties  or  to  raise  capital  for  such 
development  or  for  the  development  of  other  mining  ventures  it  will  experience  significant  growth  in 
operations. If this occurs management anticipates that additional expansion will be required in order to continue 
development.  Any  expansion  of  the  Company’s  business  would  place  further  demands  on  its  management, 
operational  capacity  and  financial  resources.    The  Company  anticipates  that  it  will  need  to  recruit  qualified 
personnel  in  all  areas  of  its  operations.  There  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  Company  will  be  effective  in 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
retaining  its  current  personnel  or  attracting  and  retaining  additional  qualified  personnel,  expanding  its 
operational  capacity  or  otherwise  managing  growth.  The  failure  to  manage  growth  effectively  could  have  a 
material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition  and results of operations. 

Lack of a Dividend Policy 
The  Company does not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, as any earnings are expected to 
be  retained  for  use  in  developing  and  expanding its business.  However, the actual amount of dividends  which 
the  Company  may  pay  will  remain  subject  to  the  discretion  of  the  Company’s  Board  of  Directors  and  will 
depend on results of operations, cash requirements and future prospects of the Company and other factors. 

Competition 
There  is  competition  from  other  mining  exploration  companies  with  operations  similar  to  those  of  the 
Company's.    Many  of  the  mining  companies  with which the Company competes have operations and financial 
strength  many  times  greater  than  that  of  the  Company.  Such competitors could outbid the Company for such 
projects, equipment or personnel, or produce minerals  at a lower cost which would have a negative effect on the 
Company’s operations and financial  condition. 

Dependence on Key Personnel 
The  Company  depends  highly  on the business and technical expertise of its management and key personnel,  in 
particular,  Duane  Poliquin  and  Morgan  Poliquin.  There  is  little  possibility that this dependence will decrease in 
the near term. As the Company’s operations expand, additional general management resources will be required, 
especially  since  the  Company  encounters  risks  that  are  inherent  in  doing  business  in  several  countries.  The 
Company  maintains  no  “Key  Man”  insurance  coverage,  and  the  loss  or  unavailability  of  any  of  its  key 
personnel could have a negative effect on the Company’s ability  to operate effectively. 

Item 4.     Information on the Company 

History and Development of the Company 
The  head  office  of  the  Company  is  located  at  750  West  Pender  Street,  Suite  1103,  Vancouver,  British 
Columbia, Canada, V6C 2T8.  The registered and records office of the Company is 1177 West Hastings Street, 
Suite 1710,  Vancouver, British  Columbia,  Canada, V6E 2L3. 

The  contact  persons  are  Duane  Poliquin,  Chairman and Morgan Poliquin, President.  The telephone number is 
(604)  689-7644.    The  fax  number  is  (604)  689-7645.    The  email  address is info@almadenminerals.com.  The 
web-site address is www.almadenminerals.com. 

The  Company  was  formed  by  amalgamation  under  the  laws  of  the  Province  of  British  Columbia  of  its 
predecessor companies, Almaden Resources Corporation and Fairfield Minerals Ltd. on February 1, 2002.  The 
Company operates under the laws of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia). 

The  Company’s  common  shares  began  trading  on  The  Toronto  Stock  Exchange  (“TSX”)  under  the  symbol 
“AMM”  on  February  11,  2002  and  on  the  NYSE  MKT,  under  the  symbol  “AAU”  on  December  19,  2005.  
Almaden  Resources  Corporation’s  initial  public  offering  on  the  Vancouver Stock Exchange was pursuant to a 
prospectus  dated  October  10,  1986.    The  shares  of  Fairfield  Minerals  Ltd.  began  trading  on  the  Vancouver 
Stock Exchange on July  18, 1986 and on The Toronto Stock Exchange on May 21, 1990. 

There have been no public takeover offers by third parties in respect of the Company’s shares and the Company 
has made no public  takeover offers in respect of any other company’s shares. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Organizational Structure 
The Company currently has ten wholly-owned subsidiaries that were formed to hold properties in their respective 
jurisdictions.  These subsidiaries are:   

Subsidiaries 
Almaden America Inc. 
Republic  Resources Ltd. 
Puebla Holdings  Inc. 
Ixtaca Precious Metals Inc. 
Pangeon Holdings  Ltd. 
Almaden de Mexico,  S.A. de C.V. 
Minera Gavilan,  S.A. de C.V. 
Compania Minera Zapata, S.A. de C.V. 
Minera Gorrion,  S.A. de C.V. 
Minera Alondra,  S.A. de C.V. 

Jurisdiction 
USA 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 

  Nature of operations 
exploration  company 
service company 
holding  company 
holding  company 
holding  company 
exploration  company 
exploration  company 
exploration  company 
exploration  company 
holding  company 

At December 31, 2014, the Company owned a 50% share interest in ATW Resources Ltd. ("ATW"), a company 
incorporated  in  the  Northwest  Territories,  Canada  on  January  6,  1993    and  a  38.8%  share  interest  in  Gold 
Mountain  Mining  Corporation,  a  company  incorporated  in  British  Columbia,  Canada  on  June  12,  2008 
(formerly Beanstalk Capital Inc. and Set For Growth Developments Ltd.). 

Business of the Company 
The  Company  is  engaged  in  the  business  of  the  acquisition,  exploration  and  when  warranted,  development of 
mineral properties.  The Company has property interests in Canada, U.S. and Mexico. None of the Company's 
property  interests  are  beyond  exploration  stage.    Presently  there  is  no  assurance  that  any  of  the  Company's 
mining properties or prospects contains a commercially viable ore body (reserve) until further work is done and 
at  a  minimum,  a  pre-feasibility  study  based  upon  such  work  is  concluded.  The Company is in the exploration 
stage and has not generated any revenues from operations. 

Proposed Corporate Reorganization 
In October 2014, the Company announced that it intends to seek shareholder approval to spin-out certain of the 
Company’s assets into a newly incorporated company (“Spinco”).  Under the proposed spin-out, the Company’s 
early  stage  exploration  projects,  royalty  interests  and other non-core assets will be transferred to Spinco.  The 
Company’s  current  shareholders  will receive shares of Spinco by way of a share exchange, pursuant to which 
each existing share of Almaden is exchanged for one “new” share of Almaden and 0.6 of a share of Spinco. 

Under the proposed spin-out,  the following  key assets will  be transferred from Almaden to Spinco: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 
• 

a  100%  interest  in  the  El  Cobre  copper-gold  porphyry  exploration  project  in  Mexico  and  the  Willow 
copper-gold  porphyry  exploration  project  in  Nevada,  in  addition  to  a  portfolio  of  20  other  exploration 
projects, many of which are located in eastern Mexico in geological environments similar to the recent 
Ixtaca and Caballo Blanco discoveries;  
a 2% Net Smelter Return (“NSR”) royalty on the Company’s Tuligtic property in Mexico, which hosts 
the Company’s Ixtaca gold-silver  development  project;  
a  1.5%  NSR  on  the  Caballo  Blanco  gold  deposit  in  Mexico,  a  development  project  operated  by 
Goldgroup  Mining  Inc.;  
a  2%  NSR  on  the  Elk  gold  deposit  in  Canada,  an  advanced  exploration  project  operated  by  Gold 
Mountain  Mining  Corp.;  
a  portfolio  of  21  additional  NSR  royalties  on  exploration  projects  in  Mexico,  Canada  and  the  United 
States identified  through the Company’s past prospect generator activities;  
equity holdings  in several publicly-listed  companies; and  
sufficient working  capital to satisfy applicable  stock exchange requirements.  

Almaden will  retain the Ixtaca gold/silver  project if the proposed spin-off is completed.   

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  spin-out  will  be  effected  by  way of a plan of arrangement under the  Business Corporations Act (British 
Columbia),  and  must  be approved by the Supreme Court of British Columbia and by the affirmative vote of 66 
2/3% of Almaden’s shareholders in attendance personally or by proxy at a shareholder’s meeting. The Company 
intends to apply for a listing of the shares of Spinco on the TSX Venture Exchange ("TSX-V"). Any such listing 
will  be subject to Spinco fulfilling  all  of the requirements of the TSX-V.  

The  spin-out  also  remains  conditional  on  the  approval  of  final  documentation  by  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
Almaden  and  approval  of  the  spin-out  by  the  TSX-V.  Additional  details  of  the  spin-out  transaction  will  be 
included  in  an  information  circular  to  be  mailed  to  shareholders  of  Almaden  on  or  about  May  2015  in 
connection  with  the Company's Annual General Meeting which is anticipated to be held in June 2015. There is 
no guarantee the spin-out will  be completed as proposed, if at all. 

Business Overview 

Maintaining  properties 

The  following  is  a  general  statement  about  government  requirements  for  holding  mineral  properties  in  the 
jurisdictions  where the Company works. 

In  Canada,  mining  law  is  a  provincial  or  territorial  matter.  Maintaining  a  mineral  property  requires  annual 
assessment  work  or  cash  in  lieu  of  work.  Prior  to  starting  a  work  program,  an  application  describing  the 
program  is  submitted  to  the  government  authorities  and  this  is  then  distributed  for  comment  to  various 
departments  for  review,  such  as  fisheries  or  forestry  that  may  discern  impact  from  the  proposed  work.  The 
government has an obligation to consult with First Nation groups in the area that may have a land claim over the 
mineral  claims,  but  this  consultation  is  often  delegated  to  the  Company  to  handle.  A  memorandum  of 
understanding  may  have  to  be  negotiated  with  the  First  Nation  before  the  government  will  issue  a  permit  to 
work. If there is to be any environmental impact, an appropriate reclamation amount is determined and a bond is 
posted by the Company for this amount before the permit is issued. 

In  the  U.S.,  federal  mining  laws  govern  mining  claims  on  federal  land,  including  land  administered  by  the 
Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”). A payment of US$140 per claim is payable to the BLM by September 1 
of each year per twenty acre mining claim.  This is filed in advance for the upcoming assessment year.  Prior to 
any  exploration  activity,  an  Exploration  Plan  is  submitted  to  the  BLM  that  outlines  the  work  program  and 
describes  any  proposed  land  disturbance.  Reclamation  plans  are  also  submitted  and  an  appropriate  bond  to 
ensure such reclamation is done may have to be provided before the permit is issued. 

In Mexico, mining law is a federal matter.  The government requires annual assessment work and expenditures 
per hectare which increase with the size and age of the claim.  Under the tax reforms effective January 1, 2014, 
if  a  concession  holder  has  not  conducted  exploration  or  exploitation  activities  during  a  two-year  period,  the 
concession  holder  would  have  to  pay  an  additional  50%  of  the  taxes  payable  per hectare if within the last 11 
years, and an additional 100% of the taxes payable if after year 12.  Land taxes per hectare also have to be paid 
by  January  31  and  July  31  each  year.    Both  amounts  are  subject  to  inflation  accounting  and  the  inflation 
adjustment  number  for  each  fiscal  period  is  published  in  the  official  gazette.  Under  the  Mexican  Constitution 
and the mining and environmental laws of Mexico, all mining projects are subject to Federal legal control.  This 
control  is  exercised  from  the  exploration  phase  through  the  closure  phase  of  a  mining  project.  Prior  to  the 
initiation  of  exploration  activities,  concession  owners  are  required  to  file  a  notice  of  commencement  of 
exploration  activities  in  conformity  with  Mexican  Official  Norm  120  (NOM-120);  prior  to  initiation  of 
construction  activities  (and  also  in  some  more  intrusive  exploration  activities),  mining  projects  are  required  to 
apply  for  and  obtain  an  environmental  impact  authorization  and  a  land  use  permit  from  the  Mexican  Federal 
environmental  agency  SEMARNAT  (Secretaria  de  Medio  Ambiente y Recursos Naturales). This requires the 
presentation  of  an  environmental  impact  manifest  and  a  technical  study  which  deals  with  the  impacts,  the 
environmental  mitigation,  and  habitat  compensation  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  authorities  having  environmental 
jurisdiction. 

Competition 
The  mineral  property  exploration  and  development  business,  in  general,  is  intensively  competitive  and there  is 
not any assurance that even if commercial quantities of ore are discovered, a ready market will exist for sale of 
same.  Numerous  factors beyond our control may  affect the marketability of any substances discovered. These 
factors  include  market  fluctuations;  the  proximity  and  capacity  of  natural  resource  markets  and  processing 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
equipment;  and  government  regulations,  including  regulations  relating  to  prices,  taxes,  royalties,  land  tenure, 
land  use,  importing  and  exporting  of  mineral  and  environmental  protection.  The  exact  effect  of  these  factors 
cannot  be  accurately  predicted,  but  the  combination of these factors may make it difficult for us to receive an 
adequate return on investment. 

We  compete  with  many  companies  possessing  greater  financial  resources  and  technical  facilities  for  the 
acquisition  of  mineral concessions, claims, leases and other mineral interests as well as for the  recruitment and 
retention of qualified  employees. 

Seasonality 
The  Company’s  projects  are  spread  from  northern  Canada  to  south/central  Mexico  and  span  several  climate 
zones.    In  northern  Canada,  winter is often the best time to work because frozen lakes and swamps allow the 
movement of drills and other equipment.  In western  U.S., dry to desert conditions prevail and year round work 
is  possible.    In  Mexico,  the  climate  in  the  project  areas  is  marked  by  dry,  cold  winters  and  a  distinct  rainy 
season. The rainy season typically begins in May or June and continues until late September to October. In most 
years roads remain passable and exploration can be done throughout the rainy season. Seasonal changes do not 
have a material impact on our exploration  expenditures. 

Exploration  Program Protocols 

General Sample Handing and Quality Control Program for Exploration Programs 

The  Company  employs  a  strict  quality  control  program  for  samples  taken during its exploration programs. For 
drilling  programs  a  quality  control  program  is  in  place  which  includes  the  insertion  of  blanks,  field  duplicates 
and certified standards into the sample stream. 

Chain of Custody 
Samples  of  rock  and  drill  core  and  cuttings  are  sealed  by  the  sampler  and  kept  under  control  of  a  qualified 
person until  they are shipped to a laboratory. 

Sample Handling 
Sample  handling  for  drilling  programs  is  described  more  fully  below.  Soil  and  stream  sediment  samplers have 
been  trained  to  industry  standard  levels  of  sampling  methodology.  In  general,  the  Company  sieves  stream 
sediment  samples  to  -20  mesh  in the field during preparation. Samplers are required to not wear any jewellery 
or  clothing  or  use  equipment  which  may  contaminate  the  sample.  All  sample  locations  are  geographically 
located  at  the  time  of  sampling  using  the  Global  Positioning  System. The Company has prepared standardized 
sample  information  cards  for samplers to record information concerning the sample location, type and medium. 
Outcrop,  float  and  dump  rock  samples  are  collected  by  geologists  who  record  similarly  ordered  geologic 
information  relating  to the sample taken. 

Blanks 
Blank  material,  a  sample  of  crushed  and  pulverized  rock,  known  to  contain  very  low  or  non-detectable 
concentration of gold, is inserted as a pulp into the sample stream on an interval of every 20 samples. Blanks are 
intended to detect possible contamination. 

Duplicates 
During  drill  programs  the  company  routinely  includes  a  field  duplicate  into  the  sample  stream,  spaced  at  20 
sample  intervals.  Field  duplicate  samples  are  splits  of drill core or reverse circulation cuttings from the sample 
interval.  The  resulting  two  field  duplicate  samples  are  submitted  with  separate  sample  numbers  “blind” to the 
assay  lab  and  separately  treated  as  normal  samples.  The  samples  are  taken  randomly  with no regard to rock 
type, geographic position or degree of alteration or mineralization. These field duplicates are then used to detect 
the cumulative  uncertainties associated with the entire sampling  and analytical  process. 

Standards 
During  drill  programs  the  company  routinely  includes  a  field  duplicate  into  the  sample  stream,  spaced  at  20 
sample intervals. Certified standards are purchased from CDN Resource Labs of Vancouver and are prepared by 
this  professional  third  party  lab  according  to  industry  standard  and  accepted  methodologies.  Standards  are 
utilized  to monitor  the accuracy of the laboratory work. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sample Handling for Drill Programs 

Core Box Preparation 
Plastic core boxes are used for the storage of core.  Each box is labelled by the drillers at the rig with the drill-
hole  number,  a  box  number  and  an  arrow  to  mark the start of the tray and the down-hole direction.  Wooden 
core  blocks,  with  the  meterage  in  black  marker  pen,  are  inserted  by  the  drillers  at  the  end  of  each  core  run 
(usually 3 m or less).  These core run intervals are checked and recorded by the geologist during mark up (see 
below).  When filled with core the boxes are sealed with a plastic lid by the drillers and transported to the core 
logging  facility. 

Sample and Corebox Markup 
Once at the core logging facility, the core boxes are marked up with the starting and ending meterage, written at 
the ends of the trays with a marker.  An aluminum tag with the hole number, box number and meterage is then 
stapled to the front of each tray.  The core blocks are then covered with an aluminum permi-tag with the depth 
inscribed  and  written  over  in  black  marker pen for clarity in core tray photographs. The start and end of each 
selected sample interval is marked with a red wax pencil mark across the core and sample numbers are written 
on the edge of the core box channels at the start and end of each sample interval.  Intervals denoting the position 
in  the  sample  tag  sequence  of  field  duplicate, blank and analytical standards are also marked on the core box.  
Different  colored  tape  was  stapled  to  the  boxes  to  indicate  the  position  and  type  of  duplicate  sample.    A 
permanent  aluminum  tag  with  the  sample  number  inscribed  on  them  was stapled to the inside of the core box 
channel at the start of each sample interval.   A cut line was marked on the core as a guide for sawing of half-
core samples for assay.  The cut line position is marked by fitting the ends of the core together, to align them as 
they came out of the hole, and using a ruler to draw a line down the core axis with a red wax pencil.  This mark-
up is done after the trays are photographed.  Cut line positions are selected by the logging geologist to produce 
two  halves  with  equal  proportions  of  mineralization.    Typically  this  is  done  by  marking  the  cut  line  down  the 
long  axis  of  the  ellipses  described  by  the  intersection  of  the  veins  with  the  core circumference.  Each tray is 
digitally  photographed before core cutting and sampling. 

Core Logging 
Before  cutting  and  sampling the core, the following tables of data are recorded  on paper and then entered into 
the Almaden drill  hole database system: 

Geotechnical Logging 
1. Core box record sheet:  Beginning  and end from/to intervals for each core box. 

2. For each core run (from and to) a record of the core size, meters of core recovered for the interval, RQD (the 
total  length  of  pieces  of  core  in  the  interval  that  are  twice  the  width  of  the  core  divided  by the length of the 
interval,  times 100) and hardness (on a scale from 1 to 5, from softest to hardest). 
3. A drilling  daily  control  sheet showing the progress of the rig for each shift. 

Geological  Logging 
1.  Geology  Log:    Intervals  selected  by  the  geologist  recording  a  detailed  description  of  the  lithology,  texture, 
alteration,  mineral  assemblage  and  intensity  and  level  of  oxidation/weathering.    Structural  measurements  (i.e. 
the  angle  of  structures  to the core axis) are also recorded.  The cover sheet includes details such as surveyed 
collar co-ordinates, downhole survey data, core size depths, drilling dates and sample number series.  A graphic 
log column  with a sketch of the geology is also included. 

2.  Veining  and  Mineralization:  (Intervals on this form are the same as the sample intervals).  Estimates of the 
percent  veining  and  the  percentage  of  different  minerals  represented  in  either  vein,  breccia  or  disseminated 
form, i.e. quartz, carbonates, pyrite etc. (sometimes completed after sampling). 

3. Sample Sheet:  A record of the sample intervals, sample numbers and duplicate, blank and analytical standard 
numbers  as  well  as  magnetic  susceptibility  measurements  taken  on  each  sample  (using  a  handheld  magnetic 
susceptibility  meter pushed against the core). 

4.  Hole  Summary:  An  abbreviated  hole  log  that  summarizes the important features of a drill hole. A summary 
drill  hole  trace  giving  the  geologist  the  opportunity  to  summarize  the  hole  and  sketch  in  structural orientations 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
in  a  form  easily  transferred  to  sections.  All logs are saved on the server along with the core photos  and other 
data from each hole. 

Sample Interval Selection 
All  strongly  altered  or  mineralized  intervals  of  core were sampled.  Sampling always began at least 5 samples 
above the start of mineralization.   Sample intervals  were selected using the following  criteria. 

-Maximum  sample length  of 2 m in unmineralized  lithologies 
-Maximum  sample length  of 1 m in mineralized  lithologies 
-Minimum  sample  length  of  50  cm.  Geological  changes  in  the  core  such  as  major  mineralization/alteration 
intensity  and lithology  changes were used as sample breaks.  
-Core size changes and any zones of core loss were used as sample breaks. 
-Large discrete veins that might possibly  be modeled or mined as separate structures were sampled separately. 

The begin/end marks were placed so that the entire vein ended up in the sample(s) and the vein is not smeared 
into  samples on either side. 

Sampling  Procedure 
All  samples  were  originally  cut  in  half  using  custom-made,  gasoline  engine-powered  diamond  core  saws.  All 
were  recently  changed  to  electric  powered  saws.    Each  saw  has  sliding  trays and customized “core cradles” 
sized  for  each  core  diameter  in  order  to  ensure  a  straight  cut  down  the  cut  line  and  to  minimize  the  loss  of 
friable core during cutting. Areas of very soft rock (e.g. fault gouge), are cut with a machete, using the side of 
the core channel to ensure a straight cut.  Areas of very broken core (pieces <1 cm) were sampled using spoons.  
The following  standard sampling  procedures were employed: 

The  right  hand  side  of  the  core (looking down the hole) was always sampled. After cutting, half the core was 
placed  in  a  new plastic sample bag and half was placed back in the core box. Between each sample, the core 
saw and sampling table areas were washed to ensure no contamination between samples. Field duplicate, blank 
and analytical standards were added into the sample sequence as they were being cut. After cutting of samples 
containing visible gold, a piece of abrasive quartz sandstone was cut to clean the diamond blade.  This was done 
to prevent contamination  of the following  sample with gold  that may have become smeared onto the blade. 

Sample  numbers  were  written  on  the outside of the sample bags twice and the tag from the sample book was 
placed inside  the bag with the half core.  The bags were sealed using single-use plastic cable ties. 

Sample numbers on the bags were checked against the numbers on the core box and the sample book. 

The  core cutting area is within the core logging shed and the logging geologists regularly checked the precision 
of the core cutting and sampling.  The sealed plastic sample bags were placed in large plastic twine (rice) sacks 
(usually  between  8  and  10  samples  per  sack)  and  sealed  using  single-use  plastic  cable  ties.  The  sacks  were 
weighed and the sack number, sample numbers, sack weight and date written on the outside of the sacks. 

Company’s Principal Properties  
The  Company  has  two  principal  property  interests,  both  in  Mexico:  (1)  the  Tuligtic  prospect  (100%  interest) 
which includes the Ixtaca zone, and (2) the El Cobre copper-gold  prospect (100% interest). 

The  Company  does  not  deem  its  other  exploration  projects  to  be  material  properties.  The  Company  plans  to 
conduct  preliminary  exploration  on  the  projects  however  there  are  no  current  plans  to  conduct  advanced 
exploration  on these projects. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRINCIPAL PROPERTY INTERESTS 

The Tuligtic Prospect – Mexico   

Location and Access 
The  Ixtaca  deposit,  the  epithermal  gold-silver  target  within  the  Tuligtic  Property, is located 8 km northwest of 
the town of San Francisco Ixtacamaxtitlán, the county seat of the municipality  of Ixtacamaxtitlán,  Puebla State. 
The  project  is  accessible  by  driving  40  km  east along Highway 119 from Apizaco, an industrial center located 
approximately  50  km  north  of  Puebla  City  by  two-lane  Highway,  and  then  north  approximately  2  km  along a 
paved road to the town of Santa Maria.  The trip from Apizaco to site can be driven in approximately 1.5 hours. 
There is also access to the Property using gravel roads from the northeast via Tezhuitan and Cuyoaco, from the 
south  via  Libres  and  from  the  northwest  via  Chignahuapan.    The  Xicohtencatl  Industrial  complex  lies  30  km 
southwest  by  paved  road  from  the  Tuligtic Project, and houses agricultural, chemical, biomedical and industrial 
manufacturing  facilities  and  is  serviced  by  rail.    Puebla,  the  fourth  largest  city  in  Mexico  has  a  population  in 
excess of 4 million  people,  and includes  one of the largest Volkswagen automotive plants outside Germany. 

The  Topography  on  the  Tuligtic  Project  is  generally  moderate  to  steep  hills  with  incised  stream  drainages. 
Elevation  ranges  from  2,300  meters  (m)  above  sea  level  in  the  south  to  2,800  m  in  the  north.    Vegetation  is 
dominantly cactus and pines and the general area is also somewhat cultivated with subsistence vegetables, bean 
and  corn  crops.    The  Ixtaca  Zone exploration area has been previously cleared and logged.  The region has a 
temperate  climate  with  average  temperatures  ranging  from  19°C  in  June  to  10°C  in  December.    The  area 
experiences  about  600  mm  of  precipitation  annually  with  the  majority  falling  during the rainy season, between 
June  and  September.  Exploration can be conducted year round within the Property.  Electricity is available on 
the Property as the national electricity grid services nearby towns such as Santa Maria and Zacatepec.  Water 
for  exploration  is  available  from  year-round natural springs located at higher elevations above and upstream of 
the  Ixtaca  deposit.    The  surface  rights  locally  are  privately  owned  and  where  Almaden  is  exploring  the 
Company has negotiated surface land use agreements with surface rights landowners. 

30 

 
 
 
 
31 

 
Claims and Title 
The  Tuligtic  property  consists  of  three  claims  held  100%  by  Minera  Gorrion  S.A.  de  C.V.,  a  subsidiary  of 
Almaden  Minerals  Ltd.  through  the  holding  company,  Puebla  Holdings  Inc.    The  claims,  tabularized  below, 
cover  an  area  of  over  20,000  hectares  and  were  staked.    Almaden  acquired  the  Cerro  Grande  claims of the 
Tuligtic  Project  in  2001  and  the Caldera 3-a claim in 2010,  following the identification of surficial clay deposits 
that were interpreted to represent high-level epithermal alteration.  Official title documents have been issued for 
all claims,  the details of which are summarized below. 

Claim Name  Claim Number  Valid Until Date  Area (hectares) 

Cerro Grande 
Cerro Grande 2 
Caldera 3-a 
Total 

219469 
233434 
241003 

March 5, 2059 
February 23, 2059 
November 20, 2062 

11,201.55 
3,028.00 
5,984.41 
20,213.96 

Location 
Tetela de Ocampo 
Ixtacamaxtitlan Aquixtla,  Pue. 
Zautla, Puebla 
Ixtacamaxtitlan,  Puebla 

Geological Setting of the Tuligtic Project and Ixtaca Zone 
Within  the  Tuligtic  Project,  argillaceous  limestone  of  the  Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Upper Tamaulipas 
formation  is  underlain  by  transitional  calcareous  clastic  rocks  including  siltstone,  grainstone,  mudstone,  and 
calcareous shale.  During the Laramide orogeny the carbonate package was intensely deformed into a series of 
thrust-related east verging anticlines.  Calcareous shale units appear to occupy the cores of the anticlines while 
the  thick  bedded  limestone/mudstone  units  occupy  the  cores  of  major  synclines  at  the  Ixtaca  Zone.    These 
carbonate basement units are crosscut by intensely altered intermediate composition dykes in the Tertiary.  The 
deformed  Mesozoic  sedimentary  sequence  is  discordantly  overlain  by  epithermal  altered  Cenozoic  bedded 
crystal tuff of the upper Coyoltepec subunit.  The Coyoltepec volcanics are locally oxidized and weathered near 
surface and along structures. 

Two  styles  of  alteration  and  mineralization  have  been  identified  in  the  area:  (1) copper-molybdenum porphyry 
style  alteration  and  mineralization  hosted  by  diorite  and  quartz-diorite  intrusions;  (2)  silver-gold  low-
sulphidation  epithermal  quartz-bladed  calcite  veins  hosted primarily by carbonate rocks and spatially associated 
with overlying  volcanic  hosted texturally  destructive clay alteration  and replacement silicification. 

Outcropping  porphyry-style  alteration  and  mineralization is observed in the bottoms of several drainages where 
the  altered  intrusive  complex  is  exposed  in  erosional  windows  beneath  post  mineral  unconsolidated  ash 
deposits.  Multiple late and post mineral intrusive phases have been identified crossing an early intensely altered 
and  quartz-veined  medium-grained  feldspar  phyric  diorite named the Principal Porphyry.  Other intrusive types 
include  late  and  post  mineral  mafic  dykes  and  an  inter-mineral  feldspar-quartz  phyric  diorite.    Late  mineral 
mafic  dykes are fine grained and altered to chlorite with accessory pyrite.  Calc-silicate (garnet-clinopyroxene) 
altered limestone occurs in proximity to the intrusive contacts and is crosscut by late quartz-pyrite veins.  Early 
biotite  alteration  of  the  principal  porphyry  consists  of  biotite-orthoclase  flooding  of  the  groundmass.    Quartz 
veins  associated  with  early  alteration  have  irregular  boundaries  and  are  interpreted to be representative of A-
style  porphyry  veins.    These  are  followed  by molybdenite veins which are associated with the same wall rock 
alteration.  Chalcopyrite appears late in the early alteration sequence. Late alteration is characterized by intense 
zones  of  muscovite-illite-pyrite  overprinting  earlier  quartz-K-feldspar-pyrite  ±  chalcopyrite  veining  and 
replacing  earlier  hydrothermal  orthoclase  and  biotite.    Stockwork quartz-pyrite crosscuts the A-style veins and 
is  associated  with  muscovite-illite  alteration  of  biotite.    The  quartz-sericite  alteration  can  be  texturally 
destructive  resulting  in  white  friable  quartz  veined  and  pyrite  rich  rock.    Pyrite  is  observed  replacing 
chalcopyrite and in  some instances chalcopyrite remains only  as inclusions  within  late stage pyrite grains. 

Epithermal  mineralization  on  the  Tuligtic  property  is  considered to have no genetic relationship to the porphyry 
alteration  and  mineralization  described  above.    The  epithermal  system  is  unoxidised  and  well  preserved,  and 
there  is  evidence  of  a  paleosurface  as  steam heated kaolinite and replacement silica alteration occur at higher 
elevations  where  the  upper  part  of  the  Coyoltepec  pyroclastic  deposit  is  preserved.    The  veining  of  Ixtaca 
epithermal  system  displays  characteristics  representative  of  intermediate and low sulphidation deposits.  These 
include  typical  ore  and  gangue  mineralogy  (electrum,  sphalerite,  galena,  adularia,  carbonates),  mineralization 
dominantly  in open space veins (colloform  banding,  cavity filling). 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mineralized  hydrothermal  breccias  showing  multiphase  development  are  commonly  encountered  within  the 
main  veins.  Hydrothermal  silicic/carbonate  breccia  zones  occur  within  the  limestone  and  dip  steeply.    These 
breccias are dominantly controlled  by the main faults. 

The  Upper  Tamaulipas  formation, the dykes that crosscut it and the upper Coyoltepec volcanic subunit are the 
main  host  rocks  to  the  epithermal  vein  system  at  Ixtaca.    In  the  Main and Ixtaca North zones veining strikes 
dominantly ENE-WNW (060 degrees) parallel to a major dyke trend and at a very high angle to the N to NNW 
bedding  and  fold  structures  within the limestones.  The veins of the Chemalaco Zone are hosted by the shaley 
carbonate units and strike to the NNW, dipping to the SSW. In the footwall to Chemalaco Zone a parallel dyke 
has  been  identified  which  is  altered  and  mineralized.    The  Chemalaco  Zone  and  the  dyke  are  interpreted  to 
strike parallel  to bedding  and to core an antiform comprised of calcareous shale. 

Studies of mineral assemblages in hand specimen, transmitted and reflected light microscopy and SEM analyses 
were  carried  out  in  order  to  construct  a  paragenetic  sequence  of  mineral formation.  This work revealed that 
veining occurred in three main stages.   The first stage is barren calcite veining.  This is followed by buff brown 
and  pink  colloform  carbonate  and  silicate  veins  containing  abundant  silver  minerals  and lower gold.  The third 
stage  of  veining  contains  both  gold  and  silver  mineralization.    The  dominant  gold-bearing  mineral  is  electrum, 
with varying Au:Ag ratios.   The majority of grains contain 40-60 wt (weight) % gold but a few have down to 20 
wt% (Staffurth, 2012).   Gold content occasionally varies within electrum grains, and some larger grains seem to 
be composed of aggregates of several smaller grains of differing composition (Staffurth, 2012).   Electrum often 
appears  to  have  been  deposited  with  late  galena-clausthalite  both  of  which  are  found  as  inclusions  or  in 
fractures  in  pyrite.  It  is  also  closely associated with silver minerals such as  uytenbogaardtite (Ag3AuS2).  This 
mineral  is  associated  with  electrum,  chalcopyrite,  galena,  alabandite,  silver  minerals  and  quartz  in  stage  three 
mineralization.    Apart  from  electrum,  the  dominant  silver  bearing  minerals  are  polybasite  (-pearceite)  and 
argentian  tetrahedrite  plus  minor  acanthite-naumannite,  pyrargyrite  and  stephanite.    They  are  associated  with 
sulphides  or are isolated in  gangue minerals. 

The  vein-related  mineralization  at  Ixtaca  does  not  have  hard  geologic  boundaries.    The  mineralized zones are 
essentially  vein  zones,  the  outer  boundaries  of  which  are  grade  boundaries  associated  with  decreased  vein 
density. 

History of Past Work 
To  the  Company’s  knowledge,  no  modern  exploration  was  carried  out  on  the  project  prior  to  Almaden’s 
acquisition  of  the  property  area  by  staking  in  2001.    Evidence  of  historic  mining  of  clay  (kaolinite)  deposits 
from surface is evident throughout the property area.  Almaden acquired the Cerro Grande claims of the Tuligtic 
Project  in  2001  following  the  identification  of  surficial  clay  deposits  that  were  interpreted  to  represent  high-
level  epithermal  alteration.    In  2010,  the  Company  acquired  the  third  Caldera 3-a claim.  Subsequent geologic 
mapping,  rock,  stream  silt,  soil  sampling  and  induced  polarization  (IP)  geophysical  surveys  identified  porphyry 
copper and epithermal gold  targets within an approximately  5 x 5 km area of intensely altered rock.  

On  May  9,  2002  Almaden  entered  into  a  joint  venture  agreement  with  BHP  Billiton  World  Exploration  Inc. 
(BHP)  to  undertake  exploration  in  eastern  Mexico.  Initial  helicopter-borne  reconnaissance  programs  were 
completed  in  May  2003  and  March  2004  on  select  targets  within  the  joint  venture area of interest. The work 
resulted in the acquisition of  five (5) separate properties, in addition to the previously acquired Cerro Grande of 
the  present  day Tuligtic Property. Following a review of the initial exploration data, effective January 20, 2005, 
BHP relinquished  its interest in  the six properties to Almaden. The joint  venture was terminated in 2006. 

Later  in  2006,  the  Tuligtic  project  was  optioned  to  Pinnacle  Mines  Ltd.    In  2007  this  option  agreement  was 
terminated.  In 2009 the property was optioned to Antofagasta Minerals S.A. under terms whereby it could earn 
a  75%  interest  in  the  property.  In  2009  and  2010  Antofagasta  Minerals  S.A.,  under  Almaden  operation, 
conducted  a  geophysical  and  exploration  drilling  program  on  the  copper  porphyry  area  of  the  project.  The 
program  consisted  of  three  lines  of  IP  geophysics  and  2,522  meters  of  diamond  drilling  in  six  holes.    The  IP 
chargeability results, along with that of previous programs carried out by Almaden, defined a 2 by 2.5 kilometer 
chargeability  high  the  limits  of  which  are  currently  only  defined to the west and south. The drilling intersected 
skarn  and  porphyry  copper-molybdenum  mineralization in an intrusive complex. Four of the six drill holes were 
oriented  within  thirty  degrees  of  north south and located within a 200 by 300 meter area roughly in the central 
portion of the IP chargeability anomaly. These holes were selected based on intensely altered and quartz-veined 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
porphyry  exposed  in  the  drainages  in  the  central  portion  of  the  chargeability  anomaly.  The  drilling  program 
encountered  sub  economic  porphyry  mineralization.  The  mineralized  intersections,  despite  being  largely  in 
skarn  and uneconomic, are considered by the Company to be encouraging for the greater porphyry potential of 
the system. Antofagasta Minerals S.A. terminated its option on the project in March 2010. 

In  July  2010  Almaden  initiated  a  diamond  drilling program on the gold-silver epithermal vein target area of the 
project  located  roughly  1  kilometer  to  the  south  of  the  porphyry  prospect  on  the  project. The first hole in this 
program  (results  announced in August, 2010) intersected a zone of banded carbonate-quartz epithermal veining 
with  gold  and  silver  values.  This  hole  constitutes  the  discovery  of  the  Ixtaca Zone of veining. The entire hole 
cut  through  a  vein  zone  of  varying  intensity  of  veining  and  intersected  302.41m  of  1.01  g/t  Au  &  48  g/t Ag. 
Within this  broad zone of veining several higher grade veins were intersected including  44.35 meters of 2.77 g/t 
Au  and  117.7  g/t  Ag.    Immediately  after  this  discovery  the  Company  initiated  a  follow-up  drill  program.  
Between  2010  and  2013,  Almaden’s  exploration  at  the  Ixtaca  Zone  of  the Tuligtic Property included geologic 
mapping  and  prospecting,  alteration  mineralogic  characterization,  rock  and  soil  geochemical  sampling,  ground 
magnetics,  IP  and  resistivity,  Controlled  Source  Audio-frequency  Magnetotelluric  (CSAMT),  and  Controlled 
Source  Induced  Polarization  (CSIP)  geophysical  surveys  resulting  in  the  identification  of  several  anomalous 
zones.    Since  2010,  a  total  of  453  exploration  diamond  drill  holes  have  been drilled  at  the Tuligtic Gold-Silver 
Project, totaling  147,892  m. 

Present Condition of Project and 2014 Exploration Program 

Geology and Mineral Resources 
The  Ixtaca  deposit  is  an  epithermal  gold-silver  deposit,  mostly  hosted  by  veins  in  carbonate  units  (calcareous 
clastic  rocks)  and  crosscutting  pre-mineral  altered  dykes  (“basement  rocks”)  with  a  minor  component  of 
disseminated  mineralisation  hosted  in  overlying  volcanic  rocks.    Wireframes  constraining  mineralised  domains 
were  constructed  based  on  geologic  boundaries  defined by mineralisation intensity and host rock type.  Higher 
grade zones occur where there is a greater density of epithermal veining. These higher grade domains have good 
continuity  and are cohesive in nature. 

On  January  31,  2013,  the Company announced a maiden resource on the Ixtaca Zone.  Since that time drilling 
has been focused on expanding and infilling the known resource base for this PEA which utilised the NI 43-101 
Compliant  Updated  Mineral  Resource  Estimate  released January 22, 2014, performed by Gary Giroux, P.Eng., 
qualified person under the meaning of NI 43-101, and summarised in Table 1 below.  The data available for the 
resource  estimation  consisted  of  423  drill  holes  assayed  for  gold and silver.  The estimate was constrained by 
three  dimensional  solids  representing  different  lithologic  and  mineralized  domains.    Of  the  total  drill  holes  400 
intersected  the  mineralized  solids  and  were  used  to  make  the  resource  estimate.    Capping  was  completed  to 
reduce  the  effect  of  outliers  within  each  domain.    Uniform  down hole 3 meter composites were produced for 
each domain and used to produce semi-variograms for each variable.  Grades were interpolated into blocks 10 x 
10  x  5  meters  in  dimension by ordinary kriging.  Specific gravities were  determined for each domain from drill 
core.  Estimated blocks were classified as either Measured, Indicated or Inferred based on drill hole density and 
grade continuity.   

Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors concerning estimates of Measured and 
Indicated Resources 

This  section  uses  the  terms  “measured  resources”  and  “indicated  resources”.    We 
advise  U.S.  investors  that  while these terms are recognized and required by Canadian 
regulations,  the  U.S.  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  does  not  recognize  them.  
U.S. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of mineral deposits 
in these categories will ever be converted into reserves. 

Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors concerning estimates of Inferred 
Resources 
This  section  uses  the  term  “inferred  resources”.  We  advise  U.S.  investors that while 
this  term  is  recognized  and  required  by  Canadian  regulations,  the  U.S.  Securities and 
Exchange Commission does not recognize it. “Inferred resources” have a great amount 
of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
feasibility.  It  cannot  be  assumed  that  all  or  any  part of an Inferred Mineral Resource 
will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of Inferred 
Mineral  Resources  may  not  form  the  basis  of  feasibility  or  other  economic  studies. 
U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that part or all of an inferred resource 
exists, or is economically or legally mineable. 

