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Arcadia Biosciences

rkda · NASDAQ Basic Materials
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FY2023 Annual Report · Arcadia Biosciences
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE 
TRANSITION PERIOD FROM          TO          

Commission File Number 001-37383

Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

5950 Sherry Lane, Suite 215
Dallas, TX
(Address of principal executive offices)

81-0571538
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

75225
(Zip Code)

(214) 974-8921
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Common

Trading Symbol(s)
RKDA

Name of each exchange on which registered
NASDAQ CAPITAL MARKET

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    YES      NO  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    YES      NO  ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for 
such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  ☒    NO  
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) 
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).    YES  ☒    NO  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the 
definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Emerging growth company

☐
☒
☐

Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company

☐
☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting 
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 
404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to 
previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive 
officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    YES      NO  ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of June 30, 2023, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently 
completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $4,169,072 (based on the closing price of $3.88 on June 30, 2023 on the NASDAQ Capital Market).
As of March 21, 2024, the registrant had 1,362,840 shares of common stock outstanding, $0.001 par value per share.

Information required by Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, 
which proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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INTRODUCTION

“Arcadia,” the “Company,” "management," “we,” “our” and “us” are used interchangeably to refer to Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, which statements involve 
substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events, our future financial or operating performance, growth 
strategies, anticipated trends in our industry, and our potential opportunities, plans, and objectives. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking 
statements because they contain words such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "could," "intends," "target," "projects," 
"contemplates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," or "continue" or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that 
concern our expectations, strategy, plans, or intentions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include, but are not 
limited to, statements about:

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our or our collaborators' ability to develop commercial products that incorporate our traits and complete the regulatory process for such 
products;

our ability to earn revenues from the sale of products that incorporate our traits; 

our ability to maintain our strategic collaborations and joint ventures and enter into new arrangements; 

estimated commercial value for traits; 

market conditions for products, including competitive factors and the supply and pricing of competing products; 

compliance with laws and regulations that impact our business, and changes to such laws and regulations;

our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our intellectual property; 

our future capital requirements and our ability to satisfy our capital needs; 

industry conditions and market conditions;

the preceding and other factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and other reports we may file with the Securities and Exchange 
Commission from time to time; and 

the factors set forth in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, 
financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, 
uncertainties and other factors described in the section titled "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Moreover, we operate in a 
very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risks 
and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We cannot assure you that 
the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances 
could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We 
undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances or to reflect new information or the occurrence of 
unanticipated events, except as required by law.

 
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR FORM 10-K

PART I
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 1C.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.

PART II
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.

PART III
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.

PART IV
Item 15.
Item 16.

Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Cybersecurity
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
[Reserved]
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary

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Item 1. Business.

Overview

PART I

We are a producer and marketer of innovative, plant-based food and beverage products. Our history as a leader in science-based approaches to developing 
high value crop improvements, primarily in wheat, designed to enhance farm economics by improving the performance of crops in the field, as well as their 
value as food ingredients, has laid the foundation for our path forward. We have used non-genetically modified (“non-GMO”) advanced breeding 
techniques to develop these proprietary innovations which we are now commercializing through the sales of seed and grain, food ingredients and products, 
trait licensing and royalty agreements. The acquisition of the assets of Live Zola, LLC (“Zola”) added coconut water to our portfolio of products.

Our commercial strategy is to satisfy consumer nutrition demands with the superior functional benefits our crops deliver directly from the farm, enabling us 
to share premium economics throughout the ag-food supply chain and to build a world-class estate of high value traits and varieties. The acquisition of the 
Zola brand allows us to broaden our reach within the beverage sector.

Our Growth Strategy

We believe there are significant opportunities to grow our business by executing the following elements of our strategy:

•

•

•

Accelerate the monetization of our GoodWheat™ wheat trait portfolio. Our proprietary intellectual property ("IP") with multiple non-GMO 
wheat traits have clear functional benefits, and we will continue to build partnerships across the wheat value chain. We have launched 
GoodWheat into multiple categories where our wheat provides a compelling point-of-difference and we will continue to evaluate ways to 
extract value throughout the supply chain.

Evaluate scale M&A opportunities. We intend to evaluate potential mergers, acquisitions, and other strategic opportunities that will allow us 
to scale the GoodWheat value proposition more quickly. We believe there is a significant opportunity to integrate our wheat IP and 
GoodWheat brand into larger businesses and drive shareholder value.

Scale Zola through retail expansion. Based on our research, consumers prefer the clean, crisp taste of Zola to that of other leading coconut 
water brands. As a result, we plan to continue to invest in trial-driving activities and expand distribution of our Zola coconut water brand 
through mass market retailers and grocery store chains.

Arcadia Wellness, LLC

In May 2021, our wholly owned subsidiary Arcadia Wellness, LLC (“Arcadia Wellness” or “AW”), acquired the businesses of Eko, Lief, and Zola. The 
acquisition included Saavy Naturals™, a line of natural body care products, Soul Spring™, a CBD-infused botanical therapy brand in the natural category, 
and ProVault™, a THC-free CBD sports performance formula made with natural ingredients, providing effective support and recovery for athletes 
(collectively "body care brands"). Also included in the purchase is Zola, a coconut water sourced exclusively with sustainably grown coconuts from 
Thailand. 

On July 8, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement to license Saavy Naturals to Radiance Beauty and Wellness, Inc. ("Radiance Beauty"). 

In July 2023, management made the decision to exit the remaining body care brands, Soul Spring and ProVault, as a result of continued pressure on the 
CBD market due to regulatory uncertainty. Body care operations ceased as of September 30, 2023. 

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Our Product Portfolio

Most Americans suffer from a significant fiber deficiency. The recommended daily value of fiber is 25g for women and children, and 38g for men 
according to the May 2021 Food and Health Survey by the International Food Information Council. However, less than 10 percent of women and less than 
3 percent of men get enough fiber in their daily diets.

Our GoodWheat portfolio of better-for-you products addresses these needs as they are naturally higher in fiber and protein than traditional wheat without 
sacrificing on taste or texture.

GoodWheat™ Pasta

In June 2022, we launched our GoodWheat pasta in five varieties – penne, spaghetti, fettuccine, elbows and rotini – in select retailers nationwide and on 
Amazon. Our pasta delivers 4 times the fiber of traditional wheat pasta with 9g of protein per serving and no sacrifice on taste.  In fact, our research shows 
that GoodWheat pasta scores at parity on taste with leading wheat pasta competitors and significantly outscores market leading vegetable-based pastas.  
Made with only our USA farm grown wheat, GoodWheat pasta meets consumers’ preference for clean labels and transparent sourcing.  And, in December 
of 2022, GoodWheat received the American Heart Association’s Heart-Check mark on all of our pasta products.  With its high fiber, lower sodium and zero 
saturated fat, GoodWheat meets the criteria for a heart-healthy pasta and provides consumers with a better-for-you option that delivers superior nutrition 
with the taste and texture of traditional pasta.

GoodWheat™ Pancakes and Waffle Mixes

In August 2023, we launched our GoodWheat into the breakfast category with new, better-for-you pancake and waffle mixes as well as single-serve 
Quikcakes™. Our new mixes are made with simple ingredients and Arcadia’s proprietary wheat grain, which is naturally higher in fiber and protein than 
traditional wheat. GoodWheat pancake and waffle mixes are sold in resealable, multi-serve pouches, with each serving delivering 8 times the fiber of 
traditional pancake mix and 5 grams of protein. Our multi-serve mixes will be available in 3 classic varieties, including Buttermilk, Chocolate Chocolate 
Chip and Apple Cinnamon. GoodWheat Quikcakes are an innovative, single-serve instant pancake that is a great option for busy mornings – you simply 
pour one packet into a bowl, add water and microwave for 90 seconds. Quikcakes have 11 times the fiber of traditional single-serve pancake mixes and 
contain 7 grams of protein per serving. Quikcakes are available in 3 flavors, including Buttermilk, Chocolate Chocolate Chip and Confetti.

GoodWheat™ Mac and Cheese

In November 2023, we announced the third GoodWheat category, Mac and Cheese. Our Mac and Cheese is made with real cheese and contains no artificial 
flavors, dyes or preservatives and are available in three varieties: Classic Cheddar, White Cheddar and Three Cheese. GoodWheat Mac and Cheese packs in 
the most fiber of any brand in the category, 4 times more than the leading brand. In fact, one serving of GoodWheat Mac and Cheese has the same fiber as 
two servings of oatmeal, or two and a half servings of broccoli! And, just like our pasta and pancake mixes, GoodWheat Mac and Cheese is higher in 
protein than the leading brand, with 12 grams of protein per serving. 

Zola Coconut Water

Zola is a pure, natural, 100% coconut water with a crisp, clean taste that’s lightly sweet and refreshing. Naturally hydrating and never from concentrate, 
Zola is Non-GMO Project Verified and only contains 60 calories per serving. In taste tests, Zola beats competitors 2 to 1 and is the best-tasting way to 
rehydrate, reset and reenergize.

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GoodWheat™ Wheat Traits

Enhanced Quality Grains

The GoodWheat brand also encompasses our current and future non-GMO wheat portfolio of high fiber Resistant Starch ("RS"), Reduced Gluten ("RG") 
wheat varieties, and extended shelf life wheat, as well as future wheat innovations. We now hold 24 global patents on our high fiber RS wheat, protecting 
both bread wheat and durum (pasta) wheat. Claims granted recently strengthen our IP for our RS portfolio of products.

Our GoodWheat™ wheat traits redesign wheat as a functional food adding value to the wheat supply chain by enabling a wider range of choices to meet 
consumer demands. One such program generated multiple bread wheat and pasta wheat lines with very high levels of amylose, leading to increased levels 
of resistant starch. Resistant starch increases the total dietary fiber content of wheat and reduces its glycemic index, which are both desirable nutritional 
qualities that are important in the management of diabetes and healthy blood glucose levels. High fiber resistant starch wheat can deliver fiber and other 
benefits to refined white flour products and also whole grain food products. We believe improving the fiber content of wheat can deliver improved health 
benefits to a wide population.

High Fiber RS Wheat

Our high fiber RS wheat provides a source of wheat with inherently high levels of resistant starch, increasing the total dietary fiber content of food products 
without the need for fiber additives from other sources. Currently, corn resistant starch is a product in two market segments: dietary fiber additives and 
modified starch additives. Major growth in these markets is being driven by the convenience health food sector and functional food sector. Flour from our 
RS wheat lines has resistant starch levels that are 12 to 20 times higher than the control wheat, and total dietary fiber, or TDF, which is more than eight 
times higher than the control. RS wheat flour has been tested in applications in bread, where loaf quality was comparable to bread made with conventional 
wheat flour, and pasta, where it had the highest consumer preference rankings in tests carried out by a major consumer products company.

RS wheat bread flour is currently being introduced to North American bakery and consumer packaged goods ("CPG") companies by our partners, Bay 
State Milling.  In markets outside North America, RS wheat is currently being tested in a range of additional bakery, ready-to-eat cereals and pasta products 
with industrial partners. We have many RS wheat lines that are being evaluated for optimal quality and agronomic characteristics.

RG Wheat

Many consumers are interested in reducing levels of gluten in their diet. Critically, for some, this is due to having Celiac disease ("CD"), an autoimmune 
disease that impacts many people worldwide with estimates from 1% of the population in Europe to 3.5% in Mexico. Furthermore, non-celiac gluten 
sensitivity ("NCGS") impacts an estimated additional 6% of the population. Both CD and NCGS are characterized by sensitivity to dietary gluten. The only 
effective treatment of CD and NCGS requires removal of gluten sources from the diet. Since required adherence to a gluten-free diet is extremely difficult 
to accomplish for average consumers, efforts to develop alternative approaches are needed.

Arcadia is continuing to advance a new wheat variety with reduced gluten levels. Our proprietary, non-GMO wheat variety developed using advanced 
screening and plant breeding techniques have reduced allergenic glutens and increased essential amino acids such as lysine, along with all the other health 
benefits of high protein wheat.  Importantly, this variety also delivers impressively high fiber content at approximately 14 grams per serving compared to 2-
3 grams per serving of traditional wheat, providing additional value to health-conscious consumers as well as optionality as we advance the 
commercialization of this project. We are breeding the trait into additional commercial wheat varieties and working with food processors to give people a 
choice to enjoy higher quality wheat in the products they love while reducing gluten in their diet.

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Improved Shelf Life of Whole Grain Flour

The United States Department of Agriculture recommends that “at least one serving of grains per day must be whole grain-rich” due to evidence that a diet 
containing whole grains provides a multitude of benefits, including lower risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type-2 diabetes. Despite these health 
benefits, consumption of whole grain products is negatively affected by the bitter and rancid flavors and odors that accumulate in whole wheat flour after 
milling. Our improved stability and flavor wheat lines greatly reduced the production of rancid and bitter compounds in milled whole grain flour as it 
progresses through the supply chain. Whole wheat flour from these lines is being tested further for sensory characteristics and improved shelf-life stability. 
This new trait could help improve the shelf life and flavor profile of whole grain products, thus reducing formulation costs and increasing consumer 
preference and palatability for whole grains.

Product Development

With our food and beverage products now entering the market, we are firmly in the commercialization phase of our corporate lifecycle. We are de-
emphasizing new trait discovery research and development (“R&D”) and are increasing our focus on food-science innovation to fully leverage the value in 
our existing superior wheat genetics. We are evolving our organizational capabilities to match this strategy progression to include in-house food 
formulation and CPG supply chain expertise.

Food Formulation Innovation. We will expand the application of our innovation platform to build on our pipeline of products focused on health and 
wellness. Our innovation team is focused on using science-based solutions to leverage our wheat varieties to develop an array of food products and 
wellness ingredients. Because we are innovating directly from our own well-established plant technology traits, we expect this extension of our 
involvement will provide more meaningful improvements.

Field Trials and Breeder & Foundation Seed Production. Our trait evaluation and development staff conducts field operations for both trials and production 
in American Falls, Idaho, and oversee production in other areas of the country, as needed. Similarly, regulatory trials may be needed to develop data for use 
in submissions for regulatory review and may involve plant varieties developed by our collaborators or our own grain quality programs.

Biological Materials Inventory and Tracking. Our proprietary Pedigree and Inventory Management System, or PIMS, tracks the genetic, phenotypic and 
location information for all our plant materials. The performance of our plant materials is recorded through a variety of laboratory and field observations, 
and the data are stored within PIMS. The location of all plant materials is tracked throughout the plant life cycle. This includes specific seeds planted 
within a specific plot of a specific field trial, harvest, seed storage location and use by, or distribution of plant material to, our collaborators or elsewhere. 
We ensure all of our plant materials are accounted for, tracked and inventoried, which enables us to maintain direct control and proper documentation.

Intellectual Property

We rely on patents and other proprietary right protections, including trade secrets and contractual protection of our proprietary know-how and confidential 
information, to preserve our competitive position.

As of December 31, 2023, we owned or exclusively controlled 73 issued patents, 38 pending patent applications worldwide, and 6 plant variety protection 
certificates. These totals reflect the following: (i) with respect to the U.S. territory, we owned 24 and exclusively in-licensed 2 U.S. issued patents, and we 
owned 6 U.S. patent applications and 6 plant variety protection certificates relating to our plants, trait technologies, and business methods; and (ii) in 
connection with foreign territories, we owned 29 and exclusively in-licensed 18 foreign issued patents, and owned 32 pending foreign patent applications. 
As of December 31, 2023, our GoodWheat® portfolio included 15 U.S. issued patents, 6 U.S. patent applications, 1 plant variety certificate, 27 foreign 
issued patents and 26 foreign patent applications. With respect to all of the foregoing patent and plant protection assets, our exclusive licenses afford us 
control over the prosecution and maintenance of the licensed patents and patent applications. These numbers do not include in-licensed patents for which 
we either do not have exclusive rights (such as certain enabling technology 

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licenses), or for which we have exclusive rights only in a limited field of use or do not control prosecution and maintenance of the licensed patents. 

As of December 31, 2023, Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. and Arcadia Wellness, LLC each had 12 registered trademarks in the United States. Arcadia 
Biosciences, Inc. also had nine registered trademarks in various other countries.

Key Collaborations

We have established numerous trait collaborations and have developed close relationships with industry-leading seed and consumer product companies. 
Our partnerships with global strategic seed and consumer product players enable us to further participate in the development and commercialization of 
innovative products that promise to play significant roles in improving global crop efficiency and enhancing human health. We believe that the expertise 
and opportunities created by these collaborations represent important assets to our business. Below is a summary of selected collaborative partnerships that 
we view as key to the achievement of our near-term and mid-term business objectives.

Corteva Agriscience

In 2017, we entered into a strategic collaboration with Corteva Agriscience to jointly develop and commercialize a breakthrough improved wheat quality 
trait in North America. The collaboration leverages our TILLING platform with Corteva Agriscience’s enabling technology platforms, high-quality elite 
germplasm and global commercial channels.

Under the collaboration, the companies will further develop and commercialize an improved wheat quality trait, which has completed initial field trials and 
is advancing to next-stage field trials. Corteva Agriscience will introgress Arcadia’s trait into its proprietary elite germplasm lines and manage all aspects 
related to the trait commercialization. Certain development costs will be co-funded, and we will share in the commercial value resulting from products 
produced.

Arista Cereal Seeds Pty Ltd and Bay State Milling Company

In 2019, we entered into an agreement with Arista and Bay State Milling ("BSM").  Under the agreement, BSM is the exclusive commercial partner for our 
high fiber resistant starch bread wheat in North America under its HealthSense™ brand portfolio, while Arista has exclusive rights under our high fiber 
resistant starch bread wheat intellectual property in certain geographies, including Australia and Europe.  We will continue to market our high fiber wheat 
under our GoodWheat portfolio of specialty wheat ingredients in other international markets.

Competition

The markets for consumer goods are highly competitive, and we face significant direct and indirect competition in several aspects of our business. We 
compete with both large, established manufacturers, as well as small, innovative producers of pasta and beverage products. There are several companies 
working to improve genetics in crops, such as wheat, that may compete with the trait used in our GoodWheat products.

In general, we believe that our competitors generally fall into the following categories:

•

•

Companies Selling Consumer Products in Similar Categories: As we enter retail markets with our GoodWheat products, we believe we face 
significant competition from a variety of consumer-packaged goods companies. Our competitors in the pasta market range from companies 
like Banza and Ancient Harvest who offer high-nutrition pasta alternatives to large, traditional pasta producers including Barilla and De 
Cecco. In pancakes, competitors include Kodiak, Birch Benders, and Pearl Milling Company. Finally, in mac and cheese, we face 
competition from brands such as Kraft, Annie’s and Goodles.

Specialty health and nutrition ingredient companies: In response to the growing consumer demand for healthier food alternatives, a number 
of agricultural and food-based companies are augmenting their product and market strategies to bring new quality food ingredients to market. 
Cibus, Inc. is an 

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agriculture biotechnology company that has a similar strategy to ours to create healthier specialty food ingredients and agriculturally 
advantageous food crops.

•

Coconut water: The beverage industry is competitive. Competitors in this market compete for brand recognition, ingredient sourcing, product 
shelf space, and e-commerce page rankings. Our competitors have similar distribution channels and retailers to deliver and sell their products. 
Competitors in this space include Vita Coco, ZICO, C20 and Harmless Harvest.

Employees

As of December 31, 2023, we had 21 employees with 14 in management, operations, accounting/finance, legal and administration. We believe our 
employee relations to be good. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or collective bargaining agreement.

Diversity and Inclusion

At Arcadia, we recognize the immense benefits that a diverse team brings to our organization, including delivering better business outcomes. Our talented 
people leverage their diverse backgrounds and skills toward a common goal: meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future 
generations to do the same. This spirit of inclusive collaboration can be felt throughout our Company. Our commitment to diversity begins at the highest 
levels of our organization, as evidenced by the fact that 43% of our Board of Directors are women. From a management perspective, 50% of our CEO's 
direct reports are women, racially or ethnically diverse, which we believe sets the right tone and expectation for diversity and inclusion within the 
Company. More broadly, 52% of our employees are women.

Facilities

Our corporate headquarters are located in Dallas, Texas with additional office space in Davis and Sacramento, California and additional facilities in 
American Falls, Idaho.  We believe that our leased facilities are adequate to meet our current needs and that, if needed, suitable additional or alternative 
space will be available to accommodate our operations.

Available Information

Our  website  address  is  www.arcadiabio.com.  Our  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K,  quarterly  reports  on  Form  10-Q,  current  reports  on  Form  8-K,  any 
amendments to those reports, proxy and registration statements filed or furnished with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, are available free 
of charge through our website. We make these materials available through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such 
materials with, or furnish such materials to, the SEC. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this Report.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors.

You should carefully consider the following risk factors, in addition to the other information contained in this report on Form 10-K, including the section of 
this report titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our financial statements and related 
notes. If any of the events described in the following risk factors and the risks described elsewhere in this report occurs, our business, operating results and 
financial condition could be seriously harmed. This report on Form 10-K also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. 
Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of factors that are described below and 
elsewhere in this report.

Risks Related to Our Business

Unfavorable global economic or political conditions could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our results of operations could be adversely affected by general conditions in the global economy and in the global financial markets. A global financial 
crisis or a global or regional political disruption could cause extreme volatility in the capital and credit markets. Outbreaks of epidemic, pandemic, or 
contagious diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, could disrupt our business resulting in a loss of productivity from our employees working remotely. 
In addition, the US financial markets have been negatively impacted by the rise of inflation and interest rates, increasing the potential for a local and/or 
global economic recession that could disrupt our business. A political disruption could also strain our manufacturers or suppliers, possibly resulting in 
supply disruption, or cause our customers to delay making payments for our services. Any of the foregoing could harm our business and we cannot 
anticipate all of the ways in which the political or economic climate and financial market conditions could adversely impact our business.

We or our partners may not be successful in developing commercial products that incorporate our traits and for which there is consumer demand.

Our future growth depends on our ability to monetize the trait assets we’ve created by bringing products to market that incorporate our technology, as well 
as licensing these traits to our collaborators to develop and commercialize seeds and products that contain our traits. The development process could take 
longer than we anticipate or could ultimately fail to achieve commercial success for any of the following reasons, including but not limited to: non-
competitive pricing, ineffective advertising and marketing campaigns, increased competition, failure to align with consumer tastes and lack of brand 
acceptance.

If products containing our traits are never commercialized or are not well-received in the marketplace, our ability to generate revenues and become 
profitable, as well as our long-term growth strategy, would be materially and adversely affected. Even if we or our collaborators are able to develop 
commercial products that incorporate our traits, any such products may not achieve commercial success as quickly as we project, or at all.

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We have a history of significant losses, which we expect to continue, and we may never achieve or maintain profitability.

We have incurred significant net losses since our formation in 2002 and expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. We incurred net 
losses of $14.0 million and $15.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, we had an accumulated 
deficit of $271.8 million. Net cash used in operations was $15.3 million and $14.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 
We expect to continue to incur losses. In addition, we may find our development and commercialization efforts are more expensive than we anticipate or 
that they do not generate revenues in the amounts or in the time period we anticipate, which would further increase our losses. If we are unable to 
adequately control the costs associated with operating our business, including costs of development and commercialization of our traits, our business, 
financial condition, operating results, and prospects will suffer.

