Quarterlytics / Consumer Cyclical / Auto - Dealerships / America's Car-Mart, Inc. / FY2023 Annual Report

America's Car-Mart, Inc.
Annual Report 2023

CRMT · NASDAQ Consumer Cyclical
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Ticker CRMT
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Consumer Cyclical
Industry Auto - Dealerships
Employees 2280
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FY2023 Annual Report · America's Car-Mart, Inc.
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2023 Annual Report

To Our Fellow Stockholders: 

Our industry, and America's Car-Mart's place in it, are essential. Supporting over 102,000 
customers, or $1.4 billion in accounts receivable, we have an obligation to drive healthy, 
profitable growth as our customers’ lives, and the communities we serve, are made better 
because of our work. Over 50% of our unit sales are to repeat customers. Many customers have 
alternative financing options but choose nonetheless to stay with us year after year because of 
peace of mind delivered by our local, decentralized, relationship-based solution. We are proud 
of the fact that Newsweek recently named us to its “Most Trustworthy Companies in America 
2023” list. 

Active Customers 

Over the last 20+ years, we have compounded the number of customers served and annual 
revenue by 7.5% and 12.5%, respectively. In fiscal 2023 sales productivity increased by 3.0% to 
an average of thirty-four vehicles per dealership per month, serving an average of 660 
customers. Within the next two years, we expect our dealerships to retail between 40-50 
vehicles per month, eventually supporting 1,000 or more customers. As alternative credit 
offerings continue to tighten, higher credit customers increasingly shop with us. Our business 
model has shown its ability to effectively address the needs of our customers, as demonstrated 
by the growing demand for our services. 

Significant Top-Line Growth ($’s in millions) 

Our vision – to be America’s best auto sales and finance company in the eyes of our associates 
and customers while improving the communities we serve - resonates outside the company. 
This is evidenced by the recent additions of several exceptionally talented leaders to our 
outstanding team. Doug Campbell joined us in October 2022 as President. Doug's deep auto 
industry knowledge, passion, and considerable management skills will take our company to the 
next level, helping us reach our full potential. Holly Thomson, who also joined us in October 
2022 as Chief Digital Officer, is quickly bringing our digital offerings forward. Holly has several 
years of relevant experience and successive leadership roles with direct-to-consumer financial 
products and user experience teams. In order to capitalize on upcoming opportunities, we 
continue to add talented people in a variety of roles supporting both our associates and our 
customers.  

We find ourselves in a unique and pivotal time, where various unprecedented factors are 
significantly affecting consumers, our industry, and your company. In a year, the pendulum has 
swung from a time when consumers had trillions, with no inflation, to a period marked by the 
absence of fiscal stimulus and high inflation. In our industry in particular, inflation has been 
especially pronounced. The mounting expenses related to higher used car prices, rent, fuel, 
vehicle insurance, groceries, and interest rates, among others, are unavoidable for our 
customers. While acknowledging these challenges, we remain committed to supporting them at 
a high level. We extended contract terms to keep payment increases lower than the overall 
increase in used-car prices.  Further, we expect consumer affordability to improve as vehicle 
prices normalize in relation to overall inflation, wages, and employment.  

Near-term industry challenges present substantial strategic opportunities for America's Car-
Mart. Our healthy balance sheet and ongoing access to capital allow us to grow and take 
advantage of market opportunities. We had $500 million in equity with a book value per share of 
$78 on April 30, 2023. We recently completed our third asset-backed non-recourse term 
securitization and have a $600 million revolving line of credit with a group of commercial banks. 

 
 
Total debt, net of cash, to finance receivables (non-GAAP) was 41.5% on April 30, 2023. Our 
financial model is flexible, and we will continue to deploy capital to maximize appropriate 
returns.   

Book Value per Share

$78.29 

$73.72 

$61.41 

$45.80 

$22.46 

$24.43 

$26.91 

$28.39 

$30.68 

$38.95 

$33.72 

 $90.00

 $80.00

 $70.00

 $60.00

 $50.00

 $40.00

 $30.00

 $20.00

 $10.00

 $-

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

We are focused on growing over the long term at far higher margins. Future profit improvements 
will come from three areas. First, we are focused on increasing gross margin percentages as we 
streamline and strengthen our procurement and inventory management processes. We expect 
improved sourcing, reconditioning, logistics and wholesale results, together with aggressive 
inventory management, will reduce costs and drive improved margin percentages. Second, we 
expect to see improvements in credit losses as we leverage our recent investments, continue to 
improve the quality of our product, and attract higher credit-rated customers. Third, we can 
increase our profitability by leveraging our infrastructure investments through both productivity 
increases and acquisitions. Internally, we measure our progress in leveraging our scale by 
SG&A per unit sold, SG&A per account, and headcount. Importantly, a significant percentage of 
our current SG&A is related to our long-term business investments.  Going forward, we expect 
to generate a return on equity in line with historical, pre-pandemic levels. We are focused on 
becoming a more productive, accountable organization by eliminating manual processes, 
rationalizing headcount, leveraging technology, and aggressively working to attract talented 
leaders and team members.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
35.0%

30.0%

25.0%

20.0%

15.0%

10.0%

5.0%

0.0%

Return on Average Equity

29.1%

19.4%

18.2%

21.4%

16.6%

13.3%

10.2%

15.7%

8.7%

5.0%

4.2%

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

We are well-positioned for unique acquisition opportunities presented by this period of historical 
competitive disruption.  Elevated used car prices, greater credit losses, and higher capital costs 
are, forcing major competitors to shut their doors. In times of difficulty we remain focused on the 
basics. Our best competitors are generally a subset of owner-operated dealerships that have 
not borrowed excessively, focus on getting a sound automobile to their customers on 
reasonable terms, and provide both friendly service and disciplined collections. Our acquisition 
platform provides experienced owner operators with an exit strategy, their communities with 
employment, and customers with alternatives. We historically do not acquire credit risk in these 
transactions; rather we structure them with multi-year earn outs based on building successful 
books of business measured from our acquisition date. Given the potential for value creation 
through acquisitions, we are increasing our people investment in this area. We believe that 
acquisitions will provide a significant source of future growth, earning attractive returns for 
shareholders.  

Underpinning our confidence in the business, our extensive long-term investments are nearing 
completion, allowing us to benefit from scale by improving our offering and in turn expanding 
market share. These investments include the loan origination system (LOS), enterprise resource 
planning (ERP), and customer relationship management (CRM) software enhancements and 
implementations. We are becoming an efficient, data-driven company, and we expect to derive 
enormous efficiencies from the elimination of manual tasks. Our ongoing investment in the 
centralization of inventory procurement, reconditioning and wholesale functions, as well as 
certain collections and other administrative tasks, both increases profitability and frees up labor 
hours at our stores, enabling field associates to focus on growth and improved customer 
experience. Additionally, we have nearly completed our multi-year effort to improve and expand 
our physical facilities. Combined, these complex initiatives and time-consuming investments are 
foundational to our future success.  

The implementation of our LOS and the expansion of our CRM capabilities will enhance our 
speed and personalized service before, during, and after a sale. Today, customers are pre-
approved online in just a few minutes through their mobile device or on an in-store i-Pad. Once 
the customer selects a vehicle, sales associates quickly work to maximize their buying potential. 
Powered by an integrated sales and decision platform, the LOS dynamically assists sales 
associates with down payment options, trade valuations, and the addition of any co-applicants. 
All sales documents will be electronically generated, and the customer digitally signs and drives. 
We are reducing the time it takes to complete the sale by as much as 50%, freeing up resources 
we can dedicate to personalized service and the character lending nature of our model. We 
continue to enhance our digital capabilities, developing an online customer account center for 
payments, requesting service, and reporting accidents. This digital portal will help us stay 
connected to customers and provide better vehicle service. All dealerships will be on the LOS 
within the next few months, and our ERP software implementation is expected to be fully 
completed by December 2023. 

In summary, we believe the outlook for our company has never been more positive and are 
confident of achieving our targets over the coming years. We have taken steps to ensure the 
successful implementation of our initiatives and have formed a dedicated team, improved 
internal processes, and established key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure our progress. 
We will remain agile and adaptable, focused on our ability to navigate any challenges that may 
arise while delivering strong results. Our investments in both best-in-class technology and a 
wonderful team have prioritized value creation. We are well-positioned for growth, and always 
seek long-term profitability over short-term gains. We are confident that our strategy will 
translate into tangible results for our customers and shareholders, and we look forward to 
sharing our success in the months and years ahead. 

We would like to thank all our valued shareholders, customers, partners, and associates who 
continue to work with us on this journey. Thank you for your continued support as we enter this 
exciting period of growth. 

Thank you, 

Jeff Williams  
Chief Executive Officer  

Executive Officers 

From left to right: Doug Campbell, President, Vickie Judy, Chief Financial Officer, Jeff Williams, 
Chief Executive Officer  

UNITED STATES  

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION  
Washington, D.C. 20549  

FORM 10-K  

(Mark One)  

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934  
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 
OR  

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934  

For the transition period from             to               
Commission file number 0-14939 

AMERICA’S CAR-MART, INC.  
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)  

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)  

(IRS Employer Identification No)  

Texas 

63-0851141  

1805 North 2nd Street, Suite 401  
Rogers, Arkansas  
(Address of principal executive offices)  

72756  
(Zip Code)  

(479) 464-9944 

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)  

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:  

Title of each class 
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share 

Trading Symbol(s) 
CRMT 

Name of each exchange on which registered 
NASDAQ Global Select Market 

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:  

None 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes    No   
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes   No     
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such 
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of 
Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes  No ˜ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or 
an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth 
company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):  

Large accelerated filer           Accelerated filer       
    Non-accelerated filer 

     Smaller reporting company           Emerging growth company           

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any 
new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal 
control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that 
prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ 

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in 
the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.   

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation 
received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes    No  

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates on October 31, 2022 was $397,198,739 
(5,810,397 shares), based on the closing price of the registrant’s common stock on October 31, 2022 of $68.36.  

There were 6,371,404 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of June 23, 2023.  

Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement to be furnished to stockholders in connection with its 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are 

incorporated by reference in response to Part III of this report. 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[This page intentionally left blank] 

AMERICA’S CAR-MART, INC. 
FORM 10-K 
FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDED APRIL 30, 2023 
TABLE OF CONTENTS  

PART I 

Item 1.  Business.....................................................................................................................................................5 

Item 1A.  Risk Factors .......................................................................................................................................... 16 

Item 2.  Properties ................................................................................................................................................. 23 

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings ................................................................................................................................... 23 

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosure ........................................................................................................................... 23 

PART II 

Item 5.  Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities .............................................................................................................................................................. 24 

Item 6. [Reserved] ................................................................................................................................................ 25 

Item 7.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations .................. 25 

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk ............................................................... 37 

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ....................................................................................... 37 

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure .................. 65 

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures ....................................................................................................................... 65 

Item 9B.  Other Information ................................................................................................................................. 68 

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections ................................................... 68 

PART III 

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance .................................................................... 68 

Item 11.  Executive Compensation ....................................................................................................................... 68 

Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 68 

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ...................................... 69 

Item 14.  Principal Accounting Fees and Services ............................................................................................... 69 

Item 15.   Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.............................................................................................. 69 

Item 16.  Form 10-K Summary ............................................................................................................................ 73 

PART IV 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forward-Looking Statements 

PART I 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform 
Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements address the Company’s future events, objectives, plans and goals, 
as well as the Company’s intent, beliefs and current expectations regarding future operating performance and can 
generally be identified by words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” 
“foresee,” and other similar words or phrases. Specific events addressed by these forward-looking statements may 
include, but are not limited to:  

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

• 
• 
• 
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operational infrastructure investments;  
same dealership sales and revenue growth; 
customer growth; 
gross profit margin percentages; 
gross profit per retail unit sold; 
business acquisitions; 
technological investments and initiatives; 
future revenue growth; 
receivables growth as related to revenue growth; 
new dealership openings;  
performance of new dealerships; 
interest rates; 
future credit losses; 
the  Company’s  collection  results,  including  but  not limited  to  collections  during  income  tax  refund 
periods; 
future supply and demand for used vehicles; 
availability of used vehicle financing; 
seasonality; and 
the Company’s business, operating and growth strategies and expectations. 

These  forward-looking  statements  are  based  on  the  Company’s  current  estimates  and  assumptions  and  involve 
various  risks  and  uncertainties.  As  a  result,  you  are  cautioned  that  these  forward-looking  statements  are  not 
guarantees  of  future  performance,  and  that  actual  results  could  differ  materially  from  those  projected  in  these 
forward-looking  statements.  Factors  that  may  cause  actual  results  to  differ  materially  from  the  Company’s 
projections include, but are not limited to:  

• 

• 

• 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

• 

• 
• 

general economic conditions in the markets in which the Company operates, including but not limited 
to fluctuations in gas prices, grocery prices and employment levels; 
the availability of quality used vehicles at prices that will be affordable to our customers, including the 
impacts of changes in new vehicle production and sales; 
the availability of credit facilities and access to capital through securitization financings or other sources 
on terms acceptable to us to support the Company’s business; 
the Company’s ability to underwrite and collect its contracts effectively; 
competition; 
dependence on existing management; 
ability to attract, develop, and retain qualified general managers; 
changes in consumer finance laws or regulations, including but not limited to rules and regulations that 
have recently been enacted or could be enacted by federal and state governments; 
the ability to keep pace with technological advances and changes in consumer behavior affecting our 
business; 
security breaches, cyber-attacks, or fraudulent activity;  
the ability to identify and obtain favorable locations for new or relocated dealerships at reasonable cost;  

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
• 

the ability to successfully identify, complete and integrate new acquisitions; and 
potential  business  and  economic  disruptions  and uncertainty  that may  result  from  any  future  public 
health  crises  and  any  efforts  to  mitigate  the  financial  impact  and  health  risks  associated  with  such 
developments. 

The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a 
result  of  new  information,  future  events  or  otherwise.  You  are  cautioned  not  to  place  undue  reliance  on  these 
forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the dates on which they are made. 

Item 1.  Business 

Business and Organization 

America’s  Car-Mart,  Inc.,  a  Texas  corporation  initially  formed  in  1981  (the  “Company”),  is  one  of  the 
largest publicly held automotive retailers in the United States focused exclusively on the “Integrated Auto Sales 
and Finance” segment of the used car market. References to the “Company” include the Company’s consolidated 
subsidiaries. The Company’s operations are principally conducted through its two operating subsidiaries, America’s 
Car Mart, Inc., an Arkansas corporation (“Car-Mart of Arkansas”), and Colonial Auto Finance, Inc., an Arkansas 
corporation (“Colonial”). Collectively, Car-Mart of Arkansas and Colonial are referred to herein as “Car-Mart.” 
The Company primarily sells older model used vehicles and provides financing for substantially all of its customers. 
Many of the Company’s customers have limited financial resources and would not qualify for conventional financing 
as  a  result  of  limited  credit  histories  or past  credit  problems.  As  of  April  30, 2023,  the  Company  operated  156 
dealerships located primarily in small cities throughout the South-Central United States. 

Business Strategy 

In general, it is the Company’s objective to continue to expand its business using the same business model 
that has been developed and used by Car-Mart for over 40 years with enhancements to our technology and core 
products to better serve our customers. This business strategy focuses on: 

Collecting Customer Accounts.  Collecting customer accounts is perhaps the single most important aspect 
of operating an Integrated Auto Sales and Finance used car business and is a focal point for dealership level and 
corporate  office  personnel  on  a  daily  basis.  The  Company  measures  and  monitors  the  collection  results  of  its 
dealerships using internally developed delinquency and account loss standards. Substantially, all associate incentive 
compensation is tied directly or indirectly to collection results. The Company has a vice president of collections 
and support staff at the corporate level to work with field operators to improve credit results. This team monitors 
efficiencies and the effectiveness of account representatives as they work to improve customer success rates. The 
Company also utilizes several collection efforts centrally at the corporate office through texting, phone calls and 
other methods to supplement the field efforts. Over the last five fiscal years, the Company’s annual provision for 
credit losses as a percentage of sales have ranged from 19.30% in fiscal 2019 to 29.20% in fiscal 2023 (average of 
23.74%).  During  fiscal  2023,  credit  losses  continued  to  normalize  to  pre-pandemic  levels,  partially  due  to  the 
inflationary pressure on customers and increasing interest rates from federal monetary policy. See Item 1A, Risk 
Factors, for further discussion. 

Maintaining a Decentralized Operation.  The Company’s dealerships operate on a decentralized basis. 
Each  dealership  is  ultimately  responsible  for  the  quality  of  its  vehicles,  making  sales  contacts,  making  credit 
decisions,  and  collecting  the  contracts  it  originates  in  accordance  with  established  policies  and  procedures. 
Approximately  50%  of  customers  make  their  payments  in  person  at  one  of  the  Company’s  dealerships.  This 
decentralized structure is complemented by the oversight and involvement of corporate office management and the 
maintenance  of  centralized  financial  controls,  including  monitoring  proprietary  credit  scoring,  establishing 
standards for down-payments and contract terms, and an internal compliance function. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expanding Through Controlled Organic Growth and Strategic Acquisitions.  The Company grows by 
increasing revenues at existing dealerships and opening or acquiring new dealerships. The Company has historically 
viewed organic growth at its existing dealerships as its primary source for growth. The Company continues to make 
infrastructure  investments  in  order  to  improve  performance  of  existing  dealerships  and  to  support  growth  of  its 
customer count. The Company acquired three new dealerships during the year ending fiscal 2023 with 156 locations.  
The  Company  intends  to  continue  to  add  new  dealerships  primarily  through  the  pursuit  of  strategic  acquisition 
opportunities that it believes will enhance its brand and maximize the return to its shareholders. The Company has 
successfully completed acquisitions in two of the last three fiscal years and anticipates that future acquisitions will 
likely contribute to its growth. These plans are subject to change based on both internal and external factors.  

Selling Basic Transportation.  The Company focuses on selling basic and affordable transportation to its 
customers. The Company’s average retail sales price was $18,080 per unit in fiscal 2023, compared to $16,372 in 
fiscal 2022. Used vehicle pricing continued to increase due to the high demand and tight supply of used vehicles. 
In general, the demand for quality, used vehicles has increased due to a shortage of new vehicles leading to inventory 
constraints in both the new and used vehicle markets.  Management expects continued pressure on the supply and 
price  of  used  vehicles  for  the  near  term.  The  Company  focuses  on  providing  a  quality  vehicle  with  affordable 
payment terms while maintaining relatively shorter term lengths compared to others in the industry on its installment 
sales contracts (overall portfolio weighted average of 46.3 months). 

Operating  in  Smaller  Communities.    As  of  April  30,  2023,  approximately  71%  of  the  Company’s 
dealerships were located in cities with populations of 50,000 or less.  The Company believes that by operating in 
smaller  communities  it  develops  strong  personal  relationships,  resulting  in  better  collection  results.  Further,  the 
Company believes that operating costs, such as salaries, rent and advertising, are lower in smaller communities than 
in major metropolitan areas. As the Company builds its infrastructure and certain aspects of the business become 
more centralized, we may expand and operate in larger cities.  

Enhanced Management Talent and Experience.  The Company seeks to hire honest and hardworking 
individuals  to  fill  entry-level  positions,  nurture  and  develop  these  associates,  and  promote  them  to  managerial 
positions from within the Company. By promoting from within, the Company believes it is able to train its associates 
in  the  Car-Mart  way  of  doing  business,  maintain  the  Company’s  unique  culture  and  develop  the  loyalty  of  its 
associates by providing opportunities for advancement. Due to growth, the Company has, to a larger extent, also 
had to look outside of the Company for associates possessing requisite skills and core competencies and who share 
the values and appreciate the unique culture the Company has developed over the years. The Company has been 
able to attract quality individuals via its General Manager Recruitment and Advancement team as well as other key 
areas. Management has determined that it will be increasingly difficult to grow the Company without looking for 
outside  talent.  The  Company’s  operating  success  has  been  a  benefit  for  recruiting  outside  talent;  however,  the 
Company expects the hiring environment to continue to be challenging as a result of increasing wages, competition 
for qualified workers, and the impact of inflation on our business and operations.  

Cultivating  Customer  Relationships.    The  Company  believes  that  developing  and  maintaining  a 
relationship with  its  customers  is  critical  to  the  success  of  the  Company.  A  large  percentage  of  sales  at  mature 
dealerships  are  made  to  repeat  customers,  and  additional  sales  result  from  customer  referrals.  By  developing  a 
personal relationship with its customers, the Company believes it is in a better position to assist a customer, and the 
customer is more likely to cooperate with the Company should the customer experience financial difficulty during 
the term of his or her installment contract. The Company is able to cultivate these relationships through a variety of 
communication  channels,  including  our  recently  developed  customer  relationship  management  technology  and 
direct  face-to-face  interactions  as  a  high  percentage  of  customers  visit  Company  dealerships  in-person  to  make 
payments and for account and vehicle servicing needs. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Strengths 

The Company believes it possesses a number of strengths or advantages that distinguish it from most of its 

competitors. These business strengths include: 

Experienced and Motivated Management.  The Company has a strong senior management team with 
extensive experience in the automotive industry and expertise in understanding the unique needs and preferences 
of subprime customers. The Company’s management team is driven to continuously innovate and adapt to changing 
market dynamics, embrace technology, explore new avenues for growth and make a positive impact on customers’ 
lives.  This  extensive  industry  experience  and  strong  motivation,  coupled  with  strategic  decision-making, 
operational efficiency, and customer focus, enable the Company to tailor its operations to best serve its customers 
and help drive value for the Company and solidify its position in the used car market.   

Proven Business Practices.  The Company’s operations are highly structured. While dealerships operate 
on  a  decentralized  basis,  the  Company  has  established  policies,  procedures,  and  business  practices  for  virtually 
every aspect of a dealership’s operations. Detailed online operating manuals are available to assist the dealership 
manager and office, sales and collections personnel in performing their daily tasks. As a result, each dealership is 
operated  in  a  uniform  manner.  Further,  corporate  office  personnel  monitor  the  dealerships’  operations  through 
weekly visits and a number of daily, weekly and monthly communications and reports.  

Low-Cost  Operator.    The  Company  has  structured  its  dealership  and  corporate  office  operations  to 
minimize operating costs. The number of associates employed at the dealership level is dictated by the number of 
active  customer  accounts  each  dealership  services.  Associate  compensation  is  standardized  for  each  dealership 
position and adjusted for various markets. Other operating costs are closely monitored and scrutinized. Technology 
is utilized to maximize efficiency. Our recent technology investments in a loan origination system and an enterprise 
resource planning system are expected to be foundational in improving efficiencies and operational flexibility as 
the Company grows. The Company monitors operating costs as a percentage of revenues, per customer served, and 
per unit sold, and strives to provide excellent service at a low cost. 

Well-Capitalized.   The Company believes it can fund its planned growth from net income generated from 
operations supplemented by its external capital resources. To the extent external capital is needed to fund growth, 
the Company plans to draw on its existing credit facilities, or renewals or replacements of those facilities, and to 
participate in the securitization market from time to time, when appropriate.  The Company may also choose to 
access  other  debt  or  equity  markets  if  needed  or  if  market  conditions  are  favorable  to  pursue  its  growth  and 
acquisition strategies. Management will continue to scrutinize capital deployment to manage appropriate liquidity 
and access to capital to support growth. As of April 30, 2023, the Company’s debt to equity ratio (revolving credit 
facilities and non-recourse notes payable divided by total equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheet) was 1.28 to 
1.0. Excluding the amount of debt equal to cash, the Company’s adjusted debt to equity ratio (a non-GAAP measure) 
as of April 30, 2023 was 1.14 to 1.0, which the Company believes is lower than many of its competitors.  For a 
reconciliation of adjusted debt to equity ratio to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, see “Non-
GAAP  Financial  Measure”  included  in  Part  II,  Item  7,  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial 
Condition and Results of Operations.  

Significant Expansion Opportunities.  The Company historically targets smaller communities in which 
to locate its dealerships (i.e., populations from 20,000 to 50,000), but is also continuing to expand its operations in 
larger cities such as Tulsa, Oklahoma; Lexington, Kentucky; Springfield, Missouri; Chattanooga and Knoxville, 
Tennessee and Little Rock, Arkansas.  The Company believes there are numerous suitable communities to expand 
our physical footprint within the twelve states in which the Company currently operates and other contiguous states 
to  satisfy  anticipated  dealership  growth  for  the  next  several  years.  In  addition,  the  Company  is  leveraging  its 
growing online presence, including an intuitive website, online inventory browsing, and seamless online application 
process, to improve the buying experience while also reaching beyond physical dealership locations. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operations 

Operating Segment.  Each dealership is an operating segment with its results regularly reviewed by the 
Company’s chief operating decision maker in an effort to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the 
segment and to assess its performance. Individual dealerships meet the aggregation criteria for reporting purposes 
under the current accounting guidance. The Company operates in the Integrated Auto Sales and Finance segment 
of  the  used  car  market.  In  this  industry,  the  nature  of  the  sale  and  the  financing  of  the  transaction,  financing 
processes, the type of customer and the methods used to distribute the Company’s products and services, including 
the actual servicing of the contracts as well as the regulatory environment in which the Company operates, all have 
similar characteristics. Each dealership is similar in nature and only engages in the selling and financing of used 
vehicles. All individual dealerships have similar operating characteristics. As such, individual dealerships have been 
aggregated into one reportable segment. 

Dealership Organization.  Dealerships operate on a decentralized basis. Each dealership is responsible for 
selling vehicles, making credit decisions, and servicing and collecting the installment contracts it originates, with 
assistance from the corporate office. Dealership-level financial statements are prepared by the corporate office on 
a  monthly  basis  and  reviewed  by  various  levels  of  management.  Depending  on  the  number  of  active  customer 
accounts, a dealership may have as few as three or as many as twenty-five full-time associates employed at that 
location.  Associate  positions  at  a  large  dealership  may  include  a  general  manager,  assistant  manager(s),  office 
manager,  office  clerk(s),  service  manager,  purchasing  agent,  collections  personnel,  sales  personnel,  inventory 
associates (detailers), and on-call drivers. Dealerships are generally open Monday through Saturday from 9:00 a.m. 
to 6:00 p.m. 

Dealership Locations and Facilities.  Below is a summary of dealerships operating during the fiscal years 

ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021: 

Dealerships at beginning of year
Dealerships opened or acquired
Dealerships closed

    Dealerships at end of year

2023
154
3
(1)

156

Years Ended April 30,
2022
151
3
-

154

2021
148
3
-

151

Below is a summary of dealership locations by state as of April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021: 

Dealerships by State

Arkansas
Oklahoma
Missouri
Alabama
Texas
Kentucky
Georgia
Tennessee
Mississippi
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa

    Total

As of April 30,

2022
38
30
18
16
13
12
9
8
5
3
1
1

154

2021
38
28
18
16
13
12
9
7
5
3
1
1

151

2023
37
30
18
16
14
12
9
10
5
3
1
1

156

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dealerships are located on leased or owned property between one and four acres in size. When opening a 
new  dealership,  the  Company  will  either  remodel  an  existing  structure  on  the  property  to  conduct  business  or 
construct a new facility. Dealership facilities typically range in size from 1,500 to 5,000 square feet. 