MEASURED RESOURCE

AuEq Cut-off Tonnes > Cut-off

Grade>Cut-off

Contained Metal

(g/t)

0.3

0.5

0.7

1.0

2.0

(tonnes)

Au (g/t) Ag (g/t) AuEq (g/t) Au (ozs) Ag (ozs) AuEq (ozs)

44,590,000

30,440,000

22,320,000

15,620,000

6,000,000

0.48

0.61

0.73

0.88

1.33

30.27

39.44

48.00

58.66

86.51

1.07

1.38

1.67

2.03

3.01

682,000 43,400,000 1,528,000

599,000 38,600,000 1,351,000

525,000 34,450,000 1,196,000

444,000 29,460,000 1,018,000

256,000 16,690,000

581,000

INDICATED RESOURCE

AuEq Cut-off Tonnes > Cut-off

Grade>Cut-off

Contained Metal

(g/t)

0.3

0.5

0.7

1.0

2.0

(tonnes)

Au (g/t) Ag (g/t) AuEq (g/t) Au (ozs) Ag (ozs) AuEq (ozs)

109,150,000

62,610,000

39,520,000

23,850,000

5,910,000

0.38

0.52

0.65

0.81

1.39

20.76

28.88

37.09

47.06

72.81

0.79

1.08

1.37

1.73

2.81

1,344,000 72,850,000 2,762,000

1,049,000 58,140,000 2,182,000

828,000 47,130,000 1,746,000

624,000 36,090,000 1,327,000

265,000 13,830,000

534,000

INFERRED RESOURCE

AuEq Cut-off Tonnes > Cut-off

Grade>Cut-off

Contained Metal

(g/t)

0.3

0.5

0.7

1.0

2.0

(tonnes)

Au (g/t) Ag (g/t) AuEq (g/t) Au (ozs) Ag (ozs) AuEq (ozs)

43,410,000

22,700,000

13,630,000

7,700,000

1,200,000

0.36

0.50

0.63

0.79

1.18

17.52

24.99

31.56

39.81

73.69

0.70

0.98

1.25

1.57

2.61

498,000 24,450,000

974,000

362,000 18,240,000

717,000

277,000 13,830,000

546,000

197,000

9,860,000

389,000

45,000

2,840,000

101,000

Table  1:  Ixtaca  Zone  NI  43-101  Measured,  Indicated  and  Inferred Mineral  Resource  Statement  w ith the Base Case 0.5 g/t AuEq Cut-Off 
highlighted.    Also  show n  are  the  0.3,  0.7,  1.0  and  2.0  g/t  AuEq  cut-off  results.  AuEq  calculation  based  on  three  year  trailing  av erage 
prices of $1540/oz gold and $30/oz silv er. 

Preliminary Economic Assessment 

On  April  16,  2014,  the  Company  announced the positive results from the maiden National Instrument (NI) 43-
101  compliant  Preliminary  Economic  Assessment  (“PEA”)  on  its  100%  owned  Ixtaca  Gold-Silver  deposit, 
Mexico.    On  September  3, 2014 the Company reported an updated National Instrument (NI) 43-101 compliant 
PEA  which  significantly  reduces  initial  capital.    Initial  capital  is further reduced with an alternative “ramp-up” 
case  that  starts  with  a  smaller  7,000  tonnes  per  day mill and ramps up to a 30,000 tonnes per day by Year 6.  
Both PEAs were prepared by Moose Mountain Technical Services (“MMTS”) and Knight Piésold Ltd. (“KP”).  
The conclusions and recommendations of both PEAs are that the Ixtaca deposit may be economically viable and 
the  Company  should  proceed  to  a  Pre-Feasibility  Study  ("PFS").    Highlights  of  the  updated  PEA  are 
summarised below (all values shown are in $US). 

This PEA is preliminary in nature as it includes inferred mineral resources which are considered too 
speculative geologically to have the economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to 
be categorized as mineral reserves.  There is no certainty that the PEA forecast will be realized or that 
any of the resources will ever be upgraded to reserves.  Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves 
do not have demonstrated economic viability. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
The  inputs  and  parameters  for  the  PEA  update  includes  base  case  metal  prices  (US  $1320/oz  gold  and  US 
$21/oz silver).  The ramp-up case uses higher processing costs for the lower throughput years.  Highlights of the 
PEA update are summarised below (all values shown are in US Dollars). 

PEA UPDATE HIGHLIGHTS: 

Base Case (US$1320/oz gold  and US$21/oz  silver): 

Total mill  feed of 125.3M tonnes and life of mine  strip ratio of 1.7:1; 

• 
Pre-tax Net Present Value (“NPV”) of $842M at a 5% discount  rate and internal  rate of return of 37%; 
•  After-tax (including  new Mexican Mining  Duties) NPV(5%) of $515M and internal  rate of return of 28%; 
• 
•  Mine life of 12 years with an average processing rate of 30,000  tonnes per day; 
•  Average annual production  of 130,000  ounces of gold  and 7,788,000  ounces of silver; 
• 
Estimated pre-production  capital of US$399M. Sustaining  capital of US$110M; 
•  After-Tax Payback of initial  capital of 2.5 years. 

Ramp-Up Case (US$1320/oz gold  and US$21/oz silver): 

Total mill  feed of 121M tonnes and life of mine strip ratio of 1.8:1; 

• 
Pre-tax Net Present Value (“NPV”) of $699M at a 5% discount  rate and internal  rate of return of 29%; 
•  After-tax (including  new Mexican Mining  Duties) NPV(5%) of $427M and internal  rate of return of 23%; 
• 
•  Mine life of 15 years; 
•  Average annual production  of 103,000  ounces of gold  and 6,148,000  ounces of silver; 
• 

Estimated pre-production  capital of US$244M expansion capital of US$116M,  and life-of mine sustaining 
capital of US$111M; 

•  After-Tax Payback of initial  capital of 4.5 years and after-tax payback of expansion capital in 0.4 years; 

The PEA update is based on the NI 43-101 Compliant  Updated Resource Estimate which was announced by the 
Company on January 22, 2014. 

Production and Processing 
The  Ixtaca  gold-silver  project  is  planned  as  an  open  pit  mining  operation  using  contractor  mining.    Contactor 
mining  operating  costs  are  assumed  to  be  higher  than  expected  owner-operated  mining  costs.    Major  mining 
equipment  is  comprised  of  177-tonne  capacity haul trucks with 27m3 shovels.  The estimated mining inventory 
is  comprised  of  218  million  tonnes  of  rock  and  125  million tonnes of mineralized material with an average mill 
feed  grade  of  0.430  grams  per  tonne gold and 25.71 grams per tonne silver.  A total of 1.56 million ounces of 
gold  and  93.5  million  ounces  of  silver  would  be  produced  over  the  life  of  mine.  The PEA Update base case 
includes  a  30,000  tonne  per  day  process  plant  to  produce  gold  and  silver  doré  on  site.    The  process  plant 
includes  conventional  crushing,  grinding,  gravity,  flotation,  concentrate  leaching  and  Merrill-Crowe  extraction 
process.  Average process recoveries for gold and silver are expected to be 90% based on test work carried out 
at  the  Blue  Coast  Research Ltd laboratory in British Columbia, Canada under the supervision of MMTS.  The 
following  table summarizes the production  and processing parameters: 

Base Case Projected Production and Processing Summary 

 Total Mill  Feed Material 
Processing Rate 

Life of Mine (LOM) Strip Ratio 

Average Mill  Feed Grade 

Average Process Recoveries 

Average Annual Production LOM (ounces) 

Total Production (ounces) 

125.3 Million  tonnes 

30,000  tonnes per day 

1.7 : 1 

Gold 
0.430 g/t 

Silver 
25.71 g/t 

90% 

90% 

130,000 

7,788,000 

1,562,000 

93,461,000 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Capital and Operating Costs 
The  total  estimated  initial  capital  cost  for  the  Ixtaca  gold-silver  project  is  $399  million  and  the  estimated total 
LOM operating costs are $14.48 per tonne mill  feed. The following  tables summarize  the cost components: 

Base Case Initial Capital  Costs ($ Millions) 
Site Infrastructure 
TMF and Water Management 
Pre-stripping 
Mining  Equipment 
Process Plant, Doré Plant and Conveyor 
Indirects, EPCM, Contingency  and Owner’s Costs 
Total 
*Numbers may not add due to rounding 

Base Case Projected Operating Costs ($) 
Contractor mining 
Contractor mining 
Stockpile  re-handling 
Stockpile  re-handling 
Processing 
Lower Throughput  Processing 
Life of Mine G&A and GME 
Life of Mine TMF management and 
reclamation 

$20.4 
$44.7 
$64.5 
$8.0 
$194.5 
$67.4 
*$399.4 

$1.81  $/tonne mined 
$3.89  $/tonne milled 
$1.00  $/tonne re-handled 
$0.34  $/tonne milled 
$9.00  $/tonne milled 
$14.00  $/tonne milled 
$0.97  $/tonne milled 

$0.28  $/tonne milled 

Economic Results and Sensitivities 
A  summary  of  financial  outcomes  comparing  base  case  metal  prices  for  both  start-up  scenarios  to  two 
alternative metal price situations are presented below.  The three metal price scenarios match the maiden PEA 
scenarios.    The  maiden  PEA  base  case  prices  were  derived  from  a  combination  of  spot  prices  in  2014  and 
current  common  peer usage.  The Alternate Case prices represented the lowest sustained prices of the metals 
over  the  previous  three  years.  The 3 year trailing average prices represented the upside potential should metal 
prices regain their previous strength. 

Base Case Summary of Ixtaca Gold-Silver Economic  Results and Sensitivities  ($ Million) 

Gold  Price ($/oz) 

Silver  Price ($/oz) 

Net Cash Flow 

NPV (5% discount rate) 

NPV (8% discount rate) 
Internal Rate of Return (%) 

Payback (years) 

Alternate Case* 

Base Case 

3 Year trailing 
Average 

Pre-Tax  After-Tax  Pre-Tax 

After-Tax  Pre-Tax 

After-Tax 

$1200 

$18 

$1320 

$21 

$1530 

$29 

$889 

$538 

$395 
28.1% 

2.7 

$558 

$315 

$216 
20.8% 

3.0 

$1,334 

$842 

$640 
37.2% 

2.3 

$852 

$515 

$378 
28.3% 

2.5 

$2,334 

$1,514 

$1,179 
53.0% 

1.7 

$1,496 

$950 

$727 
41.4% 

2.0 

*The lowest-grade stockpile material processed at the end of the mine life is below cut-off grade at the Alternate Case metal prices. In the 
Alternate Case this material is not processed and is counted as waste. This in turn shortens the mine life to 9 years (from 12) 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ramp-Up Case Summary of Ixtaca Gold-Silver  Economic Results* and Sensitivities  ($ Million) 

Alternate Case** 

Base Case 

Pre-Tax  After-Tax  Pre-Tax 

After-
Tax 

$1200 

$18 

$1320 

$21 

3 Year trailing 
Average 

Pre-Tax 

After-Tax 

$1530 

$29 

$792 

$424 

$284 
21.5% 

5.0 

0.4 

$494 

$246 

$151 
16.7% 

5.2 

0.5 

$1,231 

$699 

$497 
28.9% 

4.2 

0.3 

$779 

$427 

$294 
23.2% 

4.5 

0.4 

$2,218 

$1,314 

$972 
42.5% 

2.9 

0.2 

$1,415 

$826 

$603 
34.8% 

3.2 

0.3 

Gold  Price ($/oz) 

Silver  Price ($/oz) 

Net Cash Flow 

NPV (5% discount rate) 

NPV (8% discount rate) 
Internal Rate of Return (%) 
Initial  Capital Payback 
(years)* 
Expansion  Capital Payback 
(years) 

*Cash Flows, NPV and IRR numbers reflect the larger mill expansion capital being  financed internally from production revenue. Payback is 
calculated without including the mill expansion capital in order for a relative understanding of the timing of revenue streams. 
** The lowest-grade stockpile material processed at the end of the mine life is below cut-off grade at the Alternate Case metal prices. In the 
Alternate Case this material is not processed and is counted as waste. This in turn shortens the mine life to 13 years (from 15) 

Rock Management, Environment and Community 
Almaden  recognises the paramount importance of protecting the environment and, to facilitate the development 
of  a  sustainable  project.  Knight  Piésold  Ltd.  (“KP”)  have  been  retained  to  help  the  Company  with  long  lead 
item  studies  concerning  environmental  monitoring, assessment and permitting matters. Almaden established the 
following  environmental  objectives for the Project: 

•  Protect surface and ground water quality; 
• 
•  Minimize  the project footprint. 

Incorporate environmental  enhancement opportunities  into  the mine and final  reclamation plans; 

In  order  to  achieve  these  objectives  Almaden  and  KP  have  instituted  the  following  management  strategies 
towards the submission  of a Mexican Environmental  Impact Statement. 

Water  Management  –  Almaden  with  KP  has  developed  a  comprehensive  2014  water  management  strategy 
including  the  commencement  of  a  hydrometric  and  climate  monitoring  program,  and  the  drilling  of  water 
measurement  wells.  The  latest  modelling  using  regional  weather  patterns  suggest  that  management  of rainfall 
and  runoff  from  within  the  project  area  will  provide  sufficient  water  for  continuous  operations  for  the  Ixtaca 
mine  plan.  Currently  local  communities  use  existing  water  supplies  that  come  from  natural  springs  located  at 
higher elevations and upstream of the Ixtaca deposit. Stream flow upstream of the project will be either diverted 
around  or  collected,  potentially  creating  a  new fresh water supply source for local use, or used for mining and 
milling  processes and before any would be discharged it would be treated to meet environmental guidelines. 

Management  of  Rock  –  The  limestone  host  rock,  which  constitutes  approximately  1/3 of the total waste rock 
has buffering capacity. Static geochemical testing is currently underway to characterize this further. 

Environmental  Monitoring  –  Groundwater  monitoring  to  ensure  compliance  with  all  applicable  best 
management  practice  (BMP)  technologies  is  a fundamental component of the Project. Flora and fauna studies 
are also underway. 

Community - The Ixtaca deposit and any potential mining operation will be located in an area previously logged 
or  cleared.    Existing land use in the project area is minimal. The Company has employed up to 70 local people 
in  its  drilling  program  who  live  locally  to  the  Ixtaca  deposit.  Local  employees  make  up virtually all the drilling 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
staff,  who  have  been  trained  on  the  job  to  operate  the  Company’s  wholly  owned  drills.  The  Company  has 
implemented  a  comprehensive  scientifically  based  and  objective  community  relations  and  education  program 
for  employees  and  all  local  stakeholders  to  transparently  explain the exploration program underway as well as 
the  potential  impacts  and  benefits  of any possible future mining operation at Ixtaca. The Company regards the 
local  communities  to  be  major  stakeholders  in  the  Ixtaca  deposit’s  future,  along  with  the  Company’s 
shareholders.  Every  effort  is  being  made to create an open and clear dialogue with our stakeholders to ensure 
that  any  possible  development  scenarios  that  could  evolve  from  the  anticipated  future  studies  are  properly 
understood  and  communicated  throughout  the  course of the Company’s exploration and development program. 
The  Company  invites  all  interested  parties  to  visit  www.almadenminerals.com  to  find  out  more  about  our 
community  development,  education and outreach programs. 

Economic  Impacts  -  The  economic  analysis  set  out in the PEA update also provides some possible indications 
of  the  potential  economic  impact  of  the  Ixtaca  Project  on  the  local,  Puebla  State  and  Mexican  economies, 
should  the future work and permitting  support development  of a mining  operation. Highlights  include: 

•  Direct  employment  of  more  than  400  people  during  the construction phase and 430 people during the 

subsequent approximately  12 year operating phase; 

•  Gross  investment  of  approximately  $80  million  in  capital  equipment  and  equipment  manufacturing 

during  the construction phase; and, 

•  Approximately  $483  million  in  direct  taxes  to all levels of government, including payments to the local 
Municipality  ($60  million),  Puebla  State  ($109  million)  and  Federal  ($314  million)  governments  over 
the  approximately  12  year  operating  life  of  the  project,  but  excluding  payroll  taxes,  sales  taxes  and 
income taxes paid by employees. 

Metallurgical  Gold  and Silver  Test Work 
Almaden  has  previously  reported  preliminary  metallurgical  test  results  (for  details  consult  Almaden’s  news 
release of January 31, 2013 and the 2013 Tuligtic Project NI 43-101 Technical Report filed on SEDAR).  These 
first  test  results  showed  that  standard  gravity  and  flotation  techniques  could  result  in  non-optimised  gold  and 
silver  recoveries  that  are  roughly  equivalent  for  each  geological  domain.    This  preliminary test work indicates 
that  leaching  the  combined  gravity/flotation  concentrate  can  produce  a  gold  and  silver  doré  on  site.    All 
geologic  domains  were tested using whole core composites selected to represent a range of grades. 

Subsequent  to  the  publication  of  the  preliminary  results  in  2013,  additional  metallurgical  work,  on  the  original 
and  new  whole  core  composites,  focused  on  optimizing  gravity  and  rougher  flotation  results  over  a  broader 
range  of  head  grades.    This  work  indicates  overall  Au and Ag recoveries from a combination of flotation and 
gravity concentration and intensive leaching of this combined concentrate to average 90% for Au and Ag across 
all  geologic  domains.    Further  PFS-level  metallurgical  test  work  focussing  on  process optimization is currently 
underway  on  variability  samples collected from fresh drill core.  This program will focus on the optimisation of 
the  gravity/bulk  flotation/concentrate  and  intensive  leaching  process.    Offsite  refining  of  the  concentrate  will 
also be evaluated. 

Next Engineering and Development Steps 
The  Company  has  initiated  work  towards  a  Pre-Feasibility  Study.    Apart  from  further  metallurgical  studies 
(underway),  the  work  initiated  includes  geo-mechanical  (field  work  completed)  and  geotechnical  (underway) 
drilling,  static  geochemical  test  work  (underway)  to  characterise  rock  chemistry  and  long  lead  time 
environmental  and  water  monitoring.    Other  work  underway  currently  includes  environmental  baseline 
monitoring  such  as  flora  and  fauna  studies,  climate  monitoring,  water  quality  sampling  and  surface  water 
hydrology  monitoring.  A NI 43-101 technical report for the Ixtaca Deposit PEA Update was filed on SEDAR 
(www.sedar.com) and Edgar (www.sec.gov) on October 17, 2014. 

39 

 
 
 
Qualified  Persons, Quality Control  and Assurance 
The following  companies have undertaken work in preparation of the PEA update: 

•  APEX Geoscience Ltd. (Exploration  and Drill  data QA/QC) 
•  Giroux  Consultants  Ltd. (Mineral Resource Estimation) 
•  Moose  Mountain  Technical  Services  (Overall  Report Preparation, Mine Plan and Mineral Processing, 

Infrastructure and Financial Model) 

•  Knight  Piésold Engineering  Ltd. (Geotechnical,  Environmental,  Rock and Tailings  Management) 

The  independent  qualified  persons  responsible  for preparing the Ixtaca Preliminary Economic Assessment are; 
Jesse Aarsen, P.Eng. and Tracey Meintjes, P.Eng. of MMTS, Ken Embree, P.Eng. of KP, Kris Raffle, P.Geo. of 
APEX  Geoscience  Ltd.,  and  Gary  Giroux,  M.A.Sc.,  P.Eng.  of  Giroux  Consultants  Ltd.,  all  of  whom  act  as 
independent  consultants  to  the Company, are Qualified Persons as defined by National Instrument 43-101 ("NI 
43-101"). 

QA/QC 
The  analyses  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  mineral  resource  statement  were  carried  out  at  ALS  Chemex 
Laboratories  of  North  Vancouver  using  industry  standard  analytical  techniques.    For  gold,  samples  are  first 
analysed by fire assay and atomic absorption spectroscopy (“AAS”).  Samples that return values greater than 10 
g/t  gold  using  this  technique  are  then  re-analysed  by  fire  assay  but  with  a  gravimetric  finish.    Silver  is  first 
analysed by four acid digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma  - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (“ICP-AES”) 
finish.  Samples  that  return  values  greater than 100 g/t silver by ICP-AES are then re analysed by HF-HNO3-
HCLO4 digestion with HCL leach and ICP-AES finish.  Of these samples those that return silver values greater 
than  1,500  g/t are further analysed by fire assay with a gravimetric finish. Blanks, field duplicates and certified 
standards  were  inserted  into  the  sample  stream  as  part  of  Almaden’s  quality  assurance  and  control  program 
which  complies  with  National  Instrument  43-101  requirements.    In  addition  to  the  in-house  QAQC  measures 
employed  by  Almaden,  Kris  Raffle,  P.Geo.,  of  APEX  Geoscience  Ltd.,  completed  an  independent  review  of 
Almaden’s  drill  hole  and  QAQC  databases.    The  review  included  an audit of approximately 10% of drill core 
analyses  used  in  the  mineral  resource  estimate.    A  total  of  10,885  database  gold  and  silver  analyses  were 
verified  against  original  analytical  certificates.  Similarly,  10%  of  the  original  drill  collar  coordinates  and  down 
hole  orientation  survey  files  were  checked  against  those  recorded  in  the  database;  and  select  drill  sites  were 
verified  in  the  field  by  Kris  Raffle,  P.Geo.  The  QAQC  audit  included  independent  review  of  blank,  field 
duplicate  and  certified  standard  analyses.    All  QAQC  values  falling  outside  the  limits  of  expected  variability 
were  flagged  and  followed  through  to  ensure  completion  of  appropriate  reanalyses.    No  discrepancies  were 
noted  within  the  drill  hole  database,  and  all  QAQC  failures  were  dealt  with  and  handled  with  appropriate 
reanalyses. The mineral resource estimate referenced in this press release was prepared by Gary Giroux, P.Eng., 
an  independent  Qualified  Person  as  defined  by  NI  43-101.    All  drill  sections  and  related  assay data from the 
2013 drilling  program used in the resource estimate have been posted to the Company’s website. 

Exploration  Opportunities 
The  Ixtaca  deposit  is  one  of  several  exploration  targets  on  the  wholly  owned  Tuligtic  property.  The  14,000 
hectare  Tuligtic  claim  covers  an  area  of  high  level  epithermal  clay  alteration.    The  project  area  is  partially 
covered  by  volcanic  ash  deposits  which  mask  underlying  alteration,  potential  vein  zones  and  associated  soil 
responses.    In  areas  devoid  of  this  covering  ash,  soil  sampling  has  defined  several  distinct  zones  of  elevated 
gold and silver values and trace elements typically associated with epithermal vein systems.  The Ixtaca zone is 
one of the largest areas of gold/silver soil response but it is also one of the areas with the least ash cover on the 
project.    Management  believes  that  the  other  altered  and  geochemically  anomalous  areas  could  represent 
additional  zones of underlying  quartz-carbonate epithermal veining  like  the Ixtaca zone. 

The potential quantity and grade of these exploration targets is conceptual in nature.  There has been insufficient 
exploration  and/or  study  to  define these exploration targets as a Mineral Resource.  It is uncertain if additional 
exploration  will  result  in  these  exploration  targets  being  delineated  as  a  Mineral  Resource.    The  potential 
quantity  and grade of these exploration targets has not been used in the PEA update. 

40 

 
 
 
Upcoming / Outlook 

The Company plans to continue the on-going development activities at the 100% owned Tuligtic project and the 
Ixtaca  gold-silver  deposit.    Work  currently  underway  includes  advanced  engineering  and  environmental 
baseline  studies  to  meet  the  requirements  of  a  Pre-Feasibility  Study  (“PFS”)  and  the  submittal  of  an 
environmental  permit  application  and  risk  assessment  to  the  Mexican  regulatory  agency  responsible  for  mine 
permitting.   To date Almaden has completed or initiated  the following  studies:   

•  Hydrologic  studies including  the drilling  of water wells and installation  of hydrologic  equipment  for 

baseline monitoring  of subsurface water flow and quality  on the project site; 

•  Surface water quality  and flow measurements; 
•  Geochemical characterization of rock materials; 
•  Condemnation  drilling  of areas where mine infrastructure is planned;  
•  Geotechnical drilling  to confirm foundation,  footing  and subsurface material quality;   
•  Geomechanical drilling  to confirm  rock strength, hardness and pit slope parameters; 
•  PFS level  metallurgical  testwork; 
•  Flora and fauna studies; 
• 

Installation  of a weather station. 

All  field  work  and  testing  programs  are  anticipated  to  be  completed  by  middle  of  2015,  allowing  for  the 
completion  of a PFS and submittal of environmental  permits in late 2015. 

The El Cobre Prospect - Mexico 

 Location and Access 
The  El  Cobre  property  is  located  in  the  state  of  Veracruz  roughly  75  kilometers  northwest  of  the  City  of 
Veracruz.  The  property  is  accessible  by  road  along the Pan American Highway (Federal Highway 180) north 
from  Veracruz. Various roads provide access to the  center of the claim block. Logistically, it is extremely well 
situated  with  the  Pan-American  Highway  located 3 kilometers to the east of the property and ready access to 
power (the Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant is located 15 kilometers north). 

The topography on the property is rugged with elevations ranging from 10 m to 400 m.  Trees and scrub growth 
cover  much  of  the  hillsides,  however,  various  trails  and  dirt  roads  provide  good  access  to  many  parts  of  the 
property. 

A warehouse and core facility has been established in the town of Tinajitas providing a base with good access to 
all parts of the property. 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
42 

 
Claims and Title 
Almaden  Minerals  Ltd.,  through  its  wholly  owned  Mexican  subsidiary  Minera  Gavilan  S.A.  de  C.V.,  owns  a 
100%  interest  in  the  El  Cobre  project  subject  to  a  0.5%  NSR payable to a third party, 50% of which may be 
purchased  for  $US3.0  MM.  The  below  table  shows  the  title  numbers  and  expiry  dates  for  the  list  of current 
titled  claims. 

Claim Name
CABALLO BLANCO III
CABALLO BLANCO V
CABALLO BLANCO VIII
(GPO) REYNA NEGRA  FRACCIÓN 2
RED. REYNA NEGRA  FRACCIÓN 4
C. B. X-b
C. B. X-a

Title Number
218457
218955
223360
221152
224416
237405
237440

File Number
5/1/0667
5/1/0674
108/72
5/1/716
05/02/2023
108/120
108/119

Area in Hectares
1145.00
450.00
965.81
65.97
25.15
2653.56
1721.00

Expiry Date
04/11/2052
27/01/2053
02/12/2054
02/12/2053
02/12/2053
08/12/2060
15/12/2060  

Geological Setting of the El Cobre Project 
Central  Mexico  is  dominated  by  an  east-west  belt  of  Miocene  to  sub-recent  calc-alkaline  andesitic  to  dacitic 
volcanic rocks and active volcanoes known as the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). At the eastern end of 
the  TMVB,  where  the  El  Cobre  Property  is  located,  Quaternary  basalts  that  are  associated  with the Eastern 
Alkalic  Province  cover  Oligocene  andesitic  to  basaltic  volcanic  rocks  of  the  TMVB.  The  property  itself  is 
largely  underlain  by  a  sequence  of  andesitic  to  dacitic  lithic  tuffs,  crystal  tuffs  and  volcanic  breccias.  These 
volcanic  centers  are  bound  by  and  possibly  in  fault  contact  with  basalt  flows  and related clastic rocks. Large 
arcuate  faults  are  present  and  are  interpreted  to represent normal faults associated with caldera development. 
Fine-grained,  magnetic  monzonite  and  diorite  intrusions  and  dykes  have  been  identified  in  several locations on 
the  property  and  these  are  interpreted  to  be  the  causative  intrusions  for  the  porphyry  style  mineralization 
identified  on the project. 

History of Past Work 
To the Company’s knowledge, except for some prospecting and geological reconnaissance work  mostly on and 
around  the  Caballo Blanco III concession,  no modern exploration was carried out on the  El Cobre  project area 
prior to Almaden’s acquisition  of the property.  

Early  in  1997,  Almaden  Minerals  Ltd.,  through  its  wholly  owned  subsidiary  Minera  Gavilan  S.A.  de  C.V., 
signed  an  agreement  whereby Almaden had the option to acquire a 100% interest in the claims subject only to 
the royalty mentioned  above.  This option  has been exercised. 

From  1995  to  1998,  Almaden  Minerals  Ltd  completed  exploration  work  mainly  concentrated  on porphyry Cu-
Au and Au-Ag vein targets in the El Cobre area. Surface work included extensive grid based soil sampling and 
ground  induced  polarization  (IP) and magnetics geophysics. This work also included 17 RC drill holes  designed 
to  test  soil  geochemical  and  IP  geophysical  anomalies  spatially  associated  with  mineralized  float  and  outcrop. 
The  17-hole  reverse  circulation  drill  program  totaled  2,390  meters  and  was  completed  in  the  spring  of  1998. 
Several zones of gold and silver mineralized quartz-barite veins were intersected including the zone in hole CB-
4 which cut 40 meters of 1.4g/t gold and 9.0 g/t silver. Shallow drill holes into an intrusive returned 107 meters 
of  0.25g/t  gold  and  0.18%  copper  in  one  hole  and  40  meters  averaging  0.39g/t  gold  and  0.15%  copper  in 
another. Drill testing of a third zone with two holes returned 20 meters of 0.45g/t gold and 0.11% copper and 15 
meters of 0.23g/t gold and 0.16% copper. Based on this work, it was interpreted that these holes tested the top 
of a porphyry system. 

In  2001,  Noranda  optioned  the  Caballo  Blanco  property  from  Almaden  and  drilled  7  very  widely  spaced 
diamond  drill  holes  totaling  1,641  meters.  No  significant  copper  mineralization  was  intersected  and  despite 
significant  alteration  and  anomalous  gold  mineralization  in  several  holes,  Noranda  terminated  its  option  in  the 
fall of 2002. 

In  2002  the  project  was  optioned  to  Comaplex  Minerals  Corp.  under  terms  whereby  Comaplex  could  earn  a 
60%  interest  in  the  project  which  Comaplex  exercised  in  2006.  In  2004  Comaplex  drilled  two  diamond  drill 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
holes  on  the  El  Cobre  project  for  a  total  of  515.8  meters.  This  drilling  confirmed  the  presence  of  significant 
porphyry  style  copper–gold  mineralization.  DDH  04CB1  drilled in an area that had shown significant results in 
the past returned  290 meters that averaged 0.39 g/t gold and 0.16% copper.  The drill hole is associated with a 
prominent  magnetic  feature  and  a  large  gold  soil  anomaly.  In  2007  Almaden  purchased  Comaplex  Mineral’s 
60% interest in the project in its entirety for a cash payment of US$1.25 Million. 

In  2007  prospecting  conducted  by Almaden resulted in the discovery of a new zone of porphyry mineralization 
named Pedrero in the north part of the project. 

Also  in  2007  Almaden  optioned  the  project  to  Canadian  Gold  Hunter  Corp.  under  terms  whereby  Canadian 
Gold  Hunter  could  earn  a  70%  interest in the project from Almaden. In 2008 Canadian Gold Hunter drilled 10 
diamond  drill  holes  on  the  project for a total of 2,837.14 meters. At Pedrero drilling confirmed the presence of 
porphyry  mineralization.  The  final  41.15  meters  of  08CBCN-019  graded  0.272%  copper  and  0.415  g/t  gold 
before  the  hole  was  lost  in a fault. Significant sections with strong quartz stockwork were encountered in hole 
09CBCN-042 and the final 137 meters returned 0.105% copper and 0.100 g/t gold. 

In  2010  NGEX  Resources  Inc.  (successor  to  Canadian  Gold  Hunter  Corp.)  sold  its  option  to  acquire  a  70% 
interest  in  the  project  to  Goldgroup  Mining  at  which  point  a  60  (Almaden)  /  40  (Goldgroup  Mining)  joint 
venture  was  initiated.  In  2011  Almaden  acquired a 100% interest in the project as part of the consideration of 
the sale of Almaden’s interest in the adjacent Caballo Blanco project to Goldgroup  Mining. 

From  late  November  2011  to  January  2012,  a  TITAN  24  deep  induced  polarization  surface  geophysical 
program was conducted on the property. 

In  2013,  the  Company  drilled  two  holes  on  the  property.    This  drilling  was  conducted on only one of the four 
porphyry targets identified on the project.  Results from these holes are considered by management to continue 
to  show  the  potential  of  the  property  to  host  an  economic  copper-porphyry  deposit.    Results are detailed in a 
news release dated May 6, 2013.   However, due to  depressed market conditions and a steep decline in precious 
metals prices, the Company  reduced the level of planned  drilling at El Cobre to focus its resources on the Ixtaca 
zone of its Tuligtic  project. 

Present Condition of Project and 2014 Exploration Program 
The  property  is  without  known  reserves  and  the  2014  exploration  program  was  minimal  and  exploratory  in 
nature.  A small exploration  drill  program has been planned for 2015 and permitting  is currently underway. 

Under the Company’s proposed spin-out plan, Almaden’s interest in the El Cobre property would be transferred 
to  the  newly  incorporated  company  “Spinco”.    If  the  plan  is  completed  as  proposed  and  is  approved  by  the 
Company’s  shareholders at the Annual General Meeting scheduled for June 2015, Spinco would be responsible 
for any future exploration  on the property. 

NON-PRINCIPAL PROPERTY INTERESTS 

The  Company  has  assembled a portfolio of mineral  property interests, including the principal properties Tuligtic 
and El Cobre, through its ongoing grass roots exploration efforts.  The non-principal interests are either at early 
stages of exploration  or represent trailing interests in assets that are more advanced, such as the NSR royalties 
on the Caballo Blanco and Elk projects. The interests at an early stage of exploration represent opportunities for 
the  discovery  of  gold,  silver  and  copper  deposits.    Almaden’s  business  model  is  to  find  and  acquire  mineral 
properties  and  develop  them  independently,  or  through  partnerships  with  third  party  exploration  and 
development  companies and retaining  a carried interest. 

Tuligtic  is  considered a principal project because the work completed has resulted in a National Instrument 43-
101  compliant  resource  estimate.    The  El  Cobre  project  is  also  considered  a  principal  property  because  past 
drilling  has  confirmed  the  presence  of  significant  mineralization  that  is  widespread  and  demonstrates  a 
reasonable  chance  of  discovering  a  copper-gold porphyry deposit.  As yet,  no resources have been defined on 
the  El  Cobre  project.    Non  principal  projects  have  not  yet  had  drilling  results  that  indicate  the  presence  of 
significant  mineralization,  or  represent  carried  interests  in  more  advanced  projects.    Nevertheless  the  non-
principle  interests  are  deemed  worthy  of  preliminary  exploration  and  drilling.    Below  is  a  list  of  non-principal 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
properties  and  their  current  status  with  respect  to  agreements  with  others.    While  most  of  the  work  in  2014 
focused  on  the  Tuligtic  property,  Almaden  hopes  to  advance  several  non-principal  projects  in  2015  through 
preliminary  exploration  programs  as  staff  and  budget  constraints  permit.    The  Company  may  also form  new 
agreements to explore these projects and, if negative exploration  results are received, drop projects on this list. 

Non-Principal Interests 
Property Interests: 
Merit 
Munro Lake 
Nicoamen River 
Ponderosa 
ATW 
Logan 
Skoonka Creek 
Monte Cristo 
Paradise Valley 
Veta 
Willow 
Caldera 
El Chato 
El Encuentro 
Lajas 
San Carlos 
Nueva Espana 
Cenzontle 
Chilcuautla 
Cuautepec 
Viky 

Royalty Interests: 
Cabin Lake 
Caribou Creek 
Meister River 
Elk 
MOR 
Goz Creek 
Tim 
Prospector Mountain 
Ram 
Prospect Valley 
BP 
BlackJack Springs 
Caballo Blanco 
La Bufa 
El Pulpo 
Mezquites 
Llano Grande 
Yago 
Erika 
El Fuego 
Cerro Colorado (El Chamizo) 
San Pedro 
Tropico 

Location 

Interest 

Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
USA 
USA 
USA 
USA 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 

Location 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
Canada 
USA 
USA 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 

100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 
Joint Venture, 66.2% interest 
Joint Venture, 40% interest 
Joint Venture, 34.14% interest 
100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 
100% owned 

Interest 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
1.5% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
2% NSR Royalty 
0.8% NSR Royalty 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Under the Company’s proposed spin-out  plan,  Almaden’s interest in  non-principal  properties, along with El 
Cobre and a 2% NSR royalty  on Tuligtic,  would  be transferred to the newly incorporated company “Spinco”.  If 
the plan is completed as proposed and is approved by the Company’s shareholders at the 2015 Annual General 
Meeting, Spinco  would  be responsible  for any future exploration  programs on the properties. 

Item 5.  Operating and Financial Review and Prospects 

Operating Results 
The  following  discussion  and  analysis  of  the  results  of  operations  and the Company’s financial position should 
be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  related  notes  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 appearing under Item 18 – Financial Statements and listed under Item 19 – 
Exhibits. 

The  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  are  stated  in  Canadian  Dollars  and  have  been  prepared  in 
accordance  and  compliance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  issued  by  the  International 
Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”).  

The Company is in the business of acquiring and exploring mineral properties and prospects in Canada, the U.S. 
and  Mexico  with  the  aim  of  developing  them  to  a  stage  where they can be exploited at a profit or to arrange 
joint  ventures  whereby  other  companies  provide,  in  whole or in part, funding for development and exploitation. 
At that stage, the Company’s operations would, to some extent, be dependent on the world market prices of any 
minerals  mined.  The  Company  does  not  have  producing  properties  and  operations  on  its  properties  and 
prospects are exploratory searches for mineable deposits. 

Fiscal 2014 compared to Fiscal 2013 
For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014  (“Fiscal  2014”),  the  Company  recorded  a  net  loss  of  $14,982,667 or 
$0.23 per share compared to a net loss of $6,356,609 or $0.10 per share for the year ended December 31, 2013 
(“Fiscal 2013”).  The increase in net loss was primarily a result of an impairment charged against its investment 
in  associate  of  $6,637,288,  impairment  of exploration and evaluation assets of $2,199,626, and deferred income 
tax  expense  of  $1,839,482.    This  was offset by a decrease in impairment of marketable securities of $868,840 
and loss on investment in associate of $683,680 compared from fiscal year ended 2014 to 2013. 

The  Company  has  no  revenue  from  mining  operations  as  it  only  conducts  exploration  and development work.  
The  revenue  of  $253,991  during  Fiscal  2014  consisted  of  interest income and other income from office rental, 
and  a  contract  drilling  program  provided  to  third  parties  compared  to  total  revenue  of  $220,432  during  Fiscal 
2013  consisting  of  interest  income  and  other  income  from  office  rental,  and  a  royalty  payment  from  Gold 
Mountain  from the Elk property. 

During  Fiscal  2014, there was a gain on exploration and evaluation assets of $55,111 as a result of a reduction 
of  the  December  2013  accrual  to  reverse  previous  years’  exploration  costs  from  a Canada Revenue Agency 
review  of  Almaden’s  2010  and  2011  British  Columbia  Mining  Exploration  Tax  Credit  (“BCMETC”)  from 
various grassroots projects in B.C.  During Fiscal 2013, there was a loss on exploration and evaluation assets of 
$716,006  as  a  result  of  selling  nine  properties  resulting  in  a  total  loss  of  $102,942,  the  Company  paying 
$469,045  in  the  form  of  cash and shares as part of the consideration payable to obtain a reduction in a royalty 
with  respect  to  the  Caballo  Blanco  property  from  a  2011  royalty  agreement  that  was  subsequently  amended 
pursuant  to  an  Amended  Royalty  Agreement,  and  a  reversal of an accrual from a previous years’ exploration 
costs that resulted in a loss on exploration  and evaluation  assets of $144,019. 

General  and  administrative  expenses  were $2,489,108 for Fiscal 2014 (Fiscal 2013  - $2,154,278).  The primary 
increase  in  general  and  administrative  expenses  resulted  from  higher professional  fees paid for  capital market 
advisory  services and different levels of investor relations activities.  Directors fees totalling $48,000 were paid 
during  Fiscal 2014 compared to $48,000  during  Fiscal 2013. 

General  exploration  expenses  of  $592,105  were  incurred in Fiscal 2014 compared to  $707,542 for Fiscal 2013.  
These  expenditures  vary  according  to  management  decisions  on  work  to be done on any property.  Given the 
current  market  conditions  less  exploration  work  was  completed  to conserve capital and allow the Company to 
focus on the Tuligtic  project. 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Significant  non-cash  items  in  Fiscal  2014  compared  to  Fiscal  2013  included  impairment  of  investment  in 
associate,  impairment  of  exploration  and  evaluation  assets,  deferred  income  tax  expense,  impairment  of 
marketable  securities,  share  based  payments  and  loss  on  investment  in  associate.    During  Fiscal  2014,  an 
impairment  of  investment  in  associate  of  $6,637,288  was  recognized  (Fiscal  2013  -  $Nil).    Previously,  the 
Company  valued  its  investment  in  Gold  Mountain  utilizing  the  value-in-use  methodology,  but  in  2014  it  was 
determined  that  the  decline in value in Gold Mountain’s shares was considered to be significant and prolonged, 
as  a  result,  the  Company  wrote-down  its  investment  to  fair  value.    Impairment  of  exploration  and  evaluation 
assets  of  $2,570,664  (Fiscal  2013 - $371,038) fluctuates period to period based on management’s evaluation of 
the carrying value of each exploration and evaluation asset held at that time.  The deferred income tax expense 
of  $1,839,482  (Fiscal  2013  -  $Nil)  relates  to  the  Mexican  income  tax  and  Special  Mining  Duty  (“SMD”) 
associated with the Ixtaca project.  Impairment of marketable securities of $405,903 in Fiscal 2014 (Fiscal 2013 
-  $1,274,743)  relate  to  significant  or  prolonged  losses  of  equity  securities  held  by  the  Company based  on  the 
market value of shares at December 31, 2014.  Share based payments of $565,800 in Fiscal 2014 (Fiscal 2013 - 
$381,950)  are recognized on the grant of stock  options in any period.  During Fiscal 2014 loss on investment in 
associate  of $135,209 (Fiscal 2013  - $818,889) was the recognition of the equity losses in Gold Mountain.  The 
equity pick  up can vary period to period  based on the performance of Gold Mountain. 

Fiscal 2013 compared to Fiscal 2012 
For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2013  (“Fiscal  2013”),  the  Company  recorded  a  net  loss  of  $6,356,609  or 
$0.10 per share compared to a net loss of $10,238,377 or $0.17 per share for the year ended December 31, 2012 
(“Fiscal 2012”).  The decrease of $3,881,768 in net loss was primarily the result of a decrease in impairment of 
marketable  securities  of  $2,582,076,  share-based  payments  of  $1,334,300  and  impairment  of  exploration  and 
evaluation assets of $897,818 offset by an increase in loss on exploration and evaluation assets of $763,506 and 
investment in associate of $905,852. 

The  Company  has  no  revenue  from  mining  operations  as  it  only  conducts  exploration  and development work.  
The  revenue  of  $220,432  during  Fiscal  2013  consisted  of  interest income and other income from office rental, 
and  a  royalty  payment  from  Gold  Mountain  from  the  Elk  property  compared  to  total  revenue  of  $299,167 
during  Fiscal  2012  consisting  of  interest  income  and  other  income  from  office  rental  and  contract  exploration 
services provided to third  parties. 