We may require additional financing and may not be able to obtain such financing on favorable terms, if at all, which could force us to delay, reduce, 
or eliminate our research and development activities.

We will continue to need capital to fund our development projects, the commercialization of our products, and to provide working capital to fund other 
aspects of our business. If our capital resources are insufficient to meet our capital requirements, we will have to raise additional funds. If future financings 
involve the issuance of equity securities, our existing stockholders would suffer dilution. If we are able to raise debt financing, we may be subject to 
restrictive covenants that limit our operating flexibility. We may not be able to raise sufficient additional funds on terms that are favorable to us, if at all. If 
we fail to raise sufficient funds and continue to incur losses, our ability to fund our operations, take advantage of strategic opportunities, develop and 
commercialize products or technologies, or otherwise respond to competitive pressures could be significantly limited. If this happens, we may be forced to 
delay or terminate research and development programs or the commercialization of products or curtail operations. If adequate funds are not available, we 
will not be able to successfully execute on our business strategy or continue our business.

Our gross profit margins on our consumer products may be impacted by a variety of factors, including but not limited to variations in raw materials 
and packaging, freight costs, pricing, customer requirements, market acceptance rate and promotional support costs.

We expect that our gross profit as a percentage of net sales could fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including product pricing, retail discounts, and 
the availability and cost of ingredients and packaging. In addition, our gross profit margin may be impacted by shifts in the overall mix of products having 
a higher or lower profit margin. If we are not able to increase our selling prices or reduce product sizes sufficiently, or in a timely manner, to offset 
increased raw material, packaging, or other input costs, or if our sales volume decreases significantly, there could be a negative impact on our financial 
condition and results of operations. Should the rate of market acceptance of our products be slower than anticipated, we may incur additional expense by 
increasing promotional activities.

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Competition is intense and requires continuous technological development, and, if we are unable to compete effectively, our financial results will 
suffer.

We face significant competition in the markets in which we operate. The markets for pasta, pancake mix, mac and cheese, and coconut water products are 
intensely competitive and rapidly changing. In most segments of the seed and agricultural biotechnology market, the number of products available to 
consumers is steadily increasing as new products are introduced. At the same time, the expiration of patents covering existing products reduces the barriers 
to entry for competitors. We may be unable to compete successfully against our current and future competitors, which may result in price reductions, 
reduced margins and the inability to achieve market acceptance for products containing our traits. In addition, several of our competitors have substantially 
greater financial, marketing, sales, distribution, research and development, and technical resources than us, and some of our collaborators have more 
experience in research and development, regulatory matters, manufacturing, and marketing. We anticipate increased competition in the future as new 
companies enter the market and new technologies become available. Our technologies may be rendered obsolete or uneconomical by technological 
advances or entirely different approaches developed by one or more of our competitors, which will prevent or limit our ability to generate revenues from 
the commercialization of our traits being developed.

We may seek to expand through acquisitions of and investments in other brands, businesses, and assets. These acquisition activities may be 
unsuccessful or divert management’s attention.

We may consider strategic and complementary acquisitions of and investments in other agricultural biotechnology and consumer brands, businesses or 
other assets, and such acquisitions or investments are subject to risks that could affect our business, including risks related to:

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the necessity of coordinating geographically disparate organizations;

implementing common systems and controls;

integrating personnel with diverse business and cultural backgrounds;

integrating acquired manufacturing and production facilities, technology and products;

combining different corporate cultures and legal systems;

unanticipated expenses related to integration, including technical and operational integration;

increased costs and unanticipated liabilities, including with respect to registration, environmental, health and safety matters, that may affect 
sales and operating results;

retaining key employees;

obtaining required government and third-party approvals;

legal limitations in new jurisdictions;

installing effective internal controls and audit procedures;

issuing common stock that could dilute the interests of our existing stockholders;

spending cash and incurring debt;

assuming contingent liabilities; and

creating additional expenses.

We may not be able to identify opportunities or complete transactions on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or actually realize any anticipated 
benefits from such acquisitions or investments. Similarly, we may not be able to obtain financing for acquisitions or investments on attractive terms. In 
addition, the success of any acquisitions or investments also will depend, in part, on our ability to integrate the acquisition or investment with our existing 
operations.

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We rely on third parties to conduct, monitor, support, and oversee field trials and commercial production and, in some cases, to maintain regulatory 
files for those products in development, and any performance issues by third parties, or our inability to engage third parties on acceptable terms, may 
impact our or our collaborators’ ability to complete the regulatory process for or commercialize such products. 

We rely on third parties, including farmers, to conduct, monitor, support, and oversee field trials and commercial production. As a result, we have less 
control over the timing and cost of these activities than if we conducted them with our own personnel. If we are unable to maintain or enter into agreements 
with these third parties on acceptable terms, or if any such engagement is terminated prematurely, we may be unable to conduct and complete our trials and 
commercial production in the manner we anticipate. In addition, there is no guarantee that these third parties will devote adequate time and resources to our 
activities or perform as required by our contract or in accordance with regulatory requirements, including maintenance of field trial or production 
information. If these third parties fail to meet expected deadlines, fail to transfer to us any regulatory or other information in a timely manner, fail to adhere 
to protocols, or fail to act in accordance with regulatory requirements or our agreements with them, or if they otherwise perform in a substandard manner or 
in a way that compromises the quality or accuracy of their activities or the data they obtain, then field trials and commercial production of our products in 
development may be extended or delayed with additional costs incurred, or our data may be rejected by the United States Department of Agriculture, Food 
and Drug Administration ("FDA"), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or other regulatory agencies. Ultimately, we are responsible for ensuring that 
each of our field trials and commercial production is conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards, and 
our reliance on third parties does not relieve us of our responsibilities.

If our relationship with any of these third parties is terminated, we may be unable to enter into arrangements with alternative parties on commercially 
reasonable terms, or at all. Switching or adding growers or other suppliers can involve substantial cost and require extensive management time and focus. 
In addition, there is a natural transition period when a new farmer or other third party commences work. As a result, delays may occur, which can 
materially impact our ability to meet our desired development or commercial timelines. If we are required to seek alternative supply arrangements, the 
resulting delays and potential inability to find a suitable replacement could materially and adversely impact our business.

Most of our collaborators have significant resources and development capabilities and may develop their own products that compete with or negatively 
impact the advancement or sale of products containing our traits.

Most of our collaborators are significantly larger than us and may have substantially greater resources and development capabilities. As a result, we are 
subject to competition from many of our collaborators, who could develop or pursue competing products and traits that may ultimately prove more 
commercially viable than our traits. In addition, former collaborators, by virtue of having had access to our proprietary technology, may utilize this insight 
for their own development efforts, despite the fact that our collaboration agreements prohibit such use. The development or launch of a competing product 
by a collaborator may adversely affect the advancement and commercialization of any traits we develop and any associated research and development and 
milestone payments and value-sharing payments we receive from the sale of products containing our traits.

We depend on our key personnel and, if we are not able to attract and retain qualified technical and business personnel, we may not be able to grow 
our business or develop and commercialize our products.

Our future performance depends on the continued services and contributions of our management team and other key employees, the loss of whose services 
might significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our technical or business objectives. The replacement of any member of our management team 
involves significant time and costs and such loss could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives. A member of our 
leadership team who has been our employee for many years and therefore, has significant experience and understanding of our business, would be difficult 
to replace.

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Additionally, the majority of our workforce is involved in development and commercial activities. Our business is therefore dependent on our ability to 
recruit and maintain a highly skilled and educated workforce with expertise in a range of disciplines, including food innovation, supply chain management, 
agribusiness, marketing, and other subjects relevant to our operations. All of our current employees are at-will employees, and the failure to retain or hire 
skilled and highly educated personnel could limit our growth and hinder our research and development efforts.

Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, flood, crop losses, epidemics, and other catastrophic natural events, and security breaches, 
including cybersecurity incidents.

Our crops are vulnerable to adverse weather conditions, including windstorms, floods, drought and temperature extremes, which are common but difficult 
to predict. In addition, the crops are vulnerable to crop disease and to pests, which may vary in severity and effect, depending on the stage of production at 
the time of infection or infestation, the type of treatment applied and climatic conditions. Unfavorable growing conditions can reduce both crop size and 
quality. Weather conditions, disease or pest infestation could damage the crop in spite of precautions we would normally take to avoid such losses. We take 
precautions to safeguard our facilities, including insurance, health and safety protocols, and off-site storage of critical research results and computer data. 
However, a natural disaster, such as a fire, flood, or earthquake, could cause substantial delays in our operations, damage or destroy our equipment, 
inventory, or development projects, and cause us to incur additional expenses. The insurance we maintain against natural disasters may not be adequate to 
cover our losses in any particular case.

We utilize and critically rely upon information technology systems in all aspects of our business, including increasingly large amounts of data to support 
our products and advance our research and development. Failure to effectively prevent, detect, and recover from the increasing number and sophistication 
of information security threats could result in theft, misuse, modification, and destruction of information, including trade secrets and confidential business 
information, and cause business disruptions, delays in research and development, and reputational damage, which could significantly affect our results of 
operations and financial condition.

Our use of hazardous materials exposes us to potential liabilities.

Certain of our operations involve the storage and controlled use of hazardous materials, including laboratory chemicals, herbicides, and pesticides. This 
requires us to conduct our operations in compliance with applicable environmental and safety standards, and we cannot completely eliminate the risk of 
accidental contamination from hazardous materials. In the event of such contamination, we may be held liable for significant damages or fines, which could 
have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

Most of the licenses we grant to our collaborators to use our proprietary genes in certain crops are exclusive within certain jurisdictions, which limits 
our licensing opportunities.

Most of the licenses we grant our collaborators to use our proprietary genes in certain crops are exclusive within specified jurisdictions, so long as our 
collaborators comply with certain diligence requirements. This means that once genes are licensed to a collaborator in a specified crop or crops, we are 
generally prohibited from licensing those genes to any third party. The limitations imposed by these exclusive licenses could prevent us from expanding our 
business and increasing our product development initiatives with new collaborators, both of which could adversely affect our business and results of 
operations.

Our commercial success depends on our ability to protect our intellectual property and our proprietary technologies and on the ability to operate 
without infringing the patents and other proprietary rights of third parties.

Our success will depend in part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection both in the United States and in other countries for any products we 
successfully develop. The patents and patent applications in our patent portfolio are either owned by us, exclusively licensed to us, or co-owned by us and 
others and exclusively licensed to us. Our ability to protect any products we successfully develop from unauthorized or infringing use by third parties 
depends substantially on our ability to obtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents. Due to evolving legal standards relating to the patentability, 
validity and enforceability of patents covering biotechnology inventions 

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and the scope of claims made under these patents, our ability to obtain and enforce patents is uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions. 
Accordingly, rights under any issued patents may not provide us with sufficient protection for any products we successfully develop or provide sufficient 
protection to afford us a commercial advantage against our competitors or their competitive products or processes. In addition, we cannot guarantee that 
any patents will be issued from any pending or future patent applications owned by or licensed to us. Even if patents have been issued or will be issued, we 
cannot guarantee that the claims of these patents are, or will be, valid or enforceable, or provide us with any significant protection against competitive 
products or otherwise be commercially valuable to us.

The U.S. Congress passed the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the America Invents Act, which was signed into law in September 2011. The America 
Invents Act reforms U.S. patent law in part by changing the standard for patent approval from a “first to invent” standard to a “first inventor to file” 
standard and developing a post-grant review system. This new legislation affects U.S. patent law in a manner that may impact our ability to obtain or 
maintain patent protection for current or future inventions in the U.S. or otherwise cause uncertainty as to our patent protection.

We may not have identified all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business, either by blocking our ability to 
commercialize our traits, by preventing the patentability of our traits by us, our licensors or co-owners, or by covering the same or similar technologies that 
may invalidate our patents, limiting the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affecting our ability to market our products. For example, patent 
applications are maintained in confidence for at least 18 months after their filing. In some cases, patent applications remain confidential in the United States 
Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) for the entire time prior to issuance of a U.S. patent. Patent applications filed in countries outside the United 
States are not typically published until at least 18 months from their first filing date. Similarly, publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature 
often lags behind actual discoveries. Therefore, we cannot be certain that we or our licensors or co-owners were the first to invent, or the first inventors to 
file, patent applications on our processes, products or their uses. In the event that another party has filed a U.S. patent application covering the same 
invention as one of our patent applications or patents, we may have to participate in an adversarial proceeding, known as an interference, declared by the 
USPTO to determine priority of invention in the United States. 

If we or one of our collaborators are sued for infringing the intellectual property rights of a third party, such litigation could be costly and time 
consuming and could prevent us or our collaborators from developing or commercializing our products.

Our ability to generate significant revenues from our products depends on our and our collaborators’ ability to develop, market and sell our products and 
utilize our proprietary technology without infringing the intellectual property and other rights of any third parties. In the United States and abroad there are 
numerous third-party patents and patent applications that may be applied toward our proprietary technology, business processes, or developed traits, some 
of which may be construed as containing claims that cover the subject matter of our products or intellectual property. Because of the rapid pace of 
technological change, the confidentiality of patent applications in some jurisdictions (including U.S. provisional patent applications), and the fact that 
patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending applications that are unknown to us that may later result in issued patents 
upon which our products in development or proprietary technologies infringe. Similarly, there may be issued patents relevant to our products in 
development of which we are not aware. These patents could reduce the value of the traits we develop or the plants containing our traits or, to the extent 
they cover key technologies on which we have unknowingly relied, require that we seek to obtain licenses or cease using the technology, no matter how 
valuable to our business. We may not be able to obtain such a license on commercially reasonable terms. If any third-party patent or patent application 
covers our intellectual property or proprietary rights and we are not able to obtain a license to it, we and our collaborators may be prevented from 
commercializing products containing our traits.

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As the agricultural biotechnology industry continues to develop, we may become party to, or threatened with, litigation or other adverse proceedings 
regarding intellectual property or proprietary rights in our technology, processes, or developed traits. Third parties may assert claims based on existing or 
future intellectual property rights and the outcome of any proceedings is subject to uncertainties that cannot be adequately quantified in advance. Any 
litigation proceedings could be costly and time consuming, and negative outcomes could result in liability for monetary damages, including treble damages 
and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed a patent. There is also no guarantee that we would be able to obtain a license under such 
infringed intellectual property on commercially reasonable terms or at all. A finding of infringement could prevent us or our collaborators from developing, 
marketing or selling a product or force us to cease some or all of our business operations. Even if we are successful in these proceedings, we may incur 
substantial costs and the time and attention of our management and scientific personnel may be diverted as a result of these proceedings, which could have 
a material adverse effect on us. Claims that we have misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of third parties could similarly have a 
negative impact on our business.

Our success will depend in part on our ability to uphold and enforce patents or patent applications owned or co-owned by us or licensed to us, which cover 
products we successfully develop. Proceedings involving our patents or patent applications could result in adverse decisions regarding:

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ownership of patents and patent applications;

rights concerning licenses;

the patentability of our inventions relating to our products; and/or

the enforceability, validity or scope of protection offered by our patents relating to our products.

Even if we are successful in these proceedings, we may incur substantial costs and divert management’s time and attention in pursuing these proceedings, 
which could have a material adverse effect on us.

We are subject to governmental export and import controls that could impair our ability to compete in international markets due to licensing 
requirements and subject us to liability if we are not in compliance with applicable laws.

Our products and products in development are subject to export control and import laws and regulations, including the U.S. Export Administration 
Regulations, U.S. Customs regulations, and various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of 
Foreign Assets Controls. Exports of our products and technology must be made in compliance with these laws and regulations. If we fail to comply with 
these laws and regulations, we and certain of our employees could be subject to substantial civil or criminal penalties, including the possible loss of export 
or import privileges; fines, which may be imposed on us and responsible employees or managers; and, in extreme cases, the incarceration of responsible 
employees or managers.

In addition, changes in our products or solutions or changes in applicable export or import laws and regulations may create delays in the introduction and 
sale of our products and solutions in international markets, prevent our customers from deploying our products and solutions or, in some cases, prevent the 
export or import of our products and solutions to certain countries, governments or persons altogether. Any change in export or import laws and 
regulations, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing laws and regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons or technologies targeted by 
such laws and regulations, could also result in decreased use of our products and solutions, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products and 
solutions to existing or potential customers. Any decreased use of our products and solutions or limitation on our ability to export or sell our products and 
solutions would likely adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Adverse outcomes in future legal proceedings could subject us to substantial damages and adversely affect our results of operations and profitability.

We may become party to legal proceedings, including matters involving personnel and employment issues, personal injury, environmental matters, and 
other proceedings. Some of these potential proceedings could result in substantial damages or payment awards that exceed our insurance coverage. We will 
estimate our exposure to any future legal proceedings and establish provisions for the estimated liabilities where it is reasonably possible to estimate and 

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where an adverse outcome is probable. Assessing and predicting the outcome of these matters will involve substantial uncertainties. Furthermore, even if 
the outcome is ultimately in our favor, our costs associated with such litigation may be material. Adverse outcomes in future legal proceedings or the costs 
and expenses associated therewith could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

We may be required to pay substantial damages as a result of product liability claims for which insurance coverage is not available.

We are subject to product liability claims with respect to our products. Product liability claims against us or our collaborators selling our products could 
damage our reputation, harm our relationships with our collaborators, and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial 
condition, and prospects. Furthermore, while our collaboration agreements typically require that our collaborators indemnify us for the cost of product 
liability claims brought against us as a result of our collaborator’s misconduct, such indemnification provisions may not always be enforced, and we may 
receive no indemnification if our own misconduct contributed to the claims.

As a result of being a public company, we are obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting. We may 
not complete our analysis of our internal control over financial reporting in a timely manner, or these internal controls may not be determined to be 
effective, which may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

Pursuant to Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“the Act”) and the related rules adopted by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting 
Oversight Board, starting with the second annual report that we filed with the SEC after the consummation of our public offering, our management is 
required to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Section 404(b) of the Act requires that our independent registered 
public accounting firm will also need to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting if we qualify as an accelerated filer or a 
large accelerated filer.

We are continuously improving our internal control environment. As a result, we may experience higher than anticipated operating expenses, as well as 
higher auditor fees during and after the implementation of these changes. If we are unable to implement any of the required changes to our internal control 
over financial reporting effectively or efficiently or are required to do so earlier than anticipated, it could adversely affect our operations, financial 
reporting, and results of operations and could result in an adverse opinion on internal controls from our independent registered public accounting firm.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.

Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to 
limitations on its ability to utilize its NOLs to offset future taxable income. A significant portion of our existing NOLs are limited due to known ownership 
changes under IRC Section 382 that we experienced as a result of the common stock we issued in connection with equity financings in December 2020 and 
January 2021. Changes in our stock ownership since 2021 or in the future, which could be outside of our control, could result in an ownership change under 
Section 382 of the Code. If we undergo an ownership change, our ability to utilize NOLs could be further limited by Section 382 of the Code. Furthermore, 
our ability to utilize NOLs of companies that we may acquire in the future may be subject to limitations. There is also a risk that, due to regulatory changes, 
such as suspensions on the use of NOLs, or other unforeseen reasons, our existing NOLs could expire or otherwise be unavailable to offset future income 
tax liabilities. For these reasons, we may not be able to realize a tax benefit from the use of our NOLs, whether or not we experience profitability.

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Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the possibility that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our 
common stock.  

Future sales in the public market of our common stock, or shares issued upon exercise of our outstanding stock options or warrants, or the perception by the 
market that these issuances or sales could occur, could lower the market price of our common stock or make it difficult for us to raise additional capital. 
Our stockholders may experience substantial dilution and a reduction in the price that they are able to obtain upon the sale of their shares.  As of December 
31, 2023, we had 1,285,337 shares of common stock outstanding, substantially all of which we believe may be sold publicly, subject in some cases to 
volume and other limitations, provisions or limitations in registration rights agreements, or prospectus-delivery or other requirements relating to the 
effectiveness and use of registration statements registering the resale of such shares.  As of December 31, 2023, we had 41,735 shares of our common stock 
issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options under our equity incentive plans at a weighted-average exercise price of $139.82 per share and we 
had outstanding warrants and preferred investment options to purchase 1,831,909 shares of common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $24.63 
per share. Subject to applicable vesting requirements, upon exercise of these options or warrants, the underlying shares may be resold into the public 
market, subject in some cases to volume and other limitations or prospectus delivery requirements pursuant to registration statements registering the resale 
of such shares. In the case of outstanding options and warrants that have exercise prices that are below the market price of our common stock from time to 
time, our stockholders would experience dilution upon the exercise of these options and warrants.

Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

The market price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile. After making adjustments for the impact of reverse stock splits, since 
shares of our common stock were sold in our initial public offering in May 2015 at a price of $6,400.00 per share, our stock price has ranged from $2.65 to 
$6,984.00, through December 31, 2023. The market price of our common stock is subject to wide fluctuations in response to various risk factors, some of 
which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance, including:

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addition or loss of significant customers, collaborators or distributors;

changes in laws or regulations applicable to our industry or traits;

additions or departures of key personnel;

the failure of securities analysts to cover our common stock after an offering;

actual or anticipated changes in expectations regarding our performance by investors or securities analysts;

price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market;

volatility in the market price and trading volume of companies in our industry or companies that investors consider comparable;

share price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading volume levels of our shares;

our ability to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights;

sales of our common stock by us or our stockholders;

the expiration of contractual lock-up agreements;

litigation involving us, our industry, or both;

major catastrophic events; and

general economic and market conditions and trends.

Further, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity 
securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or 

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disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political, and 
market conditions such as recessions, interest rate changes, or international currency fluctuations, may cause the market price of our common stock to 
decline. If the market price of our common stock fluctuates or declines, you may not realize any return on your investment and may lose some or all of your
investment.

We expect our operating results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter, which may cause our stock price to fluctuate widely.

We expect our quarterly operating results to fluctuate widely and unpredictably for the following reasons, among others:

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our significant customer concentration;

the variable timing, stage, and results of our and our collaborators’ development, and regulatory activities;

the effectiveness of our marketing and advertising efforts;

the impact of seasonality in agricultural operations on our sales of products;

adjustments to inventory due to excess or slow-moving;

supplier, manufacturing, or quality problems; and

variance in the timing of customer and distributor orders for our products.

Any unanticipated change in revenues or operating results is likely to cause our stock price to fluctuate since such changes reflect new information 
available to investors and analysts.

Because we do not expect to pay any dividends for the foreseeable future, investors may be forced to sell their stock to realize a return on their 
investment.

We do not anticipate that we will pay any dividends to holders of our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any payment of cash dividends will be at 
the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements, financial condition, 
contractual restrictions including compliance with covenants under our debt agreements, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. 
Our ability to pay dividends might be restricted by the terms of any indebtedness that we incur in the future. In addition, certain of our current outstanding 
debt agreements prohibit us from paying cash dividends on our common stock. Consequently, you should not rely on dividends to receive a return on your 
investment.

Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq could result in a delisting of our common stock, which could negatively impact the 
market price and liquidity of our common shares and our ability to access the capital markets.