Purchasing.  The Company purchases vehicles primarily from wholesalers, new car dealers, rental/fleet 
companies,  auctions  and  the  general  public.  Vehicle  purchasing  is  performed  by  corporate  buyers  as  well  as 
purchasing agents in our local communities. Dealership managers are authorized to purchase vehicles as needed. 
The Company centrally sets purchasing guidelines and monitors the quantity and quality of vehicles purchased and 
holds responsible parties accountable for results. When purchasing inventory, focus is given to three general areas:  

•  Compliance with Company standards, including an internal condition report; 
•  Costs and physical characteristics of the vehicle, based on market values; and 
•  Vehicle reliability and historical performance, based on market conditions. 

Generally, the Company purchases vehicles between 5 and 12 years of age with 70,000 to 140,000 miles 
and  pays  between  $7,000  and  $15,000  per  vehicle  with  an  average  cost  of  $10,000  per  vehicle.  The  Company 
focuses on providing basic transportation to its customers. The Company sells a variety of vehicles that include 
primarily sport utility vehicles, trucks, and sedans. The Company typically does not purchase sports cars or luxury 
cars. A member of dealership management inspects and test-drives vehicles prior to a sale. The Company strives to 
purchase  vehicles  that  require  little  or  no  repair  as  the  Company  has  limited  facilities  to  repair  or  recondition 
vehicles. As part of the strategy to obtain quality, affordable vehicles, the Company has formed relationships with 
reconditioning companies to recondition vehicles, in particular repossessions and trades, in order to have access to 
a larger quantity of and lower cost vehicles.  

Selling, Marketing and Advertising.  Dealerships generally maintain an inventory of 20 to 90 vehicles 
depending  on  the  size  and  maturity  of  the  dealership  and  also  the  time  of  the  year.  Inventory  turns  over 
approximately  7  times  each  year.  Selling  is  done  predominantly  by  the  dealership  manager,  assistant  manager, 
manager trainee or sales associate. Sales associates are paid a commission for sales in addition to an hourly wage. 
Sales are made on an “as is” basis; however, customers are given an option to purchase a service contract, which 
covers  certain  vehicle  components  and  assemblies.  For  covered  components  and  assemblies,  the  Company 
coordinates service with third-party service centers with which the Company typically has previously negotiated 
labor rates. The vast majority of the Company’s customers elect to purchase a service contract when purchasing a 
vehicle. Additionally, the Company offers its customers to whom financing is extended an accident protection plan 
(APP) product. The APP product contractually obligates the Company to cancel the remaining amount owed on a 
contract where the vehicle has been totaled, as defined in the plan, or the vehicle has been stolen. APP is available 
in most of the states in which the Company operates and the vast majority of financed customers elect to purchase 
this product when purchasing a vehicle in those states.  

The Company has a 7-day vehicle exchange policy. If a customer is not satisfied with their purchase, the 
customer has the option to return the vehicle within 7 days after purchasing the vehicle or before having driven the 
car for 500 miles (whichever occurs first), and the Company will exchange it for another vehicle of equal or lesser 
value. 

The Company’s objective is to offer its customers basic transportation at a fair price and treat each customer 
in such a manner as to earn his or her repeat business. The Company attempts to build a positive reputation in each 
community where it operates and generate new business from such reputation as well as from customer referrals. 
For mature dealerships, a large percentage of sales are to repeat customers. 

The  Company  primarily  advertises  using  television,  radio,  digital  and  social  media.  In  addition,  the 
Company periodically conducts promotional sales campaigns in an effort to increase sales or promote the brand. 
The Company uses an outside marketing firm and recently hired a chief digital officer to oversee the Company’s 
marketing efforts, enhance its brand strategy and broaden the Company’s usage of digital and social media channels. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Underwriting and Finance.  The Company provides financing to substantially all of its customers who 
purchase a vehicle at one of its dealerships. The Company only provides financing to its customers for the purchase 
of its vehicles and related ancillary products, and the Company does not provide any type of financing to non-
customers.  The  Company’s  installment  sales  contracts  as  of  April  30,  2023,  typically  include  down  payments 
ranging from 0% to 20% (average of 5.4%), terms ranging from 18 months to 69 months (average of 46.3 months), 
and a fixed annual interest rate of 18.0% for contracts originating after early December 2022 (up from 16.5%) for 
all states except Arkansas and Illinois. The interest rate for sales in Arkansas, which account for approximately 
27.4% of the Company’s revenues, is subject to a usury cap of 17%, and therefore, these sales are originated at 
16.5%. The interest rate for sales in Illinois ranges from 19.5% to 21.5%. The portfolio weighted average interest 
rate is 16.7%.  

The Company requires that payments be made on a weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly or monthly basis, 
scheduled to coincide with the day the customer is paid by his or her employer, with 79% of payments being due 
on either a weekly or bi-weekly basis. Upon the customer and the Company reaching a preliminary agreement as 
to  financing  terms,  the  Company  obtains  a  credit  application  from  the  customer  which  includes  information 
regarding  employment,  residence  and  credit  history,  personal  references  and  a  budget  itemizing  the  customer’s 
monthly income and expenses. Certain information is then verified by Company personnel. After the verification 
process,  the  dealership  manager  makes  the  decision  to  accept,  reject  or  modify  (perhaps  obtain  a  greater  down 
payment or suggest a lower priced vehicle) the proposed transaction. In general, the dealership manager attempts 
to  assess  the  stability  and  character  of  the  applicant.  The  dealership  manager  who  makes  the  credit  decision  is 
ultimately responsible for collecting the contract, and his or her compensation is directly related to the collection 
results of his or her dealership. The Company provides centralized support to the dealership manager in the form of 
a  proprietary  credit  scoring  system  used  for  monitoring  and  other  supervisory  assistance  to  assist  with  credit 
decisions. Credit quality is monitored centrally by corporate office personnel on a daily, weekly and monthly basis.  

Collections.  All of the Company’s retail installment contracts are serviced by Company personnel at the 
dealership level. Approximately half of the Company’s customers make their payments in person at the dealership 
where they purchased their vehicle; however, in an effort to make paying convenient for its customers, the Company 
offers a variety of payment options. Customers can send their payments through the mail, set up ACH auto draft, 
make mobile and online payments, and make payments at certain money service centers. Each dealership closely 
monitors its customer accounts using the Company’s proprietary receivables and collections software that stratifies 
past  due  accounts  by  the  number  of  days  past  due.  The  vice  presidents  of  operations  and  the  area  operations 
managers  routinely  review  and  monitor  the  status  of  customer  collections  to  ensure  collection  activities  are 
conducted  in  compliance  with  applicable  policies  and  procedures.  In  addition,  the  vice  president  of  collections 
oversees  the  collections  department  and  provides  timely  oversight  and  additional  accountability  on  a  consistent 
basis. The Company believes that the timely response to past due accounts is critical to its collections success.  

The Company has established standards with respect to the percentage of accounts one and two weeks past 
due, 15 or more days past due and 30 or more days past due (delinquency standards), and the percentage of accounts 
where the vehicle was repossessed, or the account was charged off that month (account loss standard).  

The  Company  works  diligently  to  keep  its  delinquency  percentages  low  and  not  to  repossess  vehicles. 
Accounts  one  to  three  days  late  are  contacted  by  telephone  or  text  message.  Notes  from  each  contact  are 
electronically  maintained  in  the  Company’s  computer  system.  The  Company  centrally  utilizes  text  messaging 
notifications which allows customers to elect to receive payment reminders and late notices via text message.   

The  Company  attempts  to  resolve  payment  delinquencies  amicably  prior  to  repossessing  a  vehicle.  If  a 
customer becomes severely delinquent in his or her payments, and management determines that timely collection 
of future payments is not probable, the Company will take steps to repossess the vehicle. Periodically, the Company 
enters into contract modifications with its customers to extend or modify the payment terms. The Company only 
enters into a contract modification or extension if it believes such action will increase the amount of monies the 
Company will ultimately realize on the customer’s account and will increase the likelihood of the customer being 
able  to  pay  off  the  vehicle  contract.  At  the  time  of  modification,  the  Company  expects  to  collect  amounts  due 
including accrued interest at the contractual interest rate for the period of delay. No other concessions are granted 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
to customers, beyond the extension of additional time at the time of modification. Modifications are minor and are 
made for pay day changes, minor vehicle repairs and other reasons. For those vehicles that are repossessed, the 
majority are returned or surrendered by the customer on a voluntary basis. Other repossessions are performed by 
Company personnel or third-party repossession agents. Depending on the condition of a repossessed vehicle, it is 
either resold on a retail basis through a Company dealership or sold for cash on a wholesale basis, primarily through 
physical or online auctions. 

New  Dealership  Openings.    Along  with  strategic  dealership  acquisitions,  the  Company  continues  to 
explore opportunities for new dealership openings.  When opening new dealerships, senior management, with the 
assistance of the corporate office staff, will make decisions with respect to the communities in which to locate a 
new dealership and the specific sites within those communities. New dealerships have historically been located in 
the  general  proximity  of  existing  dealerships  to  facilitate  the  corporate  office’s  oversight  of  the  Company’s 
dealerships. The Company intends to add new dealerships, subject to favorable operating performance of existing 
dealerships  and  availability  of  qualified  managers.  Recently,  the  Company  has  opened  new  dealerships  under 
experienced top performing general managers and may continue to do so in order to grow and leverage the talents 
of these experienced managers.  

The Company’s approach with respect to new dealership openings has been one of gradual development. 
The manager in charge of a new dealership is normally a recently promoted associate who was an assistant manager 
at a larger dealership and in most cases participated in the formal manager-in-training program. The corporate office 
provides significant resources and support with pre-opening and initial operations of new dealerships. Historically, 
new dealerships have operated with a low level of inventory and personnel. As a result of the modest staffing level, 
the new dealership manager performs a variety of duties (i.e., selling, collecting and administrative tasks) during 
the  early  stages  of  his  or her  dealership’s  operations. As  the  dealership  develops  and  the  customer  base  grows, 
additional staff are hired. Some of the recent dealership openings have been in markets that support a higher volume 
of sales and these dealerships have opened with a higher level of inventory and staffing to accommodate the higher 
volumes. 

Monthly  sales  levels  at  new  dealerships  are  typically  substantially  less  than  sales  levels  at  mature 
dealerships.  Over  time,  new  dealerships  gain  recognition  in  their  communities,  and  a  combination  of  customer 
referrals and repeat business generally facilitates sales growth. Historically, sales growth at new dealerships could 
exceed 10% per year for a number of years, whereas mature dealerships typically experience annual sales growth 
but at a lower percentage than new dealerships. Due to continual operational initiatives, the Company is able to 
support higher  sales  levels,  and  recently  the  Company  has  raised  its  volume  expectation  level  of  new  locations 
somewhat as infrastructure improvements related to new dealership openings have improved.   

New dealerships are generally provided with approximately $1.5 million to $2.5 million in capital from the 
corporate office during the first few years of operation. These funds are used principally to fund receivables growth. 
After this start-up period, new dealerships can typically begin generating positive cash flow, allowing for some 
continuing growth in receivables without additional capital from the corporate office. As these dealerships become 
cash flow positive, a decision is made by senior management to either increase the investment due to favorable 
return rates on the invested capital, or to deploy capital elsewhere. This limitation of capital to new, as well as 
existing, dealerships serves as an important operating discipline. Dealerships must be profitable in order to grow 
and typically new dealerships can be profitable within the first year of opening. 

Dealership Acquisitions.  Since 2020, the Company has actively pursued strategic dealership acquisitions 
to  expand  its  market  presence  and  enhance  its  business  operations.  Most  recently,  the  Company  continued  its 
expansion efforts by acquiring smaller used car dealerships in Tennessee and Texas. These acquisitions helped the 
Company  further  strengthen  its  footprint  and  increase  its  market  share.  By  strategically  acquiring  established 
dealerships, the Company believes it can accelerate its growth and solidify its position as a key player in the used 
car industry. The Company’s recent acquisitions have not only expanded the Company's geographic reach but also 
allowed  the  Company  to  leverage  the  acquired  dealerships'  operational  efficiencies  and  customer  relationships, 
leading  to  enhanced  value  for  both  the  Company  and  its  customers.  Management  continues  to  actively  pursue 
additional acquisitions, including in regions beyond the Company’s existing geographic footprint, and believes that 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
disruptions in the current competitive landscape will provide unique opportunities to acquire productive dealerships 
in good markets managed by experienced owners and their staff.   

Corporate Office Oversight and Management.  The corporate office, based in Rogers, Arkansas, consists 
of regional vice presidents, area operations managers, regional inventory purchasing directors, a sales director, a 
vice  president  of  collections,  a  vice  president  of  inventory  operations,  a  director  of  audit  and  compliance  and 
compliance  auditors,  a  vice  president  of  human  resources,  a  director  of  general  manager  recruitment  and 
development, associate and management development personnel, accounting and management information systems 
personnel, administrative personnel and senior management. The corporate office monitors and oversees dealership 
operations. The corporate office has access to operating and financial information and reports on each dealership 
on a daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and annual basis. This information includes cash receipts and disbursements, 
inventory and receivables levels and statistics, receivables aging, sales and account loss data. The corporate office 
uses  this  information  to  compile  Company-wide  reports,  plan  dealership  visits  and  prepare  monthly  financial 
statements. 

Periodically,  area  operations  managers,  regional  vice  presidents,  compliance  auditors,  loss  prevention 
associates, and senior management visit the Company’s dealerships to inspect, review and comment on operations. 
The corporate office provides the overall training plan and assists in training new managers and other dealership 
level  associates.  Compliance  auditors  and  loss  prevention  associates  visit  dealerships  to  ensure  policies  and 
procedures are being followed and that the Company’s assets are being safe-guarded. In addition to financial results, 
the  corporate  office  uses  delinquency  and  account  loss  standards  and  a  point  system  to  evaluate  a  dealership’s 
performance. Also, bankrupt and legal action accounts and other accounts that have been written off at dealerships 
are handled by the corporate office to allow dealership personnel time to focus on more current accounts.  

The Company’s dealership managers meet monthly on an area, regional or Company-wide basis. At these 
meetings, corporate office personnel provide training and recognize achievements of dealership managers. Near the 
end of every fiscal year, the respective area operations manager, regional vice president and senior management 
conduct “projection” meetings with each dealership manager. At these meetings, the year’s results are reviewed and 
ranked relative to other dealerships, and both quantitative and qualitative goals are established for the upcoming 
year. The qualitative goals may focus on staff development, effective delegation, and leadership and organization 
skills.  Quantitatively,  the  Company  establishes  unit  sales  goals  and  profit  goals  based  on  invested  capital  and, 
depending on the circumstances, may establish delinquency, account loss or expense goals. 

The corporate office is also responsible for establishing policy, maintaining the Company’s management 
information systems, conducting compliance audits, orchestrating new dealership openings and setting the strategic 
direction for the Company. 

Industry 

Used Car Sales.  The market for used car sales in the United States is significant. Used car retail sales 
typically occur through franchised new car dealerships that sell used cars or independent used car dealerships. The 
Company operates in the Integrated Auto Sales and Finance segment of the independent used car sales and finance 
market. Integrated Auto Sales and Finance dealers sell and finance used cars to individuals that often have limited 
credit histories or past credit problems. Integrated Auto Sales and Finance dealers typically offer their customers 
certain advantages over more traditional financing sources, such as less restrictive underwriting guidelines, flexible 
payment  terms  (including  scheduling  payments  on  a  weekly  or  bi-weekly  basis  to  coincide  with  a  customer’s 
payday),  and  the  ability  to  make  payments  in  person,  an  important  feature  to  individuals  who  may  not  have  a 
checking account. 

Used Car Financing.  The used automobile financing industry is served by traditional lending sources such 
as banks, savings and loans, and captive finance subsidiaries of automobile manufacturers, as well as by independent 
finance companies and Integrated Auto Sales and Finance dealers. Many loans that flow through the more traditional 
sources have historically ended up packaged in the securitization markets. Despite significant opportunities, many 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
of the traditional lending sources have not historically been consistent in providing financing to individuals with 
limited credit histories or past credit problems. Management believes traditional lenders have historically avoided 
this market because of its high credit risk and the associated collections efforts.  Beginning in 2012, funding for the 
deep subprime automobile market increased significantly and has remained elevated compared to historic levels, 
likely due to the ultra-low interest rate environment combined with the historical credit performance of the used 
automobile financing market during and after the recession of the prior decade. However, as a result of the recent 
inflationary environment and increased funding costs, credit availability for used vehicle financing has tightened.  
Management expects this to continue for the foreseeable future and believes the reduced availability of used vehicle 
financing will provide the Company an opportunity to gain market share and better serve an increasing customer 
base. 

Competition 

The  used  automotive  retail  industry  is  fragmented  and  highly  competitive.  The  Company  competes 
principally with other independent Integrated Auto Sales and Finance dealers, as well as with (i) the used vehicle 
retail operations of franchised automobile dealerships, (ii) independent used vehicle dealers, and (iii) individuals 
who sell used vehicles in private transactions. The Company competes for both the purchase and resale of used 
vehicles. The increased funding to the used automobile industry and the tight supply of used vehicles in our market 
has  led  to  increased  competitive  pressures  and  higher  purchase  and  retail  prices  which  have  been  the  primary 
contributors  to  the  Company’s  decision  in  recent  periods  to  allow  longer  term  lengths  and  slightly  lower  down 
payments in connection with our customer financing contracts. 

Management  believes  the  principal  competitive  factors  in  the  sale  of  its  used  vehicles  include  (i)  the 
availability  of  financing  to  consumers  with  limited  credit  histories  or  past  credit  problems,  (ii)  the  breadth  and 
quality of vehicle selection, (iii) pricing, (iv) the convenience of a dealership’s location, (v) the option to purchase 
a  service  contract  and  an  accident  protection  plan,  and  (vi)  customer  service.  Management  believes  that  its 
dealerships are not only competitive in each of these areas, but have some distinct advantages, specifically related 
to the provision of strong customer service for a credit challenged consumer. The Company’s local face-to-face 
presence combined with some centralized support through digital and phone allows it to serve customers at a higher 
level by forming strong personal relationships. 

Seasonality 

Historically, the Company’s third fiscal quarter (November through January) has been the slowest period 
for  vehicle  sales.  Conversely,  the  Company’s  first  and  fourth  fiscal  quarters  (May  through  July  and  February 
through April) have historically been the busiest times for vehicle sales. Therefore, the Company generally realizes 
a higher proportion of its revenue and operating profit during the first and fourth fiscal quarters. The Company 
expects this pattern to continue in future years.  

If conditions arise that impair vehicle sales during the first or fourth fiscal quarters, the adverse effect on 

the Company’s revenues and operating results for the year could be disproportionately large.  

Regulation and Licensing 

The  Company  is  committed  to  a  culture  of  compliance  by  promoting  and  supporting  efforts  to  design, 
implement, manage, and maintain compliance initiatives. The Company’s operations are subject to various federal, 
state and local laws, ordinances and regulations pertaining to the sale and financing of vehicles. Under various state 
laws, the Company’s dealerships must  obtain a license in order to operate or relocate. These laws also regulate 
advertising and sales practices. The Company’s financing activities are subject to federal laws such as truth-in-
lending and equal credit opportunity laws and regulations as well as state and local motor vehicle finance laws, 
installment finance laws, usury laws and other installment sales laws. Among other things, these laws require that 
the  Company  limit  or  prescribe  terms  of  the  contracts  it  originates,  require  specified  disclosures  to  customers, 
restrict collections practices, limit the Company’s right to repossess and sell collateral, and prohibit discrimination 
against customers on the basis of certain characteristics including age, race, gender and marital status.  

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company’s consumer financing and collection activities are also subject to oversight by the federal 
Consumer  Financial  Protection  Bureau  (“CFPB”),  which  has  broad  regulatory  powers  over  consumer  credit 
products and services such as those offered by the Company. Under a CFPB rule adopted in 2015, the Company’s 
finance subsidiary, Colonial, is deemed a “larger participant” in the automobile financing market and is therefore 
subject to examination and supervision by the CFPB. 

The states in which the Company operates impose limits on interest rates the Company can charge on its 
installment contracts. These limits have generally been based on either (i) a specified margin above the federal 
primary credit rate, (ii) the age of the vehicle, or (iii) a fixed rate.  

The Company is also subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations that pertain to the 
environment,  including  compliance  with  regulations  concerning  the  use,  handling  and  disposal  of  hazardous 
substances and wastes.  

Management believes the Company is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable federal, 
state  and  local  laws,  ordinances  and  regulations;  however,  the  adoption  of  additional  laws,  changes  in  the 
interpretation  of  existing  laws,  or  the  Company’s  entrance  into  jurisdictions  with  more  stringent  regulatory 
requirements could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s used vehicle sales and finance business. 

Human Capital Resources 

At America’s Car-Mart, Inc., our associates are the heart of our business. Our associates are committed to 
making a difference for customers, their communities and each other. As of April 30, 2023, the Company, including 
its consolidated subsidiaries, employed a diverse associate base of approximately 2,260 fulltime associates. None 
of the Company’s employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company believes that its 
relations with its employees are positive. 

Diversity and Inclusion 

The Company’s culture is one that fosters diversity, equity and inclusion. We view diversity as an important 
factor  in  reflecting  the  values  and  cultures  of  all  our  associates.  Each  of  our  dealerships  is  a  locally  operated 
business, and our diversity must represent the communities in which we serve. The Company is an equal opportunity 
employer  that  strives  to  provide  an  inclusive  environment,  including  associates  that  represent  a  wide  range  of 
backgrounds,  cultures,  and  experiences.  The  Company’s  hiring  practices  are  designed  to  find  and  promote 
candidates reflecting the various communities in which we operate. As of April 30, 2023, 52% of the Company’s 
associates were women and 34% of our associates were racially or ethnically diverse. 

Employee Safety and Health 

Ensuring the safety of all associates is a critical priority for the Company. Associates are expected to stay 
informed about safety initiatives and to report unsafe conditions to their supervisor. Suppliers are expected to ensure 
that  employees  working  on  behalf  of  Car-Mart  adhere  to  all  of  the  Company’s  health  and  safety  policies, 
requirements and regulations. The Company’s specific annual safety goals are to eliminate all preventable work-
related injuries, illnesses and property damage and achieve 100% compliance with all established safety procedures. 
Internally, we track workplace injuries among associates, customers and other third parties at our facilities. With 
our comprehensive safety and education program and attention to proper procedures at our dealerships, the number 
of incidents is below industry standards for all retail locations. Our Risk Manager is responsible for safety education 
and training, and regularly reviews indicators and areas where risks and injuries can occur, helping to eliminate 
hazards.  General  Managers  at  each  dealership  are  responsible  for  safety  at  their  location  on  a  daily  basis,  and 
members of the safety committee at our corporate office are trained on CPR and other emergency procedures and 
regularly conduct drills for events such as a fire or tornado. We continue to follow the CDC COVID-19 guidelines 
and established Company procedures to maintain facilities that are clean, safe, and sanitized.  

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From a health perspective, the Company believes it is important to support the physical, mental, social, 
environmental and financial well-being of our Car-Mart associates at work and at home. The Company is committed 
to doing so with key initiatives that inspire associates to strive for long-term sustainable health and wellness for 
themselves and their families. We seek to educate and empower associates to improve and maintain their overall 
health. Further, we offer resources for preventive care, such as flu shots, vaccinations and other preventative health 
screenings. Associates have access to retirement investment plans and legal consultants to help them save for their 
future needs. The Company also offers professional resources that promote associates’ mental health and general 
well-being. 

Talent and Development 

The  Company  is  committed  to  building  a  working  environment  and  culture  that  attracts,  develops  and 
retains motivated associates. The Company strives to provide associates with broader challenging opportunities, an 
environment that encourages entrepreneurial thinking and the ability to develop their career. The success of our 
growth strategy and the operation of an organization that supports dealerships throughout 12 states requires that we 
continue to seek, attract, hire and retain top talent at all levels of the Company. We offer a competitive compensation 
and benefits program, and an opportunity for our associates to grow personally and professionally, with an eye 
toward retirement and financial planning. 

The Company provides each associate with a comprehensive compensation package that is based on the 
role he or she fills. Our compensation philosophy is based on performance, both individually and as a company. 
Many of our associates have the opportunity to earn additional compensation through commissions, performance-
based salary increases and bonuses. All associates earn above minimum wage requirements under both state and 
federal law requirements. In addition, associates have a menu of benefit options to choose from to meet their needs. 

The Company offers multiple programs for associate training, mentoring, and advancement. All associates 
are required to complete orientation courses in culture, safety, sexual harassment and discrimination awareness, and 
other compliance topics. Associates also have access to online training programs for the development of job-specific 
skills,  leadership  behaviors,  and  advanced  topics  such  as  unconscious  bias.    The  Company’s  Future  Manager 
training  program  allows  associates  to  learn  all  facets  of  operating  a  Car-Mart  store  from  vehicle  inventory  and 
facility management to effective collection techniques, while acquiring leadership skills. In addition, the Company 
maintains its “Car-Mart U” training program which builds on the foundation established in the Future Manager 
program by providing a series of blended learning solutions preparing assistant managers for a general manager or 
other elevated management role by introducing new curriculum focused on advanced leadership training, business 
concepts and customer experience. We believe such programs demonstrate the Company’s commitment to the long-
term growth, motivation, and success of our associates. 

Available Information 

The Company’s website is located at www.car-mart.com. The Company makes available on this website, 
free of charge, access to its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 
8-K and all amendments to those reports, as well as proxy statements and other information the Company files with, 
or  furnishes  to,  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  (“SEC”)  as  soon  as  reasonably  practicable  after  the 
Company electronically submits this material to the SEC. The information contained on the website or available by 
hyperlink  from  the  website  is  not  incorporated  into  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  or  other  documents  the 
Company files with, or furnishes to, the SEC.  

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Executive Officers of the Registrant 

The following table provides information regarding the executive officers of the Company as of April 30, 

2023: 

Name 

Jeffrey A. Williams……………….. 

Vickie D. Judy…... ………………. 

Douglas Campbell………………... 

Age 

60 

57 

47 

Position with the Company 

  Chief Executive Officer and Director 

  Chief Financial Officer 

  President 

Jeffrey A. Williams has served as Chief Executive Officer of the Company since January 2018, President 
of the Company from March 2016 until October 2022, and as a director since August 2011. Before becoming Chief 
Executive Officer, Mr. Williams served as Chief Financial Officer of the Company since 2005. He also served as 
Vice President Finance from 2005 to March 2016 and as Secretary of the Company from 2005 to May 2018. Mr. 
Williams  is  a  Certified  Public  Accountant,  inactive,  and  prior  to  joining  the  Company,  his  experience  included 
approximately seven years in public accounting with Arthur Andersen & Co. and Coopers and Lybrand LLC in 
Tulsa,  Oklahoma  and  Dallas,  Texas.  His  experience  also  includes  approximately  five  years  as  Chief  Financial 
Officer and Vice President of Operations of Wynco, LLC, a nationwide distributor of animal health products.  