During Fiscal 2013, there was a loss on exploration and evaluation assets of $716,006 as a result of selling nine 
properties resulting in a total loss of $102,942, of the Company paying $469,045 in the form of cash and shares 
as  part  of  the  consideration  payable  to  obtain  a  reduction  in  a  royalty  with  respect  to  a  property  interest  in 
Caballo  Blanco  property,  the  result of a 2011 royalty agreement that has been subsequently amended pursuant 
to  an  Amended  Royalty  Agreement,  and  an  accrued  reversal  from  a  previous  years’  recovery  of exploration 
costs  that resulted in a loss on exploration and evaluation assets of $144,019.  The accrual relates to a Canada 
Revenue  Agency  review  of  Almaden’s  2010  and  2011  British  Columbia  Mining  Exploration  Tax  Credit 
(“BCMETC”)  from  various  grassroots  mineral  projects  in  B.C.    During  Fiscal  2012  there  was  income  on 
exploration and evaluation assets as a result of the sale of one property and the recovery of exploration costs of 
$47,500. 

General  and  administrative  expenses  were $2,154,278 for Fiscal 2013 (Fiscal 2012  - $2,330,965).  The primary 
decrease  in  general  and  administrative  expenses  resulted  from  lower  professional  fees  from  accounting  and 
consulting  fees and  lower travel and promotion costs.  Director’s fees totalling $48,000 were paid during Fiscal 
2013 compared to $39,000  during  Fiscal 2012. 

General  exploration  expenses  of  $707,542  were  incurred in Fiscal 2013 compared to $969,470 for Fiscal 2012.  
These  expenditures  vary  according  to  management  decisions  on  work  to be done on any property.  Given the 
current  market  conditions  less  exploration  work  was  completed  to conserve capital and allow the Company to 
focus on the Tuligtic  project. 

Significant  non-cash  items  in  Fiscal  2013  compared  to  Fiscal  2012  included  investment  in  associate, 
impairment  of  marketable  securities,  impairment  of  exploration  and  evaluation  assets,  loss  on  exploration  and 
evaluation assets, share-based payments and fair-value of contingent share receivable.  During Fiscal 2013, the 
loss on investment in associate of $818,889 (Fiscal 2012  – income of $86,963) was the recognition of the equity 
loss/income in Gold Mountain. .  The gain or loss on investment in associate can vary period to period based on 
the  stock  price  performance  of  Gold  Mountain.    Impairment  of  marketable  securities  of  $1,274,743  in  Fiscal 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2013  (Fiscal  2012  -  $3,856,819)  relates  to  significant  or  prolonged  losses  of  equity  securities  held  by  the 
Company.    Impairment  of  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  of  $371,038  in  Fiscal  2013  (Fiscal  2012  - 
$1,268,856)  fluctuate  period  to  period  based  on  management’s  evaluation  of  the  carrying  value  of  each 
exploration  and  evaluation  asset  held  at  that  time.    The loss on exploration and evaluation assets during Fiscal 
2013 of $716,006 (Fiscal 2012  – income of $47,500) relates to the loss on the sales of nine properties, obtaining 
a  reduction  in  a  royalty  and  the  accrual  of  a  reversal  from  a  previous  years’  recovery  of  exploration  costs.  
Share-based  payments  of  $381,950  in  Fiscal  2013  (Fiscal  2012  -  $1,716,250)  are  recognized  on  the  grant  of 
stock options in any period. The fair-value of contingent share receivable of $44,700 decreased compared to the 
same period in 2012 ($238,200) due to  the decline in the fair value of the common shares of Gold Mountain and 
Goldgroup. 

Liquidity and Capital Resources 

As at December 31, 2014, the Company’s working capital position was $9,171,791.  Management estimates that 
the  current  cash  position  and  expected  future  cash  flows  from  the  exercise  of  outstanding  stock  options  and 
warrants  and  equity  financing  will  be  sufficient  for  the  Company  to  carry  out  its  anticipated  exploration  and 
operating  plans  for  fiscal  2015  that  includes  further  development  of  the  Ixtaca  property.  Under the proposed 
corporate  reorganization,  the  Company  will  spin-out  the  majority  of  its  assets  and  a  portion  of  its  working 
capital  to  a  newly  incorporated  company  (“Spinco”).    The  reorganized  Almaden  will  retain  the  Ixtaca 
gold/silver  project  and  a  majority  of  the  working  capital  which  will  be  used  to  continue  exploration  on  the 
Ixtaca  project,  including  the work required for a Pre-Feasibility Study.   The spin-out is conditional upon certain 
conditions,  including  the  approval  of  66  2/3%  of the Company’s shareholders  present in person or represented 
by proxy  at the next Annual General Meeting of the Company expected to be held in June 2015 and approval by 
the Supreme Court of British Columbia.  There is no guarantee the spin-out will be completed as proposed, if at 
all. 

Fiscal 2014  

At  the  end  of  Fiscal  2014,  the  Company  had  a  working  capital  of  $9,171,791  including  cash  and  cash 
equivalents  of  $8,172,598  compared  to  working  capital  of  $12,676,166  including  cash  and  cash  equivalents  of 
$11,994,773  at  the  end  of  Fiscal  2013.    The  decline  in  working  capital  of  $3,504,375  is  mainly  due  to 
capitalized  exploration  expenses  incurred  in  Ixtaca  of  $  6,293,904.  During Fiscal 2014, the Company closed a 
non-brokered  private  placement  for  gross  proceeds  of  $6,000,000  to  continue  the  Ixtaca  exploration  and 
development  program.  

In  addition,  the  market  value  of  the  Company’s  inventory  of  gold  bullion  (1.597  ounces)  at  the  end  of  Fiscal 
2014 was $2,200,086  or $1,925,318  above book value as presented in the financial statements.   

Management believes that the Company’s cash resources are sufficient to meet its working capital and mineral 
exploration  requirements  for  its  next  fiscal  year.    Management  has  a  proven  track  record  to  be  able  to raise 
money even in a very challenging  financial  marketplace as evident in the private placement during  2014. 

Cash  used  in  operations  during  Fiscal  2014  was  $3,088,700 (Fiscal  2013  - $1,628,440) after adjusting for non-
cash activities. 

Cash  used  in  investing  activities  during  Fiscal  2014  was  $6,614,225  (Fiscal  2013  -  $8,199,490).    Significant 
items  include  expenditures  on  mineral  property  interests  of  $6,768,273  (Fiscal  2013  -  $8,253,489)  primarily  on 
land  acquisition  of  $1,137,914  (Fiscal  2013  -  $1,001,706)  and  drilling  costs  on  the  Tuligtic  property  of 
$5,155,990  (Fiscal 2013  - $6,800,208).   

During Fiscal 2014, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement by the issuance of 4,000,000 units at 
a  price  of  $1.50  per  unit  for  gross proceeds to the Company of $6,000,000 less share issue costs of $256,111.  
Each  unit  consisted  of  one  common  share  and  one-half  of  one  non-transferrable  common  share  purchase 
warrant.  Each whole warrant allows the holder to purchase one common share at a price of $2.00 per common 
share  until  August 1, 2015.  A finder’s fee of $107,400 in cash and finder’s warrants to purchase up to 48,000 
common  shares  at  a  price  of  $1.50  per  common  share  until  August  1,  2015  was  paid  on  a  portion  of  the 
placement.    The  fair  value  of  the  finder’s  warrants  of  $15,361  was  estimated  using  the Black-Scholes option 
pricing  model  with the following assumptions: Risk-free interest rate – 1.0%; Expected life  – 1 year; Expected 
volatility – 49.30%; and Expected dividend yield  – 0%.  In connection with the private placement, the Company 
also  incurred  $133,350  in share issue costs.  The Company also received $121,500 (Fiscal 2013  - $223,550) on 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the exercise of 150,000 (Fiscal 2013 – 220,000) stock options  during  2014. 

Management  estimates  that  the  current  cash  position  and  expected  future  cash  flows  from  stock  options and 
warrants  and the participation of equity financing will be sufficient for the Company to carry out its anticipated 
exploration  and  operating  plans  for  the  foreseeable  future.    There  may  be  circumstances  where,  for  sound 
business  reasons,  a  reallocation  of  funds  may  be  necessary  in  order  for  the  Company  to  achieve  its  stated 
business objectives. 

Fiscal 2013 

At  the  end  of  Fiscal  2013,  the  Company  had  working  capital  of  $12,676,166  including  cash  and  cash 
equivalents  of  $11,994,773  compared  to  working  capital  of  $19,474,784  including cash and cash equivalents of 
$16,487,408  at  the  end of Fiscal 2012. The decline in working capital of $6,798,618 is mainly due to capitalized 
exploration expenses incurred at Ixtaca of $7,801,914.  During Fiscal 2013, the Company closed a non-brokered 
private  placement  for  gross  proceeds  of  $5,470,000  to  continue  the  Ixtaca  exploration  and  development 
program. 

In  addition,  the  market  value  of  the  Company’s  inventory  of  gold  bullion  (1,597  ounces)  at  the  end  of  Fiscal 
2013  was  $2,005,251  or  $1,730,483  above  book  value  as presented in the financial statements.  The Company 
has no long-term debt. 

Management believes that the Company’s cash resources are sufficient to meet its working capital and mineral 
exploration  requirements  for  its  next  fiscal  year.    Management  has  a  proven  track  record  to  be  able  to raise 
money even in a very challenging  financial  marketplace as evident in the private placement during  2013. 

Cash  used  in  operations  during  Fiscal  2013  was  $1,628,440  (Fiscal  2012  - $2,723,237) after adjusting for non-
cash activities. 

Cash  used  in  investing  activities  during  Fiscal  2013  was  $8,199,490  (Fiscal  2012  -  $3,233,514).    Significant 
items  include  expenditures  on  mineral  property  interests  of  $8,253,489  (Fiscal  2012  -  $7,407,896)  primarily  on 
land  acquisition  of  $1,001,706  (Fiscal  2012  -  $Nil)  and  drilling  costs  on  the  Tuligtic  property  of  $6,800,208 
(Fiscal 2012  - $6,318,731). 

During  Fiscal  2013,  the Company received gross proceeds of  $5,470,000 on closing a private placement by the 
issuance of 4,376,000 units at a price of $1.25 per unit.  Each unit consists of one common share and one non-
transferable common share purchase warrant.  Each warrant allows the holder to purchase one common share at 
a price of $1.50 per common share until January 17, 2015 and, thereafter, at a price of $1.80 per common share 
until  July  17,  2016.    A  finder’s  fee  of  $232,500  in  cash  and  finder’s  warrants  to  purchase  up  to  186,000 
common  shares  at  a  price  of  $1.50  per  common  share  until  July  17,  2016  was  paid  on  a  portion  of  the 
placement.  The Company also received $223,550 (Fiscal 2012  - $1,260,000) on the exercise of 220,000 (Fiscal 
2012 – 600,000)  stock options during  Fiscal 2013. 

Fiscal 2012 

At  the  end  of  Fiscal  2012,  the  Company  had  working  capital  of  $19,474,784  including  cash  and  cash 
equivalents  of  $16,487,408  compared  to  working  capital  of  $30,513,403  including cash and cash equivalents of 
$21,184,159  at  the end of Fiscal 2011. In addition, the market value of the Company’s inventory of gold bullion 
(1,597  ounces)  at  December  31,  2012  was  $2,666,437  or  $2,391,669  above  book  value  as  presented  in  the 
financial  statements.   

Cash  used  in  operations  in  Fiscal  2012  was  $2,723,237  (2011  -  $3,568,646)  after  adjusting  for  non-cash 
activities.    Significant  changes  in  non-cash  items  in  the  current  year  are  mainly  due  to  impairment  on 
marketable securities.  Significant changes in non-cash items in the comparable year include income on mineral 
property options  and share-based payments.   

Cash  used  in  investing  activities  in  Fiscal  2012  was  $3,233,514  (2011  – cash from of $1,402,531).  Significant 
items  in  the  current  year  include  expenditures  on  mineral property interests of $7,407,896 (2011 - $6,197,667).  
Significant  items  in  the  comparable  year  also  include  proceeds  from  mineral  properties  of  $5,871,380  and  the 
maturing  of  a  short-term  investment  of  $2,000,000.    In  Fiscal  2012,  significant  investments  made  in  mineral 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
property  interests  included  drilling  on  the  Tuligtic  property  in  Mexico  of  $6,318,731  (Fiscal  2011 - $4,630,431) 
and  the  completion  of  geophysical  surveys  undertaken  and  preparation  for  drilling on the El Cobre property  in 
Mexico  $365,102  (Fiscal  2011  -  $605,448).    Significant  investments  made  in  mineral  property  interests  in  the 
comparable  year  also  included,  exploration  on  the  ATW  project  in  the  Northwest  Territories  of  $326,446 and 
the Willow  project in Nevada of $260,575.   

The  Company  also  received  a total of $1,260,000 (Fiscal 2011  - $4,922,900) on the exercise of  600,000 (Fiscal 
2011  –  2,030,000)  stock  options  during  Fiscal  2012  and  $Nil  (Fiscal  2011  -  $740,658)  on  the  exercise  of 
warrants  during  the  year.    During  Fiscal  2011,  the  Company  received  a total of $7,262,442 net of share issue 
costs  on  closing  a  private placement financing of 100,000 common flow-through shares at a price of $4.00 per 
share, on the exercise of 2,030,000  stock options  and on the exercise of 1,481,499  warrants.   

Research and Development, Patents and Licenses 
The  Company  conducts  no  Research  and  Development  activities,  nor  is  it  dependent  upon  any  patents  or 
licenses. 

Trend information 
During  2014,  prices  of  precious  metals  dropped,  although  they  made  recoveries  from  those  lows  towards  the 
end of the year and into early 2015.  For base metals, lower prices seem to be related to concerns over economic 
conditions in the large developing nations that are building infrastructure and the size of the above ground metal 
inventory  or  stockpiles.    In  addition,  there  remains  uncertainty  as  to  how  long  prices  will  remain  depressed, 
whether  competition  for  resources  will  decrease  or  intensify,  and  how  any  change  might  further  affect metal 
prices.    In  previous  years, significant selling on Comex and redemptions from  gold and silver  funds contributed 
to  the  steep  reduction in metal prices.  These lower prices have resulted in large producers selling non-core or 
high  cost  assets,  suspending  or  shelving  new  mine  construction,  and  initiating  severe  cost  control  measures.  
The  large  write-downs  of  assets  and  recent  acquisitions  by  many  companies  have  been  well  publicized,  and 
have  resulted  in  significant  reductions  to  mineable  reserves  worldwide.  Lower  prices  also  result  in  miners 
selectively  mining  higher  grade  portions  of a deposit, which may effectively sterilize lower grade portions from 
ever being mined even with higher prices at a later date.  Reserves are also declining due to mining operations, 
yet these depleted reserves are not being replaced because of reduced exploration efforts. 

One of the easiest areas to cut costs is by cutting or eliminating exploration and acquisition activity.  Many large 
miners  have  reduced  exploration  to  cut  costs  and  most  junior  exploration  companies  are  having  difficulty 
raising  exploration  capital.    What  capital  is  being  raised  is  through  equity  sales at significantly reduced prices, 
which results in significant dilution to shareholders.  There is also  uncertainty in currency exchange rates due to 
economic  conditions  around  the  world  and  how  these  might  affect  both  costs  and  profits.    Companies  at  the 
feasibility  study  stage  or  raising  capital  for  production  startup  are  finding  that  mining  costs  are  increasing.  
These factors require frequent review of plans and budgets against  a backdrop of fewer quality exploration and 
development  projects along with the long  term shortage of skilled  exploration  personnel. 

Merger and acquisition activity involving large organizations has slowed, at least in part because there are fewer 
large companies  remaining; there are fewer that are vulnerable to takeover.  As mentioned above, write-downs 
on  acquisitions  have  resulted  in  more  caution  by  potential  merger  and  acquisition  candidates  because  of 
difficulties  in  valuations  for  assets  in  relation  to  often  depressed  stock  market  prices.    While  reduced  market 
capitalizations  make  acquisitions  seem  inexpensive  in  relation  to  prior  valuations,  the  lower  share  prices  of 
companies seeking to acquire resources this way means larger dilution  to their shareholders as well. 

The price of both exploration and production companies focused on precious metals have underperformed when 
compared to the price of gold.  This has been attributed to various reasons such as the rise of funds that invest in 
precious  metals  which  are  capturing  much  of  the  investment  interest  in  gold  and  silver.   When the gold price 
dropped  in  2013,  there  was  large  disinvestment  from  such  funds  and  the  prices  of  exploration  companies 
dropped  as  well.    There  is  no  certainty  that  this  will  change.    Many  in  the  investment  and  economic 
communities  dispute  the  likelihood  of inflationary or deflationary conditions and the effect of either on precious 
metal prices.  Any rise in interest rates might lower investment  demand for gold  and silver. 

The  uncertain  times  have  led  to  some  cash  strapped  governments  to  seek  or  threaten  higher  tax  and  royalty 
policies  while  others consider lowering them to attract investment. Globalization of trade and markets has been 
more  important  to  the  mineral  industry  than  many  other  industries,  and  because  of  current  conditions  these 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
concepts  are  under  question  by  many  vested  interest  groups.  At  the  same  time,  environmental  groups  have 
successfully  lobbied  for  more  wilderness  areas  and  parks  where  exploration  and  mining  activities  are 
prohibited.    Native  groups  are actively pursuing land claims and there is a rise of militant national and religious 
groups in many parts of the world.  Pressure from such groups can lead to increased regulation and this must be 
monitored  closely  to  recognize  a  point  where  it  becomes  excessive.    Many  governments  are  pursuing 
regulations  and  taxes  on  emissions  of  so  called  “greenhouse  gases”  that  could raise costs for many industries 
including  metal  mining.    As  more  and  more  stakeholders  become  interested  in  mining  ventures  there  is  an 
increasing  need  to  maintain  cooperation  with  valid  concerned  groups,  particularly  among  the  local  community 
where  the  project  is  located.  Some  of  these  issues  tend  to  restrict  the  areas  where  mineral  exploration  and 
development of new mines can occur.  This should make areas permissive to exploration more attractive and a 
previously  discerned need for new, quality  exploration  projects based on sound geological  work continues.   

The  world  may  be  slow  to  recover  from  current  economic  conditions  and  a  further  deterioration  of  these 
conditions  remains  a  serious  threat.    If  such deterioration occurs, lower economic activity would probably also 
lower the demand for base metals but management believes that precious metals will continue to be in demand 
as a store of value. 

Off-balance Sheet Arrangements 
The  Company  has  no  off-balance  sheet  arrangements  other  than  the  lease  related  to  its  office  premises  as 
disclosed below. 

Contractual Obligations  
The  Company  is  obligated  under  an  operating  lease  for  its  office  premises  with  the  following  aggregate 
minimum  lease  payments  to  the  expiration  of  the  lease  on  January  31,  2016.  The  Company  does  have 
government  requirements  in  work  and/or  taxes to maintain other claims held. The decision to keep or abandon 
such  claims  is  not  contractual  but at the discretion of the Company. All other property option payments on the 
Company’s  projects  have  been  assumed  by  third  parties  who  are  earning  their  interests  in  the  projects.    On 
January  29,  2013,  the  Company  entered  into  contracts  with  its  Chairman  and  President  for  an  annual 
remuneration  of  $240,000  and  $265,000  respectively  effective  January  1,  2013,  for  two  years,  renewable  for 
two additional successive terms of 24 months.  Table No. 4 lists the total contractual obligations as at December 
31, 2013 for each period.  

Table No. 4 
Contractual Obligations of the Company 

Payments due by period 

Operating lease  
Executive contracts 

Total 

$       87,700     
$ 2,020,000 

Less than 
1 year 
 $     81,000 
$   505,000 

1 – 3  
years 
$        6,700 
$ 1,515,000 

3 – 5 
years 

More than 
5 years 

- 

- 
- 

Contractual  obligations  of  the Company in the above table exclude future option payments required to maintain 
the Company’s interest in certain mineral  properties. 

Significant accounting judgments and estimates 

Significant  assumptions  about  the  future  and  other  sources  of  judgments  and  estimates  that  management  has 
made  at  the  statement  of  financial  position  date,  that  could  result  in  a  material  adjustment  to  the  carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities, in the event that actual results differ from assumptions made, relate to, but are 
not limited  to, the following:   

Critical  Judgments 

o  The  assessment  that  the  Company  has  significant  influence  over  the  investment  in  Gold  Mountain 
Mining  Corporation  (“Gold  Mountain”)  (See  Note  7  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements)  which 
results in the use of  the equity accounting method for accounting for this investment.  In making their 
judgment,  management  considered  the  composition  of  the  Board  of  Directors of its equity investment 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
in  Gold  Mountain,  the  common  directors  and  management  between  Gold Mountain and the Company 
and  the  intercompany  transactions  and  relationship  with  Gold  Mountain and concluded that significant 
influence exists. 

o  The  analysis  of  the  functional  currency  for  each  entity  of  the  Company.    In  concluding  that  the 
Canadian  dollar  is  the  functional  currency  of  the  parent  and  its  subsidiary  companies,  management 
considered  the  currency  that  mainly  influences  the  cost  of  providing  goods  and  services  in  each 
jurisdiction  in  which  the  Company  operates.    As  no  single  currency  was  clearly  dominant,  the 
Company  also  considered  secondary  indicators  including  the  currency  in  which  funds  from  financing 
activities  are denominated and the currency in which funds are retained. 
The determination that the carrying amount of the Tuligtic Project will be recovered through use rather 
than  sale  (Note  16).  In  making  this  determination,  management  considered  the  likelihood  of 
completing  the  Company’s  planned  spin  out  transaction  (Note  22)  taking  into  account  all  legal, 
regulatory and business requirements to affect the planned spin-out  transaction. 

o 

Estimates 

o  The recoverability of amounts receivable which are included in the consolidated statements of financial 

position; 
The  carrying  value of the marketable securities and the recoverability of the carrying value which are 
included  in  the consolidated statements of financial position; 
The  carrying  value  of  investments,  and  the  estimated  annual  gains or losses recorded on investments 
from  income  and  dilution,  and  the  recoverability  of  the  carrying  value  which  are  included  in  the 
consolidated  statements of financial position; 
The  estimated  useful  lives  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  which  are  included  in  the  consolidated 
statements  of  financial  position  and  the related depreciation included in the consolidated statements of 
comprehensive loss; 

o  The  estimated  value  of  the  exploration  and  development  costs which is recorded in the statements of 

financial  position; 

o  The  inputs  used  in  accounting  for  share  purchase  option  expense  in  the  consolidated  statements  of 

comprehensive (loss) income; 
The  provision  for  income  taxes  which  is  included  in  the  consolidation  statements  of  comprehensive 
(loss)  income and composition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities included in the consolidated 
statements of financial position  at December 31, 2014; 
The  inputs  used  in  determining  the  various  commitments  and  contingencies  accrued  in  the 
consolidated  statements of financial position;   

o  The  assessment  of  indications  of  impairment  of  each  exploration  and  evaluation  asset  and  related 

determination  of the net realizable  value and write-down of those assets where applicable; 
The  estimated  fair  value  of  contingent  share  payments  receivable  in  the  event  that  Gold  Mountain 
achieves  some  or  all  of  the  specified  resource  and  production  levels  described  in  Note  8(a)  of  the 
consolidated  financial  statements; and 
The  estimated  fair  value  of  contingent  share  payments  receivable in the event that Goldgroup Mining 
Inc. achieves some or all of the specified resource and production levels described in Note  8(b) of the 
consolidated  financial  statements. 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

Item 6.     Directors, Senior Management and Employees 

Table  No.  5  lists  the  directors  and  senior  management  of  the  Company.    The  directors  have  served  in  their 
respective  capacities  since  their  election  and/or  appointment  and  will  serve  until  the  next  annual  general 
meeting of the Company  or until a successor is duly elected, unless the office is vacated in accordance with the 
Articles of the Company.  All directors are residents and citizens of Canada.  

52 

 
 
 
 
 
Table No. 5 
Directors of the Company 

Name 
James Duane Poliquin 
John D. McCleary(2)(3) 
Joseph Montgomery(1)(2)(3) 
Morgan Poliquin   
Gerald G. Carlson(1)(2)(3) 
Barry W. Smee (5) 
Mark T. Brown (1)(3) 
William   J. Worrall 
  (1)  M ember of Audit Committee 
  (2)  M ember of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee 
  (3)  M ember of Compensation Committee 
  (4)  Date of issue of the Certificate of Amalgamation 
  (5) Barry Smee resigned as a Director of the Company effective January 31, 2015 

Age 
74 
74 
87 
43 
69 
69 
46 
82 

Date First Elected or Appointed 
February 1, 2002(4) 
February 1, 2002(4) 
February 1, 2002(4) 
February 1, 2002(4) 
February 1, 2002(4) 
July 6, 2006 
May 30, 2011 
May 7, 2013 

Duane Poliquin  was a director of Almaden Resources Corporation since September 1980, Jack McCleary since 
June 1991 and Morgan Poliquin  since June 1999. 

Duane  Poliquin  was  a director of Fairfield Minerals Ltd. since June 1996, Joseph Montgomery since July 2000 
and Gerald G. Carlson since July 1998. 

Table  No.6  lists  the  Executive Officers of the Company.  The Executive Officers serve at the pleasure of the 
Board  of  Directors,  subject  to  the  terms  of  executive  compensation  agreements  hereinafter  described.    All 
Executive Officers are residents and citizens of Canada. 

Table No. 6 
Executive Officers of the Company 

Name 
James Duane Poliquin   
Morgan Poliquin 
Korm Trieu 
Dione Bitzer  
Douglas McDonald 
(4)  Date of issue of the Certificate of Amalgamation 

Position 
Chairman of the Board 
President and Chief Executive Officer 
Chief Financial  Officer 
Controller 
Vice-President, Corporate Development 

Age 
74 
43 
49 
54 
46 

Date First Appointed 
February 1, 2002  (4) 
March 1, 2007 
May 30, 2011 
February 1, 2002  (4) 

September 22, 2014 

Duane  Poliquin  was  appointed  an  Officer  of  Almaden  Resources  Corporation  in  September  1980  and  of 
Fairfield  Minerals  Ltd.  in  June  1996.    Dione  Bitzer  was  appointed  an  Officer  of  Fairfield  Minerals  Ltd.  in 
March 2001. 

Duane  Poliquin  is  a  registered  professional  geological  engineer  with  over  50  years  of  experience  in  mineral 
exploration  and  he  is  the  founding  shareholder  of  Almaden  Resources  Corporation.  He  gained  international 
experience  working  with  major  mining  companies  where  he  participated  in  the  discovery  of several important 
mineral  deposits.  Mr.  Poliquin  has  held  executive  positions  and  directorships  with  several  junior  resource 
companies  over  his  career.    He  was  founder  and  President  of  Westley  Mines  Ltd.  when  that  company 
discovered  the  Santa  Fe  gold  deposit  in  Nevada.  Mr. Poliquin spends virtually all of his time on the affairs of 
the Company.  He also serves as a director of Gold Mountain Mining  Corporation. 

John  D.  (Jack)  McCleary  is  a  registered  professional  geologist  with  40  years’ experience in petroleum and 
mineral exploration. He has held executive positions with several junior resource companies over his career and 
for  several  years  was  a  Vice  President  of  Dominion  Securities Ltd. He served as a director and President of 
Canadian Hydro Developers Inc. until December 1995 at which time he retired and as a director and President 
of  Troymin  Resources  Ltd.  until  April  2003  at  which  time  Troymin  amalgamated with Santoy Resources Ltd. 
where he served as a director for 5 years. Mr. McCleary spends less than 5% of his time on the affairs of the 
Company. 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Joseph Montgomery is a professional engineer registered with the Association of Professional Engineers and 
Geoscientists of B.C. He has over 40 years’ experience in the mineral industry primarily as a consultant in base 
and  precious  metals,  industrial  metals  and  gemstones.  He  is  President of Montgomery Consultants Ltd. and is 
on  the  Advisory  Board  of  the  Canadian  Institute  of  Gemology.  He  spends  less  than  10%  of  his  time  on  the 
affairs of the Company. Mr. Montgomery also serves as a director of Infrastructure Materials Corp, an industrial 
materials company listed  on the US OTCBB.  

Morgan  Poliquin  is  a  registered  professional  geological  engineer  with  21  years’  experience  in  mineral 
exploration  since  graduating  with  a  B.A.Sc.  degree  in  geological  engineering  from  the  University  of  British 
Columbia  (1994).    In  1996  he  earned  a  M.Sc.  in  geology  from  the  University  of  Auckland,  New  Zealand 
studying  geothermal  and  epithermal  deposits  in  the  South  Pacific  including  the  Emperor  Gold  Deposit,  Fiji.  In 
2010, Dr. Poliquin earned his Ph.D. in Geology from the Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter.  He 
is  President  and  CEO  of  the  Company  and  oversees  corporate  matters  as  well  as  directing  the  Company’s 
exploration  program.  Dr.  Poliquin  spends  virtually  all  of  his  time  on  the  affairs  of  the  Company  directing  its 
exploration  programs.  He also serves as a director of Gold Mountain Mining  Corporation. 

Gerald  G.  Carlson  has  been  involved  in  mineral  exploration and junior exploration company management for 
over  40  years.    Mr.  Carlson  has  a  B.A.Sc.  from  the  University  of  Toronto,  a  M.Sc.  from  Michigan 
Technological University and Ph.D. from Dartmouth College.   He is a past President of AME BC (formerly the 
B.C.  and  Yukon  Chamber  of  Mines),  President  of  the  Society  of  Economic  Geologists  Canada Foundation, a 
Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Economic  Geologists,  a  member  of  the  Professional  Engineers  and  Geoscientists  of 
British  Columbia,  the  Professional  Engineers  of  the  Yukon  Territory  and  the  Canadian  Institute  of  Mining, 
Metallurgy & Petroleum.   Mr. Carlson spends less than 5% of his time on the affairs of the Company.  He also 
serves  as  President  and  CEO  of  Pacific  Ridge Exploration Ltd., a gold and copper exploration company listed 
on the TSX-V. 

Barry  W.  Smee  is  a  consulting  geochemist based in British Columbia.  He obtained a B.Sc. in chemistry and 
geology  from  the  University  of  Alberta,  and  a  Ph.D. in geochemistry from the University of New Brunswick. 
He  has  designed  and  managed  commercial  analytical  laboratories  and  worked  in  academia,  government  and 
industry  for  over  40  years.    He  has  authored  or  co-authored  over  50  scientific  papers  on  geochemical  and 
quality  control  topics.  Dr.  Smee  formed  Smee  and Associates Consulting Ltd., a privately owned geochemical 
consulting  company  in  1990  through  which  he  has  actively  promoted  the  use  of  Quality  Control  protocols  in 
mineral  exploration,  comprehensive  due  diligence  procedures,  and  the  intelligent  use  of  modern  geochemical 
methods.    Dr.  Smee  spent  less  than  5%  of  his  time  on the affairs of the Company and, effective January 31, 
2015  he  resigned  as  Director  of  the  Company.  He also serves as a director of Platinum Group Metals Ltd., a 
platinum  exploration  company listed  on the TSX and NYSE MKT.  

Mark T. Brown is a Chartered Accountant and earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Commerce from the University 
of  British  Columbia  in  1990.    Mr.  Brown  received  his  Chartered  Accountant’s  designation  in  1993  while 
working  at  Price  Waterhouse,  Chartered  Accountants.   From 1994 to 1997, he was the controller of two TSE 
300  mining  companies,  one  after  the  other,  each  of  which  produced  in  excess  of  100,000  ounces  of  gold 
annually.    At  the  end of 1997, Mr. Brown joined Pacific Opportunity Capital Ltd. which was set up to provide 
business  financial  support,  both  administratively  and  for  transactions  and  negotiations,  to  public  and  private 
emerging companies.   Mr. Brown spends approximately 5% of his time on the affairs of the Company.  He also 
serves  as  a  director  and  President  and  CEO  of  Big  Sky  Petroleum  Corporation,  an  oil  and  gas  exploration 
company  listed  on  the  TSX-V  as  well  as  director  and  CFO  of  Tarsis  Resources  Ltd.,  a  mineral  exploration 
company listed on the TSX-V.  Mr. Brown also serves as a director of the following companies: 

a.  Avrupa Minerals Ltd., a gold and base metals exploration  company listed on the TSX-V. 
b.  Estrella Gold  Corporation,  a gold exploration  company listed on the TSX-V. 
c.  Galileo  Petroleum Ltd., an oil  and gas exploration  company listed  on the TSX-V. 
d.  Strategem Capital Corp., an investment issuer listed  on the TSX-V. 
e.  Sutter Gold  Mining  Ltd., a gold exploration  company listed  on the TSX-V. 

William J. Worrall is a retired lawyer with over 55 years practice primarily in the areas of securities, national 
and  transnational  corporate  and  commercial  transactions,  including  mergers and acquisitions, with emphasis on 
junior resource companies engaged in mining and oil and gas exploration and development.  Mr. Worrall spends 
less than 5% of his time on the affairs of the Company. 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Korm Trieu is a Chartered Accountant and holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of British 
Columbia  and  has  spent  over  15  years  in  corporate  finance,  administration  and  tax  services,  primarily  in  the 
natural resource, financial  service and real estate sectors.  From 2008-2011, he served as Vice President Finance 
for Sprott Resource Lending Corp. where he oversaw the Finance and Administration departments of a natural 
resource lending company.  Mr. Trieu spends all of his business time on the affairs of the Company. 

Dione  Bitzer  is  a  Certified  Management  Accountant  with  over  20  years  accounting  experience  with  junior 
exploration  companies.    She  has  held  executive  positions  with  several  junior  resource  companies.  Ms. Bitzer 
spends all of her business time on the affairs of the Company. 

Douglas McDonald holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree and an M.A. Sc. specializing in mineral economics 
from the University of British Columbia and has over 18 years of experience in the resource, foreign trade and 
resource  policy  arenas.    Prior  to  joining  Almaden,  he  worked  with  an  investment  dealer  where  he  advised 
numerous  mineral  resource  companies  regarding  M&A  opportunities,  and  assisted  them  in  accessing  capital 
markets.  He also spent  5 years as a Foreign Service officer with the Canadian government, where he focused 
on  international  trade  issues,  primarily  concerning  their  impact  on  the  resources  industry.    Mr.  McDonald 
spends all of his business time on the affairs of the Company. 

There are no arrangements or understandings  with any two or more directors or executive officers pursuant to 
which any such person was selected as a director or executive officer. Duane Poliquin,  Chairman of the Board 
and Director, is the father of Morgan Poliquin,  President, Chief Executive Officer and Director. 

During Fiscal 2012, the Compensation Committee conducted an Executive and Directors Compensation Review 
which  resulted  in  the  recommendations  that  remuneration  of  the  Chairman  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  be 
increased  to  annual  remuneration  of  $240,000  and  $265,000  respectively  effective  January  1,  2013,  for  two 
years  (the  “Term”),  renewable  for  two  additional  successive terms of 24 months (the “Extended Term”).  All 
Directors  are  to  be  compensated  $7,000  yearly  and  the  Chairs  of  the  Audit  Committee  and  Compensation, 
Nominating  and  Corporate  Governance  Committee  be  compensated  $3,000  yearly,  effective  January  1,  2013.  
The  Compensation  Committee  also  recommended  that,  with  respect  to  Director  stock  options,  up  to  250,000 
options  be  granted  to  each  non-management  Director.  Directors  are  entitled  to  reimbursement  for reasonable 
travel  and  other  out-of-pocket  expenses  incurred  in  connection  with  attendance  at  meetings  of  the  Board  of 
Directors.  The  Board  of  Directors  may  award  special  remuneration  to  any  director  undertaking  any  special 
services  on  behalf  of  the  Company  other  than  services  ordinarily  required  of  a  director.  Other  than indicated 
below  no  director  received  any  compensation  for  his  services  as  a  director,  including  committee  participation 
and/or special assignments. 

Total compensation paid by the Company directly and/or indirectly to all directors and executive officers during 
Fiscal 2014 was $873,625. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table No. 7 
Summary  Compensation Table 

Long-Term Compensation 

                                         Annual Compensation               

Name and 
Principle Position 

Fiscal 
Year 

Salary 

Bonus 

Other Annual 
Compensation 

  Awards 
Restricted 
Stock 
Awards 

Duane Poliquin 
Chairman of the Board & 
Director  
M organ Poliquin 
President,  Chief Executive 
Officer & Director 

Jack M cCleary 
Director 

Joseph M ontgomery 
Director 

Gerald G. Carlson 
Director 

Barry W. Smee 
Director(9) 

M ark T. Brown 
Director, former Chief Financial 
Officer 
William  J. Worrall 
Director 

James E. M cInnes 
Former Director 

Donald M . Lorimer 
Former Director 

Korm Trieu 
Chief Financial Officer 

Dione Bitzer 
Controller 

Douglas M cDonald 
Vice President, Corporate 
Development 

2014 
2013 
2012 
2014 
2013 
2012 

2014 
2013 
2012 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2014 
2013 
2012 

Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
$265,000 
$265,000 
$225,000 

Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
$185,000 
$185,000 
$165,000 
$87,500 
$100,000 
$96,875 
$48,125(8) 
N/A 
N/A 

Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
$90,000 

Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
Nil 
Nil 
$33,000 
Nil 
$7,500 
$10,000 
Nil 
N/A 
N/A 

Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 

Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
N/A 

Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 

Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
N/A 

Options/ 
SARS 
Granted 
(#) 
Nil 
Nil 
100,000 
150,000 
Nil 
500,000 

Nil 
Nil 
25,000 
Nil 
Nil 
25,000 
50,000 
Nil 
25,000 
Nil 
Nil 
25,000 
25,000 
Nil 
125,000 
Nil 
250,000 
N/A 
Nil 
Nil 
25,000 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
50,000 
75,000 
75,000 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
150,000 
N/A 
N/A 

LTIP 
Payouts 

All Other 
Compensation 

Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 

Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 

Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
N/A 

$240,000(1) 
$246,300(1) 
$327,000(1) 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
$10,000(2)(4) 
$10,000(2)(4) 

     $6,000(2) 
    $10,000(2)(3) 
$7,000(2) 
$6,000(2) 
$7,000(2) 
$7,000(2) 
$6,000(2) 
$7,000(2) 
   $8,500(2)(5) 
$6,000(2)  
$7,000(2) 
   $7,700(2)(6) 
   $3,488(2)(6) 
$4,550(2) 
Nil 
N/A 
   $2,450(2) 
 $10,000(2)(3) 
   $7,500(2)(3) 
Nil 
Nil 
   $4,500(2)(3) 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
N/A 
N/A 

(1) For geological  services provided to the Company and general and administrative services provided by Hawk M ountain Resources Ltd., a 

private company of which Duane Poliquin is a shareholder.   

 (2) Director’s fees.   
 (3) Audit Committee Chairman’s fees. 
 (4)  Compensation Committee Chairman’s fees. 
 (5) For consulting services provided by Smee & Associates Consulting Ltd., a company owned by Barry Smee and his wife. 
 (6)  For financial  and administrative services provided by Pacific Opportunity Capital Ltd., a company controlled by M ark T. Brown and his 

family. 

(7)  For technical services provided to the Company. 
(8) 
Commenced employment on September 22, 2014. 

(9) Barry Smee resigned as a Director of the Company effective January 31, 2015 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Remuneration for Termination 

The Company has the following  termination  clauses within  its executive compensation  contracts.   

The Executive Compensation Contract dated January 29, 2013  (the “HMR Agreement”) between the Company 
and  Hawk  Mountain  Resources  Ltd.  (“Management  Company”),  a  private  company of which  Duane Poliquin 
(the “Executive” under the HMR Agreement) is a shareholder, will terminate or may be terminated for any one 
of the following  reasons: 

(a) 

voluntary,  upon  at  least  three  (3)  months  prior  written  notice  of  termination  by  the  Management 
Company to the Company; or 

(b)  without  Cause, upon at least three (3) months prior written notice of termination by the Company to the 

Management Company; or 
by the Company for Cause; or 
upon the death or disability  of the Executive; or 
upon retirement by the Executive. 

(c) 
(d) 
(e) 

Termination by the Management Company Voluntarily or by the Company for Cause 

If the Management Company shall voluntarily terminate the provision of the services of the Executive under the 
HMR Agreement or if the engagement of the Management Company thereunder is terminated by the Company 
for  Cause,  then  all  compensation  and  benefits  as  theretofore  provided  shall  terminate  immediately  upon  the 
effective date of termination and no special termination  compensation  will  be paid. 

Cause to terminate the Management Company’s engagement under the HMR Agreement shall mean: 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

the  repeated  and  demonstrated  failure  by  the Executive or the Management Company to perform the 
Executive  or  the  Management  Company’s  material duties under  the HMR Agreement, after demand 
for  substantial  performance  is  delivered  by  the  Company  to  the  Management  Company  and  the 
Executive  that  specifically  identifies  the  manner  in  which  the  Company believes the Executive or the 
Management  Company  has  not substantially performed the Executive or the Management Company’s 
duties under the HMR Agreement; or 
the  willful  engagement  by  the  Executive  or  the  Management  Company  in  misconduct  which  is 
materially  injurious  to the Company, monetarily  or otherwise; or 
any  other  willful  violation  by  the  Executive  or  the  Management  Company  of  the  provisions  of  the 
HMR Agreement; or 
the  Executive  or  the  Management  Company  is  convicted  of  a  criminal  offence  involving  fraud  or 
dishonesty. 