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market.  If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market ("Nasdaq"), 
such as the corporate governance requirements or the minimum closing bid price requirement, Nasdaq may take steps to delist our common stock.  Such a 
delisting would have a negative effect on the price of our common stock, impair the ability to sell or purchase our common stock when persons wish to do 
so, and any delisting materially adversely affect our ability to raise capital or pursue strategic restructuring, refinancing or other transactions on acceptable 
terms, or at all.  Delisting from The Nasdaq Capital Market could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of institutional investor 
interest and fewer business development opportunities.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

Not applicable.

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Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

We recognize the importance of identifying, assessing and managing material risks associated with cybersecurity threats, as such term is defined in Item 
106(a) of Regulation S-K. These risks include, among other things: operational risks, intellectual property theft, fraud, extortion, harm to employees or 
customers and violation of data privacy or security laws. 

Identifying and assessing cybersecurity risk is integrated into our overall risk management systems and processes.  Cybersecurity risks related to our 
business, technical operations, privacy and compliance issues are identified and addressed through a multi-faceted approach including third party 
assessments, internal IT controls, governance, risk and compliance reviews.

We describe whether and how risks from cybersecurity threats are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our results of operations and financial 
condition, under the heading "Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, flood, crop losses, epidemics, and other catastrophic natural events, 
and security breaches, including cybersecurity incidents." in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of Part I of this report.  

Our Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing cybersecurity risks and updates our Board of Directors on cybersecurity matters as needed. The Audit 
Committee receives periodic updates from management regarding cybersecurity matters and is notified as promptly as practicable of significant new 
cybersecurity threats or incidents.  

Management is responsible for the operational oversight of the company-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, and standards across relevant departments to 
assess and help prepare us to address cybersecurity risks.

As of the date of this report, we are not aware of any cybersecurity incidents that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the 
Company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.

Item 2. Properties.

Our corporate headquarters are located in Dallas, Texas with additional office space in Davis and Sacramento, California and additional facilities in 
American Falls, Idaho.  We believe that our leased facilities are adequate to meet our current needs and that, if needed, suitable additional or alternative 
space will be available to accommodate our operations.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

We currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings.  From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and 
claims in the ordinary course of business. 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Our common stock has been listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol “RKDA” since May 15, 2015. Prior to May 15, 2015, there was no 
public trading for our common stock.

Holders of Record

As of March 21, 2024, we had 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other 
institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of beneficial stockholders represented by these record holders.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the 
operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any decision to declare and pay cash dividends in the 
future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements, 
financial condition, contractual restrictions, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. 

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

See Part III, Item 12, for a description of securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

Information concerning our sales of unregistered securities during the year ended December 31, 2023, has previously been reported in Current Reports on 
Form 8-K that we filed during that year.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 6. [Reserved]

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated 
financial statements and the related notes to those statements included herein. In addition to historical financial information, this report contains forward-
looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. 
The statements contained in this report that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act 
and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of 
words such as, but not limited to, “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” 
“seek,” “should,” “strategy,” “target,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions or variations intended to identify forward-looking statements. These 
statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management. Such forward-looking 
statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially 
from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not 
limited to, those identified below. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we 
undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this report may appear without the ®, TM, or SM symbols, but such 
references do not constitute a waiver of any rights that might be associated with the respective trademarks, service marks, or trade names.

Overview

We are a producer and marketer of innovative, plant-based food and beverage products. Our history as a leader in science-based approaches to developing 
high value crop improvements, primarily in wheat, designed to enhance farm economics by improving the performance of crops in the field, as well as their 
value as food ingredients, has laid the foundation for our path forward. We have used non-genetically modified advanced breeding techniques to develop 
these proprietary innovations which we are now commercializing through the sales of seed and grain, food ingredients and products, trait licensing and 
royalty agreements. The acquisition of the assets of Live Zola, LLC ("Zola") added coconut water to our portfolio of products.

Our commercial strategy is to satisfy consumer nutrition demands with the superior functional benefits our crops deliver directly from the farm, enabling us 
to share premium economics throughout the ag-food supply chain and to build a world-class estate of high value traits and varieties. The acquisition of the 
Zola brand allows us to broaden our reach within the beverage sector.

It is also estimated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), that approximately one-fifth of the FDA recommended calories consumed by people 
in the US are from wheat. Therefore, the market opportunity for nutritional improvements in wheat are significant not only because the wheat market itself 
is vast, but also because of the “share of stomach” wheat represents. Considering that most people today are not getting enough fiber or protein in their 
daily diets, the superior nutrient density of our non-GMO GoodWheat™ (“GoodWheat”) technology can improve the dietary intake of average consumers, 
by increasing their fiber and protein consumption without changing the way they eat. We believe this proprietary advantage gives GoodWheat the potential 
to become a global standard in wheat.

Our Growth Strategy

We believe there are significant opportunities to grow our business by executing the following elements of our strategy:

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•

•

•

Accelerate the monetization of our GoodWheat™ wheat trait portfolio. Our proprietary intellectual property ("IP") with multiple non-GMO 
wheat traits have clear functional benefits, and we will continue to build partnerships across the wheat value chain. We have launched 
GoodWheat into multiple categories where our wheat provides a compelling point-of-difference and we will continue to evaluate ways to 
extract value throughout the supply chain.

Evaluate scale M&A opportunities. We intend to evaluate potential mergers, acquisitions and other strategic opportunities that will allow us 
to scale the GoodWheat value proposition more quickly. We believe there is a significant opportunity to integrate our wheat IP and 
GoodWheat brand into larger businesses and drive shareholder value.

Scale Zola through retail expansion. Based on our research, consumers prefer the clean, crisp taste of Zola to that of other leading coconut 
water brands. As a result, we plan to continue to invest in trial-driving activities and expand distribution of our Zola coconut water brand 
through mass market retailers and grocery store chains.

Arcadia Wellness, LLC

In May 2021, our wholly owned subsidiary Arcadia Wellness, LLC (“Arcadia Wellness” or “AW”), acquired the businesses of Eko, Lief, and Zola. The 
acquisition included Saavy Naturals™, a line of natural body care products, Soul Spring™, a CBD-infused botanical therapy brand in the natural category, 
and ProVault™, a THC-free CBD sports performance formula made with natural ingredients, providing effective support and recovery for athletes 
(collectively "body care brands"). Also included in the purchase is Zola, a coconut water sourced exclusively with sustainably grown coconuts from 
Thailand. 

On July 8, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement to license Saavy Naturals to Radiance Beauty and Wellness, Inc. ("Radiance Beauty"). 

In July 2023, management made the decision to exit the remaining body care brands, Soul Spring and ProVault, as a result of continued pressure on the 
CBD market due to regulatory uncertainty. Body care operations ceased as of September 30, 2023.

Our Product Portfolio

Most Americans suffer from a significant fiber deficiency. The recommended daily value of fiber is 25g for women and children, and 38g for men 
according to the May 2021 Food and Health Survey by the International Food Information Council. However, less than 10 percent of women and less than 
3 percent of men get enough fiber in their daily diets.

Our GoodWheat portfolio of better-for-you products addresses these needs as they are naturally higher in fiber and protein than traditional wheat without 
sacrificing on taste or texture.

GoodWheat™ Pasta

In June 2022, we launched our GoodWheat pasta in five varieties – penne, spaghetti, fettuccine, elbows and rotini – in select retailers nationwide and on 
Amazon. Our pasta delivers 4 times the fiber of traditional wheat pasta with 9g of protein per serving and no sacrifice on taste.  In fact, our research shows 
that GoodWheat pasta scores at parity on taste with leading wheat pasta competitors and significantly outscores market leading vegetable-based pastas.  
Made with only our USA farm grown wheat, GoodWheat pasta meets consumers’ preference for clean labels and transparent sourcing.  And, in December 
of 2022, GoodWheat received the American Heart Association’s Heart-Check mark on all of our pasta products.  With its high fiber, lower sodium and zero 
saturated fat, GoodWheat meets the criteria for a heart-healthy pasta and provides consumers with a better-for-you option that delivers superior nutrition 
with the taste and texture of traditional pasta.

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GoodWheat™ Pancakes and Waffle Mixes

In August 2023, we launched our GoodWheat into the breakfast category with new, better-for-you pancake and waffle mixes as well as single-serve 
Quikcakes™. Our new mixes are made with simple ingredients and Arcadia’s proprietary wheat grain, which is naturally higher in fiber and protein than 
traditional wheat. GoodWheat pancake and waffle mixes are sold in resealable, multi-serve pouches, with each serving delivering 8 times the fiber of 
traditional pancake mix and 5 grams of protein. Our multi-serve mixes will be available in 3 classic varieties, including Buttermilk, Chocolate Chocolate 
Chip and Apple Cinnamon. GoodWheat Quikcakes are an innovative, single-serve instant pancake that is a great option for busy mornings – you simply 
pour one packet into a bowl, add water and microwave for 90 seconds. Quikcakes have 11 times the fiber of traditional single-serve pancake mixes and 
contain 7 grams of protein per serving. Quikcakes are available in 3 flavors, including Buttermilk, Chocolate Chocolate Chip and Confetti.

GoodWheat™ Mac and Cheese

In November 2023, we announced the third GoodWheat category, Mac and Cheese. Our Mac and Cheese is made with real cheese and contains no artificial 
flavors, dyes or preservatives and are available in three varieties: Classic Cheddar, White Cheddar and Three Cheese. GoodWheat Mac and Cheese packs in 
the most fiber of any brand in the category, 4 times more than the leading brand. In fact, one serving of GoodWheat Mac and Cheese has the same fiber as 
two servings of oatmeal, or two and a half servings of broccoli! And, just like our pasta and pancake mixes, GoodWheat Mac and Cheese is higher in 
protein than the leading brand, with 12 grams of protein per serving. 

Zola Coconut Water

Zola is a pure, natural, 100% coconut water with a crisp, clean taste that’s lightly sweet and refreshing. Naturally hydrating and never from concentrate, 
Zola is Non-GMO Project Verified and only contains 60 calories per serving. In taste tests, Zola beats competitors 2 to 1 and is the best-tasting way to 
rehydrate, reset and reenergize.

Discontinued Operations

As mentioned above, the Company exited the body care brands and ceased its operations as of September 30, 2023. In accordance with the provisions of 
ASC 205-20, the Company has separately reported the assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations in the consolidated balance sheets and the results 
of the discontinued operations as a separate component of loss on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for all periods 
presented. See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for further information on discontinued operations.

Components of Our Statements of Operations Data

Revenues

We derive our revenues from product sales, royalties and license fees.

Product revenues

Product revenues consist primarily of sales of GoodWheat, Zola and GLA products. We recognize revenue from product sales when control of the product 
is transferred to third-party distributors and manufacturers, collectively “our customers,” which generally occurs upon delivery. Revenues fluctuate 
depending on the timing of shipments of product to our customers and are reported net of estimated chargebacks, returns and losses.

Royalty Revenues 

Royalty revenues consist of amounts earned from the sale of commercial products that incorporate the Company's traits by third parties. Royalty revenues 
consist of a minimum annual royalty, offset by amounts earned from the sale of products. The Company recognizes the minimum annual royalty on a 
straight-line basis over the year, and recognizes royalty revenue resulting from the sale of products when the third parties transfer control of the product 

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to their customers, which generally occurs upon shipment. Royalty revenues can fluctuate depending on the timing of shipments of product by the third 
parties to their customers.

License revenues 

License revenues consist of up-front, nonrefundable license fees, annual license fees, and subsequent milestone payments that we receive under our license 
agreements. Revenue generated from up-front license fees are recognized upon execution of the agreement. We recognize annual license fees when it is 
probable that a material reversal will not occur. 

Milestone fees are variable consideration that is initially constrained and recognized only when it is probable that such amounts would not be reversed. The 
Company assesses when achievement of milestones are probable in order to determine the timing of revenue recognition for milestone fees. Milestones 
typically represent significant stages of development for our traits in a potential commercial product, such as achievement of specific technological targets, 
completion of field trials, filing with regulatory agencies, completion of the regulatory process, and commercial launch of a product containing our traits. 
Given the seasonality of agriculture and time required to progress from one milestone to the next, achievement of milestones is inherently uneven, and 
license revenues are likely to fluctuate significantly from period to period.

Operating Expenses

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues primarily relates to the sale of GoodWheat and Zola products and consists of the cost of raw materials, including internal and third-party 
services costs related to procuring, processing, formulating, packaging and shipping our products, as well as in-licensing and royalty fees, any adjustments 
or write-downs to inventory or prepaid production costs.

Research and development expenses ("R&D")

Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in the development and testing of our products and other products in development 
incorporating our traits. These expenses currently consist primarily of fees paid to product formulation consultants and are expensed as incurred. 
Additionally, the Company is required from time to time to make certain milestone payments in connection with the development of technologies in-
licensed from third parties. The Company's research and development expenses may fluctuate from period to period.

Gain on sale of Verdeca 

The gain on sale of Verdeca is the gain recognized for the sale of the Company's membership interests in the Verdeca joint venture to our partner Bioceres 
in November 2020.

Impairment of Intangible Assets

Impairments of intangible assets are recorded when the fair value of intangible assets drops below its carrying amount.

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

Change in the fair value of contingent consideration is comprised of the fair value remeasurement of the liabilities associated with the Company's 
contingent consideration. 

Gain on sale of property and equipment, net

Gain on sale of fixed assets includes gains from the sale of tangible assets sold above their net book value.

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Impairment of property and equipment

Impairment of property and equipment, net includes losses from tangible assets due to impairment or recoverability test charges to write down fixed assets 
to their fair value or recoverability value.

Impairment of right-of-use ("ROU") assets

Impairment of ROU assets includes losses from right-of-use assets due to impairment or recoverability test charges to write down the ROU asset to their 
fair value or recoverability value.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee costs, professional service fees, broker and sales commission fees, and overhead 
costs. Our selling, general, and administrative expenses may fluctuate from period to period. In connection with our commercialization activities for our 
consumer products, we expect to increase our investments in sales and marketing, including additional consulting fees.

Interest income

Interest income consists of interest income on our cash and cash equivalents and investments.

Other income, net

Other income, net consists of miscellaneous income.

Valuation loss on March 2023 PIPE

Valuation loss on March 2023 PIPE includes the fair value in excess of gross proceeds and the increase in fair value related to the re-pricing of existing 
warrants.

Change in the estimated fair value of common stock warrant and option liabilities

Change in the estimated fair value of common stock warrant and option liabilities is comprised of the fair value remeasurement of the liabilities associated 
with our financing transactions.

Issuance and offering costs allocated to liability classified options

Issuance and offering costs generally include placement agent, legal, advisory, accounting and filing fees related to financing transactions.

Income tax expense

Our income tax provision has not been historically significant, as we have incurred losses since our inception. The provision for income taxes consists of 
state and foreign income taxes. Due to cumulative losses, we maintain a valuation allowance against our U.S. deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2023 
and 2022. We consider all available evidence, both positive and negative, including but not limited to: earnings history, projected future outcomes, industry 
and market trends, and the nature of each of the deferred tax assets in assessing the extent to which a valuation allowance should be applied against our 
U.S. deferred tax assets.

Net loss from discontinued operations

Net loss from discontinued operations represents results of operations related to the discontinued body care brands. See Note 1 to the consolidated financial 
statements for further information on discontinued operations.

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Table of Contents

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Year Ended
December 31,

2023

2022

(in thousands)

$ Change

% Change

Revenues:
Product
License
Royalty

  $

Total revenues

Operating expenses (income):

Cost of revenues
Research and development
Gain on sale of Verdeca
Impairment of intangible assets
Change in fair value of contingent consideration
Gain on sale of property and equipment
Impairment of property and equipment
Impairment of ROU asset
Selling, general and administrative

Total operating expenses

Loss from operations
Interest income
Other income, net
Valuation loss on March 2023 PIPE
Change in fair value of common stock warrant and option 
liabilities
Issuance and offering costs allocated to liability classified 
options
Net loss from continuing operations before income taxes
Income tax expense
Net loss from continuing operations
Net loss from discontinued operations
Net loss
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

  $

  $

5,313  
17  
—  
5,330  

3,300  
1,387  
—  
—  
—  
(40 )    
—  
113  
14,508  
19,268  
(13,938 )    
695  
48  
(6,076 )    

  $

6,422  
879  
117  
7,418  

6,101  
1,509  
(1,138 )    
141  
(70 )    
(314 )    
160  
—  
15,036  
21,425  
(14,007 )    
289  
9  
—  

(1,109 )    
(862 )    
(117 )    
(2,088 )    

(2,801 )    
(122 )    
1,138      
(141 )    
70      
274      
(160 )    
113      
(528 )    
(2,157 )    
69      
406      
39      
(6,076 )    

6,544  

3,209  

3,335      

(430 )    
(13,157 )    
(8 )    
(13,165 )    
(821 )    
(13,986 )    
(5 )    
(13,981 )   $

(314 )    
(10,814 )    
(14 )    
(10,828 )    
(4,784 )    
(15,612 )    
(236 )    
(15,376 )   $

(116 )    
(2,343 )    
6      
(2,337 )    
3,963      
1,626      
231      
1,395      

-17 %
-98 %
-100 %
-28 %

-46 %
-8 %
100 %
-100 %
-100 %
-87 %
-100 %
100 %
-4 %
-10 %
0 %
140 %
433 %
-100 %

104 %

37 %
22 %
-43 %
22 %
-83 %
-10 %
-98 %
-9 %

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Revenues

Product revenues accounted for 100% and 87% of our total revenues in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The $1.1 million, or 17%, decrease in product 
revenues in 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily driven by 2022 GoodWheat grain sales.

License revenues accounted for 0% and 12% of our total revenues in 2023 and 2022, respectively.  During the year ended December 31, 2022, the 
Company recognized one-time license revenue of $862,000 related to the Verdeca-Bioceres licensing agreement discussed below.

Royalty revenues accounted for 0% and 2% of our total revenues in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The $117,000 of royalty revenues for the year ended 
December 31, 2022 represents the proportionate share of contracted minimum annual royalty fees that expired in 2022.

Operating expenses (income)

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues decreased by $2.8 million, or 46%, in 2023 compared to 2022. Cost of revenues during the year ended December 31, 2022 included 
GoodWheat grain sold at cost and higher inventory write-downs. Gross profit, calculated as total revenues less cost of revenues, was $2.0 million and $1.3 
million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in gross profit in 2023 is primarily due to the absence of sales of 
GoodWheat grain sold at cost in 2022.

Research and development

Research and development expenses decreased by $0.1 million, or 8%, in 2023 compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by the Company's 
continued focus on commercialization, which has led to lower employee-related expenses and related activity costs.

Gain on sale of Verdeca

In February 2012, the Company partnered with Bioceres to form Verdeca, which we equally owned. Verdeca was formed to develop and deregulate 
soybean varieties using both partners’ agricultural technologies. In November 2020, Arcadia sold its membership interest in Verdeca to Bioceres in a 
transaction in which Arcadia received cash, shares of Bioceres stock and a royalty stream of up to $10.0 million on sales of Haab 4 ("HB4") soybean. An 
additional $2.0 million in cash is to be paid to Arcadia upon Verdeca achieving commercial plantings of at least 200,000 hectares of HB4 or China 
approving the HB4 soybean trait for “food and feed”. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized a gain on sale of Verdeca of 
$1.1 million related to the regulatory approval of the Haab 4 soybeans.

Impairment of intangible assets

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized impairments of intangible assets of $141,000 related to the Industrial Seed 
Innovations ("ISI") intangible assets.  See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements. There was no such impairment of intangible assets recognized 
during the year ended December 31, 2023. 

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Change in fair value of contingent consideration

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized a decrease in the fair value of the ISI contingent consideration liability due to its 
remeasurement. See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements. There was no such change in fair value recognized during the year ended December 
31, 2023. 

Gain on sale of property and equipment

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company sold property and equipment for net proceeds exceeding book value by $40,000 and 
$314,000, respectively. 

Impairment of property and equipment, net

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $160,000 of impairments of property and equipment related to Archipelago. There 
was no impairment of property and equipment recognized during the year ended December 31, 2023. 

Impairment of ROU assets

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $113,000 of impairment related to ROU assets. There was no impairment of ROU 
assets recognized during the year ended December 31, 2022. 

Selling, General, and Administrative

Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased by $0.5 million, or 4%, in 2023 compared to 2022 primarily driven by a decrease in employee 
compensation.

Interest income

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized interest income of $695,000 from investments as compared to $289,000 in 2022.

Other income, net

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized other income of $48,000 as compared to $9,000 in 2022.

Valuation loss on March 2023 PIPE

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a $6.1 million valuation loss related to the March 2023 PIPE financing transaction. 
The valuation loss includes the fair value in excess of gross proceeds and the increase in fair value related to the re-pricing of existing warrants. 

Change in the estimated fair value of common stock warrant and option liabilities

The change in the estimated fair value of common stock warrant and option liabilities was $6.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 related to 
the change in the estimated fair value of the liability classified preferred investment options issued in connection with the March 2023 PIPE and August 
2022 Registered Direct Offering financing transactions. The change in the estimated fair value of common stock warrant and option liabilities was $3.2 
million during the year ended December 31, 2022 related to the change in the estimated fair value of the liability classified preferred investment options 
issued in connection with the August 2022 Registered Direct Offering financing transaction.

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Issuance and offering costs

Issuance and offering costs were $430,000 during the year ended December 31, 2023 and were related to the liability classified options issued in the March 
2023 PIPE financing transaction. Issuance and offering costs were $314,000 during the year ended December 31, 2022 related to the August 2022 
Registered Direct Offering financing transaction.

Income tax expense

The income tax provision resulted in an expense of $8,000 and $14,000 during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Net loss from discontinued operations

Net loss from discontinued operations was $821,000 and $4.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 1 to the 
consolidated financial statements for further information on discontinued operations.

Seasonality

We and our commercial partners operate in different geographies around the world and conduct field trials used for data generation, which must be 
conducted during the appropriate growing seasons for particular crops and markets. Demand for coconut water products is generally higher in the summer 
months.

The level of seasonality in our business overall is difficult to evaluate at this time due to our relatively limited number of commercialized products, our 
expansion into new geographical markets and our introduction of new products and traits.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have funded our operations primarily with the net proceeds from our private and public offerings of our equity securities and debt, as well as proceeds 
from the sale of our products and payments under license agreements. Our principal use of cash is to fund our operations, which are primarily focused on 
commercializing our products. Our contractual obligations are primarily related to our operating leases for facilities, land and equipment. Refer to Note 14 
to the consolidated financial statements for details of our leasing arrangements. As of December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $6.5 million 
and short-term investments of $5.1 million. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had net losses of $14.0 million and $15.6 
million, respectively, and net cash used in operations of $15.3 million and $14.0 million, respectively.

Going Concern

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments will not be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for at 
least the next 12 months from the issuance date of our 2023 financial statements, and thus raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue 
as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

We may seek to raise additional funds through debt or equity financings, if necessary. We may also consider entering into additional partner arrangements. 
Any sale of additional equity would result in dilution to our stockholders. Our incurrence of debt would result in debt service obligations, and the 
instruments governing our debt could provide for additional operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. If we require additional 
funds and are not able to secure adequate additional funding, we may be forced to reduce our spending, 

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extend payment terms with our suppliers, liquidate assets, or suspend or curtail planned product launches. Any of these actions could materially harm our 
business, results of operations and financial condition.