Vickie D. Judy has served as Chief Financial Officer of the Company since January 2018. Before becoming 
Chief Financial Officer in January 2018, Ms. Judy served as Principal Accounting Officer since March 2016 and 
Vice President of Accounting since August 2015. Since joining the Company in May 2010, Ms. Judy has also served 
as Controller and Director of Financial Reporting. Ms. Judy is a Certified Public Accountant and prior to joining 
the Company her experience included approximately five years in public accounting with Arthur Andersen & Co. 
and approximately 17 years at National Home Centers, Inc., a home improvement product and building materials 
retailer, most recently as Vice President of Financial Reporting. 

Douglas  Campbell  has  served  as  President  of  the  Company  since  October  2022.    Before  joining  the 
company, Mr. Campbell was Senior Vice President, Head of Fleet Services for the Americas, at Avis Budget Group 
(“Avis”) since June 2022, previously serving in roles as Head of Fleet Services for the Americas since June 2021 
and Vice President, Remarketing for the Americas, at Avis from March 2018 to June 2021. Prior to joining Avis, 
Mr. Campbell held management positions at AutoNation from September 2014 to March 2018 serving as Used 
Vehicle  Director,  Eastern  Region,  in  AutoNation’s  corporate  office  and  later  as  General  Manager  of  its  Honda 
Dulles dealership. Preceding AutoNation, Mr. Campbell served fifteen years with Coral Springs Auto Mall, most 
recently serving as Executive General Manager. 

Item 1A.  Risk Factors 

The Company is subject to various risks. The following is a discussion of risks that could materially and 

adversely affect the Company’s business, operating results, and financial condition. 

Risks Related to the Company’s Business, Industry, and Markets 

Recent  and  future  disruptions  in  domestic  and  global  economic  and  market  conditions  could  have  adverse 
consequences for the used automotive retail industry in the future and may have greater consequences for the non-
prime segment of the industry. 

In the normal course of business, the used automotive retail industry is subject to changes in regional U.S. 
economic conditions, including, but not limited to, interest rates, gasoline prices, inflation, personal discretionary 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
spending levels, and consumer sentiment about the economy in general. Recent and future disruptions in domestic 
and  global  economic  and  market  conditions,  including  rising  interest  rates  and  higher  grocery  and  gasoline,  or 
significant changes in the political environment (such as the ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia) 
and/or public policy, could adversely affect consumer demand or increase the Company’s costs, resulting in lower 
profitability for the Company. Due to the Company’s focus on non-prime customers, its actual rate of delinquencies, 
repossessions  and  credit  losses  on  contracts  could  be  higher  under  adverse  economic  conditions  than  those 
experienced in the automotive retail finance industry in general. 

The  outlook  for  the  U.S.  economy  and  the  impacts  of  efforts  to  reduce  inflation  through  interest  rate 
increases remains uncertain, which may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations 
and  liquidity.  Periods  of  economic  slowdown  or  recession  are  often  characterized  by  high  unemployment  and 
diminished availability of credit, generally resulting in increases in delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and credit 
losses. Further, periods of economic slowdown may also be accompanied by temporary or prolonged decreased 
consumer demand for motor vehicles and declining used vehicle prices. Significant increases in the inventory of 
used vehicles during periods of economic slowdown or recession may also depress the prices at which repossessed 
automobiles may be sold or delay the timing of these sales. The prices of used vehicles are variable and a rise or 
decline in the used vehicle prices may have an adverse effect on the Company’s business. The Company is unable 
to predict with certainty the future impact of the most recent global and domestic economic conditions on consumer 
demand in our markets or on the Company’s costs. 

A reduction in the availability or access to sources of inventory could adversely affect the Company’s business by 
increasing the costs of vehicles purchased.  

The Company acquires vehicles primarily through wholesalers, new car dealers, individuals and auctions. 
There can be no assurance that sufficient inventory will continue to be available to the Company or will be available 
at  comparable  costs.  Any  reduction  in  the  availability  of  inventory  or  increases  in  the  cost  of  vehicles  could 
adversely affect gross margin percentages as the Company focuses on keeping payments affordable to its customer 
base. The Company could have to absorb a portion of cost increases. The supply of vehicles at appropriate prices 
available  to  the  Company  is  significantly  affected  by  overall  new  car  sales  volumes,  which  were  negatively 
impacted  by  the  business  and  economic  and  supply  chain  disruptions  following  the  outbreak  of  the  COVID-19 
pandemic and have historically been materially and adversely affected by prior economic downturns. Any future 
decline in new car sales could further adversely affect the Company’s access to and costs of inventory. Our ability 
to source vehicles could also be impacted by the closure of auctions and wholesalers as a result of any future public 
health crisis, adverse economic conditions, or other factors.  

The used automotive retail industry is fragmented and highly competitive, which could result in increased costs to 
the Company for vehicles and adverse price competition. Increased competition on the financing side of the business 
could result in increased credit losses. 

The Company competes principally with other independent Integrated Auto Sales and Finance dealers, and 
with  (i)  the  used  vehicle  retail  operations  of  franchised  automobile  dealerships,  (ii)  independent  used  vehicle 
dealers, and (iii) individuals who sell used vehicles in private transactions. The Company competes for both the 
purchase and resale, which includes, in most cases, financing for the customer, of used vehicles. The Company’s 
competitors may sell the same or similar makes of vehicles that Car-Mart offers in the same or similar markets at 
competitive  prices.  Increased  competition  in  the  market,  including  new  entrants  to  the  market,  could  result  in 
increased wholesale costs for used vehicles and lower-than-expected vehicle sales and margins. Further, if any of 
the Company’s competitors seek to gain or retain market share by reducing prices for used vehicles, the Company 
would  likely  reduce  its  prices  in  order  to  remain  competitive,  which  may  result  in  a  decrease  in  its  sales  and 
profitability  and  require  a  change  in  its  operating  strategies.  Increased  competition  on  the  financing  side  puts 
pressure on contract structures and increases the risk for higher credit losses. More qualified applicants have more 
financing options on the front-end, and if events adversely affecting the borrower occur after the sale, the increased 
competition  may  tempt  the  borrower  to  default  on  their  contract  with  the  Company  in  favor  of  other  financing 
options, which in turn increases the likelihood of the Company not being able to save that account. 

17 

 
 
 
 
The used automotive retail industry operates in a highly regulated environment with significant attendant 
compliance costs and penalties for non-compliance. 

The  used  automotive  retail  industry  is  subject  to  a  wide  range  of  federal,  state,  and  local  laws  and 
regulations,  such  as  local  licensing  requirements  and  laws  regarding  advertising,  vehicle  sales,  financing,  and 
employment practices. Facilities and operations are also subject to federal, state, and local laws and regulations 
relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. The violation of these laws and regulations could 
result in administrative, civil, or criminal penalties against the Company or in a cease and desist order. As a result, 
the  Company  has  incurred,  and  will  continue  to  incur,  capital  and  operating  expenditures,  and  other  costs  of 
complying with these laws and regulations. Further, over the past several years, private plaintiffs and federal, state, 
and local regulatory and law enforcement authorities have increased their scrutiny of advertising, sales and finance 
activities  in  the  sale  of  motor  vehicles.  Additionally,  the  Company’s  finance  subsidiary,  Colonial,  is  deemed  a 
“larger participant” in the automobile finance market and is therefore subject to examination and supervision by the 
CFPB, which has broad regulatory powers over consumer credit products and services such as those offered by the 
Company. 

The Company’s business is geographically concentrated; therefore, the Company’s results of operations may be 
adversely affected by unfavorable conditions in its local markets. 

The Company’s performance is subject to local economic, competitive, and other conditions prevailing in 
the twelve states where the Company operates. The Company provides financing in connection with the sale of 
substantially  all  of  its  vehicles.  These  sales  are  made  primarily  to  customers  residing  in  Alabama,  Arkansas, 
Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas with approximately 27.4% of 
revenues  resulting  from  sales  to  Arkansas  customers.  The  Company’s  current  results  of  operations  depend 
substantially on general economic conditions and consumer spending habits in these local markets. Any decline in 
the general economic conditions or decreased consumer spending in these markets may have a negative effect on 
the Company’s results of operations. 

The Company’s growth strategy is dependent upon the following factors: 

  Favorable  operating  performance.  Our  ability  to  expand  our  business  through  additional  dealership 
openings or strategic acquisitions is dependent on a sufficiently favorable level of operating performance 
to support the management, personnel and capital resources necessary to successfully open and operate or 
acquire new locations.  

  Ability to successfully identify, complete and integrate new acquisitions. Part of our current growth strategy 
includes  strategic  acquisitions  of  dealerships.  We  could  have  difficulty  identifying  attractive  target 
dealerships,  completing  the  acquisition  or  integrating  the  acquired  business’  assets,  personnel  and 
operations with our own. Acquisitions are accompanied by a number of inherent risks, including, without 
limitation,  the  difficulty  of  integrating  acquired  companies  and  operations;  potential  disruption  of  our 
ongoing business and distraction of our management or the management of the target company; difficulties 
in maintaining controls, procedures and policies; potential impairment of relationships with associates and 
partners as a result of any integration of new personnel; potential inability to manage an increased number 
of locations and associates; failure to realize expected efficiencies, synergies and cost savings; reaction to 
the transaction among the companies’ customers and potential customers; and the effect of any government 
regulations which relate to the businesses acquired. 

  Availability of suitable dealership sites. Our ability to open new dealerships is subject to the availability of 
suitable dealership sites in locations and on terms favorable to the Company. If and when the Company 
decides  to  open  new  dealerships,  the  inability  to  acquire  suitable  real  estate,  either  through  lease  or 
purchase, at favorable terms could limit the expansion of the Company’s dealership base. In addition, if a 
new dealership is unsuccessful and we are forced to close the dealership, we could incur additional costs if 
we are unable to dispose of the property in a timely manner or on terms favorable to the Company. Any of 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s expansion strategy and future 
operating results. 

  Ability to attract and retain management for new dealerships. The success of new dealerships is dependent 
upon the Company being able to hire and retain additional competent personnel. The market for qualified 
employees in the industry and in the regions in which the Company operates is highly competitive. If we 
are  unable  to  hire  and  retain  qualified  and  competent  personnel  to  operate  our  new  dealerships,  these 
dealerships  may  not  be  profitable,  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  future  financial 
condition and operating results. 

  Availability  and  cost  of  vehicles.  The  cost  and  availability  of  sources  of  inventory  could  affect  the 
Company’s  ability  to  open  new  dealerships  The  long-term  impacts  of  the  economic  downturn  due  to 
COVID-19 on new car sales volumes and the ability of auctions and wholesalers to continue to operate is 
uncertain. Any of these factors could potentially have a significant negative effect on the supply of vehicles 
at appropriate prices available to the Company in future periods. This could also make it difficult for the 
Company  to  supply  appropriate  levels  of  inventory  for  an  increasing  number  of  dealerships  without 
significant additional costs, which could limit our future sales or reduce future profit margins if we are 
required to incur substantially higher costs to maintain appropriate inventory levels. 

  Acceptable levels of credit losses at new dealerships. Credit losses tend to be higher at new dealerships due 
to fewer repeat customers and less experienced associates; therefore, the opening of new dealerships tends 
to increase the Company’s overall credit losses. In addition, new dealerships may experience higher than 
anticipated credit losses, which may require the Company to incur additional costs to reduce future credit 
losses  or  to  close  the  underperforming  locations  altogether.  Any  of  these  circumstances  could  have  a 
material adverse effect on the Company’s future financial condition and operating results. 

The Company’s business is subject to seasonal fluctuations.  

Historically, the Company’s third fiscal quarter (November through January) has been the slowest period 
for  vehicle  sales.  Conversely,  the  Company’s  first  and  fourth  fiscal  quarters  (May  through  July  and  February 
through April) have historically been the busiest times for vehicle sales. Therefore, the Company generally realizes 
a higher proportion of its revenue and operating profit during the first and fourth fiscal quarters. The Company 
expects this pattern to continue in future years.  

If conditions arise that impair vehicle sales during the first or fourth fiscal quarters, the adverse effect on 

the Company’s revenues and operating results for the year could be disproportionately large.  

The  effects  of  any  future  public  health  crisis  could  have  a  significant  impact  on  our  business,  sales,  results  of 
operations and financial condition.  

The  global outbreak  of  COVID-19  led  to  severe  disruptions  in  general  economic  activities,  particularly 
retail operations, as businesses and federal, state, and local governments implemented mandates to mitigate this 
public health crisis. The pandemic has affected consumer demand and the overall health of the U.S. economy. The 
effects of any future outbreaks of the pandemic or similar health crises could negatively impact all aspects of our 
business,  including  used  vehicle  sales  and  financing,  finance  receivable  collections,  repossession  activity  and 
inventory acquisition. Our business is also dependent on the continued health and productivity of our associates, 
including  management  teams,  throughout  this  crisis.  The  consequences  of  any  future  adverse  public  health 
developments  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  sales,  results  of  operations  and  financial 
condition. 

Additionally,  our  liquidity  could  be  negatively  impacted  if  economic  conditions  were  to  once  again 
deteriorate  due  to  a  future  COVID-19  outbreak  or  other  public  health  crisis,  which  could  require  us  to  pursue 
additional  sources  of  financing  to  obtain  working  capital,  maintain  appropriate  inventory  levels,  support  the 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
origination of vehicle financing, and meet our financial obligations. Capital and credit markets were significantly 
affected by onset of the crisis and could be disrupted once again by any future wave of the virus or outbreak of a 
new coronavirus variant, and our ability to obtain any new or additional financing is not guaranteed and largely 
dependent upon evolving market conditions and other factors. 

Risks Related to the Company’s Operations 

The Company may have a higher risk of delinquency and default than traditional lenders because it finances its 
sales of used vehicles to credit-impaired borrowers. 

Substantially all of the Company’s automobile contracts involve financing to individuals with impaired or 
limited credit histories, or higher debt-to-income ratios than permitted by traditional lenders. Financing made to 
borrowers who are restricted in their ability to obtain financing from traditional lenders generally entails a higher 
risk of delinquency, default and repossession, and higher losses than financing made to borrowers with better credit. 
Delinquency interrupts the flow of projected interest income and repayment of principal from a contract, and a 
default can ultimately lead to a loss if the net realizable value of the automobile securing the contract is insufficient 
to  cover  the  principal  and  interest  due  on  the  contract  or  if  the  vehicle  cannot  be  recovered.  The  Company’s 
profitability depends, in part, upon its ability to properly evaluate the creditworthiness of non-prime borrowers and 
efficiently  service  such  contracts.  Although  the  Company  believes  that  its  underwriting  criteria  and  collection 
methods enable it to manage the higher risks inherent in financing made to non-prime borrowers, no assurance can 
be given that such criteria or methods will afford adequate protection against such risks. If the Company experiences 
higher  losses  than  anticipated,  its  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and  business  prospects  could  be 
materially and adversely affected. 

The Company’s allowance for credit losses may not be sufficient to cover actual credit losses, which could adversely 
affect its financial condition and operating results. 

When applicable, the Company has to recognize losses resulting from the inability of certain borrowers to 
pay contracts and the insufficient realizable value of the collateral securing contracts. The Company maintains an 
allowance for credit losses in an attempt to cover net credit losses expected over the remaining life of the contracts 
in the portfolio at the measurement date. Additional credit losses will likely occur in the future and may occur at a 
rate greater than the Company has experienced to date. The allowance for credit losses represents management’s 
best  estimate  of  lifetime  expected  losses  based  on  reasonable  and  supportable  forecasts,  historical  credit  loss 
experience, changes in contractual characteristics (i.e., average amount financed, term, and interest rates), and other  
qualitative  considerations,  such  as  credit  quality  trends,  collateral  values,  current  and  forecasted  economic 
conditions, underwriting and collections practices, concentration risk, credit review, and other external factors. This 
evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates of material factors that may be susceptible to significant 
change. If the Company’s assumptions and judgments prove to be incorrect, its current allowance for credit losses 
may  not  be  sufficient  and  adjustments  may  be  necessary  to  allow  for  different  economic  conditions  or  adverse 
developments in its contract portfolio which could adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results 
of operations. At April 30, 2023 the Company increased its allowance for credit losses to 23.91% from 23.65% of 
the principal balance of finance receivables, net of deferred revenue, primarily due to increases in historical losses 
as a result of the ending of federal stimulus programs, continuing inflationary pressure on customers and increasing 
interest rates from federal monetary policy. Any future deterioration in economic conditions or consumer financial 
health may result in additional future credit losses that may not be fully reflected in the allowance for credit losses.  

The Company’s success depends upon the continued contributions of its management teams and the ability to 
attract and retain qualified employees. 

The  Company  is  dependent  upon  the  continued  contributions  of  its  management  teams.  Because  the 
Company maintains a decentralized operation in which each dealership is responsible for buying and selling its own 
vehicles, making credit decisions and collecting contracts it originates, the key employees at each dealership are 
important factors in the Company’s ability to implement its business strategy. Consequently, the loss of the services 
of key employees could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations. In addition, when 

20 

 
 
 
 
the Company decides to open new dealerships, the Company will need to hire additional personnel. The market for 
qualified employees in the industry and in the regions in which the Company operates is highly competitive and 
may  subject  the  Company  to  increased  labor  costs  during  periods  of  low  unemployment  or  times  of  increased 
competition for labor.  

The Company’s business is dependent upon the efficient operation of its information systems.  

The Company relies on its information systems in managing its sales, inventory, consumer financing, and 
customer information effectively. The failure of the Company’s information systems to perform as designed, or the 
failure to maintain and continually enhance or protect the integrity of these systems, could disrupt the Company’s 
business, impact sales and profitability, or expose the Company to customer or third-party claims.  

Security breaches, cyber-attacks or fraudulent activity could result in damage to the Company's operations or lead 
to reputational damage. 

Our information and technology systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses, 
network  failures,  computer  and  telecommunications  failures,  infiltration  by  unauthorized  persons  and  security 
breaches, usage errors by our employees, power outages and catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes, floods, 
hurricanes and earthquakes. A security breach of the Company's computer systems could also interrupt or damage 
its operations or harm its reputation. In addition, the Company could be subject to liability if confidential customer 
information is misappropriated from its computer systems. Any compromise of security, including security breaches 
perpetrated  on  persons  with  whom  the  Company  has  commercial  relationships,  that  result  in  the  unauthorized 
release of its users’ personal information, could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant 
legal  and  financial  exposure,  damage  to  the  Company's  reputation,  and  a  loss  of  confidence  in  the  Company's 
security measures, which could harm its business. Any compromise of security could deter people from entering 
into  transactions  that  involve  transmitting  confidential  information  to  the  Company's  systems  and  could  harm 
relationships with the Company's suppliers, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business. 
Actual or anticipated attacks may cause the Company to incur increasing costs, including costs to deploy additional 
personnel and protection technologies, train employees, and engage third-party experts and consultants. Despite the 
implementation of security measures, these systems may still be vulnerable to physical break-ins, computer viruses, 
programming  errors,  attacks  by  third  parties  or  similar  disruptive  problems.  The  Company  may  not  have  the 
resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent rapidly evolving types of cyber-attacks. 

Most of the Company's customers provide personal information when applying for financing. The Company 
relies on encryption and authentication technology to provide security to effectively store and securely transmit 
confidential information. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other 
developments  may  result  in  the  technology  used by the  Company  to  protect  transaction  data  being  breached  or 
compromised. 

In addition, many of the third parties who provide products, services, or support to the Company could also 
experience any of the above cyber risks or security breaches, which could impact the Company's customers and its 
business and could result in a loss of customers, suppliers, or revenue. 

We may be unable to keep pace with technological advances and changes in consumer behavior affecting our 
business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. 

We rely on our information technology systems to facilitate digital sales leads. Our ability to optimize our 
digital sales platform is affected by online search engines and classified sites that are not direct competitors but that 
may direct online traffic to the websites of competing automotive retailers. These third-party sites could make it 
more difficult for us to market our vehicles online and attract customers to our online offerings. Further, to address 
changes in consumer buying preferences and to improve customer experience, inventory procurement and recruiting 
and training, we make corresponding technology and systems upgrades. We may not be able to establish sufficient 
technological upgrades to support evolving consumer buying preferences and to keep pace with our competitors. If 
these systems fail to perform as designed or if we fail to respond effectively to consumer buying preferences or 

21 

 
 
 
 
keep pace with technological advances by our competitors, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition and results of operations. 

Changes in the availability or cost of capital and working capital financing could adversely affect the Company’s 
growth and business strategies, and volatility and disruption of the capital and credit markets and adverse changes 
in the global economy could have a negative impact on the Company’s ability to access the credit markets in the 
future and/or obtain credit on favorable terms.  

The Company generates cash from income from continuing operations. The cash is primarily used to fund 
finance receivables growth. To the extent finance receivables growth exceeds income from continuing operations, 
the Company generally increases its borrowings under its revolving credit facilities and, more recently, has issued 
non-recourse notes through asset-back securitization transactions to provide the cash necessary to fund operations. 
On a long-term basis, the Company expects its principal sources of liquidity to consist of income from continuing 
operations and borrowings under revolving credit facilities and/or term securitizations. Any adverse changes in the 
Company’s  ability  to  borrow  under  revolving  credit  facilities  or  by  accessing  the  securitization  market,  or  any 
increase in the cost of such borrowings, would likely have a negative impact on the Company’s ability to finance 
receivables  growth  which  would  adversely  affect  the  Company’s  growth  and  business  strategies.  Further,  the 
Company’s  current  credit  facilities  and  non-recourse  notes  payable  contain  various  reporting  and/or  financial 
performance covenants. Any failure of the Company to comply with these covenants could have a material adverse 
effect on the Company’s ability to implement its business strategy.  

If the capital and credit markets experience disruptions and/or the availability of funds becomes restricted, 
it is possible that the Company’s ability to access the capital and credit markets may be limited or available on less 
favorable  terms  which  could  have  an  impact  on  the  Company’s  ability  to  refinance  maturing  debt  or  react  to 
changing economic and business conditions. In addition, if negative domestic or global economic conditions persist 
for an extended period of time or worsen substantially, the Company’s business may suffer in a manner which could 
cause the Company to fail to satisfy the financial and other restrictive covenants under its credit facilities. 

The impact of climate-change related events, including efforts to reduce or mitigate the effects of climate change 
and inclement weather can adversely impact the Company’s operating results. 

The effects of climate change such as natural disasters or the occurrence of weather events, such as rain, 
snow, wind, storms, hurricanes, or other natural disasters, which adversely affect consumer traffic at the Company’s 
automotive  dealerships,  could  negatively  impact  the  Company’s  operating  results.  Further,  the  pricing  of  used 
vehicles  is  affected  by,  among  other  factors,  consumer  preferences,  which  may  be  impacted  by  consumer 
perceptions  of  climate  change  and  consumer  efforts  to  mitigate  or  reduce  climate  change-related  events  by 
purchasing vehicles that are viewed as more fuel efficient (including vehicles powered primarily or solely through 
electricity). An increase in the supply or a decrease in the demand for used vehicles may impact the resale value of 
the vehicles the Company sells. Moreover, the implementation of new or revised laws or regulations designed to 
address or mitigate the potential impacts of climate change (including laws which may adversely impact the auto 
industry  in  particular  as  a  result  of  efforts  to  mitigate  the  factors  contributing  to  climate  change)  could  have  a 
significant impact on the Company. Consequently, the impact of climate change-related events, including efforts to 
reduce or mitigate the effects of climate change, may adversely impact the Company’s operating results. 

Risks Related to the Company’s Common Stock 

The Company’s stock trading volume may result in greater volatility in the market price of the Company’s common 
stock and may not provide adequate liquidity for investors. 

Although shares of the Company’s common stock are traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, the 
average daily trading volume in the Company’s common stock is less than that of other larger automotive retail 
companies. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness depends 
on the presence in the marketplace of a sufficient number of willing buyers and sellers of the common stock at any 
given  time.  This  presence  depends  on  the  individual  decisions  of  investors  and  general  economic  and  market 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
conditions  over  which  the Company  has  no  control. Given  the  average  daily  trading  volume  of  the  Company’s 
common  stock,  the  market  price  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  may  be  subject  to  greater  volatility  than 
companies with larger trading volumes as smaller transactions can more significantly impact the Company’s stock 
price. Significant sales of the Company’s common stock in a brief period of time, or the expectation of these sales, 
could cause a decline in the price of the Company’s common stock. The price of the Company’s common stock 
may also be subject to wide fluctuations based upon the Company’s operating results, general economic and market 
conditions, general trends and prospects for our industry, announcements by competitors, the Company’s ability to 
achieve any long-term targets or performance metrics and other factors. Any such fluctuations could increase the 
Company’s risk of being subject to securities class action litigation, which could result in substantial costs, divert 
management’s  attention  and  resources  and  have  other  material  adverse  impacts  on  the  Company’s  business. 
Additionally, low trading volumes may limit a stockholder’s ability to sell shares of the Company’s common stock. 

The Company currently does not intend to pay future dividends on its common stock. 

The  Company  historically  has  not  paid  cash  dividends  on  its  common  stock  and  currently  does  not 
anticipate paying future cash dividends on its common stock. Any determination to pay future dividends and other 
distributions in cash, stock, or property by the Company in the future will be at the discretion of the Company’s 
Board of Directors and will be dependent on then-existing conditions, including the Company’s financial condition 
and results of operations and contractual restrictions. The Company is also limited in its ability to pay dividends or 
make other distributions to its shareholders without the consent of its lender. Therefore, stockholders should not 
rely on future dividend income from shares of the Company’s common stock. 

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments 

Not applicable. 

Item 2.  Properties 

As of April 30, 2023, the Company leased approximately 79% of its facilities, including dealerships and 
the  Company’s  corporate  offices.  These  facilities  are  located  principally  in  the  states  of  Alabama,  Arkansas, 
Georgia,  Illinois,  Kentucky,  Mississippi,  Missouri,  Oklahoma,  Tennessee  and  Texas.  The  Company’s  corporate 
offices  are  located  in  approximately  50,000  square  feet  of  leased  space  in  Rogers,  Arkansas.  For  additional 
information regarding the Company’s properties, see “Operations-Dealership Locations and Facilities” under Item 
1 above and “Contractual Payment Obligations” and “Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements” under Item 7 of Part II. 

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings 

In  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  the  Company  has  become  a  defendant  in  various  types  of  legal 
proceedings. While the outcome of these proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company does not 
expect the final outcome of any of these proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse 
effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosure 

Not applicable. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II 

Item  5.    Market  for  Registrant's  Common  Equity,  Related  Stockholder  Matters  and  Issuer  Purchases  of 
Equity Securities 

Market Information for Common Equity 

The Company’s common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol CRMT.  

Holders of Record 

As  of  June  23,  2023,  there  were  approximately  977  shareholders  of  record.  This  number  excludes 
stockholders holding the Company’s common stock as “beneficial owners” under nominee security position listings. 