Termination by the Company Without Cause 

If  the  Company  shall  terminate  the  Management Company’s engagement under the HMR  Agreement for any 
reason  except  for  Cause  then, upon the effective date of termination, the Company shall pay the Management 
Company  in  one  lump  sum  an  amount  equal  to  two  (2)  times the Management Company’s then current Base 
Fee.  All the benefits theretofore provided to the Executive or the Management Company shall be continued as 
if  the  Executive  was  still  an  executive  of  the  Company  for  a  period  of  twelve  (12)  months  from  the  date  of 
termination. 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Termination by Death or Disability 

If  the  Executive  dies  or  becomes  disabled  before  the  Management  Company’s  services  are  otherwise 
terminated,  the  Company  shall  pay  the  Management  Company,  an  amount  of  compensation  equal  to  six  (6) 
months  of  the  Management  Company’s  then  current Base Fee and all the benefits theretofore provided to the 
Executive  or  the  Management  Company  shall  be  continued,  for  a  period  of  six  (6)  months  from  the  date  of 
Death or Disability as if the Executive were still an executive officer of the Company. If such termination is due 
to  the  Executive’s  Death,  payment  shall  be  made  in  one  lump  sum  to  the  Management  Company.    If  such 
termination  is  due  to  the  Executive’s  Disability,  payment  shall  be  made  in  one  lump  sum  to  the  Management 
Company  within  sixty (60) days of the Executive’s Disability. The compensation provided under this paragraph 
shall  be  in  addition  to  that  payable  from  any  insurance  coverage  providing  compensation  upon  Death  or 
Disability. 

Termination Following Change in Control 

For purposes of the HMR Agreement, a Change in Control shall be deemed to have occurred if: 

(i)    any person or any person and such person’s associates or affiliates, as such terms are defined in the 
Securities  Act  (British  Columbia)  (the  “Act”),  makes  a  tender,  take-over  or  exchange  offer, 
circulates  a  proxy  to  shareholders  or  takes  other  steps  to  effect  a  takeover  of  the  control  of  the 
Company,  whether  by  way  of a reverse take-over, formal bid, causing the election or appointment 
of a majority  of directors of the Company or otherwise in any manner whatsoever; or 

(ii)    during  any  period  of  eighteen  (18)  consecutive  months  (not  including  any  period  prior  to  the 
Effective  Date), individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board of Directors 
and any new directors, whose appointment by the Board of Directors or nomination for election by 
the Company’s shareholders was approved by a vote of at least three quarters (3/4) of the Board of 
Directors  then  still  in  office  who  either  were  directors  at  the  beginning  of  the  period  or  whose 
appointment  or  nomination  for  election  was  previously  so  approved,  cease  for  any  reason  to 
constitute a majority  of the Board of Directors; or 

(iii)    the  acquisition  by  any  person  or  by  any  person  and  such person’s affiliates or associates, as such 
terms are defined in the Act, and whether directly or indirectly, of common shares of the Company 
at the time held by such person and such person’s affiliates and associates, totals for the first time, 
twenty percent (20%) or more of the outstanding common shares of the Company. 

Notwithstanding  any  other  provisions  in  the  HMR  Agreement  regarding  termination,  if  any  of  the  events 
described  above  constituting  a  Change  in  Control  shall  have  occurred  during  the  Term  or an Extended Term, 
upon  the  termination  of  the  Management  Company’s  services  (unless  such  termination  is  because  of  the 
Executive’s  Death  or  Disability,  by  the  Company for  Cause  or  by  the  Management  Company  other  than  for 
“Good Reason”, as defined below) the Management Company shall be entitled to and will receive no later than 
the  fifteenth  (15th)  day  following  the  date  of  termination  a  lump  sum  payment  equal  to  three  (3)  times  the 
Management Company’s then current Base Fee. In addition, all benefits then applicable to the Executive or the 
Management Company shall be continued for a period of eighteen (18) months after the date of termination. 

For purposes of the HMR Agreement, “Good Reason” shall mean, without the Management Company’s express 
written consent, any of the following: 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

the  assignment  to  the  Executive  of  any  duties  inconsistent  with  the  status  or  authority  of  the 
Executive’s  office,  or  the  Executive’s removal from such position, or a substantial alteration in the 
nature  or  status  of  the  Executive’s  authorities  or  responsibilities  from  those  in  effect  immediately 
prior to the Change in Control; 
a reduction  by the Company of the Management Company’s Base Fee as in effect on the date of the 
HMR  Agreement  or  as  the  same  may  have  been  increased from time to time, or a failure by the 
Company  to  increase  the  Management  Company’s  Base  Fee  as  provided  for  in  the  HMR 
Agreement or at a rate commensurate with that of other key executives of the Company; 
the  relocation  of  the  office  of  the  Company where  the  Executive  is  employed  at  the  time  of  the 
Change in Control (the “CIC Location”) to a location more than fifty (50) miles away from the CIC 
Location,  or  the  Company’s  requiring  the  Executive  to  be  based  more  than  fifty  (50) miles away 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
from  the  CIC  Location  (except  for  requiring  travel  on  the  Company’s  business  to  an  extent 
substantially  consistent  with  the  Executive’s  business  travel  obligations  prior  to  the  Change  in 
Control); 

(iv)    the failure by the Company to continue to provide the Executive or the Management Company with 
benefits at least as favourable as those enjoyed by the Executive or the Management Company prior 
to  the  Change  in  Control,  the  taking  of  any  action  by  the  Company  which  would  directly  or 
indirectly  materially  reduce  any  of  such  benefits  or  deprive  the  Executive  or  the  Management 
Company  of any material fringe benefit enjoyed by the Executive or the Management Company at 
the time of the Change in Control, or the increase by the Company of the number of weeks of the 
Executive’s services required to be provided  to the Company by the Management Company; or 
the  failure  of  the  Company to  obtain  a  satisfactory agreement from any successor to assume and 
agree to perform the HMR Agreement or, if the business of the Company for which the Executive’s 
services  are  principally  performed  is  sold  within  two  (2)  years  after  a  Change  in  Control,  the 
purchaser  of  such business shall fail to agree to provide the Management Company with the same 
or  a comparable position, duties, remuneration and benefits for the Executive and the Management 
Company as provided immediately  prior  to the Change in Control. 

(v) 

Following  a  Change  in  Control  during  the  Term,  or  an  Extended  Term,  the  Management  Company  shall  be 
entitled  to stop providing  the Executive’s services for Good Reason. 

In the event the Management  Company is entitled to a termination payment under the HMR Agreement, then in 
addition  to  such  termination  payment,  the  Management  Company  shall  be  entitled  to  employment  search 
assistance to secure other comparable employment for the Executive for a period not to exceed one (1) year or 
until such comparable employment is found, whichever is the sooner, with fees for such assistance to be paid by 
the Company. 

The  Management Company’s right to receive the aforementioned payment and benefits is expressly contingent 
upon  the  signing  of  a  waiver  and  release  satisfactory  to  the  Company which  releases  the  Company  and  its 
affiliates  from  all  claims  and  liabilities  arising  out  of  the Management Company’s provision of the Executive’s 
services  and  termination  thereof  and  including  confidentiality  provisions,  which  waiver  and  release  is 
satisfactory to the Company with the respect to form, substance and timeliness. 

The Executive Employment Contract dated  January 29, 2013 (the “MP Agreement”) between the Company and 
Morgan Poliquin (the “Executive” under the “MP Agreement”) will terminate or may be terminated for any one 
of the following  reasons: 

(a)  voluntary,  upon  at  least  three  (3)  months  prior  written  notice  of  termination  by  the  Executive  to  the 

Company; or 

(b)  without  Cause,  upon  at  least  three  (3)  months  prior  written  notice  of  termination by the Company to the 

Executive; or 

(c)  by the Company for Cause; or 
(d)  upon the death or disability  of the Executive; or 
(e)  upon retirement by the Executive. 

Termination by the Executive Voluntarily or by the Company for Cause 

If  the  Executive  shall  voluntarily  terminate  employment  under the MP  Agreement or if the employment of the 
Executive  is terminated by the Company for Cause, then all compensation and benefits as theretofore provided 
shall  terminate  immediately  upon  the  effective  date  of termination and no special severance compensation will 
be paid. 

Cause to terminate the Executive’s employment shall  mean: 

(a) 

the  repeated  and  demonstrated  failure  by  the  Executive to perform the Executive’s material duties under 
the  MP  Agreement,  after  demand  for  substantial  performance  is  delivered  by  the  Company  to  the 
Executive  that  specifically  identifies  the  manner  in  which  the  Company believes  the  Executive  has  not 
substantially  performed the Executive’s duties under the MP Agreement; or 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) 

the  willful  engagement  by  the  Executive  in  misconduct  which  is  materially  injurious  to  the  Company, 
monetarily  or otherwise; or 

(c)  any other willful  violation  by the Executive of the provisions  of the MP Agreement; or 
(d)   the Executive is convicted of a criminal  offence involving  fraud or dishonesty. 

Termination by the Company Without Cause 

If the Company shall terminate the Executive’s employment under the MP Agreement for any reason except for 
Cause  then,  upon  the  effective  date  of  termination,  the  Company shall  pay the Executive in one lump sum an 
amount  equal  to  two  (2)  times  the  Executive’s  then  current  Base  Salary,  less  all  statutory  withholdings  and 
deductions.    All  the  benefits  theretofore  provided  to  the  Executive  shall  be  continued as if the Executive was 
still an employee of the Company for a period of twelve (12) months from the date of termination or until equal 
or better benefits are provided by a new employer, whichever shall first occur. 

Termination by Death or Disability 

If  the  Executive  dies  or  becomes  disabled  before  the  Executive’s  employment  is  otherwise  terminated,  the 
Company shall pay the Executive or the Executive’s estate, an amount of compensation equal to six (6) months 
of  the  Executive’s  then  current  Base Salary and all the benefits theretofore provided to the Executive shall be 
continued,  for  a  period  of  six  (6)  months from the date of Death or Disability as if the Executive were still an 
employee of the Company.  If such termination is due to the Executive’s Death, payment shall be made in one 
lump  sum  to the Executive’s Designate. If no Executive’s Designate survives the Executive, the entire amount 
shall be paid to the Executive’s estate within sixty (60) days of the Executive’s death. If such termination is due 
to the Executive’s Disability, payment shall be made in one lump sum to the Executive within sixty (60) days of 
the Executive’s Disability.  The compensation provided under this paragraph shall be in addition to that payable 
from any insurance coverage providing  compensation  upon Death or Disability.   

Termination Following Change in Control 

For purposes of the MP Agreement, a Change in Control shall  be deemed to have occurred if: 

(i) 

any person or any person and such person’s associates or affiliates, as such terms are defined in the 
Securities Act (British Columbia) (the “Act”), makes a tender, take-over or exchange offer, circulates 
a  proxy  to  shareholders  or  takes  other  steps  to  effect  a  takeover  of  the  control  of  the  Company, 
whether by way of a reverse take-over, formal bid, causing the election or appointment of a majority 
of directors of the Company or otherwise in any manner whatsoever; or  

(ii)  during  any  period  of  eighteen  (18)  consecutive  months  (not  including  any  period  prior  to  the 
Effective  Date),  individuals  who  at  the  beginning  of  such  period  constituted  the Board of Directors 
and  any  new  directors,  whose  appointment  by  the  Board  of Directors or nomination for election by 
the Company’s shareholders was approved by a vote of at least three quarters (3/4) of the Board of 
Directors  then  still  in  office  who  either  were  directors  at  the  beginning  of  the  period  or  whose 
appointment  or  nomination  for  election  was  previously  so  approved,  cease  for  any  reason  to 
constitute a majority  of the Board of Directors; or  

(iii)  the  acquisition  by  any  person  or  by  any  person  and  such  person’s  affiliates  or  associates,  as  such 
terms are defined in the Act, and whether directly or indirectly, of common shares of the Company at 
the  time  held  by  such  person  and  such  person’s  affiliates  and  associates,  totals  for  the  first  time, 
twenty percent (20%) or more of the outstanding common shares of the Company. 

Notwithstanding  any  other  provisions  in  the  MP  Agreement  regarding  termination,  if  any  of  the  events 
described  above  constituting  a  Change  in  Control  shall  have  occurred  during  the  Term  or an Extended Term, 
upon  the  termination  of  the  Executive’s  employment  (unless  such  termination  is  because  of  the  Executive’s 
Death  or  Disability,  by  the  Company for Cause or by the Executive other than for “Good Reason”, as defined 
below) the Executive shall be entitled to and will receive no later than the fifteenth (15th) day following the date 
of termination a lump sum severance payment equal to three (3) times the Executive’s then current Base Salary. 
In  addition, all benefits then applicable to the Executive shall be continued for a period of eighteen (18) months 
after the date of termination. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For  purposes  of  the  MP  Agreement,  “Good  Reason”  shall  mean,  without  the  Executive’s  express  written 
consent, any of the following: 

(i) 

the  assignment  to  the  Executive  of  any  duties  inconsistent  with  the  status  or  authority  of  the 
Executive’s  office,  or  the  Executive’s  removal  from  such  position,  or  a  substantial  alteration  in  the 
nature  or  status  of  the  Executive’s  authorities  or  responsibilities  from  those  in  effect  immediately 
prior to the Change in Control; 

(ii)  a  reduction  by  the  Company  in  the  Executive’s  Base  Salary  as  in  effect  on  the  date  of  the  MP 
Agreement or as the same may have been increased from time to time, or a failure by the Company to 
increase the Executive’s Base Salary as provided for in the MP Agreement or at a rate commensurate 
with that of other key executives of the Company; 

(iii)  the  relocation  of  the  office  of  the  Company  where  the  Executive  is  employed  at  the  time  of  the 
Change  in Control (the “CIC Location”) to a location more than fifty (50) miles away from the CIC 
Location, or the Company’s requiring the Executive to be based more than fifty (50) miles away from 
the  CIC  Location  (except  for  requiring  travel  on  the  Company’s  business  to an extent substantially 
consistent with the Executive’s business travel obligations  prior  to the Change in Control); 

(iv)  the  failure  by  the Company to continue to provide the Executive with benefits at least as favourable 
as  those  enjoyed  by  the  Executive  prior  to  the  Change  in  Control,  the  taking  of  any  action  by  the 
Company  which  would  directly  or  indirectly  materially  reduce  any  of  such  benefits  or  deprive  the 
Executive  of  any  material  fringe  benefit  enjoyed  by  the  Executive  at  the  time  of  the  Change  in 
Control, or the failure by the Company to provide the Executive with the number of entitled vacation 
days to which the Executive has earned on the basis of years of service with the Company; or 
the  failure  of  the  Company to  obtain  a  satisfactory  agreement  from  any  successor  to  assume  and 
agree  to  perform  the  MP  Agreement  or,  if  the business of the Company for which the Executive’s 
services  are  principally  performed  is  sold  within  two  (2)  years  after  a  Change  in  Control,  the 
purchaser of such business shall fail to agree to provide the Executive with the same or a comparable 
position,  duties,  salary  and  benefits  as  provided  to  the  Executive by the Company immediately prior 
to the Change in Control. 

(v) 

Following  a  Change  in  Control  during  the  Term,  or  an  Extended  Term,  the  Executive  shall  be  entitled  to 
terminate the Executive’s employment  for Good  Reason. 

In the event the Executive is entitled to a severance payment under the MP Agreement, then in addition to such 
severance payment, the Executive shall be entitled to employment search assistance to secure other comparable 
employment  for  a  period  not to exceed one (1) year or until such comparable employment is found, whichever 
is the sooner, with fees for such assistance to be paid by the Company. 

The  Executive’s  right  to  receive  the  aforementioned  payment  and  benefits  is  expressly  contingent  upon  the 
signing of a waiver and release satisfactory to the Company which releases the Company and its affiliates from 
liabilities  arising  out  of  the  Executive’s  employment  and  termination  and  including 
all  claims  and 
confidentiality  provisions,  which  waiver  and  release  is  satisfactory  to  the  Company with  the  respect  to  form, 
substance and timeliness. 

Stock options  
Incentive  stock  options  to  purchase  securities  from  the  Company  are  granted  to  directors,  executive  officers, 
employees  and  consultants  of  the  Company  on  terms and conditions acceptable to the regulatory authorities in 
Canada, notably the Toronto Stock Exchange, and in accordance with the requirements of the applicable Canadian 
securities commissions’ requirements and regulations. 

The  Company  has  a  formal written stock option  plan (“Plan”) which permits the issuance of up to 10% of the 
Company’s issued share capital from time to time during the term of the Plan  and may be granted from time to 
time  provided  that  incentive  stock  options  in  favor  of  any  consultant  or  person  providing  investor  relations 
services  cannot  exceed  2%  in  any  12  month  period.    No  incentive  stock  option  granted  under  the  Plan  is 
transferable by the optionee other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, and each incentive stock 
option  is  exercisable  during  the  lifetime  of  the  optionee  only  by  such  optionee  and  by  the  optionee’s personal 
representatives in the event of death for a period ending on the earlier of the expiry date of the option and twelve 
months after the date of death. 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The exercise price of all incentive stock options granted under the Plan is determined in accordance with Toronto 
Stock Exchange guidelines and cannot be less than the Market Price on the date of the grant.  Market Price is the 
volume weighted average trading price of the shares for the five trading days immediately preceding the date of the 
grant.  The  maximum term of each incentive stock option is five years. Options granted to consultants or persons 
providing Investor Relations Activities (as defined in the Plan) shall vest in stages with no more than ¼ of such 
options being exercisable in any three month period.  All options granted during Fiscal 2014, Fiscal 2013 and Fiscal 
2012 vested on the date granted.  Under the requirements of the Toronto Stock Exchange, all unallocated options 
under the Plan must be approved by the Board of Directors, including a majority of the unrelated directors and by 
the  shareholders  every  three  years after the institution of the Plan.  Insiders and affiliates of insiders entitled to 
receive a benefit under the Plan are not entitled to vote for such approval. 

The names and titles of the directors and executive officers of the Company to whom outstanding stock options 
have been granted and the number of common shares subject to such options as of March 30, 2015 are set forth in 
Table No. 8, as well as the number of options granted to directors, executive officers, employees and contractors as 
a group. 

62 

 
 
Name 
Duane Poliquin, 
Chairman  of the Board & Director  

Table  No.  8 
Stock Options  Outstanding 

Number  of   Options 
Outstanding 
140,000 
100,000 
500,000 
50,000 
100,000 
220,000 

Exercise Price 
CDN$ 

        $1.00 
2.22 
3.29 
2.93 
2.18 
1.12 

Morgan Poliquin 
President, Director & 
Chief  Executive  Officer 

Jack McCleary 
Director 

Gerald  G.  Carlson 
Director 

Joseph Montgomery 
Director 

Mark T. Brown 
Director 

William  J. Worrall 
Director 

Korm  Trieu 
Chief  Financial Officer 

Dione Bitzer 
Controller 

Douglas McDonald 
Vice  President, Corporate Development 

100,000 
100,000 
650,000 
350,000 
500,000 
250,000 
150,000 

100,000 
50,000 
50,000 
50,000 
25,000 

25,000 
50,000 
50,000 
25,000 
50,000 
50,000 

225,000 
25,000 

25,000 
25,000 
100,000 
75,000 
25,000 

250,000 

150,000 
75,000 
75,000 
50,000 

125,000 

150,000 

0.92 
2.67 
3.29 
1.12 
2.63 
1.19 
1.50 

0.92 
2.73 
3.29 
2.93 
2.18 

2.73 
3.29 
2.93 
2.18 
1.12 
1.19 

3.29 
2.18 

3.29 
2.18 
2.53 
1.12 
1.19 

1.66 

3.29 
2.25 
1.98 
1.19 

3.29 

1.40 

Expiry  Date 
06/21/2015 
08/27/2015 
06/08/2016 
08/15/2016 
05/04/2017 
01/02/2017 

07/16/2015 
09/20/2015 
06/08/2016 
01/02/2017 
09/11/2017 
01/02/2019 
07/19/2019 

07/16/2015 
      11/22/2015 
06/08/2016 
08/15/2016 
05/04/2017 

11/22/2015 
07/08/2016 
08/15/2016 
05/04/2017 
01/02/2017 
01/02/2019 

06/08/2016 
05/04/2017 

06/08/2016 
05/04/2017 
11/22/2017 
01/02/2017 
01/02/2019 

06/18/2018 

06/08/2016 
06/08/2017 
04/04/2018 
01/02/2019 

06/08/2016 

10/10/2016 

Total Directors/Officers  (11  persons)(1) 
Total Employees/Consultants (9 persons) 
Total  Directors/Officers/Employees/Consultants 
(1) Dr. Smee resigned from the Company’s Board of Directors effective January 31, 2015.  Upon resignation as Director, all of Dr. Smee’s 
options were cancelled on M arch 2, 2015.  

5,110,000 
1,135,000 
6,245,000 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
No funds were set aside or accrued by the Company during Fiscal 2014 to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for 
directors or executive officers. 

General 
The Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”)  and the applicable Canadian securities law and regulation require that the 
Company  comply  with  National  Instrument  58-101 (Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices) or any 
replacement of that instrument.  The Company is also, under applicable Canadian securities law and regulation, 
required to comply with National Policy 58-201 (Corporate Governance Guidelines). National Instrument 58-101 
and National Policy 58-201 (for convenience referred to in the aggregate as the “guidelines”) deal with matters such 
as the constitution and independence of corporate boards, their functions, the effectiveness and education of the 
board members and other matters.  The Company’s statement as to compliance with the guidelines and its approach 
to corporate governance is set forth below. 

Corporate Governance  
The  Company’s  Board and management are committed to the highest standards of corporate governance. The 
Company’s  corporate  governance  practices  are  in  accordance  with  the  guidelines.  The  Company  is  also 
cognizant  of  and  compliant  with  various  corporate  governance  requirements  in  Canada  and  is  in  compliance 
with applicable  U.S. requirements. 

The  Company’s  prime  objective  in  directing  and  managing  its  business  and  affairs  is  to  enhance  shareholder 
value. The Company views effective corporate governance as a means of improving corporate performance and 
accordingly  of benefit to the Company and all  shareholders.  

The Company also believes that director and management honesty and integrity are essential factors in ensuring 
good and effective corporate governance.  To that end the Company’s directors have adopted various codes and 
policies  for the Company, its directors, officers, employees and consultants.  The codes and policies adopted to 
date  are  as  follows:  Audit  Committee  Charter,  Nominating  and  Corporate  Governance  Committee-
Responsibilities  and  Duties,  Compensation  Committee-Responsibilities  and  Duties,  Code  of  Business  Ethics, 
Code  of  Business  Conduct  and  Ethics  for  Directors,  Communications  Policy,  Securities  Trading  Policy, 
Whistleblowers Policy and Privacy Policy (the “Codes”).  The Codes may be viewed on the Company’s website 
at  www.almadenminerals.com.    The  Codes  may also be viewed as filed on EDGAR as an  exhibit to the 2005 
20-F Annual Report filed with the Commission on March 30, 2006.  Any amendments to the Codes or waivers 
of  the  provision  of  any  Codes  will  be  posted  on  the  Company’s  website  within  5  business  days  of  such 
amendment or waiver. 

Executive Officer Position Descriptions 

Chairman of the Board (‘Chairman’) 

Responsibilities: 

-Leads the Board  of Directors of the Company and also takes a hands-on role in the Company’s day-to-day 

management. 

-Helps  the  CEO  to  oversee  all  the  operational  aspects  involved in running the Company, including project 

selection and planning.   

-Takes  overall  responsibility  for  the  Company’s  direction  and  growth,  seeking  to  generate  significant 

financial  gains for the shareholders. 

-Oversees  relationships  with  the  communities and stakeholders in the areas where the Company operates, 

with the intent of ensuring the Company’s activities  are of benefit to all. 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer (‘CEO’) 

Reports to: 

The Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) 

Function: 
Provides  overall  leadership  and  vision  in  developing,  in  concert  with  the  Board,  the  strategic  direction  of  the 
Company and in developing  the tactics and business plans necessary to increase shareholder value. 

Manages the overall business to ensure strategic and business plans are effectively implemented, the results are 
monitored  and reported to the Board and financial  and operational objectives  are attained. 

Authorities, Duties and Responsibilities: 

(a)  General Functions: 

1. 

2. 

Provides effective leadership to the management and the employees of the Company and establishes 
an effective means of control and co-ordination  for all  operations and activities. 
Fosters  a  corporate  culture  that  promotes  ethical  practices,  integrity  and  a  positive  work  climate 
enabling  the Company to attract, retain and motivate a diverse group of quality  employees. 

3.  Keeps the Board fully informed  on the Company`s  operational  and financial  affairs.   
4.  Develops  and  maintains  a sound, effective organization structure and plans for capable management 
succession,  progressive  employee  training  and  development  programs  and  reports  to  the  Board  on 
these matters. 

5.  Ensures  that  effective  communications  and  appropriate  relationships  are  maintained  with  the 

shareholders of the Company and other stakeholders. 

6.  Develops capital expenditure plans for approval by the Board. 
7.  Turns any strategic plan as may be developed by the Board into a detailed operating plan.   

(b)  Strategy and Risks 

1.  Develops  and  recommends  to  the  Board  strategic  plans  to  ensure the Company`s profitable growth 
and overall success.  This includes updating and making changes as required and involving the Board 
in the early stages of developing  strategy. 
Identifies  in  conjunction  with  the  other senior officers and appropriate directors  of the Company  the 
key  risks  with  respect  to  the  Company  and  its businesses and reviews such risks and strategies for 
managing  them with the Board. 

2. 

3.  Ensures that the assets of the Company are adequately safeguarded and maintained. 

(c)  Exploration and Development 

Responsible  for  managing  the  day  to  day  activities  and  operating  management  of  the  Company  and  as 
such  shall  be  responsible  for  the  design,  operation  and  improvement  of  the  systems  that  create  the 
Company`s  exploration  and  development  opportunities.    The  CEO  accordingly  shall  have  the  primary 
responsibility: 
- 

To  direct  and  oversee  all  operational  activities  of  the  Company  including  exploration,  development, 
mining  and other such functions. 
To initiate  solutions  to the key business challenges of the Company. 
To  participate  in  sourcing  and  negotiating  financial  arrangements  for  the  further  expansion  and 
development  of  the  Company  including  joint  ventures,  mergers,  acquisitions,  debt  and  equity 
financing. 
Represent  and  speak  for  the  Company  with  shareholders,  potential  investors and other members of 
the industry. 

- 
- 

- 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(d)  Financial Reporting 

Oversees  the  quality  and  timeliness  of  financial  reporting.    Reports  to  the  Board  in  conjunction  with the 
CFO on the fairness and adequacy of the financial reporting  of the Company to its shareholders. 

Chief Financial Officer (‘CFO’)  

Reports to: 
The CEO of the Company 

Responsibilities: 

-  Developing,  analyzing  and reviewing  financial  data. 
-  Reporting  on financial  performance. 
-  Monitoring  expenditures and costs. 
-  Assisting  the  CEO  in  preparing  budgets  and  in  the  communicating  to  the  analyst  and  shareholder, 

community  and securities regulators, the financial  performance of the Company. 

-  Fulfilling  the reporting  requirements of the securities regulators, stock exchanges and shareholders. 
-  Monitoring  filing  of tax returns and payment of taxes. 

The CFO shall assist the CEO in establishing effective means of control and co-ordination of the operations and 
activities  of  the  Company  and  identifying,  in  conjunction  with  the  CEO,  the  key  risks  with  respect  to  the 
Company and its business and reviewing with the CEO the strategies for managing such risks and ensuring that 
the assets of the Company are adequately safeguarded and maintained. 

The  CFO,  in  conjunction  with  the  CEO,  shall  design  or  supervise  the  design  of  and  implement,  maintain  and 
periodically  evaluate  the  effectiveness  of  internal  controls  to  provide  reasonable  assurances  that  the  financial 
statements  of  the  Company are fairly presented in accordance with generally accepted financial standards and 
principles  and  that  disclosure  controls  are  in  place  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  material  information 
relating  to  the  financial  performance  of  the  Company  and  any  deficiencies  are  made  known  to  the  Audit 
Committee. 

Controller  

Reports to: 
The CEO and CFO of the Company 

Responsibilities: 
The Controller  is responsible  for: 

-  assisting in  developing,  analyzing  and reviewing  financial  data; 
-  assisting in  the reporting  on financial  performance; 
-  assisting in  the monitoring  expenditures and costs; 
-  assisting the CEO and CFO in  preparing budgets; and 
-  assisting in  fulfilling  the reporting  requirements of the securities regulators,  stock exchanges and   

shareholders. 

The Controller shall assist the CEO and CFO in establishing effective means of control and co-ordination of the 
operations  and  activities  of  the  Company  and  identifying,  in conjunction with the CEO and CFO, the key risks 
with respect to the Company and its business and reviewing with the CEO and CFO the strategies for managing 
such risks and ensuring  that the assets of the Company are adequately safeguarded and maintained 

The  Controller  in  conjunction  with  the  CEO  and  CFO  shall  assist  in  design  or  supervise  the  design  of  and 
implement,  maintain  and  periodically  evaluate  the  effectiveness  of  internal  controls  to  provide  reasonable 
assurances  that  the  financial  statements  of  the  Company  are  fairly  presented  in  accordance  with  generally 
accepted  accounting  standards  and  principles  and  that  disclosure  controls  are  in  place  to  provide  reasonable 
assurance that material information relating to the financial performance of the Company is made known to the 
CEO and CFO and that any deficiencies are made known to the Audit Committee. 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vice President, Corporate Development 

Reports to: 
The CEO of the Company 

Responsibilities: 
The Vice President, Corporate Development is responsible  for: 

-  Developing  and  managing  relationships  with  current  and  prospective  business  partners,  investment 

bankers, financial  analysts and the media; 

-  Preparing  and  presenting  comprehensive  reviews  and  analysis  of  business  opportunities  to  senior 

management and to the Board; 

-  Managing and developing  relationships  with new and existing  institutional  investors; 
-  Assisting  the CEO in preparing and presenting to investors, the executive team and the Board; 
-  Conducting  technical  and  financial  analysis  to  determine  the  impact  of  growth  opportunities  on  various 

metrics and to establish an execution plan as needed. 

The  Vice  President,  Corporate  Development  shall  assist  the  CEO  in  establishing  and  managing  relationships 
with  key  stakeholders,  identifying  and  analysing  new  growth  and  investment  opportunities,  as  well  as  the 
development,  communication and implementation of  corporate strategies related to executing the business plans 
of the Company. 

The  Vice  President,  Corporate  Development  in  conjunction  with  the  CEO  shall  represent  the  Company  at 
industry  functions  to  investors,  both  potential and existing, as well as ensure the Company is protected through 
due  diligence  activities  and  provide  reasonable  assurance  as  to  impact  of  emerging  business  opportunities  for 
the Company and interested parties through the use of technical and financial  analyses.   

Mandate of the Board  
The mandate of the Board is to supervise the management of the business and affairs of the Company and to act 
with  a  view  to  the  best  interests  of  the  Company.  In fulfilling its mandate, the Board, among other matters, is 
responsible  for: 

(a)  adopting a strategic  planning process  and approving, on at least an annual basis, a strategic plan, taking into 

(b) 

account the risk and opportunities of the Company’s business; 
identifying the principal risks of the Company’s business and implementing appropriate systems to manage 
such risks; 

(c)  satisfying itself, to the extent reasonably feasible, of the integrity of the CEO and other executive officers (if 
any) and ensuring that all such officers create a culture of integrity throughout the Company and developing 
programs of succession planning (including appointing,  training and monitoring  senior management); 
(d)  creating  the  Company’s  internal  control  and  management  information  systems  and  creating  appropriate 
policies for matters including communications, securities trading, privacy, audit, whistleblowing and codes of 
ethical conduct; 

(e)  managing  its  affairs  including  selecting  its  Chair,  nomination  of  candidates  for  election  to  the  Board, 

constituting committees of the Board and determining director compensation; and 

(f)  engaging any necessary internal and/or external advisors. 

In the Fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 there were five (5) meetings of the Board. The frequency of meetings 
as well as the nature of agenda items change, depending upon the state of the Company’s affairs and in light of 
opportunities or risks which the Company is subject to.  Table No. 9 indicates the number of meetings attended by 
each director. 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table No. 9 
Meetings Attended  

Director 

Duane Poliquin 
Morgan Poliquin 
Jack McCleary 
Joseph Montgomery 
Gerald G. Carlson 
Barry W. Smee(1) 
Mark T. Brown 
William  J. Worrall 

Number 
5 
5 
5 
4 
5 
5 
5 
3 

  (1) Dr. Smee resigned from the Company’s Board of Directors effective January 31, 2015 

The Chairman is the chair of meetings of the Board of directors and is not an independent director.  Meetings of 
the independent members of the Board may be held periodically as convened by the independent Board members. 
In Fiscal 2014, five (5) meetings of the independent Board members were convened. 

In carrying out its mandate, the Board  and each committee of the Board, relies primarily on management and its 
employees to provide it with regular detailed reports on the operations of the Company and its financial position.  
Certain members of management are also on the Board and provide the Board with direct access to information 
concerning their areas of responsibility.  Management personnel are also regularly asked to attend Board meetings 
to  provide  information,  answer  questions  and  receive  the  direction  of  the Board.  The reports and information 
provided to the Board enable them to monitor  and manage the risks associated with the Company’s operations and 
its compliance with legal and safety requirements, environmental issues and the financial position and liquidity of 
the Company.   

The  Board  discharges  its  responsibilities  directly  and  through  committees.  At  regularly  scheduled  meetings, 
members  of  the  Board  and  management  discuss  the  broad  range  of  matters  and  issues  relevant  to  the 
Company’s business interests and the Board is responsible for the approval of the Company’s Strategic Plan. In 
addition,  the  Board  receives  reports  from  management  on  the  Company’s  operational  and  financial 
performance.  Between  scheduled  meetings,  matters  requiring  Board  authorization  is  effected  by  means  of 
signed Consent Resolutions. 

Board Assessment  
The  Nomination  and  Corporate  Governance  Committee  reports  to  the  Board  periodically  on  the  evaluation of 
the Board’s performance and that of the individual directors. The Performance of the Chief Executive Officer is 
evaluated by the Compensation Committee. 

Composition of the Board 
The guidelines recommend that a board of directors be constituted with a majority of individuals who qualify as 
independent directors.  

In deciding whether a particular director is  independent, the Board examined the factual circumstances of each 
director  and  considered  them  in  the  context  of  many  factors, including the definitions in the guidelines and the 
requirements  and  policies  of  NYSE  MKT  Company  Guide  Rules.    The  current  Board  is  composed  of  seven 
members.    The  Board  believes  that  5  directors  would  be  considered  independent  -  Jack  McCleary,  Joseph 
Montgomery,  Gerald  Carlson,  William  J.  Worrall,  and  Mark  T.  Brown.    The  basis  for  determination  of 
independence  is  under  Canadian  securities  instrument  NI  52-110  and NYSE MKT Exchange Company Guide 
Rules.  

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company does not have a controlling or significant shareholder.  The Board believes that the membership of 
the Board fairly reflects the investment in the Company by minority shareholders. 

The Board considers its size and composition to be appropriate and effective for carrying out its responsibilities.  
However,  the  Board  may  consider  adding  an  additional director if a suitable candidate can be found who may 
bring additional  experience or knowledge to the Board. 

Board Committees 
The  Board  currently  has  three  committees:  the  Audit  Committee,  the  Nomination  and  Corporate  Governance 
Committee and the Compensation Committee.  Each member of each committee is an independent director.  Each 
committee is responsible for determining its own rules of procedure and may, from time to time, develop written 
descriptions  for  the  responsibilities  of  the  chair  of  such  committee.    No  written  descriptions  have  yet  been 
developed. 

Mandates  of  each  of  the  committees  and  the  Codes  undergo  review periodically (in some cases mandated as 
annually)  to  bring  them  into  line  with  changing  Canadian  and  U.S.  securities  and  corporate  governance 
requirements and to reflect amendments that may be considered appropriate to make them more effective.  Any 
the  Company’s  website  at 
revisions 
www.almadenminerals.com.  

and  Codes  will  be 

the  mandates 

available  on 

to 

Audit Committee 
The members of the Audit Committee are Messrs. Joseph Montgomery, Gerald Carlson and Mark T. Brown.  The 
Audit Committee has met  four (4) times during Fiscal 2014.  The full text of the initial Audit Committee Charter 
was filed as an exhibit to the 2003 20-F Annual Report with the Commission on May 11, 2004.  After review, the 
charter was altered to more properly define the functions of the Audit Committee.  The revised charter was filed as 
an exhibit to the 2005 20-F Annual Report with the Commission on March 30, 2006. 

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee 
The members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are Jack McCleary, Joseph Montgomery 
and Gerald Carlson. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has met five (5) times during Fiscal 
2013. The full text of the initial Corporate Governance Charter was filed as an exhibit to the 2003 20-F Annual 
Report with the Commission on May 11, 2004.  After review, the Responsibilities and Duties of the Nominating and 
Corporate  Governance  Committee  were  altered  to  more  properly  define  the  functions  of  the  Nominating  and 
Corporate  Committee.    The revised Responsibilities and  Duties are filed as an exhibit to the 2005 20-F Annual 
Report with the Commission on March 30, 2006.   

Compensation Committee 
The  members  of  the  Compensation  Committee  are  Jack McCleary, Joseph Montgomery, Mark T. Brown  and 
Gerald Carlson.  The Compensation Committee has met five (5) times during Fiscal 2014 with Jack McCleary and 
Gerald  Carlson  attending all  five  (5)  meetings  and  with  Joseph  Montgomery  attending  four  (4) of the five (5) 
meetings and Mark T. Brown attending three (3) of the five (5) meetings.  The Responsibilities and Duties of the 
Compensation Committee were filed as an exhibit to the 2005 20-F Annual Report with the Commission on March 
30, 2006. 

Decisions Requiring Board Approval 
In addition to those matters which must by law be approved by the Board, management is also required to seek 
Board approval for any major acquisition, disposition or expenditure.  Management is also required to consult with 
the Board before entering into any venture which is outside of the Company’s existing line of business. 

Changes  in  officers  are  to  be  approved by the Board including changes in officers of the Company’s principal 
operating subsidiaries. 

In  certain  circumstances  it  may  be  appropriate  for  an  individual  director  to  engage  an  outside  advisor  at  the 
expense  of  the  Company.    The  engagement  of  the  outside  advisor  would  be  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee. 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Communications and Investor Relations 
The Company has adopted a Communications Policy, the purpose and aim of which is as follows: 

(a)  Controls the communications  between the Company and its external stakeholders; 
(b)  Complies  with its continuous  and timely  disclosure  obligations; 
(c)  Avoids selective disclosure  of Company information; 
(d)  Protects and prevents the improper use or disclosure of material information  and  confidential  information; 
(e)  Educates  the  Company’s  personnel  on  the  appropriate  use  and  disclosure  of  material  information  and 

confidential  information; 

(f)  Fosters and facilitates compliance  with applicable  laws; and 
(g)  Creates formal Disclosure Officers to help achieve the above objectives. 

In  accordance  with  the  Communications  Policy  of  the  Company,  designated  Disclosure  Officers  receive  and 
respond  to  shareholder  enquiries.    Shareholder  enquiries  and  concerns  are  dealt  with  promptly  by  Disclosure 
Officers of the Company. 

Ethical Business Conduct 
The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors (“Code”), a Code of Business 
Ethics (“COBE”), a Securities Trading Policy and a Privacy Policy.  Employees and consultants are required as a 
term of employment to undertake to abide by the COBE.  Directors are by law bound to observe the Code adopted 
by the Board.   

All Directors, Officers and Employees (“Individuals”) sign an Annual Certification (“Certification”) stating they 
have read the Code of Business Ethics policy (“Policy”) of the Company and have complied with such Policy in all 
respects.  The Certification further acknowledges that all members of the Individual’s family, all other persons who 
live with the Individual  and all holding companies and other related entities of the Individual and all such persons or 
companies  acting  on  behalf  of  or  at  the  request  of  any  of  the  foregoing  also  complied  with  such Policy. The 
Certification  also  states  that  any  violation  of  such  Policy  may  constitute  grounds  for  immediate  suspension or 
dismissal. 

Each  director  is  expected  and  required  by  statute  to  act  honestly  and  in  good  faith  with  a  view  to  the  best 
interests of the Company and to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent individual would 
exercise in comparable circumstances and in  accordance with the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) 
and the Company’s Articles.  

Employees 
As of December 31, 2014, the Company operated with eight persons in Canada, of which five are administrative 
personnel and  three are exploration personnel, some of which are retained on a contractual basis. There are no 
full  time  employees  in  the  U.S.  or  Mexico.  None  of  the  Company’s  employees  are  covered  by  a  collective 
bargaining  agreement.   

Share Ownership  
Table No.  10 lists, as of March 30, 2015, directors and executive officers who beneficially own the Company's 
voting  securities  and  the  amount  of  the  Company’s  voting  securities  owned  by  the  directors  and  executive 
officers as a group. 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Title of 
Class 
Common 
Common 
Common 
Common 
Common 
Common 
Common 
Common 
Common 
Common 
Common 
Common 
(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

Table No. 10 
Shareholdings of Directors and Executive Officers 

Name of Beneficial Owner 
Duane Poliquin   
Morgan Poliquin 
Jack McCleary 
Gerald G. Carlson 
Joseph Montgomery 
Barry Smee 
Mark T. Brown 
William  J. Worrall 
Korm Trieu 
Dione Bitzer  
Doug McDonald 
Total Directors/Officers 

Amounts and Nature of 
Beneficial Ownership 
4,162,686(1)11) 
3,218,647(2)(11) 
587,550(3) 
330,000(4) 
400,000(5) 
65,000(6) 
339,050(7) 
262,500(8) 
357,500(9) 
162,200(10) 
164,500(12) 
10,076,663 

Percent of 
Class* 
5.57% 
4.28% 
0.80% 
0.45% 
0.54% 
0.09% 
0.46% 
0.36% 
0.49% 
0.22% 
0.22% 
13.49% 

Of these shares 1,110,000 represent currently exercisable stock options, 410,650 represent currently exercisable warrants 
and 69,300 of these shares are held indirectly by Hawk M ountain Resources Ltd., a private company of which Duane 
Poliquin is a shareholder. 
Of these shares 2,100,000 represent currently exercisable stock options.  83,600 of these shares are held indirectly through 
Kohima Pacific Gold Corp., a company owned by M r. Poliquin. 
Of  these  shares  275,000  represent  currently  exercisable  stock  options.  38,500  of  these  shares  are  held  indirectly by 
Connemara Resource Ventures Ltd., a company owned by M r. M cCleary. 