Liquidity

The following table summarizes total current assets, current liabilities and working capital for the dates indicated (in thousands):

Current assets
Current liabilities

Working capital surplus

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Net cash (used in) provided by:

Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

Cash flows from operating activities 

As of
December 31,

2023

2022

14,972  
3,590  
11,382  

  $

  $

25,398  
4,209  
21,189  

Year Ended
December 31,

2023

2022

(15,294 )
(4,344 )
5,512  
(14,126 )

  $

  $

(13,977 )
1,417  
4,519  
(8,041 )

  $

  $

  $

  $

Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $15.3 million. With respect to our net loss of $14.0 million, non-cash charges, 
including $430,000 of issuance and offering costs, $6.1 million of valuation loss recognized for the March 2023 PIPE, $717,000 of stock-based 
compensation, $697,000 of lease amortization, $287,000 of depreciation, $444,000 of write-downs of inventory and $113,000 of impairment of ROU 
assets, were offset by the change in fair value of common stock warrant and option liabilities of $6.5 million, adjustments in our working capital accounts 
of $2.7 million, a gain on disposal of property and equipment of $40,000, and operating lease payments of $764,000.

Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $14.0 million. With respect to our net loss of $15.6 million, non-cash charges 
including $1.1 million of stock-based compensation, $884,000 of lease amortization, $2.5 million of write-downs of inventory, $530,000 of impairment of 
property and equipment, $314,000 of issuance and offering costs, $404,000 of impairment of intangible assets, $439,000 of depreciation, and $1.0 million 
adjustments in our working capital accounts were offset by $3.2 million for the change in fair value of common stock warrant and option liabilities, gain on 
sale of Verdeca of $1.1 million, $314,000 of net gain on disposal of property and equipment, and operating lease payments of $932,000.

Cash flows from investing activities

Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted of proceeds of $115,000 from the sale of property and equipment, 
proceeds of $569,000 from the sale of Verdeca, and proceeds of $2.5 million from the sale of investments, offset by $5,000 of purchases of property and 
equipment and $7.5 million of purchases of investments.

Cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $1.4 million primarily consisted of $920,000 of proceeds from sales of 
property and equipment, $569,000 proceeds from sale of Verdeca, partially offset by $72,000 of purchases of property and equipment.

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Cash flows from financing activities

Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted of gross proceeds of $6.0 million from the March 2023 PIPE 
financing transaction and proceeds from the purchase of ESPP shares of $12,000, which were offset by payments of transaction costs related to the March 
2023 PIPE financing transaction of $497,000.

Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $4.5 million consisted of proceeds from the issuance of common stock 
relating to the August 2022 RDO financing transaction of $5.0 million gross proceeds and proceeds from the purchase of ESPP shares of $7,000, which 
were offset by payments of transaction costs related to the August 2022 RDO financing transaction of $488,000.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Since our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, including the use of structured finance, special purpose entities or variable 
interest entities, other than Verdeca, a joint venture sold in November 2020.

Critical Accounting Polices and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been 
prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported 
amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenue 
generated, and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we 
believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities 
that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We consider our critical accounting policies and estimates to be revenue recognition, determination of the provision for income taxes, and net realizable 
value of inventory.

Revenue recognition

We recognize revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the 
entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. See Note 2 for further detail on each of the below revenue streams.

We generally recognize product revenues once passage of title has occurred, which is generally upon delivery. Shipping and handling costs charged to 
customers are recorded as revenues and included in cost of revenues at the time the sale is recognized.

We have determined that, at the inception of each license agreement, there is only one deliverable for the license for access to and assistance with the 
development of the specified intellectual property. We recognize revenue up-front and annual license fees in full when it is deemed probable to be earned.

We recognize royalty revenue when the Company can reasonably determine the amounts earned.

We recognize revenue related to milestone payments when it is probable that such amounts would not be reversed.

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Determination of the provision for income taxes

We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the 
differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in 
effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred 
tax asset will not be realized.

Net realizable value of inventory

Inventory costs are tracked on a lot-identified basis, valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value and are included as cost of revenues when sold. We 
compare the cost of inventories with market value and write down inventories to net realizable value, if lower. We write down inventory when conditions 
indicate that the net realizable value may be less than cost due to physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels or other factors. Additionally, 
we provide reserves for excess and slow-moving inventory to its estimated net realizable value. The inventory write-downs are based upon estimates about 
future demand from our customers and distributors and market conditions. Future events that could significantly influence our judgment and related 
estimates include conditions in target markets, introduction of new products or changes to current or future competitor products.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For discussions of the adoption and potential impacts of recently issued accounting standards, refer to Note 3 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not applicable.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

32

33

35

36

37

38

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2023 
and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the two years in the 
period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated 
financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its 
operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted 
in the United States of America.

Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in 
Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has an accumulated deficit, recurring net losses and net cash used in operations, and resources
that will not be sufficient to meet its anticipated cash requirements, which raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. 
Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that 
might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's 
consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 
(United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the 
applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable 
assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not 
required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain 
an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal 
control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. 

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or 
fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and 
disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by 
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis 
for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was 
communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated 
financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not 
alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by 

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communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

GoodWheat Inventory Valuation – Refer to Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

GoodWheat inventories are recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Management periodically evaluates the carrying value of inventories in 
relation to the forecasts of product demand, which takes into consideration the estimated marketability and salability of products. When quantities on hand 
exceed forecasted demand, regulatory changes occur, or quality specifications are not met, a write-down is recorded for such inventories. Changes in 
assumptions of forecasted product demand could have a significant impact on the amount of inventory valuation, and any related write-downs.  

Given the significant judgments made by management in forecasting product demand, including the impact of product marketability and salability, auditing 
the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures over GoodWheat inventory valuation included the following, among others:

•

•

•

We evaluated the demand forecasts by obtaining documentation to support customer orders, contracts, historical and future sales that 
corroborate the reasonableness of amount estimated for demand.

We evaluated management’s ability to accurately forecast product demand by comparing actual results to management’s historical estimates.

We performed corroborative inquiries with the personnel responsible for sales forecasting to evaluate the reasonableness of the product 
salability and demand forecasts.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Tempe, Arizona

March 28, 2024

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2007.

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Assets
Current assets:

Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share data)

As of December 31,

2023

2022

Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term investments
Accounts receivable and other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts 
   of $0 and $3 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Inventories, net — current
Assets held for sale
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Current assets of discontinued operations

Total current assets
Property and equipment, net
Right of use assets
Inventories, net — noncurrent
Intangible assets, net
Other noncurrent assets

Noncurrent assets of discontinued operations

Total assets
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Amounts due to related parties
Operating lease liability — current
Other current liabilities
Current liabilities of discontinued operations

Total current liabilities

Operating lease liability — noncurrent
Common stock warrant and option liabilities

Other noncurrent liabilities
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders’ equity:

Common stock, $0.001 par value—150,000,000 shares authorized as of
   December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 1,285,337 and 616,079 shares
   issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022,
   respectively.
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Accumulated deficit

Total Arcadia Biosciences stockholders’ equity

Non-controlling interest
Total stockholders' equity

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  $

  $

  $

  $

6,518     $
5,124    

514    
1,958    
51    
807    
—    
14,972    
384    
792    
3,354    
39    
164    
—    
19,705     $

2,410     $
58    
852    
270    
—    
3,590    
155    
1,257    
2,000    
7,002    

20,644  
—  

1,221  
2,321  
87  
795  
330  
25,398  
680  
1,848  
767  
40  
165  
24  

28,922  

2,855  
48  
1,010  
270  
26  
4,209  
1,007  
806  
2,000  

8,022  

65    
284,515    
101    
(271,840 )  
12,841    
(138 )  
12,703    
19,705     $

65  
278,827  
—  
(257,859 )

21,033  
(133 )
20,900  
28,922  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except share and share data)

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

Revenues:
Product
License
Royalty

Total revenues

Operating expenses (income):

Cost of revenues
Research and development
Gain on sale of Verdeca
Impairment of intangible assets
Change in fair value of contingent consideration
Gain on sale of property and equipment
Impairment of property and equipment
Impairment of ROU asset
Selling, general and administrative

Total operating expenses

Loss from operations
Interest income
Other income, net
Valuation loss on March 2023 PIPE
Change in fair value of common stock warrant and option liabilities
Issuance and offering costs allocated to liability classified options
Net loss from continuing operations before income taxes

Income tax expense
Net loss from continuing operations
Net loss from discontinued operations
Net loss
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest

Net loss attributable to common stockholders
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:

Basic and diluted from continuing operations

Basic and diluted from discontinued operations

Weighted-average number of shares used in per share calculations:

Basic and diluted

Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities

Other comprehensive income

Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders

  $

  $

  $
  $

  $
  $
  $

5,313     $
17    
—    
5,330    

3,300    
1,387    
—    
—    
—    
(40 )  
—    
113    
14,508    
19,268    
(13,938 )  
695    
48    
(6,076 )  
6,544    
(430 )  
(13,157 )  
(8 )  
(13,165 )  
(821 )  
(13,986 )  
(5 )  
(13,981 )   $

(10.64 )   $
(0.66 )   $

1,236,934    

101     $
101     $
(13,880 )   $

6,422  
879  
117  
7,418  

6,101  
1,509  
(1,138 )
141  
(70 )
(314 )
160  
—  
15,036  
21,425  
(14,007 )
289  
9  
—  
3,209  
(314 )
(10,814 )
(14 )

(10,828 )
(4,784 )
(15,612 )
(236 )
(15,376 )

(17.67 )
(7.98 )

599,389  

—  

—  
(15,376 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands, except share data)

Common Stock

Shares

Amount

Balance at December 31, 2021

Reclassification upon adoption of ASU 2020-06
Issuance of shares related to August 2022 Offering
Offering costs related to August 2022 Offering
Issuance of shares related to employee stock
   purchase plan
Stock-based compensation
Net loss

Balance at December 31, 2022

Issuance of shares related to March 2023 PIPE
Modification of warrants related to March 2023 PIPE    
Issuance of shares related to August 2022 pre-funded 
warrants exercise
Issuance of shares related to March 2023 pre-funded 
warrants exercise
Issuance of shares related to employee stock
   purchase plan
Issuance of shares related to reverse stock split
Stock-based compensation
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities
Net loss

Balance at December 31, 2023

  $

  $

554,609  
—  
61,250  
—  

220  
—  
—  
616,079  
165,500  
—  

56,813  

425,834  

1,993  
19,118  
—  
—  
—  
1,285,337  

  $

Additional
Paid-In
Capital

Accumulated
Deficit

Accumulate
d Other 
Comprehen
sive Income  

Non-
controlling 
Interest

Total
Stockholders’
Equity

63  
—  
2  
—  

—  
—  
—  
65  
—  
—  

—  

—  

—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
65  

  $

  $

  $

  $

  $

257,515  
19,390  
1,174  
(365 )

7  
1,106  
—  
278,827  
4,740  
219  

—  

—  

12  
—  
717  
—  
—  
284,515  

  $

  $

  $

(226,485 )
(15,998 )
—  
—  

—  
—  
(15,376 )
(257,859 )
—  
—  

—  

—  

—  
—  
—  
—  
(13,981 )
(271,840 )

  $

—  
—  
—  
—  

—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  

—  

—  

—  
—  
—  
101  
—  
101  

  $

  $

  $

  $

103  
—  
—  
—  

—  
—  
(236 )
(133 )   $
—  
—  

—  

—  

—  
—  
—  
—  
(5 )
(138 )

  $

31,196  
3,392  
1,176  
(365 )

7  
1,106  
(15,612 )
20,900  
4,740  
219  

—  

—  

12  
—  
717  
101  
(13,986 )
12,703  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:

Change in fair value of common stock warrant and option liabilities
Change in fair value of contingent consideration
Issuance and offering costs allocated to liability classified options
Valuation loss on March 2023 PIPE
Depreciation
Amortization of intangible assets
Lease amortization
Impairment of intangible assets
Gain on disposal of equipment
Stock-based compensation
Bad debt expense
Gain on sale of Verdeca
Write-down of inventories
Impairment of property and equipment
Impairment of ROU asset
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Accounts receivable and other receivables
Inventories
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Other noncurrent assets
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Amounts due to related parties
Other current liabilities

Operating lease payments

Net cash used in operating activities

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
Proceeds from sale of Verdeca — earn-out received
Proceeds from sale of investments
Purchases of property and equipment

Purchases of investments

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and 
   preferred investment options from March 2023 PIPE
Payments of offering costs relating to March 2023 PIPE
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and 
   preferred investment options from August 2022 Offering
Payments of offering costs relating to August 2022 Offering

Proceeds from ESPP purchases

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents — beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents — end of period

Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

$

(13,986 )

  $

(15,612 )

(6,544 )
—  
430  
6,076  
287  
—  
697  
—  
(40 )
717  
20  
—  
444  
—  
113  

184  
(2,419 )
1  
2  
(522 )
10  
—  
(764 )

(15,294 )

115  
569  
2,502  
(5 )
(7,525 )

(4,344 )

5,997  
(497 )

—  
—  
12  

5,512  

(14,126 )
20,644  

6,518  

  $

—  

  $

—  

  $

—  

212  

—  

8  

—  

404  

  $
  $
  $
  $
  $
  $

(3,209 )
(70 )
314  
—  
439  
40  
884  
404  
(314 )
1,106  
60  
(1,138 )
2,471  
530  
—  

592  
1,118  
91  
16  
(757 )
(16 )
6  
(932 )

(13,977 )

920  
569  
—  
(72 )
—  

1,417  

—  
—  

5,000  
(488 )
7  

4,519  

(8,041 )
28,685  

20,644  

1  

3,392  

191  

—  

114  

19  

569  

—  

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:

Cash paid for interest
NONCASH TRANSACTIONS:

Common stock warrant liabilities reclassified to equity upon adoption of ASU 2020-06
Common stock options issued to placement agent and included in offering 
   costs related to August 2022 RDO securities purchase agreement

Common stock options issued to placement agent and included in offering costs related to March 2023 PIPE
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment in accounts receivable and other receivables

Proceeds from sale of Verdeca in accounts receivable and other receivables

Warrant and option modifications included in Valuation loss on March 2023 PIPE

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Note 1. Description of Business

Organization

Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. (the "Company," "Arcadia" or "management"), was incorporated in Arizona in 2002 and maintains its headquarters in Dallas, 
Texas, with additional office space in Davis and Sacramento, California, and additional facilities in American Falls, Idaho. The Company was 
reincorporated in Delaware in March 2015.

The Company is a producer and marketer of innovative, plant-based food and beverage products. Its history as a leader in science-based approaches to 
developing high-value crop improvements, as well as nutritionally enhanced food ingredients, has laid the foundation for its path forward. The Company 
used advanced breeding techniques to develop these proprietary innovations which are now being commercialized through the sales of seed and grain, as 
well as food ingredients and products. The acquisition of the assets of Live Zola, LLC (“Zola”) added coconut water to the Company's portfolio of 
products.

In May 2021, the Company's wholly owned subsidiary Arcadia Wellness, LLC (“Arcadia Wellness” or “AW”), acquired the businesses of Eko, Lief, and 
Zola. The acquisition included Saavy Naturals™, a line of natural body care products, Soul Spring™, a CBD-infused botanical therapy brand in the natural 
category, and ProVault™, a THC-free CBD sports performance formula made with natural ingredients, providing effective support and recovery for 
athletes (collectively "body care brands"). Also included in the purchase is Zola, a coconut water sourced exclusively with sustainably grown coconuts 
from Thailand. 

On July 8, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement to license Saavy Naturals to Radiance Beauty and Wellness, Inc. ("Radiance Beauty"). 

In July 2023, management made the decision to exit the remaining body care brands, Soul Spring and ProVault, as a result of continued pressure on the 
CBD market due to regulatory uncertainty. Body care operations ceased as of September 30, 2023. 

In August 2019, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with Legacy Ventures Hawaii, LLC (“Legacy,” see Note 6) to grow, extract, and sell 
hemp products. The partnership Archipelago Ventures Hawaii, LLC (“Archipelago”), combines the Company’s extensive genetic expertise and resources 
with Legacy’s experience in hemp extraction and sales. In October 2021, Arcadia and Legacy mutually agreed to wind down the cultivation activities of 
Archipelago, due to regulatory challenges and a saturated hemp market.

In February 2012, the Company formed Verdeca, which was equally owned with Bioceres. Verdeca was formed to develop and deregulate soybean varieties 
using both partners’ agricultural technologies. In November 2020, Arcadia sold its membership interest in Verdeca to Bioceres in a transaction in which 
Arcadia received cash, shares of Bioceres stock and a royalty stream of up to $10.0 million on sales of Haab 4 soybeans (“HB4”). An additional $2.0 
million in cash is to be paid to Arcadia upon Verdeca of achieving commercial plantings of at least 200,000 hectares of HB4 or China approving the HB4 
soybean trait for “food and feed”. During 2022, Bioceres received China's approval of the HB4 soybean trait and as a result, Arcadia recorded license 
revenue of $862,000 and a gain on sale of Verdeca of $1.1 million on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company 
received the full payment of $2.0 million as of December 31, 2023. 

 
 
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Reverse Stock Split

Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

In February 2023, the Company’s board of directors approved a reverse split of 40:1 on the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. On February 
15, 2023, the Company’s stockholders approved the certificate of amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation, which the Company filed on 
February 27, 2023 with the Secretary of State of Delaware to effect the reverse split on March 1, 2023. As a result of the reverse stock split, 19,118 
additional shares of common stock were issued in lieu of fractional shares. All issued and outstanding common stock, options to purchase common stock 
and per share amounts contained in the consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split for all periods 
presented.

Liquidity, Capital Resources, and Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the 
satisfaction of liabilities during the normal course of business. Since inception, the Company has financed its operations primarily through equity and debt 
financings. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $271.8 million, cash and cash equivalents of $6.5 million and short-term 
investments of $5.1 million. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had net losses of $14.0 million and $15.6 million, 
respectively, and net cash used in operations of $15.3 million and $14.0 million, respectively. The Company believes that its existing cash and cash 
equivalents and short-term investments will not be sufficient to meet its anticipated cash requirements for at least the next 12 months from the issuance date 
of these financial statements, and thus raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not 
include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

The Company may seek to raise additional funds through debt or equity financings. The Company may also consider entering into additional partner 
arrangements. The sale of additional equity would result in dilution to the Company’s stockholders. The incurrence of debt would result in debt service 
obligations, and the instruments governing such debt could provide for additional operating and financing covenants that would restrict operations. If the 
Company requires additional funds and is unable to secure adequate additional funding at terms agreeable to the Company, the Company may be forced to 
reduce spending, extend payment terms with suppliers, liquidate assets, or suspend or curtail planned product launches. Any of these actions could 
materially harm the business, results of operations and financial condition.

Discontinued Operations

In July 2023, management made the decision to exit its body care brands as a result of continued pressure on the CBD market due to regulatory uncertainty. 
Body care operations ceased as of September 30, 2023. In accordance with the provisions of ASC 205-20, the Company has separately reported the assets 
and liabilities of the discontinued operations in the consolidated balance sheets and the results of the discontinued operations as a separate component of 
loss on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for all periods presented.

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

Major classes of line items constituting the balance sheet of discontinued operations:

(In thousands)
Assets
Accounts receivable and other receivables
Inventories, net — current
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Property and equipment, net

Total assets

Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses

Total liabilities

Major classes of line items constituting net loss from discontinued operations:

(In thousands)
Product revenue
Cost of revenues
Impairment of intangible assets
Impairment of property and equipment
Selling, general and administrative
Other income, net

Net loss from discontinued operations

The following table presents significant non-cash items of discontinued operations:

(In thousands)
Depreciation
Impairment of intangible assets
Write-down of inventories
Impairment of property and equipment
Accounts receivable and other receivables
Inventories
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Accounts payable and accrued expenses

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

—     $
—    
—    
—    
—     $

—     $
—     $

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

  $

357  
(314 )  
—  
—  
(864 )  
—  
(821 )   $

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

24     $
—     $
—     $
—     $
66     $
250     $
14     $
(26 )   $

66  
250  
14  
24  
354  

26  
26  

2,537  
(3,700 )
(263 )
(371 )
(3,011 )
24  
(4,784 )

88  
263  
1,369  
371  
588  
(251 )
132  
(415 )

  $

  $

  $
  $

  $

  $

  $
  $
  $
  $
  $
  $
  $
  $

There were no other significant operating or investing non-cash items for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and Archipelago. All intercompany balances and transactions have been 
eliminated in consolidation. The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States of America, or U.S. GAAP (“GAAP”), and with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The Company uses a qualitative approach in assessing the consolidation requirement for variable interest entities ("VIEs"). This approach focuses on 
determining whether the Company has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance and 
whether the Company has the obligation to absorb losses, or the right to receive benefits, that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

For all periods presented, the Company has determined that it is the primary beneficiary of Archipelago, a joint venture, as it has a controlling interest in 
Archipelago. Accordingly, the Company consolidates Archipelago in the consolidated financial statements after eliminating intercompany transactions. For 
consolidated joint ventures, the non-controlling partner’s share of the assets, liabilities and operations of the joint venture is included in non-controlling 
interests as equity of the Company. The non-controlling partner’s interest is generally computed as the joint venture partner’s ownership percentage of 
Archipelago. Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest of $5,000 and $236,000 is recorded as an adjustment to net loss to arrive at net loss 
attributable to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The non-controlling partner’s equity interests are 
presented as non-controlling interests on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Reclassifications

Certain previously reported financial information has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. For a discussion of the reclassification 
of the financial presentation of our former body care brands reported as discontinued operations, see “Discontinued Operations” section above. Unless 
otherwise noted, amounts and disclosures throughout these notes to consolidated financial statements relate solely to continuing operations and exclude all 
discontinued operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in the Company’s 
consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management included the determination of revenue 
recognition, the provision for income taxes, net realizable value of inventory, and fair value of the preferred investment option and contingent liabilities. 
Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other market-specific and relevant assumptions that management believes to be 
reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers any liquid investment with a stated maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be a cash equivalent. Cash and cash 
equivalents consist of cash on deposit with banks and money-market funds. The Company limits cash investments to financial institutions with high credit 
standings; therefore, management believes that there is no significant exposure to any credit risk in the Company’s cash and cash equivalents.

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Investments in debt and equity securities

Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

Investments in debt and equity securities are carried at fair value and classified as short-term investments. Unrealized gains and losses are included in 
accumulated other comprehensive income, which is reflected as a separate component of stockholder’s equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Gains and 
losses are recognized when realized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Investment securities are reported as cash and 
cash equivalent, short-term investments or long-term investments in the consolidated balance sheets based on the nature of the investments and maturity 
period. Short-term investments have maturities of less than a year and long-term investments have maturities of a year and greater from the balance sheet 
date.

Other-than-temporary impairments on investments 

The Company regularly reviews each of its investments for impairment by determining if the investment has sustained an other-than-temporary decline in 
its value, in which case the investment is written down to its fair value by a charge to earnings. Factors that are considered by the Company in determining 
whether an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred include (i) the market value of the investment in relation to its cost basis, (ii) the financial 
condition of the investment, and (iii) the Company’s intent and ability to retain the investment for a sufficient period of time to allow for recovery of the 
market value of the investment. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was no impairment of the Company’s investments.