Stockholder Return Performance Graph 

Set forth below is a line graph comparing the fiscal year end percentage change in the cumulative total 
stockholder return on the Company’s common stock to (i) the cumulative total return of the NASDAQ Market Index 
(U.S.  companies),  and  (ii)  the  market-weighted  value  of  a  customized  peer  group  of  automotive  dealership 
companies (“Auto Dealerships”) composed of the common stock of Asbury Automotive Group, Inc.; AutoNation, 
Inc.; CarMax, Inc.; Copart, Inc.; Group 1 Automotive, Inc.; Lithia Motors, Inc.; Penske Automotive Group, Inc.; 
Rush Enterprises, Inc.; and Sonic Automotive, Inc. for the period of five fiscal years commencing on May 1, 2018 
and ending on April 30, 2023. The Company selected the customized peer group because the Hemscott Group 744 
Index is no longer available.  

The graph assumes that the value of the investment in the Company’s common stock and each index or 

peer group was $100 on April 30, 2018. 

* $100 invested on 4/30/2018 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.  
Fiscal year ending April 30. 

The dollar value at April 30, 2023 of $100 invested in the Company’s common stock on April 30, 2018 
was $150.3, compared to $180.98 for the NASDAQ Market Index (U.S. Companies) and $241.12 for the Auto 
Dealerships peer group. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividend Policy  

Since its inception, the Company has paid no cash dividends on its common stock. The Company currently 
intends for the foreseeable future to continue its policy of retaining earnings to finance future growth. Payment of 
cash dividends in the future will be determined by the Company's Board of Directors and will depend upon, among 
other  things,  the  Company's  future  earnings,  operations,  capital  requirements  and  surplus,  general  financial 
condition,  contractual  restrictions  that  may  exist,  and  such  other  factors  as  the  Board  of  Directors  may  deem 
relevant. The Company is also limited in its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to its shareholders 
without the consent of its lender. Please see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Item 7 of Part II for more 
information regarding this limitation.  

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 

The Company is authorized to repurchase shares of its common stock under its common stock repurchase 
program. On December 14, 2020, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional one million 
shares along with the balance remaining under its previous authorization approved and announced on November 
16,  2017.  No  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  were  purchased  under  the  Company’s  stock  repurchase 
program during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023.  

Item 6. [Reserved] 

Item 7.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 

The  following  discussion  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  Company's  Consolidated  Financial 

Statements and Notes thereto appearing in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Overview 

America’s  Car-Mart,  Inc.,  a  Texas  corporation  (the  “Company”),  is  one  of  the  largest  publicly  held 
automotive retailers in the United States focused exclusively on the “Integrated Auto Sales and Finance” segment 
of  the  used  car  market.  References  to  the  Company  include  the  Company’s  consolidated  subsidiaries.  The 
Company’s operations are principally conducted through its two operating subsidiaries, America’s Car Mart, Inc., 
an  Arkansas  corporation  (“Car-Mart  of  Arkansas”),  and  Colonial  Auto  Finance,  Inc.,  an  Arkansas  corporation 
(“Colonial”). Collectively, Car-Mart of Arkansas and Colonial are referred to herein as “Car-Mart.” The Company 
primarily sells older model used vehicles and provides financing for substantially all of its customers. Many of the 
Company’s customers have limited financial resources and would not qualify for conventional financing as a result 
of limited credit histories or past credit problems. As of April 30, 2023, the Company operated 156 dealerships 
located primarily in small cities throughout the South-Central United States. 

Car-Mart has been operating since 1981. Car-Mart has grown its revenues between approximately 4% and 
32% per year over the last ten years (average 12.0%). Growth results from same dealership revenue growth and the 
addition of new dealerships. Revenue increased 17.6% for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 compared to fiscal 
2022 primarily due to a 10.4% increase in average retail sales price, a 4.9% increase in units sold and a 29.2% 
increase in interest income.  

The Company earns revenue from the sale of used vehicles, and in most cases a related service contract and 
an  accident  protection  plan  product,  as  well  as  interest  income  and  late  fees  from  the  related  financing.  The 
Company’s cost structure is more fixed in nature and is sensitive to volume changes. Revenue can be affected by 
our  level  of  competition,  which  is  influenced  to  a  large  extent  by  the  availability  of  funding  to  the  sub-prime 
automobile industry, together with the availability and resulting purchase cost of the types of vehicles the Company 
purchases for resale. Revenues can also be affected by the macro-economic environment. Down payments, contract 
term lengths and proprietary credit scoring are critical to helping customers succeed and are monitored closely by 
corporate management at the point of sale. After the sale, collections, delinquencies and charge-offs are crucial 
elements of the Company’s evaluation of its financial condition and results of operations and are monitored and 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
reviewed  on  a  continuous  basis.  Management  believes  that  developing  and  maintaining  a  relationship  with  its 
customers and earning their repeat business is critical to the success and growth of the Company and can serve to 
offset the effects of increased competition and negative macro-economic factors. 

The Company focuses on the benefits of excellent customer service and its “local” face-to-face offering in 
an effort to help customers succeed, while continuing to enhance the Company’s digital services and offerings to 
meet growing demands for an online sales experience. The Company, over recent years, has focused on providing 
a good mix of vehicles in various price ranges to increase affordability for customers.  

The  purchase  price  the  Company  pays  for  its  vehicles  can  also  have  a  significant  effect  on  revenues, 
liquidity and capital resources. Because the Company bases its selling price on the purchase cost of the vehicle, 
increases in purchase costs result in increased selling prices. As the selling price increases, it becomes more difficult 
to  keep  the  gross  margin  percentage  and  contract  term  in  line  with  historical  results  because  the  Company’s 
customers have limited incomes and their car payments must remain affordable within their individual budgets. 
Decreases  in  the  overall  volume  of  new  car  sales,  particularly  domestic  brands,  lead  to  decreased  supply  and 
generally increased prices in the used car market. Also, expansions or constrictions in consumer credit, as well as 
general economic conditions, can have an overall effect on the demand and the resulting purchase cost of the types 
of vehicles the Company purchases for resale.  

The COVID-19 global pandemic and the resulting macroeconomic effects have negatively impacted the 
availability and prices of the vehicles the Company purchases. Over the past three years, the reduction in new car 
production and fewer off-lease vehicles have negatively impacted the availability of used vehicle inventory and 
resulted  in  higher  purchase  costs.  The  Company  constantly  reviews  and  adjusts  purchasing  avenues  in  order  to 
obtain an appropriate flow of vehicles. While the Company anticipates that the availability of used vehicles will 
remain  constricted  and  keep  purchase  costs  elevated  in  the  near  future,  any  decline  in  overall  market  pressures 
affecting the availability and costs of used vehicles could result in lower inventory purchase costs and present an 
opportunity for the Company to purchase slightly newer, lower mileage vehicle for its customers.  

The Company consistently focuses on collections. Each dealership is responsible for its own collections 
with supervisory involvement of the corporate office. Over the last five fiscal years, the Company’s credit losses as 
a percentage of sales have ranged from approximately 19.30% in fiscal 2019 to 29.20% in fiscal 2023 (average of 
23.74%). Credit loss results improved substantially in fiscal 2021 due to a lower frequency of losses and lower 
severity of loss amounts relative to the principal balance as the CARES Act enhanced unemployment and stimulus 
funds, combined with the Company’s commitment to working with customers, aided customers’ ability to make 
their  vehicle  payments.  The  improvement  in  credit  losses  as  a  percentage  of  sales  for  fiscal  2021  was  further 
accelerated by the Company’s decision during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 to reduce the allowance for credit 
losses back to 23.55% of finance receivables, net of deferred revenue, which resulted in a $14.2 million pretax 
decrease in the provision for credit losses. The fiscal year 2022 credit losses began to normalize to pre-pandemic 
levels but were still below historical levels despite the increase in the average retail sales price. The fiscal year 2023 
credit  losses  continued  to  normalize  to  pre-pandemic  levels,  partially  driven  by  the  lack  of  federal  stimulus 
payments in the current fiscal year as compared to prior fiscal years due to the expiration of the CARES Act and 
the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, and partially driven by the current macro-economic environment.  
Based on the Company’s current analysis of credit losses, the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of finance 
receivables, net of deferred revenue, increased from 23.57% at April 30, 2022 to 23.91% at April 30, 2023. 

Historically, credit losses, on a percentage basis, tend to be higher at new and developing dealerships than 
at mature dealerships. Generally, this is because the management at new and developing dealerships tends to be less 
experienced in making credit decisions and collecting customer accounts and the customer base is less seasoned. 
Normally more mature dealerships have more repeat customers and, on average, repeat customers are a better credit 
risk than non-repeat customers. Credit losses and charge-offs can also be impacted by market and economic factors, 
including a competitive used vehicle financing environment and macro-economic conditions such as inflation in 
the price of gasoline, groceries and other staple items. Negative macro-economic issues, however, do not always 
lead to higher credit loss results for the Company because the Company provides basic affordable transportation 
which in many cases is not a discretionary expenditure for customers.  

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company continuously looks for ways to operate more efficiently, improve its business practices and 
adjust underwriting and collection procedures. The Company has a proprietary credit scoring system which enables 
the Company to monitor the quality of contracts. Corporate office personnel monitor proprietary credit scores and 
work with dealerships when the distribution of scores falls outside of prescribed thresholds. The Company also uses 
credit reporting and the use of global positioning system (“GPS”) units on vehicles. Additionally, the Company has 
placed significant focus on the collection area as the Company’s training department continues to spend significant 
time and effort on collections improvements. The Company’s vice president of collections oversees the collections 
area and provides timely oversight and additional accountability on a consistent basis. The Company believes that 
the proper execution of its business practices is the single most important determinant of its long-term credit loss 
experience.  

Over  the  last  five  fiscal  years,  the  Company’s  gross  margin  as  a  percentage  of  sales  has  ranged  from 
approximately 40.4% in fiscal 2019 to 33.4% in fiscal 2023 (average of 38.0%). The Company’s gross margin is 
based  upon  the  cost  of  the  vehicle  purchased,  with  lower-priced  vehicles  typically  having  higher  gross  margin 
percentages but lower gross profit dollars, and is also affected by the percentage of wholesale sales to retail sales, 
which relates for the most part to repossessed vehicles sold at or near cost. The gross margin percentage decreased 
in fiscal 2023 to 33.4% from 36.4% in the prior fiscal year, while total gross profit per retail unit sold increased by 
$72, primarily as a result of the Company selling on average a higher priced vehicle in fiscal 2023.  The inflationary 
environment during fiscal 2023 also contributed to the lower gross margin percentage due to increased costs of 
vehicle parts, shop labor rates and transport services.   

Hiring, training and retaining qualified associates is  critical to the Company’s  success. The  Company’s 
ability to add new dealerships and implement operating initiatives is dependent on having a sufficient number of 
trained managers and support personnel. Excessive turnover, particularly at the dealership manager level, could 
impact the Company’s ability to add new dealerships and to meet operational initiatives. The landscape for hiring 
remains very competitive as business activity and workforce participation continue to adjust post-pandemic. The 
Company has continued to add resources to recruit, train, and develop personnel, especially personnel targeted to 
fill dealership manager positions. The Company expects to continue to invest in the development of its workforce.  

Immaterial Corrections to Historical Financial Statements 

Certain historical financial information presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been revised to 
correct immaterial errors in certain amounts reported in the Company’s prior financial statements related to the 
classification of deferred revenue of ancillary products at the time an account is charged off and the calculation for 
allowance  for  credit  losses.  Management  has  concluded  that  these  corrections  did  not  materially  impact  the 
Company’s  operating  results  or  financial  condition  in  any  prior  annual  or  interim  period.  See  Note  N  to  the 
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Operations 
(Operating Statement Dollars in Thousands) 

Years Ended April 30,

2023

2022

2021

% Change

2023
vs.
2022

2022
vs.
2021

As a % of Sales
2022

2021

2023

$ 1,209,279 
196,219 
1,405,498 

$ 1,043,698 
151,853 
1,195,551 

$ 799,129 
110,545 
909,674 

15.9 %
29.2
17.6

30.6 %
37.4 
31.4 

100.0 %
16.2 
116.2 

100.0 %
14.5 
114.5 

100.0 %
13.8 
113.8 

805,873 
176,696 
352,860 
38,312 
5,602 

663,631 
156,130 
238,054 
10,919 
4,033 

361 
1,379,704 

149 
1,072,916 

479,153 
130,855 
153,835 
6,820 
3,719 

(40)
774,342 

21.4 %
13.2 
48.2 
250.9 
38.9 

-
28.6 

38.5 %
19.3 
54.7 
60.1 
8.4 

66.6 
14.6 
29.2 
3.2 
0.5 

63.6 
15.0 
22.8 
1.0 
0.4 

-
38.6 

        -  
114.1 

        -  
102.8 

60.0 
16.4 
19.3 
0.9 
0.5 

-
97.1 

Operating Statement:
Revenues:
  Sales
  Interest and other income
      Total

Costs and expenses:
  Cost of sales, excluding depreciation
    shown below
  Selling, general and administrative
  Provision for credit losses
  Interest expense
  Depreciation and amortization
  Loss (gain) on disposal of property
    and equipment
      Total

      Income before income taxes

$

25,794 

$

122,635 

$ 135,332 

2.1 %

11.8 %

16.9 %

Operating Data (Unaudited):
  Retail units sold
  Average dealerships in operation
  Average units sold per dealership per month
  Average retail sales price
  Gross profit per retail unit sold
  Same store revenue growth
  Receivables average yield

63,584
155
34.2
18,080 
6,344 
16.6%
15.7%

$
$

60,595
152
33.2
16,372 
6,272 
30.0%
15.8%

$
$

56,806
150
31.6
13,464 
5,633 
18.7%
15.9%

$
$

4.9 %
2.0 
3.0 
10.4 
1.1 

6.7 %
1.3 
5.1 
21.6 
11.3 

Fiscal 2023 Compared to Fiscal 2022 

Total revenues increased $209.9 million, or 17.6%, in fiscal 2023, as compared to revenue growth of 31.4% 
in fiscal 2022, principally as a result of (i) revenue growth from dealerships that operated a full twelve months in 
both fiscal years ($196.7 million), and (ii) revenue from stores opened or acquired during or after the year ended 
April 30, 2022 ($15.3 million), partially offset by (iii) decreased revenue from dealerships closed during or after 
the year ended April 30, 2022 ($2.1 million). The increase in revenue for fiscal 2023 is attributable to (i) a 10.4% 
increase in average retail sales price, (ii) a 4.9% increase in retail units sold and (iii) a 29.2% increase in interest 
and other income, due to the $289.2 million increase in average finance receivables.  

Cost of sales, as a percentage of sales, increased to 66.6% compared to 63.6% in fiscal 2022, resulting in a 
decrease in the gross margin percentage to 33.4% of sales in fiscal 2023 from 36.4% of sales in fiscal 2022. On a 
dollar basis, our gross margin per retail unit sold increased by $72 in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022. The 
average retail sales price for fiscal 2023 was $18,080, a $1,708 increase over the prior fiscal year, reflecting the 
high demand for used cars, especially in the market we serve. As purchase costs increase, the margin between the 
purchase  cost  and  the  sales  price  of  the  vehicles  we  sell  generally  narrows  on  a  percentage  basis  because  the 
Company  must  offer  affordable  prices  to  our  customers.  Demand  for  the  vehicles  we  purchase  for  resale  has 
remained high and the supply has continued to be restricted primarily due to lower levels of new car production. 
The  inflationary  environment  during  fiscal  2023  also  contributed  to  the  lower  gross  margin  percentage  due  to 
increased costs of vehicle parts, shop labor rates and transport services.  

Selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of sales decreased to 14.6% in fiscal 2023 
from 15.0% for fiscal 2022. Selling, general and administrative expenses are, for the most part, more fixed in nature. 
During fiscal 2023 we continued investments in inventory procurement, technology and digital areas as well as 
investing in key additions to our leadership team.  In dollar terms, selling, general and administrative expenses 

28 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
increased $20.6 million from fiscal 2022. These investments are expected to be leveraged, creating efficiencies in 
the business allowing us to serve more customers in future years. 

Provision for credit losses as a percentage of sales increased to 29.2% for fiscal 2023 compared to 22.8% 
for fiscal 2022. Net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables increased to 23.3% for fiscal 2023 
compared to 18.3% for the prior year. The stimulus payments during fiscal 2022 had positive impacts on collections 
and net charge-off metrics, while in fiscal 2023, the absence of stimulus payments, added inflationary pressures and 
the  current  macro-economic  environment  had  a  negative  impact  on  collections  and  net  charge-off  metrics.  Net 
charge offs began to normalize to pre-pandemic levels in late fiscal 2022 and continued to normalize during fiscal 
2023.  The  primary  driver  was  an  increased  frequency  of  losses;  however,  the  relative  severity  of  losses  also 
increased. 

Interest expense for fiscal 2023 as a percentage of sales increased to 3.2% in fiscal 2023 from 1.0% in fiscal 
2022. The increase in interest expense is primarily due to the higher interest rates in 2023 as well as the higher 
average borrowings in fiscal 2023 ($568.3 million in fiscal 2023 compared to $331.6 million for fiscal 2022). 71% 
of the increase in interest expense is attributable to the higher interest rates in 2023 and 29% is attributable to the 
increase in borrowings.  

Fiscal 2022 Compared to Fiscal 2021 

Total revenues increased $285.9 million, or 31.4%, in fiscal 2022, as compared to revenue growth of 22.2% 
in fiscal 2021, principally as a result of (i) revenue growth from dealerships that operated a full twelve months in 
both fiscal years ($269.2 million), and (ii) revenue from stores opened or acquired during or after the year ended 
April 30, 2021 ($16.8 million), partially offset by (iii) decreased revenue from dealerships closed during or after 
the  year  ended  April  30,  2021  ($86,000).  The  increase  in  revenue  for  fiscal  2022  is  attributable  to  (i)  a  21.6% 
increase in average retail sales price, (ii) a 6.7% increase in retail units sold and (iii) a 37.4% increase in interest 
and other income. 

Cost  of  sales,  as  a  percentage  of  sales,  increased  slightly  to  63.6%  compared  to  60.0%  in  fiscal  2021, 
resulting in a decrease in the gross margin percentage to 36.4% of sales in fiscal 2022 from 40.0% of sales in fiscal 
2021. On a dollar basis, our gross margin per retail unit sold increased by $639 in fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 
2021.  The  average  retail  sales  price  for  fiscal  2022  was  $16,372,  a  $2,908  increase  over  the  prior  fiscal  year, 
reflecting the high demand for used cars, especially in the market we serve. As purchase costs increase, the margin 
between the purchase cost and the sales price of the vehicles we sell generally narrows on a percentage basis because 
the  Company  must  offer  affordable  prices  to  our  customers.  Demand  for  the  vehicles  we  purchase  for  resale 
remained high during fiscal 2022 and the supply continued to be restricted due to lower repossessions, lower levels 
of new car production and sales and additional demand due to stimulus money.  

Selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of sales decreased to 15.0% in fiscal 2022 
from 16.4% for fiscal 2021. Selling, general and administrative expenses remained, for the most part, more fixed in 
nature.  In  dollar  terms,  overall  selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  increased  $25.3  million  from  fiscal 
2021.  The  increase  was  primarily  focused  on  investments  in  our  associates,  especially  building  our  customer 
experience team and investing in procurement, combined with increased commissions due to higher net income. 

Provision for credit losses as a percentage of sales increased to 22.8% for fiscal 2022 compared to 19.3% 
for fiscal 2021. Net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables increased to 18.3% for fiscal 2022 
compared to 18.0% for the prior year. The stimulus payments during fiscal 2021 had positive impacts on collections 
and  net  charge-off  metrics.  From  a  long-term  historical  perspective,  the  fiscal  2022  net  charge-offs  were  much 
improved and below historical levels despite the increase in the average retail sales price. The frequency of losses 
increased compared to the prior year as credit losses began to normalize to pre-pandemic levels.  

Interest expense as a percentage of sales increased slightly to 1.0% in fiscal 2022 from 0.9% in fiscal 2021. 
The increase in interest expense is primarily due to the higher average borrowings in fiscal 2022 ($333.2 million in 
fiscal 2022 compared to $220.7 million in fiscal 2021).  

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Condition 

The following table sets forth the major balance sheet accounts of the Company at April 30, 2023, 2022 

and 2021 (in thousands): 

Assets:
    Finance receivables, net
    Inventory
    Income taxes receivable, net
    Property and equipment, net(1)

Liabilities:
    Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    Deferred revenue
    Income taxes payable, net
    Deferred income tax liabilities, net
    Non-recourse notes payable, net
    Revolving line of credit, net

2023

April 30, 
2022

2021

$

1,073,764
109,290
9,259
61,682

$

863,674
115,302
            274 
45,412

$

632,270
82,263
 - 
34,719

60,802
120,469
                 - 
39,315
471,367
167,231

52,685
92,491
                 - 
30,449
     395,986 
44,670

49,486
56,810
         150 
21,698
 - 
225,924

(1)  Prepaid expenses and other assets at April 30, 2022, reflects an immaterial reclassification of approximately $6.0 million of capitalized implementation costs 

related to a cloud-computing arrangement previously recorded in Property and equipment, net, and did not impact operating income. 

The following table shows receivables growth compared to revenue growth during each of the past three 
fiscal years. For fiscal year 2023, growth in finance receivables, net of deferred revenue, of 24.2% exceeded revenue 
growth of 17.6%, due primarily to the increases in term lengths of our installment sales contracts as the Company 
strives to keep payments affordable for our customers. The Company anticipates going forward that the growth in 
finance receivables will generally continue to be slightly higher than overall revenue growth on an annual basis due 
to  the  overall  term  length  increases  in  our  installment  sales  contracts  in  recent  years.  The  average  term  for 
installment sales contracts at April 30, 2023 was 46.3 months, compared to 42.9. months for April 30, 2022. 

Years Ended April 30,
2022

2023

2021

Growth in finance receivables, net of deferred
     revenue
Revenue growth

24.2%
17.6%

34.1%
31.4%

28.7%
23.7%

At  fiscal  year-end  2023,  inventory  decreased  5.2%  ($6.0  million),  compared  to  fiscal  year-end  2022, 
primarily  due  to  a  concerted  effort  to  increase  efficiencies  in  our  inventory  operations  resulting  in  annualized 
inventory turns of 7.2 compared to 6.7 for the previous year. The Company strives to improve the quality of the 
inventory and maintain adequate turns while maintaining inventory levels to ensure an adequate supply of vehicles, 
in volume and mix, and to meet sales demand.   

Property and equipment, net, increased by approximately $16.3 million as of April 30, 2023 as compared 
to fiscal 2022. We incurred approximately $22.3 million in expenditures during fiscal year 2023, primarily related 
to new locations, relocations and finalizing our rebranding project. The increase to property and equipment, net, 
was partially offset by depreciation expense of $5.6 million and disposals of approximately $454,000  in furniture 
and equipment.  

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts  payable  and  accrued  liabilities  increased  by  approximately  $8.1  million  at  April  30,  2023  as 
compared  to  April  30,  2022  primarily  due  to  higher  accounts  payable  related  to  increased  inventory  and  sales 
activity.  

Deferred revenue increased $28 million at April 30, 2023 over April 30, 2022, primarily resulting from the 
increase in sales of the accident protection plan and service contract products, as well as the increased terms on the 
service contracts. 

Deferred income tax liabilities, net, increased approximately $8.9 million at April 30, 2023 as compared to 

April 30, 2022, due primarily to the increase in finance receivables, net.  

The  Company  had  $471  million  and  $396  million  of  non-recourse  notes  payable  outstanding  related  to 

asset-backed term funding transactions for the periods ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.   

The Company also maintains a revolving line of credit with a group of lenders with available borrowings 
based on and secured by eligible finance receivables and inventory. Interest under the revolving credit facilities is 
payable monthly at an interest rate determined based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio for the preceding 
fiscal  quarter.  The  current  applicable  interest  rate  under  the  credit  facilities  is  generally  SOFR  plus  2.75%.  
Borrowings  on  the  Company’s  revolving  credit  facilities  fluctuate  primarily  based  upon  a  number  of  factors 
including (i) net income, (ii) finance receivables changes, (iii) income taxes, (iv) capital expenditures, (v) common 
stock repurchases and (vi) other sources of financing, such as our recent issuance  of asset-backed non-recourse 
notes. At April 30, 2023, the Company had $167.2 million in outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit 
facilities. 

Historically, income from continuing operations, as well as borrowings on the revolving credit facilities, 
have funded the Company’s finance receivables growth, capital asset purchases and common stock repurchases. 
During fiscal 2023, the Company primarily utilized the proceeds of its April 2022 and January 2023 asset-backed 
term funding transactions to fund the Company’s current receivables growth.  

In fiscal 2023, the Company had a $172.5 million net increase in total debt, net of cash, used to contribute 
to  the  funding  of  finance  receivables  growth  of  $210.1  million,  net  capital  expenditures  of  $22.3  million  and 
common stock repurchases of $5.2 million. These investments reflect our commitment to providing the necessary 
inventory and facilities to support a growing customer base.  

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources 

The following table sets forth certain historical information with respect to the Company’s Statements of 

Cash Flows (in thousands): 

2023

Years Ended April 30, 
2022

Operating activities:
    Net income
    Provision for credit losses 
    Losses on claims for accident protection plan
    Depreciation and amortization
    Amortization of debt issuance costs
    Stock based compensation
    Deferred income taxes
    Finance receivable originations
    Finance receivable collections 
    Accrued interest on finance receivables
    Inventory
    Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    Deferred accident protection plan revenue
    Deferred service contract revenue
    Income taxes, net
    Other(1)
          Total

Investing activities:
    Purchase of investments
    Purchase of property and equipment(1)
    Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
        Total

Financing activities:
    Debt facilities, net

Non-recourse debt, net
    Change in cash overdrafts
    Purchase of common stock
    Dividend payments
    Exercise of stock options, including 
      tax benefits and issuance of common stock
        Total

$

20,432
352,860
25,107
5,602
5,461
5,314
8,866
(1,161,132)
434,458
(1,188)
133,047
8,621
17,150
24,542
(8,984)

(5,884)
(135,728)

(5,549)

(22,106)
84
(27,571)

(207,696)
400,176
-
(5,196)
(40)

1,502
188,746

$

95,014
238,054
21,871
4,033
775
5,496
8,750
(1,009,858)
417,796
(1,559)
51,057
5,167
21,850
30,645
(424)

$

2021

104,820
153,835
18,954
3,719
391
5,962
7,239
(762,717)
370,254
(269)
5,019
14,766
14,865
14,760
(3,691)

(7,845)
      (119,178)

(1,719)
        (53,812)

       (1,574)
(15,796)
20
(17,350)

                - 
(8,952)
694
(8,258)

(186,037)
399,994
(1,802)
(34,698)
(40)

(1,195)
176,222

9,965
-
1,802
(10,616)
(40)

4,292
5,403

        Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

$

25,447

$

39,694

$

(56,667)

(1)  Prepaid expenses and other assets at April 30, 2022, reflects an immaterial reclassification of approximately $6.0 million of capitalized implementation costs 

related to a cloud-computing arrangement previously recorded in Property and equipment, net, and did not impact operating income. 