(4)                       Of these shares 250,000 represent currently exercisable stock options and 16,000 represent currently exercisable warrants. 
          Of these shares 250,000 represent currently exercisable stock options and 50,000 represent currently exercisable warrants. 
(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

(9) 

(10) 

(11) 

(12) 

Of these shares 5,000 represent currently exercisable warrants.  Dr. Smee resigned from the Board of Directors effective January 
31, 2015. 
Of these shares 250,000 represent currently exercisable stock options. 20,000 of these shares are held indirectly by Pacific 
Opportunity Capital Ltd. (“POC”), a company controlled by M r. Brown and his family which also holds 20,000 currently 
exercisable  warrants represented in these shares. 
Of these shares 250,000 represent currently exercisable stock options. 
Of these shares 350,000 represent currently exercisable stock options.  7,500 of these shares are held indirectly by M r. Trieu’s 
wife. 
Of these shares 125,000 represent currently exercisable stock options. 
Pursuant to a Voting Trust Agreement (Exhibit 3 to this 20-F Annual Report), Duane Poliquin and M organ Poliquin jointly hold 
voting power over 7,028,009 of the Company’s common shares otherwise legally and beneficially owned by M r. Ernesto 
Echavarria, as well as over any common shares issued to M r. Echavarria upon the exercise of his warrants to acquire an 
additional 2,800,000 of the Company’s common shares. 
Of these shares, 150,000 represent currently exercisable stock options.  7,500 of those shares are held indirectly by Shari 
Investments, an entity controlled by M r. M cDonald.  

*Based on 73,148,321 shares outstanding as of M arch 30, 2015 and stock options and warrants held by each beneficial owner. 

Item 7.     Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions 

The Company is a publicly owned Canadian company, the shares of which are owned by residents of the U.S., 
residents of Canada and other foreign residents. To the extent known by the directors and executive officers of 
the Company, the Company is not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another company.  Table No. 11 
lists, as of March 30, 2015, the only persons or companies beneficially owning more than 5% of the Company’s 
voting  securities.  

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table No. 11 
Shareholdings of Beneficial Owners  

Title of 
Class 
Common 
Common 
(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

Amounts and Nature of 
Beneficial Ownership 
4,162,686(1)(3) 

Name of Beneficial Owner 
Duane Poliquin 
Ernesto Echavarria 

Percent of 
Class* 
5.57% 
14.78% 
Of these shares 1,110,000 represent currently exercisable stock options, 410,650 represent currently exercisable warrants 
and 69,300 of these shares are held indirectly by Hawk M ountain Resources Ltd., a private company of which Duane 
Poliquin is a shareholder. 
Of these shares 3,127,000 represent currently exercisable warrants. 
Pursuant to a Voting Trust Agreement (Exhibit 3 to this 20-F Annual Report), Duane Poliquin and M organ Poliquin jointly hold 
voting power over 7,028,009 of the Company’s common shares otherwise legally and beneficially owned by M r. Ernesto 
Echavarria, as well as over any common shares issued to M r. Echavarria upon the exercise of his warrants to acquire an 
additional 2,800,000 of the Company’s common shares. 

10,809,009 

*Based on 73,148,321 shares outstanding as of M arch 30, 2015 and stock options and warrants held by each beneficial owner. 

Related party transactions 

Certain  geological,  technical,  professional  and  general  and  administrative  services  were  provided  to  the 
Company  by  the  Chairman  and/or  a  company  controlled  by  him.    Duane  Poliquin  operates  through  Hawk 
Mountain  Resources Ltd., a private company of which Duane Poliquin  is a shareholder. 

The  costs  of  such  services  for  Fiscal  2014  ended  December  31,  2014  were  $240,000,  Fiscal  2013  ended 
December 31, 2013 were $245,500,  and Fiscal 2012 ended December 31, 2012 were $327,488. 

Certain  officers  and  directors  of  the  Company  are  also  officers  or  directors  of  companies  with  which  the 
Company  has  agreements  and  may  not  be  considered  at  arm's-length  to  such  agreements.    However,  any 
agreement  or  any  to  be  negotiated  between  the  Company  and  such  other  companies  has  been  or  will  be 
approved by directors of the Company, in accordance with the common law and the provisions of the Business 
Corporations Act (British Columbia).  

(a)  Compensation of key management personnel 

Key management includes members of the Board,  the Chairman,  the President and Chief Executive Officer, the 
Chief  Financial  Officer  and  the  Vice  President,  Corporate  Development  (effective  September  22,  2014).  The 
aggregate compensation paid or payable to key management for services is as follows: 

Salaries, fees and benefits 
Share based compensation 
Directors’ fees 

February 28, 
2015 
$130,167(i) 
260,625(ii) 
48,000 
$438,792 

December 31, 
2014 
$    738,125(iii) 
469,500(iv) 
48,000 
$1,255,625 

December 31, 
2013 
$  690,700(v) 
340,250(vi) 
48,000 
$1,078,950 

December 31, 
2012 

$    828,488(vii) 
1,468,500(viii) 
39,000 
$2,335,988 

(i)  Hawk  Mountain  Resources  Ltd.  (“Hawk  Mountain”),  a  private  company  of  which  Duane  Poliquin  is  a 
shareholder, was paid $26,000 for geological services provided to the Company and is recorded in general 
exploration  expenses. 

(ii)  Comprised  of  695,000  options  granted pursuant to the Company’s stock option plan during the period, all 
of which vested on the grant date.  The value is based on the fair value of the awards ($0.38) calculated 
using  the Black – Scholes model at the January 6, 2015 grant date. 

(iii)  During  2014,  Hawk  Mountain  Resources  Ltd.  (“Hawk  Mountain”),  a  private  company  of  which  the 
Chairman  of  the  Company  is  a  shareholder,  was  paid  $240,000  (2013  -  $240,000; 2012  – $315,000) for 
geological  services provided to the Company and is recorded in general exploration  expenses.   

(iv)  Comprised  of  675,000  options  granted  pursuant  to  the  Company’s  stock  option  plan  during  2014,  all  of 
which  vested on the grant date.  The value of 375,000 option-based awards is based on the fair value of 
the awards ($0.76) calculated using the Black-Scholes model at the January 2, 2014 grant date.  The value 
of  150,000  option-based  awards  is  based  on  the  fair  value  of  the  awards  ($1.50)  calculated  using  the 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Black-Scholes model at the July 2, 2014 grant date. The value of 150,000 option based awards is based on 
the  fair  value  of  the  awards  ($1.40)  calculated  using  the  Black-Scholes  model  at  the  October 10, 2014 
grant date. 

(v)  Hawk  Mountain  Resources  Ltd.  (“Hawk  Mountain”),  a  private  company  of  which  Duane  Poliquin  is  a 
shareholder, was paid $40,000 for geological services provided to the Company and is recorded in general 
exploration  expenses. 

(vi)  Comprised  of  375,000  options  granted  pursuant  to  the  Company’s  stock  option plan during the period, all 
of  which  vested on the grant date.  The value is based on the fair value of the awards ($0.76) calculated 
using  the Black-Scholes model  at the January 2, 2014 grant date. 

(vii)  Hawk  Mountain  was  paid  $240,000  for  geological  services  provided  to  the  Company  and  is  recorded  in 

general exploration  expenses.  

(viii) Comprised  of  325,000  options granted pursuant to the Company’s stock option plan during the year, all of 
which vested on the grant date. The value of 75,000 option-based awards is based on the fair value of the 
awards  ($1.17)  calculated  using  the  Black-Scholes  model  at  the  April  3,  2013  grant  date.    The value of 
250,000  option-based  awards  is based on the fair value of the awards ($1.01) calculated using the Black-
Scholes model  at the June 18, 2013 grant date.  

(b)  Other related party transactions  

(a)  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014,  the  Company  paid  a  company  owned  by  Barry  Smee  $Nil 

(Fiscal 2013  - $1,500,  Fiscal 2012 - $Nil)  for consulting  services provided to the Company.  

(b)  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014,  the  Company  paid a company controlled by  Mark T. Brown 
and  his  family  $Nil  (Fiscal  2013  - $700  and  Fiscal  2012  -  $488)  for  accounting  services  provided  to the 
Company. 

(c)  During  the  year  ended  December  31, 2014, no payments were made to Hawk for marketing and general 
administration  services  provided  by  the  spouse  of  the Chairman.  (Fiscal 2013 - $6,300 and Fiscal 2012  - 
$12,000).   

(d)  During  the  year ended December 31, 2014, the Company employed the  Chairman’s daughter  for a salary 
of  $34,050  less  statutory  deductions  (Fiscal  2013  -  $34,000  and  2012  -  $62,216)  for  marketing  and 
administrative  services provided to the Company. 

Other than as disclosed above, there have been no transactions or proposed transactions, which have materially 
affected  or  will  materially  affect the Registrant in which any director, executive officer, or beneficial holder of 
more  than  10%  of  the  outstanding  common  stock,  or  any  of  their  respective  relatives,  spouses,  associates  or 
affiliates has had or will have any direct or material indirect interest. As stated above, management believes the 
transactions referenced above were on terms at least as favorable to the Company as the Company could have 
obtained from unaffiliated  parties. 

Item 8.     Financial Information 

The financial statements as required under Item 8 are attached hereto and found immediately following the text 
of this Annual Report.   

Legal Proceedings 
The  Company  knows  of  no  material,  active  or  pending  legal  proceedings  against  it;  nor  is  the  Company 
involved  as a plaintiff  in any material proceeding or pending  litigation. 

Dividends 
The  Company  has  not  declared  any  dividends  since  inception  and  does  not  anticipate  that  it  will  do  so  in the 
foreseeable future. The present policy of the Company is to retain future earnings for use in its operations and the 
expansion of its business. 

Significant Changes 
There have been no significant changes of financial condition since the most recent audited financial statements 
included  within  this Annual Report on Form 20-F. 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9.     Offer and Listing of Securities 

The Company's common shares trade on The Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") in Toronto, Ontario, Canada having 
the symbol "AMM” and on the NYSE MKT (formerly the American Stock Exchange) in New York, New York, 
U.S.A. having the symbol “AAU” and CUSIP #020283107. 

The Company’s common shares commenced trading on February 11, 2002 on TSX and December 19, 2005 on the 
American Stock Exchange, now the NYSE MKT.  

Table  No.  12 lists  the  high  and  low  prices  for  the  shares of Almaden Minerals Ltd. common stock on NYSE 
MKT for the  preceding five  years.  Table No.  13 lists the high and low prices for shares of Almaden Minerals 
Ltd. common stock on TSX for the preceding five years.  

Table No. 12 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Stock Trading Activity 
NYSE MKT 
 (expressed in US$) 

High 
$1.94 
3.25 
3.33 
5.35 
5.03 

Table No. 13 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Stock Trading Activity 
The Toronto Stock Exchange 
(expressed in C$) 

High 
$2.11 
3.19 
3.31 
5.17 
5.15 

Year Ended 
12/31/2014 
12/31/2013 
12/31/2012 
12/31/2011 
12/31/2010 

Year Ended 
12/31/2014 
12/31/2013 
12/31/2012 
12/31/2011 
12/31/2010 

Low 
$0.86 
1.03 
1.55 
2.00 
0.86 

Low 
$1.02 
1.08 
1.56 
2.08 
0.88 

Table  No.  14  lists  the  quarterly  high  and  low  prices  for  shares  of  Almaden  Minerals  Ltd.  common  stock  on 
NYSE MKT for the  two most recent full financial years. Table No. 15 lists the quarterly high and low prices for 
shares of Almaden Minerals Ltd. common stock on TSX for the two most recent full financial  years. 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table No. 14 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Stock Trading Activity 
NYSE MKT 
(expressed in US$) 

High 
$1.35 
1.64 
1.52 
1.94 
1.44 
2.08 
2.01 
3.25 
3.30 
3.06 
2.70 
3.33 

Table No. 15 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Stock Trading Activity 
The Toronto Stock Exchange 
(expressed in C$) 

High 
$1.48 
1.80 
1.64 
2.11 
1.49 
2.14 
2.05 
3.19 
3.25 
2.99 
2.67 
3.31 

Quarter Ended 
12/31/2014 
09/30/2014 
06/30/2014 
03/31/2014 
12/31/2013 
09/30/2013 
06/30/2013 
03/31/2013 
12/31/2012 
09/30/2012 
06/30/2012 
03/31/2012 

Quarter Ended 
12/31/2014 
09/30/2014 
06/30/2014 
03/31/2014 
12/31/2013 
09/30/2013 
06/30/2013 
03/31/2013 
12/31/2012 
09/30/2012 
06/30/2012 
03/31/2012 

Low 
$0.86 
1.27 
1.27 
1.17 
1.03 
1.32 
1.18 
1.85 
2.45 
1.55 
1.69 
2.33 

Low 
$1.02 
1.38 
1.37 
1.25 
1.08 
1.37 
1.22 
1.91 
2.35 
1.56 
1.76 
2.37 

Table  No.16  lists  the  high  and  low  prices  for  shares  of  Almaden  Minerals  Ltd.  common  stock  on 
NYSE  MKT  for  the  most  recent  six  months.  Table  No.  17  lists  the  high  and  low  prices  for  shares  of 
Almaden  Minerals  Ltd.  common  stock  on TSX  for the  most  recent  six  months. 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
Table No. 16 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Stock Trading Activity 
NYSE MKT 
 (expressed in US$) 

High 
$1.20 
1.27 
1.08 
1.18 
1.35 
1.64 

Table No. 17 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Stock Trading Activity 
The Toronto Stock Exchange 
(expressed in C$) 

High 
$1.52 
1.57 
1.22 
1.17 
1.48 
1.80 

Month Ended 
02/28/2015 
01/31/2015 
12/31/2014 
11/30/2014 
10/31/2014 
09/30/2014 

Month Ended 
02/28/2015 
01/31/2015 
12/31/2014 
11/30/2014 
10/31/2014 
09/30/2014 

Low 
$1.07 
0.94 
0.86 
0.97 
1.10 
1.30 

Low 
$1.33 
1.09 
1.02 
1.10 
1.24 
1.43 

The closing price of the Company’s common stock was $1.11 (US$) on the NYSE MKT and $1.34 (C$) on TSX on 
February 28, 2015. 
In  recent  years,  securities  markets  in Canada  and the  U.S. have experienced a high level of price and volume 
volatility, and the market price of many resource companies, particularly those considered speculative exploration 
companies,  have  experienced  wide  fluctuations  in  price  which  have  not  necessarily  been  related  to  operating 
performance or underlying asset values on prospects of such companies.  Exploration for gold and other minerals is 
considered high risk and highly speculative in the resource industry and the trading market for precious and base 
metal exploration companies is characteristically volatile, with wide fluctuations of price and volume only in part 
related to progress of exploration.  There can be no assurance that continual fluctuations in the Company’s share 
price and volume will not occur. 

The Company's common stock is issued in registered form and the following information is from the Company’s 
registrar  and  transfer agent, Computershare Investor Services Inc.  located in Vancouver, British Columbia and 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 

On February 28, 2015, the shareholders' list for the Company’s common shares showed 250 registered shareholders 
and  73,148,331  shares  outstanding.  196  of  these registered shareholders are U.S. residents, owning  17,431,732 
shares representing 24% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock.  45 of these registered shareholders 
are  Canadian  residents,  owning  55,211,553 shares  representing  75.5%  of  the issued and outstanding shares of 
common stock.  9 of these registered shareholders are of other countries, owning 505,046 shares representing 0.5% 
of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock.   

Table No. 18 lists changes, if any, in  issued shares to March 30, 2015: 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table No. 18 
Shares Issued to March 30, 2015 

Balance, December 31, 2014 
Balance, March 30, 2015 

Item 10.      Additional Information 

Number 
68,728,321 
73,148,321 

Flow-Through Shares 
The  Company’s  common  shares  are  not  normally  flow-through  shares  but  the  Company  has  issued  flow-
through shares pursuant to private placements of the Company’s common shares.  There were no flow-through 
shares issued in Fiscal 2014 and Fiscal 2013.  In Fiscal 2011, the Company issued 100,000 flow-through shares.  
Flow-through  shares  differ  from  other  common  shares  in  one  aspect  only,  namely  the  tax  benefits connected 
with the expenditures associated with the funds raised through the sale of   flow through shares  flow through to 
the shareholder rather than the Company;  all other rights of the shareholder remain unchanged. Companies must 
specifically  identify  the  expenditures  associated  with  the  funds  raised through the sale of flow-through shares.  
Companies  raising  capital  through  flow-through  shares  must  expend  the  funds  on  qualifying  natural  resources 
exploration  in  Canada.    These  tax  benefits are available only to shareholders residing in Canada. Shareholders 
residing in the  U.S. and other non-Canadian shareholders, receive no tax benefits through the purchase of flow-
through shares. 

Memorandum and Articles  
At  the  Annual  and  Special  General  meeting  of  the  Company  held  on  May  18,  2005,  shareholders  passed 
appropriate resolutions to complete the transition procedures in accordance with the Business Corporations Act 
(British  Columbia),  (the  “BCBCA”),  to  increase  the  number  of  common  shares  which  the  Company  is 
authorized  to  issue  to an unlimited number of common shares and to cancel the Company’s Articles and adopt 
new Articles to take advantage of provisions of the BCBCA.  The BCBCA was adopted in British Columbia on 
March 29, 2004 replacing  the Company Act (the “Former Act”).  The BCBCA requires the provisions formerly 
required in the Memorandum to be in the Articles. The BCBCA eliminates the requirement for a Memorandum. 

The revised Articles were filed as an exhibit to the 2005 20-F Annual Report with the Commission on March 30, 
2006. 

The Articles replace the Memorandum and Articles as filed with the Commission  on May 17, 2002. 

Articles  
The  Company  was  formed  through  the  amalgamation  of  Fairfield  Minerals  Ltd.  and  Almaden  Resources 
Corporation  effective  December  31,  2001  under  the  Company Act of British Columbia (the “Company Act”). 
On  March  29,  2004,  British  Columbia  adopted  the  Business  Corporations  Act  (British  Columbia)  (the 
“BCBCA”)  to  replace  the  Company  Act.  Companies  registered  under  the  Company  Act  are  required  to 
transition  to  the  BCBCA.  At  the  Annual  and Special General meeting of the Company held on May 18, 2005, 
shareholders  passed  appropriate  resolutions  to  complete  the  transition  procedures  to  cancel  the  Company’s 
Articles  and  adopt  new  Articles,  which  includes  an  increase  of  the  number  of  common  shares  which  the 
Company  is  authorized  to  issue  to  an  unlimited  number  of  common  shares.  The  Company’s  new  Articles 
became effective in June 2005 (the “Articles”). 

The Articles contain no restrictions on the business the Company may carry on. 

Under  the  Articles,  if  a  director has a disclosable interest in a contract or transaction, such director is liable to 
account to the Company for any profits that accrue to the director as a result of the contract or transaction unless 
disclosure  is  made thereof and the contract or transaction is approved in accordance with the provisions of the 
BCBCA and a director is not entitled to vote on any director’s resolution to approve that contract or transaction 
unless  all  of  the  directors  have  a  disclosable  interest  in  that contract or transaction, in which case all of those 
directors may vote on such resolution. 

A  director  may  hold  any  office  or  place  of  profit  with the Company in conjunction with the office of director, 
and  no  director  shall  be  disqualified  by  his  office  from  contracting  with  the  Company.  A  director  or  his  firm 
may  act  in  a  professional  capacity  for  the  Company  and  he  or  his  firm  shall  be  entitled  to  remuneration  for 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
professional services. A director may become a director or other officer or employee of, or otherwise interested 
in,  any  company or  firm  in  which the Company may be interested as a shareholder or otherwise. The director 
shall  not  be  accountable  to  the  Company  for  any  remuneration  or  other  benefits  received  by  him  from  such 
other company or firm unless the Company in general meeting directs otherwise.  

Under  the  Articles  the  directors  must  manage or supervise the management of the business and affairs of the 
Company  and  have  the  authority  to  exercise  all  such  powers  which  are  not  required  to  be  exercised  by  the 
shareholders,  or  as  governed  by  the  BCBCA.  Under  the  Articles  the  directors may, by resolution, create and 
appoint one or more committees consisting of such member or members of their body as they think fit and may 
delegate to any such committee such powers of the Board as the Board may designate or prescribe.  

The Articles provide that the  quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of the directors may be fixed 
by  the  directors  and  if  not  so  fixed  shall  be  a  majority  of  the  directors.  The  continuing  directors  may, 
notwithstanding  any  vacancy  in  their  body,  but  if  and  so  long  as  their  number  is  reduced  below  the  number 
fixed  pursuant  to  the  Articles  as  the  necessary quorum of directors, act only for the purpose of increasing the 
number  of  directors  to  that  number,  or  of  summoning  a  general  meeting  of  the  Company,  but  for  no  other 
purpose. 

The Articles provide  that the directors may, on behalf of the Company: 

•  Borrow money in a manner and amount, on any security, from any source and upon any terms 

• 

and conditions; 
Issue  bonds,  debentures,  and  other  debt  obligations  either  outright  or  as  security  for  any 
liability  or obligation  of the Company or any other person; 

•  Guarantee the repayment of money by any other person or the performance of any obligation 

of any other person; and 

•  Mortgage, charge, or give other security, on the whole or any part of the property or assets of 

the Company, both present and future. 

There are no age limit requirements pertaining  to the retirement or non-retirement of directors. 

A director need not be a shareholder of the Company. 

The  Articles  provide  for  the  mandatory  indemnification  of  Directors,  Officers,  former  officers  and  directors, 
alternate  directors,  as  well  as  their  respective  heirs  and  personal  or  other  legal  representatives,  or  any  other 
person, to the greatest extent permitted by the BCBCA. The indemnification includes the mandatory payment of 
expenses  and,  in  furtherance  thereof,  the  Company  is  party  to  indemnification  agreements  with  such 
individuals. The directors may cause the Company to purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of eligible 
parties. 

The rights, preferences and restrictions attaching to each class of the Company’s shares are as follows: 

Common Shares 

The authorized share structure  of the Company  consists of an unlimited number of common shares without par 
value. All the shares of common stock of the Company are of the same class and, once issued, rank equally as to 
dividends, voting powers, and participation in assets.  Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each 
share held of record on all matters to be acted upon by the shareholders.  Holders of common stock are entitled 
to receive such dividends as may be declared from time to time by the Board of Directors, in its discretion, out 
of funds legally  available  therefore. 

Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of common stock are entitled to receive pro 
rata the assets of the Company, if any, remaining after payments of all debts and liabilities.  No shares have been 
issued  subject  to  call  or  assessment.    There  are  no  pre-emptive  or  conversion  rights  and  no  provisions  for 
redemption or purchase for cancellation, surrender, or sinking or purchase funds.  

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Directors may by resolution make any changes in the authorized share structure as may be permitted under 
Section 54 of the BCBCA, and may by resolution of the Directors make or authorize the making of any alterations 
to the Articles and the Notice of Articles as may be required by such changes. 

The Company may by ordinary resolution, create or vary special rights and restrictions as provided in Section 58 of 
the BCBCA. No alteration will be valid as to any part of the issued shares of any class unless the holders of all the 
issued shares of that class consent to the alteration in writing or consent by special separate resolution. 

An annual general meeting shall be held once every calendar year at such time (not being more than 15 months after 
holding  the last preceding annual meeting) and place as may be determined by the Directors. The Directors may, as 
they  see  fit,  convene  an  extraordinary  general  meeting.  An  extraordinary  general  meeting,  if  requisitioned  in 
accordance with the BCBCA, shall be convened by the Directors or, if not convened by the Directors, may be 
convened by the requisitionists as provided in the BCBCA. 

There are no limitations upon the rights to own securities. 

There are no provisions in the Articles that would have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in 
control of the Company.  

There  is  no  special  ownership  threshold  above  which  an  ownership  position  must be disclosed. However, any 
ownership  level  above  10%  must  be  disclosed  by news release and notices filed in accordance with Canadian 
Securities Laws and by notices to the Toronto Stock Exchange.   

A  copy  of  the  Company’s  new  articles was filed as an exhibit to the 2005 Form 20-F Annual Report with the 
Commission on March 30, 2006. 

Shareholder Rights Plan 
On April 13, 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement (the “Rights 
Plan”) between the Company and Computershare Investor Services Inc. (“Computershare”) as Rights Agent.  The 
Rights Plan was subsequently approved by the shareholders of the Company at the Annual General and Special 
Meeting  held  June  28,  2011  and reconfirmed by the shareholders of the Company at the 2014 Annual General 
Meeting.  The primary objective of the Rights Plan is to ensure, to the extent possible, that all shareholders of the 
Company are treated fairly in connection with any take-over bid for the Company by (a) providing shareholders 
with adequate time to properly assess a take-over bid without undue pressure and (b) providing the Board with more 
time  to  fully  consider  an  unsolicited  take-over  bid,  and,  if  applicable,  to  explore other alternatives to maximize 
shareholder value. 

The full text of the Rights Plan was filed under cover  of Form 6-K with the Commission on  April 15, 2011 and 
is also available  on SEDAR and the Company’s website.   

Advance Notice Policy 
On January 28, 2013  the Company’s Board of Directors approved and adopted an Advance Notice Policy (the 
“Policy”)  which,  among  other  things,  includes  a  provision  that  requires  advance  notice  to  the  Company  in 
circumstances where nominations of persons for election to the Board, of Directors are made by shareholders of 
the  Company  other  than  pursuant  to:  (i)  a  requisition  of  a  meeting  made  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  the 
Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “Act”): or (ii) a shareholder proposal made pursuant to the 
provisions  of the Act. 

The Policy, among other things, fixes a deadline by which holders of record of common shares of the Company 
must submit director nominations to the Company prior to any annual or special meeting of shareholders and set 
forth the information that a shareholder must include in the notice to the Company for the notice to be in proper 
written form. 

In  the  case  of  an  annual  meeting  of  shareholders,  notice  to  the  Company  must  be  made not less than 30 nor 
more  than  65  days  prior  to  the  date  of  the  annual  meeting;  provided,  however,  that  in  the  event  the  annual 
meeting is to be held on a date that is less than 50 days after the date on which the first public announcement of 
the  date  of  the  annual meeting was made, notice may be made not later than the close of business on the 10th 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
day following  such public  announcement. 

In  the  case  of  a special meeting of shareholders (which is not also an annual meeting), notice to the Company 
must  be  made  not  later  than  the  close  of  business  on  the  15th  day  following  the day on which the first public 
announcement of the date of the special meeting was made. 

The  full  text  of  the  Advance  Notice  Policy  is  filed  as  an  exhibit  to  the  2012  20F  Annual  Report  with  the 
Commission  on March 28, 2013. 

Multiple Voting Policy for Uncontested Elections of Directors 
The  Board  believes  that  each  of  its  members  should  carry  the  confidence  and  support  of  the  Company’s 
shareholders  and,  accordingly,  has  adopted  a  Majority  Voting  Policy  for  the  election  of  directors  for  non-
contested  meetings.    The  Majority  Voting  Policy  provides  that,  in  a non-contested election of directors, voting 
will  be  by  ballot  and, if the number of shares “withheld” for any nominee exceeds the number of shares voted 
“for”  the  nominee,  then,  notwithstanding  that  such  director  is  duly elected as a matter of corporate law, he or 
she  shall,  within  five  days  following  the  date  of  the  final  scrutineer’s  report  on  the  ballot,  tender  his  or  her 
written  resignation  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Board.    A  “non-contested  election”  means  an  election  where  the 
number  of nominees for director is not greater than the number of directors to  be elected.  Under the Majority 
Voting  Policy,  the  Nomination  and  Corporate  Governance  Committee  will  consider  such  offer  of  resignation 
and  will  make  a  recommendation  to the Board concerning the acceptance or rejection of the resignation.  The 
Board  will  take  formal  action  on  the  Nomination  and Corporate Governance Committee’s recommendation no 
later  than  90  days following the date of the applicable shareholders’ meeting and will announce its decision via 
press  release.    If the Board declines to accept the  resignation, it will include in the press release the reason or 
reasons  for  its  decision.    No  director  who  is  required  to  tender  his  or  her  resignation  shall  participate  in  the 
Nomination  and  Corporate  Governance  Committee’s  deliberations  or  recommendations  or  in  the  Board’s 
deliberations  or  determination.    If  a  resignation  is  accepted  by  the  Board,  and  subject  to  any  corporate  law 
restrictions,  the  Board  may  leave  any  resulting  vacancy  unfilled  until  the  Company’s  next  annual  general 
meeting,  or  may appoint a new director to fill the vacancy who the Board considers to merit the confidence of 
the shareholders, or may call a special meeting of shareholders at which there will be presented a management 
nominee  or  nominees  to  fill  the  vacant  position  or  positions.    At  the  2013  Annual  General  Meeting,  the 
shareholders approved the Majority Voting  Policy. 

Material Contracts 
The following is a summary of each material contract, other than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of 
business,  to  which  we  or  any  member  of  the  group  is  a  party,  for  the  two  years  preceding  the  date  of  this 
document. 

1.   Advance Notice Policy dated January 28, 2013 whereby the Policy, among other things, includes a provision 
that requires advance notice to the Company in circumstances where nominations of persons for election to the 
Board of Directors are made by shareholders of the Company.  The full text of the  Policy is filed as an exhibit 
to the 2012 20F Annual Report with the Commission  on March 28, 2013. 

2.  Executive Compensation Contract dated effective as of January 29, 2013 between the Company and Hawk 
Mountain  Resources  Ltd.  (“Hawk”)  whereby  Hawk  agrees  to  provide  the  services  of  Duane  Poliquin  as 
Executive  Chairman  for  a  term  of  2  years  renewable  for  two  additional  successive  terms  of  24  months  for 
remuneration  of  $240,000  per  annum.    The  full  text  of  the  Executive  Compensation  Contract  is  filed  as  an 
exhibit  to the 2012 20F Annual Report with the Commission  on March 28, 2013. 

3.  Executive Compensation Contract dated effective as of January 29, 2013 between the Company and Morgan 
Poliquin  (“Poliquin”) whereby Poliquin agrees to provide the services of President and Chief Executive Officer 
for a term of 2 years renewable for two additional successive terms of 24 months for remuneration of $265,000 
per annum.  The full text of the Executive Compensation Contract is filed as an exhibit to the 2012 20F Annual 
Report with the Commission  on March 28, 2013. 

4.    Assignment  of  Rights Agreement dated March 11, 2013 between the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, 
Compania  Minera Zapata, S.A. de C.V., and Don David Gold Mexico, S.A. de C.V.  (“Don David”) whereby 
Don  David  purchased  the  Company’s  100%  interest  in  the  San  Pedro  and  Fuego  prospects  by  paying 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
US$100,000 plus Added Value Tax plus US$16,555 being Don David’s pro-rata share of the mineral taxes paid 
on January 31, 2013 together with a 2% NSR.  The full text of the Assignment of Rights Agreement is filed as 
an exhibit  to the 2013 20F Annual Report with the Commission  on March 25, 2014. 

5.  Sale and Purchase Agreement dated June 20, 2013 between the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, 
Minera Gavilan, S.A. de C.V. and Almaden America Inc., and Tarsis Resources Ltd. (“Tarsis”) whereby Tarsis 
purchased the Company’s 100% interests in the Yago, Mezquites, Cofradia, Llano Grande, BP and Black Jack 
Springs prospects issuing 4,000,000  shares of Tarsis to the Company together with a 2% NSR.  The full text of 
the Sale and Purchase Agreement was furnished to the Commission under cover of Form 6-K on June 20, 2013. 

6.    Amendment  Agreement  dated  November  26,  2013  between  the  Company’s  wholly-owned  subsidiary, 
Minera  Gavilan,  S.A.  de  C.V.,  Candymin,  S.A.  de  C.V.  (“Candymin”)  and  Mr.  Charlie  Edward  Warren 
(“Warren”)  whereby  the Company and Candymin obtained a reduction in a royalty with respect to the Caballo 
Blanco  prospect  for  total  payment  to  Warren  of  US$750,000  (the  Company  US$350,000/Candymin 
US$400,000) and the Company issuing Warren 20,000 shares of the Company. The full text of the Amendment 
of  Rights  Agreement  is  filed  as  an  exhibit  to  the 2013 20F Annual Report with the Commission on March  25, 
2014. 

Exchange controls  
Except  as  discussed  above,  the  Company  is  not aware of any Canadian federal or provincial laws, decrees or 
regulations  that  restrict  the  export  or  import  of  capital,  including  foreign  exchange  controls,  or  that  affect  the 
remittance  of interest, dividends or other payments to non-Canadian holders of the common shares.  There are 
no  limitations  on  the  right  of  non-Canadian  owners  to  hold  or  vote  the  common  shares  imposed  by  Canadian 
federal or provincial  law or by the charter or other constituent documents of the Company. 

The Investment Canada Act (the "IC Act") governs acquisitions of Canadian business by a non-Canadian person 
or entity. The  IC Act requires a non-Canadian (as defined in the IC Act) making an investment to acquire control 
of  a Canadian business, the gross assets of which exceed certain defined threshold levels, to file an application 
for review with the Investment Review Division of Industry Canada.  The  IC Act provides, among other things, 
for  a  review  of  an  investment  in  the  event  of  acquisition  of  "control"  in  certain  Canadian  businesses  in  the 
following  circumstances: 

1.  If the investor is  a non-Canadian and is a national of a country belonging to the North American Free Trade 
Agreement  ("NAFTA")  and/or  the  World  Trade  Organization  ("WTO")  ("NAFTA  or  WTO  National"),  any 
direct  acquisition  having  an  asset  value  exceeding  $179,000,000  is  reviewable.  This  amount  is  subject  to  an 
annual  adjustment  on  the  basis of a prescribed formula in the  IC Act to reflect inflation and real growth within 
Canada.  This threshold level does not apply in certain sections of Canadian industry, such as uranium, financial 
services (except insurance), transportation services and cultural services (i.e. the publication, distribution or sale 
of  books,  magazines,  periodicals  (other  than  printing  or  typesetting  businesses),  music  in  print  or  machine 
readable  form,  radio,  television,  cable  and  satellite  services;  the  publication,  distribution,  sale  or  exhibition  of 
film  or video recordings on audio or video music recordings), to which lower thresholds as prescribed in the  IC 
Act are applicable. 

2.    If  the  investor  is  a  non-Canadian  and  is  not  a NAFTA or WTO National, any direct acquisition having an 
asset  value  exceeding  $5,000,000  and  any  indirect  acquisition  having  an  asset  value  exceeding  $50,000,000  is 
reviewable. 

3.    If  the  investor  is  a  non-Canadian  and  is  a NAFTA  or  WTO  National,  an  indirect  acquisition of control is 
reviewable  if  the value of the assets of the business located in Canada represents more than 50% of the asset 
value  of  the  transaction  or  the  business  is  involved  in  uranium,  financial  services,  transportation  services  or 
cultural  services (as set forth above). 

Finally,  certain transactions prescribed in the IC Act are exempted from review altogether. 

In  the  context  of  the  Company,  in  essence,  three  methods  of  acquiring  control  of  a  Canadian  business  are 
regulated by the  IC Act: (i) the acquisition of all or substantially all of the assets used in carrying on business in 
Canada;  (ii)  the acquisition, directly or indirectly, of voting shares of a Canadian company carrying on business 
in  Canada;  or  (iii)  the  acquisition  of  voting  shares  of  an  entity  which  controls,  directly  or  indirectly,  another 
entity carrying on business in Canada. 

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An acquisition of a majority of the voting shares of a Canadian entity, including a company, is deemed to be an 
acquisition  of  control  under  the  IC  Act.    However,  under  the  IC  Act,  there  is  a  rebuttable  presumption  that 
control  is  acquired  if  one-third  of  the voting shares of a Canadian company or an equivalent undivided interest 
in the voting shares of such company are held by a non-Canadian person or entity.  An acquisition of less than 
one-third  of  the  voting  shares  of  a  Canadian  company  is  deemed  not  to  be  an  acquisition  of  control.    An 
acquisition  of  less  than  a  majority,  but  one-third  or  more,  of  the  voting  shares  of  a  Canadian  company  is 
presumed  to  be  an  acquisition  of  control  unless  it  can  be  established  that,  on  the  acquisition,  the  Canadian 
company  is  not,  in  fact,  controlled  by  the  acquirer  through  the  ownership  of  voting  shares.  For  partnerships, 
trusts,  joint  ventures  or  other  unincorporated  Canadian  entities,  an  acquisition  of  less  than  a  majority  of  the 
voting  interests is deemed not to be an acquisition  of control. 

In  addition,  if  a  Canadian  company  is  controlled  by  a  non-Canadian,  the  acquisition  of  control  of  any  other 
Canadian  company  by  such  company may be subject to the prior approval of the Investment Review Division, 
unless  it  can  be  established  that  the  Canadian  company  is  not  in  fact  controlled  by  the  acquirer  through  the 
ownership of voting  shares. 

Where an investment is reviewable under the  IC Act, the investment may not be implemented unless it is likely 
to be of net benefit to Canada.  If an applicant is unable to satisfy the Minister responsible for Industry Canada 
that  the  investment is likely to be of net benefit to Canada, the applicant may not proceed with the investment.  
Alternatively,  an  acquirer  may  be  required  to  divest control of the Canadian business that is the subject of the 
investment. 

In addition to the foregoing, the  IC Act provides for formal notification under the  IC Act of all other acquisitions 
of control of Canadian businesses by non-Canadian investors. 

The  notification  process  consists  of  filing  a  notification  within  30  days  following  the  implementation  of  an 
investment,  which notification  is for information,  as opposed to review, purposes. 

Taxation 
The  following  summary  of  the  material  Canadian  federal  income  tax  consequences  generally  applicable  in 
respect of the common stock reflects the Company’s opinion.  The tax consequences to any particular holder of 
common  stock  will  vary  according  to  the status of that holder as an individual, trust, company or member of a 
partnership,  the  jurisdiction  in  which  that  holder  is  subject  to  taxation,  the  place  where  that  holder  is  resident 
and,  generally,  according  to  that  holder’s particular circumstances.  This summary is applicable only to holders 
who are resident in the U.S., have never been resident in Canada, deal at arm’s length with the Company, hold 
their  common stock as capital property and who will not use or hold the common stock in carrying on business 
in Canada.  Special rules, which are not discussed in this summary, may apply to a U.S. holder that is an issuer 
that carries on business in Canada and elsewhere. 

This  summary  is  based  upon  the  provisions  of  the  Income  Tax  Act of Canada and the regulations thereunder 
(collectively, the "Tax Act" or “ITA”)and the Canada-United States Tax Convention (the “Tax Convention”) as 
at  the date of the Registration Statement and the current administrative practices of Canada Revenue Agency.  
This summary does not take into account Provincial  income tax consequences.  

Each  holder  should  consult  his own tax advisor with respect to the income tax consequences applicable to him 
in his own particular circumstances. 

Certain Canadian Federal Income Tax Consequences  
The  discussion  under  this  heading  summarizes  the  principal  Canadian  federal  income  tax  consequences  of 
acquiring, holding and disposing of shares of common stock of the Company for a shareholder of the Company 
who is not a resident of Canada but is a resident of the U.S. and who will acquire and hold shares of common 
stock of the Company as capital property for the purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the “Canadian Tax 
Act”). This summary does not apply to a shareholder who carries on business in Canada through a “permanent 
establishment” situated in Canada or performs independent personal services in Canada through a fixed base in 
Canada if the shareholder’s holding in the Company is effectively connected with such permanent establishment 
or fixed base.  This summary is based on the provisions of the Canadian Tax Act and the regulations thereunder 
and on an understanding of the administrative practices of Canada  Revenue Agency, and takes into account all 
specific proposals to amend the Canadian Tax Act or regulations made by the Minister of Finance of Canada as 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
of  the  date hereof.  It has been assumed that there will be no other relevant amendment of any governing law 
although  no  assurance  can  be  given  in  this  respect.  This  discussion  is  general  only  and  is  not a substitute for 
independent  advice from a shareholder’s own Canadian and U.S. tax advisors. 

The provisions of the Canadian Tax Act are subject to income tax treaties to which Canada is a party, including 
the Canada-United States Income Tax Convention (1980),  as amended (the “Convention”). 

Dividends on Common Shares and Other Income 
Under  the  Canadian Tax Act, a non-resident of Canada is generally subject to Canadian withholding tax at the 
rate  of  25  percent  on  dividends  paid  or  deemed  to  have  been  paid  to  him  or  her  by  a  company  resident  in 
Canada.  The Company is responsible for withholding of tax at the source.  The Convention limits the rate to 15 
percent if the shareholder is a resident of the U.S. and the dividends are beneficially owned by and paid to such 
shareholder,  and to 5 percent if the shareholder is also a company that beneficially owns at least 10 percent of 
the voting  stock of the payor company. 

The amount of a stock dividend (for tax purposes) would generally be equal to the amount by which the paid up 
or stated capital of the Company had increased by reason of the payment of such dividend.  The Company will 
furnish additional tax information to shareholders in the event of such a dividend.  Interest paid or deemed to be 
paid  on  the  Company’s  debt  securities  held  by  non-Canadian  residents  may  also  be  subject  to  Canadian 
withholding  tax, depending  upon the terms and provisions  of such securities and any applicable  tax treaty. 
The  Convention  generally  exempts  from  Canadian  income  tax  dividends  paid  to  a  religious,  scientific, literary, 
educational  or  charitable  organization  or to an organization constituted and operated exclusively to administer a 
pension, retirement  or employee benefit fund or plan, if the organization is a resident of the U.S. and is exempt 
from income tax under the laws of the U.S. 