Accounts receivable and other receivables

Accounts receivable represents amounts owed to the Company from product sales, licenses, and royalties. Other receivables represent amounts owed to the 
Company for miscellaneous non-trade activities including the sale of property and equipment. The carrying value of the Company’s receivables represents 
estimated net realizable values. The Company generally does not require collateral and estimates any required allowance for doubtful accounts based on 
historical collection trends, the age of outstanding receivables, and existing economic conditions. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that 
specific receivable balances may be impaired, further consideration is given to the collectability of those balances and the allowance is recorded 
accordingly. Past-due receivable balances are written off when the Company’s internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful in collecting the amounts 
due. The Company had $0 and $3,000 amounts reserved for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and the allowance activity 
during each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, was immaterial.

Inventory

Inventory costs are tracked on a lot-identified basis and are included as cost of revenues when sold. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net 
realizable value. The Company makes adjustments to inventory when conditions indicate that the net realizable value may be less than cost due to physical 
deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels, or other factors. Additional adjustments to inventory are made for excess and slow-moving inventory 
on hand that is not expected to be sold within a reasonable timeframe to reduce the carrying amount to its estimated net realizable value.

GoodWheat: Proprietary wheat plants are grown, producing seed and grain with a variety of improved nutritional qualities, including high levels of 
amylose, improved shelf life, and reduced gluten. The seed is used for subsequent plantings and the grain is either sold or used as an ingredient in the 
production of food products, which the Company refers to collectively as GoodWheat products. Amounts inventoried consist primarily of fees paid to 
contracted cooperators to grow the crops, costs to process harvested seed and grain, and costs to mill the grain into flour.

Zola Coconut water: Inventories mainly consist of coconut water imported from Thailand, freight-in, supplies, and labor.

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

The inventories—current line item on the balance sheet represents inventory forecasted to be sold or used in production in the next 12 months, as of the 
balance sheet date, and consists primarily of the cost of GoodWheat products and Zola Coconut water. The inventories—noncurrent line item on the 
balance sheet represents inventory expected to be used in production or sold beyond the next 12 months, as of the balance sheet date, and consists primarily 
of GoodWheat products, seed and grain.

Raw materials inventories consist primarily of GoodWheat seeds and in-transit Zola Coconut Water. Finished goods inventories consist primarily of 
GoodWheat products and Zola Coconut Water that are available for sale, as well as GoodWheat grain.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment acquisitions are recorded at cost. Provisions for depreciation are calculated using the straight-line method over the following 
average estimated useful lives of the assets:

Laboratory equipment
Software and computer equipment
Machinery and equipment
Furniture and fixtures
Vehicles
Leasehold improvements

Years

5  
3  
2-20  
7  
5  
2-10 *

*Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated life of the asset or the remaining life of the lease.

The Company evaluates if events and circumstances have occurred that indicate the remaining estimated useful life of fixed assets may warrant revision or 
that the remaining balance of these assets may not be recoverable. In evaluating for recoverability, the Company estimates the future undiscounted cash 
flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. In the event that the balance of any asset exceeds the future undiscounted 
cash flow estimate, impairment is recognized based on the excess of the carrying amounts of the asset above its estimated fair value.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value accounting is applied for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in 
the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated financial statements are 
categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Hierarchical levels, which are directly related to 
the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to the valuation of these assets or liabilities, are as follows:

•

•

•

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company can access at the 
measurement date.

Level 2 inputs are observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical 
or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for 
substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

Concentration of risk

Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on 
such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and 

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

are maintained with financial institutions with reputable credit and therefore bear minimal credit risk. The Company seeks to mitigate its credit risks by 
spreading such risks across multiple counterparties and monitoring the risk profiles of these counterparties.

Customer concentration

Significant customers are those that represent greater than 10% of the Company’s total revenues or gross accounts receivable balance at each respective 
balance sheet date.

Customers representing greater than 10% of accounts receivable were as follows (in percentages):

Customer A
Customer B

Customers representing greater than 10% of total revenues were as follows (in percentages):

Customer B
Customer C
Customer D

Stock-based compensation

As of
December 31,

2023

2022

—  
19  

For Year Ended
December 31,

2023

2022

10  
—  
15  

57  
—  

—  
13  
—  

The Company recognizes compensation expense related to its employee stock purchase plan and the cost of stock-based compensation awards on a 
straight-line basis over the requisite service period, net of estimated forfeitures. Judgment is required in estimating the amount of stock-based awards that 
will be forfeited prior to vesting. Compensation expense could be revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The 
Company has selected the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and various inputs to estimate the fair value of its stock-based awards. See Note 12 for 
additional information. Amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss were as follows (in thousands):

Research and development
Selling, general and administrative

Total stock-based compensation

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

3     $

714    
717     $

75  
1,031  
1,106  

  $

  $

Income taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined 
based on the differences between the financial reporting and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that 
will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a 
deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Net loss per share

Basic net loss per share, which excludes dilution, is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average 
number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or 
other contracts to issue common stock, such as stock options, convertible promissory notes, convertible preferred stock, redeemable convertible preferred 

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

stock and warrants, result in the issuance of common stock which share in the losses of the Company. Certain potential shares of common stock have been 
excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive. Such potentially dilutive shares are excluded when the 
effect would be to reduce the loss per share. Due to net losses, there is no impact on earnings per share calculation in applying the two-class method since 
the participating securities have no legal requirement to share in any losses.

Revenue recognition

The Company derives its revenues from product sales, licensing agreements and royalty fees.

Product revenues

Product revenues consist primarily of GoodWheat, Zola and GLA products. We recognize revenue from product sales when control of the product is 
transferred to third-party distributors and manufacturers, collectively “our customers,” which generally occurs upon delivery. The Company's revenues 
fluctuate depending on the timing of shipments of product to our customers and are reported net of estimated chargebacks, returns and losses.

License revenues

License revenues to date consist of up-front, nonrefundable license fees, annual license fees, and subsequent milestone payments that the Company 
receives under the Company’s research and license agreements. The Company recognizes revenue generated from up-front, nonrefundable license fees 
upon execution of the agreement and recognizes annual license fees when it is probable that a material reversal will not occur.

Milestone fees are variable consideration that is initially constrained and recognized only when it is probable that such amounts would not be reversed.  
The Company assesses when achievement of milestones is probable to determine the timing of revenue recognition for milestone fees. Milestones typically 
consist of significant stages of development for the Company’s traits in a potential commercial product, such as achievement of specific technological 
targets, completion of field trials, filing with regulatory agencies, completion of the regulatory process, and commercial launch of a product containing the 
Company’s traits. Given the seasonality of agriculture and time required to progress from one milestone to the next, achievement of milestones is 
inherently uneven, and the Company’s license revenues are likely to fluctuate significantly from period to period.

Royalty revenues

Royalty revenues consist of amounts earned from the sale of commercial products that incorporate the Company's traits by third parties. Royalty revenues 
consist of a minimum annual royalty, offset by amounts earned from the sale of products. The Company recognizes the minimum annual royalty on a 
straight-line basis over the year, and the Company recognizes royalty revenue resulting from the sale of products when the third parties transfer control of 
the 

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

product to their customers, which generally occurs upon shipment. Royalty revenues can fluctuate depending on the timing of shipments of product by the 
third parties to their customers.

Unearned revenue

The Company defers revenue to the extent that cash received in conjunction with a license agreement is not yet earned in accordance with the Company 
policies.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues primarily relates to the sale of GoodWheat and Zola products and consists of the cost of raw materials, including internal and third-party 
services costs related to procuring, processing, formulating, packaging and shipping our products, as well as in-licensing and royalty fees, any adjustments 
or write-downs to inventory or prepaid production costs.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in the development and testing of the Company's products and other products in development 
incorporating the Company's traits. These expenses currently consist primarily of fees paid to product formulation consultants and are expensed as 
incurred. Additionally, the Company is required from time to time to make certain milestone payments in connection with the development of technologies 
in-licensed from third parties. The Company's research and development expenses may fluctuate from period to period.

Change in the estimated fair value of common stock warrant and option liabilities

Change in the estimated fair value of common stock warrant and option liabilities is comprised of the fair value remeasurement of liability classified 
common stock warrants and options. See Note 10.

Note 3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – 
Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Additionally, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification 
Improvements to Topic 326 in April 2019 and ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) — Targeted Transition Relief in May 
2019. The amendments affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off-balance-sheet credit exposures, reinsurance 
receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. In November 2019, the FASB issued 
ASU No. 2019-10, which defers the effective date of ASU No. 2016-13 for smaller reporting companies to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, 
including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13 on January 1, 2023 with an immaterial impact on the 
Company’s disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) — Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.  The 
amendments in this update improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment 
expenses. The new guidance is effective retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years 
beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this update on our segment disclosures in 
Note 17.

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) — Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.  The amendments in this 
update require additional income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The new guidance is effective either 
prospectively or retrospectively, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact 
of this update on our income tax disclosures.

Note 4. Inventory

Inventory costs are tracked on a lot-identified basis and are included as cost of revenues when sold. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net 
realizable value. The Company makes adjustments to inventory when conditions indicate that the net realizable value may be less than cost due to physical 
deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels, or other factors. Additional adjustments to inventory are made for excess and slow-moving inventory 
on hand that is not expected to be sold within a reasonable timeframe to reduce the carrying amount to its estimated net realizable value. The write-downs 
to inventory are included in cost of revenues and are based upon estimates about future demand from the Company’s customers and distributors and market 
conditions. The Company recorded inventory write-downs of $444,000 related to packaging materials, hemp seed and GoodWheat during the year ended 
December 31, 2023. The Company recorded write-downs of wheat, hemp seed and CBD oil inventories, as well as body care products of $2.5 million for 
the year ended December 31, 2022. Of inventory write-downs during the year ended December 31, 2022, $394,000 was related to the Radiance Beauty 
licensing agreement. If there are significant changes in demand and market conditions, substantial future write-downs of inventory may be required, which 
would materially increase the Company’s expenses in the period the write down is taken and materially affect the Company’s operating results.

Inventories, net consist of the following (in thousands):

Raw materials
Goods in process
Finished goods

Inventories

December 31,
2023

December 31,
2022

  $

  $

484     $
55      
4,773      
5,312     $

610  
—  
2,478  
3,088  

Note 5. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

Laboratory equipment
Software and computer equipment
Machinery and equipment
Furniture and fixtures
Vehicles
Leasehold improvements

Property and equipment, gross

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

Property and equipment, net

As of December 31,

2023

2022

273     $
349    
440    
39    
202    
1,590    
2,893    
(2,509 )  

384     $

679  
383  
450  
83  
306  
1,590  
3,491  
(2,811 )
680  

  $

  $

Depreciation expense was $287,000 and $439,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022, there was $10,000 of construction in progress included in property and equipment that had not been placed into service and was 
not subject to depreciation. As of December 31, 2023, there was no construction in progress included in property and equipment.

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

Property and equipment are considered assets held for sale when management approves and commits to a plan to dispose of a property or group of 
properties. The property and equipment held for sale prior to the sale date is separately presented, within current assets, on the consolidated balance sheet 
as assets held for sale.

Property and equipment related to Archipelago, in the amount of $51,000 and $87,000 have been classified as assets held for sale, and are recorded at fair 
value as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The fair value has been estimated using publicly available prices for some of the assets, and 
business partners' estimates for assets with prices not readily available, due to the relatively small size of the industry in which they can be used. 

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold property and equipment and realized a gain on sale of $40,000 recorded on the consolidated 
statements of operations and comprehensive loss, with proceeds of $115,000. During the year ended December 31, 2022, management initiated the sale of 
property and equipment related to the Davis laboratory, Archipelago and Body Care. The Company completed the sale of such property and equipment 
with a net gain on sale of property and equipment in the amount of $314,000 recorded on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss 
during the year ended December 31, 2022. The proceeds related to the sale of property and equipment during the year ended December 31, 2022 were 
$920,000.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded write-downs of property and equipment of $530,000, of which $320,000 was related to 
the Radiance Beauty licensing agreement. There were no such write-downs of property and equipment during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Note 6. Investments and Fair Value Instruments 

Investments

The investments are carried at fair value, based on quoted market prices or other readily available market information. Unrealized gains and losses are 
included in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is reflected as a separate component of stockholder’s equity in the consolidated balance 
sheets. Gains and losses are recognized when realized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair value of the investment securities portfolio at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2023
Cash equivalents:

Money market funds
Short-term investments:

Treasury bills

Total Assets at Fair Value

(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2022
Cash equivalents:

Money market funds

Total Assets at Fair Value

Amortized
Cost

Unrealized
Gains

Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
Fair Value

  $

4,925     $

—     $

—     $

4,925  

  $

5,023    
9,948     $

101    
101     $

—    
—     $

5,124  
10,049  

Amortized
Cost

Unrealized
Gains

Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
Fair Value

  $
  $

18,620     $
18,620     $

—     $
—     $

—     $
—     $

18,620  
18,620  

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

The Company did not have any investment categories that were in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than twelve months as of December 31, 
2023 and 2022.

Fair Value Measurement

The fair value of the investment securities at December 31, 2023 were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)
Assets at Fair Value
Cash equivalents:

Money market funds
Short-term investments:

Treasury bills

Total Assets at Fair Value

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

  $

4,925     $

—     $

—     $

4,925  

  $

5,124    
10,049     $

—    
—     $

—    
—     $

5,124  
10,049  

The fair value of the investment securities at December 31, 2022 were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)
Assets at Fair Value
Cash equivalents:

Money market funds

Total Assets at Fair Value

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

  $
  $

18,620     $
18,620     $

—     $
—     $

—     $
—     $

18,620  
18,620  

The Company uses the market approach technique to value its financial instruments and there were no changes in valuation techniques during 2023 or 
2022. The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and other 
receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. For short-term investments, accounts receivable and other receivables, accounts payable and accrued 
liabilities, the carrying amounts of these financial instruments as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were considered representative of their fair 
values due to their short term to maturity or repayment. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value.

The Company’s Level 3 liabilities consist of a contingent liability resulting from the Anawah, Inc. ("Anawah") acquisition as described in Note 13, as well 
as preferred investment options related to the March 2023 Private Placement and August 2022 Registered Direct offerings discussed in Note 10.

The contingent liability related to the Anawah acquisition was measured and recorded on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, using 
unobservable inputs, namely the Company’s ability and intent to pursue certain specific products developed using technology acquired in the purchase. A 
significant deviation in the Company’s ability and/or intent to pursue the technology acquired in the purchase could result in a significantly lower (higher) 
fair value measurement.

The preferred investment option liabilities were measured and recorded on a recurring basis using the Black-Scholes Model with the following assumptions 
at December 31, 2023 and 2022:  

March 2023 Options - Series A & 
March 2023 Placement Agent Options

December 31,
2023

December 31,
2022

March 2023 Options - Series B

December 31,
2023

December 31,
2022

August 2022 Options & August 2022 
Placement Agent Options

December 31,
2023

December 31,
2022

Remaining term (in years)
Expected volatility
Risk-free interest rate
Expected dividend yield

4.16  
91.7 % 
3.9 % 
0 % 

0.61  
78.7 % 
5.2 % 
0 % 

—  
—  
—  
—  

3.67  
90.5 % 
4.0 % 
0 % 

4.67  
106.2 %
4.0 %
0 %

—  
—  
—  
—  

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s Level 3 warrant liabilities is volatility. A significant increase 
(decrease) in volatility could result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.

The following table sets forth the establishment of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities, as well as a summary of the changes in the fair value and other 
adjustments (in thousands):

(Dollars in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2022

Initial recognition
Change in fair value and
   other adjustments

March 2023
Options - Series A  
—  
4,324  

  $

March 2023
Options - Series B  
—  
2,274  

  $

  $

Balance as of December 31, 2023

  $

(3,316 )  
1,008  

  $

(2,233 )  
41  

  $

March 2023 
Placement Agent 
Options

August 2022
Options

August 2022
Placement Agent 
Options

Contingent
Liabilities

Total

  $

—  
212  

(166 )  
46  

  $

  $

767  
—  

(608 )  
159  

  $

  $

39  
—  

(36 )  
3  

  $

  $

2,000  
—  

—  
2,000  

  $

2,806  
6,810  

(6,359 )
3,257  

Assets classified as held for sale are recorded at fair value as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company has classified the fair value measurements as 
a Level 3 measurement in the fair value hierarchy as the fair value has been estimated using publicly available prices for some of the assets, and business 
partners' estimates for assets with prices not readily available, due to the relatively small size of the industry in which they can be used.

51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Note 7. Consolidated Joint Venture

Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

In 2019, the Company and Legacy Ventures Hawaii, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company (“Legacy”), formed Archipelago Ventures Hawaii, LLC, a 
Delaware limited liability company and entered into a Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement (the “Operating Agreement”). The Company and 
Legacy formed Archipelago to develop, extract and commercialize hemp-derived products from industrial hemp grown in Hawaii.

Pursuant to the Operating Agreement, a joint operating committee consisting of two individuals appointed by the Company and two individuals appointed 
by Legacy will manage Archipelago. As of December 31, 2023, the Company and Legacy hold 50.75% and 49.25% interests in Archipelago, respectively, 
and have made capital contributions to Archipelago of $3.1 million and $3.0 million, respectively, as determined by the joint operating committee. The 
Operating Agreement includes indemnification rights, non-competition obligations, and certain rights and obligations in connection with the transfer of 
membership interests, including rights of first refusal.

The Company consolidates Archipelago in the consolidated financial statements after eliminating intercompany transactions. Net loss attributable to non-
controlling interest of $5,000 and $236,000 was recorded as an adjustment to net loss to arrive at net loss attributable to common stockholders for the years 
ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Legacy’s equity interests are presented as non-controlling interests on the consolidated balance sheets. 
Refer to Note 2 for basis of presentation.

In October 2021, Arcadia and Legacy mutually agreed to wind down the cultivation activities of Archipelago, due to regulatory challenges and a saturated 
hemp market.

Note 8. Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses

Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

Accounts payable - trade
Payroll and benefits
Inventory
Royalty fees due to unrelated parties
Consulting
Rent and utilities
Audit and tax fees
Legal
Other

Total accounts payable and accrued expenses

Note 9. Collaborative Arrangements

As of December 31,

2023

2022

801     $

1,303    
—    
4    
—    
—    
218    
40    
44    
2,410     $

905  
1,373  
69  
6  
8  
28  
99  
69  
298  
2,855  

  $

  $

In August 2017, the Company entered into a collaborative arrangement for the research, development and commercialization of an improved wheat quality 
trait in North America. This collaborative arrangement is a contractual agreement with Corteva AgriScience (“Corteva”) and involves a joint operating 
activity where both Arcadia and Corteva are active participants in the activities of the collaboration. Arcadia and Corteva participate in the research and 
development, and Arcadia has the primary responsibility for the intellectual property strategy while Corteva will generally lead the marketing and 
commercialization efforts. Both parties are exposed to significant risks and rewards of the collaboration and the agreement includes both cost sharing and 
profit sharing. The activities are performed with no guarantee of either technological or commercial success.

The Company accounts for research and development (“R&D”) costs in accordance ASC 730, Research and Development, which states R&D costs must be 
charged to expense as incurred. Accordingly, internal R&D costs are expensed as incurred. Third-party R&D costs are expensed when the contracted work 
has been performed or as milestone results are achieved.

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Note 10. Equity Financing

March 2023 Private Placement

Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

In March 2023, the Company issued in a private placement offering (the “March 2023 Private Placement”) pursuant to a securities purchase agreement 
(“March 2023 Purchase Agreement”) (i) 165,500 shares of its common stock, (ii) pre-funded common stock purchase warrants (the “March 2023 Pre-
Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to 500,834 shares of common stock, at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share, (iii) Series A preferred investment options 
(the “March 2023 Options - Series A") to purchase up to a total of 666,334 shares of common stock, at an exercise price of $9.00 per share, and (iv) Series 
B preferred investment options (the “March 2023 Options - Series B”, and together with the March 2023 Options - Series A, the "March 2023 Options") to 
purchase up to a total of 666,334 shares of common stock, at an exercise price of $9.00 per share, and raised total gross proceeds of $6.0 million. The 
March 2023 Private Placement closed on March 6, 2023. The March 2023 Pre-Funded Warrants became exercisable upon issuance and are exercisable until 
exercised in full. The March 2023 Options - Series A are exercisable at any time at the option of the holder and expire 5 years from the date of issuance. 
The March 2023 Options - Series B are exercisable at any time at the option of the holder and expire 1.5 years from the date of issuance. During the year 
ended December 31, 2023, 425,834 Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised.

In connection with the March 2023 Private Placement, the Company entered into preferred investment option amendment agreements (the “Option 
Amendment Agreements”) with certain investors. Under the Option Amendment Agreements, the Company agreed to amend certain existing warrants and 
preferred investment options to purchase up to a total of 178,132 shares of common stock that were previously issued to the investors in September 2019, 
May 2020, July 2020, December 2020, January 2021 and August 2022, with exercise prices of $300.80, $191.00, $154.00, $120.00, $125.20 and $37.35 
per share, respectively (the “Existing Warrants”). Under the Option Amendment Agreements, the Company agreed to lower the exercise price of the 
Existing Warrants to $9.00 per share. In addition, the Company granted to a placement agent preferred investment options to purchase a total of 33,317 
shares of Common Stock (the “March 2023 Placement Agent Options”) that have an exercise price per share equal to $11.25 and a term of 5 years from the 
date of issuance. The re-pricing of the Existing Warrants resulted in an increase in fair value of $404,000, of which $185,000 of the increase in fair value 
was related to the August 2022 liability classified options. The increase in fair value related to the re-pricing of Existing Warrants was recognized in 
Valuation Loss on March 2023 PIPE on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The March 2023 Options and March 2023 Placement Agent Options are classified as liabilities within Level 3 due to certain early settlement provisions 
that preclude them from equity classification. The Company utilized the Black-Scholes Model on March 6, 2023 with the following assumptions for the 
Series A Investment Options: volatility of 128.55%, stock price of $7.61 and risk-free rate of 4.27%. The following assumptions were utilized for the 
Series B Investment Options: volatility of 103.33%, stock price of $7.61 and risk-free rate of 4.97%. The estimated fair value of the liability classified 
March 2023 Options issued was $6.6 million. The estimated fair value of the common stock option liabilities was subsequently remeasured at December 
31, 2023 with the changes recorded on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. 

The estimated fair value of the common stock issued and March 2023 Pre-Funded Warrants was $5.1 million. The total estimated fair value of the common 
stock issued, March 2023 Pre-Funded Warrants and March 2023 Options as of March 6, 2023 exceeded the gross proceeds of the March 2023 Private 
Placement by $5.7 million and this amount was recognized in Valuation Loss on March 2023 PIPE on the consolidated statements of operations and 
comprehensive loss.

The March 2023 Placement Agent Options were issued for services performed by the placement agent as part of the March 2023 Private Placement and 
were treated as offering costs. The value of the March 2023 Placement Agent Options was determined to be $212,000, calculated using the Black-Scholes 
Model. The Company incurred additional offering costs totaling $548,000 that consist of direct incremental legal, advisory, accounting and filing fees 
relating to the March 2023 Private Placement. A total of $430,000 was allocated to the common stock option liabilities and expensed while the remaining 
$330,000 was allocated to the common stock and March 2023 Pre-Funded Warrants and offset to additional paid in capital.