The primary drivers of operating profits and cash flows include (i) top line sales (ii) interest income on 
finance receivables, (iii) gross margin percentages on vehicle sales, and (iv) credit losses, a significant portion of 
which relates to the collection of principal on finance receivables. Historically, most of the cash generated from 
operations has been used to fund finance receivables growth, capital expenditures and common stock repurchases. 
To the extent finance receivables growth, common stock repurchases and capital expenditures exceed income from 
operations  we  historically  increased  our  borrowings  under  our  revolving  credit  facilities  and  most  recently  also 
utilized the securitization market. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
      
    
        
           
           
      
             
             
           
    
    
        
      
        
      
      
    
          
          
          
           
      
       
           
         
        
               
           
         
           
               
        
           
           
         
          
           
             
          
       
       
               
                   
          
      
      
        
        
        
        
      
          
          
          
          
         
         
   
   
       
           
           
           
       
         
       
       
           
           
          
             
         
         
           
           
           
       
         
       
         
         
Cash flows from operations in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 decreased primarily as a result of (i) an 
increase in finance receivable originations and (ii) a decrease in deferred revenue, partially offset by an increase in 
(iii) finance receivable collections. Finance receivables, net, increased by $210.1 million during fiscal 2023.  

Cash flows from operations in fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 decreased primarily as a result of (i) an 
increase  in  finance  receivable  originations  and  (ii)  an  increase  in  inventory,  partially  offset  by  increases  in  (iii) 
finance  receivable  collections  and  (iv)  deferred  revenue.  Finance  receivables,  net,  increased  by  $231.4  million 
during fiscal 2022. 

The purchase price the Company pays for a vehicle has a significant effect on liquidity and capital resources. 
Because the Company bases its selling price on the purchase cost for the vehicle, increases in purchase costs result 
in  increased  selling  prices.  As  the  selling  price  increases, it  generally  becomes  more  difficult  to keep  the  gross 
margin percentage and contract term in line with historical results because the Company’s customers have limited 
incomes and their car payments must remain affordable within their individual budgets. Several external factors can 
negatively  affect  the  purchase  cost  of  vehicles.  Decreases  in  the  overall  volume  of  new  car  sales,  particularly 
domestic brands, lead to decreased supply in the used car market. Also, constrictions in consumer credit, as well as 
general economic conditions, can increase overall demand for the types of vehicles the Company purchases for 
resale as used vehicles become more attractive than new vehicles in times of economic instability. A negative shift 
in  used  vehicle  supply,  combined  with  strong  demand,  results  in  increased  used  vehicle  prices  and  thus  higher 
purchase costs for the Company. 

Sustained macro-economic pressures affecting our customers have helped keep demand high in recent years 
for the types of vehicles we purchase. This strong demand, coupled with modest levels of new vehicle sales in recent 
years, have led to a generally ongoing tight supply of used vehicles available to the Company in both quality and 
quantity. Wholesale prices have begun to soften but remain high by historical standards.  The Company expects the 
tight used vehicle supply and strong demand for the types of vehicles we purchase to continue to keep purchase 
costs and resulting sales prices elevated for the short term but anticipates that continuing strong wage increases for 
our customers will cause affordability to improve gradually over the next couple of years.  

The  Company  has  devoted  significant  efforts  to  improving  its  purchasing  processes  to  ensure  adequate 
supply at appropriate prices, including expanding its purchasing territories to larger cities in close proximity to its 
dealerships and forming relationships with reconditioning partners to reduce purchasing costs. The Company has 
also  increased  the  level  of  accountability  for  its  purchasing  agents  including  updates  to  sourcing  and  pricing 
guidelines. The Company continues to build relationships with national vendors that can supply a large quantity of 
high-quality  vehicles.  Even  with  these  efforts,  the  Company  expects  gross  margin  percentages  to  remain  under 
pressure over the near term.   

The  Company’s  liquidity  is  also  impacted  by  our  credit  losses.  Macro-economic  factors  such  as 
unemployment levels and general inflation can significantly affect our collection results and ultimately credit losses. 
Currently, as our customers look to cover rising costs of non-discretionary items, such as groceries and gasoline, it 
may impact their ability to make their car payments. The Company has made improvements to its business processes 
within the last few years to strengthen controls and provide stronger infrastructure to support its collections efforts. 
The Company continues to strive to reduce credit losses in spite of the current economic challenges and continued 
competitive pressures by improving deal structures. Management continues to focus on improved execution at the 
dealership level, specifically as related to working individually with customers concerning collection issues. 

The Company’s collection results, credit losses and liquidity are also affected by the availability of funding 
to the sub-prime auto industry. In recent years, increased competition resulting from the availability of funding to 
the sub-prime auto industry has contributed to the Company reducing down payments and lengthening contract 
terms for our customers, which added negative pressure to our collection percentages and credit losses and increased 
our  need  for  external  sources  of  liquidity.  During  fiscal  years  2022  and  2023,  the  availability  of  credit  to  the 
Company’s  customer  base  was  somewhat  dampened  but  remained  near  recent  historical  levels.  The  Company 
believes that the amount of credit available, even with it tightening in 2023, for the sub-prime auto industry will 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
remain relatively consistent with levels in recent years, which management expects will contribute to continued 
strong overall demand for most, if not all, of the vehicles the Company purchases for resale. 

The Company has generally leased the majority of the properties where its dealerships are located. As of 
April  30,  2023,  the  Company  leased  approximately  79%  of  its  dealership  properties.  At  April  30,  20223  the 
Company  had  $82.2  million  of  operating  lease  commitments,  including  $13.3  million  of  non-cancelable  lease 
commitments under the lease terms, and $68.9 million of lease commitments for renewal periods at the Company’s 
option that are reasonably assured. Of the $82.2 million total lease obligations, $46.5 million of these commitments 
will become due in more than five years. The Company expects to continue to lease the majority of the properties 
where its dealerships are located. 

The  Company’s  revolving  credit  facilities  generally  restrict  distributions  by  the  Company  to  its 
shareholders.  The  distribution  limitations  under  the  credit  facilities  allow  the  Company  to  repurchase  the 
Company’s stock so long as either: (a) the aggregate amount of such repurchases after September 30, 2021 does 
not exceed $50 million, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options, and the total availability under 
the credit facilities is equal to or greater than 20% of the sum of the borrowing bases, in each case after giving effect 
to such repurchases (repurchases under this item are excluded from fixed charges for covenant calculations), or (b) 
the aggregate amount of such repurchases does not exceed 75% of the consolidated net income of the Company 
measured on a trailing twelve month basis; provided that immediately before and after giving effect to the stock 
repurchases, at least 12.5% of the aggregate funds committed under the credit facilities remain available. Thus, 
although the Company does routinely repurchase stock, the Company is limited in its ability to pay dividends or 
make other distributions to its shareholders without the consent of the Company’s lenders.  

At April 30, 2023, the Company had approximately $9.8 million of cash on hand and $121.4 million of 
availability under its revolving credit facilities (see Note F to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8). On 
a short-term basis, the Company’s principal sources of liquidity include income from operations, proceeds from 
non-recourse notes payable issued under asset-back securitization transactions and borrowings under its revolving 
credit facilities. On a longer-term basis, the Company expects its principal sources of liquidity to consist of income 
from  operations,  funding  from  asset-back  securitization  transactions,  and  borrowings  under  revolving  credit 
facilities or fixed interest term loans. The Company’s revolving credit facilities mature in September 2024 and the 
Company expects that it will be able to renew or refinance its revolving credit facilities on or before the date they 
mature. The Company also believes it could raise additional capital through the issuance of additional debt or equity 
securities if necessary or if market conditions are favorable to pursue strategic opportunities.  

The  Company  expects  to  use  cash  from  operations  and  borrowings  to  (i)  grow  its  finance  receivables 
portfolio, (ii) purchase fixed assets of approximately $12 million in the next 12 months as we complete facility 
updates and general fixed asset requirements, (iii) repurchase shares of common stock when favorable conditions 
exist and (iv) reduce debt to the extent excess cash is available. The Company estimates that total interest payments 
on its outstanding debt facilities as of April 30, 2023, are approximately $54.3 million with approximately $34.3 
million in interest payable during fiscal 2024. 

The Company believes it will have adequate liquidity to continue to grow its revenues and to satisfy its 

capital needs for the foreseeable future. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements 

The Company has two standby letters of credit relating to insurance policies totaling $2.9 million at April 

30, 2023.  

Other  than  its  letters  of  credit,  the  Company  is  not  a  party  to  any  off-balance  sheet  arrangement  that 
management believes is reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, 
revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to 
investors.  

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Related Finance Company Contingency 

Car-Mart of Arkansas and Colonial do not meet the affiliation standard for filing consolidated income tax 
returns, and as such they file separate federal and state income tax returns. Car-Mart of Arkansas routinely sells its 
finance  receivables  to  Colonial  at  what  the  Company  believes  to  be  fair  market  value  and  is  able  to  take  a  tax 
deduction at the time of sale for the difference between the tax basis of the receivables sold and the sales price. 
These types of transactions, based upon facts and circumstances, have been permissible under the provisions of the 
Internal  Revenue  Code  as  described  in  the  Treasury  Regulations.  For  financial  accounting  purposes,  these 
transactions are eliminated in consolidation and a deferred income tax liability has been recorded for this timing 
difference. The sale of finance receivables from Car-Mart of Arkansas to Colonial provides certain legal protection 
for the Company’s finance receivables and, principally because of certain state apportionment characteristics of 
Colonial,  also  has  the  effect  of  reducing  the  Company’s  overall  effective  state  income  tax  rate.  The  actual 
interpretation of the Regulations is in part a facts and circumstances matter. The Company believes it satisfies the 
material provisions of the Regulations. Failure to satisfy those provisions could result in the loss of a tax deduction 
at the time the receivables are sold and have the effect of increasing the Company’s overall effective income tax 
rate as well as the timing of required tax payments. 

The  Company’s  policy  is  to  recognize  accrued  interest  related  to  unrecognized  tax  benefits  in  interest 
expense and penalties in operating expenses. The Company had no accrued penalties or interest as of April 30, 
2023. 

Critical Accounting Estimates 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the 
United States of America requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions in determining the reported 
amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities  at  the  date  of  the  financial 
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could 
differ from the Company’s estimates. The Company believes the most significant estimate made in the preparation 
of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 relates to the determination of its allowance for credit losses, 
which is discussed below. The Company’s accounting policies are discussed in Note B to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements in Item 8. 

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on an aggregate basis at a level it considers sufficient 
to cover estimated losses expected to be incurred on the portfolio at the measurement date in the collection of its 
finance receivables currently outstanding. At April 30, 2023, the weighted average contract term was 46.3 months 
with 36.3 months remaining. The allowance for credit losses at April 30, 2023 of $299.6 million, was 23.91% of 
the principal balance in finance receivables of $1.4 billion, less unearned accident protection plan revenue of $53.1 
million and unearned service contract revenue of $67.4 million. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company 
increased the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of finance receivables from 23.57% to 23.91%. 

The  allowance  for  credit  losses  represents  the  Company’s  expectation  of  future  net  charge-offs  at  the 
measurement date. The allowance takes into account quantitative and qualitative factors such as historical credit 
loss  experience,  with  consideration  given  to  changes  in  contract  characteristics  (i.e.,  average  amount  financed, 
greater  than  30  day  delinquencies,  term,  and  interest  rates),  credit  quality  trends,  collateral  values,  current  and 
forecasted  inflationary  economic  conditions,  underwriting  and  collection  practices,  concentration  risk,  credit 
review, and other external factors. The allowance for credit losses is reviewed at least quarterly by management 
with any changes reflected in current operations.  

The calculation of the allowance for credit losses uses the following primary factors: 

  The  probability  of  default  (“PD”)  or  the  number  of  units  repossessed  or  charged-off  divided  by  the 
number of units financed over the last five fiscal years (based on increments of 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years). 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Loss given at default (“LGD”) or the average net repossession and charge-off loss per unit during the last 
18 months, segregated by the number of months since the contract origination date, and adjusted for the 
expected average net charge-off per unit.    

  The timing of repossession and charge-off loss relative to the date of sale (i.e., how long it takes for a 
repossession  or  charge-off  to  occur)  for  repossessions  and  charge-offs  occurring  during  the  last  18 
months. The average number of months since the loan origination date, to charge off, over the last 18 
months, is 12.3 months. 

An adjustment is incorporated in calculating the adjusted historical average remaining net loss per unit, for 
loans  originated  in  the  past  12  months  to  account  for  asset-specific  adjustments,  which  include  financing  term, 
amount financed, credit quality trends and delinquencies.  

A historical loss rate is produced by this analysis, which is then adjusted by qualitative factors and to reflect 
current and forecasted inflationary economic conditions over the Company’s reasonable and supportable forecast 
of period of one year.   

The  Company  considers  qualitative  macro-economic  factors  that  would  affect  its  customers’  non-
discretionary  income,  such  as  changes  in  inflation,  which  impact  gasoline  prices  and  prices  for  staple  items,  to 
develop reasonable and supportable forecasts for the lifetime expected losses. These economic forecasts are utilized 
alongside historical loss information in order to estimate expected losses in the portfolio over the following 12-
month period, at which point the Company will immediately revert to the point estimate produced by the Company’s 
analysis of historical loss information to estimate expected losses from the portfolio for the remaining contractual 
lives of its finance receivables. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

Occasionally, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board 
(“FASB”) or other standard setting bodies which the Company will adopt as of the specified effective date. Unless 
otherwise  discussed,  the  Company  believes  the  implementation  of  recently  issued  standards  which  are  not  yet 
effective will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption. 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted 

In March 2022, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (ASU 2022-02) related to troubled debt 
restructurings (“TDRs”) and vintage disclosures for financing receivables. The amendments in this update eliminate 
the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing 
and restructurings by creditors made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The amendments also require 
disclosure of current period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables. The amendments in 
this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those 
fiscal years. We plan to adopt this pronouncement and make the necessary updates to our vintage disclosures for 
the interim period beginning May 1, 2023, and aside from these disclosure changes. 

Non-GAAP Financial Measure 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains financial information determined  by methods other than in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). We present an adjusted debt to equity ratio, a 
non-GAAP financial measure, as a supplemental measure of our financial condition. The adjusted debt to equity 
ratio is defined as the ratio of total debt, net of cash, to total equity. We believe the debt, net of cash, to equity ratio 
is a useful measure to monitor leverage and evaluate balance sheet risk. This measure should not be considered in 
isolation  or  as  a  substitute  for  reported  GAAP  results  because  it  excludes  certain  items  as  compared  to  similar 
GAAP-based measures, and such measure may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures reported by other 
companies. We strongly encourage investors to review our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K in their entirety and not rely solely on anyone, single financial measure.  The reconciliation 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
between the Company’s debt to equity ratio and debt, net of cash, to equity ratio for fiscal year ending April 30, 
2023, is summarized in the table below. 

April 30, 2023

Debt to Equity
Cash to Equity
Debt, net of Cash, to Equity

1.28
0.14
1.14

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 

The  Company  is  exposed  to  market  risk  on  its  financial  instruments  from  changes  in  interest  rates.  In 
particular, the Company has historically had exposure to changes in the federal primary credit rate and has exposure 
to  changes  in  the  prime  interest  rate  of  its  lender.  The  Company  does  not  use  financial  instruments  for  trading 
purposes but has in the past entered into an interest rate swap agreement to manage interest rate risk.  

Interest  rate  risk.   The  Company’s  exposure  to  changes  in  interest  rates  relates  primarily  to  its  debt 
obligations. The Company is exposed to changes in interest rates as a result of its revolving credit facilities, and the 
interest rates charged to the Company under its credit facilities fluctuate based on its primary lender’s base rate of 
interest. The Company had an outstanding balance on its revolving line of credit of $167.2 million at April 30, 
2023. The impact of a 1% increase in interest rates on this amount of debt would result in increased annual interest 
expense of approximately $1.7 million and a corresponding decrease in net income before income tax.  

The  Company’s  earnings  are  impacted  by  its  net  interest  income,  which  is  the  difference  between  the 
income earned on interest-bearing assets and the interest paid on interest-bearing notes payable. The Company’s 
finance  receivables  carry  a  fixed  annual  interest  rate  of  16.5%  (prior  to  December  2022)  to  18.0%  (effective 
December  2022)  for  all  states  except  Arkansas  (which  is  subject  to  a  usury  cap  of  17%)  and  Illinois  (where 
dealerships originate at 19.5% to 21.5%), based on the Company’s contract interest rate as of the contract origination 
date, while its revolving credit facilities contain variable interest rates that fluctuate with market interest rates. 

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 

The following financial statements and accountant’s report are included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on 

Form 10-K: 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID Number 248) 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 30, 2023 and 2022 

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 

Consolidated Statements of Equity for the years ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                     
         
         
         
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

Board of Directors and Shareholders 
America’s Car-Mart, Inc. 

Opinion on the financial statements  
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of America’s Car-Mart, Inc. (a Texas corporation) 
and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of April 30, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, 
cash  flows,  and  equity  for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  April  30,  2023,  and  the  related  notes 
(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all 
material  respects,  the  financial  position  of  the  Company  as  of  April  30,  2023  and  2022,  and  the  results  of  its 
operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2023, in conformity with 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2023, based on criteria 
established  in  the  2013  Internal  Control—Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (“COSO”),  and  our  report  dated  June  26,  2023  expressed  an 
unqualified opinion.  

Basis for opinion  
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express 
an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered 
with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to  the Company in accordance with the U.S. 
federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and 
the PCAOB.  

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan 
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material 
misstatement,  whether  due  to  error  or  fraud.  Our  audits  included  performing  procedures  to  assess  the  risks  of 
material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that 
respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and 
disclosures  in  the  financial  statements.  Our  audits  also  included  evaluating  the  accounting  principles  used  and 
significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  presentation  of  the  financial 
statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

Critical audit matter 
The  critical  audit  matter  communicated  below  is  a  matter  arising  from  the  current  period  audit  of  the  financial 
statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to 
accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, 
subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion 
on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, 
providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.  

Allowance for credit losses 
As described further in Notes B and C to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recorded an allowance 
for credit losses of $299.6 million on finance receivables of $1.4 billion as of April 30, 2023. Management estimates 
the allowance for credit losses on finance receivables by applying a loss-rate method using historical credit loss 
experience (both timing and severity of losses) and collateral values. The estimate is adjusted for current conditions 
which include factors such as adjustments for changes in customer credit deterioration and customer delinquency 
rates.  The  estimate  is  further  adjusted  for  reasonable  and  supportable  forecasts  for  the  expected  effects  of 
macroeconomic factors, such as the effects of current and forecasted inflation. We identified the allowance for credit 
losses as a critical audit matter. 

The principal considerations for our determination that the allowance for credit losses is a critical audit matter are 
the  significant  judgments  made  by  management  in  adjusting  the  historical  loss  experience  to  reflect  current 
conditions and the selection and measurement of factors to account for the reasonable and supportable forecast 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
period. Evaluating management’s conclusions involved a high degree of auditor judgment in performing our audit 
procedures.  

Our audit procedures related to the allowance for credit losses included the following, among others:  

• 

• 

We tested the design and operating effectiveness of management’s review control over the allowance 
for  credit  losses,  which  included  the  selection  and  measurement  of  adjustments  related  to  customer 
credit  deterioration,  customer  delinquency  rates  as  well  as  the  expected  effects  from  current  and 
forecasted inflation, on the allowance for credit losses.  
We tested management’s process for determining the allowance for credit losses, which included the 
selection  and  measurement  of  adjustments  related  to  customer  credit  deterioration,  customer 
delinquency rates as well as the expected effects from current and forecasted inflation on the allowance 
for credit losses. 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1999. 

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP 

Tulsa, Oklahoma 
June 26, 2023 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets 
America’s Car-Mart, Inc. 
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts) 

Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash 
Accrued interest on finance receivables
Finance receivables, net
Inventory
Income taxes receivable, net
Prepaid expenses and other assets
Right-of-use asset
Goodwill
Property and equipment, net

April 30, 2023

April 30, 2022

$

9,796
58,238
6,115
1,073,764
109,290
9,259
21,429
59,142
11,716
61,682

$

6,916
35,671
4,926
863,674
115,302
274
15,070
58,828
8,623
45,412

Total Assets

$

1,420,431

$

1,154,696

Liabilities, mezzanine equity and equity:

Liabilities:

Accounts payable 
Deferred accident protection plan revenue
Deferred service contract revenue
Accrued liabilities
Deferred income tax liabilities, net
Lease liability
Non-recourse notes payable, net
Revolving line of credit, net

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (Note L)

Mezzanine equity:

Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock

Equity:

Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, 1,000,000 shares authorized;

none issued or outstanding

Common stock, par value $.01 per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized;

13,701,468 and 13,642,185 issued at April 30, 2023 and April 30, 2022, 
respectively, of which 6,373,404 and 6,371,977 were outstanding at 
April 30, 2023 and April 30, 2022, respectively

Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Less:  Treasury stock, at cost, 7,328,064 and 7,270,208

shares at April 30, 2023 and April 30, 2022, respectively
Total stockholders' equity

Non-controlling interest

Total equity

$

27,196
53,065
67,404
33,606
39,315
62,300
471,367
167,231
921,484

400

-

137
109,929
685,802

(297,421)
498,447
100
498,547

$

20,055
43,936
48,555
32,630
30,449
61,481
395,986
44,670
677,762

400

-

136
103,113
665,410

(292,225)
476,434
100
476,534

Total Liabilities, mezzanine equity and equity

$

1,420,431

$

1,154,696

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
                
           
           
         
Consolidated Statements of Operations 
America’s Car-Mart, Inc. 
(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

2023

Years Ended April 30, 
2022

2021

Revenues:
Sales
Interest and other income

Total revenues

Costs and expenses:

Cost of sales, excluding depreciation
Selling, general and administrative 
Provision for credit losses
Interest expense
Depreciation and amortization
Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment

Total costs and expenses

Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes

Net income

Less:  Dividends on mandatorily redeemable 

preferred stock

Net income attributable to common stockholders

Earnings per share:
Basic
Diluted

799,129
110,545

909,674

479,153
130,855
153,835
6,820
3,719
(40)
774,342

$

1,209,279
196,219

$

1,043,698
151,853

$

1,405,498

1,195,551

805,873
176,696
352,860
38,312
5,602
361
1,379,704

25,794

5,362

20,432

40

20,392

3.20
3.11

$

$

$
$

663,631
156,130
238,054
10,919
4,033
149
1,072,916

122,635

135,332

27,621

30,512

95,014

$

104,820

40

94,974

14.59
13.92

$

$
$

40

104,780

15.81
15.05

$

$
$

Weighted average number of shares outstanding:

Basic
Diluted

6,371,229
6,566,896

6,509,673
6,823,481

6,628,749
6,961,575

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
         
       
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
America’s Car-Mart, Inc. 
(In thousands) 

Operating activities:
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses
Losses on claims for accident protection plan
Depreciation and amortization
Amortization of debt issuance costs
Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment
Stock-based compensation
Deferred income taxes
Change in operating assets and liabilities:

Finance receivable originations
Finance receivable collections
Accrued interest on finance receivables
Inventory
Prepaid expenses and other assets
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Deferred accident protection plan revenue
Deferred service contract revenue
Income taxes, net

Net cash used in operating activities

Investing Activities:

Purchase of investments
Purchases of property and equipment
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
Net cash used in investing activities

Financing Activities:

Exercise of stock options
Issuance of common stock
Purchase of common stock
Dividend payments
Debt issuance costs
Change in cash overdrafts
Issuances of non-recourse notes payable
Principal payments on notes payable
Proceeds from revolving credit facilities
Payments on revolving credit facilities

Net cash provided by financing activities

Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash beginning of period

2023

Years Ended April 30, 
2022

$

20,432

$

95,014

$

352,860
25,107
5,602
5,461
361
5,314
8,866

(1,161,132)
434,458
(1,188)
133,047
(6,245)
8,621
17,150
24,542
(8,984)
(135,728)

(5,549)
(22,106)
84
(27,571)

1,216
286
(5,196)
(40)
(2,263)
-
400,176
(327,276)
524,531
(402,688)
188,746

25,447
42,587

238,054
21,871
4,033
775
149
5,496
8,750

(1,009,858)
417,796
(1,559)
51,057
(7,994)
5,167
21,850
30,645
(424)
(119,178)

(1,574)
(15,796)
20
(17,350)

(1,488)
293
(34,698)
(40)
(6,108)
(1,802)
399,994
-
331,113
(511,042)
176,222

39,694
2,893

2021
104,820

153,835
18,954
3,719
391
(40)
5,962
7,239

(762,717)
370,254
(269)
5,019
(1,679)
14,766
14,865
14,760
(3,691)
(53,812)

-
(8,952)
694
(8,258)

4,034
258
(10,616)
(40)
(282)
1,802
-
(524)
73,337
(62,566)
5,403

(56,667)
59,560

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash end of period

$

68,034

$

42,587

$

2,893

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
           
         
         
         
         
           
           
           
             
             
             
             
                
                
                
                
                 
             
             
             
             
             
             
     
     
        
         
         
         
            
            
               
         
           
             
            
            
            
             
             
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
            
               
            
        
        
          
            
            
                     
          
          
            
                  
                  
                
          
          
            
             
            
             
                
                
                
            
          
          
                 
                 
                 
            
            
               
                     
            
             
         
         
                     
        
                     
               
         
         
           
        
        
          
         
         
             
           
           
          
           
             
           
           
           
             
Consolidated Statements of Equity 
America’s Car-Mart, Inc. 
(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts) 

For the Years Ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 

  Common Stock

Shares

Amount

Additional
Paid-In
Capital

Retained
Earnings

Treasury
Stock

Non-
Controlling
Interest

Total
Equity

Balance at April 30, 2020

13,478,733

$

135  $

88,559 

$

465,656 

$ (246,911)

$

100  $

307,539 

Issuance of common stock
Stock options exercised
Purchase of 106,590 treasury shares
Stock based compensation
Dividends on subsidiary preferred stock
Net income
Balance at April 30, 2021

2,921
110,235
-
-
-
-
13,591,889

$

-
1 
-
-
-
-
136  $

258 
4,033 
-
5,962 
-
-
98,812 

293 
(1,488)
-
5,496 
-
-

-
-
-
-
(40)
104,820 
570,436 

-
-
(10,616)
-
-
-
$ (257,527)

$

$

-
-
-
-
(40)
95,014 

-
-
(34,698)
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
100  $

258 
       4,034 
(10,616)
5,962 
           (40)
104,820 
411,957 

-
-
-
-
-
-

          293 
(1,488)
(34,698)
5,496 
(40)
95,014 

9,721
40,575
-
-
-
-

-

-
-
-
-

13,642,185

$

136  $

103,113 

$

665,410 

$ (292,225)

$

100  $

476,534 

33,867
25,416
-
-
-
-

-
1 
-
-
-
-

286 
1,216 
-
5,314 
-
-

-
-
-
-
(40)
20,432 

-
-
(5,196)
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-

          286 
1,217 
(5,196)
5,314 
(40)
20,432 

Issuance of common stock
Stock options exercised
Purchase of 304,204 treasury shares
Stock based compensation
Dividends on subsidiary preferred stock
Net income
Balance at April 30, 2022

Issuance of common stock
Stock options exercised
Purchase of 57,856 treasury shares
Stock based compensation
Dividends on subsidiary preferred stock
Net income

Balance at April 30, 2023

13,701,468

$

137  $

109,929 

$

685,802 

$ (297,421)

$

100  $

498,547 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
America’s Car-Mart, Inc. 

A - Organization and Business 

America’s  Car-Mart,  Inc.,  a  Texas  corporation  (the  “Company”),  is  one  of  the  largest  publicly  held 
automotive retailers in the United States focused exclusively on the “Integrated Auto Sales and Finance” segment 
of the used car market. References to the Company typically include the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries. The 
Company’s operations are conducted principally through its two operating subsidiaries, America’s Car Mart, Inc., 
an  Arkansas  corporation  (“Car-Mart  of  Arkansas”),  and  Colonial  Auto  Finance,  Inc.,  an  Arkansas  corporation 
(“Colonial”). Collectively, Car-Mart of Arkansas and Colonial are referred to herein as “Car-Mart”. The Company 
primarily sells older model used vehicles and provides financing for substantially all of its customers. Many of the 
Company’s customers have limited financial resources and would not qualify for conventional financing as a result 
of limited credit histories or past credit difficulties. As of April 30, 2023, the Company operated 156 dealerships 
located primarily in small cities throughout the South-Central United States. 

B - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

Principles of Consolidation 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of America’s Car-Mart, Inc. and its subsidiaries. 

All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. 

Segment Information 

Each  dealership  is  an  operating  segment  with  its  results  regularly  reviewed  by  the  Company’s  chief 
operating decision maker in an effort to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and to assess 
its  performance.  Individual  dealerships  meet  the  aggregation  criteria  for  reporting  purposes  under  the  current 
accounting guidance. The Company operates in the Integrated Auto Sales and Finance segment of the used car 
market, also referred to as the Integrated Auto Sales and Finance industry. In this industry, the nature of the sale 
and the financing of the transaction, financing processes, the type of customer and the methods used to distribute 
the  Company’s  products  and  services,  including  the  actual  servicing  of  the  contracts  as  well  as  the  regulatory 
environment in which the Company operates, all have similar characteristics. Each individual dealership is similar 
in nature and only engages in the selling and financing of used vehicles. All individual dealerships have similar 
operating characteristics. As such, individual dealerships have been aggregated into one reportable segment. 

Use of Estimates 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts 
of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and 
the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 
Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, the Company’s allowance for credit losses. 

Concentration of Risk 

The Company provides financing in connection with the sale of substantially all of its vehicles. These sales 
are made primarily to customers residing in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, 
Oklahoma,  Tennessee,  and  Texas,  with  approximately  28.0%  of  revenues  resulting  from  sales  to  Arkansas 
customers.  

As  of  April  30,  2023,  and  periodically  throughout  the  year,  the  Company  maintained  cash  in  financial 
institutions in excess of the amounts insured by the federal government. The cash is held in several highly rated 
banking institutions. The Company regularly monitors its counterparty credit risk and mitigates exposure by limiting 
the amount it invests in one institution.  

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restrictions on Distributions/Dividends 

The  Company’s  revolving  credit  facilities  generally  restrict  distributions  by  the  Company  to  its 
shareholders.  The  distribution  limitations  under  the  credit  facilities  allow  the  Company  to  repurchase  the 
Company’s stock so long as either: (a) the aggregate amount of such repurchases after September 30, 2021 does 
not exceed $50 million, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options, and the total availability under 
the credit facilities is equal to or greater than 20% of the sum of the borrowing bases, in each case after giving effect 
to such repurchases (repurchases under this item are excluded from fixed charges for covenant calculations), or (b) 
the aggregate amount of such repurchases does not exceed 75% of the consolidated net income of the Company 
measured on a trailing twelve month basis; provided that immediately before and after giving effect to the stock 
repurchases, at least 12.5% of the aggregate funds committed under the credit facilities remain available. Thus, 
although the Company does routinely repurchase stock, the Company is limited in its ability to pay dividends or 
make other distributions to its shareholders without the consent of the Company’s lenders. 

Cash Equivalents 

The  Company  considers  all  highly  liquid  debt  instruments  purchased  with  original  maturities  of  three 

months or less to be cash equivalents.  

Restricted Cash  

Restricted cash is related to the financing and securitization transaction discussed below and are held by 

the securitization trusts. 

Restricted cash from collections on auto finance receivables includes collections of principal, interest, and 
fee payments on auto finance receivables that are restricted for payment to holders of non-recourse notes payable 
pursuant to the applicable agreements. 

The restricted cash on deposit in reserve accounts is for the benefit of holders of non-recourse notes payable 
and these funds are not expected to be available to the Company or its creditors. If the cash generated by the related 
receivables in a given period was insufficient to pay the interest, principal, and other required payments, the balances 
on deposit in the reserve accounts would be used to pay those amounts. 

Restricted cash consists of the following for the years ending April 30, 2023 and April 30, 2022: 

(In thousands)

April 30, 2023

April 30, 2022

Restricted cash from collections on auto finance receivables
Restricted cash on deposit in reserve accounts

Restricted Cash

Financing and Securitization Transactions 

$

$

34,442 
23,796 

58,238 

$

$

24,242 
11,429 

35,671 

The Company utilizes term securitizations to provide long-term funding for a portion of the auto finance 
receivables initially funded through the debt facilities. In these transactions, a pool of auto finance receivables is 
sold to a special purpose entity that, in turn, transfers the receivables to a special purpose securitization trust. The 
securitization trust issues asset-backed securities, secured or otherwise supported by the transferred receivables, and 
the proceeds from the sale of the asset-backed securities are used to finance the securitized receivables.  

The Company is required to evaluate term securitization trusts for consolidation. In the Company’s role as 
servicer, it has the power to direct the activities of the trust that most significantly impact the economic performance 
of the trust. In addition, the obligation to absorb losses (subject to limitations) and the rights to receive any returns 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
of the trust, remain with the Company. Accordingly, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the trusts and is 
required to consolidate them. 

The  Company  recognizes  transfers  of  auto  finance  receivables  into  the  term  securitization  as  secured 
borrowings, which result in recording the auto finance receivables and the related non-recourse notes payable on 
our consolidated balance sheet. These auto finance receivables can only be used as collateral to settle obligations 
of the related non-recourse notes payable. The term securitization investors have no recourse to the Company’s 
assets beyond the related auto finance receivables, the amounts on deposit in the reserve account, and the restricted 
cash from collections on auto finance receivables. See Notes C and F for additional information on auto finance 
receivables and non-recourse notes payable. 

Finance Receivables, Repossessions and Charge-offs and Allowance for Credit Losses 

The Company originates installment sale contracts from the sale of used vehicles at its dealerships. These 
installment sale contracts carry a weighted average interest rate of approximately 16.7% using the simple effective 
interest method including any deferred fees. In December 2022, the Company changed the interest rate on new 
originations of installment sale contracts to 18% (from 16.5%) in all states in which it operates, except for Arkansas 
(remains at 16.5%) and Illinois (19.5% – 21.5%). Contract origination costs are not significant. The installment sale 
contracts are not pre-computed contracts whereby borrowers are obligated to pay back principal plus the full amount 
of interest that will accrue over the entire term of the contract. Finance receivables are collateralized by vehicles 
sold and consist of contractually scheduled payments from installment contracts net of unearned finance charges 
and  an  allowance  for  credit  losses.  Unearned  finance  charges  represent  the  balance  of  interest  receivable  to  be 
earned over the entire term of the related installment contract, less the earned amount ($6.1 million at April 30, 
2023 and $4.9 million at April 30, 2022 on the Consolidated Balance Sheets), and as such, have been reflected as a 
reduction to the gross contract amount in arriving at the principal balance in finance receivables.  

An account is considered delinquent when the customer is one day or more behind on their contractual 
payments. While the Company does not formally place contracts on nonaccrual status, the immaterial amount of 
interest that may accrue after an account becomes delinquent up until the point of resolution via repossession or 
write-off, is reserved for against the accrued interest on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Delinquent contracts are 
addressed and either made current by the customer, which is the case in most situations, or the vehicle is repossessed 
or written off if the collateral cannot be recovered quickly. Customer payments are set to match their payday with 
approximately 79% of payments due on either a weekly or bi-weekly basis. The frequency of the payment due dates 
combined with the general decline in the value of the collateral lead to prompt resolutions on problem accounts. At 
April 30, 2023, 3.6% of the Company’s finance receivables balances were 30 days or more past due compared to 
3.0% at April 30, 2022.  

Substantially  all  of  the  Company’s  automobile  contracts  involve  contracts  made  to  individuals  with 
impaired or limited credit histories, or higher debt-to-income ratios than permitted by traditional lenders. Contracts 
made with buyers who are restricted in their ability to obtain financing from traditional lenders generally entail a 
higher risk of delinquency, default and repossession, and higher losses than contracts made with buyers with better 
credit. At the time of originating a finance agreement, the Company requires customers to meet certain criteria that 
demonstrate their intent and ability to pay for the financed principal and interest on the vehicle they are purchasing. 
However, the Company recognizes that their customer base is at a higher risk of default given their impaired or 
limited credit histories.  

The Company strives to keep its delinquency percentages low, and not to repossess vehicles. Accounts one 
to  three  days  late  are  contacted  by  telephone  or  text  messaging  notifications.  Notes  from  each  contact  are 
electronically  maintained  in  the  Company’s  computer  system.  The  Company  also  utilizes  text  messaging 
notifications that allows customers the option to receive due date reminders and late notifications, if applicable. The 
Company  attempts  to  resolve  payment  delinquencies  amicably  prior  to  repossessing  a  vehicle.  If  a  customer 
becomes severely delinquent in his or her payments, and management determines that timely collection of future 
payments is not probable, the Company will take steps to repossess the vehicle. 

46 

 
 
 
Periodically, the Company enters into contract modifications with its customers to extend or modify the 
payment terms. The Company only enters into a contract modification or extension if it believes such action will 
increase the amount of money the Company will ultimately realize on the customer’s account and will increase the 
likelihood of the customer being able to pay off the vehicle contract. At the time of modification, the Company 
expects to collect amounts due including accrued interest at the contractual interest rate for the period of delay. No 
other concessions are granted to customers, beyond the extension of additional time, at the time of modifications. 
Modifications  are  minor  and  are  made  for  payday  changes,  minor  vehicle  repairs  and  other  reasons.  For  those 
vehicles that are repossessed, the majority are returned or surrendered by the customer on a voluntary basis. Other 
repossessions are performed by Company personnel or third-party repossession agents. Depending on the condition 
of a repossessed vehicle, it is either resold on a retail basis through a Company dealership or sold for cash on a 
wholesale basis primarily through physical or online auctions. 

The  Company  takes  steps  to  repossess  a  vehicle  when  the  customer  becomes  delinquent  in  his  or  her 
payments  and  management  determines  that  timely  collection  of  future  payments  is  not  probable.  Accounts  are 
charged-off  after  the  expiration  of  a  statutory  notice  period  for  repossessed  accounts,  or  when  management 
determines that the timely collection of future payments is not probable for accounts where the Company has been 
unable to repossess the vehicle. For accounts with respect to which the vehicle was repossessed, the fair value of 
the repossessed vehicle is charged as a reduction of the gross finance receivables balance charged-off. On average, 
accounts are approximately 69 days past due at the time of charge-off. For previously charged-off accounts that are 
subsequently recovered, the amount of such recovery is credited to the allowance for credit losses.  

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on an aggregate basis at an amount it considers 
sufficient to cover losses expected to be incurred on the portfolio at the measurement date. The Company accrues 
an  estimated  loss  for  the  amount  it  believes  will  not  be  collected.  The  allowance  for  credit  losses  represents 
management’s best estimate of lifetime expected losses based on reasonable and supportable forecasts, historical 
credit  loss  experience  and    qualitative  considerations,  such  as  changes  in  contract  characteristics  (i.e.,  average 
amount  financed,  greater  than  30  +  day  delinquencies,  term,  and  interest  rates),  credit  quality  trends,  collateral 
values,  current  and  forecasted  inflationary  economic  conditions,    underwriting  and  collection  practices, 
concentration risk, credit review, and other external trends. The allowance for credit losses is periodically reviewed 
by  management  with  any  changes  reflected  in  current  operations.    The  Company  believes  that  it  has  given 
appropriate consideration to all relevant factors and has made reasonable assumptions in determining the allowance 
for credit losses.  

 The calculation of the allowance for credit losses uses the following primary factors: 

  The  probability  of  default  (“PD”)  or  the  number  of  units  repossessed  or  charged-off  divided  by  the 
number of units financed over the last five fiscal years (based increments of 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years). 

  Loss given at default (“LGD”) or the average net repossession and charge-off loss per unit during the last 
18 months, segregated by the number of months since the contract origination date, and adjusted for the 
expected average net charge-off per unit.    

  The timing of repossession and charge-off loss relative to the date of sale (i.e., how long it takes for a 
repossession  or  charge-off  to  occur)  for  repossessions  and  charge-offs  occurring  during  the  last  18 
months. The average number of months since the loan origination date, to charge off, over the last 18 
months, is 12.3 months. 

An adjustment is incorporated in calculating the adjusted historical average remaining net loss per unit, for 
loans  originated  in  the  past  12  months  to  account  for  asset-specific  adjustments,  which  include  financing  term, 
amount financed, credit quality trends and delinquencies.  

A historical loss rate is produced by this analysis which is then adjusted by qualitative factors and to reflect 
current and forecasted inflationary economic conditions over the Company’s reasonable and supportable forecast 
period of one-year.   

47 

 
 
 
 
 
The  Company  considers  qualitative  macro-economic  factors  that  would  affect  its  customers  non-
discretionary  income,  such  as  changes  in  inflation,  which  impact  gasoline  prices  and  prices  for  staple  items,  to 
develop reasonable and supportable forecasts for the lifetime expected losses. These economic forecasts are utilized 
alongside historical loss information in order to estimate expected losses in the portfolio over the following twelve-
month period, at which point the Company will immediately revert to the point estimate produced by the Company’s 
analysis of historical loss information to estimate expected losses from the portfolio for the remaining contractual 
lives of its finance receivables. 

In most states, the Company offers retail customers who finance their vehicle the option of purchasing an 
accident protection plan product as an add-on to the installment sale contract. This product contractually obligates 
the Company to cancel the remaining principal outstanding for any contract where the retail customer has totaled 
the  vehicle,  as  defined  by  the  product,  or  the  vehicle  has  been  stolen.  The  Company  periodically  evaluates 
anticipated  losses  to  ensure  that  if  anticipated  losses  exceed  deferred  accident  protection  plan  revenues,  an 
additional liability is recorded for such a difference. At April 30, 2023, anticipated losses did not exceed deferred 
accident protection plan revenues. No such liability was required at April 30, 2023 or 2022. 

Inventory 

Inventory consists of used vehicles and is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a specific 
identification basis. Vehicle reconditioning costs are capitalized as a component of inventory. Repossessed vehicles 
and trade-in vehicles are recorded at fair value, which approximates wholesale value. The cost of used vehicles sold 
is determined using the specific identification method. 

Goodwill  

Goodwill  reflects  the  excess  of  purchase  price  over  the  fair  value  of  specifically  identified  net  assets 
purchased.  Goodwill  and  intangible  assets  deemed  to  have  indefinite  lives  are  not  amortized  but  are  subject  to 
qualitative annual impairment tests at the Company’s year-end. The impairment tests are based on the comparison 
of the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying value of such unit. The implied goodwill is compared to the 
carrying value of the goodwill to determine the impairment, if any. There was no impairment of goodwill during 
fiscal 2023 or fiscal 2022. 

The Company had $11.7 million and $8.6 million of goodwill for the periods ended April 30, 2023 and 
2022, respectively. The increase of $3.1 million during the year ended April 30, 2023 was primarily due to the 
acquisition of ongoing dealership assets during the current year and changes in the assessment of the fair value of 
previous acquisitions. 

Property and Equipment 

Property  and  equipment  are  stated  at  cost.  Expenditures  for  additions,  remodels  and  improvements  are 
capitalized.  Costs of repairs and maintenance are  expensed as incurred. Leasehold improvements are amortized 
over the shorter of the estimated life of the improvement or the lease period. The lease period includes the primary 
lease term plus any extensions that are reasonably assured. Depreciation is computed principally using the straight-
line method generally over the following estimated useful lives: 

Furniture, fixtures and equipment 
Leasehold improvements 
Buildings and improvements

3 to 7 years 
5 to 15 years 
18 to 39 years 

Long-Lived Assets 

Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, capitalized internal-use software and operating lease 
right-of-us assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying 

48 

amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group be tested for 
possible impairment, the Company first compares the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that 
asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable 
on an undiscounted cash flow basis, such assets are considered to be impaired, and the impairment is recognized to 
the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. There were no impairment charges recognized during any 
of the periods presented.  

Cloud Computing Implementation Costs 

The Company enters into cloud computing service contracts to support its sales, inventory management, 
and  administrative  activities.  The  Company  capitalizes  certain  implementation  costs  for  cloud  computing 
arrangements that meet the definition of a service contract. The Company includes these capitalized implementation 
costs within Prepaid expenses and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Once placed in service, the 
Company  amortizes  these  costs  over  the  remaining  subscription  term  to  the  same  caption  on  the  Consolidated 
Statement of Operations as the related cloud subscription. Capitalized implementation costs for cloud computing 
arrangements accounted for as service contracts were $9.0 million and $6.0 million as of April 30, 2023, and 2022, 
respectively. Accumulated amortization of capitalized implementation costs for these arrangements was $136,709 
and $50,888 as of April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.  

Cash Overdraft 

As checks are presented for payment from the Company’s primary disbursement bank account, monies are 
automatically drawn against cash collections for the day and, if necessary, are drawn against one of its revolving 
credit facilities. Any cash overdraft balance principally represents outstanding checks, net of any deposits in transit 
that as of the balance sheet date had not yet been presented for payment. Any cash overdraft balance is reflected in 
accrued liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

Deferred Sales Tax 

Deferred sales tax represents a sales tax liability of the Company for vehicles sold on an installment basis 
in the states of Alabama and Texas. Under Alabama and Texas law, for vehicles sold on an installment basis, the 
related sales tax is due as the payments are collected from the customer, rather than at the time of sale. Deferred 
sales tax liabilities are reflected in accrued liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

Income Taxes 

Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets 
and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities 
and are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the years in which these differences are expected 
to be recovered or settled. 

Occasionally,  the  Company  is  audited  by  taxing  authorities.  These  audits  could  result  in  proposed 
assessments of additional taxes. The Company believes that its tax positions comply in all material respects with 
applicable tax law; however, tax law is subject to interpretation, and interpretations by taxing authorities could be 
different from those of the Company, which could result in the imposition of additional taxes.  

The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the 
relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting 
the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has 
a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. The 
Company applies this methodology to all tax positions for which the statute of limitations remains open. 

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. Tax 
regulations  within  each  jurisdiction  are  subject  to  the  interpretation  of  the  related  tax  laws  and  regulations  and 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
require significant judgment to apply. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state 
and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for the fiscal years before 2019. 

The  Company’s  policy  is  to  recognize  accrued  interest  related  to  unrecognized  tax  benefits  in  interest 
expense and penalties in operating expenses. The Company had no accrued penalties or interest as of April 30, 2023 
and 2022, respectively. 

Revenue Recognition 

Revenues are generated principally from the sale of used vehicles, which in most cases includes a service 
contract  and  an  accident  protection  plan  product,  as  well  as  interest  income  and  late  fees  earned  on  finance 
receivables.  Revenues  are  net  of  taxes  collected  from  customers  and  remitted  to  government  agencies.  Cost  of 
vehicle sales include costs incurred by the Company to prepare the vehicle for sale including license and title costs, 
gasoline, transport services and repairs. 

Revenues from the sale of used vehicles are recognized when the sales contract is signed, the customer has 
taken possession of the vehicle and, if applicable, financing has been approved. Revenues from the sale of vehicles 
sold at wholesale are recognized at the time the proceeds are received. Revenues from the sale of service contracts 
are recognized ratably over the expected duration of the product. Service contract revenues are included in sales 
and the related expenses are included in cost of sales. Accident protection plan revenues are initially deferred and 
then recognized to income using the “Rule of 78’s” interest method over the life of the contract so that revenues are 
recognized in proportion to the amount of cancellation protection provided. Accident protection plan revenues are 
included in sales and related losses are included in cost of sales as incurred. Interest income is recognized on all 
active finance receivables accounts using the simple effective interest method. Active accounts include all accounts 
except those that have been paid-off or charged-off. 

Sales consist of the following for the years ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021: 

Years Ended April 30,
2022

2021

(In thousands)

Sales – used autos
Wholesales – third party
Service contract sales
Accident protection plan revenue

$

2023

1,057,465
59,695
57,593
34,526

$

918,414
51,641
42,958
30,685

Total

$

1,209,279

$

1,043,698

$

$

708,431
34,286
30,733
25,679

799,129

At  April  30,  2023  and  2022,  finance  receivables  more  than  90  days  past  due  were  approximately  $3.9 
million and $3.0 million, respectively. Late fee revenues totaled approximately $4.4 million, $3.1 million and $2.5 
million for the fiscal years ended 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Late fee revenue is recognized when collected 
and is reflected within Interest and other income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.  

During the years ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $26.8 million and $16.5 million 
of revenues that were included in deferred service contract revenues for the years ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, 
respectively.  

Advertising Costs 

Advertising  costs  are  expensed  as  incurred  and  consist  principally  of  television,  radio,  print  media  and 
digital marketing costs. Advertising costs amounted to $5.8 million, $5.0 million and $2.9 million for the years 
ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employee Benefit Plans 

The Company has 401(k) plans for all of its employees meeting certain eligibility requirements. The plans 
provide for voluntary employee contributions and the Company matches 50% of employee contributions up to a 
maximum of 6% of each employee’s compensation. The Company contributed approximately $1.2 million, $1.2 
million, and $908,000 to the plans for the years ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  

The Company offers employees the right to purchase common shares at a 15% discount from market price 
under the 2006 Employee Stock Purchase Plan which was approved by shareholders in October 2006. The Company 
takes a charge to earnings for the 15% discount, included in stock-based compensation. Amounts for fiscal years 
2023, 2022 and 2021 were not material individually or in the aggregate. A total of 200,000 shares were registered 
and 129,254 remain available for issuance under this plan at April 30, 2023.  

Earnings per Share 

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the 
average  number  of  common  shares  outstanding  during  the  period.  Diluted  earnings  per  share  are  computed  by 
dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the average number of common shares outstanding 
during the period plus dilutive common stock equivalents. The calculation of diluted earnings per share takes into 
consideration the potentially dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, such as outstanding stock options and 
non-vested restricted stock, which if exercised or converted into common stock would then share in the earnings of 
the Company. In computing diluted earnings per share, the Company utilizes the treasury stock method and anti-
dilutive securities are excluded. 

Stock-Based Compensation 

The  Company  recognizes  the  cost  of  employee  services  received  in  exchange  for  awards  of  equity 
instruments, such as stock options and restricted stock, based on the fair value of those awards at the date of grant 
over the requisite service period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair 
value of stock option awards. The Company may issue either new shares or treasury shares upon exercise of these 
awards.  Stock-based  compensation  plans,  related  expenses,  and  assumptions  used  in  the  Black-Scholes  option 
pricing  model  are  more  fully  described  in  Note  K.  If  an  award  contains  a  performance  condition,  expense  is 
recognized only for those shares for which it is considered reasonably probable as of the current period end that the 
performance condition will be met. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur and records any excess tax 
benefits or deficiencies from equity awards in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the reporting period in 
which the exercises occur. The Company recorded a discrete income tax benefit of approximately $558,000 and 
$1.4 million during the years ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As a result, the Company’s income tax 
expenses and associated effective tax rate will be impacted by fluctuations in stock price between the grant dates 
and exercise dates of equity awards.  

Treasury Stock 

The Company purchased 57,856, 304,204, and 106,590 shares of its common stock to be held as treasury 
stock for a total cost of $5.2 million, $34.7 million and $10.6 million during the years ended April 30, 2023, 2023 
and 2021, respectively. Treasury stock may be used for issuances under the Company’s stock-based compensation 
plans or for other general corporate purposes. The Company has a reserve account of 10,000 shares of treasury 
stock to secure outstanding service contracts issued in Iowa in accordance with the regulatory requirements of that 
state and another reserve account of 14,000 shares of treasury stock for its subsidiary, ACM Insurance Company, 
in accordance with the requirements of the Arkansas Department of Insurance. 

Facility Leases 

The Company’s leases primarily consist of operating leases related to retail stores, office space, and land. 

For more information on financing obligations, see Note F.  

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The initial term for real property leases is typically 3 to 10 years. Most leases include one or more options 
to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from 3 to 10 years or more. The Company includes 
options to renew (or terminate) in the lease term, and as part of the right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability, 
when it is reasonably certain that the options will be exercised. The weighted average remaining lease term as of 
April 30, 2023 was 12.9 years.  

The  ROU  asset  and  the  related  lease  liability  are  initially  measured  at  the  present  value  of  future  lease 
payments over the lease term. As most leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company obtains a quote 
for a collateralized debt obligation from a group of lenders each quarter to determine the present value of future 
payments of leases commenced for that quarter. The weighted average discount rate as of April 30, 2023 was 4.40%.  

The  Company  includes  variable  lease  payments  in  the  initial  measurement  of  ROU  assets  and  lease 
liabilities only to the extent they depend on an index or rate. Changes in such indices or rates are accounted for in 
the period the change occurs, and do not result in the remeasurement of the ROU asset or liability. The Company 
is also responsible for payment of certain real estate taxes, insurance, and other expenses on leases. These amounts 
are generally considered to be variable and are not included in the measurement of the ROU asset and lease liability. 
Non-lease components are generally accounted for separately from lease components. The Company’s leases do 
not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restricted covenants.  

Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

Occasionally, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board 
(“FASB”) or other standard setting bodies which the Company will adopt as of the specified effective date. Unless 
otherwise  discussed,  the  Company  believes  the  implementation  of  recently  issued  standards  which  are  not  yet 
effective will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption. 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted 

In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards 

Update (“ASU”) 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. The guidance changes the methodology for 
measuring credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. This guidance 
will affect the Company’s vintage disclosures related to current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for 
financing receivables.  The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 
2022. The company has concluded that there is no expected impact to the consolidated financial statements. 

C - Finance Receivables, Net 

The Company originates installment sale contracts from the sale of used vehicles at its dealerships. These 
installment sale contracts, which carry a fixed interest rate of 18.0% for all states except Arkansas (which is subject 
to  a  usuary  cap  of  17%)  and  Illinois  (where  dealerships  originate  at  19.5%  to  21.5%),  are  collateralized  by  the 
vehicle sold and typically provide for payments over periods ranging from 18 to 69 months. The Company’s finance 
receivables are defined as one segment and one class of loans, which is sub-prime consumer automobile contracts. 
The level of risks in our financing receivables is managed as one homogeneous pool. The components of finance 
receivables as of April 30, 2023, and 2022 are as follows: 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands)

April 30, 2023

April 30, 2022

Gross contract amount
Less unearned finance charges
                       Principal balance                    
Less allowance for credit losses

$

1,752,149 
(378,777)
1,373,372 
(299,608)

$

1,378,803 
(277,306)
1,101,497 
(237,823)

Finance receivables, net

$

1,073,764 

$

863,674 

Auto  finance  receivables  collateralizing  the  non-recourse  notes  payable  related  to  the  financing  and 
securitization transaction completed during the fiscal year 2023 and 2022 were $721.9 million and $550.3 million, 
respectively. 