Dispositions of Common Shares 
Under the Canadian Tax Act, a taxpayer’s capital gain or capital loss from a disposition of a share of common 
stock of the Company is the amount, if any, by which his or her proceeds of disposition exceed (or are exceeded 
by,  respectively)  the  aggregate  of  his  or  her  adjusted  cost  base  of  the  share  and  reasonable  expenses  of 
disposition.  The capital gain or loss must be computed in Canadian currency using a weighted average adjusted 
cost base for identical properties. There are special transitional rules to apply capital losses against capital gains 
that  arose  in different periods.  The amount by which a shareholder’s capital loss exceeds the capital gain in a 
year  may  be  deducted  from  a  capital  gain  realized  by  the  shareholder  in  the  three  previous  years  or  any 
subsequent year, subject to certain restrictions in the case of a corporate shareholder. 

Under the Canadian Tax Act, a non-resident of Canada is subject to Canadian tax on taxable capital gains, and 
may  deduct  allowable  capital  losses,  realized  on  a  disposition  of  "taxable  Canadian  property."    Shares  of 
common stock of the Company will constitute taxable Canadian property of a shareholder at a particular time if 
the  shareholder  used  the  shares  in  carrying  on  business  in  Canada,  or  if  at  any  time  in  the  five  years 
immediately  preceding  the  disposition  25%  or  more  of  the  issued  shares  of  any  class  or  series  in  the  capital 
stock of the Company belonged to one or more persons in a group comprising the shareholder and persons with 
whom the shareholder and persons with whom the shareholder did not deal at arm’s length and in certain other 
circumstances.   

The  Convention  relieves  U.S.  residents  from  liability for Canadian tax on capital gains derived on a disposition 
of shares unless 

(a)    the  value  of the shares is derived principally from “real property” in Canada, including the right to explore 
for or exploit  natural resources and rights to amounts computed by reference to production, 

(b) the shareholder was resident in Canada for 120 months during any period of 20 consecutive years preceding, 
and  at  any  time  during  the  10 years immediately preceding, the disposition and the shares were owned by him 
when he or she ceased to be resident in Canada, or 

(c) the shares formed part of the business property of a “permanent establishment” that the holder has or had in 
Canada within the 12 months preceding the disposition. 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  Convention  relieves  U.S.  residents  from  liability for Canadian tax on capital gains derived on a disposition 
of shares unless 

(a)  the  value  of  the  shares  is  derived  principally  from “real property” in Canada, including the right to explore 
for or exploit  natural resources and rights to amounts computed by reference to production, 

(b) the shareholder was resident in Canada for 120 months during any period of 20 consecutive years preceding, 
and  at  any  time  during  the  10 years immediately preceding, the disposition and the shares were owned by him 
when he or she ceased to be resident in Canada, or 

(c) the shares formed part of the business property of a “permanent establishment” that the holder has or had in 
Canada within the 12 months preceding the disposition. 

Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences 
The  following  is  a  discussion  of  material  U.S. federal income tax consequences generally applicable to a U.S. 
Holder (as defined below) of common shares of the Company. This discussion does not cover any state, local or 
foreign tax consequences. 

The  following  discussion  is  based  upon  the  sections  of  the  Internal  Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“the 
Code”),  Treasury  Regulations,  published  Internal  Revenue  Service  (“IRS”)  rulings,  published  administrative 
positions  of  the  IRS  and  court  decisions  that  are  currently  applicable,  any  or  all  of  which  could  be materially 
and  adversely  changed,  possible  on  a  retroactive  basis,  at  any  time.    In  addition,  the  discussion  does  not 
consider  the  potential  effects,  both  adverse  and  beneficial,  or  recently  proposed  legislation  which,  if  enacted, 
could  be  applied,  possibly  on  a  retroactive  basis,  at  any  time.    The  following  discussion  is  for  general 
information  only  and it is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or tax advice to any Holder 
or  prospective  holder  and  not  an  opinion  or  representation  with  respect  to  the  U.S.  Federal  income  tax 
consequences to any such Holder or prospective holder is made.  The following summary was not written and is 
not  intended  to  be  used,  and  cannot be used, by any person for the avoidance of any penalties with respect to 
taxes that may be imposed on such person.  Holders and prospective holders of common shares of the Company 
are  urged  to  consult  their  own  tax  advisors  about  the  federal,  state,  local,  and  foreign  tax  consequences  of 
purchasing,  owning  and disposing  of common shares of the Company. 

U.S. Holders 
As used herein, a U.S. Holder includes a holder of common shares of the Company who is a citizen or resident 
of  the U.S., a company (or an entity which has elected to be treated as a company under Treasury Regulation 
Sections  301.7701-3)  created  or  organized  in  or  under  the  laws  of  the  U.S.  or  of  any  political  subdivision 
thereof,  any  estate  other  than  a  foreign  estate  (as  defined  in  Section  7701(a)(31)(A)  of  the  Code  or,  a  trust 
subject  to  the  primary  supervision  of  a  court  within  the  U.S.  and  control  of  a  U.S.  fiduciary  as  described  in 
Section 7701(a)(30)(E) of the Code). This summary does not address the tax consequences to, and U.S. Holder 
does  not  include,  persons  subject  to  special  provisions  of  Federal  income  tax  law,  such  as  tax-exempt 
organizations,  qualified  retirement  plans,  financial  institutions,  insurance  companies,  real  estate  investment 
trusts,  regulated  investment  companies,  broker-dealers,  non-resident  alien  individuals,  persons  or  entities  that 
have  a  “functional  currency”  other  than  the  U.S.  dollar,  shareholders  who  hold  common  shares  as  part  of  a 
straddle,  hedging  or  conversion  transaction,  and  shareholders  who  acquired  their  common  shares  through  the 
exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation for services. This summary is limited to U.S. 
Holders  who  own  common  shares  as  capital  assets.  This  summary  does  not  address  the  consequences  to  a 
person  or  entity  holding  an  interest  in  a  shareholder  of  the  Company  or  the  consequences  to  a  person of the 
ownership,  exercise  or  disposition  of  any  options,  warrants  or  other  rights  to  acquire  common  shares  of  the 
Company. 

Distribution on Common Shares of the Company 
U.S.  Holders  receiving  dividend  distributions  (including  constructive  dividends) with respect to common shares 
of the Company are required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes the gross amount 
of  such  distributions  equal  to  the  U.S.  dollar  value  of  such  distributions  on  the  date  of  receipt  (based  on  the 
exchange  rate  on  such  date),  to  the extent that the Company has current or accumulated earnings and profits, 
without  reduction  for  any  Canadian  income  tax  withheld  from  such  distributions.  Such Canadian tax withheld 
may  be  credited,  subject  to  certain  limitations,  against  the  U.S.  Holder’s  U.S.  federal  income  tax  liability  or, 
alternatively, may be deducted in computing the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal taxable income.  (See more detailed 
discussion  at  “Foreign  Tax  Credit”  below).    To  the  extent  that  distributions  exceed  current  or  accumulated 
earnings  and  profits  of  the  Company,  they  will  be  treated  first  as  a  return  of  capital  up  to  the U.S. Holder’s 

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
adjusted  basis  in  the  common  shares and thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of the common shares. 
Dividend  income  will  be  taxed  at  marginal  tax  rates  applicable  to  ordinary income while preferential tax rates 
for  long-term  capital  gains  are  applicable  to  a  U.S.  Holder  which  is  an  individual,  estate  or  trust.    There  are 
currently no preferential tax rates for long-term capital gains for a U.S. Holder which is a company. 

In the case of foreign currency received as a dividend that is not converted by the recipient into U.S. dollars on 
the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder will have a tax basis in the foreign currency equal to its U.S. dollar value on 
the  date  of  receipt.    Gain or loss may be recognized upon a subsequent sale of other disposition of the foreign 
currency, including  the exchange for U.S. dollars. 

Dividends  paid  on  the  common  shares  of the Company will not generally be eligible for the dividends received 
deduction  provided  to  companies  receiving  dividends  from  certain U.S. companies.  A U.S. Holder which is a 
company  may,  under  certain  circumstances,  be  entitled  to  a  70%  deduction  of  the  U.S.  source  portion  of 
dividends  received  from  the  Company  (unless  the  Company qualifies as a “foreign personal holding company” 
or a  “passive foreign investment company”, as defined below) if such U.S. Holder owns shares representing at 
least 10% of the voting power and value of the Company.  The availability of this deduction is subject to several 
complex limitations  which are beyond the scope of this discussion. 

Foreign Tax Credit 
A  U.S.  Holder  who  pays  (or  has  withheld  from  distributions)  Canadian  income  tax  with  respect  to  the 
ownership  of  common  shares  of  the  Company  may  be  entitled,  at  the  option  of  the  U.S.  Holder,  to  either  a 
deduction or a tax credit for such foreign tax paid or withheld.  Generally, it will be more advantageous to claim 
a  credit  because  a  credit  reduces  U.S.  Federal  income  taxes  on  a  dollar-for-dollar  basis,  while  a  deduction 
merely reduces the taxpayer’s income subject to tax.  This election is made on a year-by-year basis and applies 
to  all  foreign  income  taxes  (or  taxes  in  lieu  of  income  tax)  paid by (or withheld from) the U.S. Holder during 
the  year.    There  are  significant  and  complex  limitations  which apply to the credit, among which is the general 
limitation  that  the  credit  cannot  exceed  the  proportionate  share  of  the  U.S.  Holder’s  U.S.  income  tax liability 
that  the  U.S.  Holder’s  foreign  source  income  bears  to  his/her  or  its  worldwide  taxable  income.    The  various 
items  of income and deduction must be classified into foreign and domestic sources. Complex rules govern this 
classification  process.    In  addition,  this  limitation  is  calculated  separately  with  respect  to  specific  classes  of 
income  such  as  “passive  income”,  “high  withholding  tax  interest”,  “financial  services  income”,  “shipping 
income”,  and  certain  other  classifications  of  income.  Dividends  distributed  by  the  Company  will  generally 
constitute  “passive  income”  or,  in  the  case  of  certain  U.S.  Holders,  “financial  services  income”  for  these 
purposes.    The  availability  of  the  foreign  tax  credit  and  the application of the limitations on the credit are fact 
specific  and  holders  and  prospective  holders  of  common  shares  of  the  Company  should consult their own tax 
advisors regarding their individual  circumstances. 

For  individuals  whose  entire  income  from  sources  outside  the  U.S.  consists  of  qualified  passive  income  and 
whose  total  amount  of  creditable  foreign  taxes  paid  or  accrued  during  the taxable year does not exceed $300 
($600 in the case of a joint return) and for whom an election is made under section 904(j), the general limitation 
on the foreign tax credit under section 904(a) does not apply. 

Disposition of Common Shares of the Company 
A  U.S.  Holder  will  recognize  gain  or  loss  upon  the  sale  of  common  shares  of  the  Company  equal  to  the 
difference,  if  any,  between (I) the amount of cash plus the fair market value of any property received, and (ii) 
the  shareholder’s  tax  basis  in  the  common  shares  of  the  Company.    Preferential  tax  rates apply to long-term 
capital gains of U.S. Holders which are individuals, estates or trusts. This gain or loss will be capital gain or loss 
if the common shares are capital assets in the hands of the U.S. Holder, which will be a short-term or long-term 
capital  gain  or  loss  depending  upon  the  holding  period  of  the  U.S.  Holder.    Gains  and  losses  are  netted  and 
combined  according  to  special  rules  in  arriving  at  the  overall  capital  gain  or  loss  for  a  particular  tax  year.  
Deductions  for  net  capital  losses  are  subject  to  significant  limitations.    For  U.S.  Holders  which  are  not 
companies,  any  unused  portion  of  such  net  capital  loss  may  be  carried over to be used in later tax years until 
such  net  capital  loss  is  thereby  exhausted,  but  individuals may not carry back capital losses. For U.S. Holders 
which  are  companies  (other  than  companies  subject  to  Subchapter  S  of  the  Code), an unused net capital loss 
may be carried back three years from the loss year and carried forward five years from the loss year to be offset 
against capital gains until  such net capital loss is thereby exhausted. 

Other Considerations 
In  the  following  circumstances,  the above sections of the discussion may not describe the U.S. federal income 
tax consequences resulting from the holding  and disposition  of common  shares of the Company. 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Passive Foreign Investment Company 
As  a  foreign  company  with  U.S.  Holders,  the  Company  could  potentially  be  treated  as  a  passive  foreign 
investment  company  (“PFIC”),  as  defined  in  Section  1297  of  the  Code.    Section  1297  of  the  Code defines a 
PFIC as a company that is not formed in the U.S. and, for any taxable year, either (i) 75% or more of its gross 
income  is  “passive  income”,  which  includes  among  other types of income,  interest, dividends and certain rents 
and  royalties  or  (ii)  the  average  percentage,  by  fair  market  value  (or,  if  the  company  is  a  controlled  foreign 
company or makes an election, by adjusted tax basis), of its assets that produce or are held for the production of 
“passive income” is 50% or more.   

The  rule  governing PFICs can have significant tax effects on U.S. shareholders of foreign companies who are 
subject to U.S. Federal income taxation under one of three alternative methods at the election of each such U.S. 
shareholder.    As  a  PFIC,  each  U.S.  shareholder’s  income  or  gain,  with  respect  to  a  disposition  or  deemed 
disposition  of  the  PFIC’s  shares  or a distribution payable on such shares will generally be subject to tax at the 
highest marginal rates applicable to ordinary  income and certain interest charges as discussed below, unless the 
U.S.  shareholder  has  timely  made a “qualified electing fund” election or a “mark-to-market” election for those 
shares.  

Under one method, a U.S. shareholder who elects in a timely manner to treat the PFIC as a Qualified Electing 
Fund  ("QEF"),  as  defined  in  the  Code,  (an  "Electing  U.S.  Holder")  will  be  required  to  currently include in his 
income  for  any  taxable  year in which the company qualifies as a PFIC his pro-rata share of the company's (i) 
"net capital gain" (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), which will be taxed 
as  long-term  capital  gain  to  the  Electing  U.S.  Holder,  and  (ii)  "ordinary  earnings" (the excess of earnings and 
profits over net capital gain), which will be taxed as ordinary income to the Electing U.S. Holder, in each case, 
for  the  U.S.  Holder's  taxable  year  in  which  (or  with  which)  the  Company’s  taxable  year  ends,  regardless  of 
whether  such  amounts  are  actually  distributed.  A  QEF  election  also  allows  the  Electing  U.S.  Holder  to  (i) 
generally  treat  any  gain  realized  on  the  disposition  of  his  common  shares  (or  deemed  to  be  realized  on  the 
pledge  of  his  common  shares)  as  capital  gain;  (ii)  treat  his  share  of  the  company's net capital gain, if any, as 
long-term  capital  gain  instead  of  ordinary  income,  and  (iii)  either  avoid  interest  charges  resulting  from  PFIC 
status  altogether  (see  discussion  of  interest  charge  below),  or  make  an  annual  election,  subject  to  certain 
limitations, to defer payment of current taxes on his share of the  company's annual realized net capital gain and 
ordinary  earnings which will  then be subject, however, to an interest charge. 

The  procedure  a  U.S.  Holder  must  comply  with  in  making  a  timely  QEF  election will depend on whether the 
year of the election is the first year in the U.S. Holder's holding period in which the  Company is a PFIC. If the 
U.S.  shareholder  makes  a  QEF  election  in  such  first  year,  (sometimes  referred  to  as  a  "Pedigreed  QEF 
Election"), then the U.S. shareholder may make the QEF election by simply filing the appropriate documents at 
the time the U.S. Holder files its tax return for such first year. If, however, the company qualified as a PFIC in a 
prior year during the U.S. shareholder’s holding period, then the U.S. shareholder may make a retroactive QEF 
election,  provided  he  has  preserved  his  right  to do so under the protective statement regime or he obtains IRS 
permission.   

If  a  U.S.  shareholder  has  not  made  a  QEF  Election  at  any  time  (a  "Non-electing  U.S. Holder"), then special 
taxation rules under Section 1291 of the Code will apply to (i) gains realized on the disposition (or deemed to be 
realized by reason of a pledge) of his common shares and (ii) certain "excess distributions" by the company. An 
excess  distribution  is  a  current  year  distribution  received  by  the U.S. shareholder on PFIC stock to the extent 
that the distribution exceeds its ratable portion of 125% of the average amount received by the U.S. shareholder 
during  the preceding three years.  

A  Non-electing  U.S. shareholder generally would be required to pro-rate all gains realized on the disposition of 
his  common  shares  and all excess distributions over the entire holding period for the common shares. All gains 
or excess distributions  allocated to prior years of the U.S. shareholder (other than years prior to the first taxable 
year of the  Company during such U.S. Holder's holding period and beginning after January 1, 1987 for which it 
was  a  PFIC)  would  be  taxed  at  the  highest  marginal  tax  rate  for  each  such  prior  year applicable to ordinary 
income.  The  Non-electing  U.S.  shareholder  also  would  be  liable  for  interest  on  the  foregoing  tax  liability  for 
each  such  prior  year  calculated  as  if such liability had been due with respect to each such prior year. A Non-
electing  non-corporate  U.S.  shareholder  must  treat  this  interest  charge  as  "personal  interest"  which  is  wholly 
non-deductible. The balance of the gain or the excess distribution will be treated as ordinary income in the year 
of the disposition  or distribution,  and no interest charge will be incurred with respect to such balance. 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
If  a  company  is  a  PFIC  for  any  taxable  year  during  which  a  Non-electing  U.S.  shareholder  holds  common 
shares, then the  company will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such common shares, even if it is 
no  longer  by  definition  a  PFIC.  A  Non-electing  U.S.  shareholder  may  terminate  this  deemed  PFIC  status  by 
electing to recognize gain (which will be taxed under the rules discussed above for Non-Electing U.S. Holders) 
as if such common shares had been sold on the last day of the last taxable year for which it was a PFIC. If the 
company no longer qualifies as a PFIC in a subsequent year, then normal Code rules and not the PFIC rules will 
apply with respect to a U.S. shareholder who has made a Pedigreed QEF election. 

If a U.S. shareholder makes a QEF Election that is not a Pedigreed Election (i.e., it is made after the first year 
during which the  company is a PFIC and the U.S. shareholder holds shares of the company) (a "Non-Pedigreed 
Election"),  the QEF rules apply prospectively but do not apply to years prior to the year in which the QEF first 
becomes  effective.  U.S.  Holders  are  encouraged  to  consult  their  tax  advisors  regarding  the  specific 
consequences of making or not making  a QEF Election. 

Under  an  alternative  method,  U.S.  Holders  who  hold  (actually  or  constructively)  marketable  stock  of a PFIC 
may elect to mark such stock to the market annually (a “mark-to-market election”). If such an election is made, 
such  U.S.  Holder  will  generally  not  be  subject  to  the  special  taxation  rules  of  Section  1291  discussed  above. 
However,  if  the  mark-to-market  election  is  made  by  a  Non-Electing  U.S.  Holder  after  the  beginning  of  the 
holding  period  for  the  PFIC  stock,  then the Section 1291 rules will apply to certain dispositions of, distributions 
on  and  other  amounts  taxable  with  respect  to  the  Company  common  shares.  A  U.S.  Holder  who  makes  the 
mark-to-market  election  will  include  in  income  for  each  taxable  year  for  which  the  election  is  in  effect  an 
amount  equal  to  the  excess,  if  any,  of  the  fair  market  value of the common shares of the Company as of the 
close  of  such  tax  year  over  such  U.S.  Holder’s  adjusted  basis  in  such  common  shares.  In  addition,  the  U.S. 
Holder is allowed a deduction for the lesser of (i) the excess, if any, of such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in 
the common shares over the fair market value of such shares as of the close of the tax year, or (ii) the excess, if 
any, of (a) the mark-to-market gains for the common shares in the Company included by such U.S. Holder for 
prior tax years, including any amount which would have been treated as a mark-to-market gain for any prior tax 
year  but  for  the  Section  1291  rules  discussed  above  with  respect  to  Non-Electing  U.S.  Holders,  over  (b) the 
mark-to-market losses for shares that were allowed as deductions for prior tax years. A U.S. Holder’s adjusted 
tax  basis  in  the  common shares of the Company will be adjusted to reflect the amount included in or deducted 
from  income as a result of a mark-to-market election. A mark-to-market election applies to the taxable year in 
which the election is made and to each subsequent taxable year, unless the Company’s common shares cease to 
be  marketable,  as  specifically  defined,  or  the  IRS  consents  to  revocation  of  the election. U.S. Holders should 
consult their tax advisors regarding the manner of making  such an election.   

Controlled Foreign Company 
If more than 50% of the  total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote or more than 50% of 
the  total  value  of  the  stock  of  the  Company  is  owned,  directly,  indirectly  or  constructively,  by  U.S.  Holders, 
each of whom own actually or constructively 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of 
stock  of  the  Company,  the  Company  would  be  treated  as  a  “controlled  foreign  company”  or  “CFC”  under 
Subpart F of the Code.  This classification would effect many complex results, one of which requires such 10% 
U.S. Holders (a U.S. Holder for CFC purposes) to include in their income their pro rata shares of the Subpart F 
income  of  the  CFC  and  the  CFC’s  earnings invested in U.S. property. The foreign tax credit described above 
may  reduce  the  U.S.  tax on these amounts. In addition, under Section 1248 of the Code, gain from the sale or 
exchange of shares by a U.S. Holder of common shares of the Company which is or was a U.S. Shareholder at 
any time during the five-year period ending with the sale or exchange  will be  treated as dividend income to the 
extent  of  earnings  and  profits  of  the  Company  (accumulated  only  while  the  shares  were  held  by  the  U.S. 
Shareholder  and  while  the  Company  was  a  CFC  attributable  to  the  shares  sold  or  exchanged.  If  a  foreign 
company is both a PFIC and a CFC, the foreign company generally will not be treated as a PFIC with respect to 
certain  10%  U.S.  Shareholders  of  the  CFC.  This  rule  generally  will  be  effective  for  taxable  years  of  U.S. 
Shareholders  beginning  after  1997  and  for  taxable  years  of  foreign  company’s  ending  with  or  within  such 
taxable years of U.S. Shareholders. The PFIC provisions continue to apply in the case of a PFIC that is also a 
CFC with respect to the U.S. Holders that are less than 10% shareholders. Because of the complexity of Subpart 
F, a more detailed review of these rules is outside of the scope of this discussion. 

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding 
In  general,  unless  a  U.S.  Holder  belongs  to  a  category  of  certain  exempt  recipients  (such  as  corporations), 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
information  reporting  requirements  will  apply  to  distributions  as  well  as  proceeds  of  sales  from  the  sale  of 
shares of the Company that are effected through the U.S. office of a broker or the non-U.S. office of a broker 
that has certain connections with the United States.  Backup withholding may apply to these payments if a U.S. 
Holder  fails  to  provide  a correct taxpayer identification number or certification of exempt status, fails to report 
in  full  dividend  and  interest  income  or,  in  certain  circumstances,  fails  to  comply  with  applicable  certification 
requirements.    Any  amounts  withheld  under  the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or credit 
against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax, provided the U.S. Holder furnishes the required information to 
the  IRS  in  a  timely manner.  Other filing requirements may also apply.  U.S. Holders should consult with their 
own tax advisors concerning  their particular reporting  requirements.  

Documents on Display  
Any of the documents referred to above can be viewed at the registered office of the Company located at 1177 
West Hastings Street, Suite 1710,  Vancouver, British Columbia,  Canada, V6E 2L3. 

This Annual Report and the Company’s recent 6-K filings can be viewed on the U.S. Securities and Exchange 
EDGAR web-site at www.sec.gov.   

Item 11.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 

Some of the Company’s mineral exploration properties are located outside of Canada. As a Canadian company, 
Almaden’s  cash  balances  are  kept  primarily in Canadian  funds, while many exploration and property expenses 
are denominated in U.S. dollars or the Mexican peso. Therefore, the Company is exposed to some exchange rate 
risk.  The  Company  considers  the  amount  of  risk  to  be  manageable  and  does  not currently, nor is likely in the 
foreseeable  future  to,  conduct  hedging  to  reduce  its  exchange  rate  risk.    A  10%  change  in  the  U.S.  dollar 
exchange  rate  relative  to  the  Canadian  dollar  would  change  the  Company’s  net  income  by  $53,000.    A  10% 
change  in  the  Mexican  peso  exchange  rate  relative  to  the  Canadian  dollar  would  change  the  Company’s  net 
income by $17,000. 

Item 12.     Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities 

Not Applicable 

Item 13.     Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies 

Not Applicable 

PART II 

Item 14.     Material Modifications to the Rights of Securities Holders and Use of Proceeds 

Not Applicable 

Item 15.      Controls and Procedures 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

We  conducted  an  evaluation  of  the  effectiveness  of  the  design  and  operation  of  our  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures  (as  defined  in  Rules  13a-15(e)  under  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended,  or 
“Exchange Act”) as of December 31, 2014.  This evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the 
participation  of  management,  including  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer.   Based upon 
this  evaluation,  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 
31,  2014,  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  were  effective  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that 
information  required  to  be  disclosed  by  us  in  reports  filed  or  submitted  under  the  Exchange  Act  is  recorded, 
processed,  summarized  and  reported  within  the  time  periods  specified  by  the  rules  and  forms.    We  also 
concluded  that  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  are  effective  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that 
information  required  to  be  disclosed  in  the  reports  filed  or  submitted  under  the  Exchange  Act  is accumulated 
and  communicated  to  our  management,  including  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  to 
allow timely  decisions regarding required disclosure.   

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control  Over Financial Reporting 

  Our  management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting  for  the  Company.  Internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  by,  or  under  the 
supervision  of,  the  Company’s  principal  executive  and  principal  financial  officers  and  effected  by  the 
Company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance 
with IFRS as issued by IASB.   

Because  of  the  inherent  limitations  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  including  the  possibility  of 
collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be 
prevented or detected on a  timely basis.  Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal 
control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate 
because  of  changes  in  conditions,  or  that  the  degree  of  compliance  with  the  policies  or  procedures  may 
deteriorate. 

The  Company’s  management’s  assessed  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting  as  of  December  31,  2014.   In making this assessment, the Company’s management used criteria set 
forth  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  in  Internal  Control-
Integrated  Framework  published  in  1992.    Based  on  its  assessment,  management  concluded  that,  as  of 
December 31, 2014, the Company’s internal  control over financial  reporting  was effective.   

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year 
ended  December  31,  2014  that  has  materially  affected,  or  that  is  reasonably  likely  to  materially  affect,  the 
Company’s internal control  over financial  reporting. 

Item 16A.     Audit Committee Financial Expert 
The Company’s Board of Directors has determined that Mr.  Mark T. Brown is the Company's audit committee 
financial expert.  Mr. Brown has extensive business and financial experience.   He has served as a director of a 
number of other publicly traded companies over the past 15 years, and currently serves as a director of six other 
publicly  traded  mineral  exploration  companies.  Mr. Brown is independent as defined by Section 803(B) of the 
NYSE MKT Listing Standards. 

Item 16B.     Code of Ethics 
The  Company  adopted  several  codes  of  conduct,  including  a  Code  of  Business  Ethics,  a  Code  of  Business 
Conduct  Ethics  for  Directors,  a  Communications  Policy  and  an Audit Committee Charter.   These initial  codes 
were  filed  with  the  20-F Annual  Report  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  December  31,  2003  as  filed  with  the  U.S. 
Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  on  May  11,  2004.  After  review,  the  Company  has  adopted revised and 
new  codes  as  follow:  Audit  Committee  Charter,  Nominating  and  Corporate  Governance  Committee-
Responsibilities  and  Duties,  Compensation  Committee-Responsibilities  and  Duties,  Code  of  Business  Ethics, 
Code  of  Business  Conduct  and  Ethics  for  Directors,  Communications  Policy,  Securities  Trading  Policy, 
Whistleblowers  Policy  and  a  Privacy  Policy  (the  “Codes”).  The  Codes  may  be  viewed  on  the  Company’s 
website at www.almadenminerals.com.  The Codes may also be viewed as filed on EDGAR as an exhibit to the 
2005  20-F  Annual  Report  filed  with  the  Commission  on  March  30,  2006.    Any  amendments  to  the  Codes  or 
waivers of the provision of any Codes will be posted on the Company’s website within 5 business days of such 
amendment or waiver. 

The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors (“Code”), a Code of Business 
Ethics (“COBE”), a Securities Trading Policy and a Privacy Policy.  Employees and consultants are required as a 
term of employment to undertake to abide by the COBE.  Directors are by law bound to observe the Code adopted 
by the Board.   

All Directors, Officers and Employees (“Individuals”) sign an Annual Certification (“Certification”) stating they 
have read the Code of Business Ethics policy (“Policy”) of the Company and have complied with such Policy in all 
respects.  The Certification further acknowledges that all members of the Individual’s family, all other persons who 
live with the Individual  and all holding companies and other related entities of the Individual and all such persons or 
companies  acting  on  behalf  of  or  at  the  request  of  any  of  the  foregoing  also  complied  with  such Policy. The 

89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certification  also  states  that  any  violation  of  such  Policy  may  constitute  grounds  for  immediate  suspension or 
dismissal. 

Each  director  is  expected  and  required  by  statute  to  act  honestly  and  in  good  faith  with  a  view  to  the  best 
interests of the Company and to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent individual would 
exercise in comparable circumstances and in  accordance with the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) 
and the Company’s Articles.  

Item 16C.     Principal Accountant Fees and Services 

Audit Committee's pre-approval policies and procedures 
The  Audit  Committee  nominates  and  engages  the  independent  auditors  to  audit  the  financial  statements,  and 
approves  all  audit  services,  audit-related  services,  tax  services  and  other  services  provided  by  Deloitte  LLP. 
Any  services  provided  by  Deloitte LLP that are not specifically included within the scope of  the audit must be 
preapproved  by  the  Audit  Committee  prior  to  any  engagement.  The  Audit  Committee  is permitted to approve 
certain fees for audit-related services, tax services and other services before the completion of the engagement. 
In Fiscal 2014 and 2013,  tax services paid to Deloitte LLP were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.  

Table  No.  19 lists  the  aggregate  fees  billed  or  estimated  for  each of the last two fiscal years for professional 
services  rendered  by  the  principal  accountant  for  the  audit  of  the  Company’s  annual  financial  statements  or 
services  that  are  normally  provided  by  the  accountant  in  connection  with  statutory  and  regulatory  filings  or 
engagements for those fiscal years. 

Table No. 19 
Principal Accountant Fees 

December 31, 
2014 
$53,500 
43,715 
68,438 
- 

December 31, 
2013 
$141,775 
10,625 
51,314 
- 

Audit fees 
Audit-related fees 
Tax fees 
Other fees 

Fiscal  2014  and  Fiscal  2013  audit  fees  relate  to  the  annual  audit  of  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial 
statements, effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and review of the Form 20-
F.    Audit-related  fees  relate  to  accounting advisory services.  Tax fees relate to the completion of income tax 
returns and tax consulting  services.  Other fees relate to services other than audit fees, audit-related fees, and tax 
fees described above. 

Item 16D.     Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees 
Not applicable. 

Item 16E.     Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers 
Not applicable. 

Item 16F.     Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant 
Not applicable. 

Item 16G.    Corporate Governance 
The Company’s class of common shares is listed on the NYSE MKT and the Toronto Stock Exchange.  Under 
the  rules  of  the  NYSE  MKT,  listed  companies  are  generally  required  to  have  a  majority  of  their  Board  of 
Directors be “independent” as defined by the NYSE MKT Company Guide Rules. Currently, as permitted under 
applicable  Canadian  regulations,  the Company’s Board consists of  7 directors, of which  5 are considered to be 
“independent.”   
Other  than  in  the composition of the Board of Directors as described above, in the opinion of management the 
Company’s  corporate  governance  practices  do  not  differ  in  any  significant  way  from  those  required  of  U.S. 
domestic companies listed on the NYSE MKT. 

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 16H.    Mine Safety Disclosure 
Not applicable. 

Item 17.     Financial Statements 

PART III 

The Company has provided  financial  statements pursuant to Item 18 of this Form 20-F. 

Item 18.    Financial Statements 

The Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto are stated in Canadian Dollars (CDN$) and 
are  prepared  in  accordance  and  compliance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as issued by the 
International  Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”).  

Item 19.     Exhibits 

A.    The  financial  statements  and  notes  thereto  as  required  under  Item  18  are  attached  hereto  and  found 
immediately  following  the text of this Annual Report. 

Audited Financial  Statements 
Independent registered Public  Accounting Firm report on the consolidated  financial  statements, dated March 30, 
2015 
Consolidated  statements of financial  position  at December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Consolidated  statements of comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2014,  2013 and 2012 
Consolidated  statements of changes in equity  for the years ended December 31, 2014,  2013 and 2012 
Consolidated  statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2014,  2013 and 2012 
Summary of significant  accounting policies  and other explanatory  information 

B.  Index to Exhibits   

1. 

1.1 

2. 

3. 

4. 

4.1 

4.2 

4.3 

Certificate of Amalgamation 
Amalgamation  Agreement 
--Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 20-F Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 
2001,  as filed with the Commission  on May 17, 2002-- 
Articles 
--Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 20-F Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 
2005,  as filed with the Commission  on March 30, 2006-- 
   as filed  with the Commission  on March 30, 2006--   

Instruments defining  the rights of holders of equity or debt securities being registered 
--Refer to Exhibit  No. 1-- 

Voting  trust agreements.  The Voting  Trust Agreement dated December 17, 2009  between Ernesto Echavarria, 
as grantor, and Messrs Duane and Morgan Poliquin,  as voting  trustees. 
  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2013 furnished  with 
  the Commission  on March 31, 2014-- 

Executive Compensation Contract dated January 29, 2013 with Hawk Mountain  Resources Ltd. 
--Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012 furnished with 
  the Commission  on March 28, 2013-- 
Executive Compensation Contract dated January 29, 2013 with Morgan Poliquin   
--Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012 furnished with 
  the Commission  on March 28, 2013-- 
Assignment of Rights Agreement dated March 11, 2013 with Don David Gold  Mexico, S.A. de C.V. 
  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2013 furnished  with 
  the Commission  on March 31, 2014-- 
Sale and Purchase Agreement dated June 20, 2013 with Tarsis Resources Ltd. 
--Incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K furnished with the Commission  on June 20, 2013-- 

91 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.4 

Amendment Agreement dated November 26, 2013 with Candymin,  S.A. de C.V. and Mr. Charlie Warren 
  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2013 furnished  with 
  the Commission  on March 31, 2014-- 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

List of foreign patents – N/A 

Calculation  of earnings per share – N/A 

Explanation  of calculation  of ratios – N/A 

List of subsidiaries   

Statement pursuant to the instruction  to Item 8.A.4, regarding the financial  statement filed  in registration 
Statements for initial  public  offerings of securities – N/A 

10. 

Any notice required by Rule 104 of Regulation  BTR – N/A  

11 

Audit Committee Charter 
Nominating  and Corporate Governance Committee-Duties  and Responsibility 
Compensation  Committee-Responsibilities  and Duties 
Code of Business Ethics  
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors 
Communications  Policy 
Securities Trading Policy 
Whistleblower  Policy 
Privacy Policy 
--Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 20-F Annual Report for the year ended December 31,  
   2005,   as filed with the Commission  on March 30, 2006 
Shareholder Rights Plan dated April  13, 2011 
--Incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K furnished with the Commission  on April  15, 2011--  
Advance Notice Policy dated January 28, 2013 
--Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012 furnished with 
  the Commission  on March 28, 2013-- 
Multiple  Voting  Policy – adopted by the Board of Directors on May 7, 2013. 

12.1  Certification  of CEO Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act, Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14  as Adopted Pursuant to 

Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 

12.2  Certification  of CFO Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act, Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 as Adopted Pursuant to 

Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 

13.1  Certification  of CEO Pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,  As Adopted Pursuant to 

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 

13.2  Certification  of CFO Pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,  As Adopted Pursuant to 

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 

92 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated financial statements of 

Almaden Minerals Ltd. 

For the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
December 31, 2014 and 2013 

Table of contents 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.........................................................1-2 

Consolidated statements of financial position.................................................................................3 

Consolidated statements of comprehensive loss…………..............................................................4 

Consolidated statements of cash flows...........................................................................................5 

Consolidated statements of changes in equity................................................................................6 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements..........................................................................7-40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deloitte LLP 
2800 - 1055 Dunsmuir Street 
4 Bentall Centre 
P.O. Box 49279 
Vancouver BC  V7X 1P4 
Canada 

Tel: 604-669-4466 
Fax: 778-374-0496 
www.deloitte.ca 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Almaden Minerals Ltd. 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Almaden Minerals Ltd., and 
subsidiaries (the “Company”), which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at 
December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, and consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, 
changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 
2014, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.  

Management's Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial 
statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International 
Accounting Standards Board, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to 
enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error. 

Auditor's Responsibility 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our 
audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and 
the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards 
require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable 
assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in 
the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor's judgment, 
including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, 
whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control 
relevant to the entity's preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order 
to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. An audit also includes evaluating 
the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made 
by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide 
a basis for our audit opinion.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opinion 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of Almaden Minerals Ltd. and subsidiaries as at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, 
and their financial performance and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended 
December 31, 2014 in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the 
International Accounting Standards Board. 

Chartered Accountants 
Vancouver, Canada 
March 30, 2015 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Consolidated statements of financial position
(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 15)
Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses (Note 4)
Marketable securities (Note 5)
Inventory (Note 6)

Non-current assets
Investment in associate (Note 7)
Exploration and evaluation assets deposit (Note 10(e)(vi))
Reclamation deposit (Note 3(m))
Contingent shares receivable (Note 8)
Property, plant and equipment (Note 9)
Exploration and evaluation assets (Note 10)

TOTAL ASSETS 

LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables

Non-current liabilities
Deferred income tax liability (Note 16)

Total Liabilities

EQUITY
Share capital (Note 11)
Reserves (Note 11)
Deficit

Total Equity
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

Commitments (Note 17)

December 31,
2014

December 31,
2013

$

$

8,172,598
413,880
853,123
274,768
9,714,369

2,675,000
-
34,548
69,600
880,371
28,644,758
32,304,277
42,018,646

11,994,773
445,122
1,058,661
274,768
13,773,324

9,447,497
138,929
33,264
44,700
1,103,070
24,447,149
35,214,609
48,987,933

542,578

1,097,158

1,839,482
2,382,060

-

1,097,158

87,083,931
11,005,757
(58,453,102)
39,636,586
42,018,646

81,151,042
10,210,168
(43,470,435)
47,890,775
48,987,933

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.  

These consolidated financial statements are authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on March 30, 2015. 
They are signed on the Company's behalf by:

/s/Duane Poliquin
Director

/s/Mark T. Brown
Director

           
              
              
              
              
           
                          
                      
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Consolidated statements of comprehensive loss
(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

Revenue

Interest income
Other income

Expenses (income)

Impairment of exploration and evaluation assets
General and administrative expenses (Note 21)
(Income) loss on exploration and evaluation assets (Note 13)
General exploration expenses
Share-based payments

Operating loss

Other (loss) income
      (Loss) income from investment in associate (Note 7)
     Impairment of marketable securities (Note 5)

Impairment of investment in associate (Note 7)
Gain (loss) on fair-value of contingent share receivable (Note 8)

         (Loss) gain on sale of marketable securities

      Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment

          Foreign exchange (loss) gain 

Loss before income taxes
Deferred income tax expense (Note 16)

2014

$

175,955
78,036
253,991

2,570,664
2,489,108
(55,111)
592,105
565,800
6,162,566
(5,908,575)

(135,209)
(405,903)
(6,637,288)
24,900
(42,220)
-
(38,890)
(13,143,185)
(1,839,482)

Years Ended December 31,
2012

2013

$

$

165,474
54,958
220,432

173,302
125,865
299,167

371,038
2,154,278
716,006
707,542
381,950
4,330,814
(4,110,382)

(818,889)
(1,274,743)
-
(193,500)
19,509
-
21,396
(6,356,609)
-

1,268,856
2,330,965
(47,500)
969,470
1,716,250
6,238,041
(5,938,874)

86,963
(3,856,819)
-
(424,500)
12,275
3,051
(120,473)
(10,238,377)
-

Net loss for the year

(14,982,667)

(6,356,609)

(10,238,377)

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit 
  or loss
Net change in fair value of available for sale financial
  assets, net of tax of nil
Reclassification adjustment relating to available for sale
  financial assets included in net income (loss),
  net of tax of nil

Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year

239,515

(84,585)

(2,341,238)

42,413
281,928

(5,763)
(90,348)

4,334,680
1,993,442

Total comprehensive loss for the year

(14,700,739)

(6,446,957)

(8,244,935)

Basic and diluted net loss per share (Note 14)

(0.23)

(0.10)

(0.17)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.  

           
    
      
        
                    
                      
              
       
         
                        
        
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Consolidated statements of cash flows
(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

Operating activities

Net loss for the year
Items not affecting cash

Deferred income tax expense
Loss (gain) on investment in associate
Depreciation
Loss (gain) on sale of marketable securities
(Gain) loss on fair value of contingent shares receivable
Impairment of marketable securities
Loss (income) on exploration and evaluation assets
Impairment of exploration and evaluation assets
Impairment of investment in associate
Share-based payments
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment
Changes in non-cash working capital components
Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses
Trade and other payables

Net cashed used in operating activities

Investing activities

Exploration and evaluation assets deposit
Reclamation deposit
Net proceeds from sale of marketable securities
Property, plant and equipment

Purchases
Proceeds
Mineral properties

Costs
Proceeds on disposal

Net cash used in investing activities

Financing activity

Issuance of shares, net of share issue costs
Net cash from financing activity

Net cash outflows
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

Supplemental cash and cash equivalents information - Note 15

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.  