August 2022 Registered Direct Offering

On May 11, 2018, the Company filed a shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 with the SEC which was declared effective on June 8, 2018 (“2018 Shelf 
Registration Statement”). On April 21, 2022, the Company filed a shelf 

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

Registration Statement on Form S-3 with the SEC which was declared effective on May 12, 2022 (“2022 Shelf Registration Statement”). Each of the 2018 
Shelf Registration Statement and the 2022 Shelf Registration Statement allows the Company to sell any combination of common stock, preferred stock, 
warrants and units consisting of such securities in one or more offerings from time to time having aggregate offering prices of up to $50.0 million. The 
Company ceased being able to use the 2018 Shelf Registration Statement after June 8, 2021, the three-year anniversary of its effective date.  The 2022 
Shelf Registration Statement may no longer be used after May 12, 2025, the three-year anniversary of its effective date.

In August 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “August 2022 Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which it sold (i) 61,250 
registered shares of its common stock, pursuant to the 2022 Shelf Registration Statement, (ii) pre-funded common stock purchase warrants (the “August 
2022 Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to 56,813 shares of common stock, at an exercise price of $0.004 per share, which the August 2022 Pre-
Funded Warrants were registered under the 2022 Shelf Registration Statement, and (iii) unregistered preferred investment options (the "August 2022 
Options") to purchase up to 118,063 shares of common stock, at an exercise price of $37.35 per share, for total gross proceeds of $5.0 million (the “August 
2022 Registered Direct Offering”). The August 2022 Registered Direct Offering closed on August 16, 2022. The August 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants 
became exercisable upon issuance and were fully exercised during the year ended December 31, 2023. The August 2022 Options became exercisable upon 
issuance and expire 5 years after the date of issuance. In connection with the August 2022 Registered Direct Offering, the Company granted to a placement 
agent preferred investment options ("August 2022 Placement Agent Options") to purchase a total of 5,904 shares of common stock that have an exercise 
price per share equal to $52.80 and a term of five years.

The August 2022 Options and August 2022 Placement Agent Options are classified as liabilities within Level 3 due to certain early settlement provisions 
that preclude them from equity classification. The Company utilized the Black-Scholes Model on August 16, 2022 with the following assumptions: 
volatility of 128.46%,  stock price of $37.60, risk-free rate of 2.97% and a term of 5 years. The estimated fair value of the common stock option liabilities 
was subsequently remeasured at December 31, 2023 with the changes recorded on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and 
comprehensive loss. 

The August 2022 Placement Agent Options were issued for services performed by the placement agent as part of the August 2022 Registered Direct 
Offering and were treated as offering costs. The value of the August 2022 Placement Agent Options was determined to be $191,000, calculated using the 
Black-Scholes Model. The Company incurred additional offering costs totaling $488,000 that consist of direct incremental legal, advisory, accounting and 
filing fees relating to the August 2022 Registered Direct Offering. The offering costs, inclusive of the August 2022 Placement Agent Options, totaled 
$679,000 and were allocated to the common stock option liabilities, the common stock and August 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants using their relative fair 
values. A total of $314,000 was allocated to the common stock option liabilities and expensed while the remaining $365,000 was allocated to the common 
stock and August 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants and offset to additional paid in capital.

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Note 11. Warrants and Options

Equity Classified Common Stock Warrants

Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

The Company issued the following warrants to purchase shares of its common stock, which are outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, 
respectively. These warrants are exercisable any time at the option of the holder until their expiration date.

March 2023 Pre-Funded Warrants
December 2022 Service and Performance Warrants (1)
October 2022 Service and Performance Warrants (1)
August 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants
January 2021 Placement Agent Warrants
January 2021 Service and Performance Warrants (1)(3)  
December 2020 Warrants (4)
December 2020 Warrants
December 2020 Placement Agent Warrants
July 2020 Warrants (4)
July 2020 Placement Agent Warrants
May 2020 Warrants (4)
May 2020 Warrants
May 2020 Placement Agent Warrants
March 2020 Service and Performance Warrants (1)(3)
September 2019 Placement Agent Warrants
June 2019 Placement Agent Warrants
April 2019 Service and Performance Warrants (1)
June 2018 Placement Agent Warrants (3)
March 2018 Placement Agent Warrants (3)
January 2021 Warrants (2)(4)
January 2021 Warrants (2)
September 2019 Warrants (2)(4)
September 2019 Warrants (2)
June 2019 Warrants (2)
March 2018 Warrants (2)(3)

Issuance Date
March 2023
  December 2022  
October 2022
August 2022
January 2021
January 2021
  December 2020  
  December 2020  
  December 2020  
July 2020
July 2020
May 2020
May 2020
May 2020
March 2020

September 2019  

June 2019
April 2019
June 2018
March 2018
January 2021
January 2021

September 2019  
September 2019  

June 2019
March 2018

Total

Exercise
Price Per
Share

Term
—  
perpetual   $
11.20  
5 years   $
16.00  
5 years   $
—  
perpetual   $
159.60  
5.5 years   $
123.20  
2 years   $
9.00  
5.5 years   $
120.00  
5.5 years   $
152.80  
5 years   $
9.00  
5.5 years   $
198.80  
5.5 years   $
9.00  
5 years   $
191.20  
5 years   $
245.20  
5 years   $
100.00  
3 years   $
379.20  
5 years   $
251.60  
5 years   $
247.20  
5 years   $
5 years   $
502.80  
5 years   $ 1,662.40  
9.00  
125.20  
9.00  
300.80  
200.00  
429.20  

5.5 years   $
5.5 years   $
5.5 years   $
5.5 years   $
5.5 years   $
5 years   $

Exercised
during the
Year Ended
December 31,
2022

Outstanding at
December 31,
2022

—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  

—  
1,000  
1,000  
56,813  
9,846  
188  
16,367  
49,100  
3,274  
16,036  
802  
9,946  
24,863  
1,741  
459  
1,649  
1,862  
3,629  
1,741  
376  
7,831  
90,629  
9,892  
6,594  
10,896  
16,036  
342,570  

Exercised
during the
Year Ended
December 31,
2023
(425,834 )  

—  
—  

(56,813 )  

—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  

(482,647 )  

Outstanding at
December 31,
2023

75,000  
1,000  
1,000  
—  
9,846  
—  
16,367  
49,100  
3,274  
16,036  
802  
9,946  
24,863  
1,741  
—  
1,649  
1,862  
3,629  
—  
—  
7,831  
90,629  
9,892  
6,594  
10,896  
—  
341,957  

(1) The Company issued service and performance warrants (“Service and Performance Warrants”) in connection with professional services agreements with 
non-affiliated third party entities.

(2) Certain warrants contain a contingent cash payment feature and therefore were accounted for as a liability at the date of issuance and were adjusted to 
fair value at each balance sheet date. Upon adoption of ASU No. 2020-06 on January 1, 2022, all of the common stock warrant liabilities have been 
reclassified to equity classified common stock warrants, due to the elimination of the contingent cash payments as criteria for liability classification.

(3) These warrants expired in the during the year ended December 31, 2023.

(4) These warrants were repriced as part of the March 2023 Private Placement offering.

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

Liability Classified Preferred Investment Options

The preferred investment options issued in connection with the March 2023 Private Placement and August 2022 Registered Direct offerings contain certain 
early settlement provisions that preclude them from equity classification and therefore were accounted for as liabilities at the date of issuance and are 
adjusted to fair value at each balance sheet date.  The change in fair value of the options liabilities is recorded as change in fair value of common stock 
warrant and option liabilities in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The key terms and activity of the liability classified 
preferred investment options are summarized as follows: 

March 2023 Options - Series A
March 2023 Options - Series B

March 2023 Placement Agent Options
August 2022 Options (1)
August 2022 Placement Agent Options

Total

Issuance Date
  March 2023  

  March 2023  
  March 2023  
  August 2022  
  August 2022  

Term  
5 years   $
1.5 year

s   $
5 years   $
5 years   $
5 years   $

Exercise
Price Per
Share

9.00  

9.00  
11.25  
9.00  
52.80  

Exercised
during the
Year Ended
December 31,
2022

Outstanding at
December 31,
2022

Exercised
during the
Year Ended
December 31,
2023

—  

—  
—  
—  
—  
—  

—  

—  
—  
118,063  
5,904  
123,967  

Outstanding at
December 31,
2023

666,334  

666,334  
33,317  
118,063  
5,904  
1,489,952  

—  

—  
—  
—  
—  
—  

See Note 6 for the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the preferred investment 
options liabilities.

Note 12. Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Stock Purchase Program

Stock Incentive Plans

The Company has two equity incentive plans: the 2006 Stock Plan (“2006 Plan”) and the 2015 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (“2015 Plan”).

In 2006, the Company adopted the 2006 Plan, which provided for the granting of stock options to executives, employees, and other service providers under 
terms and provisions established by the Board of Directors. The Company granted non-statutory stock options (“NSOs”) under the 2006 Plan until May 
2015, when it was terminated as to future awards, although it continues to govern the terms of options that remain outstanding and were issued under the 
2006 Plan. The 2015 Plan became effective upon the Company’s IPO in May 2015 and all shares that were reserved, but not issued, under the 2006 Plan 
were assumed by the 2015 Plan. Upon effectiveness, the 2015 Plan had 3,860 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance, which included 259 that 
were transferred to and assumed by the 2015 Plan. The 2015 Plan provides for automatic annual increases in shares available for grant. In addition, shares 
subject to awards under the 2006 Plan that are forfeited or canceled will be added to the 2015 Plan. The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock 
options (“ISOs”), NSOs, restricted stock awards, stock units, stock appreciation rights, and other forms of equity compensation, all of which may be 
granted to employees, officers, non-employee directors, and consultants. The exercise price for ISOs and NSOs will be granted at a price per share not less 
than the fair value of our common stock at the date of grant. Options granted generally vest over a four-year period; however, there might be alternative 
vesting schedules, as approved by the Board. Options granted, once vested, are generally exercisable for up to 10 years, after grant to the extent vested.

In June 2019, the shareholders approved an amendment to the Company’s 2015 Plan for a one-time increase to the number of shares of common stock that 
may be issued under the 2015 Plan by 3,000 shares. On February 2, 2022, Stanley Jacot, Jr. was hired as the new president and chief executive officer of 
the Company. The Company granted Mr. Jacot an inducement stock option to purchase 7,902 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to Rule 
5635(c)(4) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. The Company has filed a registration statement on Form S-8 to register the 

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

issuance of shares upon exercise of this inducement stock option. The inducement options grants have been issued outside of the 2015 Plan, but are subject 
to the terms and conditions of the 2015 Plan. As of December 31, 2023, a total of 86,835 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 
2015 Plan, of which 15,226 shares of common stock are available for future grant. As of December 31, 2023, a total of 102 and 71,609 options were 
outstanding under the 2006 and 2015 Plans, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, a total of 103 and 51,421 options were outstanding under the 2006 and 
2015 Plans, respectively. A total of 8,366 and 8,477 inducement options were outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following is a summary of stock option information and weighted average exercise prices under the Company’s stock incentive plans (in thousands, 
except share data and price per share):

Outstanding — Balance at December 31, 2021

Options granted
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Options expired

Outstanding — Balance at December 31, 2022

Options granted
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Options expired

Outstanding — Balance at December 31, 2023

Vested and expected to vest — December 31, 2023

Exercisable —December 31, 2023

Shares
Subject to
Outstanding
Options

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

35,554     $
33,408    
—    
(6,658 )  
(2,302 )  
60,002    
26,021    
—    
(5,644 )  
(301 )  
80,078    
74,608    
41,735     $

211.20     $
44.00    
—    
91.60    
644.80    
114.80    
6.38    
—    
29.58    
121.05    

85.30    

89.85    

139.82     $

—  
11,880  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
39,062  
—  

—  

—  

—  

Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the exercise price of the options and the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock 
determined by its Board of Directors for each of the respective periods.

As of December 31, 2023, there was $623,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock-based compensation grants that will be 
recognized over the weighted-average remaining recognition period of 2.1 years.

In determining the fair value of the stock-based awards, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and assumptions discussed below. Each 
of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment to determine.

Expected Term—The expected term is the estimated period of time outstanding for stock options granted and was estimated based on a simplified method 
allowed by the SEC, and defines the term as the average of the contractual term of the options and the weighted-average vesting period for all open 
employee awards.

Expected Volatility—The historical volatility data was computed using the daily closing prices for the Company’s shares during the equivalent period of the 
calculated expected term of the stock-based awards.

Risk-Free Interest Rate—The risk-free interest rate is based on the interest rate of U.S. Treasuries of comparable maturities on the date the options were 
granted.

Expected Dividend—The expected dividend yield is based on the Company’s expectation of future dividend payouts to common stockholders.

The fair value of stock option awards was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average 
assumption:

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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

Assumptions
Expected term (years)
Expected volatility
Risk-free interest rate
Expected dividend yield

  Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

7.06      
124 %   
3.61 %   

—  

6.40  
122 %
2.61 %

—  

The weighted-average, estimated grant date fair value of employee stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $5.72 
and $38.50, respectively. The Company recognized $717,000 and $1.1 million of compensation expense for stock options awards for the years ended 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company’s 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) became effective on May 14, 2015. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares 
of the Company’s common stock at a discount of up to 15% of their eligible compensation through payroll deductions, subject to any plan limitations. After 
the first offering period, which began on May 14, 2015 and ended on February 1, 2016, the ESPP provides for six-month offering periods, and at the end of 
each offering period, employees are able to purchase shares at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first 
trading day of the offering period or on the last day of the offering period. As of December 31, 2023, the number of shares of common stock reserved for 
future issuance under the ESPP were 7,265. The ESPP provides for automatic annual increases in the shares available for purchase beginning on January 1, 
2016. As of December 31, 2023, 3,468 shares had been issued under the ESPP. The Company recorded $6,000 and $4,000 of ESPP related compensation 
expense for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

The Company leases office and laboratory space, grain storage bins, warehouse space, farmland, and equipment under operating lease agreements having 
initial lease terms ranging from one to five years, including certain renewal options available to the Company at market rates. See Note 14.

Legal Matters

From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, the Company may become involved in certain legal proceedings. The Company currently is not a 
party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings.

Contingent Liability Related to the Anawah Acquisition

In June 2005, the Company completed its agreement and plan of merger and reorganization with Anawah to purchase the Anawah’s food and agricultural 
research company through a non-cash stock purchase. Pursuant to the merger with Anawah, and in accordance with the ASC 805 - Business Combinations, 
the Company incurred a contingent liability not to exceed $5.0 million. This liability represents amounts to be paid to Anawah’s previous stockholders for 
cash collected on revenue recognized by the Company upon commercial sale of certain specific products developed using technology acquired in the 
purchase. During 2010, the Company ceased activities relating to three of the six Anawah product programs thus, the contingent liability was reduced to 
$3.0 million. During 2016, one of the programs previously accrued for was abandoned and another program previously abandoned was reactivated. During 
2019, the Company determined that one of the technologies was no longer active and decided to abandon the previously accrued program. As of December 
31, 2023, the Company continues to pursue or are otherwise liable for a total of two development programs using this technology and believes that the 
contingent liability is probable. As a result, $2.0 million remains on the consolidated balance sheet as an other noncurrent liability.

Contingent Liability Related to the ISI Acquisition 

In August 2020, the Company acquired by merger ISI. A portion of the purchase price consideration for the acquisition in the amount of $280,000 was to 
be recognized in two annual installments, each of up to 3,316 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to the achievement of revenue milestones in 
2021 and 2022. The contingent consideration was measured and recorded at fair value. The contingent consideration liability was remeasured quarterly 
with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. During 2022, the contingent consideration 
liability was fully written down as the probability of achievement of the 2022 revenue milestone was remote.

Contracts

The Company has entered into contract research agreements with unrelated parties that require the Company to pay certain funding commitments. The 
initial terms of these agreements range from one to three years in duration and in certain cases are cancelable.

The Company licenses certain technologies via executed agreements (“In-Licensing Agreements”) that are used to develop and advance the Company’s 
own technologies. The Company has entered into various In-Licensing Agreements with related and unrelated parties that require the Company to pay 
certain license fees, royalties, and/or milestone fees. In addition, certain royalty payments ranging from 2% to 15% of net revenue amounts as defined in 
the In-Licensing Agreements are or will be due.

59

 
 
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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

The Company could be adversely affected by certain actions by the government as it relates to government contract revenue received in prior years. 
Government agencies, such as the Defense Contract Audit Agency routinely audit and investigate government contractors. These agencies review a 
contractor’s performance under its agreements; cost structure; and compliance with applicable laws, regulations and standards. The agencies also review 
the adequacy of, and a contractor’s compliance with, its internal control systems and policies, including the contractor’s purchasing, property, estimating, 
compensation and management information systems. While the Company’s management anticipates no adverse result from an audit, should any costs be 
found to be improperly allocated to a government agreement, such costs will not be reimbursed, or if already reimbursed, may need to be refunded. If an 
audit uncovers improper or illegal activities, civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, forfeiture of 
profits, suspension of payments or fines, and suspension or prohibition from doing business with the government could occur. In addition, serious 
reputational harm or significant adverse financial effects could occur if allegations of impropriety were made against the Company. There currently are 
routine audits in process relating to government grant revenues.

Note 14. Leases

Operating Leases

As of December 31, 2023, the Company leases office space in Dallas, Texas, Davis and Sacramento, California, as well as additional buildings, land and 
equipment. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these short-
term leases on a straight-line basis. The Company subleases the Davis office to third parties. In 2022, the Company terminated its lease for office space in 
Chesterfield, MO effective September 30, 2022. The original lease term was scheduled to expire in May 2024. As a result, the Company paid $47,000 in 
early termination fees. In addition, the Company subleased the facility in Chatsworth, CA to Radiance Beauty as part of the licensing agreement beginning 
November 1, 2022 for the remainder of the lease term. During 2022, the Company entered into an agreement to lease office space in Dallas, Texas. The 
new lease commenced in July 2022.

Some leases (the Dallas and Davis offices and a warehouse) include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from 
one to six years. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company’s sole discretion. 

The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material variable lease payments, material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. 
Leases consisted of the following (in thousands):

Leases
Assets
Operating lease assets
Total leased assets

Liabilities
Current - Operating
Noncurrent - Operating
Total leased liabilities

Classification

December 31, 2023    

December 31, 2022  

 Right of use asset

 Operating lease liability - current
 Operating lease liability - noncurrent

  $
  $

  $

  $

792     $
792     $

852     $
155    
1,007     $

1,848  
1,848  

1,010  
1,007  
2,017  

60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

Lease Cost
Operating lease cost
Short term lease cost
Sublease income 
Net lease cost

(1)

Classification

 SG&A and R&D Expenses
 SG&A and R&D Expenses
 SG&A and R&D Expenses

(1) Sublease income is recorded as a reduction to lease expense.

For the 
Year Ended
December 31,
2023

For the 
Year Ended
December 31,
2022

$

$

763     $
13    
(450 )  
326     $

1,028  
6  
(384 )
650  

Lease Term and Discount Rate

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Weighted-average remaining
   lease term (years)
Weighted-average discount rate

2.3    
6 % 

The maturities of the operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

Years Ending December 31,
2024
2025
Total operating lease payments

Less: imputed interest

Total current and noncurrent operating lease liabilities

2.4  

6 %

Amounts

$

$

$

886  
156  
1,042  
35  
1,007  

Note 15. Income Taxes

The components of loss before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

Domestic
Foreign

Loss before income taxes

Year Ended December 31,
2022
2023

  $

  $

(13,978 )   $

—    
(13,978 )   $

(15,598 )
—  
(15,598 )

61

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

The total income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was expense of $8,000 and $14,000, respectively, and is comprised of 
current state taxes and foreign taxes withheld by governmental agencies outside of the United States, as follows (in thousands):

Current:

Federal
State
Foreign

Total current tax (expense)

Deferred:
Federal
State
Foreign

Total deferred tax (expense)

Total tax (expense)

Year Ended December 31,
2022
2023

  $

  $

—     $
(7 )  
(1 )  
(8 )  

—    
—    
—    
—    
(8 )   $

—  
(13 )
(1 )
(14 )

—  
—  
—  
—  
(14 )

The Company operates in only one federal jurisdiction, the United States. The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the 
Company’s effective tax rate is as follows:

Expected income tax provision at the federal statutory rate
State taxes, net of federal benefits
Change in valuation allowance
Derivative liability
PIPE Transactions
Contingent Consideration Release
Non-controlling interest
Other

Income tax provision

62

Year Ended December 31,
2022
2023

21.0 %   
5.0 %   
(26.6 )%   
9.8 %   
(9.8 )%   
—      
—      
0.5 %   
(0.1 )%   

21.0 %
16.0 %
(40.9 )%
4.1 %
—  
0.1 %
(0.3 )%
(0.1 )%
(0.1 )%

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting 
purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) and other tax credits. Significant components of the 
Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

Deferred tax assets:

Net operating loss carryforwards
Stock-based compensation
Accrued payroll and benefits
Research and development credits
Fixed asset basis difference
Inventory reserve
Charitable contributions
Income from partnerships
Lease liability
Other accounts receivable reserve
Amortized intangibles
Goodwill
Section 174 Capitalization
Total deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities:
Right of use asset

Total deferred tax liabilities

Less valuation allowance

Net deferred tax assets

As of December 31,

2023

2022

  $

23,160     $
4,654    
342    
16    
87    
102    
3    
231    
261    
147    
755    
358    
583    
30,699    

(205 )  
(205 )  
(30,494 )  

  $

—     $

19,654  
4,541  
296  
16  
54  
445  
2  
97  
531  
65  
819  
393  
340  
27,253  

(486 )
(486 )
(26,767 )
—  

Realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon future taxable income, if any, the amount and timing of which are uncertain. Accordingly, the net 
deferred tax assets have been offset by a valuation allowance. The net valuation allowance increased by $3.7 million and $6.3 million during the years 
ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

At December 31, 2023, the Company had federal and state NOLs aggregating approximately $94.1 million and $60.4 million, respectively. At December 
31, 2023, the utilization of a portion of the federal NOLs is subject to an annual limitation under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). Of the 
$230.5 million of federal NOLs available, approximately $136.4 million are expected to expire unutilized due to ownership changes as defined in IRC 
Section 382. If not utilized, the federal and state NOLs will begin to expire in 2024. IRC Section 382 may also limit NOLs generated after 2022 and in 
future years. 

The Company evaluates deferred tax assets, including the benefit from NOLs, to determine if a valuation allowance is required. Such evaluation is based on
consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard with significant weight being given to evidence that can be objectively 
verified. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency, and severity of current and cumulative losses; forecasts of future 
profitability; the length of statutory carryforward periods; the Company’s experience with operating losses; and tax-planning alternatives. The significant 
piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the cumulative loss incurred through the year ended December 31, 2023. Given this evidence and the 
expectation to incur operating losses in the foreseeable future, a full valuation allowance has been recorded against the net deferred tax asset. The Company 
will continue to maintain a full valuation allowance against the entire amount of its net deferred tax asset, until such time as the Company has determined 
that the weight of the objectively verifiable positive evidence exceeds that of the negative evidence. Although the Company has established a full valuation 
allowance on its net deferred tax asset, for Federal tax losses before 2018 and for all state tax losses, it has not forfeited the right to carryforward tax losses 
up to 20 years and apply such tax losses against taxable income in such years, thereby reducing its future tax obligations. Federal tax losses generated in 
2018 and later do not expire. The Company is 

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

subject to taxation in the United States and various state jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s tax years for 2004 through 2022 are 
generally subject to examination by the tax authorities. The years are open back to 2004 to the extent the NOLs being carried forward were generated then.