Changes in the finance receivables, net for the years ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows: 

(In thousands)

Years Ended April 30,

2023

2022

2021

Balance at beginning of period
Finance receivable originations
Finance receivable collections
Provision for credit losses
Losses on claims for accident protection plan
Inventory acquired in repossession and accident protection plan claims

$

$

863,674
1,161,132
(434,458)
(352,860)
(25,107)
(138,617)

632,270
1,009,859
(417,796)
(238,054)
(21,871)
(100,734)

$ 472,401
762,717
(370,254)
(153,835)
(18,954)
(59,805)

     Balance at end of period

$ 1,073,764

$

863,674

$ 632,270

Changes in the finance receivables allowance for credit losses for the years ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 

2021 are as follows: 

(In thousands)

2023

2022

2021

Years Ended April 30, 

Balance at beginning of period
Provision for credit losses
Charge-offs, net of recovered collateral

     Balance at end of period

$

237,823
352,860
(291,075)

$

299,608

$

$

177,267
238,054
(177,498)

237,823

$

$

148,781
153,835
(125,349)

177,267

Amounts recovered from previously written-off accounts were $2.5 million, $2.4 million, and $1.9 million 

for the years ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

As a result of improved credit losses during the fiscal year 2021, as well as the Company’s outlook for 
projected losses, the Company decreased the allowance for credit losses in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 from 
25.43% to 23.55%, resulting in a $14.2 million pre-tax decrease in the provision for credit losses The allowance for 
credit  losses  remained  basically  flat  at  23.57%  at  April  30,  2022.  For  the  current  year  credit  losses  increased 
primarily  due  to  the  ending  of  federal  stimulus  programs,  continuing  inflationary  pressure  on  customers  and 
increasing  interest  rates  from  federal  monetary  policy,  and  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  fiscal  2023,  the  Company 
increased its allowance for credit losses to 23.91%.  

Credit quality information for finance receivables is as follows: 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)

April 30, 2023

April 30, 2022

Current 
 3 - 29 days past due
30 - 60 days past due
61 - 90 days past due
    > 90 days past due
          Total 

Principal
Balance

1,166,860
156,943
37,214
8,407
3,948
1,373,372

$

$

Percent of 
Portfolio

84.96%
11.43%
2.71%
0.61%
0.29%
100.00%

Principal
Balance

958,808
109,873
22,477
7,360
2,979
1,101,497

$

$

Percent of 
Portfolio

87.05%
9.97%
2.04%
0.67%
0.27%
100.00%

Accounts one and two days past due are considered current for this analysis, due to the varying payment 
dates and variation in the day of the week at each period end. Delinquencies may vary from period to period based 
on the average age of the portfolio, seasonality within the calendar year, the day of the week and overall economic 
factors. The above categories are consistent with internal operational measures used by the Company to monitor 
credit results.  

Substantially  all  of  the  Company’s  automobile  contracts  involve  contracts  made  to  individuals  with 
impaired or limited credit histories, or higher debt-to-income ratios than permitted by traditional lenders. Contracts 
made with buyers who are restricted in their ability to obtain financing from traditional lenders generally entail a 
higher risk of delinquency, default and repossession, and higher losses than contracts made with buyers with better 
credit. The Company monitors customer scores, contract term length, down payment percentages, and collections 
for credit quality indicators.  

Average total collected per active customer per month
Principal collected as a percent of average finance receivables
Average down-payment percentage
Average originating contract term (in months )

Portfolio weighted average contract term, including modifications (in months )

Twelve Months Ended
April 30,

$

2023

534
34.7%
5.4%
42.9

$

2022

513
43.5%
6.4%
40.2

April 30, 2023

46.3

April 30, 2022

42.9

Although total dollars collected per active customer increased 4.1% year over year, principal collections as 
a percentage of average finance receivables were lower in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 primarily due to the 
average  term  increases.  Overall  collections  have  also  been  negatively  impacted  by  the  current  inflationary 
environment and lower overall income tax refunds for consumers in fiscal 2023. The portfolio weighted average 
contract term increased primarily due to the increased average selling price, up $1,708 or 10.4%, from fiscal year 
2022.  

When customers apply for financing, the Company’s proprietary scoring models rely on the customers’ 
credit  histories  and  certain  application  information to  evaluate  and  rank  their  risk.  The  Company  obtains  credit 
histories and other credit data that includes information such as number of different addresses, age of oldest record, 
high  risk  credit  activity,  job  time,  time  at  residence  and  other  factors.  The  application  information  that  is  used 
includes  income,  collateral  value  and  down  payment.  The  scoring  models  yield  credit  grades  that  represent  the 
relative  likelihood  of  repayment.  Customers  with  the  highest  probability  of  repayment  are  6  rated  customers. 
Customers  assigned  a  lower  grade  are  determined  to  have  a  lower  probability  of  repayment.  For  loans  that  are 
approved, the  credit  grade influences  the  terms  of  the  agreement,  such  as  the  maximum  amount  financed,  term 
length and minimum down payment. After origination, credit grades are generally not updated.  

The  Company  uses  a  combination  of  the  initial  credit  grades  and  historical  performance  to  monitor  the 
credit quality of the finance receivables on an ongoing basis, and the accuracy of the scoring model is validated 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        
           
           
           
             
             
               
               
               
               
        
        
periodically. Loan performance is reviewed on a recurring basis to identify whether the assigned grades adequately 
reflect the customers’ likelihood of repayment. 

The following table presents a summary of finance receivables by credit quality indicator, as of April 30, 

2023 segregated by customer score and year of origination. 

(Dollars in thousands)

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

Prior to
2019

Total

%

Customer Score by Fiscal Year of Origination

1-2
3-4
5-6
Total

$

$

38,743
294,972
563,581
897,296

$

$

12,983
105,101
254,945
373,029

$

$

2,736
24,982
66,436
94,154

$

$

329
1,698
5,390
7,417

$

$

32
243
687
962

$

$

6
137
371
514

$

$

54,829
427,133
891,410
1,373,372

4.0%
31.1%
64.9%
100.0%

The following table presents a summary of finance receivables by credit quality indicator, as of April 30, 

2022 segregated by customer score and year of origination. 

(Dollars in thousands)

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

Prior to
2018

Total

%

Customer Score by Fiscal Year of Origination

1-2
3-4
5-6
Total

$

$

37,916
260,298
488,257
786,471

$

$

11,493
84,118
172,843
268,454

$

$

2,221
13,537
28,193
43,951

$

$

77
587
1,803
2,467

$

$

-
14
115
129

$

$

2
15
8
25

$

$

51,709
358,569
691,219
1,101,497

4.7%
32.5%
62.8%
100.0%

D - Property and Equipment 

A summary of property and equipment is as follows: 

(In thousands)

April 30, 2023

April 30, 2022

Land
Buildings and improvements
Furniture, fixtures and equipment(1)
Leasehold improvements
Construction in progress
Accumulated depreciation and amortization

$

12,386 
20,894 
          18,989 

47,315 
            7,176 
(45,078)

$

11,749 
13,876 
                10,163 

36,392 
                14,234 
(41,002)

Property and equipment, net(1)

$

61,682 

$

45,412 

(1)  Property and equipment, net at April 30, 2022 reflects an immaterial reclassification of approximately $6.0 million of capitalized implementation costs related to a 

cloud-computing arrangement that were reclassified to Prepaid expenses and other assets. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E - Accrued Liabilities 

A summary of accrued liabilities is as follows: 

(In thousands)

April 30, 2023

April 30, 2022

Employee compensation and benefits
Deferred sales tax (see Note B)
Reserve for accident protection plan claims
Fair value of contingent consideration
Other
Accrued liabilities

F – Debt  

A summary of debt is as follows: 

(In thousands)

Revolving line of credit
Debt issuance costs

     Revolving line of credit, net

Non-recourse notes payable - 2022 Issuance
Non-recourse notes payable - 2023 Issuance
Debt issuance costs

     Non-recourse notes payable, net

Total debt

Revolving Line of Credit 

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

11,197 
8,543 
5,694 
1,943 
6,229 
33,606 

2023

168,516 
(1,285)

167,231 

134,137 
338,777 
(1,547)

471,367 

638,598 

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

12,865 
7,388 
4,761 
3,544 
4,072 
32,630 

2022

46,674 
(2,004)

44,670 

399,994 

(4,008)

395,986 

440,656 

At April 30, 2023, the Company and its subsidiaries have $600.0 million of permitted borrowings under a 
revolving  line  of  credit.  The  revolving  credit  facilities  are  collateralized  primarily  by  finance  receivables  and 
inventory, are cross collateralized and contain a guarantee by the Company. Interest is payable monthly under the 
revolving credit facilities with a scheduled maturity date of September 29, 2024. The credit facilities provide for 
four pricing tiers for determining the applicable interest rate, based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio 
for the preceding fiscal quarter. The current applicable interest rate under the credit facilities is generally SOFR 
plus 2.75%, with a minimum of 2.25% or for non-SOFR amounts the base rate of 8.25% at April 30, 2023 and 
2.85% at April 30, 2022. The credit facilities contain various reporting and performance covenants including (i) 
maintenance of certain financial ratios and tests, (ii) limitations on borrowings from other sources, (iii) restrictions 
on certain operating activities and (iv) restrictions on the payment of dividends or distributions (see note B). 

The Company was in compliance with the covenants at April 30, 2023. The amount available to be drawn 
under the credit facilities is a function of eligible finance receivables and inventory; based upon eligible finance 
receivables  and  inventory  at  April  30,  2023,  the  Company  had  additional  availability  of  approximately  $121.4 
million under the revolving credit facilities.  

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Recourse Notes Payable 

The  Company  has  issued  two  separate  series  of  asset-backed  non-recourse  notes  (known  as  the  “2022 
Issuance”  and  the  “2023  Issuance”).  The  2022  Issuance  consists  of  $400.0  million  in  principal  amount  of  non-
recourse asset-back notes issued in four classes with a weighted average fixed coupon rate of 5.14% per annum, 
and the 2023 Issuance consists of $400.2 million in principal amount of non-recourse asset-back notes issued in 
four classes with a weighted average fixed coupon rate of 8.68% per annum. Both issuances are collateralized by 
auto loans directly originated by the Company. Credit enhancement for the non-recourse notes payable consists of 
overcollateralization, a reserve account funded with an initial amount of not less than 2.0% of the pool balance, 
excess  interest  on  the  auto  finance  receivables,  and  in  some  cases,  the  subordination  of  certain  payments  to 
noteholders of less senior classes of notes. The timing of principal payments on the non-recourse notes payable is 
based on the timing of principal collections and defaults on the related auto finance receivables. Notes payable 
related to the term securitization transactions accrue interest predominately at fixed rates have scheduled maturities 
through April 20, 2029 and January 22, 2030, respectively, but may mature earlier, depending upon repayment rate 
of the underlying auto finance receivables. See Note B for additional information. 

G – Fair Value Measurements 

Accounting  Standards  Codification  (“ASC”)  Topic  820,  Fair  Value  Measurements  defines  fair  value, 

establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. 

ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a 
liability  in  an  orderly  transaction  between  market  participants  at  the  measurement  date.  The  guidance  also 
establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable 
inputs when measuring fair value. Topic 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: 

  Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 

  Level 2 Inputs – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or 
liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; 
or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially 
the full term of the assets or liabilities. 

  Level  3  Inputs  –  Unobservable  inputs  that  are  supported  by  little or  no  market  activity  and that  are 

significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. 

Because no market exists for certain of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based 
on  judgments  and  estimates  regarding  yield  expectations  of  investors,  credit  risk  and  other  risk  characteristics, 
including interest rate and prepayment risk. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and 
matters of judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly 
affect these estimates.  

The methodology and assumptions utilized to estimate the fair value of the Company’s financial 

instruments are as follows: 

Financial Instrument 

Valuation Methodology 

Cash, cash equivalents, and 

restricted cash 

The carrying amount is considered to be a reasonable estimate of 
fair value due to the short-term nature of the financial instruments 
(Level 1). 

Finance receivables, net 

The Company estimated the fair value of its receivables at what a 
third-party purchaser might be willing to pay. The Company has 
had  discussions  with  third  parties  and  has  bought  and  sold 
portfolios and has had a third-party appraisal in October 2022 that 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
indicates  a  range  of  34%  to  39%  discount  to  face  would  be  a 
reasonable fair value in a negotiated third-party transaction. The 
sale of finance receivables from Car-Mart of Arkansas to Colonial 
is  made  at  a  38.5%  discount.  For  financial  reporting  purposes 
these sale transactions are eliminated (Level 2). 

The carrying amount is considered to be a reasonable estimate of 
fair value due to the short-term nature of the financial instrument 
(Level 2). 

The  fair  value  approximates  carrying  value  due  to  the  variable 
interest rates charged on the borrowings, which reprice frequently 
(Level 2). 

Accounts payable 

Revolving line of credit 

Non-recourse notes payable 

The  fair  value  was  based  upon  inputs  derived  from  prices  for 
similar instruments at period end (Level 2). 

The  estimated  fair  values,  and  related  carrying  amounts,  of  the  financial  instruments  included  in  the 

Company’s financial statements at April 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows: 

(In thousands)

Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Finance receivables, net
Accounts payable
Revolving line of credit
Non-recourse notes payable

H - Income Taxes 

April 30, 2023

April 30, 2022

Carrying
Value

Fair
Value

Carrying
Value

Fair
Value

$            9,796 
         58,238 
    1,073,764 
         27,195 
       167,231 
       471,367 

$         9,796 
      58,238 
    844,624 
      27,195 
    167,231 
    470,209 

$              6,916 
           35,671 
         863,674 
           20,055 
           44,670 
         395,986 

$      6,916 
   35,671 
 677,421 
   20,055 
   44,670 
 395,986 

The provision for income taxes was as follows: 

(In thousands)
Provision for income taxes
   Current
   Deferred
Total

2023

Years Ended April 30,
2022

2021

$

$

(3,504)
8,866
5,362

$

$

18,871
8,750
27,621

$

$

23,273
7,239
30,512

The provision for income taxes is different from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal 

income tax rate to income before income taxes for the following reasons: 

(In thousands)
Tax provision at statutory rate
State taxes, net of federal benefit
Tax benefit from option exercises
Other, net
Total

$

$

2023

Years Ended April 30,
2022

2021

$

$

25,753
3,679
(1,356)
(455)
27,621

$

$

28,420
4,060
(1,401)
(567)
30,512

5,417
774
(558)
(271)
5,362

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
           
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts 

of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant 
components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows: 

(In thousands)
Deferred income tax liabilities related to:
   Finance receivables
   Property and equipment
   Goodwill
          Total
Deferred income tax assets related to:
   Accrued liabilities
   Inventory
   Share based compensation
   State net operating loss
   Deferred revenue 
          Total
Deferred income tax liabilities, net

Years Ended April 30,

2023

2022

$

$

         47,486 
           3,262 
              281 
         51,029 

           3,051 
              204 
           4,634 

164    

           3,661 
         11,714 
         39,315 

$       37,682 
        1,368 
           194 
      39,244 

        2,524 
           316 
        3,561 
           168 
        2,226 
        8,795 
$       30,449 

I – Capital Stock 

The Company is authorized to issue up to 50,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 
and up to 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. Each share of the Company’s common 
stock has the same relative rights as, and is identical in all respects to, each other share of the Company’s common 
stock. The shares of preferred stock may be issued in one or more series having such respective terms, rights and 
preferences as are designated by the Board of Directors. The Company has not issued any preferred stock.  

A subsidiary of the Company has issued 500,000 shares of $1.00 par value preferred stock which carries 
an 8% cumulative dividend. The Company’s subsidiary can redeem the preferred stock at any time at par value plus 
any unpaid dividends. After April 30, 2017, a holder of 400,000 shares of the subsidiary preferred stock can require 
the Company’s subsidiary to redeem such stock for $400,000 plus any unpaid dividends.   

J – Weighted Average Shares Outstanding 

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings 

per share were as follows: 

Weighted average shares outstanding-basic
Dilutive options and restricted stock

2023

6,371,229
195,667

Years Ended April 30,
2022

6,509,673
313,808

2021

6,628,749
332,826

Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted

6,566,896

6,823,481

6,961,575

Antidilutive securities not included:
  Options 
  Restricted Stock

K – Stock-Based Compensation Plans 

315,625
15,231

120,000
4,784

152,500
2,479

The Company has stock-based compensation plans available to grant non-qualified stock options, incentive 
stock options and restricted stock to employees, directors and certain advisors of the Company. The current stock-

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
               
            
based compensation plans being utilized at April 30, 2023 are the Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan and 
the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan. The Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense 
for  all  plans  of  approximately  $5.3  million  ($4.1  million  after  tax  effects),  $5.5  million  ($4.2  million  after  tax 
effects)  and  $6.0  million  ($4.6  million  after  tax  effects)  for  the  years  ended  April  30,  2023,  2022  and  2021, 
respectively. Tax benefits were recognized for these costs at the Company’s overall effective tax rate, excluding 
discrete income tax benefits related to excess benefits on share-based compensation. 

Stock Option Plan 

The  Company  has  options  outstanding  under  a  stock  option  plan  approved  by  the  shareholders,  the 
Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan. The shareholders of the Company approved the Amended and Restated 
Stock Option Plan (the “Restated Option Plan”) on August 5, 2015, which extended the term of the Stock Option 
Plan to June 10, 2025 and increased the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the plan by 
an additional 300,000 shares to 1,800,000 shares. On August 29, 2018, the shareholders of the Company approved 
an amendment to the Restated Option Plan increasing the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance 
under the plan by an additional 200,000 shares to 2,000,000 shares. On August 26, 2020, the shareholders of the 
Company approved an amendment to the Restated Option Plan increasing the number of shares of common stock 
reserved for issuance under the plan by an additional 200,000 shares to 2,200,000 shares.  On August 30, 2022, the 
shareholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Restated Option Plan increasing the number of shares 
of common stock reserved for issuance under the plan by an additional 185,000 shares to 2,385,000 shares. The 
Restated  Option  Plan  provides  for  the  grant  of  options  to  purchase  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  to 
employees, directors and certain advisors of the Company at a price not less than the fair market value of the stock 
on the date of grant and for periods not to exceed ten years. Options outstanding under the Company’s stock option 
plans expire in the calendar years 2022 through 2033. 

Minimum exercise price as a percentage of fair market value at date of grant 
Last expiration date for outstanding options 
Shares available for grant at April 30, 2023 

  Restated Option Plan 

100% 
February 20, 2033 
260,000 

The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options at April 30, 2023 and 2022 was $9.1 million and $8.4 

million, respectively. 

The fair value of options granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing 

model based on the assumptions in the table below. 

Expected term (years)
Risk-free interest rate 
Volatility
Dividend yield

2023

Years Ended April 30,
2022

5.5
3.60%
55%
-

5.5
0.86%
51%
-

2021

5.5
0.36%
50%
-

The expected term of the options is based on evaluations of historical and expected future employee exercise 
behavior. The risk-free interest rate is  based on the U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates 
approximately  equal  to  the  expected  life  at  the  grant  date.  Volatility  is  based  on  the  historical  volatility  of  the 
Company’s common stock. The Company has not historically issued dividends and does not expect to do so in the 
foreseeable future. 

There were 140,000 options granted during fiscal 2023 and 30,000 granted during each of 2022 and fiscal 
2021. The grant-date fair value of options granted during fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $5.1 million, $2.1 million 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                            
                            
                          
and $2.0 million, respectively. The options were granted at fair market value on the date of grant. Generally, options 
vest after three to five years, except for options issued to directors which are immediately vested at date of grant. 

The following is an aggregate summary of the activity in the Company’s stock option plans from April 30, 

2020 to April 30, 2023: 

Outstanding at April 30, 2020
  Granted
  Exercised
  Cancelled
Outstanding at April 30, 2021
  Granted
  Exercised
Cancelled
Outstanding at April 30, 2022
  Granted
  Exercised
  Cancelled
Outstanding at April 30, 2023

Number
of
Options

667,750
30,000 
(131,350)
                   -   

566,400 
30,000
(94,000)
(1,000)
501,400
140,000 
(28,000)
                   -   

613,400 

Exercise
Price
per Share

$ 65.95
$ 24.69 to $ 99.05

 $ 150.83
$ 24.37 to $ 150.83
 $ 41.86

 $ 61.02 to $ 94.59
 $ 44.52 to $ 53.02

Proceeds
on
Exercise
(in thousands)
45,777
1,979
(6,730)

                   -   
41,026
4,525
(6,276)
(42)
39,232
9,687
(1,439)

                   -   
47,480

$

$

$

$

Weighted Average
Exercise Price per
Share

$

$

$

$

68.55
65.95
51.24

72.43
150.83
66.76
41.86
78.25
69.19
51.38

77.41

Stock option compensation expense on a pre-tax basis was $3.7 million ($2.9 million after tax effects), $4.5 
million ($3.4 million after tax effects) and $3.9 million ($3.0 million after tax effects) for the years ended April 30, 
2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of April 30, 2023, the Company had approximately $3.8 million of total 
unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options that are expected to vest. These options have a weighted 
average remaining vesting period of 1.1 years. 

The  Company  had  the  following  options  exercised  for  the  periods  indicated.  The  impact  of  these  cash 

receipts is included in financing activities in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. 

(Dollars in thousands)

2023

2022

2021

Years Ended April 30,

Options Exercised
Cash Received from Options Exercised
Intrinsic Value of Options Exercised

28,000
1,216
1,412

$
$

94,000
591
7,124

$
$

$
$

131,350
5,120
7,894

During  the  year  ended  April  30,  2023,  there  were  5,000  options  exercised  through  net  settlements  in 
accordance with plan provisions, wherein the shares issued were reduced by 2,584 shares to satisfy the exercise 
price to acquire 2,416 shares. 

As  of  April  30,  2023,  there  were  303,400  vested  and  exercisable  stock  options  outstanding  with  an 
aggregate  intrinsic  value  of  $4.4  million  and  a  weighted  average  remaining  contractual  life  of  5.6  years  and  a 
weighted average exercise price of $82.89. 

Stock Incentive Plan 

On August 5, 2015, the shareholders of the Company approved the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive 
Plan (the “Restated Incentive Plan”), which extended the term of the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan to June 10, 
2025.  On  August  29,  2018,  the  shareholders  of  the  Company  approved  an  amendment  to  the  Restated  Stock 
Incentive Plan that increased the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Restated Incentive 
Plan by 100,000 shares to 450,000. For shares issued under the Stock Incentive Plan, the associated compensation 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
expense is generally recognized equally over the vesting periods established at the award date and is subject to the 
employee’s continued employment by the Company. 

The following is a summary of the activity in the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan: 

Unvested shares at April 30, 2020
Shares granted
Shares vested
Shares cancelled
Unvested shares at April 30, 2021
Shares granted
Shares vested
Shares cancelled
Unvested shares at April 30, 2022
Shares granted
Shares vested
Shares cancelled
Unvested shares at April 30, 2023

Number
of
Shares

Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

184,828
             7,690 
                     - 
              (500)
192,018
           11,287 
           (6,500)
         (15,691)
181,114
           40,470 
         (29,500)
         (10,301)
181,783

$

$

$

$

49.71
                 98.43 
                         - 
                 35.00 
51.70
               121.17 
39.14
                 59.99 
55.76
                 68.78 
                 35.31 
                 69.14 
61.22

The fair value at vesting for Awards under the stock incentive plan was $11.1 million, $10.1 million, and 

$9.9 million in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

The Company recorded compensation cost of approximately $1.6 million ($1.2 million after tax effects), 
$981,000 ($749,000 after tax effects) and $1.1 million ($878,000 after tax effects) related to the Restated Incentive 
Plan during the years ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of April 30, 2023, the Company had 
$5.9  million  of  total  unrecognized  compensation  cost  related  to  unvested  awards  granted  under  the  Restated 
Incentive Plan, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average remaining period of 3.9 years.  

L - Commitments and Contingencies 

Letter of Credit 

The Company has two standby letters of credit relating to insurance policies totaling $2,850,000 at April 30, 

2023. 

Facility Leases 

The Company leases certain dealership and office facilities under various non-cancelable operating leases. 
Dealership leases are generally for periods from three to five years and contain multiple renewal options. As of 
April 30, 2023, the aggregate rentals due under such leases, including renewal options that are reasonably assured, 
were as follows: 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Years Ending
April 30,

Amount
(In thousands)

2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter

Total undiscounted operating lease payments
Less: imputed interest

Present value of operating lease liabilities

$

$

7,782
7,770
7,232
6,720
6,137
46,546

82,187
19,887

62,300

The  $82.2  million  of  operating  lease  commitments  includes  $13.3  million  of  non-cancelable  lease 
commitments under the lease terms, and $68.9 million of lease commitments for renewal periods at the Company’s 
option that are reasonably assured. For the years ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, rent expense for all operating 
leases amounted to approximately $9.0 million, $8.0 million and $8.0 million, respectively.  

Litigation 

In  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  the  Company  has  become  a  defendant  in  various  types  of  legal 
proceedings.  The  Company  does  not  expect  the  final  outcome  of  any  of  these  actions,  individually  or  in  the 
aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, annual results of operations or 
cash  flows.  The  results  of  legal  proceedings  cannot  be  predicted  with  certainty,  however,  and  an  unfavorable 
resolution of one or more of these legal proceedings could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial 
position, annual results of operations or cash flows. 

Related Finance Company 

Car-Mart of Arkansas and Colonial do not meet the affiliation standard for filing consolidated income tax 
returns, and as such they file separate federal and state income tax returns. Car-Mart of Arkansas routinely sells its 
finance  receivables  to  Colonial  at  what  the  Company  believes  to  be  fair  market  value  and  is  able  to  take  a  tax 
deduction at the time of sale for the difference between the tax basis of the receivables sold and the sales price. 
These types of transactions, based upon facts and circumstances, have been permissible under the provisions of the 
Internal  Revenue  Code  as  described  in  the  Treasury  Regulations.  For  financial  accounting  purposes,  these 
transactions are eliminated in consolidation, and a deferred income tax liability has been recorded for this timing 
difference. The sale of finance receivables from Car-Mart of Arkansas to Colonial provides certain legal protection 
for the Company’s finance receivables and, principally because of certain state apportionment characteristics of 
Colonial,  also  has  the  effect  of  reducing  the  Company’s  overall  effective  state  income  tax  rate.  The  actual 
interpretation of the regulations is in part a facts and circumstances matter. The Company believes it satisfies the 
material provisions of the regulations. Failure to satisfy those provisions could result in the loss of a tax deduction 
at the time the receivables are sold and have the effect of increasing the Company’s overall effective income tax 
rate as well as the timing of required tax payments.  