2014

$

Years ended December 31,
2012

2013

$

$

(14,982,667)

(6,356,609)

(10,238,377)

1,839,482
135,209
245,639
42,220
(24,900)
405,903
-
2,570,664
6,637,288
565,800
-

-
818,889
303,390
(19,509)
193,500
1,274,743
716,006
371,038
-
381,950
-

-
(86,963)
325,995
(12,275)
424,500
3,856,819
(47,500)
1,268,856
-
1,716,250
(3,051)

31,242
(554,580)
(3,088,700)

651,833
36,329
(1,628,440)

(423,223)
495,732
(2,723,237)

138,929
(1,284)
39,343

(22,940)
-

-
-
22,565

-
96,500
4,435,757

(95,986)
-

(395,018)
7,143

(6,768,273)
-

(6,614,225)

(8,253,489)
127,420
(8,199,490)

(7,407,896)
30,000
(3,233,514)

5,880,750
5,880,750

5,335,295
5,335,295

1,260,000
1,260,000

(3,822,175)
11,994,773
8,172,598

(4,492,635)
16,487,408
11,994,773

(4,696,751)
21,184,159
16,487,408

             
                
        
      
                            
                       
                     
                
                   
           
           
Almaden Minerals Ltd.
Consolidated statements of changes in equity
(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

Balance, January 1, 2012
Shares issued for cash on exercise of stock options
Fair value of share options transferred to share capital  
  on exercise of options
Share-based payments
Total comprehensive loss for the year

Balance, December 31, 2012
Shares issued for cash on exercise of stock options
Fair value of share options transferred to share capital  
  on exercise of options
Share-based payments
Private placements and other
Finder's warrant issued pursuant to private placement
Shares issued pursuant to property acquisition agreement
Total comprehensive loss for the year

Balance, December 31, 2013
Shares issued for cash on exercise of stock options
Fair value of share options transferred to share capital  
  on exercise of options
Shares issued pursuant to private placement
Finder's warrant issued pursuant to private placement
Share-based payments
Total comprehensive loss for the year
Balance, December 31, 2014

          Share capital

    Reserves

Number of
shares

59,122,321
600,000

Equity settled
employee

Amount
 $ 
73,353,977
1,260,000

compensation Warrants
 $ 
8,536,473
 - 

176,741
 - 

 - 
 - 
 - 
59,722,321
220,000

624,000
 - 
 - 
75,237,977
223,550

 - 
 - 
4,386,000
 - 
250,000
 - 
64,578,321
150,000

136,650
 - 
5,015,365
 - 
537,500
 - 
81,151,042
121,500

(624,000)
1,716,250
 - 
9,628,723
 - 

(136,650)
381,950
 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
9,874,023
 - 

 - 
4,000,000
 - 
 - 
 - 
68,728,321

67,500
5,743,889
 - 
 - 
 - 
87,083,931

(67,500)
 - 
 - 
565,800
 - 
10,372,323

 - 
 - 
 - 
176,741
 - 

 - 
 - 
 - 
107,880
 - 
 - 
284,621
 - 

 - 
 - 
15,361
 - 
 - 
299,982

Available-for-
sale financial
assets
 $ 
(1,851,570)
 - 

Total 
reserves

6,861,644
 - 

 - 
 - 
1,993,442
141,872
 - 

(624,000)
1,716,250
1,993,442
9,947,336
 - 

(136,650)
 - 
381,950
 - 
 - 
 - 
107,880
 - 
 - 
 - 
(90,348)
(90,348)
51,524 10,210,168
 - 

 - 

(67,500)
 - 
 - 
 - 
15,361
 - 
565,800
 - 
281,928
281,928
333,452 11,005,757

Deficit
 $ 
(26,875,449)
 - 

 - 
 - 
(10,238,377)
(37,113,826)
 - 

 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
(6,356,609)
(43,470,435)
 - 

 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
(14,982,667)
(58,453,102)

Total
 $ 
53,340,172
1,260,000

 - 
1,716,250
(8,244,935)
48,071,487
223,550

 - 
381,950
5,015,365
107,880
537,500
(6,446,957)
47,890,775
121,500

 - 
5,743,889
15,361
565,800
(14,700,739)
39,636,586

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.  

Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

1. 

Nature of Operations 

Almaden Minerals Ltd. (the “Company” or “Almaden”) was formed by amalgamation under the laws of 
the Province of British Columbia, Canada on February 1, 2002.  The Company is an exploration stage 
public  company  that  is  engaged  directly  in  the  exploration  and  development  of  exploration  and 
evaluation properties in Canada, US and Mexico.  The address of the Company’s registered office is 
Suite 1710 –1177 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6E 2L3. 

The Company is in the business of exploring and developing new mineral projects and has not yet 
determined  whether  these  projects  contain  economically  recoverable  mineral  reserves.    The 
recoverability of amounts shown for mineral properties is dependent upon the establishment of a 
sufficient quantity of economically recoverable reserves, the ability of the Company to obtain the 
necessary  financing  or  participation  of  joint  venture  partners  to  complete  development  of  the 
properties and upon future profitable production or proceeds from the disposition of exploration and 
evaluation assets.   

2.  

  Basis of Presentation  

(a)  Statement of Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance and compliance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards 
Board (“IFRS”).    

(b)  Basis of preparation  

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for 
financial instruments classified as available-for-sale that have been measured at fair value.  

These consolidated financial statements, including comparatives, have been prepared on the basis of 
IFRS standards that are effective as at December 31, 2014.  

(c)  Functional currency 

The functional and reporting currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the Canadian dollar.  

(d)  Significant accounting judgments and estimates 

The  preparation  of  these  consolidated  financial  statements  requires  management  to  make 
judgements and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the 
financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.  Actual outcomes 
could differ from these judgements and estimates.  The consolidated financial statements include 
judgements and estimates which, by their nature, are uncertain.  The impacts of such judgements 
and  estimates  are  pervasive  throughout  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  and  may  require 
accounting  adjustments  based  on  future  occurrences.    Revisions  to  accounting  estimates  are 
recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised and the revision affects both current and 
future periods. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

2.  

  Basis of Presentation (Continued) 

(d)  Significant accounting judgments and estimates (continued) 

Significant  assumptions  about  the  future  and  other  sources  of  judgements  and  estimates  that 
management has made at the statement of financial position date, that could result in a material  
adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, in the event that actual results differ from 
assumptions made, relate to, but are not limited to, the following:  

  Critical Judgments 

o  The assessment that the Company has significant influence over the investment in Gold 
Mountain Mining Corporation (“Gold Mountain”) (Note 7) which results in the use of  the 
equity accounting method for accounting for this investment.  In making their judgement, 
management  considered  its percentage ownership, the composition of the Board of 
Directors  of  Gold  Mountain,  the  common  directors  and  management  between  Gold 
Mountain and the Company and the intercompany transactions and relationship with 
Gold Mountain and concluded that significant influence exists. 

o  The analysis of the functional currency for each entity of the Company.  In concluding 
that  the  Canadian  dollar  is  the  functional  currency  of  the  parent  and  its  subsidiary 
companies, management considered the currency that mainly influences the cost of 
providing goods and services in each jurisdiction in which the Company operates.  As no 
single  currency  was  clearly  dominant,  the  Company  also  considered  secondary 
indicators  including  the  currency  in  which  funds  from  financing  activities  are 
denominated and the currency in which funds are retained. 

o  The  determination  that  the  carrying  amount  of  the  Tuligtic  Project  will  be  recovered 
through use rather than sale (Note 16).  In making this determination, management 
considered the likelihood of completing the Company’s planned spin out transaction 
(Note 22) taking into account all legal, regulatory and business requirements to affect the 
planned spin-out transaction. 

Estimates 

o  The  recoverability  of  accounts  receivable  which  is  included  in  the  consolidated 

statements of financial position; 

o  The carrying value of the marketable securities and the recoverability of the carrying 

value which are included in the consolidated statements of financial position; 

o  The carrying value of investments, and the estimated annual gains or losses recorded on 
investments from income and dilution, and the recoverability of the carrying value which 
are included in the consolidated statements of financial position; 

o  The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment which are included in the 
consolidated statements of financial position and the related depreciation included in the 
consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; 

o  The  value  of  the  exploration  and  development  costs  which  is  recorded  in  the 

consolidated statements of financial position; 

o  The inputs used in accounting for share option expense in the consolidated statements 

of comprehensive loss; 

o  The  provision  for  income  taxes  which  is  included  in  the  consolidated  statements  of 
comprehensive  loss  and  composition  of  deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities 
included in the consolidated statements of financial position at December 31, 2014;  

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

2.  

  Basis of Presentation (Continued) 

(d)  Significant accounting judgments and estimates (continued) 

o  The inputs used in determining the various commitments and contingencies disclosed in 

the consolidated statement of financial position; 

o  The assessment of indications of impairment of each exploration and evaluation asset 
and related determination of the net realizable value and write-down of those assets 
where applicable; 

o  The estimated fair value of contingent share payments receivable in the event that Gold 
Mountain achieves some or all of the specified resource and production levels described 
in Note 8(a);  

o  The  estimated  fair  value  of  contingent  share  payments  receivable  in  the  event  that 
Goldgroup Mining Inc. achieves some or all of the specified resource and production 
levels described in Note 8(b). 

3. 

Significant Accounting Policies 

(a)  Basis of consolidation 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned 
subsidiaries as follows: 

Jurisdiction 

 Nature of operations 

USA 
Almaden America Inc. 
Canada 
Republic Resources Ltd. 
Canada 
Puebla Holdings Inc. 
Canada 
Ixtaca Precious Metals Inc. 
Canada 
Pangeon Holdings Ltd. 
Mexico 
Almaden de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. 
Minera Gavilan, S.A. de C.V. 
Mexico 
Compania Minera Zapata, S.A. de C.V.  Mexico 
Mexico 
Minera Gorrion, S.A. de C.V. 
Mexico 
Minera Alondra, S.A. de C.V. 

exploration company 
service company 
holding company 
holding company 
holding company 
exploration company 
exploration company 
exploration company 
exploration company 
holding company 

Investments where the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for 
using the equity method.  Under this method, the Company’s share of the investee’s earnings or 
losses is included in operations and its investments therein are adjusted by a like amount.  Dividends 
received from these investments are credited to the investment. The Company’s 38.8% interest in 
Gold Mountain is accounted for using the equity method.  

The Company accounts for its interest in the jointly controlled ATW project by recognizing its share of 
the jointly controlled assets classified according to the nature of the assets. 

Inter-company balances and transactions, including unrealised income and expenses arising from 
inter-company  transactions,  are  eliminated  in  preparing  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  
Unrealised gains arising from transactions with equity accounted investees are eliminated against the 
investment to the extent of the Company’s interest in the investee.  Unrealised losses are eliminated 
in the same way as unrealised gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

3.  

  Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

(b)  Foreign currencies 

Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are recorded at the rates of exchange 
prevailing on dates of transactions.  At each financial position reporting date, monetary assets and 
liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date 
of the statement of financial position.  Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical 
cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. 

(c)  Financial instruments 

Financial assets 

The Company classifies its financial assets into one of the following categories, depending on the 
purpose for which the asset was acquired. The Company's accounting policy for each category is as 
follows: 

Fair value through profit or loss - This category comprises derivatives including contingent shares 
receivable, or assets acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of selling or repurchasing it in 
the near term. They are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with changes in fair 
value recognized in net loss.  

Loans and receivables - These assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable 
payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are carried at cost less any provision for 
impairment.  Individually significant receivables are considered for impairment when they are past 
due  or  when  other  objective  evidence  is  received  that  a  specific  counterparty  will  default.    The 
Company  classifies  its  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  accounts  receivable  as  “loans  and 
receivables”. 

Held-to-maturity  investments  -  These  assets  are  non-derivative  financial  assets  with  fixed  or 
determinable  payments  and  fixed  maturities  that  the  Company's  management  has  the  positive 
intention and ability to hold to maturity. These assets are measured at amortized cost using the 
effective interest method.  If there is objective evidence that the investment is impaired, determined 
by reference to external credit ratings and other relevant indicators, the financial asset is measured at 
the  present  value  of  estimated  future  cash  flows.   Any  changes  to  the  carrying  amount  of  the 
investment, including impairment losses, are recognized in net loss. 

Available for sale - Non-derivative financial assets not included in the above categories and which 
include marketable securities are classified as available for sale. They are carried at fair value with 
changes in fair value recognized directly in other comprehensive income and equity. Where a decline 
in the fair value of an available for sale financial asset constitutes objective evidence of significant or 
prolonged decline in value, the amount of the loss is removed from equity and recognized in net loss.  

All  financial  assets  except  for  those  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  are  subject  to  review  for 
impairment at least at each reporting date. Financial assets are impaired when there is any objective 
evidence  that  a  financial  asset  or  a  group  of  financial  assets  is  impaired.  Different  criteria  to 
determine impairment are applied for each category of financial assets, which are described above. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

3. 

Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

(c)  Financial instruments (continued) 

Financial liabilities 

The Company classifies its financial liabilities into one of two categories, depending on the purpose 
for which the asset was acquired. The Company's accounting policy for each category is as follows: 

Fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  -  This  category  comprises  derivatives,  or  liabilities  acquired  or 
incurred principally for the purpose of selling or repurchasing it in the near term. They are carried in 
the statements of financial position at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income 
(loss).   

Other financial liabilities - This category includes promissory notes, amounts due to related parties 
and trade and other payables, all of which are recognized at amortized cost. 

(d)  Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments 

Cash equivalents include money market instruments which are readily convertible into cash or have 
maturities at the date of purchase of less than ninety days.  Short-term investments include money 
market instruments with terms to maturity exceeding ninety days.   

(e) 

Inventory 

Inventory is valued at the lower of the average cost and estimated net realizable value. 

(f)   Property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated annually on a declining-balance 
basis at the following rates: 

Automotive equipment 
Furniture and fixtures 
Computer hardware and software 
Geological library 
Field equipment 
Leasehold improvements 
Drill equipment 

30% 
20% 
30% 
20% 
20% 
Over the term of the lease 
20% 

(g)  Revenue recognition 

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the 
Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.  Revenue is measured at the fair value of the 
consideration  received,  excluding  discounts,  rebates  and  other  sales tax or duty.  The following 
specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized: 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

3.  

  Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

(g)  Revenue recognition (continued) 

Interest income 
Revenue is recognized as interest accrues (using the effective interest rate, that is, the rate that 
exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument 
to the net carrying amount of the financial asset). 

Other income  
Revenue from other income consists of office rental and contract exploration services provided to 
third parties and are recognized upon completion of the services for which the measurement of the 
consideration can be reasonably assured and the ultimate collection is reasonably assured.  

(h)  Exploration and evaluation 

The Company is in the exploration stage with respect to its investment in exploration and evaluation 
assets  and  accordingly  follows  the  practice  of capitalizing all costs relating to the acquisition of, 
exploration for and development of mineral claims to which the Company has rights and crediting all 
proceeds received for farm-out arrangements or recovery of costs against the cost of the related 
claims.  Such costs include, but are not exclusive to, geological, geophysical studies, exploratory 
drilling  and  sampling.  At  such  time  as  commercial  production  commences,  these  costs  will  be 
charged to operations on a unit-of-production method based on proven and probable reserves.  The 
aggregate costs related to abandoned mineral claims are charged to operations at the time of any 
abandonment or when it has been determined that there is evidence of an impairment. 

The  Company  considers  the  following  facts  and  circumstances  in  determining  if  it  should  test 
exploration and evaluation assets for impairment: 

(i) 

the period for which the Company has the right to explore in the specific area has expired 
during the period or will expire in the near future, and is not expected to be renewed. 

(ii)  substantive expenditure on further exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources in the 

specific area is neither budgeted nor planned. 

(iii)  exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources in the specific area have not led to the 
discovery of commercially viable quantities of mineral resources and the entity has decided to 
discontinue such activities in the specific area; and 

(iv)  sufficient data exists to indicate that, although a development in the specific area is likely to 
proceed,  the  carrying  amount  of  the  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  is  unlikely  to  be 
recovered in full from successful development or by sale. 

An impairment charge relating to a mineral property is subsequently reversed when new exploration 
results or actual or potential proceeds on sale or farm-out of the property result in a revised estimate 
of the recoverable amount but only to the extent that this does not exceed the original carrying value 
of the property that would have resulted if no impairment had been recognized.  General exploration 
costs in areas of interest in which the Company has not secured rights are expensed as incurred. 

12 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

3.  

  Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

(h)  Exploration and evaluation (continued) 

The recoverability of amounts shown for exploration and evaluation assets is dependent upon the 
discovery of economically recoverable reserves, the ability of the Company to obtain financing to 
complete development of the properties, and on future production or proceeds of disposition. 

The Company recognizes in income costs recovered on exploration and evaluation assets when 
amounts received or receivable are in excess of the carrying amount. 

Expenditures are transferred to mining properties and leases or assets under construction once the 
technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource are demonstrable and 
the work completed to date supports the future development of the property.   

Once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the extraction of mineral resources in an area 
of interest are demonstrable, exploration and evaluation assets attributable to that area of interest are 
first tested for impairment and then reclassified to mining property and development assets within 
property, plant and equipment.   

All capitalized exploration and evaluation expenditure is monitored for indications of impairment.  

Where a potential impairment is indicated, assessments are performed for each area of interest.  To 
the extent that exploration expenditure is not expected to be recovered, it is charged to the results of 
operations.    Exploration  areas  where  reserves  have  been  discovered,  but  require  major  capital 
expenditure  before  production  can  begin,  are  continually  evaluated  to  ensure  that  commercial 
quantities of reserves exist or to ensure that additional exploration work is underway as planned. 

(i)  

Impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets   

Property, plant and equipment and finite life intangible assets are reviewed for impairment if there is 
any indication that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If any such indication is present, the 
recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine whether impairment exists. Where 
the  asset  does  not  generate  cash  flows  that  are  independent  from  other  assets,  the  Company 
estimates  the  recoverable  amount  of  the  cash-generating  unit  to  which  the  asset  belongs.  Any 
intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is tested for impairment annually and whenever there is 
an indication that the asset may be impaired. 

An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In 
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value, using a 
pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the 
risks specific to the asset for which estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. 

If the recoverable amount of an asset or cash generating unit is estimated to be less than its carrying 
amount,  the  carrying  amount  is  reduced  to  the  recoverable  amount.  Impairment  is  recognized 
immediately as additional depreciation. Where an impairment subsequently reverses, the carrying 
amount is increased to the revised estimate of recoverable amount but only to the extent that this 
does not exceed the carrying value that would have been determined if no impairment had previously 
been recognized. A reversal is recognized as a reduction in the depreciation charge for the period. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

3.  

  Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

(j)  

Income taxes 

Deferred tax is recorded using the liability method, recognized on temporary differences between the 
carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  the 
corresponding  tax  bases  used  in  the  computation  of  taxable  profit.    Deferred  tax  assets  are 
recognized  for  all  deductible  temporary  differences,  unused  tax  losses  and  other  income  tax 
deductions to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those 
deductible  temporary  differences  can  be  utilized.  The  carrying  amount  of  deferred  tax  assets  is 
reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable 
that  sufficient  taxable  profits  will  be  available  to  allow  all  or  part  of  the  asset  to  be  recovered.  
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if temporary differences arise from goodwill or 
from the initial recognition (other than a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a 
transaction that affects neither taxable profit nor the accounting profit. 

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments 
in subsidiaries and associates, and interest in joint ventures, except where the Company is able to 
control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not 
reverse in the foreseeable future. 

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the 
period in which the liability is settled or the asset is realized, based on tax rates that have been 
substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.  The measurement of deferred tax liabilities 
and assets reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company 
expects to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities at the end of the reporting 
period. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current 
tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same 
taxation authority and the Company intends to settle its current tax liabilities and assets on a net 
basis. 

Current and deferred income tax expense or recovery are recognized in net earnings except when 
they arise as a result of items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity in the 
current  or  prior  periods,  in  which  case  the  related  current  and  deferred  income  taxes  are  also 
recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. 

Any premium paid for flow-through shares in excess of market value of those shares without the flow-
through feature is recorded as other liabilities at the time of issue and recognized as a component of 
tax recovery at the time the qualifying expenditures are made. 

(k)  Share-based payments 

The Company grants stock options to buy common shares of the Company to directors, officers, 
employees and consultants.  The board of directors grants such option for periods of up to five years, 
with vesting periods determined at the sole discretion of the board and at prices equal to the volume 
weighted average price for the five days immediately preceding the date the options were granted. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

3.  

  Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

(k)  Share-based payments (continued) 

The fair value of the options is measured at the date the options are granted, using the Black-Scholes 
option pricing model, and is recognized over the period that the employees earn the options.  The fair 
value  is  recognized  as  an  expense  with  a  corresponding  increase  in  equity  settled  employee 
compensation reserve.  The amount recognized as expense is adjusted to reflect the number of 
share options expected to vest. 

(l)   Share capital 

Proceeds  from  the  exercise  of  stock  options  and  warrants  are  recorded  as  share  capital  in  the 
amount for which the option or warrant enabled the holder to purchase a share in the Company, in 
addition  to  the  proportionate  amount  of  reserves  originally  created  at  the  issuance  of  the  stock 
options or warrants.  Share capital issued for non-monetary consideration is valued at the closing 
market price at the date of issuance.  The proceeds from the issuance of units are allocated between 
common shares and common share purchase warrants based on the residual value method.  Under 
this method, the proceeds are allocated to common shares based on the fair value of a common 
share  at  the  announcement  date  of  the  unit  offering  and  any  residual  remaining  is  allocated  to 
common share purchase warrants. 

(m)  Reclamation and closure cost obligations 

An obligation to incur restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs arises when environmental 
disturbance is caused by the exploration, development or ongoing production of exploration and 
evaluation assets.  Such costs arising for the decommissioning of plant and other site preparation 
work, discounted to their net present value, are provided for and capitalized at the start of each 
project  to  the  carrying  value  of  the  asset,  as  soon  as  the  obligation  to  incur  such  costs  arises.  
Discount rates using a pre-tax rate that reflect the time value of money are used to calculate the net 
present value.  These costs are charged against profit or loss over the economic life of the related 
asset,  through  amortization  using  either  the  unit-of-production  or  the  straight  line  method.    The 
related liability is adjusted for each period for the unwinding of the discount rate and for changes to 
the current market-based discount rate, amount or timing of the underlying cash flows needed to 
settle the obligation.  Costs for restoration of subsequent site damage which is created on an ongoing 
basis during production are provided for at their net present values and charged against profits as 
extraction progresses. 

The Company has $12,500 (2013 - $12,500) of reclamation deposits held with the Ministry of Mines 
should any other reclamation and closure cost obligations arise from its obligations to undertake site 
reclamation  and  remediation  in  connection  with  its  operating  activities  in  British  Columbia  and 
$22,048 (2013 - $20,764) of reclamation deposits held with the State of Nevada should any asset 
retirement  obligation  arise  from  its  obligations  to  undertake  site  reclamation  and  remediation  in 
connection with its operating activities in Nevada. 

When the Company enters into an option agreement on its exploration and evaluations assets, as 
part  of  the  option  agreement,  responsibility  for  any  reclamation  and  remediation  becomes  the 
responsibility of the optionee. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

3.  

  Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

(n)  Net loss per share 

The  Company  presents  the  basic  and  diluted  net  loss  per  share  data  for  its  common  shares, 
calculated by dividing the loss attributable to common shareholders of the Company by the weighted 
average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted net loss per share is 
determined by adjusting the net loss attributable to common shareholders and the weighted average 
number of common shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential common shares. 

(o)  Application of new and revised accounting standards effective January 1, 2014 

The Company has evaluated the following new and revised IFRS standards and has determined 
there to be no material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption: 

•  IFRIC 21 – Levies 
•  Amendments to IAS 32 - Financial Instruments: Presentation 
•  Amended standard IFRS 2 Share-based Payment - The amendment to IFRS 2 re-defines the 

definition of “vesting condition.” 

•  Amended standard IFRS 3 Business Combinations - The amendment to IFRS 3 provides 
further clarification on the accounting treatment for contingent consideration, and provides a 
scope exception for joint ventures. 

•  Amended  standard  IFRS  8  Operating  Segments  -  The  amendments  to  IFRS  8  provides 
further  clarification  on  the  disclosure  required  for  the  aggregation  of  segments  and  the 
reconciliation of segment assets. 

•  Amended standard IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement - The amendment to IFRS 13 provides 

further details on the scope of the portfolio exception. 

•  Amended standard IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment - The amendment to IAS 16 deals 

with the proportionate restatement of accumulated depreciation on revaluation. 

•  Amended standard IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures - The amendment to IAS 24 deals with the 

disclosure required for management entities. 

•  Amended  standard  IAS  38  Intangible  Assets  -  The  amendment  to  IAS  38  deals  with  the 

proportionate restatement of accumulated depreciation on revaluation. 

(p)  Future accounting standards 

Certain  pronouncements  were  issued  by  the  IASB  or  the  International  Financial  Reporting 
Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”) but not yet effective as at December 31, 2014.  The Company 
intends to adopt these standards and interpretations when they become effective.  The Company 
does  not  expect  these  standards  to  have  an  impact  on  its  consolidated  financial  statements. 
Pronouncements that are not applicable to the Company have been excluded from those described 
below.  

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

3.  

  Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

(p)  Future accounting standards (continued) 

The following are the accounting standards issued but not yet effective, as of January 1, 2015. 

(i)    Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015: 

Amended standard IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures - The amendments to IFRS 
7 outline the disclosures required when initially applying IFRS 9 Financial Instruments. 

(ii)    Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017: 

New  standard  IFRS  15  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  -  IFRS  15  provides 
guidance on how and when revenue from contracts with customers is to be recognized, 
along with new disclosure requirements in order to provide financial statement users with 
more informative and relevant information. 

(iii)  Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018: 

New  standard  IFRS  9  Financial  Instruments  -  Partial  replacement  of  IAS  39  Financial 
Instruments:  Recognition  and  Measurement.   The  mandatory  effective  date  has  been 
removed from the standard and will only be replaced when all sections of the standard have 
been completed. 

The Company has not early adopted these new and amended standards and is currently assessing 
the impact that these standards will have on the consolidated financial statements. 

4.  

  Accounts Receivable and Prepaid Expenses 

  Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses consist of the following: 

Accounts receivable 
Excise tax receivable 
Allowance for doubtful accounts 
Prepaid expenses 

  December 31,  December 31, 
2013 
$  346,492 
39,538 
(79,485) 
138,577 
$  445,122 

2014 
$  342,270 
- 
(79,485) 
151,095 
$  413,880 

At December 31, 2014, the Company has recorded value added taxes of $378,819 (2013 - $944,897) 
in exploration and evaluation assets as the value added tax relates to certain projects and will be 
recovered when the assets are sold.  

5.  

  Marketable Securities 

Marketable securities consist of equity securities over which the Company does not have control or 
significant influence.  Marketable securities are designated as available for sale and valued at fair 
value.    Unrealized  gains  and  losses  due  to  year  end  revaluation  to  fair  value,  other  than  those 
determined to be other than significant or prolonged losses are recorded as other comprehensive 
income or loss.  During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company determined that $405,903 
(2013 - $1,274,743; 2012 - $3,856,819) of unrealized loss recorded in available for sale financial 
assets was a result of significant or prolonged losses.  

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

6.  

Inventory  

Inventory consists of 1,597 ounces of gold which is valued at the lower of average cost of mining and 
estimated net realizable value.  The market value of the gold at December 31, 2014 is $2,200,086 
(2013 - $2,005,251). 

7.  

Investment in Associate 

Gold Mountain Mining Corporation  

On  July  26,  2011,  the  Company  closed  an  Asset  Sale  Agreement  under  which  Gold  Mountain 
acquired 100% of the Elk gold deposit in Merritt, British Columbia and Almaden retains a 2% NSR 
(“Net Smelter Return”) royalty in the project.  Under the terms of the agreement, Almaden received 35 
million common shares of Gold Mountain and recorded a gain on sale in the amount of $4,122,166 
and management’s best estimate of the fair value of the contingently issuable shares of $144,000 as 
described in Note 8(a).  Concurrent with the transaction, Almaden sold 8.25 million common shares 
of Gold Mountain to third parties at $0.355 per share for gross proceeds of $2,928,750 resulting in no 
gain or loss on sale and now holds 26.75 million common shares of Gold Mountain representing a 
38.8%  interest.    Upon  completion  of  the  transaction,  Duane  Poliquin  (Chairman  and  Director  of 
Almaden) and Morgan Poliquin (CEO and Director of Almaden) became directors of Gold Mountain.   

Almaden is accounting for this investment using the equity method as the Company has determined 
that significant influence exists.  Almaden has recorded its equity share of Gold Mountain’s loss 
during the year ended December 31, 2014 in the amount of a loss of $135,209 (2013 - $818,889 loss; 
2012  –  $86,963  income).    At  year  ended  December  31,  2014,  the  Company  wrote  down  its 
investment in associates to its fair value and recorded impairment charges of $6,637,288 (2013 - 
$Nil; 2012 - $Nil) as the decline in value was considered significant and prolonged as at December 
31, 2014. 

The continuity of the Company’s investment in associate for the years ended December 31, 2014, 
2013 and 2012 is as follows: 

Balance, beginning of year 
Company’s share of net loss 
Impairment 
Balance, end of year 

$ 

$ 

2014 
9,447,497 
(135,209) 
(6,637,288) 
2,675,000 

$ 

$ 

2013 
10,266,386 
(818,889) 
- 
9,447,497 

$ 

$ 

2012 
10,179,423 
86,963 
- 
10,266,386 

During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company charged Gold Mountain $Nil (2013 - $Nil; 
2012 - $352,674) for expenditures relating to the Elk project and IP services undertaken on behalf of 
Gold Mountain.  These amounts were valued at the exchange amount agreed to by the parties. The 
following table summarizes the financial information of Gold Mountain for its year ended December 
31, 2014 and 2013: 

Current assets 
Non-current assets 
Current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Revenue 
Loss 

2014 
3,085,070 
27,661,031 
40,827 
1,664,608 
9,953 
379,047 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

2013 
      2,606,837 
      28,529,408 
         51,923 
1,694,901 
         51,141 
       341,483 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

8.  

  Contingent Shares Receivable 

(a)  Gold Mountain Mining Corporation 

As part of the Asset Sale Agreement with Gold Mountain, Almaden received an additional 2 million 
common shares held in escrow subject to the following conditions: 

i.  1,000,000 common shares upon the establishment of one million ounces of measured or 

indicated reserves of gold on the property; and 

ii.  1,000,000 common shares upon the establishment of an additional one million ounces of 

measured and indicated reserves of gold on the property. 

Any bonus shares not released from escrow within five years will be cancelled.  The Company has 
recorded a contingent share receivable of $15,000 (2013 - $13,500) based on management’s best 
estimate of the fair value of the common shares as at December 31 , 2014 and a gain on fair value 
adjustment of $1,500 (2013 - $76,500; 2012 - $54,000) in the statements of comprehensive loss 
during the year ended December 31, 2014. 

(b)  Goldgroup Mining Inc. 

On October 14, 2011, the Company completed the sale of its 30% interest in the Caballo Blanco 
property to Goldgroup Mining Inc. (“Goldgroup”).  The Company retains in its Mexican subsidiary an 
undivided  1.5%  NSR  in  Caballo  Blanco.    In  consideration,  Goldgroup  paid  to  Almaden  cash 
consideration of US$2.5 million and issued 7 million of its common shares.  An additional 7 million 
common shares will be issued to Almaden under the following conditions: 

i.   1,000,000 common shares upon commencement of commercial production on the Caballo 

Blanco project, 

ii.   2,000,000 common shares upon measured and indicated resources including cumulative 

production reaching 2,000,000 ounces of gold, 

iii.   2,000,000  common  shares  upon  measured,  indicated  and  inferred  resources  including 

cumulative production reaching 5,000,000 ounces of gold, and 

iv.   2,000,000  common  shares  upon  measured,  indicated  and  inferred  resources  including 

cumulative production reaching 10,000,000 ounces of gold. 

On  December  24,  2014,  Goldgroup  sold  Caballo  Blanco  to  Timmins  Gold  Corp  (“Timmins”).    If 
Timmins achieves the above conditions, management believes that the bonus common shares will 
continue to be payable from Goldgroup. 

The Company has recorded a contingent share receivable of $54,600 (2013 - $31,200) based on  
management’s best estimate of the fair value of the common shares as at December 31, 2014 and a 
gain  on  fair  value  adjustment  in  the  statements  of  comprehensive  loss  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2014 of $23,400 (2013 - $117,000 loss; 2012 - $370,500 loss). 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

9.  

  Property, Plant and Equipment  

Automotive 
equipment 

Furniture 
and fixtures 

Computer 
hardware 

Computer 
software 

Geological 
library 

Field 
equipment 

Leasehold 
improvements 

Drill 
equipment 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Total 

$ 

Cost 
December 31, 
2013 

  Additions  

  Disposals  
December 31, 
2014 

541,260 

   139,195  

330,090  

214,812 

65,106 

452,110 

27,181 

1,534,988 

3,304,742 

- 

- 

- 

- 

13,039 

- 

513 

- 

- 

- 

9,388 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

22,940 

- 

541,260 

139,195 

343,129 

215,325 

65,106 

461,498 

27,181 

1,534,988 

3,327,682 

Accumulated depreciation 
December 31, 
2013 

418,088  

127,816 

288,001 

146,856 

58,976 

312,233 

 27,181  

822,521 

2,201,672 

Disposals 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

36,951 

2,276 

14,582 

20,464 

1,226 

27,647 

- 

- 

- 

- 

142,493 

245,639 

Depreciation 
December 31, 
2014 

Carrying 
amounts 
December 31, 
2013 
December 31, 
2014 

455,039 

130,092 

302,583 

167,320 

60,202 

339,880 

27,181 

965,014 

2,447,311 

123,172 

11,379 

42,089 

67,956 

6,130 

139,877 

86,221 

9,103 

40,546 

48,005 

4,904 

121,618 

- 

- 

712,467 

1,103,070 

569,974 

880,371 

20 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Disposals  
December 31, 
2013 

Depreciation 
December 31, 
2013 

Carrying 
amounts 
December 31, 
2012 
December 31, 
2013 

Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

9.  

  Property, Plant and Equipment (Continued) 

Automotive 
equipment 

Furniture 
and fixtures 

Computer 
hardware 

Computer 
software 

Geological 
library 

Field 
equipment 

Leasehold 
improvements 

Drill 
equipment 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Total 

$ 

Cost 
December 31, 
2012 

532,095  

   139,195  

   326,995  

    204,417  

       65,106  

   420,402  

 27,181  

1,493,365  

3,208,756  

  Additions  

9,165  

- 

- 

- 

3,095 

10,395 

- 

- 

- 

- 

31,708 

- 

- 

- 

41,623 

95,986 

- 

- 

541,260 

 139,195  

 330,090  

 214,812  

     65,106  

 452,110  

 27,181  

1,534,988  

 3,304,742  

Accumulated depreciation 
December 31, 
2012 

367,264  

124,971  

270,627  

119,960  

57,444  

 281,227  

 27,181  

   649,608  

1,898,282  

Disposals 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

50,824 

2,845 

17,374 

26,896 

1,532  

31,006 

- 

- 

- 

- 

172,913 

303,390 

418,088  

 127,816  

 288,001  

  146,856  

     58,976  

 312,233  

 27,181  

 822,521 

 2,201,672  

164,831 

14,224 

56,368 

84,457 

7,662 

139,175 

123,172  

11,379 

42,089 

67,956 

6,130 

139,877 

- 

- 

843,757 

1,310,474 

712,467 

1,103,070 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

10.    Exploration and Evaluation Assets 

Exploration and evaluation 
  assets  

Acquisition costs 
Opening balance 
 (December 31, 2013) 

Additions 

Impairment of deferred  acquisition costs 
 Closing balance 
 (December 31, 2014) 

Deferred exploration costs 
Opening balance 
 (December 31, 2013) 

Costs incurred during the year: 

Drilling and related costs 

Professional/technical fees 

Claim maintenance/lease cost 

Geochemical, metallurgy 

Technical studies  

Travel and accommodation  

Geology, geophysics, exploration 

Supplies and misc. 

Reclamation, environmental 

Water exploration 

Value-added tax 

Tuligtic 

$ 

El 
Cobre 

$ 

ATW 

Willow 

Other 
Properties 

Total  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1,232,765 

47,261 

46,451 

148,254 

13,045 

1,487,776 

1,137,914 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

(46,450) 

(148,253) 

1,015 
(1,016) 

1,138,929 

(195,719) 

2,370,679 

47,261 

1 

1 

13,044 

2,430,986 

19,131,734  

1,315,226 

1,423,530 

700,688  

388,195  

22,959,373 

1,448,003 

267,219 

248,142 

387,705 

1,112,037 

377,900 

812,043 

14,236 

129,108 

4,155 

355,442 

- 
43,628 

58,321 

735 

- 

6,260 

27,272 

5,285 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
23,712 

- 

- 

- 
19,186 

25,956 

117,640 

1,448,003 

330,033 

473,771 

407,496 

19,056 

- 

1,112,037 

7,255 

89,054 

6,545 

- 

- 

391,415 

928,369 

26,138 

129,108 

4,155 

23,377 

378,819 

- 

- 

- 

- 

72 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Impairment of deferred exploration costs 

- 
5,155,990 

- 
141,501 

(1,447,314) 
(1,423,530) 

(726,644) 
(700,688) 

(200,987) 
81,126 

(2,374,945) 
3,254,399 

Closing balance  
 (December 31, 2014) 
Total exploration and 
 evaluation assets 

24,287,724 

1,456,727 

26,658,403 

1,503,988 

- 

1 

- 

1 

469,321 

26,213,772 

482,365 

28,644,758 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

10.    Exploration and Evaluation Assets (Continued) 

Exploration and evaluation 
  assets  

Acquisition costs 
Opening balance 
 (December 31, 2012) 

Additions 

Proceeds from options 

Proceeds received from options on 
exploration and evaluation assets in excess 
(deficiency) of cost- reclassified to loss 

Impairment of deferred acquisition costs 
 Closing balance 
 (December 31, 2013) 

Deferred exploration costs 
Opening balance 
 (December 31, 2012) 

Costs incurred during the year: 

Drilling and related costs 

Professional/technical fees 

Claim maintenance/lease costs 

Geochemical, metallurgy 

Travel and accommodation  

Geology, exploration 

Supplies and misc. 

Geophysical, geosciences 

Reclamation, environmental 

Water exploration 

Value added tax 

Recoveries 

Proceeds from options 

Proceeds received from options on 
exploration and evaluation assets in excess 
(deficiency) of cost reclassified to loss 

Impairment of deferred exploration costs 

Closing balance  
 (December 31, 2013) 
Total exploration and 
 evaluation assets 

Tuligtic 

$ 

El 
Cobre 

$ 

ATW 

Willow 

Other 
Properties 

Total  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

   231,059  

1,001,706 

45,599 

1,662 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

46,451 

148,254  

205,108 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

513,264 

(317,420) 

676,471 
1,516,632 
(317,420) 

(387,896) 
(11) 

(387,896) 

(11) 

  1,232,765  

47,261 

46,451 

148,254  

 13,045 

 1,487,776 

12,331,526  

1,107,394 

1,407,365 

677,626  

409,068  

15,932,979 

2,052,023 

738,760 

229,926 

1,478,443 

305,115 

841,065 

34,632 

61,933 

39,983 

129,228 

889,100 

- 

- 

- 

- 

87,882 
25,584 
49,318 
30,585 
1,609 
4,740 
- 
- 
8,114 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
15,550 
- 
- 
531 
84 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
1,597 
21,465 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6,800,208 

19,131,734 

20,364,499 

207,832 
1,315,226 
1,362,487 

16,165 
1,423,530 
1,469,981 

23,062 
700,688 
848,942 

- 
65,280 
403,709 
37,452 
3,187 
153,701 
9,349 
- 
1,745 

- 

55,797 

(16,956) 

(35,000) 

2,139,905 

831,221 

719,968 

1,546,480 

309,911 

1,000,037 

44,065 

61,933 

49,842 

129,228 

944,897 

(16,956) 

(35,000) 

(328,110) 

(328,110) 

(371,027) 

(327,027) 

(20,873) 
388,195 
401,240 

7,026,394 

22,959,373 

24,447,149 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

10.    Exploration and Evaluation Assets (Continued) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  the  Company’s  most  significant  property  interest  and  related 
spending commitments:   

(a)  Tuligtic 

In 2001, the Company acquired by staking a 100% interest in the Tuligtic property in Puebla, Mexico. 
The property contains the Ixtaca Zone. 

(b)   El Cobre  

During 2011, the Company completed the sale of its 30% interest in the Caballo Blanco property 
located in Veracruz, Mexico to Goldgroup.  As part of the sale, Goldgroup transferred to Almaden its 
40% interest in the El Cobre property. The Company owns a 100% interest in the El Cobre property.   

(c)  ATW 

The Company has a net 66.2% interest in this diamond property in the Northwest Territories, Canada 
through its 50% ownership of shares in ATW Resources Ltd. which holds the mineral claim.  Given 
that no further expenditures are planned, the company recorded a write-down in 2014 of $1,493,764 
(2013 - $Nil; 2012: $Nil) to a carrying value of $1. 

(d)  Willow 

In 2007, the Company acquired a 100% interest in the Willow property in Nevada, U.S.A. by staking.  
Given that no further expenditures are planned, the Company recorded a write-down in 2014 of 
$874,897 (2013 - $Nil; 2012 - $Nil) to a carrying value of $1. 

(e)  Other  

(i)  Nicoamen River  
The Company staked and acquired a 100% interest in the Nicoamen River property located 
in the southern interior region of British Columbia, Canada. 

(ii)  Skoonka Creek  
The Company has a 34.14% interest in the Skoonka Creek gold property located northeast of 
Lytton, British Columbia, Canada.  The Company recorded a write-down in 2014 of $Nil 
(2013 - $8,077; 2012 - $Nil). 

(iii)   Merit 
The Company acquired by staking a 100% interest in the Merit property.  During 2010, the 
Company entered into an Option Agreement with Sunburst Explorations Inc. (“Sunburst”) to 
earn a 60% interest subject to certain terms and conditions.  Sunburst terminated the Option 
Agreement in 2013.  The Company recorded a write-down in 2014 of $109,734 (2013 – 
$5,697; 2012 – income of $5,000). 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

10.    Exploration and Evaluation Assets (Continued) 

(e) 

  Other (Continued) 

(iv)   San Jose 
The Company purchased a 100% interest in the San Jose claim.  The Company recorded a 
write-down in 2014 of $427 (2013 - $24,676; 2012 - $56,283). 

(v)   Yago & BP 
In 2013, the Yago and BP properties were vended along with several others (Black Jack 
Springs property in Nevada and the Mezquites, San Pedro and Llano Grande properties in 
Mexico) to Tarsis Resources Ltd. (“Tarsis”) for 4 million shares of Tarsis and a 2% NSR 
royalty.  In addition, Tarsis must issue an additional 200,000 shares to the Company for each 
new property acquired within the area of influence and a further 800,000 shares upon the first 
time disclosure of a mineral resource on each and any of the new properties.  In 2013, the 
Company’s carrying value of the properties was $438,530 resulting in a loss of $218,532 as 
reported in Note 13. 

(vi)  Matehuapil 
During  2007,  the  Company  was  successful  in  its  bid  to  acquire  a  100%  interest  in  the 
Matehuapil claim.  In 2008 the purchase price was paid outright.  A bond in the amount of 
$138,929 (“Mineral Property Deposit”) to pay for the purchase of an NSR royalty was required 
to remain in place until the NSR was purchased.  The company abandoned the claims in 
2013 and the bond was released on June 3, 2014. 

(vii) Caldera 
The Company acquired a 100% interest in the Caldera property by staking.  The Company 
recorded a write-down in 2014 of $35,846 (2013 - $102,021; 2012 - $485,693). 

(viii)  Other write-downs of interest in exploration and evaluation assets 
The Company wrote down its interest in other exploration and evaluation assets in aggregate 
by $55,996 at year ended December 31, 2014 (2013 - $190,984; 2012 – $343,739). 

11. 

  Share Capital and Reserves 

(a)  Authorized share capital 

At December 31, 2014, the authorized share capital comprised an unlimited number of common 
shares.  The common shares do not have a par value.  All issued shares are fully paid.   

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

11.    Share Capital and Reserves (Continued) 

(b)  Details of private placement and other issues of common shares in 2014 and 2013 

On  August  1,  2014,  the  Company  closed  a  non-brokered  private  placement  by  the  issuance  of 
4,000,000 units at a price of $1.50 per unit for gross proceeds to the Company of $6,000,000 less 
share issue costs of $256,111.  Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one non-
transferrable common share purchase warrant.  Each whole warrant allows the holder to purchase 
one common share at a price of $2.00 per common share until August 1, 2015.  A finder’s fee of 
$107,400 in cash and finder’s warrants to purchase up to 48,000 common shares at a price of $1.50 
per common share until August 1, 2015 was paid on a portion of the placement.  The fair value of the 
finder’s warrants of $15,361 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the 
following assumptions: Risk-free interest rate – 1.0%; Expected life – 1 year; Expected volatility – 
49.30%; and Expected dividend yield – 0%.  In connection with the private placement, the company 
also incurred $133,350 share issue costs.  The proceeds of the private placement were allocated to 
share capital and nil value to the warrants under the residual value method. 

On November 28, 2013, the Company issued 10,000 common shares at a deemed value of $1.15 per 
share as a payment to modify the Caballo Blanco royalty agreement. 

On July 17, 2013 the Company completed a non-brokered private placement of 4,376,000 units at a 
price of $1.25 per unit for gross proceeds of $5,470,000 less share issue costs of $458,996.  Each 
unit consists of one common share and one non-transferable common share purchase warrant.  
Each warrant allows the holder to purchase one common share at a price of $1.50 per common share 
until January 17, 2015 and, thereafter, at a price of $1.80 per common share until July 17, 2016.  The 
proceeds of the private placement were allocated to share capital and nil value to the warrants under 
the residual value method. 

A finder’s fee of $232,500 in cash and finder’s warrants to purchase up to 186,000 common shares at 
a price of $1.50 per common share until July 17, 2016 was paid on a portion of the placement.  The 
fair  value  of  the  finder’s  warrants  of  $107,880  was  allocated  to  share  capital  and  reserves  for 
warrants.  The Company paid other share issue costs of $118,616. 

On February 22, 2013, the Company issued 250,000 common shares at a deemed value of $2.15 per 
share pursuant to a property acquisition agreement on the Tuligtic project. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

11.    Share Capital and Reserves (Continued) 

(c)  Warrants 

The continuity of warrants for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 are as follows: 

Exercise 
Price 
$ 1.50  
$ 1.50 
$ 1.50 
$ 2.00 

Expiry date 
July 17, 2016* 
July 17, 2016 
August 1, 2015 
August 1, 2015 

Weighted average 
  exercise price 

December 31, 
2013 
4,376,000 
186,000 

Granted 

Exercised 
- 

Expired/ 
cancelled 
- 

48,000 
2,000,000 
2,048,000 

4,562,000 

$ 1.50 

$ 1.99 

- 

- 

- 

- 

December 31, 
2014 
4,376,000 
186,000 
48,000 
2,000,000 
6,610,000 

$1.65 

*  Exercise price is increased to $1.80 per share if the warrants are not exercised by January 17, 2015.  
Since these warrants were not exercised by January 17, 2015, the exercise price has increased to 
$1.80 per share. 

Exercise 
Price 
$ 1.50  
$ 1.50 

 December 31, 
2012 
- 
- 

Expiry date 
July 17, 2016* 
July 17, 2016 

Weighted average 
  exercise price 

Exercised 
- 
- 

Granted 
4,376,000 
186,000 
4,562,000 

$ 1.50 

Expired/ 
cancelled 
- 
- 
- 

December 31, 
2013 
4,376,000 
186,000 
4,562,000 

- 

$ 1.50 

No warrants were granted nor exercised during the year ended December 31, 2012.  There were no 
warrants outstanding at December 31, 2012. 

The weighted average fair value of warrants granted during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 
2013 calculated using the Black-Scholes model at issue date, are as follows:   

Number of 
warrants 

48,000 

186,000 

Date of issue 

August 1, 2014 

July 17, 2013 

Weighted average assumptions used 

Fair value 
per share 

Risk free 
interest 
rate 

Expected 
life  
(in years) 

Expected 
volatility 

Expected 
dividends 

$ 0.32 

$ 0.58 

1.00% 

1.39% 

1 

3 

49.30% 

55.95% 

$Nil 

$Nil 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

11.    Share Capital and Reserves (Continued) 

(d)  Share purchase option compensation plan  

The Company’s stock option plan permits the issuance of options up to a maximum of 10% of the 
Company’s issued share capital.  Stock options issued to any consultant or person providing investor 
relations services cannot exceed 2% of the issued and outstanding common shares in any twelve 
month period. At December 31, 2014, the Company had reserved 587,832 stock options that may be 
granted. The exercise price of any option cannot be less than the volume weighted average trading 
price  of  the  shares  for  the  five  trading  days  immediately  preceding  the  date  of  the  grant.    The 
maximum term of all options is five years.  The Board of Directors determines the term of the option 
(to a maximum of five years) and the time during which any option may vest.  Options granted to 
consultants or persons providing investor relations services shall vest in stages with no more than 
25% of such option being exercisable in any three month period.  All options granted during the years 
ended  December  31,  2014,  2013  and  2012  vested on the date granted. The continuity of stock 
options for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 are as follows: 

Exercise 
price 
$2.18 
$1.96 
$2.53 
$0.81 
$1.14 
$2.26 
$1.67 
$1.00 
$0.92 
$2.22 
$2.67 
$2.73 
$1.51 
$3.29 
$1.56 
$2.93 
$1.40 
$2.18 
$2.25 
$2.63 
$2.53 
$1.98 
$1.66 
$1.19 
$1.50 

Expiry date 
May 4, 2014 
July 13, 2014 
November 22, 2014 
November 25, 2014  
January 4, 2015 
February 22, 2015 
April 25, 2015 
June 21, 2015 
July 16, 2015 
August 27, 2015 
September 20, 2015 
November 22, 2015 
May 6, 2016 
June 8, 2016 
July 14, 2016 
August 15, 2016 
October 10, 2016 
May 4, 2017 
June 8, 2017 
September 11, 2017 
November 22, 2017 
April 4, 2018 
June 18, 2018 
January 2, 2019 
July 2, 2019 
Options outstanding 
  and exercisable 
Weighted average 
  exercise price 

December 31, 
2013 

65,000 
170,000 
60,000 
150,000 
970,000 
20,000 
25,000 
140,000 
200,000 
205,000 
100,000 
75,000 
- 
2,270,000 
- 
150,000 
- 
225,000 
75,000 
500,000 
100,000 
90,000 
250,000 
- 
- 

Granted 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
65,000 
- 
150,000 
- 
150,000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
375,000 
150,000 

Exercised 
- 
- 
- 
(150,000) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Expired / 
cancelled 
(65,000) 
(170,000) 
(60,000) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

December 31, 
2014 
- 
- 
- 
- 
970,000 
20,000 
25,000 
140,000 
200,000 
205,000 
100,000 
75,000 
65,000 
2,270,000 
150,000 
150,000 
150,000 
225,000 
75,000 
500,000 
100,000 
90,000 
250,000 
375,000 
150,000 

5,840,000 

890,000 

(150,000) 

(295,000) 

6,285,000 

$2.38 

$1.36 

$0.81 

$2.12 

$2.29 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

11.    Share Capital and Reserves (Continued) 

(d)  Share purchase option compensation plan (continued) 

Expiry date 
March 17, 2013 
April 12, 2013 
December 29, 2013 
May 4, 2014 
July 13, 2014 
November 22, 2014 
November 25, 2014  
January 4, 2015 
February 22, 2015 
April 25, 2015 
June 21, 2015 
July 16, 2015 
August 27, 2015 
September 20, 2015 
November 22, 2015 
June 8, 2016 
August 15, 2016 
May 4, 2017 
June 8, 2017 
September 11, 2017 
November 22, 2017 
April 4, 2018 
June 18, 2018 
Options outstanding 
  and exercisable 
Weighted average 
  exercise price 

Exercise 
price 
$2.35 
$2.36 
$0.68 
$2.18 
$1.96 
$2.53 
$0.81 
$1.14 
$2.26 
$1.67 
$1.00 
$0.92 
$2.22 
$2.67 
$2.73 
$3.29 
$2.93 
$2.18 
$2.25 
$2.63 
$2.53 
$1.98 
$1.66 

December 31, 
2012 
40,000 
25,000 
125,000 
65,000 
170,000 
60,000 
150,000 
1,040,000 
- 
- 
140,000 
200,000 
205,000 
100,000 
125,000 
2,320,000 
200,000 
250,000 
75,000 
500,000 
100,000 
- 
- 

Granted 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
20,000 
25,000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
90,000 
250,000 

Exercised 
(25,000) 
- 
(125,000) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(70,000) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Expired / 
cancelled 
(15,000) 
(25,000) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(50,000) 
(50,000) 
(50,000) 
(25,000) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

December 31, 
2013 
- 
- 
- 
65,000 
170,000 
60,000 
150,000 
970,000 
20,000 
25,000 
140,000 
200,000 
205,000 
100,000 
75,000 
2,270,000 
150,000 
225,000 
75,000 
500,000 
100,000 
90,000 
250,000 

5,890,000  385,000 

(220,000) 

(215,000) 

5,840,000 

$2.39 

$1.77 

$1.02 

$2.77 

$2.38 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

11.    Share Capital and Reserves (Continued) 

(d)  Share purchase option compensation plan (continued) 

Exercise 
price 
$3.90 
$2.32 
$2.72 
$2.68 
$4.30 
$2.35 
$2.36 
$0.68 
$2.18 
$1.96 
$2.53 
$0.81 
$1.14 
$1.00 
$0.92 
$2.22 
$2.67 
$2.73 
$3.29 
$2.93 
$2.18 
$2.25 
$2.63 
$2.53 

Expiry date 
March 25, 2012 
September 10, 2012 
November 1, 2012 
November 15, 2012 
December 13, 2012 
March 17, 2013 
April 12, 2013 
December 29, 2013 
May 4, 2014 
July 13, 2014 
November 22, 2014 
November 25, 2014  
January 4, 2015 
June 21, 2015 
July 16, 2015 
August 27, 2015 
September 20, 2015 
November 22, 2015 
June 8, 2016 
August 15, 2016 
May 4, 2017 
June 8, 2017 
September 11, 2017 
November 22, 2017 
Options outstanding  
 and exercisable 
Weighted average 
  exercise price 

December 31, 
2011 

45,000 
500,000 
60,000 
100,000 
25,000 
40,000 
- 
125,000 
- 
- 
- 
150,000 
1,040,000 
240,000 
200,000 
205,000 
100,000 
125,000 
2,320,000 
200,000 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Granted 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
25,000 
- 
65,000 
170,000 
60,000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
250,000 
75,000 
500,000 
100,000 

Exercised 
- 
(500,000) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(100,000) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Expired / 
cancelled 
(45,000) 
- 
(60,000) 
(100,000) 
(25,000) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

December 31, 

2012 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
40,000 
25,000 
125,000 
65,000 
170,000 
60,000 
150,000 
1,040,000 
140,000 
200,000 
205,000 
100,000 
125,000 
2,320,000 
200,000 
250,000 
75,000 
500,000 
100,000 

5,475,000  1,245,000 

(600,000) 

(230,000) 

5,890,000 

$2.39 

$2.38 

$2.10 

$3.11 

$2.39 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

11. 

Share Capital and Reserves (Continued) 

(d)  Share purchase option compensation plan (continued) 

The weighted average fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2014, 
2013, and 2012, calculated using the Black-Scholes model at grant date, are as follows:   

Weighted average assumptions used  

Number 
of 

options  Date of grant 
150,000  October 10, 2014 
150,000  July 14, 2014 
150,000  July 2, 2014 
65,000  May 6, 2014 

375,000  January 2, 2014 
250,000  June 18, 213 
25,000  April 25, 2013 
90,000  April 4, 2013 
20,000  February 22, 2013 
100,000  November 22, 2012 
60,000  November 22, 2012 
500,000  September 11, 2012 
170,000  July 13, 2012 
75,000  June 8, 2012 
250,000  May 4, 2012 
65,000  May 4, 2012 
25,000  April 12, 2012 

Fair 
value per 
share 
$0.40 
$0.46 
$0.83 
$0.42 
$0.76 
$1.01 
$0.51 
$1.17 
$0.57 
$1.58 
$0.72 
$1.76 
$0.80 
$1.63 
$2.03 
$1.05 
$0.74 

Risk free 
interest 
rate 
0.99% 
1.08% 
1.47% 
1.08% 
1.43% 
1.62% 
1.19% 
1.62% 
0.99% 
1.37% 
1.17% 
1.22% 
1.07% 
1.20% 
1.20% 
1.00% 
1.00% 

Expected 
life 
(in years) 
2 
2 
5 
2 
5 
5 
2 
5 
2 
5 
2 
5 
2 
5 
5 
1.5 
1 

Expected 
volatility 
51.09% 
52.55% 
66.05% 
52.61% 
68.01% 
78.71% 
48.19% 
78.27% 
50.12% 
77.91% 
50.80% 
77.87% 
76.42% 
74.66% 
75.79% 
75.79% 
76.46% 

Expected 
dividends 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 
$Nil 

12.     Related Party Transactions and Balances 

(a)  Compensation of key management personnel 

Key management includes members of the Board, the President and Chief Executive Officer, the 
Chief Financial Officer and the Vice President, Corporate Development (Effective September 22, 
2014).  The aggregate compensation paid or payable to key management for services is as follows: 

December 31, 
2014 

December 31, 
2013 

December 31, 
2012 

Salaries, fees and benefits 
Share based compensation 
Director’s fees 

(i) 

(ii) 

$    738,125 
469,500 
48,000 
$ 1,255,625 

(i) 

(iii) 

$    690,700 
340,250 
48,000 
$ 1,078,950 

(i) 

(iv) 

$    828,488 
1,468,500 
39,000 
$ 2,335,988 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

12.       Related Party Transactions and Balances (Continued) 

(a)  Compensation of key management personnel (continued) 

(i)  During 2014, Hawk Mountain Resources Ltd. (“Hawk Mountain”), a private company of which the 
Chairman  of  the  Company  is  a  shareholder,  was  paid  $240,000  (2013  -  $240,000;  2012  – 
$315,000)  for  geological  services  provided  to  the  Company  and  is  recorded  in  general 
exploration expenses.   

(ii)  Comprised of 675,000 options granted pursuant to the Company’s stock option plan during 
2014, all of which vested on the grant date.  The value of 375,000 option-based awards is based 
on the fair value of the awards ($0.76) calculated using the Black-Scholes model at the January 
2, 2014 grant date.  The value of 150,000 option-based awards is based on the fair value of the 
awards ($0.83) calculated using the Black-Scholes model at the July 2, 2014 grant date. The 
value of 150,000 option based awards is based on the fair value of the awards ($0.40) calculated 
using the Black-Scholes model at the October 10, 2014 grant date. 

(iii)  Comprised of 325,000 options granted pursuant to the Company’s stock option plan during the 
year, all of which vested on the grant date.  The value of 75,000 option-based awards is based on 
the fair value of the awards ($1.17) calculated using the Black-Scholes model at the April 3, 2013 
grant date.  The value of 250,000 option-based awards is based on the fair value of the awards 
($1.01) calculated using the Black-Scholes model at the June 18, 2013 grant date. 

(iv)  Comprised of 925,000 options granted pursuant to the Company’s stock option plan during the 
year, all of which vested on the grant date. The value of 250,000 option-based awards is based 
on the fair value of the awards ($1.32) calculated using the Black-Scholes model at the May 4, 
2012 grant date.  The value of 75,000 option-based awards is based on the fair value of the 
awards ($1.34) calculated using the Black-Scholes model at the June 8, 2012 grant date.  The 
value  of  500,000  option-based  awards  is  based  on  the  fair  value  of  the  awards  ($1.76) 
calculated using the Black-Scholes model at the September 11, 2012 grant date.  The value of 
100,000 option-based awards is based on the fair value of the awards ($1.58) calculated using 
the Black-Scholes model at the November 22, 2012 grant date. 

(b)  Other related party transactions  

i)  ATW Resources Ltd. (“ATW”) 

Almaden owns a 50% interest in this company which holds title in trust for a mineral property. 

ii)  Other 

(a)  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014,  the  Company  paid  a  company  controlled  by  a 
Director of the Company $Nil (2013 - $1,500; 2012 - $Nil) for consulting services provided to the 
Company. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

12.    Related Party Transactions and Balances (Continued) 

ii)  Other (continued) 

(b)  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014,  the  Company  paid  a  company  controlled  by  a 
Director of the Company, $Nil (2013 - $700; 2012 - $488) for accounting services provided to the 
Company. 

(c)  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014,  no  payments  were  paid  to  Hawk  Mountain  for 
marketing and general administration services provided by the spouse of the Chairman (2013 - 
$6,300; 2012 - $12,000). 

(d)  During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company employed the Chairman’s daughter for 
a salary of $34,050 less statutory deductions (2013 - $34,000; 2012 - $62,216) for marketing and 
administrative services provided to the Company. 

13.   

Income (Loss) on Exploration and Evaluation Assets  

Income (loss) on exploration and evaluation assets is comprised of the following: 

Sale of Yago, Mezquites, Llano Grande, 
   San Pedo, BP and Black Jack Springs  
   properties 
Sale of Caballo Blanco 
Other 

2014 

Year ended December 31, 
2012 

2013 

$             - 
- 
55,111 
$   55,111 

$   (218,532) 
(469,045) 
(28,429) 
$   (716,006) 

$             - 
- 
47,500 
$   47,500 

During the year ended December 31, 2014, recorded in Other is a reduction of the December 31, 
2013 accrual reversing previous years’ exploration costs as a result of a Canada Revenue Agency 
review of Almaden’s 2010 and 2011 British Columbia Mining Exploration Tax Credit (“BCMETC”) from 
various grassroots mineral projects in British Columbia, Canada.  

During year ended December 31, 2013, the Company paid $469,045 in the form of cash and shares 
as part of the consideration payable to obtain a reduction in a royalty with respect to the Caballo 
Blanco  property.    The  payment  and  shares  are  the  result  of a 2011 royalty agreement that  was 
subsequently amended pursuant to an Amended Royalty Agreement. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

14.    Net Loss Per Share  

Basic and diluted net loss per share 

The calculation of basic net loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2014 was based on the 
loss attributable to common shareholders of $14,982,667; (2013 - $6,356,609; 2012 - $10,238,377) 
and a weighted average number of common shares outstanding of 66,331,061 (2013 – 62,054,987; 
2012 –59,349,992). 

The calculation of diluted net loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 
did not include the effect of stock options and warrants as they were anti-dilutive. 

15.    Supplemental Cash Flow Information 

   Supplemental information regarding non-cash transactions is as follows: 

Investing and financing activities 

Fair value of share options transferred to 
  share capital on exercise of options 

Shares received on sale of Dill property 
Shares received on sale of Yago, 
  Mezquites, Llano Grande, San Pedro 
  BP and Black Jack Springs properties 

December 31, 
2014 

December 31, 
2013 

December 31, 
2012 

$  67,500 

$   136,650 

$   624,000 

- 

- 

5,000 

17,500 

220,000 

- 

Supplemental information regarding the split between cash and cash equivalents is as follows: 

Cash 
Term Deposits 

December 31, 
2014 

December 31, 
2013 

$    1,372,548 
6,800,050 
$     8,172,598 

$       1,694,723 
10,300,050 
$     11,994,773 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

16.   

Income Taxes 

(a)  The provision for income taxes differs from the amounts computed by applying the Canadian 

statutory rates to the net loss before income taxes due to the following: 

Loss before income taxes
Statutory rate

Expected income tax
Effect of different tax rates in foreign jurisdictions
Non-deductible stock based compensation
Other permanent items
Change in deferred tax assets not recognized
Impact of change in tax rates
Impact of change in expected manner of recovery
Impact of deferred tax rates applied vs. current statutory rates
Share issuance costs
True-ups and Other

 December 31, 
2014 
(13,143,185)
26.00%

$       

 December 31, 
2013 
(6,356,609)
25.75%

$         

(3,417,228)
(79,333)
147,108
251,520
3,832,705

-

1,128,469

-
(99,089)
75,330
1,839,482

$          

(1,636,827)
(98,395)
98,352
731,637
3,864,161
(449,174)
-
(5,211)
(119,339)
(2,385,204)

$                     
-

The  applicable  tax  rate  in  Canada  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014  was  26%  which 
reflects the legislated provincial tax rate increase from 10% to 11% on April 1, 2013. 

(b)  The Company’s deferred income tax expense and deferred income tax liability relates to the 
Mexican income tax and Special Mining Duty (“SMD”) associated with the Tuligtic project.  As a 
consequence of management’s plan and intention to complete a spin-out of certain Company 
assets and liabilities (Note 22 (b)), management has determined that the Company will most 
likely recover the carrying amount of the Tuligtic property through use rather than through sale.  
Before the spin-out was planned, it was management’s expectation that the carrying amount of 
the  Tuligtic  property  would  be  recovered  through  sale  rather  than  through  use.    Given  this 
change in expected manner of recovery during the year, the Company has reflected the tax 
impacts in the 2014 financial statements as follows: 

Deferred tax assets 
  Non-capital losses
  Property, plant and equipment

Deferred tax liabilities
  Exploration and evaluation assets
  Contingent shares receivable

 December 31, 
2014 

 December 31, 
2013 

$        

3,807,495
(4,630)
3,802,865

$       

3,916,383
149,169
4,065,552

(5,630,725)
(11,622)
(5,642,347)

(4,053,930)
(11,622)
(4,065,552)

Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)

$      

(1,839,482)

$                  
-

35 

 
 
 
           
           
                
                
               
                 
               
               
            
            
                       
              
            
                       
                       
                  
                
              
                 
           
 
 
 
 
          
         
        
        
             
             
        
        
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

16.   

Income Taxes (Continued) 

(c)  Deductible  temporary  differences,  unused  tax  losses  and  unused  tax  credits  for  which  no 

deferred tax assets have been recognized are attributable to the following: 

 December 31, 
2014 

 December 31, 
2013 

Non-capital loss carryforwards
Exploration and evaluation assets
Share issue costs
Property, plant and equipment
Cumulative eligible capital deduction
Marketable securities
Donations
Investment tax credits

$      

21,802,140
16,434,468
584,139
409,474
271,352
5,401,681
12,960
201,354
45,117,568

$      

$      

14,470,998
9,852,106
554,002
251,308
130,693
5,421,778
5,100
-

$      

30,685,985

At December 31, 2014, the Company had operating loss carry forwards available for tax purposes in 
Canada of $11,906,871 (2013 - $9,687,527) which expire between 2029 and 2034, in the United 
States  of  $102,352  (2013  -  $94,936)  which  expire  between  2031  and  2034  and  in  Mexico  of 
$9,792,917 (2013 - $9,270,505) which expire between 2015 and 2024. 

Taxable temporary differences in relation to investments in associates for which a deferred tax liability 
has not been recognized is $nil (2013 - $5.6 million). 

17.    Commitments 

The Company has entered into an operating lease for office premises through 2016.  On January 29, 
2013,  the  Company  entered  into  contracts  with  its  Chairman  and  President  for  an  annual 
remuneration  of  $240,000  and  $265,000  respectively  effective  January  1,  2013,  for  two  years, 
renewable for two additional successive terms of 24 months. 

As at December 31, 2014, the remaining payments for the executive contract and the operating lease 
are due as follows: 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

Total 

Office lease 
Executive contracts 

$   81,000  $     6,700  
505,000 
$ 586,000  $ 511,700 

505,000 

18.    Financial Instruments 

$           -  
505,000 

$         -   $      87,700 
2,020,000 
$ 505,000  $ 505,000  $         -  $ 2,107,700 

$           -  
505,000 

- 

The fair values of the Company’s cash and cash equivalent, accounts receivable and trade and other 
payables approximate their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. 

The Company’s financial instruments are exposed to certain financial risks, including currency risk, 
credit risk, liquidity risk, interest risk and commodity price risk. 

36 

 
 
 
        
          
             
             
             
             
             
             
          
          
               
                 
             
                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

18.    Financial Instruments (Continued) 

(a)  Currency risk 

The Company’s property interests in Mexico make it subject to foreign currency fluctuations 
and  inflationary  pressures  which  may  adversely  affect  the  Company’s  financial  position, 
results of operations and cash flows.  The Company is affected by changes in exchange 
rates between the Canadian Dollar and foreign functional currencies.  The Company does 
not invest in foreign currency contracts to mitigate the risks. 

As at December 31, 2014, the Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk through the 
following assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of 
the applicable subsidiary: 

All amounts in Canadian dollars 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses 
Total assets 

Trade and other payables 
Total liabilities 

Net assets 

US dollar 
$ 530,909 
67,179 
$ 598,088 

Mexican peso 
$ 174,262 
7,797 
$ 182,059 

$  59,608 
$  59,608  

$  19,078 
$  19,078 

$ 538,480 

$ 162,981 

A 10% change in the US dollar exchange rate relative to the Canadian dollar would change 
the Company’s net income by $53,000. 

A  10%  change  in  the  Mexican  peso  relative  to  the  Canadian  dollar  would  change  the 
Company’s net income by $17,000. 

(b)  Credit risk 

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held in large Canadian financial institutions.  
These investments mature at various dates during the twelve months following the statement 
of financial position date.  The Company’s excise tax consists primarily of sales tax due from 
the  federal  government  of  Canada.  The  Company  is  exposed  to  credit  risks  through  its 
accounts receivable. 

To  mitigate  exposure  to  credit  risk  on  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  the  Company  has 
established policies to limit the concentration of credit risk with any given banking institution 
where the funds are held, to ensure counterparties demonstrate minimum acceptable credit 
risk worthiness and ensure liquidity of available funds.   

As at December 31, 2014, the Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk is the carrying 
value of its cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. 

(c)  Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as 
they fall due.  The Company manages liquidity risk through the management of its capital 
structure. 

Trade and other payables are due within twelve months of the statement of financial position 
date.   

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

18.    Financial Instruments (Continued) 

(d) 

Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will 
fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates.   

A 1% change in the interest rate would change the Company’s net income by $68,000. 

(e)  Commodity price risk 

The ability of the Company to explore its exploration and evaluation assets and the future 
profitability of the Company are directly related to the market price of gold and other precious 
metals.  The Company has not hedged any of its potential future gold sales.  The Company 
monitors  gold  prices  to  determine  the  appropriate  course  of  action  to  be  taken  by  the 
Company. 

A 1% change in the price of gold would affect the fair value of the Company’s gold inventory 
by $22,000. 

(f)  Classification of Financial instruments 

IFRS 7 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the input to valuation techniques 
used to measure fair value as follows: 

Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; 

Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset 
or liability, either directly (i.e., as prices) or indirectly (i.e., derived from prices); and 

Level  3  –  inputs  for  the  asset  or  liability  that  are  not  based  on  observable  market  data 
(unobservable inputs). 

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value by level 
within the fair value hierarchy. 

2014 
Assets: 
Marketable securities 

2013 
Assets: 
Marketable securities 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

$   853,123 

$          - 

$          - 

$   853,123 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

$   1,058,661 

$          - 

$          - 

$ 1,058,661 

19.    Management of Capital  

The Company considers its capital to consist of common shares, stock options and warrants.  The 
Company’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a 
going  concern  in  order  to  pursue  the  exploration  of  its exploration and evaluation assets and to 
maintain a flexible capital structure which optimizes the costs of capital at an acceptable risk. 

The Company manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of changes in 
economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.  To maintain or adjust the 
capital structure, the Company may attempt to issue new shares and, acquire or dispose of assets. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

19.    Management of Capital (Continued)  

In order to maximize ongoing exploration efforts, the Company does not pay out dividends.  The 
Company’s  investment  policy  is  to  invest  its  short-term  excess  cash  in  highly  liquid  short-term 
interest-bearing investments with short term maturities, selected with regards to the expected timing 
of expenditures from continuing operations. 

The Company expects its current capital resources will be sufficient to carry its exploration plans and 
operations for the foreseeable future. 

20.    Segmented Information 

The Company operates in one reportable operating segment, being the acquisition and exploration of 
mineral resource properties. 

The Company has exploration and evaluation assets and property, plant and equipment in the 
following geographic locations: 

Year ended December 31,
2013

2014

Canada
United States
Mexico

$      

1,086,763
4
28,438,362
29,525,129

$    

$      

2,562,469
848,945
22,138,805
25,550,219

$    

The  Company’s  revenues  were  all  earned  in  Canada  from  interest  income  on  corporate  cash 
reserves and investment income. 

21.    General and Administrative Expenses 

Year ended December 31,

2014

2013

2012

Professional fees
Salaries and benefits
Travel and promotion
Depreciation
Office and license
Rent
Stock exchange fees
Insurance
Transfer agent fees
Directors fees
Bad debt expense

39 

$         

$         

$     

772,670
573,900
320,752
245,639
157,275
176,960
88,287
81,429
24,196
48,000
-
2,489,108

378,705
537,837
305,203
303,390
200,252
169,498
87,070
100,783
23,540
48,000
-
2,154,278

483,250
535,081
368,481
325,995
183,256
158,334
106,901
103,536
22,676
39,000
4,455
2,330,965

$      

$      

$  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                      
           
      
      
 
 
 
 
           
           
       
           
           
       
           
           
       
           
           
       
           
           
       
             
             
       
             
           
       
             
             
         
             
             
         
                       
                       
           
 
Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 
Presented in Canadian dollars 

22.    Subsequent Events 

(a)  Private placement 

On February 11, 2015, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement by the issuance of 
4,420,000 units at a price of $1.25 per unit for gross proceeds to the company of $5,525,000.  Each 
unit consists of one common share and one-half of one non-transferable common share purchase 
warrant.  Each whole warrant allows the holder to purchase one common share of the Company at a 
price of $2.00 per share until February 11, 2016.  A fee of $212,626 in cash and warrants to purchase 
up to 49,410 common shares at a price of $1.28 per common share until February 11, 2016 was paid 
on a portion of the placement. 

(b)  Spin out 

The Company announced that it will be deferring shareholder approval of the spin-out of its early 
stage exploration projects, royalty interests and certain other non-core assets, to the Company’s 2015 
annual general meeting (the “AGM”).  The AGM is expected to be held in June 2015.   

It is intended that, as part of the reorganization, Almaden's current shareholders will receive shares of 
Spinco by way of a share exchange, pursuant to which each existing share of Almaden is exchanged 
for one “new” share of Almaden and 0.6 of a share of Spinco.  This exchange is intended to be taxed 
in a manner similar to a return of capital on the shares of Almaden.  Warrant holders of Almaden will 
receive warrants of Spinco which are proportionate to, and reflective of the terms of, their existing 
warrants.  The reorganization will be effected by way of a plan of arrangement under the Business 
Corporations Act (British Columbia), and must be approved by the Supreme Court of British Columbia 
and by the affirmative vote of 66 2/3% of Almaden’s shareholders in attendance at a shareholders’ 
meeting.  The Company intends to apply for a listing of the shares of Spinco on the TSX Venture 
Exchange ("TSX-V").  Any such listing will be subject to Spinco fulfilling all of the requirements of the 
TSX-V. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALMADEN MINERALS LTD. 
Corporate Organizational Chart 
December 31, 2014 

Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
(“Almaden”) 
Canada 
TSX: AMM 
NYSE MKT: AAU 

Puebla Holdings 
Inc. 
(“Puebla”) 
Canada 
100% 

Pangeon Holdings 
Ltd. 
(“Pangeon”) 
Canada 
100% 

ATW Resources Ltd. 
(“ATW”) 
Canada 
50% 
Williams Creek 50% 

Gold Mountain Mining Corp. 
(“Gold Mountain”) 
Canada 
TSX-V: GUM 
~39% (26.75MM) shares 

ATW Joint Venture 
66% 
Williams Creek 30% 
Harry Winston 4% 

Minera Gorrión 
SA de CV 
(“Gorrión”) 
Mexico 
49,999 shares 
99.9% 

Minera Alondra 
SA de CV 
(“Alondra”) 
Mexico 
49,999 shares 
99.9% 

Compañía Minera 
Zapata SA de CV 
(“Zapata”) 
Mexico 
49,999 shares 
99.9% 

Almaden de 
Mexico SA de CV 
(“Almaden de  
Mexico”) 
Mexico 
49,999 shares 
99.9% 

Minera Gavilán 
SA de CV 
(“Gavilán”) 
Mexico 
49,999 shares 
99.9% 

Ixtaca Precious 
Metals Inc. 
(“Ixtaca”) 
Canada 
100% 

Republic 
Resources Inc. 
(“Republic”) 
Canada 
100% 

Almaden America 
Inc. 
(“Almaden 
America”) 
USA  
100% 

 
 
 
 
 
ALMADEN MINERALS LTD. 
MAJORITY VOTING POLICY 

The Board of Directors (“Board”) of Almaden Minerals Ltd. (the “Company”) believes that 
each  of  its  members  should  carry  the  confidence  and  support  of  the  Company’s 
shareholders and is committed to upholding high standards in corporate governance. 

Forms of proxy for the vote at a shareholders’ meeting where Directors are to be elected 
will  enable  the  shareholder  to  vote  in  favour  of,  or  to  withhold  from  voting  for,  each 
nominee on an individual basis.  At the meeting, the Chairman will call for a vote by ballot 
and the scrutineers will record, with respect to each nominee, the number of shares in his 
or  her  favour  and  the  number  of  shares  withheld  from  voting.    Prior  to  receiving  the 
scrutineer’s report on the ballot, the Chairman may announce the vote result based on the 
number of proxies received by the Company.  At the conclusion of the meeting, the final 
scrutineer’s report on the ballot must be filed on SEDAR. 

If,  in  a  non-contested  election  of  Directors,  the  number  of  shares  “withheld”  for  any 
nominee  exceeds  the  number  of  shares  voted  “for”  the  nominee,  then,  notwithstanding 
that  such  Director  was  duly  elected  as  a  matter  of  corporate  law,  he  or  she  shall,  within 
five days following the date of the final scrutineer’s report on the ballot, tender his or her 
written  resignation  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Board.    A  “non-contested  election”  means  an 
election  where  the  number  of  nominees  for  Director  is  not  greater  than  the  number  of 
Directors  to  be  elected.    The  Nomination  and  Corporate  Governance  Committee  will 
consider  such  offer  of  resignation  and  will  make  a  recommendation  to  the  Board 
concerning  the  acceptance  or  rejection  of  the  resignation.    In  its  deliberations,  the 
Nomination  and  Corporate  Governance  Committee  will  consider  all  factors  deemed 
relevant including, without limitation, the stated reasons, if any, why certain shareholders 
cast  “withheld”  votes  for  the  Director,  the  qualifications  of  the  Director  and  whether  the 
Director’s resignation from the Board would be in the best interests of the Company.  The 
Board will take formal action on the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee’s 
recommendation no later than 90 days following the date of the applicable shareholders’ 
meeting and will announce its decision via press release.  If the Board declines to accept 
the  resignation,  it  should  include  in  the  press  release  the  reason  or  reasons  for  its 
decision.   

No  Director  who  is  required  to  tender  his  or  her  resignation  shall  participate  in  the 
Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee’s deliberations or recommendations or 
in the Board’s deliberations or determination.   

If a resignation is accepted by the Board, and subject to any corporate law restrictions, the 
Board may leave any resulting vacancy unfilled until the next annual general meeting, or 
may  appoint  a  new  Director  to  fill  the  vacancy  who  the  Board  considers  to  merit  the 
confidence  of  the  shareholders,  or  may  call  a  special  meeting  of  shareholders  at  which 
there will be presented a management nominee or nominees to fill the vacant position or 
positions. 

Adopted by the Board of Directors of Almaden Minerals Ltd. on May 7, 2013. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 12.1 

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT 
CEO CERTIFICATION 

I, Morgan Poliquin, certify that: 

1. 

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Almaden Minerals Ltd.; 

2.             Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material 
fact or omit to state a  material fact necessary to  make the statements  made, in light of the circumstances 
under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3.              Based  on  my  knowledge,  the  financial  statements,  and  other  financial  information 
included in this report, fairly  present in all  material respects the  financial condition, results of operations 
and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

4.              The  Company’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and 
maintaining  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  defined  in  Exchange  Act  Rules  13a-15(e)  and  15d-
15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-
15(f)) for the Company and have: 

(a)            Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure 
controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating 
to  the  Company,  including  its  consolidated  subsidiaries,  is  made  known  to  us  by  others  within  those 
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

(b) 

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal 
control  over  financial  reporting  to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance 
regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external 
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c)           Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures 
and  presented  in  this  report  our  conclusions  about  the  effectiveness  of  the  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

(d)            Disclosed  in  this  report  any  change  in  the  Company’s  internal  control  over 
financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, 
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and 

5.             The  Company’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  have  disclosed,  based  on  our  most  recent 
evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee 
of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

(a)           All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  which  are  reasonably  likely  to  adversely  affect  the  Company’s 
ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and 

employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. 

(b)            Any  fraud,  whether  or  not  material,  that  involves  management  or  other 

Date: March 30, 2015 

/s/Morgan Poliquin 

Morgan Poliquin 
Chief Executive Officer 

 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
EXHIBIT 12.2 

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT 
CFO CERTIFICATION 

I, Korm Trieu, certify that: 

1. 

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Almaden Minerals Ltd.; 

2.             Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material 
fact or omit to state a  material fact necessary to  make the statements  made, in light of the circumstances 
under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3.              Based  on  my  knowledge,  the  financial  statements,  and  other  financial  information 
included in this report, fairly  present in all  material respects the  financial condition, results of operations 
and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

4.              The  Company’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and 
maintaining  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  defined  in  Exchange  Act  Rules  13a-15(e)  and  15d-
15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-
15(f)) for the Company and have: 

(a)            Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure 
controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating 
to  the  Company,  including  its  consolidated  subsidiaries,  is  made  known  to  us  by  others  within  those 
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

(b) 

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal 
control  over  financial  reporting  to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance 
regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external 
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c)           Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures 
and  presented  in  this  report  our  conclusions  about  the  effectiveness  of  the  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

(d)            Disclosed  in  this  report  any  change  in  the  Company’s  internal  control  over 
financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, 
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and 

5.             The  Company’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  have  disclosed,  based  on  our  most  recent 
evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee 
of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

(a)           All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  which  are  reasonably  likely  to  adversely  affect  the  Company’s 
ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and 

employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. 

(b)            Any  fraud,  whether  or  not  material,  that  involves  management  or  other 

Dated: March 30, 2015 

 /s/Korm Trieu 
Korm Trieu 
Chief Financial Officer 

 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 13.1 

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT 
CEO CERTIFICATION 

In connection with the annual report of Almaden Minerals Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the fiscal year 
ending December 31, 2014 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), 
I,  Morgan  Poliquin,  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  the  Company,  certify,  pursuant  to  18  U.S.C.  Section  1350,  as 
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge: 

1. 
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and 

The  Report  fully  complies  with  the  requirements  of  Section  13(a)  or  15(d)  of  the  Securities 

2. 
condition and results of operations of the Company. 

The  information  contained  in  the  Report  fairly  presents,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial 

/s/”Morgan Poliquin” 

Name: Morgan Poliquin 
Title: Chief Executive Officer 
March 30, 2015 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 13.2 

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT 
CFO CERTIFICATION 

In connection with the annual report of Almaden Minerals Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the fiscal year 
ending December 31, 2014 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), 
I,  Korm  Trieu,  Chief  Financial  Officer  of  the  Company,  certify,  pursuant  to  18  U.S.C.  Section  1350,  as  adopted 
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge: 

1. 
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and 

The  Report  fully  complies  with  the  requirements  of  Section  13(a)  or  15(d)  of  the  Securities 

2. 
condition and results of operations of the Company. 

The  information  contained  in  the  Report  fairly  presents,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial 

/s/”Korm Trieu” 

Name: Korm Trieu 
Title: Chief Financial Officer 
March 30, 2015 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SIGNATURE 

The Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all  of the requirements for filing  on Form 20-F and that it has duly 
caused and authorized  the undersigned  to sign this Annual Report on its behalf. 

Almaden Minerals Ltd. 
Registrant 

Dated:  March 30, 2015  

By     /s/Morgan Poliquin 
Morgan Poliquin,  CEO 

93