The Company had the following unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands), none of which, if recognized, would impact the Company’s effective tax rate:

Unrecognized tax benefit beginning balance
Increases for tax positions taken in prior years
Decreases for tax positions taken in prior years
Increases for tax positions taken in current years
Settlements

Unrecognized tax benefit ending balance

  $

  $

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

16     $
—    
—    
—    
—    
16     $

17  
—  
(1 )
—  
—  
16  

The Company does not anticipate its total unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2023 will significantly change due to settlement of examination or 
the expiration of statute of limitations during the next 12 months. The Company is currently unaware of any uncertain tax positions that could result in 
significant additional payments, accruals or other material deviation in this estimate over the next 12 months. 

The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. As of December 31, 2023, the 
Company has not recognized any interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions.

In February 2023, the Company received notification from the Internal Revenue Service that our Archipelago joint venture was selected for audit for the 
2021 tax year. The Company received a preliminary summary of examination changes during November 2023, is currently awaiting the Notice of Proposed 
Partnership Adjustment, and plans to accept the adjustments. Accordingly, the Company has adjusted the tax disclosures to capture the anticipated impact 
of the proposed adjustments.

The Company is currently not under audit for state purposes.

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Note 16. Retirement Benefits

Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

The Company has a 401(k) retirement plan (the “Plan”) available for participation by all regular full-time employees who have completed three months of 
service with the Company. The Company established the Plan in 2008. The Plan provides for a discretionary matching contribution equal to 50% of the 
amount of the employee’s salary deduction, not to exceed 3% of the salary per employee. Highly compensated employees are excluded from receiving any 
discretionary matching contribution. Employees’ rights to employer contributions vest on the one-year anniversary of their date of employment. The 
Company has the option to make discretionary matching contributions. The Company did not make discretionary matching contributions during the years 
ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Note 17. Segment and Geographic Information

Management has determined that it has one business activity and operates in one segment as it only reports financial information on an aggregate and 
consolidated basis to its Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company’s chief operating decision maker.

Revenues based on the location of the customers, are as follows (in thousands):

United States
Argentina
India
Canada
Germany

Total

Note 18. Net Loss per Share

Year Ended December 31,
2022
2023

5,032  
—  
7  
291  
—  
5,330  

  $

  $

6,298  
862  
7  
194  
57  
7,418  

  $

  $

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares 
outstanding during the period and excludes any dilutive effects of stock-based awards, warrants and options. Diluted net loss per share attributable to 
common stockholders is computed giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares, including common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options 
and warrants. Dilutive securities are not included in the computation of net loss per share when the impact would be anti-dilutive.

Securities that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows (in shares):

Options to purchase common stock
Warrants to purchase common stock
Preferred investment options

Total

65

Year Ended December 31,
2022
2023

80,078      
266,957      
1,489,952      
1,836,987      

60,002  
285,757  
123,967  
469,726  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
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Note 19. Related Party Transactions

Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (Continued)

The Company’s related parties include Moral Compass Corporation (“MCC”) and the John Sperling Foundation (“JSF”).  The rights to the intellectual 
property owned by Blue Horse Labs, Inc. (“BHL”) were assigned to its sole shareholder, the John Sperling Revocable Trust (“JSRT”) due to BHL’s 
dissolution and then subsequently to the JSF. The JSF is deemed a related party of the Company because MCC, one of the Company’s largest stockholders, 
and the JSF share common officers and directors.

JSF receives a single digit royalty from the Company when revenue has been collected on product sales or for license payments from third parties that 
involve certain intellectual property developed under research funding originally from BHL. Royalty fees due to JSF were $58,000 and $48,000 as of 
December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as amounts due to related parties.

Note 20. Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated subsequent events through March 28, 2024, the date that the financial statements were available to be issued.

66

 
 
 
Table of Contents

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of December 31, 2023, Arcadia’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934, or the Exchange Act) were evaluated, with the participation of Arcadia’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to assess whether 
they are effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by Arcadia in the reports that it files or submits under the 
Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to 
allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to provide reasonable assurance that such information is recorded, processed, summarized and 
reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms. Based on this evaluation, Stanley E. Jacot Jr., Arcadia’s 
principal executive officer, and Thomas J. Schaefer, Arcadia’s principal financial officer, concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were 
effective as of December 31, 2023.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) 
and 15d-15(f)). Arcadia’s management, including Stanley E. Jacot Jr., its principal executive officer, and Thomas J. Schaefer, its principal financial officer, 
evaluated the effectiveness of Arcadia’s internal control over financial reporting using the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) 
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this evaluation, management concluded that 
Arcadia’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023. 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, we 
conducted an evaluation of any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the 
Exchange Act) that occurred during our most recently completed fiscal quarter. Based on that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal 
Financial Officer concluded that there has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting during that quarter that has materially 
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information.

No director or officer of the Company adopted, modified or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” 
(as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K) during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

None.

 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

PART III

The information required by this item will be contained in our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on 
Schedule 14A in connection with our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”), which is expected to be filed no later than 120 days 
after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, under the headings “Executive Officers,” “Election of Directors,” “Corporate Governance,” and 
“Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

The Company has adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our directors, officers, and employees, including our principal 
executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A current copy of the code 
is posted on the Corporate Governance section of our website, which is located at www.arcadiabio.com. If Arcadia makes any substantive amendments to, 
or grant any waivers from, the code of business conduct and ethics for our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting 
officer, controller or persons performing similar functions, or any officer or director, the Company will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on 
our website or in a current report on Form 8-K.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required by this item will be contained in Proxy Statement under the headings “Executive Compensation” and “Director Compensation,” 
and is incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The information required by this item will be contained in Proxy Statement under the headings “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and 
Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

The information required by this item will be contained in Proxy Statement under the headings “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” and 
“Corporate Governance,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

The information required by this item will be contained in Proxy Statement under the heading “Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting 
Firm-Principal Accounting Fees and Services,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Auditor Firm Id:      34

Auditor Name:      Deloitte & Touche LLP

Auditor Location:      Tempe, AZ, United States

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Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

The financial statements schedules and exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are as follows:

PART IV

(a)(1) Financial Statements

Reference is made to the financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II hereof.

(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules

All other schedules are omitted because they are not required or the required information is included in the statements or notes thereto.

(a)(3) Exhibits

Reference is made to the Exhibit Index accompanying this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

Not applicable.

Exhibit
Number

  Exhibit Description

Exhibit Index

Form

8-K

Incorporated by Reference

File No.

Exhibit

Filing
Date

Filed
Herewith

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of 
Registrant.

001-37383

Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of 
Incorporation of Registrant.

8-K

001-37383

  Certificate of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock.

  Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant.

Amendment to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of 
Registrant.

  Form of Registrant’s common stock certificate.

  Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant.

  Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant.

  Form of Placement Agent Warrant.

  Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant.

  Form of Placement Agent Warrant.

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

333-224061

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

8-K

8-K

8-K

S-3

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

69

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.2

5/26/2015

2/28/2023

12/8/2022

5/26/2015

12/8/2022

3/30/2018

3/23/2018

6/14/2019

6/14/2019

9/9/2019

9/9/2019

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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4.7

4.8

4.9

4.10

4.11

4.12

4.13

4.14

4.15

4.16

4.17

4.18

4.19

4.20

4.21

4.22

10.1*

10.2*

10.3*

10.4*

Description of Registrant’s Securities Pursuant to Section 12 
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

X

  Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant.

  Form of Placement Agent Warrant.

  Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant.

  Form of Placement Agent Warrant.

  Form of Investor Warrant.

  Form of Placement Agent Warrant.

  Form of Investor Warrant.

  Form of Placement Agent Warrant.

  Form of Investor Pre-Funded Warrant.

  Form of Investor Preferred Investment Option.

  Form of Placement Agent Preferred Investment Option.

 Form of Pre-Funded Warrant.

 Form of Series A Preferred Investment Option.

 Form of Series B Preferred Investment Option.

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

  8-K

  8-K

  8-K

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

001-37383

 Form of Placement Agent Preferred Investment Option.

  8-K

001-37383

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

5/18/2020

5/18/2020

7/8/2020

7/8/2020

12/22/2020

12/22/2020

1/29/2021

1/29/2021

8/16/2022

8/16/2022

8/16/2022

3/3/2023

3/3/2023

3/3/2023

3/3/2023

Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant 
and each of its Officers and Directors.

2006 Stock Plan, as amended and restated, and form of 
agreement thereunder.

2015 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan and forms of 
agreement thereunder.

S-1

S-1

S-1

333-202124

10.7

2/17/2015

333-202124

10.8

2/17/2015

333-232858

10.9

7/26/2019

2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of agreement 
thereunder.

S-1/A

333-202124

10.10

5/11/2015

10.5*

  Executive Incentive Bonus Plan.

S-1/A

333-202124

10.15

5/11/2015

10.6*

  Amended and Restated Director Compensation Policy.

10-Q

001-37383

10.14

5/10/2016

10.7*

  Form of Severance and Change in Control Agreement.

S-1/A

333-202124

10.18

4/6/2015

70

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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10.8

10.9

10.10

10.11*

10.12*

Base Office Lease dated March 17, 2003 between the 
Registrant and Pac West Office Equities, LP, including 
Amendments 1-7.

S-1

333-229047

10.16

12/27/2018

Amendment No. 8 to the Office Lease dated March 17, 2003 
between the Registrant and Pac West Office Equities, LP.

10-Q

001-37383

10.8

5/13/2020

Amendment No. 9 to the Office Lease dated March 17, 2003 
between the Registrant and Pac West Office Equities, LP.

10-Q

001-37383

10.2

8/13/2020

Employment Letter for Stanley E. Jacot Jr., Chief Executive 
Officer.

10-Q

001-37383

10.1

5/12/2022

Severance and Change in Control Agreement for Stanley E. 
Jacot, Jr.

10-Q

001-37383

10.1

5/12/2022

10.13*

  Inducement Option Grant for Stanley E. Jacot, Jr.

10-Q

001-37383

Employment Letter and Severance and Change in Control 
Agreement for Thomas J. Schaefer.

8-K/A

001-37383

10.2

10.1

5/12/2022

1/5/2023

10.14*

10.15+

10.16

Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement for 
Archipelago Ventures Hawaii, LLC, dated as of August 9, 
2019.

Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of March 19, 2018, 
between Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. and each purchaser 
named in the signature pages thereto.

10.17

  Form of Registration Rights Agreement.

10.18

10.19

10.20

Form of Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of June 11, 
2018, between Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. and each purchaser 
named in the signature pages thereto.

Form of Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of June 12, 
2019, between Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. and each purchaser 
named in the signature pages thereto.

Form of Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of 
September 5, 2019, between Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. and 
each purchaser named in the signature pages thereto.

8-K

001-37383

10.1

8/9/2019

8-K

001-37383

10.1

3/23/2018

8-K

8-K

001-37383

001-37383

10.2

10.1

3/23/2018

6/14/2018

8-K

001-37383

10.1

6/14/2019

8-K

001-37383

10.1

9/9/2019

10.21

  Form of Letter Agreement, dated as of May 14, 2020.

10.22

  Form of Letter Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2020.

8-K

8-K

001-37383

001-37383

10.1

10.1

5/18/2020

7/8/2020

71

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents

10.23

10.24

10.25

10.26

10.27

10.28

10.29

Form of Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of 
December 18, 2020, between Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. and 
each purchaser named on the signature pages thereto.

Form of Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of January 
25, 2021, between Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. and each 
purchaser named on the signature pages thereto.

Form of Registration Rights Agreement dated as of January 
25, 2021, between Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. and each 
purchaser named on the signature pages thereto.

Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 
12, 2022, between Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. and each 
purchaser named on the signature pages thereto.

Form of Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of March 2, 
2023, between Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. and each purchaser 
named on the signature pages thereto.

Form of Registration Rights Agreement dated as of March 2, 
2023, between Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. and each purchaser 
named on the signature pages thereto.

8-K

001-37383

10.1

12/22/2020

8-K

001-37383

10.1

1/29/2021

8-K

001-37383

10.2

1/29/2021

8-K

001-37383

10.1

8/16/2022

8-K

001-37383

10.1

3/3/2023

8-K

001-37383

10.2

3/3/2023

Form of Investment Option Amendment, dated as of March 
2, 2023.

8-K

001-37383

10.3

3/3/2023

10.30+

  Master Transaction Agreement.

10.31+

Asset Purchase Agreement dated May 17, 2021, by and 
among Arcadia, Buyer, Seller, Eko, Lief, Zola and Parent.

8-K

8-K

001-37383

001-37383

10.2

10.1

12/22/2020

5/21/2021

21.1

23.1

24.1

31.1

31.2

  List of subsidiaries of the Registrant.

S-1

333-262407

21.1

1/28/2022

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered 
public accounting firm.

Power of attorney (included in the signature page to this 
filing).

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 
Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 
Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934, 

72

X

X

X

X

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents

as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley 
Act of 2002.

32.1

32.2

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 
U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 
U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

97.1

  Dodd-Frank Clawback Policy.

101.INS

  Inline XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH

  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase 
Document.

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase 
Document.

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase 
Document.

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase 
Document.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the 
Inline XBRL Document).

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
+ Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly 
disclosed.

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be 
signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

Date:  March 28, 2024

Date:  March 28, 2024

ARCADIA BIOSCIENCES, INC.

By:

By:

/s/ STANLEY E. JACOT JR.
Stanley E. Jacot Jr.
President and Chief Executive Officer 
(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ THOMAS J. SCHAEFER
Thomas J. Schaefer
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Each person whose individual signature appears below hereby authorizes and appoints Stanley Jacot Jr. with full power of substitution and resubstitution 
and full power to act without the other, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent to act in his or her name, place and stead and to execute in 
the name and on behalf of each person, individually and in each capacity stated below, and to file any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 
10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting 
unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing, ratifying and confirming 
all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them or their or his substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of 
the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Name

/s/ STANLEY E. JACOT JR.
Stanley E. Jacot Jr.

/s/ ALBERT B. BOLLES
Albert D. Bolles

/s/ KEVIN COMCOWICH
Kevin Comcowich

/s/ LILIAN SHACKELFORD MURRAY
Lilian Shackelford Murray

/s/ GREGORY D. WALLER
Gregory D. Waller

/s/ AMY YODER
Amy Yoder

/s/ DEBORAH D. CAROSELLA
Deborah D. Carosella

Title

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

74

Date

March 28, 2024

March 28, 2024

March 28, 2024

March 28, 2024

March 28, 2024

March 28, 2024

March 28, 2024

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 4.7

DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE 
ACT OF 1934

The following description of registered securities of Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. (“Arcadia,” “we,” “us,” “our”) is based upon our certificate of 
incorporation, as amended (“Certificate of Incorporation”) and bylaws, as amended (“Bylaws”) and does not purport to be complete.  This summary is 
subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by, or Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, each of which is incorporated by reference as exhibits to the 
Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit is a part, and the applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”).  We 
encourage you to read our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws for additional information.  

General

Our authorized capital stock consists of 150,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 

par value.  40,000 shares of our preferred stock initially was designated as “Series A Preferred Stock”.  As of December 31, 2023, 15,357.04 shares of our 
preferred stock continued to be designated as Series A Preferred Stock.  Our common stock and Series A Preferred Stock have been registered under 
Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, there are no outstanding shares of 
Series A Preferred Stock

Common Stock

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders and 

do not have cumulative voting rights. Our Certificate of Incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting. Subject to preferences that may be 
applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared by 
our board of directors out of legally available funds. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share 
ratably in all of our assets which are legally available for distribution, after payment of or provision for all liabilities and the liquidation preference of any 
outstanding preferred stock. The holders of our common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. 

Preferred Stock

The board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 
par value per share, in one or more series. The board of directors  also has the authority to designate the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of 
each such series, including dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, redemption prices, liquidation preferences, 
and the number of shares constituting any series.

The issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the company without further 

action by the stockholders. The issuance of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights may also adversely affect the voting power of the holders of 
common stock. In certain circumstances, an issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of decreasing the market price of the common stock.

Series A Preferred Stock

Our board of directors declared a dividend of one one-thousandth of a share of Series A Preferred Stock for each share of our common stock 

outstanding as of 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on December 28, 2022. 24,642.96 shares of Series A Preferred Stock was issued pursuant to this dividend.

 
 
 
 
 
 
Transferability. Shares of Series A Preferred Stock are uncertificated and represented in book-entry form. No shares of Series A Preferred Stock 

may be transferred by the holder thereof except in connection with a transfer by such holder of any shares of our common stock by such holder, in which 
case a number of one one-thousandths (1/1,000ths) of a share of Series A Preferred Stock equal to the number of shares of our common stock to be 
transferred by such holder will be automatically transferred to the transferee of such shares of common stock.

Voting Rights. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock will entitle the holder thereof to 1,000,000 votes per share. Thus, each one-thousandth of a 

share of Series A Preferred Stock entitles the holder thereof to 1,000 votes. The outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock will vote together with the 
outstanding shares of our common stock as a single class exclusively with respect to any proposal to adopt an amendment to our Certificate of 
Incorporation to reclassify the outstanding shares of our common stock into a smaller number of shares of Common Stock at a ratio specified in or 
determined in accordance with the terms of such amendment (the “Reverse Stock Split”) and any proposal to adjourn any meeting of stockholders called 
for the purpose of voting on Reverse Stock Split (the “Adjournment Proposal”). The Series A Preferred Stock will not be entitled to vote on any other 
matter, except to the extent required under the DGCL.  Unless otherwise provided on any applicable proxy or ballot with respect to the voting on the 
Reverse Stock Split or the Adjournment Proposal, the vote of each share of Series A Preferred Stock (or fraction thereof) entitled to vote on the Reverse 
Stock Split, the Adjournment Proposal or any other matter brought before any meeting of stockholders held to vote on the Reverse Stock Split and the 
Adjournment Proposal will be cast in the same manner as the vote, if any, of the share of common stock (or fraction thereof) in respect of which such share 
of Series A Preferred Stock (or fraction thereof) was issued as a dividend is cast on the Reverse Stock Split, the Adjournment Proposal or such other matter, 
as applicable, and the proxy or ballot with respect to shares of common stock held by any holder on whose behalf such proxy or ballot is submitted will be 
deemed to include all shares of Series A Preferred Stock (or fraction thereof) held by such holder. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock will not receive a 
separate ballot or proxy to cast votes with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock on the Reverse Stock Split, the Adjournment Proposal or any other matter 
brought before any meeting of stockholders held to vote on the Reverse Stock Split.

Dividend Rights. The holders of Series A Preferred Stock, as such, will not be entitled to receive dividends of any kind.

Liquidation Preference. The Series A Preferred Stock will rank senior to the Common Stock as to any distribution of assets in the event of our 

liquidation, dissolution or winding up, whether voluntarily or involuntarily. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, whether voluntarily or 
involuntarily, any Dissolution, each holder of outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to be paid out of our assets that are available 
for distribution to stockholders, prior and in preference to any distribution to the holders of Common Stock, an amount in cash equal to $0.001 per 
outstanding share of Series A Preferred Stock.

Redemption. All shares of Series A Preferred Stock that are not present in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders held to vote on the 
Reverse Stock Split and the Adjournment Proposal as of immediately prior to the opening of the polls at such meeting (the “Initial Redemption Time”) will 
automatically be redeemed in whole, but not in part, by us at the Initial Redemption Time without further action on the part of us or the holder of shares of 
Series A Preferred Stock (the “Initial Redemption”). Any outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock that have not been redeemed pursuant to an Initial 
Redemption will be redeemed in whole, but not in part, (i) if such redemption is ordered by the Board in its sole discretion, automatically and effective on 
such time and date specified by the Board in its sole discretion or (ii) automatically upon the approval by our stockholders of the Reverse Stock Split at any 
meeting of the stockholders held for the purpose of voting on such proposal.  Each share of Series A Preferred Stock redeemed in any redemption described 
above will be redeemed in consideration for the right to receive an amount equal to $0.10 in cash for each one hundred whole shares of Series A Preferred 
Stock that are “beneficially owned” by the “beneficial owner” (as such terms are defined in the certificate of designation with respect to the Series A 
Preferred Stock) thereof as of the applicable redemption time and redeemed pursuant to such redemption, payable upon receipt by us of a written request 
submitted by the applicable holder to our corporate secretary (each a “Redemption Payment Request”) following the applicable redemption time. Such 
Redemption Payment Request shall (i) be in a form reasonably acceptable to us (ii) set forth in reasonable detail the number of shares of Series A Preferred 
Stock beneficially owned by the holder at the applicable redemption time and include evidence reasonably satisfactory to us regarding the same, and (iii) 
set forth a calculation specifying the amount in cash owed to such holder by us with respect to the shares of Series A Preferred Stock that were redeemed at 
the 

 
 
 
 
 
 
applicable redemption time. However, the redemption consideration in respect of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock (or fractions thereof) redeemed in 
any redemption described above: (i) will entitle the former beneficial owners of less than one hundred whole shares of Series A Preferred Stock redeemed 
in any redemption to no cash payment in respect thereof and (y) will, in the case of a former beneficial owner of a number of shares of Series A Preferred 
Stock (or fractions thereof) redeemed pursuant to any redemption that is not equal to a whole number that is a multiple of one hundred, entitle such 
beneficial owner to the same cash payment, if any, in respect of such redemption as would have been payable in such redemption to such beneficial owner 
if the number of shares (or fractions thereof) beneficially owned by such beneficial owner and redeemed pursuant to such redemption were rounded down 
to the nearest whole number that is a multiple of one hundred (such, that for example, the former beneficial owner of 150 shares of Series A Preferred 
Stock redeemed pursuant to any redemption will be entitled to receive the same cash payment in respect of such redemption as would have been payable to 
the former beneficial owner of 100 shares of Series A Preferred Stock redeemed pursuant to such redemption).  The Series A Preferred Stock has no stated 
maturity and is not subject to any sinking fund. The Series A Preferred Stock is not subject to any restriction on the redemption or repurchase of shares by 
us while there is any arrearage in the payment of dividends or sinking fund installments.

At a meeting of our stockholders held on February 15, 2023, our stockholders approved a 40-1 reverse stock split of our outstanding common 

stock.  As a result of that stockholder approval, all outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock were then redeemed by the Company.  All redeemed 
shares of Series A Preferred Stock automatically were retired and restored to the status of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock.  There are no 
outstanding shares of preferred stock as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws contain certain provisions that could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing another 

party from acquiring control of us. These provisions and certain provisions of the DGCL, which are summarized below, are expected to discourage 
coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us 
to negotiate first with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate more favorable terms 
with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to acquire us.

Undesignated Preferred Stock

As discussed above, our board of directors will have the ability to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could 

impede the success of any attempt to change control of us. These and other provisions may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying 
changes in control or management of our company.

Limits on Ability of Stockholders to Act by Written Consent or Call a Special Meeting

Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that our stockholders may not act by written consent, which may lengthen the amount of time required 

to take stockholder actions. As a result, a holder controlling a majority of our capital stock would not be able to amend our Bylaws or remove directors 
without holding a meeting of our stockholders called in accordance with our Bylaws.