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
M - Supplemental Cash Flow Information 

Supplemental cash flow disclosures for the years ended April 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows: 

(in thousands)
Supplemental disclosures:
  Interest paid
  Income taxes paid, net

Non-cash transactions:
  Inventory acquired in repossession and accident protection plan claims
  Net settlement option exercises
  Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities
  Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities through acquisitions

127,035 
                   223 
                2,307 
                        - 

Years Ended April 30, 

2023

2022

2021

$

36,605 
5,480 

$

10,421 
19,238 

84,096 
5,685
3,176

                               - 

$

7,029 
26,964 

50,868 
1,616 
2,510 
              - 

N – Correction of an Immaterial Error in Previously Issued Financial Statements 

Subsequent to the issuance of our interim financial statements for the period ended July 31, 2022, certain 
immaterial errors were identified and have been corrected in our historical information related to the classification 
of deferred revenue of ancillary products at the time an account is charged off and the calculation for allowance for 
credit losses.  The amount of deferred revenue related to ancillary products for a customer account that is charged 
off has historically been recognized as sales revenue at the time of charge-off because the performance obligations 
for the deferred revenue are no longer required to be delivered by the Company at the time of charge-off.  It was 
determined that this amount should be recorded as a reduction to customer accounts receivable at the time of charge-
off, thus reducing the amounts historically reported in sales revenue, net charge-offs, the provision for credit losses 
and the allowance for credit losses as well as the corresponding deferred tax liability. As a result, certain amounts 
for sales revenue, provision for credit losses, charge-offs, net of collateral recovered, the allowance for credit losses 
and  other  related  amounts  have  been  revised  from  the  amounts  previously  reported  to  correct  these  errors. 
Management  has  evaluated  the  materiality  of  these  corrections  to  its  prior  period  financial  statements  from  a 
quantitative and qualitative perspective and has concluded that this change was not material to any prior annual or 
interim period. 

The  effects  of  the  corrections  to  each  of  the  individual  affected  line  items  in our  Consolidated  Balance 

Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows (in thousands): 

(In thousands)

As Previously Reported

April 30, 2022
Corrections

As Corrected

Finance receivables, net
Deferred income tax liabilities, net
Retained earnings

$

854,290 
                    28,233 
658,242 

$

9,384 
                      2,216 
                      7,168 

$

863,674 
                    30,449 
                  665,410 

O – Subsequent Events 

None. 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 

None. 

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

Management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, 
has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) 
and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of April 30, 2023. 
Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that 
as  of  April  30,  2023,  the  Company’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures    were  effective  to  provide  reasonable 
assurance  that  information  required  to be  disclosed by  the  Company  in  the  reports  it  files  or  submits  under  the 
Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules 
and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s 
Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), to 
allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. 

Remediation of Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial 
reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial 
statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. In connection with the preparation of the Company’s 
consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended October 31, 2022, management identified an 
error  in  the  historical  credit  loss  input  in  the  Company’s  current  expected  credit  losses  (“CECL”)  analysis  for 
determining the Company’s allowance for credit losses. Management evaluated the materiality of these corrections 
to its prior period financial statements from a quantitative and qualitative perspective and concluded that this change 
was not material to the Company’s operating results or financial condition in any prior annual or interim period. 
However,  management  concluded  and  disclosed  that  at  October  31,  2022,  a  material  weakness  existed  in  the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting related to the lack of precision of management’s review control 
around the historical inputs and results in the Company’s current CECL analysis for determining the Company’s 
allowance for credit losses, including a reduction in technical accounting expertise and lack of segregation of duties 
among certain processes and control owners due to recent staffing turnover.  

In order to remediate the material weakness that led to the Company’s inability to identify errors in the 
Company’s CECL analysis for calculating the allowance for credit losses, management hired a new Senior Director 
of  Finance  and  Reporting  in  January  2023  to  fill  the  vacated  position  and  expanded  the  technical  accounting 
expertise within the financial reporting group. Management also implemented third-party software and engaged 
third-party  advisory  services  to  assist  in  supporting  management’s  analysis  and  processes,  as  well  as  further 
strengthen the precision of management’s review controls on the CECL analysis.  

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company completed its testing of the implemented controls. 
Based  on  the  foregoing  remediation  activities  and  testing  of  controls,  management  concluded  that  the  material 
weakness has been fully remediated.  

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls  

The  Company’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  are 
designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  of  achieving  their  desired  objectives.  Management  recognizes  that  a 
control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance 
that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that 
there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of 
their inherent limitations, disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting may not 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
prevent or detect all errors or misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide 
only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. 

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over 
financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal 
control  over  financial  reporting  is  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  the 
Company’s financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with 
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of 
April 30, 20232. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth in The 2013 Internal Control-
Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission 
(COSO). 

 Based on management’s assessment, management believes that the Company maintained effective internal 

control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2023.  

The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm independently assessed the effectiveness of 
the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  and  has  issued  their  report  on  the  effectiveness  of  the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting at April 30, 20232. That report appears below.  

66 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

Board of Directors and Shareholders 
America’s Car-Mart, Inc. 

Opinion on internal control over financial reporting 
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of America’s Car-Mart, Inc. (a Texas corporation) and 
subsidiaries  (the  “Company”)  as  of  April  30,  2023,  based  on  criteria  established  in  the  2013  Internal  Control—
Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission 
(“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial 
reporting as of April 30, 2023, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework 
issued by COSO. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended April 30, 
2023, and our report dated June 26, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.  

Basis for opinion 
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and 
for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying 
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on 
the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  based  on  our  audit.  We  are  a  public  accounting  firm 
registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with 
the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission and the PCAOB.  

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting 
was  maintained  in  all  material  respects.  Our  audit  included  obtaining  an  understanding  of  internal  control  over 
financial  reporting,  assessing  the  risk  that  a  material  weakness  exists,  testing  and  evaluating  the  design  and 
operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as 
we  considered  necessary  in  the  circumstances.  We  believe  that  our  audit  provides  a  reasonable  basis  for  our 
opinion. 

Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting 
A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance 
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles.  A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting 
includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, 
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable 
assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made 
only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable 
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s 
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become 
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may 
deteriorate. 

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP 

Tulsa, Oklahoma  
June 26, 2023 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Except as described above, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting 
(as  defined  in  Rules 13a-15(f) and  15d-15(f)  under  the  Exchange  Act)  that  occurred  during  the  Company’s  last 
fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal 
control over financial reporting.  

Item 9B.  Other Information 

None. 

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections 

Not applicable. 

PART III 

Except as to information with respect to executive officers which is contained in a separate heading under 
Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K, the information required by Items 10 through 14 of this Form 10-K is, pursuant to 
General Instruction G (3) of Form 10-K, incorporated by reference herein from the Company's definitive proxy 
statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A for the Company's Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 
August 2023 (the “Proxy Statement”). The Company will, within 120 days of the end of its fiscal year, file with the 
SEC a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A. 

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 

The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement and such information is 
incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding the executive officers of the Company is set forth under 
the heading "Executive Officers of the Registrant" in Part I, Item 1 of this report. 

Item 11.  Executive Compensation 

The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement and such information is 

incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder 
Matters 

The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement and such information is 

incorporated herein by reference. 

The Company’s equity compensation plans consist of the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan, the 
Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan and the 2006 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. These plans have been 
approved by the stockholders.  

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  following  table  sets  forth  information  regarding  outstanding  options  and  shares  reserved  for  future 

issuance under the foregoing plans as of April 30, 2023: 

Number of securities 
to be issued upon 
exercise of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights

Weighted-average 
exercise price of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights

Plan Category

(a)

(b)

Number of securities 
remaining available for future 
issuance under equity 
compensation plans (excluding 
shares reflected in column (a))
(c) (1)

Equity compensation plans 
     approved by the stockholders

Equity compensation plans 
     not approved by the stockholders

613,400

$77.41

450,498

-

-

-

(1) 

Includes  61,244  shares  available  for  issuance  under  the  Amended  and  Restated  Stock  Incentive  Plan,  260,000  shares  under  the 
Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan and 129,254 shares under the 2006 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. 

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 

The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement and such information is 

incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 14.  Principal Accounting Fees and Services 

The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement and such information is 

incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 15.   Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 

(a)1.  Financial Statements  

PART IV 

The financial statements required by this item are listed in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary 

Data”. 

(a)2.  Financial Statement Schedules 

The financial statement schedules are omitted since the required information is not present, or is not present 
in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedules, or because the information required is included in the 
Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto. 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a)3.  Exhibits 

The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Exhibit 
Number 

Description of Exhibit 

3.1 

3.2 

3.3 

4.1 

4.2 

4.3 

  Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (Incorporated by reference to Exhibits 
4.1-4.8 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on November 
16, 2005 (File No. 333-129727)). 

  Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated December 4, 2007. (Incorporated by 
reference  to  Exhibit  3.2  to  the  Company’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for  the  quarter 
ended October 31, 2007, filed with the SEC on December 7, 2007). 

  Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated February 18, 
2014. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-
K filed with the SEC on February 19, 2014). 

  Description of Securities (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2021, filed with the SEC on July 2, 2021). 

Indenture, dated April 27, 2022, by and between ACM Auto Trust 2022-1 and Wilmington 
Trust, National Association, as Indenture Trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to 
the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 3, 2022.) 

Indenture, dated January 31, 2023, by and between ACM Auto Trust 2023-1 and Wilmington 
Trust, National Association, as Indenture Trustee. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 
to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 6, 2023). 

10.1* 

  Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the 

Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on June 23, 2015). 

10.1.1* 

Amendment  to  Amended  and  Restated  Stock  Incentive  Plan  (Incorporated  by  reference  to 
Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 
4, 2018). 

10.2* 

  Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the 

Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on June 23, 2015). 

10.2.1* 

Amendment to Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 4, 2018). 

10.2.2* 

10.2.3* 

Amendment to Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 31, 2020). 

  Option  Agreement  for  Amended  and  Restated  Stock  Option  Plan,  dated  August  5,  2015, 
between  America’s  Car-Mart,  Inc.,  a  Texas  corporation,  and  William  H.  Henderson 
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed 
with the SEC on August 10, 2015). 

10.2.4* 

  Option  Agreement  for  Amended  and  Restated  Stock  Option  Plan,  dated  August  5,  2015, 
between  America’s  Car-Mart,  Inc.,  a  Texas  corporation,  and  William  H.  Henderson 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.3* 

10.4.1* 

10.4.2* 

10.5* 

10.6* 

10.7* 

10.8* 

10.9 

10.10.1 

10.10.2 

(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed 
with the SEC on August 10, 2015). 

Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and certain officers and directors 
of the Company. (Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-
Q for the quarter ended July 31, 1993) (filed in paper format). 

Employment Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2020, between America’s Car-Mart, Inc., 
an Arkansas corporation, and Jeffrey A. Williams (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 
to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 4, 2020). 

Employment Agreement, dated as of September 6, 2022, between America’s Car Mart, Inc., 
an Arkansas corporation, and Douglas Campbell (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 
to the Company’s Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 26, 2022). 

  America’s  Car-Mart,  Inc.  Nonqualified  Deferred  Compensation  Plan  (Incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC 
on October 10, 2014). 

Change in Control Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2021, between America’s Car Mart, Inc., an 
Arkansas corporation, and Vickie D. Judy (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 7, 2021). 

Change in Control Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2021, between America’s Car Mart, Inc., an 
Arkansas corporation, and Leonard L. Walthall (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to 
the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 7, 2021). 

Retirement and Transition Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2018, between America’s Car-
Mart,  Inc.  and  William  H.  Henderson  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  to  the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 11, 2018). 

Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated September 30, 2019, among 
America’s  Car-Mart,  Inc.,  a  Texas  corporation,  as  Parent;  Colonial  Auto  Finance,  Inc.,  an 
Arkansas  corporation,  America’s  Car  Mart,  Inc.,  an  Arkansas  corporation,  and  Texas  Car-
Mart, Inc., a Texas corporation, as Borrowers; and certain financial institutions, as Lenders, 
with BMO Harris Bank, N.A., as Agent, Lead Arranger and Book Manager (Incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC 
on October 1, 2019). 

Amendment  No.  1  to  Third  Amended  and  Restated  Loan  and  Security  Agreement  dated 
October 27, 2020, among America’s Car-Mart, Inc., a Texas corporation, as Parent; Colonial 
Auto  Finance,  Inc.,  an  Arkansas  corporation,  America’s  Car  Mart,  Inc.,  an  Arkansas 
corporation, and Texas Car-Mart, Inc., a Texas corporation, as Borrowers; and certain financial 
institutions,  as  Lenders,  with  BMO  Harris  Bank,  N.A.,  as  Agent,  Lead  Arranger  and  Book 
Manager (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 
8-K filed with the SEC on November 4, 2020). 

Amendment  No.  2  to  Third  Amended  and  Restated  Loan  and  Security  Agreement  dated 
February 10, 2021, among America’s Car-Mart, Inc., a Texas corporation, as Parent; Colonial 
Auto  Finance,  Inc.,  an  Arkansas  corporation,  America’s  Car  Mart,  Inc.,  an  Arkansas 
corporation, and Texas Car-Mart, Inc., a Texas corporation, as Borrowers; and certain financial 
institutions,  as  Lenders,  with  BMO  Harris  Bank,  N.A.,  as  Agent,  Lead  Arranger  and  Book 
Manager (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 
8-K filed with the SEC on February 16, 2021). 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.10.3 

10.10.4 

10.10.5 

10.11 

10.12 

10.13 

10.14 

14.1 

21.1 

23.1 

31.1 

Amendment  No.  3  to  Third  Amended  and  Restated  Loan  and  Security  Agreement  dated 
September 29, 2021, among America’s Car-Mart, Inc., a Texas corporation, as Parent; Colonial 
Auto  Finance,  Inc.,  an  Arkansas  corporation,  America’s  Car  Mart,  Inc.,  an  Arkansas 
corporation, and Texas Car-Mart, Inc., a Texas corporation, as Borrowers; and certain financial 
institutions,  as  Lenders,  with  BMO  Harris  Bank,  N.A.,  as  Agent,  Lead  Arranger  and  Book 
Manager (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 
8-K filed with the SEC on September 30, 2021). 

Amendment No. 4 to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated April 
22,  2022,  among  America’s  Car-Mart,  Inc.,  a  Texas  corporation,  as  Parent;  Colonial  Auto 
Finance, Inc., an Arkansas corporation, America’s Car Mart, Inc., an Arkansas corporation, 
and Texas Car-Mart, Inc., a Texas corporation, as Borrowers; and certain financial institutions, 
as  Lenders,  with  BMO  Harris  Bank,  N.A.,  as  Agent,  Lead  Arranger  and  Book  Manager 
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed 
with the SEC on April 27, 2022). 

  Amendment No. 5 to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement and Limited 
Waiver dated February 22, 2023, among America’s Car-Mart, Inc., a Texas corporation, as 
Parent; Colonial Auto Finance, Inc., an Arkansas corporation, America’s Car Mart, Inc., an 
Arkansas  corporation,  and  Texas  Car-Mart,  Inc.,  a  Texas  corporation,  as  Borrowers;  and 
certain  financial  institutions,  as  Lenders,  with  BMO  Harris  Bank,  N.A.,  as  Agent,  Lead 
Arranger, and Book Manager. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s 
Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023). 

Purchase Agreement, dated April 27, 2022, by and between Colonial Auto Finance, Inc. and 
ACM  Funding,  LLC  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  to  the  Company’s  Current 
Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 3, 2022.) 

Sale and Servicing Agreement, dated April 27, 2022, by and between ACM Auto Trust 2022-
1,  ACM  Funding,  LLC,  America’s  Car  Mart,  Inc.,  and  Wilmington  Trust,  National 
Association,  as  Indenture  Trustee,  Backup  Servicer,  Calculation  Agent,  and  Paying  Agent 
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A 
filed with the SEC on May 4, 2022). 

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/799850/000117184322006233/exh_101.htmPurchase 
Agreement, dated January 31, 2023, by and between Colonial Auto Finance, Inc. and ACM 
Funding, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 6, 2023). 

Sale and Servicing Agreement, dated January 31, 2023, by and between ACM Auto Trust 
2023-1, ACM Funding, LLC, America’s Car Mart, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National 
Association, as Indenture Trustee, Backup Servicer, Calculation Agent, and Paying Agent. 
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K 
filed with the SEC on February 6, 2023). 
Code  of  Business  Conduct  and  Ethics.  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  14.1  to  the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 22, 2016) 

Subsidiaries of America’s Car-Mart, Inc. 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31.2 

32.1 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act 

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-
14(b) of the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 

101.INS 

XBRL Instance Document 

101.SCH 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 

101.CAL 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 

101.DEF 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 

101.LAB 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document 

101.PRE 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 

104 

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL Document) 

    Indicates  management  contract  or  compensatory  plan  or  arrangement  covering  executive  officers  or 

   * 
directors of the Company. 

Item 16.  Form 10-K Summary 

Not applicable. 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly 

caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. 

SIGNATURES 

Dated:  June 26, 2023 

AMERICA’S CAR-MART, INC. 

By:  /s/ Vickie D. Judy 
Vickie D. Judy 
Chief Financial Officer 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following 

persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 

Signature 

Title 

/s/ Jeffrey A. Williams    
Jeffrey A. Williams 

/s/ Vickie D. Judy             
Vickie D. Judy 

/s/ Joshua G. Welch           
Joshua G. Welch 

/s/ Ann G. Bordelon           
Ann G. Bordelon 

/s/ Julia K. Davis               
Julia K. Davis 

/s/ Daniel J. Englander      
Daniel J. Englander 

/s/ William H. Henderson  
William H. Henderson 

/s/ Dawn C. Morris            
Dawn C. Morris 

Date 

   June 26, 2023 

Chief Executive Officer 
and Director  
(Principal Executive Officer) 

Chief Financial Officer 
 (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 

   June 26, 2023 

Chairman of the Board 

   June 26, 2023 

   June 26, 2023 

   June 26, 2023 

   June 26, 2023 

   June 26, 2023 

   June 26, 2023 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 21.1 

Subsidiaries of America’s Car-Mart, Inc. 

Crown Delaware Investments Corp. (a Delaware corporation) 

America’s Car Mart, Inc. (an Arkansas Corporation) 

Colonial Auto Finance, Inc. (an Arkansas Corporation) 

ACM Funding, LLC (a Delaware limited liability company) 

ACM Auto Trust 2022-1 (a Delaware statutory trust) 

ACM Auto Trust 2023-1 (a Delaware statutory trust) 

Colonial Underwriting, Inc. (an Arkansas Corporation) 

Texas Car-Mart, Inc. (a Texas corporation) 

Auto Finance Investors, Inc. (a Texas corporation) 

ACM Insurance Company (an Arkansas corporation) 

1045 Sunshine LLC (a Missouri limited liability company) 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 23.1 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

We  have  issued  our  reports  dated  June  26,  2023,  with  respect  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  internal 
control over financial reporting included in the Annual Report of America’s Car-Mart, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year 
ended April 30, 2023. We consent to the incorporation by reference of said reports in the Registration Statements of 
America’s Car-Mart, Inc. on Forms S-8 (File Nos. 333-139270, 333-139269, 333-208414, 333-208416, 333-227856, and 
333-227857).  

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP 

Tulsa, Oklahoma  
June 26, 2023 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 31.1 

Certification 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

I, Jeffrey A. Williams, certify that: 

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended April 30, 2023 of America’s Car-Mart, Inc.  

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary 
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
the period covered by this report; 

Based  on  my  knowledge,  the  financial  statements,  and  other  financial  information  included  in  this  report,  fairly  present  in  all 
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented
in this report; 

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures 
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange
Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

Designed  such  disclosure controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be  designed
under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, 
is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be
designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

Evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  registrant’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  presented  in  this  report  our
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this
report based on such evaluation; and 

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the
registrant’s  most  recent  fiscal  quarter  (the  registrant’s  fourth  fiscal  quarter  in  the  case  of  an  annual  report)  that  has 
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting;
and 

5. 

The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer(s)  and  I  have  disclosed,  based  on  our  most  recent  evaluation  of  internal  control  over
financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing 
the equivalent functions): 

(a) 

(b) 

June 26, 2023 

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting 
which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial
information; and 

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

/s/ Jeffrey A. Williams 
Jeffrey A. Williams 
Chief Executive Officer 
(Principal Executive Officer) 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 31.2 

Certification 

1.

2. 

3.

4. 

I, Vickie D. Judy, certify that: 

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended April 30, 2023 of America’s Car-Mart, Inc.

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
the period covered by this report;

Based  on  my  knowledge,  the  financial  statements,  and  other  financial  information  included  in  this  report,  fairly  present  in  all
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented
in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange
Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Designed  such  disclosure controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be  designed
under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries,
is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be
designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  registrant’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  presented  in  this  report  our
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this
report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the
registrant’s  most  recent  fiscal  quarter  (the  registrant’s  fourth  fiscal  quarter  in  the  case  of  an  annual  report)  that  has
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting;
and

5.

The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer(s)  and  I  have  disclosed,  based  on  our  most  recent  evaluation  of  internal  control  over
financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing
the equivalent functions):

(a) 

(b)

June 26, 2023 

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting
which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial
information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Vickie D. Judy  
Vickie D. Judy 
Chief Financial Officer 
(Principal Financial Officer) 

78 

Exhibit 32.1 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended April 30, 2023 of America’s Car-Mart, Inc. 
(the “Company”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, 
Jeffrey A. Williams, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Vickie D. Judy, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, 
certify in our capacities as officers of the Company, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of our knowledge: 

(1) 

(2) 

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended; and 

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and 
results of operations of the Company. 

By:           /s/ Jeffrey A. Williams                                        

Jeffrey A. Williams 
Chief Executive Officer 
June 26, 2023 

By:           /s/ Vickie D. Judy                                                                                                                       

Vickie D. Judy 
Chief Financial Officer 
June 26, 2023 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
[This page intentionally left blank] 

[This page intentionally left blank] 

America’s Car-Mart, Inc.
America’s Car-Mart, Inc.
2023 Annual Report

CORPORATE INFORMATION
CORPORATE INFORMATION

Corporate Headquarters
Corporate Headquarters
80  
80

(479) 464-9944

(479) 464-9944

Annual Meeting
Annual Meeting
The annual meeting of stockholders will be held 
The annual meeting of stockholders will be held 
at America’s Car-Mart Corporate Headquarters, 
at America’s Car-Mart Corporate Headquarters, 
1805 N 2nd St, Suite 401, Rogers, Arkansas 
1805 N 2nd St, Suite 401, Rogers, Arkansas 
72756 at 10:00 a.m. Central Time on 
72756 at 10:00 a.m. Central Time on 
9
Wednesday, August 25, 2021. 
2021. 
Tuesday, August 2 ,99  2023

Transfer Agent and Registrar
Transfer Agent and Registrar
Securities Transfer Corporation
Securities Transfer Corporation
2901 N Dallas Parkway, Suite 380
2901 N Dallas Parkway, Suite 380
Plano, Texas 75093
Plano, Texas 75093

Independent Public Accountants
Independent Public Accountants
Grant Thornton, LLP
Grant Thornton, LLP
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Tulsa, Oklahoma

Board of Directors
Board of Directors
Joshua G. Welch
Joshua G. Welch
Chairman of the Board
Chairman of the Board
Managing Partner
Managing Partner
Vicuna Capital I, LP
Vicuna Capital I, LP

Jeffrey A. Williams
Jeffrey A. Williams
Chief  Executive Officer
d Chief Executive Officer
America’s Car-Mart, Inc.

America’s Car-Mart, Inc.

Ann G. Bordelon

Ann G. Bordelon
Executive
Vice
and Administration
e and Administration
University of Arkansas

University of Arkansas

Vice

Chancellor

Chancellor

for

for

Finance
Financ

Ray C. Dillon
Ray C. Dillon
Julia K. Davis
 Executive
Retired Execurive Vice President and 
Retired Chief Executive Officer
Retired Chief Executive Officer
Chief Information Officer R1RCM
Deltic Timber Corporation
Deltic Timber Corporation

Daniel J. Englander
Managing Partner, Ursula Investors

Daniel J. Englander
Managing Partner, Ursula Investors

William H. (“Hank”) Henderson
Retired Chief Executive Officer
America’s Car-Mart, Inc. 

William H. (“Hank”) Henderson
Retired Chief Executive Officer
America’s Car-Mart, Inc. 

Dawn Morris
Dawn C. Morris
Founder and Chief Executive Officer
Founder and Chief Executive Officer
Growth Partners Group, LLC
Growth Partners Group, LLC

Executive Officers
Executive Officers
Jeffrey A. Williams
Jeffrey A. Williams
Chief Executive Officer
d Chief Executive Officer

Vickie D. Judy
Chief Financial Officer

Vickie D. Judy
Chief Financial Officer

Douglas W. Campbell
President

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 in twelve states, 
America’s Car-Mart currently operates 
America’s Car-Mart currently operates 156 dealerships in twelve states,
America’s Car-Mart currently operates 
with headquarters in Rogers, Arkansas.
 in twelve states, 
America’s Car-Mart currently operates 
with headquarters in Rogers, Arkansas.
with headquarters in Rogers, Arkansas.
with headquarters in Rogers, Arkansas.

Corporate Headquarters
Corporate Headquarters
Corporate Headquarters
1805 N 2nd St, Suite 401 
Corporate Headquarters
1805 N 2nd St, Suite 401 
1805 N 2nd St, Suite 401 
Rogers, Arkansas 72756 
1805 N 2nd St, Suite 401 
Rogers, Arkansas 72756  
Rogers, Arkansas 72756 
Phone: (479) 464-9944
Rogers, Arkansas 72756 
Phone: (479) 464-9944  
Phone: (479) 464-9944
Fax: (479) 273-7556
Phone: (479) 464-9944
Fax: (479) 273-7556
Fax: (479) 273-7556
Fax: (479) 273-7556
www.car-mart.com
www.car-mart.com
www.car-mart.com
www.car-mart.com

ALABAMA (16)
Albertville
ALABAMA (16)
ALABAMA (16)
Albertville
Albertville
Anniston
ALABAMA (16)
Albertville
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ARKANSAS (38)
Arkadelphia
ARKANSAS (37)
ARKANSAS (37)
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ARKANSAS (38)
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Fayetteville (2)
Fayetteville (2)
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Evansville
INDIANA (1)
INDIANA (1)
Evansville
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INDIANA (1)
Evansville
IOWA (1)
Burlington
IOWA (1)
IOWA (1)
Burlington
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IOWA (1)
Burlington
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Columbus
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Springfield (2)
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Springfield (2)
Springfield (2)
West Plains
Springfield (2)
West Plains
West Plains
Warrensburg
West Plains
Warrensburg
Warrensburg
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OKLA  MA (30)
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Knoxville (2)a
Tullahoma
TEXAS (13)
Corsicana
TEXAS (13)
TEXAS (13)
Corsicana
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BR03062T-0723-10K