In addition, our Bylaws provide that special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by the majority of our board of directors. 
Stockholders may not call a special meeting, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or for holders controlling 
a majority of our capital stock to take any action, including the removal of directors.

Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals

Our Bylaws require advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, 
other than nominations made by or at the direction of our board of directors or a committee of our board of directors. These provisions may have the effect 
of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed. These provisions may also discourage or deter a 

 
 
 
potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our 
company.

Board Classification

Our board of directors is divided into three classes, one class of which is elected each year by our stockholders. The directors in each class will 
serve three-year terms. A third party may be discouraged from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us as it is more difficult 
and time consuming for stockholders to replace a majority of the directors on a classified board.

No Cumulative Voting

Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws do not permit cumulative voting in the election of directors. Cumulative voting allows a stockholder 

to vote a portion or all of its shares for one or more candidates for seats on the board of directors. Without cumulative voting, a minority stockholder may 
not be able to gain as many seats on our board of directors as the stockholder would be able to gain if cumulative voting were permitted. The absence of 
cumulative voting makes it more difficult for a minority stockholder to gain a seat on our board of directors to influence our board’s decision regarding a 
takeover.

Amendment of Charter and Bylaws Provisions

The amendment of the above provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation requires approval by holders of at least two-thirds of our outstanding 
capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors. The amendment of our Bylaws requires approval by the holders of at least two-thirds of 
our outstanding capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.

Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute

We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL, regulating corporate takeovers. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly-held 

Delaware corporation from engaging, under certain circumstances, in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years 
following the date the person became an interested stockholder unless:

•

•

•

prior to the date of the transaction, our board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the 
stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at 
least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, calculated as provided under Section 
203; or

at or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by our board of directors and authorized at an annual or 
special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock 
which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

 Generally, a business combination includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested 
stockholder. An interested stockholder is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of 
interested stockholder status, did own 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting stock. We expect the existence of this provision to have an anti-
takeover effect with respect to transactions our board of directors does not approve in advance. We anticipate that Section 203 may also discourage 
attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by stockholders.

The provisions of the DGCL and the provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, as amended upon the completion of this offering, 

could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they might also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the 
market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions might also have the effect of 

 
 
 
 
 
 
preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders might 
otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

Forum Selection

Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the 

State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for:

•

•

•

•

any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;

any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders;

any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to any provisions of the DGCL, our Certificate of Incorporation or our Bylaws; or

any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

These exclusive-forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us 

or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. Furthermore, the 
enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ charter documents has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that 
a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable. If a court were to find either exclusive-forum provision in our Certificate of 
Incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, 
which could harm our business.

These exclusive-forum provisions are not intended to apply to any causes of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act 

of 1934 or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.

Listing

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “RKDA”.  Our Series A Preferred Stock is not listed on any 

securities exchange.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Nos. 333-229047, 333-232858, 333-235446, 333-262407 and 333-267637 on 
Form S-1, Registration Statement Nos. 333-224061, 333-224893, 333-239641, 333-252659, 333-264425 and 333-271082 on Form S-3, and Registration 
Statement Nos. 333-204215, 333-210023, 333-216545, 333-223805, 333-232072, 333-237438, 333-256599, 333-265322 and 333-272201 on Form S-8 
of our report dated March 28, 2024, relating to the financial statements of Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
year ended December 31, 2023.

EXHIBIT 23.1

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Tempe, Arizona

March 28, 2024

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 31.1

I, Stanley E. Jacot Jr., certify that:

1.

2.

3.

4.

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the 
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this 
report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in 
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-
15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to 
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those 
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our 
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for 
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the 
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent 
fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to 
materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the 
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)

(b)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are 
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal 
control over financial reporting.

Date: March 28, 2024

  By:

/s/ STANLEY E. JACOT Jr.
Stanley E. Jacot Jr.
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 31.2

I, Thomas J. Schaefer, certify that:

1.

2.

3.

4.

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the 
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this 
report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in 
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-
15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to 
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those 
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our 
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for 
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the 
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent 
fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to 
materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the 
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)

(b)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are 
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal 
control over financial reporting.

Date: March 28, 2024

  By:

/s/ THOMAS J. SCHAEFER
Thomas J. Schaefer 
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 32.1

In connection with the Annual Report of Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed 

with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)

(2)

the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the 
Company.

Date: March 28, 2024

By:

/s/ STANLEY E. JACOT Jr.
Stanley E. Jacot Jr.
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 32.2

In connection with the Annual Report of Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed 

with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)

(2)

the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the 
Company.

Date: March 28, 2024

By:

/s/ THOMAS J. SCHAEFER
Thomas J. Schaefer
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

 
 
 
 
 
 
ARCADIA BIOSCIENCES, INC.

EXECUTIVE OFFICER CLAWBACK POLICY

Approved by the Board of Directors 
on November 29, 2023 (the “Adoption Date”)

Exhibit 97.1

  I.

Purpose

This Executive Officer Clawback Policy describes the circumstances under which Covered Persons of Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. 
and  any  of  its  direct  or  indirect  subsidiaries  (the  “Company”)  will  be  required  to  repay  or  return  Erroneously-Awarded 
Compensation to the Company.

This Policy and any terms used in this Policy shall be construed in accordance with any SEC regulations promulgated to comply 
with Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as codified in Section 10D of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the listing rules adopted by Nasdaq that are applicable to the Company.

Each Covered Person of the Company shall sign an Acknowledgement and Agreement to the Clawback Policy in substantially 
the  form  attached  hereto  as  Exhibit  A  as  a  condition  to  his  or  her  participation  in  any  of  the  Company’s  incentive-based 
compensation programs.

  II.

Definitions

For purposes of this Policy, the following capitalized terms shall have the meaning set forth below:

  (a)

  (b)

  (c)

“Accounting  Restatement”  shall  mean  an  accounting  restatement  (i)  due  to  the  material  noncompliance  of  the 
Company  with  any  financial  reporting  requirement  under  the  securities  laws,  including  any  required  accounting 
restatement  to  correct  an  error  in  previously  issued  financial  restatements  that  is  material  to  the  previously  issued 
financial  statements  (a  “Big  R”  restatement),  or  (ii)  that  corrects  an  error  that  is  not  material  to  previously  issued 
financial statements, but would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or 
left uncorrected in the current period (a “little r” restatement).

“Board” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.

“Clawback-Eligible  Incentive  Compensation”  shall  mean,  in  connection  with  an  Accounting  Restatement,  any 
Incentive-Based  Compensation  Received  by  a  Covered  Person  (regardless  of  whether  such  Covered  Person  was 
serving  at  the  time  that  Erroneously-Awarded  Compensation  is  required  to  be  repaid)  (i)  on  or  after  the  Nasdaq 
Effective  Date,  (ii)  after  beginning  service  as  a  Covered  Person,  (iii)  while  the  Company  has  a  class  of  securities 
listed on a national securities exchange or national securities association, and (iv) during the Clawback Period.

 
 
 
  (d)

  (e)

  (f)

  (g)

  (h)

  (i)

  (j)

  (k)

  (l)

  (m)

  (n)

“Clawback  Period”  shall  mean,  with  respect  to  any  Accounting  Restatement,  the  three  completed  fiscal  years 
immediately preceding the Restatement Date and any transition period (that results from a change in the Company’s 
fiscal year) of less than nine months within or immediately following those three completed fiscal years.

“Committee” shall mean the Compensation Committee of the Board.

“Covered  Person”  shall  mean  any  person  who  is,  or  was  at  any  time,  during  the  Clawback  Period,  an  Executive 
Officer of the Company.  For the avoidance of doubt, Covered Person may include a former Executive Officer that 
left the Company, retired or transitioned to an employee role (including after serving as an Executive Officer in an 
interim capacity) during the Clawback Period.

“Erroneously-Awarded Compensation” shall mean the amount of Clawback-Eligible Incentive Compensation that 
exceeds  the  amount  of  Incentive-Based  Compensation  that  otherwise  would  have  been  Received  had  it  been 
determined based on the restated amounts.  This amount must be computed without regard to any taxes paid.

“Executive Officer” shall mean the Company’s president, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer (or 
if  there  is  no  such  accounting  officer,  the  controller),  any  vice-president  in  charge  of  a  principal  business  unit, 
division,  or  function  (such  as  sales,  administration,  or  finance),  any  other  officer  who  performs  a  policy-making 
function, or any other person (including an officer of the Company’s parent(s) or subsidiaries) who performs similar 
policy-making functions for the Company.  For the sake of clarity, at a minimum, all persons who would be executive 
officers pursuant to Rule 401(b) under Regulation S-K shall be deemed “Executive Officers”.

“Financial  Reporting  Measures”  shall  mean  measures  that  are  determined  and  presented  in  accordance  with  the 
accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s financial statements, and all other measures that are derived 
wholly  or  in  part  from  such  measures.    For  purposes  of  this  Policy,  Financial  Reporting  Measures  shall,  without 
limitation, include stock price and total shareholder return (and any measures that are derived wholly or in part from 
stock price or total shareholder return).

“Incentive-Based Compensation” shall have the meaning set forth in Section III below.

“Nasdaq” shall mean The Nasdaq Stock Market.

“Nasdaq Effective Date” shall mean October 2, 2023.

“Policy” shall mean this Executive Officer Clawback Policy, as the same may be amended and/or restated from time 
to time.

“Received” shall mean Incentive-Based Compensation received, or deemed to be received, in the Company’s fiscal 
period during which the Financial Reporting Measure specified in the Incentive-Based Compensation is attained, even 
if the payment or grant occurs after the fiscal period.

 
 
  (o)

  (p)

  (q)

  (r)

“Repayment Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in Section V below.

“Restatement Date” shall mean the earlier of (i) the date the Board, a committee of the Board or the officers of the 
Company  authorized  to  take  such  action  if  Board  action  is  not  required,  concludes,  or  reasonably  should  have 
concluded, that the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement, or (ii) the date that a court, regulator 
or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare an Accounting Restatement.

“SARs” shall mean stock appreciation rights.

“SEC” shall mean the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

  III.

Incentive-Based Compensation

“Incentive-Based  Compensation”  shall  mean  any  compensation  that  is  granted,  earned  or  vested  wholly  or  in  part  upon  the 
attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure.

For purposes of this Policy, specific examples of Incentive-Based Compensation include, but are not limited to:

•

•

•

•

•

Non-equity incentive plan awards that are earned based, wholly or in part, based on satisfaction of a Financial 
Reporting Measure performance goal;

Bonuses paid from a “bonus pool,” the size of which is determined, wholly or in part, based on satisfaction of a 
Financial Reporting Measure performance goal;

Other cash awards based on satisfaction of a Financial Reporting Measure performance goal;

Restricted  stock,  restricted  stock  units,  performance  share  units,  stock  options  and  SARs  that  are  granted  or 
become vested, wholly or in part, on satisfaction of a Financial Reporting Measure performance goal; and

Proceeds received upon the sale of shares acquired through an incentive plan that were granted or vested based, 
wholly or in part, on satisfaction of a Financial Reporting Measure performance goal.

For purposes of this Policy, Incentive-Based Compensation excludes:

•

•

Any base salaries (except with respect to any salary increases earned, wholly or in part, based on satisfaction of 
a Financial Reporting Measure performance goal);

Bonuses paid solely at the discretion of the Committee or Board that are not paid from a “bonus pool” that is 
determined by satisfying a Financial Reporting Measure performance goal;

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•

•

•

Bonuses  paid  solely  upon  satisfying  one  or  more  subjective  standards  and/or  completion  of  a  specified 
employment period;

Non-equity incentive plan awards earned solely upon satisfying one or more strategic measures or operational 
measures; and

Equity awards that vest solely based on the passage of time and/or satisfaction of one or more non-Financial 
Reporting Measures.

  IV.

Determination and Calculation of Erroneously-Awarded Compensation

In  the  event  of  an  Accounting  Restatement,  the  Committee  shall  promptly  (and  in  all  events  within  ninety  (90)  days  after  the 
Restatement Date) determine the amount of any Erroneously-Awarded Compensation for each Executive Officer in connection 
with such Accounting Restatement and shall promptly thereafter provide each Executive Officer with a written notice containing 
the amount of Erroneously-Awarded Compensation and a demand for repayment or return, as applicable.

  (a)

  (b)

  (c)

  (d)

Cash Awards.  With respect to cash awards, the Erroneously-Awarded Compensation is the difference between the 
amount  of  the  cash  award  (whether  payable  as  a  lump  sum  or  over  time)  that  was  Received  and  the  amount  that 
should have been received applying the restated Financial Reporting Measure.

Cash  Awards  Paid  From  Bonus  Pools.    With  respect  to  cash  awards  paid  from  bonus  pools,  the  Erroneously-
Awarded  Compensation  is  the  pro  rata  portion  of  any  deficiency  that  results  from  the  aggregate  bonus  pool  that  is 
reduced based on applying the restated Financial Reporting Measure.

Equity Awards.  With respect to equity awards, if the shares, options or SARs are still held at the time of recovery, 
the  Erroneously-Awarded  Compensation  is  the  number  of  such  securities  Received  in  excess  of  the  number  that 
should have been received applying the restated Financial Reporting Measure (or the value in excess of that number).  
If the options or SARs have been exercised, but the underlying shares have not been sold, the Erroneously-Awarded 
Compensation is the number of shares underlying the excess options or SARs (or the value thereof).  If the underlying 
shares have already been sold, then the Committee shall determine the amount which most reasonably estimates the 
Erroneously-Awarded Compensation.

Compensation Based on Stock Price or Total Shareholder Return.  For Incentive-Based Compensation based on 
(or derived from) stock price or total shareholder return, where the amount of Erroneously-Awarded Compensation is 
not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in the applicable Accounting Restatement, the 
amount  shall  be  determined  by  the  Committee  based  on  a  reasonable  estimate  of  the  effect  of  the  Accounting 
Restatement  on  the  stock  price  or  total  shareholder  return  upon  which  the  Incentive-Based  Compensation  was 
Received (in which case, the Committee shall 

 
 
 
 
 
 
maintain documentation of such determination of that reasonable estimate and provide such documentation to Nasdaq 
in accordance with applicable listing standards).

  V.

Recovery of Erroneously-Awarded Compensation

Once  the  Committee  has  determined  the  amount  of  Erroneously-Awarded  Compensation  recoverable  from  the  applicable 
Covered  Person,  the  Committee  shall  take  all  necessary  actions  to  recover  the  Erroneously-Awarded  Compensation.    Unless 
otherwise  determined  by  the  Committee,  the  Committee  shall  pursue  the  recovery  of  Erroneously-Awarded  Compensation  in 
accordance with the below:

  (a)

  (b)

  (c)

Cash Awards.  With respect to cash awards, the Committee shall either (i) require the Covered Person to repay the 
Erroneously-Awarded Compensation in a lump sum in cash (or such property as the Committee agrees to accept with 
a value equal to such Erroneously-Awarded Compensation) reasonably promptly following the Restatement Date, or 
(ii) if approved by the Committee, offer to enter into a Repayment Agreement.  If the Covered Person accepts such 
offer and signs the Repayment Agreement within a reasonable time as determined by the Committee, the Company 
shall countersign such Repayment Agreement.

Unvested Equity Awards.  With respect to those equity awards that have not yet vested, the Committee shall take all 
necessary action to cancel, or otherwise cause to be forfeited, the awards in the amount of the Erroneously-Awarded 
Compensation.

Vested Equity Awards.    With  respect  to  those  equity  awards  that  have  vested  and  the  underlying  shares  have  not 
been  sold,  the  Committee  shall  take  all  necessary  action  to  cause  the  Covered  Person  to  deliver  and  surrender  the 
underlying shares in the amount of the Erroneously-Awarded Compensation.

In the event that the Covered Person has sold the underlying shares, the Committee shall either (i) require the Covered Person to 
repay the Erroneously-Awarded Compensation in a lump sum in cash (or such property as the Committee agrees to accept with a 
value  equal  to  such  Erroneously-Awarded  Compensation)  reasonably  promptly  following  the  Restatement  Date,  or  (ii)  if 
approved by the Committee, offer to enter into a Repayment Agreement.  If the Covered Person accepts such offer and signs the 
Repayment  Agreement  within  a  reasonable  time  as  determined  by  the  Committee,  the  Company  shall  countersign  such 
Repayment Agreement.

  (d)

  (e)

Repayment Agreement.  “Repayment Agreement” shall mean an agreement (in a form reasonably acceptable to the 
Committee) with the Covered Person for the repayment of the Erroneously-Awarded Compensation as promptly as 
possible without unreasonable economic hardship to the Covered Person.

Effect  of  Non-Repayment.    To  the  extent  that  a  Covered  Person  fails  to  repay  all  Erroneously-Awarded 
Compensation to the Company when due (as determined in accordance with this Policy), the Company shall, or shall 
cause one or more other 

 
   
 
 
members  of  the  Company  to,  take  all  actions  reasonable  and  appropriate  to  recover  such  Erroneously-Awarded 
Compensation from the applicable Covered Person.

The  Committee  shall  have  broad  discretion  to  determine  the  appropriate  means  of  recovery  of  Erroneously-Awarded 
Compensation based on all applicable facts and circumstances and taking into account the time value of money and the cost to 
shareholders  of  delaying  recovery.    However,  in  no  event  may  the  Company  accept  an  amount  that  is  less  than  the  amount  of 
Erroneously-Awarded Compensation in satisfaction of a Covered Person’s obligations hereunder.

  VI.

Discretionary Recovery

Notwithstanding  anything  herein  to  the  contrary,  the  Company  shall  not  be  required  to  take  action  to  recover  Erroneously-
Awarded  Compensation  if  any  one  of  the  following  conditions  are  met  and  the  Committee  determines  that  recovery  would  be 
impracticable:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

The direct expenses paid to a third party to assist in enforcing this Policy against a Covered Person would 
exceed  the  amount  to  be  recovered,  after  the  Company  has  made  a  reasonable  attempt  to  recover  the 
applicable  Erroneously-Awarded  Compensation,  documented  such  attempts  and  provided  such 
documentation to Nasdaq;

Recovery  would  violate  home  country  law  where  that  law  was  adopted  prior  to  November  28,  2022, 
provided  that,  before  determining  that  it  would  be  impracticable  to  recover  any  amount  of  Erroneously-
Awarded Compensation based on violation of home country law, the Company has obtained an opinion of 
home country counsel, acceptable to Nasdaq, that recovery would result in such a violation and a copy of the 
opinion is provided to Nasdaq; or

Recovery  would  likely  cause  an  otherwise  tax-qualified  retirement  plan,  under  which  benefits  are  broadly 
available  to  employees  of  the  Company,  to  fail  to  meet  the  requirements  of  26  U.S.C.  401(a)(13)  or  26 
U.S.C. 411(a) and regulations thereunder.

  VII.

Reporting and Disclosure Requirements

The Company shall file all disclosures with respect to this Policy in accordance with the requirements of the federal securities 
laws, including the disclosure required by the applicable filings required to be made with the SEC.

  VIII.

Effective Date

This Policy shall be effective as of December 1, 2023.  This Policy shall apply to any Incentive-Based Compensation Received 
on  or  after  the  Nasdaq  Effective  Date,  even  if  such  Incentive-Based  Compensation  was  approved,  awarded  or  granted  to  a 
Covered Person prior to such date.

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  IX.

No Indemnification

The Company shall not indemnify any Covered Person against the loss of Erroneously-Awarded Compensation and shall not pay, 
or  reimburse  any  Covered  Persons  for  premiums,  for  any  insurance  policy  to  fund  such  Covered  Person’s  potential  recovery 
obligations.

  X.

Administration

The  Committee  has  the  sole  discretion  to  administer  this  Policy  and  ensure  compliance  with  Nasdaq  Rules  and  any  other 
applicable law, regulation, rule or interpretation of the SEC or Nasdaq promulgated or issued in connection therewith.  Actions of 
the Committee pursuant to this Policy shall be taken by the vote of a majority of its members.  The Committee shall, subject to 
the  provisions  of  this  Policy,  make  such  determinations  and  interpretations  and  take  such  actions  as  it  deems  necessary, 
appropriate or advisable.  All determinations and interpretations made by the Committee shall be final, binding and conclusive.

  XI.

Amendment; Termination

The  Committee  may  amend  this  Policy  from  time  to  time  in  its  discretion  and  shall  amend  this  Policy  as  it  deems  necessary, 
including as and when it determines that it is legally required by any federal securities laws, SEC rule or the rules of any national 
securities  exchange  or  national  securities  association  on  which  the  Company’s  securities  are  then  listed.    The  Committee  may 
terminate this Policy at any time.  Notwithstanding anything in this Section XI to the contrary, no amendment or termination of 
this  Policy  shall  be  effective  if  such  amendment  or  termination  would  (after  taking  into  account  any  actions  taken  by  the 
Company  contemporaneously  with  such  amendment  or  termination)  cause  the  Company  to  violate  any  federal  securities  laws, 
SEC rule, or the rules of any national securities exchange or national securities association on which the Company’s securities are 
then listed.

  XII.

Other Recoupment Rights; No Additional Payments

The  Committee  intends  that  this  Policy  will  be  applied  to  the  fullest  extent  of  the  law.    The  Committee  may  require  that  any 
employment agreement, equity award agreement or any other agreement entered into on or after the Adoption Date shall, as a 
condition to the grant of any benefit thereunder, require a Covered Person to agree to abide by the terms of this Policy.  Any right 
of recoupment under this Policy is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other rights under applicable law, regulation or rule or 
pursuant  to  the  terms  of  any  similar  policy  in  any  employment  agreement,  equity  plan,  equity  award  agreement  or  similar 
arrangement  and  any  other  legal  remedies  available  to  the  Company.    However,  this  Policy  shall  not  provide  for  recovery  of 
Incentive-Based Compensation that the Company has already recovered pursuant to Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or 
other recovery obligations.

  XIII.

Successors

This Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all Covered Persons and their beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators 
or other legal representatives.

 
 
 
Exhibit A

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND AGREEMENT
TO THE
EXECUTIVE OFFICER CLAWBACK POLICY
OF
ARCADIA BIOSCIENCES, INC.

By signing below, the undersigned acknowledges and confirms that the undersigned has received and reviewed a copy of Arcadia 
Biosciences, Inc.’s Executive Officer Clawback Policy (the “Policy”).  Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this 
Acknowledgement Form (this “Acknowledgement Form”) shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Policy.

By signing this Acknowledgement Form, the undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the undersigned is and will continue to 
be subject to the Policy and that the Policy will apply both during and after the undersigned’s employment with the Company.  
Further, by signing below, the undersigned agrees to abide by the terms of the Policy, including, without limitation, by returning 
any Erroneously-Awarded Compensation (as defined in the Policy) to the Company to the extent required by, and in a manner 
permitted by, the Policy.  The undersigned acknowledges that notwithstanding any indemnity agreement between the undersigned 
and the Company or any other instrument or document providing for indemnification of the undersigned, the Company will not 
indemnity the undersigned, and shall have no obligation to indemnify the undersigned, against the loss of Erroneously-Awarded 
Compensation and shall not pay, or reimburse the undersigned for premiums, for any insurance policy to fund the undersigned’s 
potential recovery obligations.

Signature

Name

Date: