Armstrong World Industries
Annual Report 2011

Plain-text annual report

ARMSTRONG WORLD INDUSTRIES, INC. 2011 ANNUAL REPORT Armstrong World Industries, Inc. P. O. Box 3001 Lancaster, PA 17604-3001 www.armstrong.com SHARE PERFORMANCE GRAPH The following graph shows the cumulative total shareholder return for Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Common Shares (NYSE: AWI) during the period from December 29, 2006 to December 31, 2011. The graph also shows the cumulative returns of the NYSE Composite Index and a building materials peer group comprised of the companies listed below the chart. The performance shown in the chart should not be considered indicative of future performance. COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN Armstrong World Industries, Inc. NYSE Composite Index Peer Group Index $180 $160 $140 $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 ASSUMES $100 INVESTED ON DECEMBER 29, 2006 ASSUMES DIVIDENDS REINVESTED FISCAL YEAR ENDING DEC. 31, 2011 FISCAL YEAR ENDING Company/Market/Peer Group Armstrong World Industries, Inc. NYSE Composite Index Peer Group Index 12/29/2006 $100.00 $100.00 $100.00 12/31/2007 $94.62 $109.14 $82.94 12/31/2008 $58.82 $66.42 $56.78 12/31/2009 $105.91 $85.40 $71.37 12/31/2010 $156.32 $97.01 $88.31 12/30/2011 $159.48 $93.45 $86.52 The peer group is comprised of the following companies: % of Total Market Cap American Woodmark Corporation Interface, Inc. Masco Corporation Mohawk Industries, Inc. Owens-Corning, Inc. Sherwin-Williams Company Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. USG Corporation 1% 2% 29% 13% 10% 22% 10% 12% 100% UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) [X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 OR [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _______ to _______ Commission File Number 1-2116 ARMSTRONG WORLD INDUSTRIES, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Pennsylvania (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 23-0366390 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 2500 Columbia Avenue, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17603 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (717) 397-0611 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock ($0.01 par value) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes X No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No X Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter time period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes X No 1 Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non- accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one): Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer X Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No X The aggregate market value of the Common Stock of Armstrong World Industries, Inc. held by non- affiliates based on the closing price ($45.56 per share) on the New York Stock Exchange (trading symbol AWI) on June 30, 2011 was approximately $618 million. As of February 21, 2012, the number of shares outstanding of registrant's Common Stock was 58,436,007. Documents Incorporated by Reference Certain sections of Armstrong World Industries, Inc.’s definitive Proxy Statement for use in connection with its 2012 annual meeting of stockholders, to be filed no later than April 30, 2012 (the first business day after the day that is 120 days after the last day of our 2011 fiscal year), are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K Report where indicated. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGES Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements ................................................................. 4 PART I Item 1. Business ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Item 1A. Risk Factors ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments .............................................................................................................. 14 Item 2. Properties ........................................................................................................................................... 15 Item 3. Legal Proceedings .............................................................................................................................. 15 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure ...................................................................................................................... 15 PART II Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities ............................................................................................................................ 16 Item 6. Selected Financial Data...................................................................................................................... 17 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ............. 18 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk ............................................................. 35 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ................................................................................. 37 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure ............ 95 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures .................................................................................................................... 95 PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance ................................................................. 96 Item 11. Executive Compensation .................................................................................................................... 96 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ............................................................................................................................................... 96 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ................................. 97 Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services ............................................................................................ 97 PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules ..................................................................................... 98 Signatures ........................................................................................................................................................ 104 3 Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements Certain information included in this report and in our other materials we have filed or will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), as well as information included in oral statements or other written statements made or to be made by us, contains or may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1955 (the “PSLRA”). Those statements provide our future expectations or forecasts and can be identified by our use of words such as "anticipate," "estimate," "expect," "project," "intend," "plan," "believe," "outlook," and other words or phrases of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance or the outcome of contingencies such as liabilities or legal proceedings. From time to time, forward-looking statements also are included in other periodic reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K, in press releases, in presentations, on our website and in other materials released to the public. Any or all of the forward-looking statements included in this report and in any other reports or public statements made by us are not guarantees of future performance and may turn out to be inaccurate. This can occur as a result of incorrect assumptions or as a consequence of known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors mentioned in this report or in other reports or public statements made by us, including, without limitation, those relating to macroeconomic conditions, debt, liquidity, access to raw materials, competition, dependency on key customers, domestic and foreign government regulation and markets, protection of our intellectual property rights, labor matters, and adverse judgments and any related liabilities, will be important in determining our future performance. Consequently, actual results may differ materially from those that might be anticipated from our forward-looking statements. For discussion of factors that we believe could cause our actual results to differ materially from expected and historical results see “Item 1A — Risk Factors” below. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. This discussion is provided as permitted by the PSLRA, and all of our forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referenced in this section. 4 ITEM 1. BUSINESS PART I Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (“AWI” or “the Company”) is a Pennsylvania corporation incorporated in 1891. When we refer to "we", "our" and "us" in this report, we are referring to AWI and its subsidiaries. We are a leading global producer of flooring products and ceiling systems for use primarily in the construction and renovation of residential, commercial and institutional buildings. We design, manufacture and sell flooring products (primarily resilient and wood) and ceiling systems (primarily mineral fiber, fiberglass and metal) around the world. We also design, manufacture and sell kitchen and bathroom cabinets in the U.S. The Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Asbestos Personal Injury Settlement Trust (“Asbestos PI Trust”) and Armor TPG Holdings LLC (“TPG”) together hold more than 60% of AWI’s outstanding shares and have entered into a shareholders’ agreement pursuant to which the Asbestos PI Trust and TPG have agreed to vote their shares together on certain matters. Reportable Segments We operate five business segments - Building Products, Resilient Flooring, Wood Flooring, Cabinets and Unallocated Corporate. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Form 10-K for additional financial information on our reportable segments. Markets We are well positioned in the industry segments and markets in which we operate—often holding a leadership or significant market share position. The major markets in which we compete are: North American Residential. Our Building Products, Resilient Flooring, Wood Flooring and Cabinets segments sell products for use in the home. Our ceiling products compete against mineral fiber and fiberglass products from other manufacturers, as well as drywall. Homeowners can choose from our vinyl and wood flooring products, for which we are North America’s largest provider, or from our laminate flooring products. We compete directly with other domestic and international suppliers of these products. Our flooring products also compete with carpet and ceramic products, which we do not offer. In the kitchen and bath areas, we compete with thousands of other cabinet manufacturers ranging from large diversified corporations to small local craftsmen. Our products are used in new home construction and existing home renovation work. Industry analysts estimate that existing home renovation (also known as replacement / remodel) work represents approximately two-thirds of the total North American residential market opportunity. Key U.S. statistics that indicate market opportunity include existing home sales (a key indicator for renovation opportunity), housing starts, housing completions, interest rates and consumer confidence. For our Resilient Flooring and Wood Flooring products, we believe there is some longer-term correlation between these statistics and our revenue after reflecting a lag period between change in construction activity and our operating results of several months. However, we believe that consumers’ preferences for product type, style, color, availability and affordability also significantly affect our revenue. Further, changes in inventory levels and/or product focus at national home centers and our building materials distributors can also significantly affect our revenue. Sales of our ceiling products for residential use appear to follow the trend of existing home sales, with a several month lag period between the change in existing home sales and our related operating results. North American Commercial. Many of our products, primarily ceilings and Resilient Flooring, are used in commercial and institutional buildings. Our revenue opportunities come from new construction as well as renovation of existing buildings. Renovation work is estimated to represent approximately two-thirds of the total North American commercial market opportunity. Most of our revenue comes from four major segments of commercial building – office, education, retail and healthcare. We monitor U.S. construction starts and follow new projects. We have found that our revenue from new construction can lag behind 5 construction starts by as much as one year. We also monitor office vacancy rates, gross domestic product (“GDP”) and general employment levels, which can indicate movement in renovation and new construction opportunities. We believe that these statistics, taking into account the time-lag effect, provide a reasonable indication of our future revenue opportunity from commercial renovation and new construction. Outside of North America. Most of our revenues generated outside of North America are in Europe and are commercial in nature. For the countries in which we have significant revenue, we monitor various national statistics (such as GDP) as well as known new projects. Revenues come primarily from new construction and renovation work. The following table provides an estimate of our segments’ 2011 net sales, by major markets. (Estimated percentages of individual segment’s sales) Building Products Resilient Flooring Wood Flooring Cabinets North American Residential North American Commercial Outside of North America New - 5% 30% 50% Renovation 10% 30% 70% 45% New 10% 5% - 5% Renovation 40% 30% - - New 25% 10% - - Renovation 15% 20% - - Total 100% 100% 100% 100% Management has used estimates in creating the table above because the end use of our products is not always easily determinable. Geographic Areas See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-K for additional financial information by geographic areas. Customers We use our reputation, capabilities, service and brand recognition to develop long-standing relationships with our customers. We principally sell products through building materials distributors, who re-sell our products to retailers, builders, contractors, installers and others. In the commercial sector, we also sell to several contractors and to subcontractors’ alliances. In the North American retail channel, which sells to end-users in the residential and light commercial segments, we have important relationships with national home centers such as The Home Depot, Inc. and Lowe’s Companies, Inc. In the North American residential sector, we have important relationships with major home builders and buying groups. Approximately two-thirds of our consolidated net sales are to distributors. Sales to large home centers account for approximately 15% of our sales in the Americas. Our remaining sales are to contractors and retailers. No customer accounted for 10% or more of our total consolidated net sales during the last three years. Working Capital We produce goods for inventory and sell on credit to our customers. Generally, our distributors carry inventory as needed to meet local or rapid delivery requirements. We sell the vast majority of our products to select, pre-approved customers using customary trade terms that allow for payment in the future. These practices are typical within the industry. 6 Competition We face strong competition in all of our businesses. Principal attributes of competition include product performance, product styling, service and price. Competition in North America comes from both domestic and international manufacturers. Additionally, some of our products compete with alternative products or finishing solutions. Our resilient, laminate and wood flooring products compete with carpet and ceramic products, and our ceiling products compete with drywall and exposed structure (also known as open plenum). There is excess industry capacity for certain products in some geographies, which tends to increase price competition. The following companies are our primary competitors: Building Products – CertainTeed Corporation (a subsidiary of Saint-Gobain), Chicago Metallic Corporation, Georgia-Pacific Corporation, Knauf AMF GmbH & Co. KG, Lafarge SA, Odenwald Faserplattenwerk GmbH, Rockfon A/S, Saint-Gobain and USG Corporation. Flooring segments – Amtico International, Inc., Beaulieu International Group, N.V., Boa-Franc, Inc., Congoleum Corporation, Faus, Inc., Forbo Holding AG, Gerflor Group, Interface, Inc., IVC Group, Krono Holding AG, LG Floors, Mannington Mills, Inc., Metroflor Corporation, Mullican Flooring, L.P., Mohawk Industries, Inc., Pfleiderer AG, Shaw Industries, Inc., Somerset Hardwood Flooring, and Tarkett AG. Cabinets – American Woodmark Corporation, Cardell Cabinetry, Fortune Brands Home & Security Inc., Masco Corporation, and Norcraft Companies. Raw Materials Raw materials are purchased worldwide in the ordinary course of business from numerous suppliers. The principal raw materials used in each business include the following: Business Principal Raw Materials Building Products Mineral fibers, fiberglass, perlite, waste paper, pigments, clays, starches, and steel used in the production of metal ceilings and for our WAVE joint venture’s manufacturing of ceiling grid Resilient Flooring Polyvinylchloride (“PVC”) resins and films, plasticizers, backings, limestone, pigments, linseed oil, inks and stabilizers Wood Flooring Hardwood lumber, veneer, coatings and stains Cabinets Lumber, veneer, plywood, particleboard and components, such as doors and hardware We also purchase significant amounts of packaging materials and consume substantial amounts of energy, such as electricity and natural gas, and water. In general, adequate supplies of raw materials are available to all of our businesses. However, availability can change for a number of reasons, including environmental conditions, laws and regulations, shifts in demand by other industries competing for the same materials, transportation disruptions and/or business decisions made by, or events that affect, our suppliers. There is no assurance that a significant shortage of raw materials will not occur. Prices for certain high usage raw materials can fluctuate dramatically. Cost increases for these materials can have a significant adverse impact on our manufacturing costs. Given the competitiveness of our markets, we may not be able to recover the increased manufacturing costs through increasing selling prices to our customers. 7 Sourced Products Some of the products that we sell are sourced from third parties. Our primary sourced products include various flooring products (laminate, wood, vinyl sheet and tile), specialized ceiling products, and installation-related products and accessories for some of our manufactured products. We purchase some of our sourced products from suppliers that are located outside of the U.S., primarily from Asia and Europe. Sales of sourced products represented approximately 10% to 15% of our total consolidated revenue in 2011, 2010, and 2009. In general, we believe we have adequate supplies of sourced products. However, we cannot guarantee that a significant shortage will not occur. Seasonality Generally our sales tend to be stronger in the second and third quarters of our fiscal year following the timing of new construction, renovation, and home sales. Patent and Intellectual Property Rights Patent protection is important to our business. Our competitive position has been enhanced by U.S. and foreign patents on products and processes developed or perfected within AWI or obtained through acquisitions and licenses. In addition, we benefit from our trade secrets for certain products and processes. Patent protection extends for varying periods according to the date of patent filing or grant and the legal term of a patent in the various countries where patent protection is obtained. The actual protection afforded by a patent, which can vary from country to country, depends upon the type of patent, the scope of its coverage and the availability of legal remedies. Although we consider that, in the aggregate, our patents, licenses and trade secrets constitute a valuable asset of material importance to our business, we do not regard any of our businesses as being materially dependent upon any single patent or trade secret, or any group of related patents or trade secrets. Certain of our trademarks, including without limitation, Arborcrest™, Arteffects®, Bruce®, Calibra™, Cirrus®, Coronet™, Cortega®, Dundee™, DLW™, Dune™, Excelon®, Fine Fissured™, FireGuard™, Imperial®, Initiator™, Laurel™, Luxe Plank™, Manchester®, Medintech®, Medintone®, Memories™, Metalworks™, Natural Creations®, NaturCote™, Optima®, Plano™, Scala®, SoundSoak®, Stonetex®, Station Square™, StrataMax®, Timberline®, ToughGuard®, Ultima®, Waverly™, and Woodworks® are important to our business because of their significant brand name recognition. Trademark protection continues in some countries as long as the mark is used, and continues in other countries as long as the mark is registered. Registrations are generally for fixed, but renewable, terms. , Armstrong®, Allwood™, Alterna™, We review trademarks annually for potential impairment. See the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for further information. Employees As of December 31, 2011, we had approximately 9,100 full-time and part-time employees worldwide. Approximately 58% of the production and maintenance employees in the U.S. are represented by labor unions. This percentage includes all production and maintenance employees at our plants and warehouses where labor unions exist. Outside the U.S., most of our production employees are covered by either industry-sponsored and/or state-sponsored collective bargaining mechanisms. We believe that our relations with our employees are satisfactory. Research & Development Research and development (“R&D”) activities are important and necessary in helping us improve our products’ competitiveness. Principal R&D functions include the development and improvement of products and manufacturing processes. We spent $29.2 million in 2011, $32.9 million in 2010 and $38.0 million in 2009 on R&D activities worldwide. 8 Sustainability and Environmental Matters The adoption of environmentally responsible building codes and standards such as the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, or LEED, rating system established by the U.S. Green Building Council, has the potential to increase demand for products, systems and services that contribute to building sustainable spaces. Many of our products meet the requirements for the award of LEED credits, and we are continuing to develop new products, systems and services to address market demand for products that enable construction of buildings that require fewer natural resources to build, operate and maintain. Our competitors also have developed and introduced to the market more environmentally responsible products. We expect that there will be increased demand over time for products, systems and services that meet regulatory and customer sustainability standards and preferences and decreased demand for products that produce significant greenhouse gas emissions. We also believe that our ability to continue to provide these products, systems and services to our customers will be necessary to maintain our competitive position in the marketplace. We are committed to complying with all environmental laws and regulations that are applicable to our operations. Regulatory activities of particular importance to our operations include proceedings under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA"), and state or international Superfund and similar type laws at several domestically- and internationally-owned, formerly owned and non-owned locations allegedly resulting from past industrial activity. In a few cases, we are one of several potentially responsible parties ("PRPs where we have agreed to jointly fund the required investigation and remediation, while preserving our defenses to the liability. We may also have rights of contribution or reimbursement from other parties or coverage under applicable insurance policies. Most of our manufacturing and certain of our research facilities are affected by various federal, state and local environmental requirements relating to the discharge of materials or the protection of the environment. We make expenditures necessary for compliance with applicable environmental requirements at each of our operating facilities. We have not experienced a material adverse effect upon our capital expenditures or competitive position as a result of environmental control legislation and regulations. Liabilities of $7.3 million and $8.3 million at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, were recorded for environmental liabilities that we consider probable and for which a reasonable estimate of the probable liability could be made. See Note 30 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and “Item 1A. Risk Factors”, for information regarding the possible effects that compliance with environmental laws and regulations and climate change may have on our businesses and operating results. Website We maintain a website at http://www.armstrong.com. Information contained on our website is not incorporated into this document. Reference in this Form 10-K to our website is an inactive text reference only. Annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, all amendments to those reports and other information about us are available free of charge through this website as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These materials are also available from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. 9 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Worldwide economic conditions and credit tightening could have a material adverse impact on our business. Our business may be adversely impacted by changes in United States or global economic conditions, including inflation, deflation, interest rates, availability of capital, consumer spending rates, energy availability and costs, and the effects of governmental initiatives to manage economic conditions. Volatility in financial markets and the deterioration of national and global economic conditions could materially adversely impact our operations, financial results and/or liquidity including as follows: • the financial stability of our customers or suppliers may be compromised, which could result in additional bad debts for us or non-performance by suppliers; • one or more of the financial institutions syndicated under our senior secured credit facility may cease to be able to fulfill their funding obligations, which could adversely impact our liquidity; • it may become more costly or difficult to obtain financing or refinance our debt in the future; • the value of our assets held in pension plans may decline; and/or • our assets may be impaired or subject to write down or write off. Uncertainty about global economic conditions may cause consumers of our products to postpone spending in response to tighter credit, negative financial news and/or declines in income or asset values. This could have a material adverse impact on the demand for our products and on our financial condition and operating results. A deterioration of economic conditions would likely exacerbate these adverse effects and could result in a wide-ranging and prolonged impact on general business conditions, thereby negatively impacting our operations, financial results and/or liquidity. Our business is dependent on construction activity. Downturns in construction activity could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Our businesses have greater sales opportunities when construction activity is strong and, conversely, have fewer opportunities when such activity declines. The cyclical nature of commercial and residential construction activity tends to be influenced by prevailing economic conditions, including favorable interest rates, strong government spending, consumer confidence and other factors beyond our control. Prolonged downturns in construction activity could have an adverse effect on our business, profitability, and the carrying value of assets. Our indebtedness may adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to operate our business, make payments on our indebtedness and declare dividends on our capital stock. Our level of indebtedness and degree of leverage could: (cid:120) make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness; (cid:120) make us more vulnerable to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation; (cid:120) limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate; (cid:120) place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that are less leveraged and therefore more able to take advantage of opportunities that our leverage prevents us from exploiting; 10 (cid:120) (cid:120) limit our ability to refinance existing indebtedness or borrow additional amounts for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our business strategy or other purposes; restrict our ability to pay dividends on our capital stock; and (cid:120) adversely affect our credit ratings. We may also incur additional indebtedness, which could exacerbate the risks described above. In addition, to the extent that our indebtedness bears interest at floating rates, our sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations will increase. Any of the above listed factors could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The agreements that govern our indebtedness contain a number of covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions, including restrictions on our ability to engage in acts that may be in our best long-term interests. The agreements that govern our indebtedness include covenants that, among other things, may restrict our ability to: (cid:120) incur additional debt; (cid:120) pay dividends on or make other distributions in respect of our capital stock or redeem, repurchase or retire our capital stock or subordinated debt or make certain other restricted payments; (cid:120) make certain acquisitions; (cid:120) (cid:120) (cid:120) sell certain assets; consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and create liens on certain assets to secure debt. Under the terms of our senior secured credit facility, we are required to maintain a specified leverage ratio. Our ability to meet such ratio could be affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure that we will meet such ratio. A breach of any of the restrictive covenants or leverage ratio would result in a default under the senior secured credit facility. If any such default occurs, the lenders under the senior secured credit facility may be able to elect to declare all outstanding borrowings under such facilities, together with accrued interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable, or enforce their security interest, any of which would result in an event of default under the notes. The lenders may also have the right in these circumstances to terminate any commitments they have to provide further borrowings. We require a significant amount of liquidity to fund our operations, and borrowing has increased our vulnerability to negative unforeseen events. Our liquidity needs vary throughout the year. If our business experiences materially negative unforeseen events, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fund our needs, maintain sufficient liquidity to operate and remain in compliance with our debt covenants, which could result in reduced or delayed planned capital expenditures and other investments and adversely affect our future revenue prospects. 11 If the availability of raw materials or energy decreases, or the costs increase, and we are unable to pass along increased costs, our operating results could be adversely affected. The cost and availability of raw materials, packaging materials, energy and sourced products are critical to our operations. For example, we use substantial quantities of natural gas, petroleum-based raw materials, hardwood lumber and mineral fiber in our manufacturing operations. The cost of some of these items has been volatile in recent years and availability has been limited at times. We source some materials from a limited number of suppliers, which, among other things, increases the risk of unavailability. Limited availability could cause us to reformulate products or limit our production. Decreased access to raw materials and energy or significant increased production cost differentials and any corresponding inability to pass along such costs through price increases could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. Our markets are highly competitive. Competition can reduce demand for our products or cause us to lower prices. Failure to compete effectively by meeting consumer preferences and maintaining market share would adversely affect our results. Our customers consider our products’ performance, product styling, customer service and price when deciding whether to purchase our products. Shifting consumer preference in our highly competitive markets, from residential vinyl products to other flooring products, for example, styling preferences or inability to offer new competitive performance features could have an adverse effect on our sales. In addition, excess industry capacity exists for certain products in several geographic markets, which tends to increase price competition, as does competition from overseas competitors with lower cost structures. Sales fluctuations to key customers could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profits. Some of our businesses are dependent on a few key customers. The loss of sales to one of these major customers, or any adverse change in our business relationship with any one of them, could have an adverse affect on both our revenues and profits. Our plant construction projects may adversely impact our results. We are in various stages of building new manufacturing plants. There can be no assurance that the actual cost of these facilities will not exceed our projections. In addition, we may experience delays in the construction of these facilities for many reasons, including unavailability of materials, labor or equipment, regulatory matters or inclement weather. Economic and competitive advantages expected from these projects may not materialize as a result of delays, cost overruns or changes in market conditions. We are subject to risks associated with our international operations in both established and emerging markets. Legislative, political, regulatory and economic volatility, as well as vulnerability to infrastructure and labor disruptions, could have an adverse effect on our business. A significant portion of our products move in international trade, particularly among the U.S., Canada, Europe and Asia markets. Approximately 30% of our 2011 revenues are from operations outside the U.S. Our international trade is subject to currency exchange fluctuations, trade regulations, import duties, logistics costs, delays and other related risks. Our international operations are also subject to variable tax rates, credit risks in emerging markets, political risks, uncertain legal systems, high costs in repatriating profits to the U.S. from some countries, and loss of sales to local competitors following currency devaluations in countries where we import products for sale. In addition, our international growth strategy depends in part on our ability to expand our operations in certain emerging markets. However, some emerging markets have greater political and economic volatility and greater vulnerability to infrastructure and labor disruptions than established markets. In many countries outside of the U.S., particularly in those with developing economies, it may be common for others to engage in business practices prohibited by laws and regulations applicable to us, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or similar 12 local anti-bribery laws. These laws generally prohibit companies and their employees, contractors or agents from making improper payments to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Failure to comply with these laws could subject us to civil and criminal penalties. As we continue to expand our business globally, including in emerging markets, we may have difficulty anticipating and effectively managing these and other risks that our international operations may face, which may adversely impact our business outside the United States and our financial condition and results of operations. Our intellectual property rights may not provide meaningful commercial protection for our products or brands, which could adversely impact our business. We rely on our proprietary intellectual property, including numerous patents and registered trademarks, as well as our licensed intellectual property. We monitor and protect against activities that might infringe, dilute, or otherwise harm our patents, trademarks and other intellectual property and rely on the patent, trademark and other laws of the United States and other countries. However, we may be unable to prevent third parties from using our intellectual property without our authorization. In addition, the laws of some non-United States jurisdictions, particularly those of certain emerging markets, provide less protection for our proprietary rights than the laws of the United States. To the extent we cannot protect our intellectual property, unauthorized use and misuse of our intellectual property could harm our competitive position and have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our restructuring actions and LEAN initiatives may not achieve expected savings in our operating costs or improved operating results. We aggressively look for ways to make our operations more efficient and effective. We reduce, move and expand our plants and operations as needed. Such actions involve substantial planning, often require capital investments and may result in charges for fixed asset impairments or obsolescence and substantial severance costs. We are committed to augmenting margin expansion through further cost elimination. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve our desired level of cost savings. Even if we achieve our targeted savings, there is no assurance that our net operating results in the future will improve by this amount. Planning and executing delays or challenges could adversely affect our customer service and result in unplanned costs. Adverse judgments in regulatory actions, product claims, environmental claims and other litigation could be costly. Insurance coverage may not be available or adequate in all circumstances. While we strive to ensure that our products comply with applicable government regulatory standards and internal requirements, and that our products perform effectively and safely, customers from time to time could claim that our products do not meet warranty or contractual requirements, and users could claim to be harmed by use or misuse of our products. These claims could give rise to breach of contract, warranty or recall claims, or claims for negligence, product liability, strict liability, personal injury or property damage. They could also result in negative publicity that could harm our sales and operating results. The building materials industry has been subject to claims relating to silicates, mold, PCBs, PVC, formaldehyde, toxic fumes, fire-retardant properties and other issues, as well as for incidents of catastrophic loss, such as building fires. Product liability insurance coverage may not be available or adequate in all circumstances to cover these claims. We are parties to several legal proceedings involving environmental matters (see Note 30 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K), and we have incurred, and will continue to incur, capital and operating expenditures and other costs in complying with environmental laws and regulations. It is possible that we could become subject to additional environmental liabilities in the future. We are also subject to regulatory requirements regarding protection of the environment. Current and future environmental laws and regulations, including those proposed concerning climate change, could 13 increase our cost of compliance, cost of energy, or otherwise materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, claims and investigations may arise related to patent infringement, environmental matters, distributor relationships, commercial contracts, antitrust or competition law requirements, employment and employee benefits issues, and other compliance and regulatory matters. While we have processes and policies designed to mitigate these risks and to investigate and address such claims as they arise, we cannot predict or, in some cases, control the costs to defend or resolve such claims. Increased costs of labor, labor disputes, work stoppages or union organizing activity could delay or impede production and reduce sales and profits. Increased costs of U.S. and international labor, including the costs of employee benefits plans, could affect our financial results and operations. As the majority of our manufacturing employees are represented by unions and covered by collective bargaining or similar agreements, there are also costs attributable to our periodic renegotiation of those agreements. Throughout 2011, we renegotiated collective bargaining agreements covering approximately 1,500 employees at six plants. During the second half of 2012, collective bargaining agreements covering approximately 500 employees at two plants are scheduled to expire. We are also subject to the risk that strikes or other types of conflicts with organized personnel may arise or that we may become the subject of union organizing activity at our facilities that do not have union representation. Prolonged negotiations, conflicts or related activities could lead to increased costs and work stoppages, which could adversely affect production, revenues, profits and customer relations. Our principal shareholders could significantly influence our business and our affairs. The Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Asbestos Personal Injury Settlement Trust (“Asbestos PI Trust”), formed in 2006 as part of AWI’s emergence from bankruptcy, and Armor TPG Holdings LLC (“TPG”) together hold more than 60% of our outstanding shares and have entered into a shareholders’ agreement pursuant to which the Asbestos PI Trust and TPG have agreed to vote their shares together on certain matters. Such a large percentage of ownership could result in below average equity market liquidity and affect matters that require approval by our shareholders. We are outsourcing our information technology infrastructure and certain finance and accounting functions, which will make us more dependent upon third parties. In an effort to make our IT, finance and accounting functions more efficient, increase related capabilities, as well as generate cost savings, we began to outsource a significant portion of our IT infrastructure and certain finance and accounting functions to separate third party service providers during the fourth quarter of 2011. As a result, we rely on third parties to ensure that our related needs are sufficiently met. This reliance subjects us to risks arising from the loss of control over certain processes, changes in pricing that may affect our operating results, and potentially, termination of provisions of these services by our supplier. A failure of our service providers to perform may have a significant adverse effect on our business. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. 14 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES Our world headquarters are in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. We own a 100-acre, multi-building campus comprising the site of our corporate headquarters, most operational headquarters, our U.S. R&D operations and marketing, and customer service headquarters. We produce and market Armstrong products and services throughout the world, operating 32 manufacturing plants in eight countries as of December 31, 2011. Four of our plants are leased and the remaining 28 are owned. We operate 20 plants located throughout the United States. In addition, we have an interest through our WAVE joint venture in eight additional plants in six countries. Business Segment Number of Plants Location of Principal Facilities Resilient Flooring 10 U.S. (California, Illinois, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania), Australia and Germany Wood Flooring 9 U.S. (Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia) and China Building Products 12 U.S. (Florida, Georgia, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania), China, France, Germany and the U.K. Cabinets 1 U.S. (Pennsylvania) Sales and administrative offices are leased and/or owned worldwide, and leased facilities are utilized to supplement our owned warehousing facilities. Production capacity and the extent of utilization of our facilities are difficult to quantify with certainty. In any one facility, utilization of our capacity varies periodically depending upon demand for the product that is being manufactured. We believe our facilities are adequate and suitable to support the business. Additional incremental investments in plant facilities are made as appropriate to balance capacity with anticipated demand, improve quality and service, and reduce costs. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS See the “Specific Material Events” section of the “Environmental Matters” section of Note 30 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated herein by reference, for a description of our significant legal proceedings. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 15 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AWI’s common shares trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “AWI”. As of February 21, 2012, there were approximately 425 holders of record of AWI's Common Stock. 2011 Price range of common stock—high Price range of common stock—low First $ 47.53 $ 39.41 Second $ 48.37 $ 42.50 Third $ 48.68 $ 32.47 Fourth $ 45.96 $ 32.82 Total Year $ 48.68 $ 32.47 2010 Price range of common stock—high Price range of common stock—low $ 40.93 $ 33.42 $ 45.05 $ 29.44 $ 43.05 $ 28.01 $ 54.58 $ 39.55 $ 54.58 $ 28.01 The above figures represent the high and low intra-day sale prices for our common stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange. There were no dividends declared during 2011. On November 23, 2010, our Board of Directors declared a special cash dividend of $13.74 per common share, payable on December 10, 2010, to shareholders of record on December 3, 2010. This special cash dividend resulted in an aggregate cash payment to our shareholders of approximately $800 million. Dividends are paid as and when declared by our Board of Directors and in accordance with restrictions set forth in our debt agreements. In general, our debt agreements allow us to make “restricted payments”, which include dividends and stock repurchases, subject to certain limitations and other restrictions and provided that we are in compliance with the financial and other covenants of our debt agreements and meet certain liquidity requirements after giving effect to the restricted payment. For further discussion of the debt agreements, see the financial condition and liquidity section of “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item 1A, Risk Factors” in this Form 10-K, and the debt agreements filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 24, 2010. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Period October 1-31, 2011 November 1-30, 2011 December 1-31, 2011 Total Total Number of Shares Purchased - - - - Average Price Paid per Share - - - 1 The Company does not have a share buy-back program. Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs1 Maximum Number of Shares that may yet be Purchased under the Plans or Programs - - - N/A - - - N/A 16 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA (amounts in millions, except for per-share data) Year 2011 Year 2010 Year 2009 Year 2008 Year 2007 Income statement data Net sales Operating income Earnings from continuing operations Per common share – basic (a) Per common share – diluted (a) $ 2,859.5 239.2 112.4 $ 1.91 $ 1.90 $ 2,766.4 81.1 11.0 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 2,780.0 90.6 77.7 $ 1.36 $ 1.36 $ 3,393.0 210.9 80.4 $ 1.41 $ 1.41 $ 3,549.7 296.7 152.8 $ 2.69 $ 2.69 Dividends declared per share of common stock - $13.74 - $ 4.50 - Balance sheet data (end of period) Total assets Long-term debt Total equity 2,994.7 822.9 1,130.2 2,922.4 839.6 1,090.8 3,302.6 432.5 1,907.9 3,351.8 454.8 1,751.3 4,639.4 485.8 2,444.1 Notes: (a) See definition of basic and diluted earnings per share in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 17 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (“AWI”) is a Pennsylvania corporation incorporated in 1891. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements, the accompanying notes, the cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements and risk factors included in this Form 10-K. Overview We are a leading global producer of flooring products and ceiling systems for use primarily in the construction and renovation of residential, commercial and institutional buildings. We design, manufacture and sell flooring products (primarily resilient and wood) and ceiling systems (primarily mineral fiber, fiberglass and metal) around the world. We also design, manufacture and sell kitchen and bathroom cabinets in the U.S. In response to economic conditions during 2011, we idled an engineered wood production facility in Statesville, North Carolina, closed a homogeneous flooring plant in Holmsund Sweden, and closed a Building Products plant in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. Additionally, in November 2011, we acquired a specialty metal ceiling systems manufacturer located in Quebec, Canada. As of December 31, 2011, we operated 32 manufacturing plants in eight countries, including 20 plants located throughout the U.S. Through Worthington Armstrong Venture (“WAVE”), our joint venture with Worthington Industries, Inc., we also have an interest in eight additional plants in six countries that produce suspension system (grid) products for our ceiling systems. We report our financial results through the following segments: Building Products, Resilient Flooring, Wood Flooring, Cabinets and Unallocated Corporate. See “Results of Operations” and “Reportable Segment Results” for additional financial information on our consolidated company and our segments. Factors Affecting Revenues For information on our segments’ 2011 net sales by geography, see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Markets. We compete in building material markets around the world. The majority of our sales are in North America and Europe. During 2011, our markets experienced the following: (cid:120) According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2011 housing starts in the U.S. residential market increased 4% compared to 2010 to 0.61 million units. Housing completions in the U.S. declined by 11% in 2011 with approximately 0.58 million units completed. The National Association of Realtors indicated that seasonally adjusted sales of existing homes increased 2.3% to 4.29 million units in 2011 from a level of 4.19 million units in 2010. Management estimates renovation activities declined in the U.S. during 2011, as indicated in part by the Remodeling Market Index provided by the National Association of Home Builders. (cid:120) According to the U.S. Census Bureau, for the value of new construction put in place, the rate of decline in the North American key commercial market, in nominal dollar terms, was 4.0% in 2011 compared to 2010. Construction activity in the office, healthcare, and education segments declined 8.4%, 0.5%, and 4.0%, respectively, while the retail segment increased 7.3% in 2011 compared to 2010. (cid:120) Central European markets were mixed overall, but experienced significant declines in the fourth quarter, Western European countries generally experienced continued declines, and Eastern European markets grew. (cid:120) Overall, the Pacific Rim experienced growth, particularly in China and India, which was partially offset by declines in Australia as a result of reduced government stimulus spending. 18 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Pricing Initiatives. During 2011, we increased prices in each of our business segments in response to changes in costs for raw materials and energy, and to market conditions and the competitive environment. In certain cases, realized price increases are less than the announced price increases because of competitive reactions and changing market conditions. We estimate that pricing actions increased our 2011 total consolidated net sales by approximately $60 million compared to 2010. We have also announced price increases in each of our businesses that are effective in the first quarter of 2012. If raw material prices continue at, or rise from, current levels, additional pricing actions may be announced. Mix. Each of our businesses offers a wide assortment of products that are differentiated by style and design and by performance attributes. Pricing and margins for products within the assortment vary. Changes in the relative quantity of products purchased at the different price points can affect year-to-year comparisons of net sales and operating income. We estimate that mix improvements increased our total consolidated net sales by approximately $24 million in 2011, compared to 2010. Factors Affecting Operating Costs Operating Expenses. Our operating expenses are comprised of direct production costs (principally raw materials, labor and energy), manufacturing overhead costs, freight, costs to purchase sourced products and selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses. Our largest individual raw material expenditures are for lumber and veneers, PVC resins and plasticizers. Natural gas is also a significant input cost. Fluctuations in the prices of these inputs are generally beyond our control and have a direct impact on our financial results. In 2011, these input costs decreased operating income by approximately $58 million, compared to 2010. During 2011, we incurred approximately $15 million of net costs related to the renegotiation of seven expiring collective bargaining agreements covering six plants (Beverly, WV, Oneida, TN, Marietta, PA, Lancaster, PA, Pensacola, FL, and Macon, GA) and the related lockout of our unionized employees at our Marietta, PA plant. We expect to incur approximately $4 million of additional net costs in the first quarter of 2012 related to the contract settlement with our employees at the Marietta, PA plant. We are committed to augmenting margin expansion through further cost elimination. Through manufacturing footprint reductions and aggressive application of projects designed to standardize, simplify and eliminate SG&A programs and policies, we are seeking to remove at least $185 million of manufacturing and SG&A costs by the end of 2012. Toward this end, we achieved $35 million of cost savings in 2010, another $115 million in savings in 2011, and expect to deliver another $35 million during 2012. We recorded expenses of approximately $36 million for these initiatives in 2011. We plan to continue to evaluate the efficiency of our manufacturing footprint. The charges associated with our future cost reduction initiatives may include severance and related termination benefits, fixed asset write-downs, asset impairments and accelerated depreciation and could be material to our financial statements. Even if we achieve our targeted savings, there is no assurance that our net operating results in the future will improve by this amount. Intangible Asset Impairments. During the fourth quarters of 2010 and 2009, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $22.4 million and $18.0 million, respectively, to reduce the carrying amount of our Wood Flooring trademarks to their estimated fair value. There were no impairment charges recorded related to these trademarks in 2011. The fair values were negatively affected by lower expected future sales in the U.S. residential housing market. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. See also “Results of Operations” for further discussion of other significant items affecting operating costs. Factors Affecting Cash Flow During 2011, cash and cash equivalents increased by $164.8 million. Net cash from operating activities of $212.2 million and distributions from WAVE of $102.4 million (including a special distribution of $50.1 in 19 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations December 2011), were partially offset by capital expenditures of $150.6 million. During 2010, cash and cash equivalents decreased $253.7 million. A special cash dividend of $798.6 million, repayments of our previous debt of $430.0 million due to the refinancing of our credit facility and capital expenditures of $92.7 million were partially offset by net cash from operating activities of $190.4 million, $800 million due to the refinancing of our credit facility, distributions from WAVE of $51.0 million and proceeds from asset sales of $25.8 million. Employees As of December 31, 2011, we had approximately 9,100 full-time and part-time employees worldwide. This compares to approximately 9,800 employees as of December 31, 2010. The decline was primarily due to headcount reductions in our U.S. and European Flooring operations and our corporate operations. During 2011, we negotiated seven collective bargaining agreements, and we experienced a six-month lockout at our Building Products plant in Marietta, PA. The lockout ended when a new contract was ratified in December 2011, and employees returned to work in January 2012. During the second half of 2012, collective bargaining agreements covering approximately 500 employees at two plants are scheduled to expire. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES In preparing our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we are required to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an on-going basis, using relevant internal and external information. We believe that our estimates and assumptions are reasonable. However, actual results may differ from what was estimated and could have a significant impact on the financial statements. We have identified the following as our critical accounting estimates. We have discussed these critical accounting estimates with our Audit Committee. U.S. Pension Credit and Postretirement Benefit Costs – We maintain pension and postretirement plans throughout the world, with the most significant plans located in the U.S. Our defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit costs are developed from actuarial valuations. These valuations are calculated using a number of assumptions. Each assumption represents management’s best estimate of the future. The assumptions that have the most significant impact on reported results are the discount rate, the estimated long-term return on plan assets and the estimated inflation in health care costs. These assumptions are generally updated annually. The discount rate is used to determine retirement plan liabilities and to determine the interest cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement cost. Management utilizes the Aon Hewitt AA only above median yield curve, which is a hypothetical AA yield curve comprised of a series of annualized individual discount rates, as the primary basis for determining the discount rate. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, we assumed discount rates of 4.85% and 5.10%, respectively, for the U.S. defined benefit pension plans. As of December 31, 2011, we assumed a discount rate of 4.75% compared with a discount rate of 4.90% as of December 31, 2010 for the U.S. postretirement plans. The effects of the change in discount rate will be amortized into earnings as described below. Absent any other changes, a one-quarter percentage point decrease in the discount rates for the U.S. pension and postretirement plans would decrease 2012 operating income by $4.9 million and a one-quarter percentage point increase in the discount rates would increase 2012 operating income by $4.8 million. We have two U.S. defined benefit pension plans, a qualified funded plan and a nonqualified unfunded plan. For the qualified funded plan, the expected long-term return on plan assets represents a long-term view of the future estimated investment return on plan assets. This estimate is determined based on the target allocation of plan assets among asset classes and input from investment professionals on the expected performance of the asset classes over 10 to 20 years. Historical asset returns are monitored and considered when we develop our expected long-term return on plan assets. An incremental 20 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations component is added for the expected return from active management based both on the plan’s experience and on historical information obtained from the plan’s investment consultants. These forecasted gross returns are reduced by estimated management fees and expenses, yielding a long-term rate of return of 6.50% per annum for 2012. The expected asset return assumption is based upon a long- term view; therefore, we do not expect to see frequent changes from year to year based on positive or negative actual performance in a single year. Over the 10 year period ended December 31, 2011, the annualized return was approximately 7.5% compared to an average expected return of 8.0%. The actual return on plan assets achieved for 2011 was 6.4%. The difference between the actual and expected rate of return on plan assets will be amortized into earnings as described below. The expected long-term return on plan assets used in determining our 2011 U.S. pension credit was 7.25%. We have assumed a return on plan assets during 2012 of 6.50%. The decrease reflects a planned change in our asset allocations. The 2012 expected return on assets was calculated in a manner consistent with 2011. A one-quarter percentage point increase or decrease in this assumption would increase or decrease 2012 operating income by approximately $5.4 million. Contributions to the unfunded plan were $4.4 million in 2011 and were made on a monthly basis to fund benefit payments. We estimate the 2012 contributions will be approximately $3.7 million. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. The estimated inflation in health care costs represents a long-term view (5-10 years) of the expected inflation in our postretirement health care costs. We separately estimate expected health care cost increases for pre-65 retirees and post-65 retirees due to the influence of Medicare coverage at age 65, as illustrated below: Assumptions Pre 65 Post 65 Overall Post 65 Actual Pre 65 Overall 9.0% 8.5% 8.8% (3)% 12% 8.5% 8.6% 8.5% 11% 2% 4% 8% 8.1% 8.1% 8.1% 2010 2011 2012 The difference between the actual and expected health care costs is amortized into earnings as described below. As of December 31, 2011, health care cost increases are estimated to decrease ratably until 2019, after which they are estimated to be constant at 5%. A one percentage point increase in the assumed health care cost trend rate would reduce 2012 operating income by $1.9 million, while a one percentage point decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rate would increase 2012 operating income by $1.8 million. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. Actual results that differ from our various pension and postretirement plan estimates are captured as actuarial gains/losses. When certain thresholds are met, the gains and losses are amortized into future earnings over the expected remaining service period of plan participants, which is approximately eight years for our U.S. pension plans and five years for our U.S. postretirement plans. Changes in assumptions could have significant effects on earnings in future years. Impairments of Long-Lived Tangible and Intangible Assets – Our indefinite-lived intangibles are primarily trademarks and brand names, which are integral to our corporate identity and expected to contribute indefinitely to our corporate cash flows. Accordingly, they have been assigned an indefinite life. We conduct our annual impairment test for non-amortizable intangible assets during the fourth quarter, although we conduct interim impairment tests if events or circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. We conduct impairment tests for tangible assets and amortizable intangible assets when indicators of impairment exist, such as operating losses and/or negative cash flows. If an indication of impairment exists, we compare the carrying amount of the asset group to the estimated undiscounted 21 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations future cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. The estimate of an asset group’s fair value is based on discounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group, or based on management’s estimated exit price assuming the assets could be sold in an orderly transaction between market participants or estimated salvage value if no sale is assumed. If the fair value is less than the carrying value of the asset group, we record an impairment charge equal to the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the asset group. The principal assumptions utilized in our impairment tests for tangible and definite-lived intangible assets include discount rate and operating profit adjusted for depreciation and amortization. The principal assumptions utilized in our impairment tests for indefinite-lived intangible assets include revenue growth rate, discount rate and royalty rate. Revenue growth rate and operating profit assumptions are consistent with those utilized in our operating plan and strategic planning processes. The discount rate assumption is calculated based upon an estimated weighted average cost of equity which reflects the overall level of inherent risk and the rate of return a market participant would expect to achieve. Methodologies used for valuing our tangible and intangible assets did not change from prior periods. The cash flow estimates used in applying our impairment tests are based on management’s analysis of information available at the time of the impairment test. Actual cash flows lower than the estimate could lead to significant future impairments. If subsequent testing indicates that fair values have declined, the carrying values would be reduced and our future statements of income would be affected. During the fourth quarters of 2010 and 2009, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $22.4 million and $18.0 million, respectively, to reduce the carrying amount of our Wood Flooring trademarks to their estimated fair value based on the results of our annual impairment test. The fair values were negatively affected by lower expected sales in the U.S. residential housing market. There was no impairment charge in 2011 related to these trademarks. The remaining carrying value of the Wood Flooring trademarks at December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $42.0 million. We tested the tangible assets within the following reporting units for impairment: Reporting Unit 2011 2010 ABP Americas ABP Europe Resilient Flooring – Americas Resilient Flooring – Europe Wood Flooring Cabinets Unallocated Corporate X - - X X X - X X X X X X X Based upon the impairment testing, the carrying value of the tangible assets for each of these asset groups was determined to be recoverable (except as discussed below) because the related undiscounted cash flows and/or fair value exceeded the carrying value of assets. We recorded an asset impairment charge of $2.2 million in the third quarter of 2011 in SG&A expense for a European Resilient Flooring office building. The fair value was determined by management estimates of market prices based upon information available, including offers received from potential buyers of the property (considered Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy). The remaining carrying value of tangible assets within the European Resilient Flooring business was $86.3 million as of December 31, 2011, with land and buildings representing the significant majority. Material uncertainties that could lead to a future material impairment charge include the level of European commercial construction and renovation activity. 22 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations During the fourth quarter of 2011, we recorded asset impairment charges of $1.1 million in SG&A expense for two previously occupied manufacturing facilities. We have been actively pursuing a sale of both facilities. The fair values were determined by management estimates and independent market valuations based on information available at that time. The valuation information included sales of similar facilities and estimates of market prices (considered Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy) for these assets. During the second quarter of 2010, we recorded an asset impairment charge of $2.1 million in SG&A expense for a European Resilient Flooring warehouse facility due to the decline in the commercial property sector. The fair value was determined by management estimates of market prices available at that time. This data included sales and leases of comparable properties within similar real estate markets (considered Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy). We sold the warehouse in the first quarter of 2011. During 2010, management decided to exit our corporate flight operations. As a result, we recorded a $6.1 million impairment charge in SG&A expense for corporate aircraft in 2010. The fair values were determined by management estimates and an independent valuation based on information available at that time. The valuation information included sales of similar equipment and estimates of market prices (considered Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy) for these assets. We sold the corporate aircraft in the fourth quarter of 2010. We cannot predict the occurrence of certain events that might lead to material impairment charges in the future. Such events may include, but are not limited to, the impact of economic environments, particularly related to the commercial and residential construction industries, material adverse changes in relationships with significant customers, or strategic decisions made in response to economic and competitive conditions. See Notes 3 and 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. Income Taxes – Our effective tax rate is primarily determined based on our pre-tax income and the statutory income tax rates in the jurisdictions in which we operate. The effective tax rate also reflects the tax impacts of items treated differently for tax purposes than for financial reporting purposes. Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible in our tax returns, and some differences are temporary, reversing over time, such as depreciation expense. These temporary differences create deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Deferred income tax assets are also recorded for operating loss, capital loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized by applying enacted tax rates to temporary differences that exist as of the balance sheet date. We record valuation allowances to reduce our deferred income tax assets if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2011, we have recorded valuation allowances totaling $194.9 million for various federal, state and foreign net operating loss, capital loss and foreign tax credit carryforwards. While we have considered future taxable income in assessing the need for the valuation allowances based on our best available projections, if these estimates and assumptions change in the future or if actual results differ from our projections, we may be required to adjust our valuation allowances accordingly. Such adjustment could be material to our Consolidated Financial Statements. As further described in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2011 includes net deferred income tax assets of $400.7 million. Included in this amount are deferred federal and state income tax assets of $30.9 million and $58.6 million, respectively, relating to federal and state net operating loss carryforwards. These net operating losses arose primarily as a result of the amounts paid to the Asbestos PI Trust in 2006. We have concluded that all but $18.7 million of these income tax benefits are more likely than not to be realized in the future. Inherent in determining our effective tax rate are judgments regarding business plans and expectations about future operations. These judgments include the amount and geographic mix of future taxable 23 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations income, limitations on usage of net operating loss carryforwards, potential tax law changes, the impact of ongoing or potential tax audits, earnings repatriation plans and other future tax consequences. We establish reserves for tax positions that management believes are supportable, but are potentially subject to challenge by the applicable taxing authorities. We review these tax uncertainties in light of the changing facts and circumstances and adjust them when warranted. We have several tax audits in process in various jurisdictions. ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS EFFECTIVE IN FUTURE PERIODS There were no new accounting pronouncements issued or effective during the fiscal year which have had or are expected to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Unless otherwise indicated, net sales in these results of operations are reported based upon the location where the sale was made. Please refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of segment operating income to consolidated earnings before income taxes. 2011 COMPARED TO 2010 CONSOLIDATED RESULTS (dollar amounts in millions) Net sales: Americas Europe Pacific Rim Total consolidated net sales Operating income 2011 2010 Change is Favorable/ (Unfavorable) $ 2,040.3 597.3 221.9 $ 2,859.5 $ 239.2 $ 1,966.7 600.9 198.8 $ 2,766.4 $ 81.1 3.7% (0.6)% 11.6% 3.4% 194.9% Consolidated net sales increased on favorable foreign exchange of approximately $61 million combined with favorable price and mix, which were partially offset by volume declines. Net sales in the Americas increased driven by price and mix which overcame volume declines in the Resilient Flooring business. Net sales in the European markets remained flat for the year, as favorable foreign exchange impact of approximately $37 million and modest price improvements were offset by volume declines largely due to the restructuring of our European flooring business. Net sales in the Pacific Rim increased on higher volumes and favorable foreign exchange impact of approximately $14 million, which was partially offset by less favorable mix. Cost of goods sold was 76.5% of net sales in 2011, compared to 77.9% for the same period in 2010. The decrease was driven by positive pricing actions, reduced manufacturing costs that were partially offset by increases in input costs. SG&A expenses in 2011 were $478.3 million, or 16.7% of net sales, compared to $531.3 million, or 19.2% of net sales, in 2010. The decreases were due to reductions in core SG&A expenses. In addition, 2010 was impacted by $14.7 million of CEO transition costs, a $6.1 million asset impairment charge related to the termination of our flight operations, a loss of $5.8 million related to the sale of our European 24 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations metal ceilings contract installation business, a gain of $2.3 million on the collection of a non-current note receivable, and an asset impairment charge of $2.1 million for a European warehouse facility. Restructuring charges for severance and related costs of $9.0 million were recorded in 2011, compared to $22.0 million in 2010. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. Equity earnings from our WAVE joint venture were $54.9 million in 2011 compared to $45.0 million in 2010. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. Interest expense was $48.5 million in 2011 compared to $21.2 million in 2010. The increase was primarily due to the fourth quarter 2010 debt refinancing which increased outstanding debt balances and interest rates compared to our previous credit facility. Income tax expense was $80.7 million and $55.7 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively. The effective tax rate for 2011 was 41.8% as compared to a rate of 83.5% for 2010. The effective tax rate for 2011 was lower than 2010 due to the enactment of the federal health care reform legislation in March 2010. As reported in Note 16 of our Consolidated Financial Statements, our foreign operations recorded losses before income taxes of $3.9 million in 2011, $17.1 million in 2010 and $0.3 million in 2009. The 2010 losses were caused by significant restructuring charges and fixed asset impairments as we shut down manufacturing plants in the United Kingdom, Sweden and Canada. We also streamlined our product range and sales organization in our European Flooring business. Charges related to these actions continued in 2011. As reported in Note 15 of our Consolidated Financial Statements, the charges associated with these actions totaled approximately $13 million in 2011 and $25 million in 2010. These charges were recorded within Restructuring Charges, Cost of Goods Sold and SG&A expense. We did not incur any such charges for foreign operations in 2009. We believe our foreign operations will generate income in 2012 as significant restructuring charges are not expected to occur. REPORTABLE SEGMENT RESULTS Building Products (dollar amounts in millions) Net sales: Americas Europe Pacific Rim Total segment net sales Operating income 2011 2010 Change is Favorable $ 749.3 356.8 131.4 $ 1,237.5 $ 226.1 $ 696.0 324.4 115.1 $ 1,135.5 $ 171.0 7.7% 10.0% 14.2% 9.0% 32.2% Net sales in the Americas increased due to improved price realization, positive mix and volume improvement. Net sales in Europe increased on favorable foreign exchange of approximately $20 million combined with positive price and mix, offset partially by reduced volumes. Net sales in the Pacific Rim increased as higher volumes and favorable foreign exchange of approximately $7 million were partially offset by less favorable mix. Improvement in operating income was driven by better price realization, favorable mix, higher earnings from WAVE, decreased SG&A costs and volume improvement, partially offset by higher raw material and manufacturing costs (which included $15 million related to the renegotiation of collective bargaining agreements). 2011 results were impacted by approximately $12 million of severance and restructuring related costs. 2010 results were impacted by approximately $21 million of accelerated depreciation and 25 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations restructuring charges, and a loss of $5.8 million related to the sale of our European metal ceilings contract installation business. Resilient Flooring (dollar amounts in millions) Net sales: Americas Europe Pacific Rim Total segment net sales Operating income 2011 2010 Change is Favorable/ (Unfavorable) $ 671.3 240.5 90.5 $ 1,002.3 $ 15.8 $ 653.0 276.5 83.7 $ 1,013.2 $ 13.1 2.8% (13.0)% 8.1% (1.1)% 20.6% Net sales in the Americas increased as mix improvements and price gains more than offset volume declines. Net sales in Europe benefitted from favorable foreign exchange of approximately $16 million and positive price realization, which were partially offset by unfavorable mix. Volume declines in our European business are primarily related to the restructuring of our European flooring business, which included the exit of the residential flooring business, and the simplification of our country and product offerings. Excluding the impact of these actions, year on year volumes were down slightly. Net sales in the Pacific Rim increased on favorable foreign exchange of approximately $7 million combined with higher volumes and favorable mix. Operating income improved as reduced manufacturing costs, improved price and reductions in SG&A expenses offset volume declines and raw material inflation. 2010 results were impacted by approximately $7 million of costs related to the closure of our Montreal, Canada facility and $7.0 million of income due to laminate duty refunds. Operating income includes losses related to European Resilient Flooring as outlined in the table below: (dollar amount in millions) Resilient Flooring Europe operating loss 2011 $ (29.2) 2010 $ (36.1) The operating losses for Resilient Flooring Europe in 2011 and 2010 included approximately $18 million and $17 million, respectively, for severance and restructuring related costs of the European business. In addition to those charges, the losses include fixed asset impairment charges of $2.2 million and $2.1 million recorded in 2011 and 2010, respectively. Wood Flooring (dollar amounts in millions) Total segment net sales Operating income (loss) 2011 2010 Change is Favorable $ 483.3 $ 43.4 $ 479.1 $ (45.8) 0.9% Favorable Net sales increased as favorable foreign exchange of approximately $2 million and slightly higher volumes were partially offset by unfavorable mix. 26 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Operating income increased primarily due to reduced manufacturing and SG&A costs and favorable input costs when compared to the prior year, which were somewhat offset by unfavorable mix. Additionally, operating income in 2010 was negatively impacted by approximately $16 million of fixed asset write downs and restructuring charges related to the closure of two manufacturing facilities and $22.4 million of non-cash impairment charges related to our Wood Flooring trademarks. Cabinets (dollar amounts in millions) Total segment net sales Operating (loss) 2011 2010 $ 136.4 $ (0.7) $ 138.6 $ (6.4) Change is Favorable/ (Unfavorable) (1.6)% 89.1% Net sales decreased as slight improvement in volume was more than offset by unfavorable mix. Operating loss improved as reduced SG&A and manufacturing costs were partially offset by less favorable mix. Unallocated Corporate Unallocated corporate expense of $45.4 million decreased from $50.8 million in the prior year. 2011 included a $25 million lower pension credit as compared to 2010. In addition, 2010 included $14.7 million for CEO transition costs, $6.1 million of asset impairment charges related to the termination of our flight operations, $4.0 million of restructuring charges, and a gain of $2.3 million on the collection of a non- current note receivable. After consideration of these items, corporate expenses declined in 2011 due to lower core spending and reduced headcount. FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY Cash Flow Operating activities for 2011 provided $212.2 million of cash, an increase of $21.8 million compared to the $190.4 million of cash provided in 2010. The increase was primarily due to higher earnings partially offset by lower cash generated by changes in working capital. Net cash used for investing activities was $18.4 million for 2011, compared to $41.0 million in 2010. This change was primarily due to increased purchases of property, plant and equipment and decreased proceeds from the sale of assets in 2011, partially offset by the receipt of cash from our Recovery Zone Facility bonds and increased distributions from WAVE. Net cash used for financing activities was $32.4 million for 2011, compared to $409.0 million during 2010. Net cash used in 2011 was impacted by $25.0 million of payments on our revolving credit facility, payments of long-term debt of $9.1 million and financing costs of $7.9 million, partially offset by proceeds from exercised stock options of $7.7 million. Net cash used in 2010 was impacted by a cash dividend of $798.6 million partially offset by $800 million of new debt that was used to repay our $430 million credit agreement. Additionally, in 2010 we issued $35 million in Recovery Zone Facility bonds related to our West Virginia mineral wool plant. Liquidity Our liquidity needs for operations vary throughout the year. We retain lines of credit to facilitate our seasonal cash flow needs, since cash flow is generally lower during the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year. On November 23, 2010, we executed a $1.05 billion senior credit facility arranged by Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc. and Barclays Capital. This facility consists of a $250 million revolving credit facility (with a $150 million sublimit for letters of credit), a $250 million Term Loan A and a $550 million Term Loan B. The facility is secured by U.S. personal property, the capital stock of material U.S. subsidiaries and a pledge of 65% of the stock of our material first tier foreign subsidiaries. 27 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations On March 10, 2011, we entered into an amendment pursuant to which the following changes were effected with respect to Term Loan B: (cid:120) The applicable margin for borrowings under Term Loan B was reduced (i) to 2.00% from 2.50% with respect to base rate borrowings, and (ii) to 3.00% from 3.50% with respect to LIBOR borrowings; (cid:120) The minimum interest rate for borrowings under Term Loan B was reduced from 1.50% to 1.00%; and (cid:120) The maturity date for Term Loan B was extended from May 23, 2017 to March 10, 2018. Until maturity, quarterly amortization payments on Term Loan B will continue in an amount equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount of Term Loan B. In connection with the amendment to Term Loan B, we paid a $5.5 million prepayment premium, which represented one percent of the principal amount of Term Loan B and which was capitalized and is being amortized into interest expense over the life of the loan. We also paid approximately $1.6 million of fees to third parties (banks, attorneys, etc.). The senior credit facility includes two financial covenants that require the ratio of consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) to consolidated cash interest expense minus cash consolidated interest income (“consolidated interest coverage ratio”) to be greater than or equal to 3.0 to 1.0 and require the ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness minus AWI and domestic subsidiary unrestricted cash and cash equivalents up to $100 million to consolidated EBITDA (“consolidated leverage ratio”) to be less than or equal to 4.5 to 1.0 through June 30, 2012, 4.0 to 1.0 after June 30, 2012 through September 30, 2013 and 3.75 to 1.0 after September 30, 2013. We currently believe that default under these covenants is unlikely. Fully borrowing under our revolving credit facility would not violate these covenants. During 2011 we were in compliance with all covenants of the credit agreement. The Revolving Credit and Term Loan A portions are currently priced at a spread of 3.00% over LIBOR and the Term Loan B portion (as amended) is priced at 3.00% over LIBOR with a 1.00% LIBOR floor for its entire term. The Term Loan A and Term Loan B were both fully drawn and are currently priced on a variable interest rate basis. On March 31, 2011, we entered into two interest rate swaps, on our Term Loan A and Term Loan B, with notional amounts of $100 million and $200 million, respectively, which mature in November 2015. Under the terms of the Term Loan A swap, we receive 3-month LIBOR and pay a fixed rate over the hedged period. Under the terms of the Term Loan B swap, we receive the greater of 3-month LIBOR or the 1% LIBOR Floor and pay a fixed rate over the hedged period. These swaps are designated as cash flow hedges to hedge against changes in LIBOR for a portion of our variable rate debt. The unpaid balances of Term Loan A, the Revolving Credit and Term Loan B of the credit facility may be prepaid without penalty at the maturity of their respective interest reset periods. Any amounts prepaid on the Term Loan A or Term Loan B may not be re-borrowed. Mandatory prepayments are required under the senior credit facility pursuant to an annual leverage test starting with the year ending December 31, 2011, under which, if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than 2.0 to 1.0, but less than 2.5 to 1.0, we would be required to make a prepayment of 25% of Consolidated Excess Cash Flow, as defined by the credit agreement. If our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than 2.5 to 1.0, the prepayment amount would be 50% of Consolidated Excess Cash Flow. As of December 31, 2011, we had $480.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, $381.8 million in the U.S. and $98.8 million in various foreign jurisdictions. Our current debt rating from S&P is BB- (stable) and from Moody’s is B1 (stable). On December 10, 2010, we established a $100 million Receivables Securitization Program. AWI and its subsidiary, Armstrong Hardwood Flooring Company, sold their U.S. receivables to Armstrong 28 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Receivables Company LLC ("ARC"), a Delaware entity that is consolidated in these financial statements. ARC financed those receivables through Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, with a maximum commitment of $100 million. In addition to the financing of receivables by Credit Agricole, under the documentation establishing the program, Credit Agricole could also issue letters of credit at the request of ARC. The purchase and letter of credit commitments under the program were originally set to expire in December 2013, subject to possible extensions thereafter. In December 2011, this facility was assigned to the Bank of Nova Scotia and extended to 2014. On December 16, 2010, we issued $35.0 million of Recovery Zone Facility bonds through Jackson County, West Virginia, to finance the construction of our new mineral wool plant. These tax exempt bonds are seven day variable rate demand notes backed by a letter of credit. These bonds mature in 2041. On December 31, 2011, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $70.5 million, of which $19.4 million was issued under the revolving credit facility, $50.6 million was issued under the securitization facility and $0.5 million was issued by other banks of international subsidiaries. Letters of credit are issued to third party suppliers, insurance and financial institutions and typically can only be drawn upon in the event of AWI’s failure to pay its obligations to the beneficiary. Foreign Financing Arrangements (dollar amounts in millions) Lines of credit available for borrowing Lines of credit available for letters of credit Total As of December 31, 2011 Limit Used Available $ 21.6 2.4 $ 24.0 - $ 0.9 $ 0.9 $ 21.6 1.5 $ 23.1 These lines of credit are uncommitted, and poor operating results or credit concerns at the related foreign subsidiaries could result in the lines being withdrawn by the lenders. We have historically been able to maintain and, as needed, replace credit facilities to support our foreign operations. In 2011 and 2010, our Board of Directors approved the construction of a U.S. mineral wool plant to supply our Building Products plants, the allocation of capital to double our Building Products production capacity in China, and the construction of two flooring plants in China. Total capital spending for these projects is currently projected to be approximately $200 million. Through December 31, 2011, we have incurred approximately $72 million related to these projects with most of the remaining spending to occur in 2012. In February 2012, our Board of Directors approved the construction of a mineral fiber ceiling plant in Russia. Total capital spending is expected to be approximately $100 million. The spending will be incurred through 2015 with the majority of the spending in 2013. We believe that cash on hand and cash generated from operations, together with lines of credit, availability under our securitization program, and the availability under the $250 million revolving credit facility, will be adequate to address our foreseeable liquidity needs based on current expectations of our business operations, capital expenditures and scheduled payments of debt obligations. 29 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 2010 COMPARED TO 2009 CONSOLIDATED RESULTS (dollar amounts in millions) Net sales: Americas Europe Pacific Rim Total consolidated net sales Operating income 2010 2009 Change is Favorable/ (Unfavorable) $ 1,966.7 600.9 198.8 $ 2,766.4 $ 81.1 $ 1,995.6 626.0 158.4 $ 2,780.0 $ 90.6 (1.4)% (4.0)% 25.5% (0.5)% (10.5)% Consolidated net sales remained flat for the year, as a decrease in volume was largely offset by improved product mix. Net sales in the Americas decreased approximately 1% as decreased residential volumes more than offset price realization, improved product mix, and favorable foreign exchange of $15.1 million. Net sales in the European markets declined approximately 4% as Building Products volume growth was offset by less profitable mix in both Building Products and Resilient Flooring. In addition, results reflect unfavorable foreign exchange of $20.7 million. Net sales in the Pacific Rim increased approximately 26% primarily due to volume growth and favorable foreign exchange of $12.9 million. Cost of goods sold was 77.9% of net sales, compared to 77.7% for the same period in 2009. Compared to the prior year, reduced manufacturing costs were offset by higher input costs. SG&A expenses in 2010 were $531.3 million, or 19.2% of net sales, and $552.4 million, or 19.9% of net sales, in 2009. The decreases were due to reductions in core SG&A expenses and a gain of $2.3 million on the collection of a non-current note receivable. In 2010 these decreases offset $14.7 million of CEO transition costs, a $6.1 million asset impairment charge related to the termination of our flight operations and an asset impairment charge of $2.1 million for a European warehouse facility. Restructuring charges of $22.0 million were recorded in 2010 for severance and related costs for several plant closures and reductions in SG&A personnel. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. Equity earnings from our WAVE joint venture were $45.0 million compared to $40.0 million in 2009. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. Interest expense was $21.2 million compared to $17.7 million in 2009. The increase is primarily due to the refinancing of our credit facility in the fourth quarter of 2010. In connection with the refinancing we wrote off $3.8 million of unamortized debt financing costs related to our previous credit facility to interest expense. Income tax expense (benefit) was $55.7 million and $(2.5) million in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The effective tax rate for 2010 was 83.5% as compared to a rate of -3.3% for 2009. The effective tax rate for 2010 was significantly higher than 2009 due to the enactment of health care reform legislation in March 2010 and the impact of the settlement of the Internal Revenue Service examination in July 2009. 30 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations REPORTABLE SEGMENT RESULTS Building Products (dollar amounts in millions) Net sales: Americas Europe Pacific Rim Total segment net sales Operating income 2010 2009 Change is Favorable/ (Unfavorable) $ 696.0 324.4 115.1 $ 1,135.5 $ 171.0 $ 661.9 331.7 94.1 $ 1,087.7 $ 155.9 5.2% (2.2)% 22.3% 4.4% 9.7% Net sales in the Americas increased due to improved product mix, price realization and favorable foreign exchange impact of $6.4 million. Net sales in Europe declined as higher volume was offset by less profitable product mix and unfavorable foreign exchange of $9.1 million. Net sales in the Pacific Rim increased on higher volume and favorable foreign exchange of $6.7 million. Operating income increased primarily due to the margin impact of increased sales, reduced manufacturing expenses, and higher earnings from WAVE, partially offset by restructuring costs and non- cash accelerated depreciation charges of approximately $21 million in 2010 and a loss on the sale of our European metal ceilings contract installation business of $5.8 million in 2010. Resilient Flooring (dollar amounts in millions) Net sales: Americas Europe Pacific Rim Total segment net sales Operating income (loss) 2010 2009 Change is Favorable/ (Unfavorable) $ 653.0 276.5 83.7 $ 1,013.2 $ 13.1 $ 673.1 294.3 64.3 $ 1,031.7 (3.0)% (6.0)% 30.2% (1.8)% $ 0.1 Favorable Net sales in the Americas declined primarily due to volume declines in residential and commercial markets, partially offset by product mix improvement and favorable foreign exchange of $6.4 million. Net sales in European markets declined on lower volume partially due to our exit in the fourth quarter of 2010 of the residential flooring business, unfavorable product mix, and unfavorable foreign exchange impact of $11.6 million. Net sales in the Pacific Rim increased due to higher volume and favorable foreign exchange impact of $6.2 million. Operating income improved as reduced manufacturing and SG&A expenses more than offset the margin impact of lower sales and raw material inflation. Operating income in 2010 was negatively impacted by approximately $17 million of charges related to the restructuring of the European business, $2.1 million of asset impairment charges and approximately $7 million of costs related to the closure of our Montreal, Canada facility, partially offset by approximately $7 million of income due to laminate duty refunds. See Note 30 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the laminate duty refunds. Operating income in 2009 was negatively impacted by $4.7 million in cost reduction initiatives expenses 31 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and $3.0 million of asset impairment charges. The European Resilient Flooring business incurred losses of $36.1 million for 2010 and $25.7 million for the same period in 2009. Wood Flooring (dollar amounts in millions) Total segment net sales Operating (loss) 2010 2009 $ 479.1 $ (45.8) $ 510.4 $ (5.9) Change is (Unfavorable) (6.1)% Unfavorable Net sales declined due to lower volume in residential markets partially offset by improvements in product mix and price. Operating income declined as the margin impact of lower sales, significant raw hardwood lumber material inflation and the related inventory valuation impact of this inflation, offset reduced manufacturing and SG&A expenses. Operating income in 2010 was negatively impacted by approximately $16 million of fixed asset write downs and restructuring charges related to the closure of two manufacturing facilities. Non-cash impairment charges of $22.4 and $18.0 million related to our Wood Flooring trademarks also negatively impacted operating income in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Cabinets (dollar amounts in millions) Total segment net sales Operating (loss) 2010 2009 $ 138.6 $ (6.4) $ 150.2 $ (18.3) Change is Favorable/ (Unfavorable) (7.7)% 65.0% Net sales decreased due to lower volume driven by continued declines in residential housing markets. Operating loss improved primarily due to reduced SG&A and manufacturing expenses, partially offset by the margin impact of lower sales. Operating loss in 2009 was impacted by $6.1 million of expenses related to the Auburn, Nebraska plant closure. Unallocated Corporate Unallocated corporate expense of $50.8 million increased from $41.2 million in the prior year. 2010 included $14.7 million for CEO transition costs, $6.1 million of asset impairment charges related to the termination of our flight operations and $4.0 million of restructuring charges. 2010 was negatively impacted compared to 2009 by a lower pension credit and costs related to the support of our LEAN initiatives. 2009 included $31.6 million related to a change in control event which resulted in accelerated stock–based compensation expense. For management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations for the quarters ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, see Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. CASH FLOW Operating activities for 2010 provided $190.4 million of cash, a decrease of $69.8 million compared to the $260.2 million of cash provided for 2009. The decrease was primarily due to lower decreases in inventories during 2010 compared to 2009, and a decrease in accounts receivables in 2009 compared to a small increase in 2010. These decreases were partially offset by increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses across most business units, partially due to restructuring accruals, compared to decreases in 2009. Net cash used by investing activities was unchanged. Higher proceeds from asset sales and lower capital expenditures were primarily offset by restricted cash received related to the financing of our West Virginia mineral wool plant. 32 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Net cash used for financing activities was $409.0 million for 2010, primarily due to a cash dividend of $798.6 million partially offset by $800 million of new debt that was used to repay our $430 million credit agreement. In addition, we issued $35 million in bonds related to our West Virginia mineral wool plant. Net cash used for financing activities was $26.7 million for 2009 primarily due to scheduled debt repayments. See Liquidity section for further discussion of our refinancing. OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS No disclosures are required pursuant to Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K. CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS As part of our normal operations, we enter into numerous contractual obligations that require specific payments during the term of the various agreements. The following table includes amounts ongoing under contractual obligations existing as of December 31, 2011. Only known payments that are dependent solely on the passage of time are included. Obligations under contracts that contain minimum payment amounts are shown at the minimum payment amount. Contracts that have variable payment structures without minimum payments are excluded. Purchase orders that are entered into in the normal course of business are also excluded because they are generally cancelable and not legally binding. Amounts are presented below based upon the currently scheduled payment terms. Actual future payments may differ from the amounts presented below due to changes in payment terms or events affecting the payments. (dollar amounts in millions) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Thereafter Total Long-term debt Scheduled interest payments (1) Operating lease obligations (2) Unconditional purchase obligations (3) Other obligations (4), (5) Total contractual obligations $ 18.1 37.7 7.1 37.9 4.3 $ 105.1 $ 30.5 36.6 5.9 6.1 - $ 79.1 $ 43.0 35.5 3.5 4.2 - $ 86.2 $ 180.5 36.4 2.0 3.6 - $ 222.5 $ 5.5 28.4 1.5 1.1 - $ 36.5 $ 563.4 75.7 3.6 - - $ 642.7 $ 841.0 250.3 23.6 52.9 4.3 $ 1,172.1 (1) For debt with variable interest rates and interest rate swaps, we projected future interest payments based on market based interest rate swap curves. (2) Lease obligations include the minimum payments due under existing agreements with non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year. (3) Unconditional purchase obligations include (a) purchase contracts whereby we must make guaranteed minimum payments of a specified amount regardless of how little material is actually purchased (“take or pay” contracts) and (b) service agreements. Unconditional purchase obligations exclude contracts entered into during the normal course of business that are non-cancelable and have fixed per unit fees, but where the monthly commitment varies based upon usage. Cellular phone contracts are an example. (4) Other obligations include payments under severance agreements. (5) Other obligations, does not include $127.2 million of liabilities under ASC 740 “Income Taxes”. Due to the uncertainty relating to these positions, we are unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate amount or timing of the settlement of these issues. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. We have issued financial guarantees to assure payment on behalf of our subsidiaries in the event of default on various debt and lease obligations in the table above. We have not issued any guarantees on behalf of joint-venture or unrelated businesses. We are party to supply agreements, some of which require the purchase of inventory remaining at the supplier upon termination of the agreement. The last such agreement will expire in 2014. Had these agreements terminated at December 31, 2011, Armstrong would have been obligated to purchase approximately $16.7 million of inventory. Historically, due to production planning, we have not had to 33 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations purchase material amounts of product at the end of similar contracts. Accordingly, no liability has been recorded for these guarantees. As part of our executive compensation plan, certain current and former executives participate in a split- dollar insurance program where we are responsible for remitting the premiums. Since 1998, the program was closed to new participants. As of December 31, 2011, we carried a cash surrender value asset of $1.0 million related to this program. Should we discontinue making premium payments, the insured executives have the right to the entire policy cash surrender value. In light of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we believe it is inappropriate to make the premium payments for two of the executives participating in this plan. As a result, we have required these two individuals to make the premium payments to continue the policy. We utilize lines of credit and other commercial commitments in order to ensure that adequate funds are available to meet operating requirements. Letters of credit are issued to third party suppliers, insurance and financial institutions and typically can only be drawn upon in the event of our failure to pay our obligations to the beneficiary. This table summarizes the commitments we have available in the U.S. for use as of December 31, 2011. Letters of credit are currently arranged through our revolving credit facility or our securitization facility. Other Commercial Commitments (dollar amounts in millions) Letters of credit Total Amounts Committed $ 70.5 Less Than 1 Year $ 70.5 1 – 3 Years - 4 – 5 Years - Over 5 Years - In addition, our foreign subsidiaries had available lines of credit totaling $24.0 million of which $2.4 million was available only for letters of credit and guarantees. There were no borrowings under these lines of credit as of December 31, 2011, leaving $21.6 million of unused lines of credit available for foreign borrowings. There were $0.9 million of letters of credit issued under these credit lines as of December 31, 2011 leaving additional letter of credit availability of $1.5 million. On December 31, 2011, we had a $250 million revolving credit facility with a $150 million sublimit for letters of credit, of which $19.4 million was outstanding. There were no borrowings under the revolving credit facility. Availability under this facility totaled $230.6 million as of December 31, 2011. We also have the $100 million securitization facility which as of December 31, 2011 had letters of credit outstanding of $50.6 million and no borrowings against it. Maximum capacity under this facility was $57.2 million (of which $6.6 million was available), subject to accounts receivable balances and other collateral adjustments. In disposing of assets, we have entered into contracts that included various indemnity provisions, covering such matters as taxes, environmental liabilities and asbestos and other litigation. Some of these contracts have exposure limits, but many do not. Due to the nature of the indemnities, it is not possible to estimate the potential maximum exposure under these contracts. For contracts under which an indemnity claim has been received, a liability of $4.3 million has been recorded as of December 31, 2011, which is included in environmental liabilities as disclosed in Note 30 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 34 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Market Risk We are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices that could impact our results of operations and financial condition. We use forward swaps and option contracts to hedge currency, interest rate and commodity exposures. Forward swap and option contracts are entered into for periods consistent with underlying exposure and do not constitute positions independent of those exposures. We use derivative financial instruments as risk management tools and not for speculative trading purposes. In addition, derivative financial instruments are entered into with a diversified group of major financial institutions in order to manage our exposure to potential nonperformance on such instruments. We regularly monitor developments in the capital markets. Counterparty Risk We only enter into derivative transactions with established counterparties having a credit rating of BBB or better. We monitor counterparty credit default swap levels and credit ratings on a regular basis. All of our derivative transactions with counterparties are governed by master International Swap and Derivatives Association agreements (“ISDAs”) with netting arrangements. These agreements can limit our exposure in situations where we have gain and loss positions outstanding with a single counterparty. We generally do not post nor receive cash collateral with any counterparty for our derivative transactions. As of December 31, 2011 we had no cash collateral posted or received for any of our derivative transactions. These ISDAs do not contain any credit contingent features other than those contained in our bank credit facility. Exposure to individual counterparties is controlled, and thus we consider the risk of counterparty default to be negligible. Interest Rate Sensitivity We are subject to interest rate variability on our Term Loan A, Term Loan B, revolving credit facility and other borrowings. A hypothetical increase of one-quarter percentage point in LIBOR interest rates from December 31, 2011 levels would increase 2012 interest expense by approximately $0.5 million. A significant portion of our debt has a 1% LIBOR floor which would not be affected by a one-quarter percentage point move in LIBOR given the current interest rate environment. We also have $300 million of interest rate swaps outstanding, which fixes a portion of our debt. The effects of the interest rate swaps are included in this calculation. As of December 31, 2011, we had two interest rate swaps outstanding, one on Term Loan A and one on Term Loan B, with notional amounts of $100 million and $200 million, respectively, which mature in November 2015. We utilize interest rate swaps to minimize the fluctuations in earnings caused by interest rate volatility. Interest expense on variable-rate liabilities increases or decreases as a result of interest rate fluctuations. Under the terms of Term Loan A swap, we receive 3-month LIBOR and pay a fixed rate over the hedged period. Under the terms of the Term Loan B swap, we received the greater of 3-month LIBOR or the 1% LIBOR Floor and pay a fixed rate over the hedged period. These swaps are designated as cash flow hedges against changes in LIBOR for a portion of our variable rate debt. The mark-to-market loss was $14.0 million at December 31, 2011. The table below provides information about our long-term debt obligations as of December 31, 2011, including payment requirements and related weighted-average interest rates by scheduled maturity dates. Weighted average variable rates are based on implied forward rates in the yield curve and are exclusive of our interest rate swaps. Scheduled maturity date (dollar amounts in millions) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 After 2016 Total Variable rate Avg. interest rate $ 18.1 3.75% $ 30.5 3.80% $ 43.0 4.00% $ 180.5 4.55% $ 5.5 5.05% $ 563.4 5.40% $ 841.0 5.05% 35 Exchange Rate Sensitivity We manufacture and sell our products in a number of countries throughout the world and, as a result, are exposed to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. To a large extent, our global manufacturing and sales provide a natural hedge of foreign currency exchange rate movement. We use foreign currency forward exchange contracts to reduce our remaining exposure. At December 31, 2011, our major, pre-hedging foreign currency exposures are to the Canadian Dollar, Euro, and Australian Dollar. A 10% strengthening of all currencies against the U.S. dollar compared to December 31, 2011 levels would increase our 2012 earnings before income taxes by approximately $2.6 million, including the impact of current foreign currency forward exchange contracts. We also use foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge exposures created by cross-currency intercompany loans. The table below details our outstanding currency instruments as of December 31, 2011. On balance sheet foreign exchange related derivatives (dollar amounts in millions) Notional amounts Assets at fair value Maturing in 2012 $ 135.4 $ 0.9 Natural Gas Price Sensitivity We purchase natural gas for use in the manufacture of ceiling tiles and other products, as well as to heat many of our facilities. As a result, we are exposed to fluctuations in the price of natural gas. We have a policy of reducing North American natural gas volatility through derivative instruments, including forward swap contracts, purchased call options and zero-cost collars. As of December 31, 2011, we had contracts to hedge approximately $47.2 million (notional amounts) of natural gas. All of these contracts mature by 2013. A 10% increase in North American natural gas prices compared to December 31, 2011 prices would increase our 2012 expenses by approximately $0.3 million including the impact of current hedging contracts. At December 31, 2011 we had recorded liabilities of $9.3 million related to these contracts. 36 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Quarterly Financial Information for the Years Ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 (Unaudited) The following consolidated financial statements are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the Years Ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010. Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Schedule II for the Years Ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009. 37 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited) (dollar amounts in millions, except for per share data) 2011 Net sales Gross profit Net earnings Per share of common stock: Basic Diluted Price range of common stock—high Price range of common stock—low First Second Third Fourth $ 685.2 160.7 $ 748.6 184.7 $ 773.6 196.9 $ 652.1 129.3 13.5 37.9 52.5 8.5 $ 0.23 $ 0.23 $ 47.53 $ 39.41 $ 0.64 $ 0.64 $ 48.37 $ 42.50 $ 0.89 $ 0.89 $ 48.68 $ 32.47 $ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 45.96 $ 32.82 Dividends paid per share - - - - 2010 Net sales Gross profit Net earnings (loss) Per share of common stock: Basic Diluted Price range of common stock—high Price range of common stock—low First Second Third Fourth $ 658.9 145.8 $ 724.8 170.4 $ 739.8 172.0 $ 642.9 123.6 (19.4) 26.8 24.6 (21.0) $ (0.34) $ (0.34) $ 40.93 $ 33.42 $ 0.47 $ 0.46 $ 45.05 $ 29.44 $ 0.42 $ 0.42 $ 43.05 $ 28.01 $ (0.36) $ (0.36) $ 54.58 $ 39.55 Dividends paid per share - - - $ 13.74 Note: The net sales and gross profit amounts reported above are reported on a continuing operations basis. The sum of the quarterly earnings per share data may not equal the total year amounts due to changes in the average shares outstanding and, for diluted data, the exclusion of the anti-dilutive effect in certain quarters. 38 Fourth Quarter 2011 Compared With Fourth Quarter 2010 Net sales of $652.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2011 increased from net sales of $642.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2010. Excluding the favorable effects of foreign exchange rates of approximately $3 million, net sales increased approximately 1%. The increase in sales was due to improved price realization and favorable mix, partially offset by volume declines. Net sales increased approximately 4% in the Americas. Excluding the favorable impact of foreign exchange of approximately $2 million, net sales in Europe declined by almost 10%. The reduction in sales in our European markets is largely due to the restructuring of our European flooring business. Excluding the favorable impact of foreign exchange of approximately $1 million, Pacific Rim sales increased approximately 7%. Building Products net sales increased by approximately 5%, excluding the favorable effects of foreign exchange rates, due to better price realization and favorable mix. Resilient Flooring net sales decreased by approximately 4%, excluding the favorable effects of foreign exchange rates, primarily due to lower volumes in Europe related to the restructuring of our European flooring business, and some positive price and mix. Wood Flooring net sales increased approximately 3% as higher volumes were partially offset by unfavorable mix and price. Cabinets net sales decreased by almost 11% on volume declines due to declines in the residential housing markets. The fourth quarter of 2010 was negatively impacted by non-cash impairment charges of $22.4 million related to our Wood trademarks, approximately $19 million of fixed asset write downs and severance charges and a $5.8 million loss on the sale of our European metal ceilings contract installation business. For the fourth quarter of 2011, cost of goods sold was 80.2% of net sales, compared to 80.8% in 2010. The decrease was due to positive pricing actions and reduced manufacturing costs partially offset by higher input costs. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses for the fourth quarter of 2011 were $117.2 million, or 18.0% of net sales compared to $130.8 million, or 20.3% of net sales, for the fourth quarter of 2010. Reductions in SG&A expenses in 2011 were primarily due to lower core spending and reduced headcount. 2010 was impacted by a loss on the sale of our European metal ceilings contract installation business. Restructuring charges in the fourth quarter of 2011 and 2010 of $1.0 million and $7.0 million, respectively, were recorded for severance and related costs. Equity earnings in the fourth quarter of 2011 and 2010 were $10.5 million and $6.4 million, respectively. Operating income of $21.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2011 compared to a loss of $30.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2010 primarily resulted from the items discussed above. Interest expense was $10.9 million compared to $9.4 million in 2010. The increase was primarily due to the fourth quarter 2010 refinancing of our credit facility which increased outstanding debt balances and interest rates compared to our previous facility. In the fourth quarter of 2010, in connection with the refinancing we wrote off $3.8 million of unamortized debt financing costs related to our previous credit facility to interest expense. Income tax expense for the fourth quarter of 2011 was $2.7 million on pre-tax income of $11.2 million versus a tax benefit of $17.0 million on a pre-tax loss of $38.0 million in 2010. The effective tax rate for the fourth quarter of 2011 was lower than 2010 primarily due to additional foreign tax credits recognized. 39 Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our internal control over financial reporting was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this evaluation and the criteria in the COSO framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2011. KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, audited our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011. Their audit report can be found on page 41. /s/ Matthew J. Espe Matthew J. Espe Chief Executive Officer and President /s/ Thomas B. Mangas Thomas B. Mangas Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer /s/ Stephen F. McNamara Stephen F. McNamara Vice President and Corporate Controller February 27, 2012 40 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors and Shareholders Armstrong World Industries, Inc.: We have audited Armstrong World Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries’ (“the Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, Armstrong World Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2011, and our report dated February 27, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. /s/ KPMG LLP Philadelphia, Pennsylvania February 27, 2012 41 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors and Shareholders Armstrong World Industries, Inc.: We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Armstrong World Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (“the Company”) as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2011. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we also have audited the financial statement schedule as listed in the accompanying index on page 37. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Armstrong World Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three- year period ended December 31, 2011, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 27, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ KPMG LLP Philadelphia, Pennsylvania February 27, 2012 42 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Earnings (amounts in millions, except per share data) Years Ended December 31, 2010 2011 2009 Net sales Cost of goods sold Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expenses Intangible asset impairment Restructuring charges, net Equity earnings from joint venture Operating income Interest expense Other non-operating expense Other non-operating (income) Earnings before income taxes Income tax expense (benefit) Earnings Earnings per share of common stock: Basic Diluted Average number of common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted $ 2,859.5 2,187.9 671.6 $ 2,766.4 2,154.6 611.8 $ 2,780.0 2,159.0 621.0 478.3 - 9.0 (54.9) 239.2 48.5 1.4 (3.8) 193.1 80.7 531.3 22.4 22.0 (45.0) 81.1 21.2 1.2 (8.0) 66.7 55.7 552.4 18.0 - (40.0) 90.6 17.7 0.9 (3.2) 75.2 (2.5) $112.4 $11.0 $77.7 $ 1.91 $ 1.90 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 1.36 $ 1.36 58.3 58.8 57.7 58.2 56.8 57.0 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements beginning on page 47. 43 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets (amounts in millions, except share data) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts and notes receivable, net Inventories, net Deferred income taxes Income tax receivable Other current assets Total current assets Property, plant and equipment, less accumulated depreciation and amortization of $506.4 and $482.8, respectively Prepaid pension costs Investment in joint venture Intangible assets, net Restricted cash Deferred income taxes Other noncurrent assets Total assets Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity Current liabilities: Short-term debt Current installments of long-term debt Accounts payable and accrued expenses Income tax payable Deferred income taxes Total current liabilities Long-term debt, less current installments Postretirement benefit liabilities Pension benefit liabilities Other long-term liabilities Income taxes payable Deferred income taxes Total noncurrent liabilities Shareholders’ equity: Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, authorized 200 million shares; issued 58,424,691 shares in 2011 and 58,070,807 shares in 2010 Capital in excess of par value Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) Total shareholders’ equity Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 $ 480.6 232.5 388.9 45.3 23.4 38.6 1,209.3 902.9 58.0 141.0 545.1 1.5 46.4 90.5 $ 315.8 229.5 398.5 20.9 20.7 35.3 1,020.7 854.9 130.7 188.6 556.1 30.0 45.0 96.4 $ 2,994.7 $ 2,922.4 $ 2.0 18.1 359.6 4.0 2.4 386.1 822.9 272.2 206.7 78.9 36.7 61.0 1,478.4 0.6 1,467.5 77.1 (415.0) 1,130.2 $ 25.0 10.3 340.3 4.9 2.4 382.9 839.6 277.9 202.1 70.3 34.7 24.1 1,448.7 0.6 1,451.2 (35.3) (325.7) 1,090.8 $ 2,994.7 $ 2,922.4 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements beginning on page 47. 44 Common stock: Balance at beginning of year and December 31 Capital in excess of par value: Balance at beginning of year Share-based employee compensation, net Balance at December 31 Retained earnings: Balance at beginning of year Net earnings for period Balance at December 31 Accumulated other comprehensive (loss): Balance at beginning of year Foreign currency translation adjustments Derivative (loss), net Pension and postretirement adjustments Total other comprehensive (loss) Balance at December 31 Comprehensive income Total equity Non-Controlling Interest: Balance at beginning of year Non-controlling interest purchase Balance as of December 31 Common stock: Balance at beginning of year and December 31 Capital in excess of par value: Balance at beginning of year Share-based employee compensation, net Dividend in excess of retained earnings Non-controlling interest purchase Balance at December 31 Accumulated deficit: Balance at beginning of year Net earnings for period Dividend Balance at December 31 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): Balance at beginning of year Foreign currency translation adjustments Derivative gain, net Non-controlling interest purchase Pension and postretirement adjustments Total other comprehensive (loss) Balance at December 31 Comprehensive (loss) Total equity Non-Controlling Interest: Balance at beginning of year Common stock: Balance at beginning of year and December 31 Capital in excess of par value: Balance at beginning of year Share-based employee compensation, net Balance at December 31 Retained earnings: Balance at beginning of year Net earnings for period Balance at December 31 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): Balance at beginning of year Foreign currency translation adjustments Derivative (loss), net Pension and postretirement adjustments Total other comprehensive income Balance at December 31 Comprehensive income Total equity Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Equity (amounts in millions) Total AWI Shareholders Year 2011 Non-Controlling Interest $ 0.6 $ 1,451.2 16.3 $ 1,467.5 $ (35.3) 112.4 $ 77.1 $ (325.7) (1.6) (9.0) (78.7) (89.3) $ (415.0) $ 112.4 (89.3) $ 23.1 $ 0.6 $ 1,451.2 16.3 $ 1,467.5 $ (35.3) 112.4 $ 77.1 $ (325.7) (1.6) (9.0) (78.7) (89.3) $ (415.0) $ 112.4 (89.3) $ 23.1 $ 1,130.2 $ 1,130.2 Year 2010 $ 8.6 (8.6) $ - $ 0.6 $ 2,052.1 14.7 (612.1) (3.5) $ 1,451.2 $ 144.4 11.0 (190.7) $ (35.3) $ (297.8) (0.3) 0.5 1.1 (29.2) (27.9) $(325.7) $ 1,090.8 $ 8.1 $ 0.6 $ 2,024.7 27.4 $ 2,052.1 $ 66.7 78.2 $ 144.9 $ (348.8) 34.4 (2.2) 18.8 51.0 $(297.8) $ 1,907.9 $ 11.0 (27.9) $ (16.9) $ 78.2 51.0 $ 129.2 $ - - $ - $ 0.6 $ 2,052.1 14.7 (612.1) (3.5) $ 1,451.2 $ 144.4 11.0 (190.7) $ (35.3) $ (297.8) (0.3) 0.5 1.1 (29.2) (27.9) $(325.7) $ 1,090.8 $ 11.0 (27.9) $ (16.9) Year 2009 $ - $ 0.6 $ 2,024.7 27.4 $ 2,052.1 $ 66.7 77.7 $ 144.4 $ (348.8) 34.4 (2.2) 18.8 51.0 $(297.8) $ 1,899.3 $ 77.7 51.0 $ 128.7 $ 8.6 (8.6) $ - $ 8.1 - - - - - 0.5 $ 0.5 - - - - - - $ 8.6 $ 0.5 - $ 0.5 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements beginning on page 47. 45 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (amounts in millions) Cash flows from operating activities: Net earnings Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Asset impairments Deferred income taxes Share-based compensation Equity earnings from joint venture U.S. pension credit Restructuring charges, net Restructuring payments Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Receivables Inventories Other current assets Other noncurrent assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Income tax payable Other long-term liabilities Other, net Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property, plant and equipment (Acquisition) Divestiture Restricted cash Return of investment from joint venture Proceeds from noncurrent note receivable Proceeds from the sale of assets Net cash (used for) investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from revolving credit facility and other debt Payments on revolving credit facility and other debt Issuance of long-term debt Payments of long-term debt Financing costs Special dividend paid Proceeds from exercised stock options Purchase of non-controlling interest Net cash (used for) financing activities Years Ended December 31, 2011 2010 2009 $ 112.4 $ 11.0 $ 77.7 113.8 3.3 62.7 11.1 (54.9) (26.0) 9.0 (20.0) (2.0) 9.2 0.7 (3.0) 11.4 (1.8) (15.1) 1.4 212.2 (150.6) (4.2) 28.5 102.4 - 5.5 (18.4) 2.2 (25.0) - (9.1) (7.9) (0.3) 7.7 - (32.4) 143.3 30.6 21.3 5.0 (45.0) (50.9) 22.0 (7.5) (2.9) 41.2 19.2 (25.4) 10.8 25.9 (7.9) (0.3) 190.4 (92.7) (0.6) (30.0) 51.0 5.5 25.8 (41.0) 50.0 (25.1) 839.3 (462.1) (18.0) (798.6) 13.3 (7.8) (409.0) 146.8 21.0 135.6 38.2 (40.0) (58.2) - - 23.9 105.9 7.0 2.1 (36.9) (147.0) (18.6) 2.7 260.2 (105.1) 8.0 - 53.5 - 2.6 (41.0) - (1.2) 2.4 (25.6) - (1.3) 2.3 (3.3) (26.7) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 3.4 $ 164.8 315.8 $ 480.6 5.9 $ (253.7) 569.5 $ 315.8 22.0 $ 214.5 355.0 $ 569.5 Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures: Interest paid Income taxes paid, net Amounts in accounts payable for capital expenditures $ 40.5 19.9 11.0 $ 11.3 8.5 - $ 10.4 8.9 - See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements beginning on page 47. 46 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) NOTE 1. BUSINESS AND CHAPTER 11 REORGANIZATION Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (“AWI”) is a Pennsylvania corporation incorporated in 1891. When we refer to "we", "our" and "us" in these notes, we are referring to AWI and its subsidiaries. We use the term “AWI” when we are referring solely to Armstrong World Industries, Inc. In December 2000, AWI filed a voluntary petition for relief (the “Filing”) under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (the “Bankruptcy Court”) in order to use the court-supervised reorganization process to achieve a resolution of AWI’s asbestos-related liability. On October 2, 2006, AWI’s court-approved plan of reorganization (“POR”) became effective and AWI emerged from Chapter 11. All claims in AWI’s Chapter 11 case have been resolved and closed. On October 2, 2006, the Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Asbestos Personal Injury Settlement Trust (“Asbestos PI Trust”) was created to address AWI’s personal injury (including wrongful death) asbestos- related liability. All present and future asbestos-related personal injury claims against AWI, including contribution claims of co-defendants but excluding certain foreign claims against subsidiaries, arising directly or indirectly out of AWI’s pre-Filing use of, or other activities involving, asbestos are channeled to the Asbestos PI Trust. In August 2009, Armor TPG Holdings LLC (“TPG”) and the Asbestos PI Trust entered into agreements whereby TPG purchased 7,000,000 shares of AWI common stock from the Asbestos PI Trust and acquired an economic interest in an additional 1,039,777 shares from the Asbestos PI Trust. The Asbestos PI Trust and TPG together hold more than 60% of AWI’s outstanding shares and have entered into a shareholders’ agreement, pursuant to which the Asbestos PI Trust and TPG have agreed to vote their shares together on certain matters. NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Consolidation Policy. The consolidated financial statements and accompanying data in this report include the accounts of AWI and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements. Use of Estimates. These financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The statements include management estimates and judgments, where appropriate. Management utilizes estimates to record many items including asset values, allowances for bad debts, inventory obsolescence and lower of cost or market charges, warranty, workers’ compensation, general liability and environmental claims and income taxes. When preparing an estimate, management determines the amount based upon the consideration of relevant information. Management may confer with outside parties, including outside counsel. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue from the sale of products when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, title and risk of loss transfers to the customers, prices are fixed and determinable, and it is reasonably assured the related accounts receivable is collectible. Our sales terms primarily are FOB shipping point. We have some sales terms that are FOB destination. Our products are sold with normal and customary return provisions. Sales discounts are deducted immediately from the sales invoice. Provisions, which are recorded as a reduction of revenue, are made for the estimated cost of rebates, promotional programs and warranties. We defer recognizing revenue if special sales agreements, established at the time of sale, warrant this treatment. Sales Incentives. Sales incentives are reflected as a reduction of net sales. Shipping and Handling Costs. Shipping and handling costs are reflected in cost of goods sold. Advertising Costs. We recognize advertising expenses as they are incurred. 47 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) Research and Development Costs. We recognize research and development costs as they are incurred. Pension and Postretirement Benefits. We have benefit plans that provide for pension, medical and life insurance benefits to certain eligible employees when they retire from active service. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosures on pension and postretirement benefits. Taxes. The provision for income taxes has been determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes to reflect the expected future tax consequences of events recognized in the financial statements. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized by applying enacted tax rates to temporary differences that exist as of the balance sheet date which result from differences in the timing of reported taxable income between tax and financial reporting. We record valuation allowances to reduce our deferred income tax assets if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. For tax benefits that may be challenged by a taxing authority, we make an assessment of whether the position is more likely than not to be sustained upon an examination by the taxing authorities. Based on this analysis, we record the impact of these uncertain tax positions, including penalties and interest in the period in which such determination is made. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are reported on a net basis. Earnings per Common Share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the earnings by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflects the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings. Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and short-term investments that have maturities of three months or less when purchased. Concentration of Credit. We principally sell products to customers in the building products industries in various geographic regions. No one customer accounted for 10% or more of our total consolidated net sales in the years 2011, 2010, and 2009. We monitor the creditworthiness of our customers and generally do not require collateral. Receivables. We sell the vast majority of our products to select, pre-approved customers using customary trade terms that allow for payment in the future. Customer trade receivables, customer notes receivable and miscellaneous receivables (which include supply related rebates and claims to be received, unpaid insurance claims from litigation and other), net of allowances for doubtful accounts, customer credits and warranties are reported in accounts and notes receivable, net. Notes receivable from divesting certain businesses are included in other current assets and other non-current assets based upon the payment terms. Cash flows from the collection of current receivables are classified as operating cash flows on the consolidated statements of cash flows. Cash flows from the collection of non-current receivables are classified as investing cash flows on the consolidated statements of cash flows. We establish credit-worthiness prior to extending credit. We estimate the recoverability of receivables each period. This estimate is based upon triggering events and new information in the period, which can include the review of any available financial statements and forecasts, as well as discussions with legal counsel and the management of the debtor company. As events occur, which impact the collectability of the receivable, all or a portion of the receivable is reserved. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when the potential for recovery is considered remote. We do not have any off-balance- sheet credit exposure related to our customers. Inventories. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Inventories also include certain samples used in ongoing sales and marketing activities. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on our accounting for inventories. 48 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) Property and Depreciation. Depreciation charges for financial reporting purposes are determined on a straight-line basis at rates calculated to provide for the full depreciation of assets at the end of their useful lives. Machinery and equipment includes manufacturing equipment (depreciated over 3 to 15 years), computer equipment (3 to 5 years) and office furniture and equipment (5 to 7 years). Within manufacturing equipment, assets that are subject to quick obsolescence or wear out quickly, such as tooling and engraving equipment, are depreciated over shorter periods (3 to 7 years). Heavy production equipment, such as conveyors and production presses, are depreciated over longer periods (15 years). Buildings are depreciated over 15 to 30 years, depending on factors such as type of construction and use. Computer software is depreciated over 3 to 7 years. Property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment when indicators of impairment are present, such as operating losses and/or negative cash flows. If an indication of impairment exists, we compare the carrying amount of the asset group to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. The estimate of an asset group’s fair value is based on discounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group, or based on management’s estimated exit price assuming the assets could be sold in an orderly transaction between market participants, or estimated salvage value if no sale is assumed. If the fair value is less than the carrying value of the asset group, we record an impairment charge equal to the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the asset group. Impairments of assets related to our manufacturing operations are recorded in cost of goods sold. When assets are disposed of or retired, their costs and related depreciation are removed from the financial statements, and any resulting gains or losses normally are reflected in cost of goods sold or selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses. Asset Retirement Obligations. We recognize the fair value of obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets in the period in which they are incurred. Upon initial recognition of a liability, the discounted cost is capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset and depreciated over the corresponding asset’s useful life. Over time, accretion of the liability is recognized as an operating expense to reflect the change in the liability’s present value. Intangible Assets. We periodically review significant definite-lived intangible assets for impairment when indicators of impairment exist. We review our businesses for indicators of impairment such as operating losses and/or negative cash flows. If an indication of impairment exists, we compare the carrying amount of the asset group to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. The estimate of an asset group’s fair value is based on discounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group, or based on management’s estimated exit price assuming the assets could be sold in an orderly transaction between market participants. If the fair value is less than the carrying value of the asset group, we record an impairment charge equal to the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the asset group. Our indefinite-lived intangibles are primarily trademarks and brand names, which are integral to our corporate identity and expected to contribute indefinitely to our cash flows. Accordingly, they have been assigned an indefinite life. We perform annual impairment tests during the fourth quarter on these indefinite-lived intangibles. These assets undergo more frequent tests if an indication of possible impairment exists. The principal assumptions utilized in our impairment tests for definite-lived intangible assets include operating profit adjusted for depreciation and amortization and discount rate. The principal assumptions utilized in our impairment tests for indefinite-lived intangible assets include revenue growth rate, discount rate and royalty rate. Revenue growth rate and operating profit assumptions are consistent with those utilized in our operating plan and strategic planning processes. The discount rate assumption is calculated based upon an estimated weighted average cost of equity which reflects the overall level of inherent risk and the rate of return a market participant would expect to achieve. Methodologies used for valuing our intangible assets did not change from prior periods. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure on intangible assets. 49 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) Foreign Currency Transactions. Assets and liabilities of our subsidiaries operating outside the United States which account in a functional currency other than U.S. dollars are translated using the period end exchange rate. Revenues and expenses are translated at exchange rates effective during each month. Foreign currency translation gains or losses are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) within shareholders' equity. Gains or losses on foreign currency transactions are recognized through the statement of earnings. Financial Instruments and Derivatives. From time to time, we use derivatives and other financial instruments to offset the effect of currency, interest rate and commodity price variability. See Notes 19 and 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion. Share-based Employee Compensation. For awards with only service and performance conditions that have a graded vesting schedule, we recognize compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for the entire award. For awards with market conditions, we recognize compensation expense over the derived service period. See Note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on share-based employee compensation. Subsequent Events. We have evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and disclosure through the date the consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K were issued. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards During 2010, we adopted guidance which is now part of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”. The guidance requires disclosures of the amounts of assets and liabilities transferred into and out of Levels 1 and 2, along with a description of the reasons for the transfers. The new guidance also requires additional disclosures related to activity presented for Level 3 measurements. These provisions were effective for us as of January 1, 2010 except for the additional disclosures related to activities for Level 3 measurements which were effective for us as of January 1, 2011. There was no impact on our financial statements from the adoption of this guidance. During 2010, we adopted guidance which is now part of ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. The guidance clarifies the scope exception for embedded credit related derivatives. The provisions were effective for us as of January 1, 2011. There was no impact on our financial statements from the adoption of this guidance. During 2010, we adopted guidance which is now part of ASC 310, “Receivables”. The guidance increases the disclosure requirements regarding the credit quality of financing receivables and the allowance for credit losses. Some of the provisions were effective for us as of December 31, 2010 and others were effective January 1, 2011. There was no impact on our financial statements from the adoption of this guidance. In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new guidance that is now part of ASC 350: “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other”. The new guidance permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. Because the objective of this new guidance is to simplify how entities test for goodwill impairment, it did not have a material impact on our financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Standards In June 2011, the FASB issued new guidance that is now part of ASC 220: “Presentation of Comprehensive Income”. The new guidance will require companies to present the components of net income and other comprehensive income either as one continuous statement or as two consecutive statements. It eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholder’s equity. The standard does not change the items which must be reported in other comprehensive income. In November 2011, the FASB decided to defer the effective 50 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) date of those changes that relate to the presentation of reclassification adjustments, but this does not impact the effective date of the other requirements in this guidance. These provisions are to be applied retrospectively and will be effective for us as of January 1, 2012. Because this guidance impacts presentation only, it will have no effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. In December 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-11: “Balance Sheet – Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities” in conjunction with the International Accounting Standards Board’s issuance of amendments to International Financial Reporting Standard (“IFRS”) 7: “Disclosures – Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. The new standard requires disclosures to allow investors to better compare financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP with financial statements prepared under IFRS. The guidance is to be applied retrospectively and will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2013. Since this guidance impacts presentation only, it will have no effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. NOTE 3. NATURE OF OPERATIONS Building Products — produces suspended mineral fiber, soft fiber and metal ceiling systems for use in commercial, institutional and residential settings. In addition, our Building Products segment sources complementary ceiling products. Our products, which are sold worldwide, are available in numerous colors, performance characteristics and designs, and offer attributes such as acoustical control, rated fire protection and aesthetic appeal. Commercial ceiling materials and accessories are sold to ceiling systems contractors and to resale distributors. Residential ceiling products are sold in North America primarily to wholesalers and retailers (including large home centers). Suspension system (grid) products manufactured by Worthington Armstrong Venture (“WAVE”) are sold by both us and WAVE. Resilient Flooring — produces and sources a broad range of floor coverings primarily for homes and commercial and institutional buildings. Manufactured products in this segment include vinyl sheet, vinyl tile and linoleum flooring. In addition, our Resilient Flooring segment sources and sells laminate flooring products, vinyl tile products, vinyl sheet products, adhesives, and installation and maintenance materials and accessories. Resilient Flooring products are offered in a wide variety of types, designs, and colors. We sell these products worldwide to wholesalers, large home centers, retailers, contractors and to the manufactured homes industry. Wood Flooring — produces and sources wood flooring products for use in new residential construction and renovation, with some commercial applications in stores, restaurants and high-end offices. The product offering includes pre-finished solid and engineered wood floors in various wood species, and related accessories. Virtually all of our Wood Flooring sales are in North America. Our Wood Flooring products are generally sold to independent wholesale flooring distributors and large home centers. Cabinets — produces kitchen and bathroom cabinetry and related products, which are used primarily in the U.S. residential new construction and renovation markets. Through our system of Company-owned and independent distribution centers and through direct sales to builders, our Cabinets segment provides design, fabrication and installation services to single and multi-family homebuilders, remodelers and consumers. All of Cabinets’ sales are in the U.S. Unallocated Corporate — includes assets, liabilities, income and expenses that have not been allocated to the business units. Balance sheet items classified as Unallocated Corporate are primarily income tax related accounts, cash and cash equivalents, the Armstrong brand name, the U.S. prepaid pension cost and long-term debt. Expenses for our corporate departments and certain benefit plans are allocated to the reportable segments based on known metrics, such as specific activity, headcount, or net sales. The remaining items, which cannot be attributed to the reportable segments without a high degree of generalization, are reported in Unallocated Corporate. 51 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) For the year ended 2011 Net sales to external customers Equity (earnings) from joint venture Segment operating income (loss) (1) Restructuring charges Segment assets Depreciation and amortization Asset impairments Investment in joint venture Capital additions For the year ended 2010 Net sales to external customers Equity (earnings) from joint venture Segment operating income (loss) (1) Restructuring charges Segment assets Depreciation and amortization Asset impairments Investment in joint venture Capital additions Building Products $ 1,237.5 $ 1,002.3 Resilient Flooring Wood Flooring Cabinets $ 136.4 $ 483.3 (54.9) 226.1 1.5 935.6 57.8 - 141.0 101.5 - 15.8 6.8 575.9 32.3 2.2 - 43.1 - 43.4 (0.2) 329.5 10.5 0.7 - 9.8 - (0.7) - 46.3 2.2 0.4 - 0.5 Building Products $ 1,135.5 $ 1,013.2 Resilient Flooring Wood Flooring Cabinets $ 138.6 $ 479.1 (45.0) 171.0 3.2 931.4 62.5 - 188.6 47.7 - 13.1 13.9 582.6 38.6 2.1 - 24.0 - (45.8) 0.9 340.7 26.4 22.4 - 12.2 - (6.4) - 47.9 2.0 - - 3.0 Building Products $ 1,087.7 $ 1,031.7 Resilient Flooring Wood Flooring Cabinets $ 150.2 $ 510.4 Unallocated Corporate - - (45.4) 0.9 1,107.4 11.0 - - 6.7 Unallocated Corporate - - (50.8) 4.0 1,019.8 13.8 6.1 - 5.8 Unallocated Corporate Total $ 2,859.5 (54.9) 239.2 9.0 2,994.7 113.8 3.3 141.0 161.6 Total $ 2,766.4 (45.0) 81.1 22.0 2,922.4 143.3 30.6 188.6 92.7 For the year ended 2009 Net sales to external customers Equity (earnings) from joint venture Segment operating income (loss) (1) Segment assets Depreciation and amortization Asset impairments Investment in joint venture Capital additions (1) - 0.1 645.2 45.2 3.0 0.1 50.5 Segment operating income (loss) is the measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by the chief operating decision maker. The sum of the Total $ 2,780.0 (40.0) 90.6 3,302.6 146.8 21.0 194.6 105.1 - - (41.2) 1,227.9 18.0 - - 10.0 (40.0) 155.9 966.0 61.5 - 194.5 31.8 - (18.3) 53.2 7.2 - - 2.5 - (5.9) 410.3 14.9 18.0 - 10.3 segments’ operating income (loss) equals the total consolidated operating income as reported on our income statement. The following reconciles our total consolidated operating income to earnings before income taxes. These items are only measured and managed on a consolidated basis: Segment operating income Interest expense Other non-operating expense Other non-operating (income) Earnings before income taxes 2011 $ 239.2 48.5 1.4 (3.8) $ 193.1 2010 $ 81.1 21.2 1.2 (8.0) $ 66.7 2009 $ 90.6 17.7 0.9 (3.2) $ 75.2 Accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. 52 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) The sales in the table below are allocated to geographic areas based upon the location of the customer. Geographic Areas Net trade sales Americas: United States Canada Other Americas Total Americas Europe: Germany United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Pacific Rim: Australia China Other Pacific Rim Total Pacific Rim 2011 2010 2009 $ 1,798.1 179.6 42.9 $ 2,020.6 $ 1,742.4 179.4 39.5 $ 1,961.3 $ 1,810.5 152.0 30.1 $ 1,992.6 $ 147.8 85.6 317.0 $ 550.4 $ 86.1 73.6 128.8 $ 288.5 $ 146.3 79.9 334.0 $ 560.2 $ 85.3 57.1 102.5 $ 244.9 $ 154.7 94.1 347.3 $ 596.1 $ 63.4 47.2 80.7 $ 191.3 Total net trade sales $ 2,859.5 $ 2,766.4 $ 2,780.0 Property, plant and equipment, net at December 31 Americas: United States Other Americas Total Americas Europe: Germany Other Europe Total Europe Pacific Rim: China Other Pacific Rim Total Pacific Rim 2011 2010 $ 656.3 1.9 $ 658.2 $ 635.7 6.0 $ 641.7 $ 113.7 43.1 $ 156.8 $ 115.2 44.3 $ 159.5 $ 58.3 29.6 $ 87.9 $ 28.4 25.3 $ 53.7 Total property, plant and equipment, net $ 902.9 $ 854.9 Impairment testing of our tangible assets occurs whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. During the third quarter of 2011, we recorded an asset impairment charge of $2.2 million in selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense for a European Resilient Flooring office building. The fair value was determined by management estimates of market prices based upon information available, including offers received from potential buyers of the property (considered Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy as described in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). During the fourth quarter of 2011, we recorded asset impairment charges of $1.1 million in SG&A expense for two previously occupied manufacturing facilities. We have been actively pursuing a sale of 53 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) both facilities. The fair values were determined by management estimates and independent market valuations based on information available at that time. The valuation information included sales of similar facilities and estimates of market prices (considered Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy) for these assets. The Wood Flooring business recorded operating losses in 2010 and 2009 primarily due to non-cash impairment charges of $22.4 million and $18.0 million, respectively. The 2010 operating loss also included restructuring charges. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on our restructuring charges. The Wood Flooring business had positive cash flows for both 2011 and 2010. There were no indicators of impairment for the tangible assets of the Wood Flooring business in 2011 and 2010. During 2010, management decided to exit our corporate flight operations. As a result, we recorded a $6.1 million impairment charge in SG&A expense. The fair value was determined by management estimates and an independent valuation based on information available at that time. The valuation information included sales of similar equipment and estimates of market prices (considered Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy) for these assets. We sold the corporate aircraft in the fourth quarter of 2010. During the first quarter of 2010, we announced that one of our European metal ceilings manufacturing facilities would be shut down, which prompted us to perform an impairment test for this asset group. The carrying amount of the tangible assets was determined to be recoverable as the projected undiscounted cash flows exceeded the carrying value. We sold the facility in the third quarter of 2010. During the second quarter of 2010, we recorded an asset impairment charge of $2.1 million in SG&A expense for a European Resilient Flooring warehouse facility due to the decline in the commercial property sector. The fair value was determined by management estimates of market prices available at that time. This data included sales and leases of comparable properties within similar real estate markets (considered Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy). We sold the warehouse in the first quarter of 2011. During the third quarter of 2010, we decided to close a ceilings plant, one of our previously idled Wood Flooring plants, portions of another previously idled Wood Flooring plant, and a Resilient Flooring facility. These facilities were shut down in 2010 or 2011. We concluded that an indicator of impairment existed for these asset groups, which prompted us to perform impairment analyses for these asset groups. In each case the carrying amount of the tangible assets was determined to be recoverable as the projected undiscounted cash flows, or estimated fair value of the assets, exceeded the carrying value. In the third quarter of 2010, we announced our intention to exit the residential flooring business in Europe. We concluded that an indicator of impairment existed which prompted us to perform an impairment analysis. The carrying amount of the tangible assets was determined to be recoverable as the estimated fair value of the assets exceeded the carrying value. We sold the assets related to this business during the fourth quarter of 2010. The Cabinets business incurred operating losses beginning in 2008 and continuing through 2011. In 2009, 2010 and 2011 the carrying amount of the tangible assets was determined to be recoverable as the projected undiscounted cash flows exceeded the carrying value. NOTE 4 ACQUISITIONS In the fourth quarter of 2011, we acquired Canada-based Intalite, Inc., which operated under the name Simplex, for $4.2 million. The acquisition, which was financed from existing cash balances, expands our technical capabilities, broadens our specialty ceilings portfolio and improves our service and lead times for customers in North America. The acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, and the allocation of the purchase price to the fair value of assets acquired has been substantially completed. 54 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) As of December 31, 2009, we owned 80% of our Shanghai ceiling operations. During the fourth quarter of 2009, we made deposits of $3.3 million to initiate the purchase of the remaining 20% interest. During the first quarter of 2010, we completed the acquisition with additional cash payments of $7.8 million. We recorded the difference between the purchase price and the net book value of the net equity acquired within capital in excess of par value. NOTE 5. DIVESTITURES In the fourth quarter of 2010, the sale of our European metal ceilings contract installation business resulted in a loss of $5.8 million which was recorded in SG&A expenses. NOTE 6. ACCOUNTS AND NOTES RECEIVABLE Customer receivables Customer notes Miscellaneous receivables Less allowance for warranties, discounts and losses Accounts and notes receivable, net December 31, 2011 $ 263.3 1.7 7.9 (40.4) $ 232.5 December 31, 2010 $ 265.1 2.0 5.5 (43.1) $ 229.5 Generally, we sell our products to select, pre-approved customers whose businesses are affected by changes in economic and market conditions. We consider these factors and the financial condition of each customer when establishing our allowance for losses from doubtful accounts. NOTE 7. INVENTORIES Finished goods Goods in process Raw materials and supplies Less LIFO and other reserves Total inventories, net December 31, 2011 $ 271.5 25.7 118.1 (26.4) $ 388.9 December 31, 2010 $ 277.7 26.7 119.9 (25.8) $ 398.5 Approximately 63% and 65% of our total inventory in 2011 and 2010, respectively, was valued on a LIFO (last-in, first-out) basis. Inventory values were lower than would have been reported on a total FIFO (first- in, first-out) basis by $15.6 million and $17.1 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively. 55 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) The distinction between the use of different methods of inventory valuation is primarily based on geographical locations and/or legal entities rather than types of inventory. The following table summarizes the amount of inventory that is not accounted for under the LIFO method. International locations Cabinets Wood flooring Resilient flooring U.S. sourced products Total December 31, 2011 $ 126.2 12.8 - - 3.1 $ 142.1 December 31, 2010 $ 124.3 10.0 0.3 1.3 3.7 $ 139.6 Substantially all of our international locations use the FIFO method of inventory valuation (or other methods which closely approximate the FIFO method) primarily because either the LIFO method is not permitted for local tax and/or statutory reporting purposes, or the entities were part of various acquisitions that had adopted the FIFO method prior to our acquisition. In these situations, a conversion to LIFO would be highly complex and involve excessive cost and effort to achieve under local tax and/or statutory reporting requirements. The sourced products represent certain finished goods sourced from third party manufacturers, primarily from foreign suppliers. NOTE 8. OTHER CURRENT ASSETS Prepaid expenses Assets held for sale Fair value of derivative assets Other Total other current assets December 31, 2011 $ 27.7 6.2 2.4 2.3 $ 38.6 December 31, 2010 $ 28.7 2.5 - 4.1 $ 35.3 NOTE 9. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Land Buildings Machinery and equipment Computer software Construction in progress Less accumulated depreciation and amortization Net property, plant and equipment December 31, 2011 $ 112.2 302.4 838.9 20.7 135.1 (506.4) $ 902.9 December 31, 2010 $ 119.9 298.4 827.0 32.2 60.2 (482.8) $ 854.9 In 2011 and 2010, our Board of Directors approved the construction of a U.S. mineral wool plant to supply our Building Products plants, the allocation of capital to double our Building Products production capacity in China, and the construction of two flooring plants in China. Total capital spending for these projects is currently projected to be approximately $200 million. Through December 31, 2011, we have incurred approximately $72 million related to these projects with most of the remaining spending to occur in 2012. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of policies related to property and depreciation and asset retirement obligations. 56 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) NOTE 10. EQUITY INVESTMENTS Investment in joint venture at December 31, 2011 reflected the equity interest in our 50% investment in our Worthington Armstrong Venture (“WAVE”) joint venture. We use the equity in earnings method to determine the appropriate classification of distributions from WAVE within our cash flow statement. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, WAVE distributed amounts in excess of our capital contributions and proportionate share of retained earnings. Accordingly, the distributions in these years were reflected as a return of investment in cash flows from investing activity in our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Distributions from WAVE in 2011, 2010 and 2009 were $102.4 million (including a special distribution of $50.1 million in December 2011), $51.0 million, and $53.5 million, respectively. We account for our WAVE joint venture using the equity method of accounting. Our recorded investment in WAVE was higher than our 50% share of the carrying values reported in WAVE’s consolidated financial statements by $194.7 million as of December 31, 2011 and $200.6 million as of December 31, 2010. These differences are due to our adoption of fresh-start reporting upon emergence from Chapter 11, while WAVE’s consolidated financial statements do not reflect fresh-start reporting. The differences are comprised of the following fair value adjustments to assets: Property, plant and equipment Other intangibles Goodwill Total December 31, 2011 $ 1.0 163.3 30.4 $ 194.7 December 31, 2010 $ 1.4 168.7 30.5 $ 200.6 Other intangibles include customer relationships, trademarks and developed technology. Customer relationships are amortized over 20 years and developed technology is amortized over 15 years. Trademarks have an indefinite life. See Exhibit 99.1 for WAVE’s consolidated financial statements. Condensed financial data for WAVE is summarized below: Current assets Non-current assets Current liabilities Other non-current liabilities Net sales Gross profit Net earnings December 31, 2011 $ 115.0 36.2 23.8 242.0 December 31, 2010 $ 112.5 35.7 22.1 154.6 2011 $ 367.2 155.7 123.7 2010 $ 332.2 137.5 105.8 2009 $ 307.9 118.9 92.8 See discussion in Note 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on this related party. NOTE 11. INTANGIBLE ASSETS During the fourth quarters of 2011, 2010, and 2009, we conducted our annual impairment testing of non- amortizable intangible assets. In 2010 and 2009, our impairment analysis determined that the carrying value of our Wood Flooring trademarks was in excess of the fair value. We determined the fair value of these intangible assets by utilizing relief from royalty analysis that incorporated projections of revenue and cash flows. The initial fair value for these intangible assets was determined in 2006 as part of fresh 57 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) start reporting. The fair values were negatively affected by lower expected future sales in the U.S. residential housing market. Based on the result of the analysis, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $22.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2010, and $18.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2009. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of our accounting policy for intangible assets. Further adjustments were made to the carrying value of intangibles during the fourth quarters of 2010 and 2009. These adjustments were primarily tax-related and due to the purchase of land use rights in China. The following table details amounts related to our intangible assets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010: December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 Amortizing intangible assets Customer relationships Developed technology Other Total Estimated Useful Life 20 years 15 years Various Gross Carrying Amount $ 170.7 81.1 14.6 $ 266.4 Accumulated Amortization $ 44.8 28.3 1.0 $ 74.1 Non-amortizing intangible assets Trademarks and brand names Indefinite 352.8 Total other intangible assets $ 619.2 Amortization Intangible asset impairment Total amortization expense and impairment charges 2011 $ 14.2 - $ 14.2 Gross Carrying Amount $ 170.7 80.8 11.8 $ 263.3 352.7 $ 616.0 2010 $ 14.2 22.4 $ 36.6 Accumulated Amortization $ 36.3 22.9 0.7 $ 59.9 2009 $ 14.2 18.0 $ 32.2 The annual amortization expense expected for the years 2012 through 2016 is $14.2 million in each year. NOTE 12. OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS Cash surrender value of Company owned life insurance policies Debt financing costs Other Total other non-current assets December 31, 2011 $ 52.6 21.3 16.6 $ 90.5 December 31, 2010 $ 61.5 19.5 15.4 $ 96.4 58 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) NOTE 13. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES Payables, trade and other Employment costs Restructuring accruals Other Total accounts payable and accrued expenses December 31, 2011 $ 213.5 93.4 3.8 48.9 $ 359.6 December 31, 2010 $ 169.5 109.9 14.5 46.4 $ 340.3 NOTE 14. SEVERANCE AND RELATED COSTS See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of severance charges associated with restructuring actions. In the first quarter of 2011, we recorded $3.0 million in cost of goods sold for severance and related costs to reflect position eliminations in our European Resilient Flooring business as a result of improved manufacturing productivity. In addition, we recorded $0.5 million in SG&A expense for severance and related costs to reflect the separation costs for our former Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary. In 2010, we recorded $11.2 million in SG&A expense for severance and related costs to reflect the separation costs for our former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. In accordance with the separation agreement, payment was made in the third quarter of 2010. During 2010, we announced the shutdown of finished goods production at two Wood Flooring plants, the restarting of certain operations at a previously idled Wood Flooring plant, the closure of a European metal ceilings manufacturing facility and a crew reduction in a European Building Products plant. We recorded $5.7 million of severance and related expenses in 2010 for approximately 500 employees affected by these actions. The charges were recorded in cost of goods sold. In addition to the charges described above, in 2010 we also recorded $7.5 million of severance and related expenses for employees affected by the elimination of approximately 220 other manufacturing and SG&A positions around the world. The charges were recorded in SG&A expense ($5.6 million) and cost of goods sold ($1.9 million). In 2009, we recorded $17.5 million of severance and related expenses, primarily to reflect the separation costs for approximately 1,000 employees, including executives and employees affected by the cessation of production at four manufacturing facilities. The charges were recorded in SG&A expenses ($10.5 million) and cost of goods sold ($7.0 million). 59 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) NOTE 15. RESTRUCTURING ACTIONS During the third quarter of 2010, management made several significant decisions to address our cost structure. Given the materiality to our financial statements and impact to our operations, we decided to classify charges related to these actions as restructuring charges. The following table summarizes the restructuring charges recorded in 2011 and 2010: Action Title Floor Products Europe 2011 $ 6.4 2010 $ 11.8 Segment Resilient Flooring North America SG&A Beaver Falls plant Montreal Wood products Total 1.4 1.4 - (0.2) $ 9.0 5.8 2.3 1.2 0.9 $ 22.0 Unallocated Corporate, Resilient Flooring, Building Products Building Products Resilient Flooring Wood Flooring Floor Products Europe: In the third quarter of 2010, we announced our intent to focus our European flooring strategy on products and regions in which we believe we can be a market leader, and to streamline our product range and sales organization accordingly. During the fourth quarter of 2010, we withdrew from the residential market and, as a result, we sold our Teesside, UK manufacturing facility. In addition, we ceased production at our heterogeneous vinyl flooring plant in Holmsund, Sweden, during the second quarter of 2011. In addition to the restructuring costs reflected in the above table, we recorded $6.7 million in 2011 of other related costs in cost of goods sold ($5.2 million) and SG&A expense ($1.5 million). We also recorded other related costs of $3.5 million in cost of goods sold and $1.5 million in SG&A in 2010. Other related costs are primarily related to inventory and samples obsolescence, accelerated depreciation and plant closure costs. Through December 31, 2011, we have incurred expense of $29.9 million related to this initiative. We do not expect to incur further restructuring costs related to this initiative. North America SG&A: We are committed to augmenting margin expansion through the aggressive adoption of projects to standardize, simplify or eliminate SG&A activities. As a result, in the third quarter of 2010, we began to restructure our North American SG&A operations. The 2011 restructuring expense related to this initiative was recorded in the Unallocated Corporate ($0.9 million), Resilient Flooring ($0.4 million) and Building Products ($0.1 million) segments. The 2010 restructuring expense related to this initiative was recorded in the Unallocated Corporate ($4.0 million), Resilient Flooring ($0.9 million) and Building Products ($0.9 million) segments. Through December 31, 2011, we have incurred restructuring expense of $7.2 million related to this initiative. In total, we expect to incur restructuring expenses of up to $8 million through 2012 as we further streamline North American SG&A functions. Beaver Falls Plant: In the third quarter of 2010, we announced that the Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, plant was scheduled to close in 2011. Production at the facility ended March 31, 2011, and production requirements have been transitioned to other facilities. The decision to close the plant was driven by the location and layout of the plant, technology limitations and the continued limited demand for the products we made at the plant. In addition to the restructuring costs reflected in the table above, we also recorded $6.6 million of accelerated depreciation and $4.8 million of closure-related costs in 2011 in cost of goods sold. We also recorded $10.0 million of accelerated depreciation in cost of goods sold in 2010. 60 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) Through December 31, 2011, we have incurred expense of $25.1 million related to this initiative. We do not expect to incur additional costs in the future as the plant was sold in 2011. The sale resulted in a net gain of $0.7 million which was recorded in SG&A. Montreal: In the third quarter of 2010, we announced the closing of our warehouse and previously idled plant in Montreal, Canada. The facility closed in the fourth quarter of 2010. The decision to close this facility was driven by the expectation that we will be able to service the demand for our resilient tile products from our other manufacturing locations. In addition to the restructuring costs reflected in the previous table, we also recorded $6.5 million of fixed asset write-downs in cost of goods sold. We do not expect to incur further restructuring costs related to this initiative. Wood Products: In the third quarter of 2010, we announced the closing of our previously idled Center, Texas plant and a portion of our previously idled Oneida, Tennessee plant. Operations at Center and the strip mill operations at Oneida ceased in the fourth quarter of 2010. The decision to close these facilities was driven by the expectation that we will be able to service the demand for our wood products from our other manufacturing locations. In addition to the restructuring costs reflected in the previous table, we also recorded $14.9 million of fixed asset write-downs and lease termination costs in cost of goods sold in 2010. We do not expect to incur further restructuring costs related to these locations. The following table summarizes activity in the restructuring accruals. Severance and Related Costs Floor Products Europe - $ 11.8 (5.7) $ 6.1 6.4 (9.6) 0.3 $ 3.2 North America SG&A - $ 5.8 (1.1) $ 4.7 1.4 (5.6) - $ 0.5 Beaver Falls Plant - $ 2.3 (0.4) $ 1.9 1.4 (3.2) - $ 0.1 Montreal - $ 1.2 - $ 1.2 - (1.2) - - Wood Products - $ 0.9 (0.3) $ 0.6 (0.2) (0.4) - - Total - $ 22.0 (7.5) $ 14.5 9.0 (20.0) 0.3 $ 3.8 December 31, 2009 Net charges Cash payments December 31, 2010 Net charges Cash payments Other December 31, 2011 The amounts in “Other” are related to the effects of foreign currency translation. Most of the accrual balance as of December 31, 2011 is expected to be paid by June 30, 2012. NOTE 16. INCOME TAXES The tax effects of principal temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases are summarized in the following table. Management believes it is more likely than not that results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances, including the remaining federal net operating losses of $88.2 million principally resulting from payments to the Asbestos PI Trust in 2006 under the POR that may be carried forward for the remaining 16 years. In arriving at this conclusion, we considered the profit before tax generated for the years 1996 through 2011, as well as future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and projections of future profit before tax. 61 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) We have provided valuation allowances for certain deferred state and foreign income tax assets, foreign tax credits and other basis adjustments of $194.9 million. We have $1,301.3 million of state net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards with expirations between 2012 and 2031. In addition, we have $530.4 million of foreign NOL carryforwards, of which $498.9 million are available for carryforward indefinitely and $31.5 million expire between 2012 and 2020. In 2011, we recorded an increase in foreign tax credits of $30.4 million for a total foreign tax credit carryforward of $118.2 million, which expires between 2012 and 2021. We also have alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards of $17.0 million which are available to reduce future federal income taxes. Our valuation allowances increased from 2010 by a net amount of $26.8 million. This includes a net increase of $13.2 million for foreign tax credits, a net decrease for certain deferred state income tax assets of $1.5 million, and a net increase for foreign tax loss carryforwards of $7.8 million. The valuation allowance for foreign tax credits increased by $15.7 million related to the additional foreign tax credits and decreased by $1.5 million for carryforward expirations and the release of $1 million due to projected utilization. The decrease in the valuation allowance for certain deferred state income tax assets of $1.5 million was primarily due to an increase in the amount of future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences. The increase in the valuation allowance for foreign tax loss carryforwards was primarily due to additional unbenefitted losses partially offset by a partial release due to generation of current year income and carryforward expirations. We estimate we will need to generate future taxable income of approximately $426 million for federal income tax purposes and $1,102.4 million for state income tax purposes during the respective realization periods in order to fully realize the net deferred income tax assets discussed above. Deferred income tax assets (liabilities) Postretirement benefits Pension benefit liabilities Net operating losses Foreign tax credit carryforwards Capital losses Other Total deferred income tax assets Valuation allowances Net deferred income tax assets Intangibles Accumulated depreciation Prepaid pension costs Tax on unremitted earnings Inventories Other Total deferred income tax liabilities Net deferred income tax assets Deferred income taxes have been classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as: Deferred income tax assets – current Deferred income tax assets – noncurrent Deferred income tax liabilities – current Deferred income tax liabilities – noncurrent Net deferred income tax assets 62 December 31, 2011 $ 116.3 17.8 247.8 118.2 5.3 90.2 595.6 (194.9) 400.7 (253.4) (86.6) (4.8) - (21.9) (5.7) (372.4) $ 28.3 $ 45.3 46.4 (2.4) (61.0) $ 28.3 December 31, 2010 $ 122.4 14.4 375.7 97.3 4.4 89.6 703.8 (168.1) 535.7 (259.9) (82.5) (32.0) (98.5) (20.4) (3.0) (496.3) $ 39.4 $ 20.9 45.0 (2.4) (24.1) $ 39.4 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) Details of taxes Earnings (loss) before income taxes: Domestic Foreign Eliminations of dividends from foreign subsidiaries Total Income tax provision (benefit): Current: Federal Foreign State Total current Deferred: Federal Foreign State Total deferred Total income tax expense (benefit) 2011 2010 2009 $ 220.5 (3.9) (23.5) $ 193.1 $3.1 16.7 2.7 22.5 54.7 (1.6) 5.1 58.2 $ 80.7 $ 229.9 (17.1) (146.1) $ 66.7 $ 24.0 10.5 (0.1) 34.4 22.5 (3.0) 1.8 21.3 $ 55.7 $ 75.5 (0.3) - $ 75.2 $ (153.4) 13.9 1.4 (138.1) 134.9 - 0.7 135.6 $ (2.5) During 2011, we reevaluated our position with regards to foreign unremitted earnings, as part of this review it was determined that unremitted earnings would be permanently reinvested. Accordingly, at December 31, 2011, we had book basis (including unremitted earnings) in excess of tax basis in the shares of certain foreign subsidiaries for which no deferred income taxes have been provided. This basis difference could reverse through a sale of the subsidiaries, the receipt of dividends from the subsidiaries, or various other events. It is not practical to calculate the residual income tax which would result if these basis differences reversed due to the complexities of the tax law and the hypothetical nature of the calculations. Reconciliation to U.S. statutory tax rate Continuing operations tax at statutory rate State income tax expense, net of federal benefit (Decrease)/increase in valuation allowances on deferred domestic income tax assets Increases in valuation allowances on deferred foreign income tax assets Tax on foreign and foreign-source income Permanent book/tax differences Impact of health care reform legislation on Medicare Part D subsidy IRS audit settlement Recharacterization of stock loss Net benefit due to increase in foreign tax credits Other Tax on unremitted earnings Tax expense (benefit) at effective rate 2011 $ 67.6 7.7 (0.8) 14.7 (2.8) 0.6 - - - (6.6) 0.3 - $ 80.7 2010 $ 23.3 1.5 (2.2) 14.9 (4.4) 1.2 22.0 - - - - (0.6) $ 55.7 2009 $ 26.3 2.2 (32.1) 17.3 (3.7) 4.7 - (12.9) (7.6) - - 3.3 $ (2.5) During 2010 and 2011, we recorded $169.6 million of dividends related to foreign earnings. The receipt of the foreign dividends provided an opportunity to elect to credit foreign taxes that were previously deducted. A tax benefit of $5.4 million was recorded to reflect the net impact of the foreign tax credit over the tax deduction. 63 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) During March 2010, President Obama signed into law comprehensive health care reform legislation under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (together, the “Act”). The federal government currently provides a partial subsidy, on a tax-free basis, to companies that provide certain retiree prescription drug benefits (the “Medicare Part D subsidy”). The Act reduces the tax deductibility of retiree health care costs to the extent of any Medicare Part D subsidy received beginning in 2013. As a result of this change in tax treatment, a non-cash income tax charge of approximately $22 million was recorded in the first quarter of 2010. We also recorded a decrease of $16.1 million to noncurrent deferred income tax assets and accumulated other comprehensive income that was related to an adjustment to the non-subsidized portion of our postretirement benefit liabilities. In 2007, we received federal tax refunds of $178.7 million, subject to further IRS examination, resulting from the carryback of a portion of NOL’s created by the funding of the Asbestos PI Trust in October 2006. During the third quarter of 2009, the IRS completed its audit of our tax refund claims and final approval had been received from the Joint Committee on Taxations of the U.S. Congress. Following resolution of the exam, we recognized a net $10 million benefit for the settlement of previously unrecognized tax positions, primarily accrued interest for refunds from NOL carryback claims. The settlement of the NOL carryover removed uncertainty regarding our ability to realize foreign tax credits related to unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries that were not considered to be permanently reinvested. Therefore in the third quarter of 2009, the valuation allowance for foreign tax credits was reduced by $31.3 million. We have $127.2 million of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (“UTB”) as of December 31, 2011, $84.4 million ($82.7 million, net of federal benefit) of this amount, if recognized in future periods, would impact the reported effective tax rate. It is reasonably possible that certain UTB’s may increase or decrease within the next twelve months due to tax examination changes, settlement activities, expirations of statute of limitations, or the impact on recognition and measurement considerations related to the results of published tax cases or other similar activities. Over the next twelve months, we estimate that UTB’s may decrease by $0.5 million due to statutes expiring and increase by $2.4 million due to uncertain tax positions expected to be taken on tax returns. We account for all interest and penalties on uncertain income tax positions as income tax expense. We reported $1.9 million of interest and penalty exposure as accrued income tax in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2011. We conduct business globally, and as a result, we file income tax returns in the U.S., various states and international jurisdictions. In the normal course of business we are subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world in such major jurisdictions as Australia, Canada, Germany, India, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States. Generally, we have open tax years subject to tax audit on average of between three years and six years. We have not significantly extended any open statutes of limitation for any major jurisdiction and have reviewed and accrued for, where necessary, tax liabilities for open periods. All tax years prior to 2007 have been settled with the IRS. With few exceptions, the statute of limitations is no longer open for U.S. federal or non-U.S. income tax examinations for the years before 2004. The tax years 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 are subject to future potential tax adjustments. We have been notified of an upcoming U.S. tax examination for 2009. 64 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) We had the following activity for UTB’s for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009: Unrecognized tax benefits balance at January 1 Gross change for current year positions Increases for prior period positions Decrease for prior period positions Decrease due to settlements and payments Decrease due to statute expirations Unrecognized tax benefits balance at December 31 2011 2010 2009 $ 126.3 4.1 1.4 (3.9) - (0.7) $ 57.5 71.5 2.5 (2.4) (1.8) (1.0) $ 174.4 6.1 29.1 (149.8) (1.9) (0.4) $ 127.2 $ 126.3 $57.5 Other taxes Payroll taxes Property, franchise and capital stock taxes 2011 $ 61.4 12.9 2010 $ 64.3 14.4 2009 $ 64.7 16.0 NOTE 17. DEBT Term loan A due 2015 Term loan B due 2018 Revolver due 2015 Other Tax exempt bonds due 2025 - 2041 Subtotal Less current portion and short-term debt Total long-term debt, less current portion December 31, 2011 $ 250.0 545.9 - 2.1 45.0 843.0 20.1 $ 822.9 Average year-end interest rate 3.30% 4.25% - 1.98% 0.99% 3.79% 3.42% 3.80% December 31, 2010 $ 250.0 550.0 25.0 4.9 45.0 874.9 35.3 $ 839.6 Average year-end interest rate 3.28% 5.00% 5.25% 3.85% 2.00% 4.36% 5.02% 4.33% On November 23, 2010, we refinanced our $1.1 billion credit facility and executed a $1.05 billion senior credit facility arranged by Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc., and Barclays Capital. This facility consists of a $250 million revolving credit facility (with a $150 million sublimit for letters of credit), a $250 million Term Loan A and a $550 million Term Loan B. This $1.05 billion senior credit facility is secured by U.S. personal property, the capital stock of material U.S. subsidiaries, and a pledge of 65% of the stock of our material first tier foreign subsidiaries. In 2010, in connection with the refinancing, we repaid amounts owed under the previous credit facility and wrote off $3.8 million of unamortized debt financing costs related to our previous credit facility to interest expense. On March 10, 2011, we amended our $1.05 billion senior credit facility. The amended terms of Term Loan B resulted in a lower LIBOR floor (1.0% vs. 1.5%) and interest rate spread (3.0% vs. 3.5%). We also extended its maturity from May 2017 to March 2018. All other terms, conditions and covenants were unchanged from the November 23, 2010 agreement. In connection with the amendment to Term Loan B, we paid a $5.5 million prepayment premium (representing one percent of the principal amount of Term Loan B). The premium was capitalized and is being amortized into interest expense over the life of the loan. Additionally, we paid approximately $1.6 million of fees to third parties (banks, attorneys, etc.), which is reflected in interest expense. The senior credit facility includes two financial covenants which require the ratio of consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) to consolidated cash interest expense minus cash consolidated interest income (“consolidated interest coverage ratio”) to be greater than or equal to 3.0 to 1.0 and require the ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness minus AWI and domestic 65 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) subsidiary unrestricted cash and cash equivalents up to $100 million to consolidated EBITDA (“consolidated leverage ratio”) to be less than or equal to 4.5 to 1.0 through June 30, 2012, 4.0 to 1.0 after June 30, 2012 through September 30, 2013 and 3.75 to 1.0 after September 30, 2013. Our debt agreements include other restrictions, including restrictions pertaining to the acquisition of additional debt, the redemption, repurchase or retirement of our capital stock, payment of dividends, and certain financial transactions as it relates to specified assets. As of December 31, 2011 we were in compliance with these covenants. We believe that default under these covenants is unlikely. Fully borrowing under our revolving credit facility would not violate these covenants. The Revolving Credit and Term Loan A portions are currently priced at a spread of 3.00% over LIBOR and the Term Loan B portion is priced at 3.00% over LIBOR with a 1.00% LIBOR floor for its entire term. The Term Loan A and Term Loan B were both fully drawn and are currently priced on a variable interest rate basis. The unpaid balances of Term Loan A ($250 million), Revolving Credit ($0 million) and Term Loan B ($545.9 million) of the credit facility may be prepaid without penalty at the maturity of their respective interest reset periods. Any amounts prepaid on the Term Loan A or Term Loan B may not be re-borrowed. Mandatory prepayments are required under the senior credit facility pursuant to an annual leverage test starting with the year ending December 31, 2011 under which, if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than 2.0 to1.0 but less than 2.5 to 1.0, we would be required to make a prepayment of 25% of fiscal year Consolidated Excess Cash Flow as defined by the credit agreement. If our Consolidated Leverage Ratio is greater than 2.5 to 1.0, the prepayment amount would be 50% of fiscal year Consolidated Excess Cash Flow. As of December 31, 2011, we were not required to make a mandatory prepayment on our loan obligations. On December 10, 2010 we entered into a $100 million Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility with financial institutions (the “funding entities”) with a three year term. Under this agreement Armstrong World Industries and Armstrong Hardwood Flooring Company (the Originators) sell their accounts receivables to Armstrong Receivables Company, LLC (“ARC”), a Delaware entity that is consolidated in these financial statements. ARC is a 100% wholly owned single member LLC special purpose entity created specifically for this transaction, therefore any receivables sold to ARC are not available to the general creditors of AWI. ARC then sells an undivided interest in the purchased accounts receivables to the funding entities. This undivided interest acts as collateral for drawings on the facility. Any borrowings under this facility are obligations of ARC and not AWI. ARC contracts with and pays a servicing fee to Armstrong World Industries to manage, collect and service the purchased accounts receivables. All new receivables under the program generated by the originators are continuously purchased by ARC with the proceeds from collections of receivables previously purchased. Ongoing changes in the amount of funding under the program, through changes in the amount of undivided interests sold by ARC, reflect seasonal variations in the level of accounts receivable, changes in collection trends and other factors such as changes in sales prices and volumes. ARC has issued subordinated notes payable to the originators for the difference between the face amount of uncollected accounts receivable purchased, less a discount, and cash paid to the originators that was funded by the sale of the undivided interests. The subordinated notes issued by ARC are subordinated to the undivided interests of the funding entities in the purchased receivables. The balance of the subordinated notes payable, which are eliminated in consolidation, totaled $98.3 million and $97.5 million as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. As of December 31, 2011 we had no borrowings under this facility but had $50.6 million of letters of credit issued under the facility. In December 2011, this facility was assigned to the Bank of Nova Scotia and extended to 2014. On December 16, 2010 we issued $35.0 million of Recovery Zone Facility bonds through Jackson County, West Virginia to finance the construction of our new mineral wool plant. These tax exempt bonds are seven day variable rate demand notes backed by a letter of credit. These bonds mature in 2041. 66 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) Approximately $2.1 million of the remaining outstanding debt as of December 31, 2011 was secured with buildings and other assets. The credit lines at our foreign subsidiaries are subject to immaterial annual commitment fees. Scheduled payments of long-term debt: 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 and later $ 18.1 $ 30.5 $ 43.0 $ 180.5 $ 5.5 $ 563.4 We utilize lines of credit and other commercial commitments in order to ensure that adequate funds are available to meet operating requirements. On December 31, 2011, we had a $250 million revolving credit facility with a $150 million sublimit for letters of credit, of which $19.4 million was outstanding. There were no borrowings under the revolving credit facility. Availability under this facility totaled $230.6 million as of December 31, 2011. We also have the $100 million securitization facility which as of December 31, 2011 had letters of credit outstanding of $50.6 million and no borrowings against it. Maximum capacity under this facility was $57.2 million (of which $6.6 million was available), subject to accounts receivable balances and other collateral adjustments, as of December 31, 2011. As of December 31, 2011, our foreign subsidiaries had available lines of credit totaling $24.0 million of which $2.4 million was available only for letters of credit and guarantees. There were $0.9 million of letters of credit and guarantees issued under these credit lines as of December 31, 2011, leaving an additional letter of credit availability of $1.5 million. There were no borrowings under these lines of credit as of December 31, 2011 leaving $21.6 million of unused lines of credit available for foreign borrowings. On December 31, 2011, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $70.5 million, of which $19.4 million was issued under the revolving credit facility, $50.6 million was issued under the securitization facility and $0.5 million of international subsidiary letters of credit were issued by other banks. Letters of credit are issued to third party suppliers, insurance and financial institutions and typically can only be drawn upon in the event of AWI’s failure to pay its obligations to the beneficiary. NOTE 18. PENSION AND OTHER BENEFIT PROGRAMS We have defined benefit pension plans and postretirement medical and insurance benefit plans covering eligible employees worldwide. We also have defined-contribution pension plans for eligible employees. Benefits from defined benefit pension plans, which cover most employees worldwide, are based primarily on an employee's compensation and years of service. We fund our pension plans when appropriate. We fund postretirement benefits on a pay-as-you-go basis, with the retiree paying a portion of the cost for health care benefits by means of deductibles and contributions. UNITED STATES PLANS The following tables summarize the balance sheet impact of the pension and postretirement benefit plans, as well as the related benefit obligations, assets, funded status and rate assumptions. The pension benefits disclosures include both the qualified, funded Retirement Income Plan (RIP) and the Retirement Benefit Equity Plan, which is a nonqualified, unfunded plan designed to provide pension benefits in excess of the limits defined under Sections 415 and 401(a)(17) of the Internal Revenue Code. 67 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) We use a December 31 measurement date for our U.S. defined benefit plans. U.S. defined-benefit pension plans Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation as of beginning of period Service cost Interest cost Plan amendments Actuarial loss Benefits paid Benefit obligation as of end of period 2011 2010 $ 1,867.7 15.6 92.3 0.5 79.3 (122.4) $ 1,933.0 $ 1,780.1 16.4 96.4 0.4 91.6 (117.2) $ 1,867.7 Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets as of beginning of period Actual return on plan assets Employer contribution Benefits paid Fair value of plan assets as of end of period $ 1,946.6 113.0 4.4 (122.4) $ 1,941.6 $ 1,850.3 210.1 3.4 (117.2) $ 1,946.6 Funded status of the plans U.S. defined-benefit pension plans Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at end of period: Discount rate Rate of compensation increase Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the period: Discount rate Expected return on plan assets Rate of compensation increase $ 8.6 $ 78.9 2011 2010 4.85% 3.10% 5.10% 3.10% 5.10% 7.25% 3.10% 5.60% 8.00% 4.00% The accumulated benefit obligation for the U.S. defined benefit pension plans was $1,913.6 million and $1,849.5 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. U.S. pension plans with benefit obligations in excess of assets Projected benefit obligation, December 31 Accumulated benefit obligation, December 31 Fair value of plan assets, December 31 2011 $ 49.4 48.5 - 2010 $ 49.4 48.8 - The components of pension credit are as follows: U.S. defined-benefit pension plans Service cost of benefits earned during the period Interest cost on projected benefit obligation Expected return on plan assets Amortization of prior service cost Recognized net actuarial loss Net periodic pension credit 2011 $ 15.6 92.3 (152.5) 1.9 19.2 $ (23.5) 2010 $ 16.4 96.4 (167.0) 1.8 4.3 $ (48.1) 2009 $ 18.0 96.0 (171.2) 1.8 - $ (55.4) 68 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) Investment Policies The RIP’s primary investment objective is to maintain the funded status of the plan such that the likelihood that we will be required to make significant contributions to the plan is limited. This objective is to be achieved by: (cid:120) (cid:120) Investing a substantial portion of the plan assets in high quality corporate bonds whose duration is at least equal to that of the plan’s liabilities such that there is a relatively high correlation between the movements of the plan’s liability and asset values. Investing in publicly traded equities in order to increase the ratio of plan assets to liabilities over time. (cid:120) Limiting investment return volatility by diversifying among additional asset classes with differing expected rates of return and return correlations. (cid:120) Using derivatives to either implement investment positions efficiently or to hedge risk but not to create investment leverage. Each asset class utilized by the RIP has a defined asset allocation target and allowable range. The table below shows the asset allocation target and the December 31, 2011 and 2010 position for each asset class: Asset Class Domestic equity International equity High yield bonds Long duration bonds Real estate Other fixed income Target Weight at December 31, 2011 17% 18% 5% 54% 5% 1% Position at December 31, 2011 17% 18% 5% 53% 6% 1% 2010 37% 21% 5% 31% 5% 1% The change in position from December 31, 2010 to December 31, 2011 reflects a planned change in our allocation targets. Pension plan assets are required to be reported and disclosed at fair value in the financial statements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. The asset’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. 69 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy a summary of the RIP’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Value at December 31, 2011 Description Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Long duration bonds Domestic equity International equity High yield bonds Real estate Other investments Receivables/short term investments/(payables), net Net assets - $ 218.4 107.8 - - - $ 1,017.2 117.0 205.7 98.7 - - - - - - $ 109.8 5.3 $ 1,017.2 335.4 313.5 98.7 109.8 5.3 63.4 $ 389.6 (1.7) $ 1,436.9 - $ 115.1 61.7 $ 1,941.6 Value at December 31, 2010 Description Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Long duration bonds Domestic equity International equity High yield bonds Real estate Other investments Money market investments Receivables/short term investments, net Net assets - $ 604.2 145.1 - - - 29.9 10.2 $ 789.4 $ 604.5 91.5 254.3 98.3 - - - - - - - $ 103.1 5.5 - $ 604.5 695.7 399.4 98.3 103.1 5.5 29.9 - - $ 1,048.6 $ 108.6 10.2 $ 1,946.6 70 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) The table below sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the RIP's level 3 assets for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011: Balance, December 31, 2009 Realized (loss) gain Unrealized (loss) gain Purchases, (sales), issuances, (settlements), net Balance, December 31, 2010 Realized (loss) Unrealized gain (loss) Purchases, (sales), issuances, (settlements), net Balance, December 31, 2011 Level 3 Assets Gains and Losses Real Estate Other Investments Total $ 84.6 (1.6) 9.7 10.4 $ 103.1 (1.8) 12.5 (4.0) $ 109.8 $ 8.4 0.4 (1.5) (1.8) $ 5.5 - (0.2) - $ 5.3 $ 93.0 (1.2) 8.2 8.6 $ 108.6 (1.8) 12.3 (4.0) $ 115.1 Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value. There have been no changes in the methodologies used at December 31, 2011 and 2010. Long Duration Bonds: Consists of investments in individual corporate bonds as well as investments in registered investment funds and common and collective trust funds investing in fixed income securities tailored to institutional investors. Certain corporate bonds are valued based on a compilation of primarily observable market information or a broker quote in a non-active market. There are no readily available market quotations for registered investment company funds or common collective trust funds. The fair value is based on the underlying securities in the fund’s portfolio which is typically the amount which the fund might reasonably expect to receive for the security upon a current sale. Domestic and International equity securities: Consists of investments in common and preferred stocks as well as investments in registered investment funds investing in equities tailored to institutional investors. Common and preferred stocks are valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded. There are no readily available market quotations for registered investment company funds. The fair value is based on the underlying securities in the fund’s portfolio which is typically the amount which the fund might reasonably expect to receive for the security upon a current sale. High Yield Bonds: Consists of investments in individual corporate bonds as well as an investment in a registered investment fund investing in fixed income securities tailored to institutional investors. Certain corporate bonds are valued based on a compilation of primarily observable market information or a broker quote in a non-active market. There are no readily available market quotations for registered investment company funds. The fair value is based on the underlying securities in the fund’s portfolio which is typically the amount which the fund might reasonably expect to receive for the security upon a current sale. Real Estate: The RIP’s real estate investments are comprised of both open-end and closed-end funds. There are no readily available market quotations for these real estate funds. The fund’s fair value is based on the underlying real estate assets held by the fund. Underlying real estate assets are valued on the basis of a discounted cash flow approach, which includes the future rental receipts, expenses and residual values as the highest and best use of the real estate from a market participant view. Independent appraisals may also be used to determine fair value for the underlying assets of these funds. 71 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) Other Investments: Consists of investments in a group insurance annuity contract and a limited partnership. The fair value for the group insurance annuity contract was determined by discounting the related cash flows based on current yields of similar instruments with comparable durations considering the credit-worthiness of the issuer. For our investment in the limited partnership, the majority of the partnership’s underlying securities are invested in publicly traded securities which are valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded. The remaining other investments within the partnership are valued based on available inputs, including recent financing rounds, comparable company valuations, and other available data. The investment in the limited partnership is non-redeemable until the expiration of the term of the agreement. Money Market Investments: The money market investment consists of an institutional investor mutual fund, valued at the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) which is normally calculated at the close of business daily. Receivables/Short Term Investments, net: Cash and short term investments consist of cash and cash equivalents and other payables and receivables (net). The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. Other payables and receivables consist primarily of margin on account for a fund, accrued fees and receivables related to investment positions liquidated for which proceeds had not been received at December 31. The carrying amounts of payables and receivables approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The RIP has $1,012.1 million and $830.0 million of investments in alternative investment funds at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, which are reported at fair value, and we have concluded that the net asset value reported by the underlying fund approximates the fair value of the investment. These investments are redeemable at NAV under agreements with the underlying funds. However, it is possible that these redemption rights may be restricted or eliminated by the funds in the future in accordance with the underlying fund agreements. Due to the nature of the investments held by the funds, changes in market conditions and the economic environment may significantly impact the NAV of the funds and, consequently, the fair value of the RIP’s interest in the funds. Furthermore, changes to the liquidity provisions of the funds may significantly impact the fair value of the RIP’s interest in the funds. Basis of Rate-of-Return Assumption Long-term asset class return assumptions are determined based on input from investment professionals on the expected performance of the asset classes over 10 to 20 years. The forecasts were averaged to come up with consensus passive return forecasts for each asset class. An incremental component was added for the expected return from active management based both on the RIP’s experience and on historical information obtained from the RIP’s investment consultants. These forecast gross returns were reduced by estimated management fees and expenses, yielding a long-term return forecast of 7.25% per annum for 2011. 72 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) U.S. defined-benefit retiree health and life insurance plans Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation as of beginning of period Service cost Interest cost Plan participants’ contributions Plan amendments Effect of curtailments Actuarial loss (gain) Benefits paid, gross Medicare subsidy receipts Benefit obligation as of end of period Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets as of beginning of period Employer contribution Plan participants’ contributions Benefits paid, gross Medicare subsidy receipts Fair value of plan assets as of end of period 2011 2010 $ 304.4 2.1 14.1 6.0 (3.0) (8.4) 9.8 (29.8) 2.5 $ 297.7 - $ 21.3 6.0 (29.8) 2.5 $ - $ 327.5 2.4 14.8 5.9 - (1.9) (16.7) (29.8) 2.2 $ 304.4 - $ 21.7 5.9 (29.8) 2.2 $ - Funded status of the plans $ (297.7) $ (304.4) U.S. defined-benefit retiree health and life insurance plans Weighted-average discount rate used to determine benefit obligations at end of period Weighted-average discount rate used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the period 2011 2010 4.75% 4.90% 4.90% 5.30% The components of postretirement benefit costs are as follows: U.S. defined-benefit retiree health and life insurance plans Service cost of benefits earned during the period Interest cost on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation Amortization of prior service credit Amortization of net actuarial gain Net periodic postretirement benefit cost 2011 $ 2.1 14.1 (0.1) (2.1) $ 14.0 2010 $ 2.4 14.8 - (6.3) $ 10.9 2009 $ 1.9 16.7 - (4.4) $ 14.2 As a result of the elimination of future benefits for certain employees, we recorded a curtailment gain of $8.4 million in 2011 in cost of goods sold. This gain is not reflected in the table above. 73 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) For measurement purposes, an average rate of annual increase in the per capita cost of covered health care benefits of 8.1% for both pre-65 retirees and post-65 retirees was assumed for 2012, decreasing ratably to an ultimate rate of 5% in 2019. Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plans. A one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects: U.S. retiree health and life insurance benefit plans Effect on total service and interest cost components Effect on postretirement benefit obligation Amounts recognized in assets and (liabilities) at year end consist of: One percentage point Increase $ 0.6 10.9 Decrease $ (0.5) (10.4) Prepaid pension costs Accounts payable and accrued expenses Postretirement benefit liabilities Pension benefit liabilities Net amount recognized Pension Benefits 2011 $ 58.0 (3.7) - (45.7) $ 8.6 2010 $ 128.3 (3.9) - (45.5) $ 78.9 Retiree Health and Life Insurance Benefits 2010 - 2011 - $ (25.5) (272.2) - $ (26.5) (277.9) - $ (297.7) $ (304.4) Pre-tax amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at year end consist of: Net actuarial (loss) gain Prior service (cost) credit Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income Pension Benefits 2011 $ (694.1) (11.4) 2010 $ (594.5) (12.8) Retiree Health and Life Insurance Benefits 2010 $ 58.2 (0.1) 2011 $ 45.9 2.8 $ (705.5) $ (607.3) $ 48.7 $ 58.1 We expect to amortize $24.5 million of previously unrecognized prior service cost and net actuarial losses into the pension credit in 2012. We expect to amortize $2.7 million of previously unrecognized net actuarial gains and prior service credits into postretirement benefit cost in 2012. We expect to contribute $3.7 million to our U.S. defined benefit pension plans and $25.5 million to our U.S. postretirement benefit plans in 2012. The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid over the next ten years for our U.S. plans: Pension Benefits $ 127.8 128.6 129.8 129.6 130.6 669.0 Retiree Health and Life Insurance Benefits, Gross $ 26.6 26.8 26.9 26.2 25.6 114.5 Retiree Health Medicare Subsidy Receipts $ (1.1) (1.2) (1.4) (1.4) (1.5) (9.5) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017-2021 74 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) These estimated benefit payments are based on assumptions about future events. Actual benefit payments may vary significantly from these estimates. NON-U.S. PLANS We have defined benefit pension plans covering employees in a number of foreign countries that utilize assumptions which are consistent with, but not identical to, those of the U.S. plans. The following tables summarize the balance sheet impact of foreign pension benefit plans, as well as the related benefit obligations, assets, funded status and rate assumptions. We use a December 31 measurement date for all of our non-U.S. defined benefit plans. Non-U.S. defined-benefit plans Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation as of beginning of period Service cost Interest cost Plan participants’ contributions Foreign currency translation adjustment Effect of plan settlements and curtailments Effect of termination benefits Actuarial loss Benefits paid Benefit obligation as of end of period Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets as of beginning of period Actual return on plan assets Employer contributions Plan participants’ contributions Foreign currency translation adjustment Effect of settlements Benefits paid Fair value of plan assets as of end of period 2011 2010 $ 354.6 3.6 17.9 0.8 (1.6) (1.0) - 15.8 (34.2) $ 355.9 $ 188.7 10.7 17.5 0.8 0.5 - (34.2) $ 184.0 $ 385.8 5.4 18.3 1.5 (27.7) (7.7) 1.3 6.1 (28.4) $ 354.6 $ 190.3 18.7 23.9 1.5 (11.7) (5.6) (28.4) $ 188.7 Funded status of the plans $ (171.9) $ (165.9) Non-U.S. defined-benefit plans Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at end of period: Discount rate Rate of compensation increase Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the period: Discount rate Expected return on plan assets Rate of compensation increase 2011 2010 4.5% 3.1% 5.0% 6.6% 3.1% 5.0% 3.1% 5.1% 6.5% 3.0% 75 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) Non-U.S. pension plans with benefit obligations in excess of assets Projected benefit obligation, December 31 Accumulated benefit obligation, December 31 Fair value of plan assets, December 31 2011 $ 354.8 347.6 182.9 2010 $ 208.2 201.3 39.9 The components of pension cost are as follows: Non-U.S. defined-benefit plans Service cost of benefits earned during the period Interest cost on projected benefit obligation Expected return on plan assets Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain) Net periodic pension cost 2011 $ 3.6 17.9 (13.2) 0.3 $ 8.6 2010 $ 5.4 18.3 (13.4) 0.3 $ 10.6 2009 $ 5.1 19.3 (12.8) (0.9) $ 10.7 Investment Policies Each of the funded non-US pension plan’s primary investment objective is to earn sufficient long-term returns on investments both to increase the ratio of the assets to liabilities in order for the plans to meet their benefits obligations and to minimize required cash contributions to the plans. This is to be achieved by (a) investing primarily in publicly-traded equities, (b) limiting return volatility by diversifying investments among additional asset classes with differing expected rates of return and return correlations, and (c) utilizing long duration bonds to limit the volatility of the plans’ asset/liability ratios. Each of the plans has a targeted asset allocation for each asset class. The table below shows, for each asset class, the weighted average of the several plans’ asset allocation targets and positions at December 31, 2011 and 2010: Asset Class Equities Long duration bonds Other fixed income Real estate Target Weight at December 31, 2011 41% 48% 2% 9% Position at December 31, 2011 41% 49% 1% 9% 2010 56% 33% 2% 9% The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy a summary of our non-U.S. plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Value at December 31, 2011 Description Level 1 Level 2 Total Bonds Equities Real estate Cash and other short term investments Net assets - - - $ 1.3 $ 1.3 $ 93.0 74.4 15.3 - $ 182.7 $ 93.0 74.4 15.3 1.3 $ 184.0 76 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) Value at December 31, 2010 Description Level 1 Level 2 Total Bonds Equities Real estate Cash and other short term investments Net assets - $ 1.2 - 1.5 $ 2.7 $ 65.3 105.1 15.6 - $ 186.0 $ 65.3 106.3 15.6 1.5 $ 188.7 Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for non-U.S. plan assets measured at fair value. There have been no changes in the methodologies used at December 31, 2011 and 2010. Bonds: Consists of investments in individual corporate bonds as well as investments in pooled funds investing in fixed income securities tailored to institutional investors. Certain corporate bonds are valued at the closing price reported in the active market in which the bond is traded. There are no readily available market quotations for pooled funds. The fair value is based on the underlying securities in the fund’s portfolio which is typically the amount which the fund might reasonably expect to receive for the security upon a current sale. Equities: Consists of investments in common and preferred stocks as well as investments in pooled funds investing in international equities tailored to institutional investors. Equity securities are valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded. There are no readily available market quotations for pooled funds. The fair value is based on the underlying securities in the fund’s portfolio which is typically the amount which the fund might reasonably expect to receive for the security upon a current sale. Real Estate: The plans’ real estate investments are comprised of pooled real estate mutual funds valued based on a compilation of primarily observable market information or a broker quote in a non-active market. Cash and other Short Term Investments: Cash and short term investments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, and plan receivables/payables. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents and receivables/payables approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The non-U.S. pension plans have $182.2 million and $185.4 million of investments in alternative investment funds at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, which are reported at fair value. We have concluded that the net asset value reported by the underlying fund approximates the fair value of the investment. These investments are redeemable at net asset value under agreements with the underlying funds. However, it is possible that these redemption rights may be restricted or eliminated by the funds in the future in accordance with the underlying fund agreements. Due to the nature of the investments held by the funds, changes in market conditions and the economic environment may significantly impact the net asset value of the funds and, consequently, the fair value of the plans’ interest in the funds. Furthermore, changes to the liquidity provisions of the funds may significantly impact the fair value of the plans’ interest in the funds. Basis of Rate-of-Return Assumption Long-term asset class return forecasts were obtained from investment professionals. The forecasts were averaged to come up with consensus passive return forecasts for each asset class. These forecast asset class returns were weighted by the plans’ target asset class weights, yielding a long-term return forecast of 6.6% and 6.5% for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. 77 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of: Prepaid pension costs Accounts payable and accrued expenses Pension benefit liabilities Net amount recognized 2011 - $ (10.9) (161.0) $ (171.9) 2010 $ 2.4 (11.7) (156.6) $ (165.9) Pre-tax amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at year end consist of: Net actuarial (loss) Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) 2011 $ (25.9) $ (25.9) 2010 $ (11.2) $ (11.2) We expect to amortize $1.3 million of previously unrecognized net actuarial losses into pension cost in 2012. The accumulated benefit obligation for the non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans was $348.8 million and $338.7 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. We expect to contribute $14.9 million to our non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans in 2012. The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid over the next ten years: 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017-2021 Pension Benefits $ 20.8 19.4 19.5 20.9 20.6 111.1 Costs for other worldwide defined contribution benefit plans and multiemployer pension plans were $14.1 million in 2011, $13.2 million in 2010 and $13.3 million in 2009. NOTE 19. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS We do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. The estimated fair values of our financial instruments are as follows: Assets/(Liabilities), net: Total debt, including current portion Foreign currency contract obligations Natural gas contracts Interest rate swap contracts December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 Carrying amount Estimated Fair Value Carrying amount Estimated Fair Value $ (843.0) 1.1 (9.3) (14.0) $ (835.2) 1.1 (9.3) (14.0) $ (874.9) (7.0) (5.5) - $ (882.8) (7.0) (5.5) - The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents of $480.6 million at December 31, 2011 (made up of bank deposits), receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses, short-term debt and current installments of long-term debt approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these 78 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) instruments. The fair value estimates of long-term debt were based upon quotes from a major financial institution of recently observed trading levels of our Term Loan B debt. The fair value estimates of foreign currency contract obligations are estimated from market quotes provided by a well recognized national market data provider. The fair value estimates of natural gas contracts are estimated using internal valuation models with verification by obtaining quotes from major financial institutions. For swap transactions, fair value is calculated using NYMEX market quotes provided by a well recognized national market data provider. For option based strategies, fair value is calculated using an industry standard Black-Scholes model with market based inputs, including but not limited to, underlying asset price, strike price, implied volatility, discounted risk free rate and time to expiration, provided by a well recognized national market data provider. The fair value estimates for interest rate swap contracts are estimated by obtaining quotes from major financial institutions with verification by internal valuation models. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, we had $1.5 million and $30.0 million, respectively, of restricted cash held by a trustee related to the construction of our Millwood, West Virginia mineral wool plant. The trustee has invested the cash in money market investments. The carrying value on our balance sheet approximates the fair value because of the short-term maturity of the instruments. Refer to Note 18 for a discussion of fair value and the related inputs used to measure fair value. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below: December 31, 2011 Fair value based on Other observable inputs Level 2 Quoted, active markets Level 1 December 31, 2010 Fair value based on Other observable inputs Level 2 Quoted, active markets Level 1 Assets/(Liabilities), net: Foreign currency contract obligations Natural gas contracts Interest rate swap contracts $1.1 - - - $(9.3) (14.0) $(7.0) - - - $(5.5) - We do not have any financial assets or liabilities that are valued using Level 3 (unobservable) inputs. NOTE 20. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS We are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices that could impact our results of operations and financial condition. We use forward swaps and option contracts to hedge these exposures. Exposure to individual counterparties is controlled and derivative financial instruments are entered into with a diversified group of major financial institutions. Forward swaps and option contracts are entered into for periods consistent with underlying exposure and do not constitute positions independent of those exposures. At inception, hedges that we designate as hedging instruments are formally documented as either (1) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or “cash flow” hedge, or (2) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized liability or asset or “fair value” hedge. We also formally assess both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in either the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item. If it is determined that a derivative ceases to be a highly effective hedge, or if the anticipated transaction is no longer probable of occurring, we discontinue hedge accounting, and any future mark-to-market adjustments are recognized in earnings. We use derivative financial instruments as risk management tools and not for speculative trading purposes. Counterparty Risk We only enter into derivative transactions with established counterparties having a credit rating of BBB or better. We monitor counterparty credit default swap levels and credit ratings on a regular basis. All of our derivative transactions with counterparties are governed by master International Swap and Derivatives Association agreements (“ISDAs”) with netting arrangements. These agreements can limit our exposure 79 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) in situations where we have gain and loss positions outstanding with a single counterparty. We generally do not post nor do we receive cash collateral with any counterparty for our derivative transactions. As of December 31, 2011, we had no cash collateral posted or received for any of our derivative transactions. These ISDAs do not have any credit contingent features; however, a default under our bank credit facility would trigger a default under these agreements. Exposure to individual counterparties is controlled, and thus we consider the risk of counterparty default to be negligible. Commodity Price Risk We purchase natural gas for use in the manufacture of ceiling tiles and other products, and to heat many of our facilities. As a result, we are exposed to fluctuations in the price of natural gas. We have a policy to reduce cost volatility for North American natural gas purchases by purchasing natural gas forward contracts and swaps, purchased call options, and zero-cost collars up to 24 months forward to reduce our overall exposure to natural gas price movements. There is a high correlation between the hedged item and the hedged instrument. The gains and losses on these transactions offset gains and losses on the transactions being hedged. These instruments are designated as cash flow hedges. At December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the notional amount of these hedges was $47.2 million and $37.0 million, respectively. The mark-to-market gain or loss on qualifying hedges is included in other comprehensive income to the extent effective, and reclassified into cost of goods sold in the period during which the underlying gas is consumed. The mark-to-market gains or losses on ineffective portions of hedges are recognized in cost of goods sold immediately. The earnings impact of the ineffective portion of these hedges was not material for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. The contracts are based on forecasted usage of natural gas measured in mmBtu’s. Currency Rate Risk – Sales and Purchases We manufacture and sell our products in a number of countries throughout the world and, as a result, we are exposed to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. To a large extent, our global manufacturing and sales provide a natural hedge of foreign currency exchange rate movement, as foreign currency expenses generally offset foreign currency revenues. We manage our cash flow exposures on a net basis and use derivatives to hedge the majority of our unmatched foreign currency cash inflows and outflows. As of December 31, 2011, our major foreign currency exposures are to the Canadian dollar, the Euro, and the Australian dollar. We use foreign currency forward exchange contracts to reduce our exposure to the risk that the eventual net cash inflows and outflows resulting from the sale of products to foreign customers and purchases from foreign suppliers will be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates. These derivative instruments are used for forecasted transactions and are classified as cash flow hedges. Cash flow hedges are executed quarterly, generally up to 15 months forward, and allow us to further reduce our overall exposure to exchange rate movements, since gains and losses on these contracts offset gains and losses on the transactions being hedged. The notional amount of these hedges was $128.3 million and $89.9 million at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. Gains and losses on these instruments are recorded in other comprehensive income, to the extent effective, until the underlying transaction is recognized in earnings. The earnings impact of the ineffective portion of these hedges was not material for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. Currency Rate Risk - Intercompany Loans and Dividends We also use foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge exposures created by cross-currency intercompany loans and dividends. The underlying intercompany loans are classified as short-term, and translation adjustments related to these loans are recorded in other non-operating income or expense. The offsetting gains or losses on the related derivative contracts are also recorded in other non-operating income or expense. These contracts are decreased or increased as repayments are made or additional intercompany loans are extended or adjusted for intercompany dividend activity as necessary. The notional amount of these hedges was $21.8 million and $143.2 million at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. 80 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) Interest Rate Risk We utilize interest rate swaps to minimize the fluctuations in earnings caused by interest rate volatility. Interest expense on variable-rate liabilities increases or decreases as a result of interest rate fluctuations. On March 31, 2011, we entered into two interest rate swaps, on our Term Loan A and Term Loan B, with notional amounts of $100 million and $200 million, respectively, which mature in November 2015. Under the terms of the Term Loan A swap, we receive 3-month LIBOR and pay a fixed rate over the hedged period. Under the terms of the Term Loan B swap, we receive the greater of 3-month LIBOR or the 1% LIBOR Floor and pay a fixed rate over the hedged period. These swaps are designated as cash flow hedges to hedge against changes in LIBOR for a portion of our variable rate debt. The mark-to-market loss was $14.0 million at December 31, 2011. Financial Statement Impacts The following tables detail amounts related to our derivatives as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Our derivative assets not designated as hedging instruments were not material as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Asset Derivatives Fair Value December 31, 2011 Balance Sheet Location Fair Value December 31, 2010 Derivatives designated as hedging instruments Foreign exchange contracts Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments Other current assets $ 2.4 $ 2.4 - - Derivatives designated as hedging instruments Natural gas commodity contracts Natural gas commodity contracts Foreign exchange contracts Interest rate swaps Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments Liability Derivatives Fair Value December 31, 2011 Balance Sheet Location Fair Value December 31, 2010 Accounts payable and accrued expenses Other long-term liabilities Accounts payable and accrued expenses Other long-term liabilities $ 7.2 2.1 $ 5.5 - 1.3 2.4 14.0 $ 24.6 - $ 7.9 Liability Derivatives Fair Value December 31, 2011 Balance Sheet Location Fair Value December 31, 2010 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Foreign exchange contracts Total derivative liabilities not designated as hedging instruments Accounts payable and accrued expenses - $ 4.6 - $ 4.6 81 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Natural gas commodity contracts Foreign exchange contracts – purchases and sales Interest rate swap contracts Total Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”) (Effective Portion) (a) For the Year Ended December 31, 2011 $ (9.1) 1.0 (14.0) $ (22.1) For the Year Ended December 31, 2010 $ (5.3) (2.4) - $ (7.7) (a) As of December 31, 2011 the amount of existing gains (losses) in Accumulated OCI expected to be recognized in earnings over the next twelve months is $(6.2) million. (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Effective Portion) For the Year Ended December 31, Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Natural gas commodity contracts Foreign exchange contracts – purchases and sales Total Location Cost of goods sold Cost of goods sold 2011 $ (6.7) (3.5) $ (10.2) 2010 $ (9.2) (5.4) $ (14.6) Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Natural gas commodity contracts Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Ineffective Portion) (a) Cost of goods sold Foreign exchange contracts – purchases and sales SG&A expense Interest rate swap contracts Interest expense (a) The amount recognized in income related to the ineffective portion of the hedging relationships was immaterial in 2011 and 2010. No gains or losses are excluded from the assessment of the hedge effectiveness. The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income for derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments was $4.7 million and ($4.7) million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. NOTE 21. GUARANTEES In disposing of assets, we have entered into contracts that included various indemnity provisions, covering such matters as taxes, environmental liabilities and asbestos and other litigation. Some of these contracts have exposure limits, but many do not. Due to the nature of the indemnities, it is not possible to estimate the potential maximum exposure under these contracts. For contracts under which an indemnity claim has been received, a liability of $4.3 million has been recorded as of December 31, 2011, which is included in environmental liabilities as disclosed in Note 30 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 82 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) NOTE 22. PRODUCT WARRANTIES We provide direct customer and end-user warranties for our products. These warranties cover manufacturing defects that would prevent the product from performing in line with its intended and marketed use. The terms of these warranties vary by product and generally provide for the repair or replacement of the defective product. We collect and analyze warranty claims data with a focus on the historic amount of claims, the products involved, the amount of time between the warranty claims and their respective sales and the amount of current sales. The following table summarizes the activity for the accrual of product warranties for December 31, 2011 and 2010: Balance at beginning of year Reductions for payments Current year warranty accruals Preexisting warranty accrual changes Effects of foreign exchange translation Balance at end of year 2011 $ 11.9 (16.5) 17.2 (0.4) (0.1) $ 12.1 2010 $ 14.1 (18.1) 16.3 (0.2) (0.2) $ 11.9 The warranty provision and related reserve are recorded as a reduction of sales and accounts receivable. NOTE 23. OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES Long-term deferred compensation arrangements Long-term portion of derivative liabilities U.S. workers’ compensation Postemployment benefit liabilities Environmental liabilities Other Total other long-term liabilities December 31, 2011 $ 24.8 16.1 10.3 8.0 7.3 12.4 $ 78.9 December 31, 2010 $ 27.9 - 12.2 8.1 8.3 13.8 $ 70.3 NOTE 24. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS The 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2006 Plan”) authorized us to issue stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, stock units, performance-based awards and cash awards to officers and key employees, and was scheduled to terminate on October 2, 2016. On June 24, 2011 our shareholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2006 Plan, resulting in the 2011 Long- Term Incentive plan (the “LTIP”). The 2006 Plan originally authorized up to 5,349,000 shares of common stock for issuance, and the amendment authorizes an additional 1,600,000 shares of common stock for issuance, for a total of 6,949,000, which includes all shares that have been issued under the 2006 Plan. The amendment also extends the expiration date of the LTIP to June 24, 2021, after which time no further awards may be made. As of December 31, 2011, 3,092,490 shares were available for future grants under the LTIP plan. For grants made between our Chapter 11 emergence on October 2, 2006 and October 17, 2006, options were granted to purchase shares at a price equal to the volume weighted average closing price of the shares for the period October 18, 2006 through October 31, 2006. For grants made on or after October 18, 2006, options were granted to purchase shares at prices equal to the closing market price of the shares on the dates the options were granted. The options generally become exercisable in two to four years and expire 10 years from the date of grant. 83 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) In August 2009, TPG and the Asbestos PI Trust entered into an agreement whereby TPG purchased 7,000,000 shares of AWI common stock from the Asbestos PI Trust, and acquired an economic interest in an additional 1,039,777 shares from the Asbestos PI Trust. The Asbestos PI Trust and TPG together hold more than 60% of AWI’s outstanding shares and have entered into a shareholders’ agreement pursuant to which the Asbestos PI Trust and TPG have agreed to vote their shares together on certain matters. Under the terms of the 2006 Plan, a change in control occurred as a result of the Asbestos PI Trust and TPG agreement, causing the accelerated vesting of all unvested share-based compensation. The non-cash charge to earnings related to this accelerated vesting was $31.6 million and was recorded within SG&A expenses in the third quarter of 2009. Year Ended December 31, 2011 Option shares outstanding at beginning of period Options granted Option shares exercised Options forfeited Options expired Option shares outstanding at end of period Number of shares (thousands) 1,978.4 476.5 (359.5) (66.1) (5.1) 2,024.2 Weighted- average exercise price $ 24.02 41.64 (21.33) (34.89) (22.55) $ 28.30 Option shares exercisable at end of period Option shares vested and expected to vest 1,149.1 1,953.2 23.08 27.94 Weighted- average remaining contractual term (years) Aggregate intrinsic value (millions) $8.7 $ 31.6 $ 23.9 $31.2 7.0 5.6 6.9 Year Ended December 31, 2010 Option shares outstanding at beginning of period Options granted Option adjustment for December dividend Option shares exercised Options forfeited Option shares outstanding at end of period Number of shares (thousands) 1,627.5 526.5 463.6 (615.4) (23.8) 1,978.4 Weighted- average exercise price $ 25.87 37.22 24.01 (21.55) (38.06) $ 24.02 Option shares exercisable at end of period Option shares vested and expected to vest 1,323.7 1,950.7 21.78 23.95 Weighted- average remaining contractual term (years) Aggregate intrinsic value (millions) $13.2 $ 37.5 $ 28.1 $37.2 6.9 5.7 6.9 We have reserved sufficient authorized shares to allow us to issue new shares upon exercise of all outstanding options. When options are actually exercised, we may issue new shares, use treasury shares (if available), acquire shares held by investors, or a combination of these alternatives in order to satisfy the option exercises. The total grant date fair value of options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2011 was $3.8 million. Cash proceeds received from options exercised for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $7.7 million. 84 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) The fair value of option grants was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted average assumptions for the years 2011, 2010 and 2009 are presented in the table below. Weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted (dollars per option) $ 17.32 $ 15.44 $ 4.77 2011 2010 2009 Assumptions Risk free rate of return Expected volatility Expected term (in years) Expected dividend yield 2.4% 39.5% 6.0 0.0% 2.8% 38.1% 6.1 0.0% 2.1% 32.7% 6.0 0.0% The risk free rate of return is determined based on the implied yield available on zero coupon U.S. Treasury bills at the time of grant with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option. Because reorganized Armstrong’s stock has only been trading since the fourth quarter of 2006, the expected volatility is established based on an average of the actual historical volatilities of the stock prices of a peer group of companies. The expected life is the midpoint of the average vesting period and the contractual life of the grant. For the same reasons mentioned earlier we are using an allowable simplified method to determine an appropriate expected term for our option valuation assumptions. The expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero because, at the time of each grant, we had no plans to declare a dividend. The assumptions outlined above are applicable to all option grants. Under the terms of the 2006 Plan, the Management Development and Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors is required to make equitable adjustments to stock option grants if there is a change in our capital structure. The special cash dividend in December 2010 qualified as a change to our capital structure under the terms of the 2006 Plan. We used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the awards before and after the special cash dividend, using consistent assumptions for the risk free rate of return, expected term, expected volatility and expected dividend yield. The stock prices used in the before and after calculations were $52.86 (the NYSE volume weighted average stock price on December 10, 2010, the day before the ex-dividend date) and $40.59 (the NYSE volume weighted average stock price on December 13, 2010, the ex-dividend date), respectively. For all option grants, the fair value of the award before and after the dividend remained the same. Therefore, there was no incremental cost recognized in our financial statements due to these award modifications. The following changes were made to the options outstanding as a result of this change: Post-Dividend Grant Terms Number of Shares Exercise Price $ 22.55 30.62 921,281 83,452 197,834 21.85 – 28.21 140,371 654,673 26.21 – 29.23 10.34 Options granted in 2006 Options granted in 2007 Options granted in 2008 Options granted in 2009 Options granted in 2010 Pre-Dividend Grant Terms Exercise Number of Price Shares $ 29.37 39.88 707,535 64,100 151,904 28.45 – 36.74 107,779 502,682 34.13 – 38.06 13.46 85 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) We have also granted restricted stock and restricted stock units. These awards generally had vesting periods of two to four years at the grant date. A summary of the 2011 and 2010 activity related to these awards follows: Non-Vested Stock Awards Weighted- average fair value at grant date Number of Shares January 1, 2010 Granted Vested Forfeited December 31, 2010 Granted Vested Forfeited December 31, 2011 - 72,951 - - 72,951 72,104 (13,482) (3,396) 128,177 - $ 36.52 - - $ 36.52 41.56 36.38 41.47 $ 39.20 In addition to options and restricted stock and restricted stock units, we have also granted performance restricted stock and performance restricted stock units. These awards generally had vesting periods of two to four years at the grant date. A summary of the 2011 and 2010 activity related to these awards follows: Non-Vested Performance Stock Awards Number of Shares Weighted- average fair value at grant date January 1, 2010 Granted Vested Performance premium Forfeited December 31, 2010 Granted Vested Forfeited December 31, 2011 - 290,950 - 11,064 (29,987) 272,027 162,756 (3,311) (63,093) 368,379 - $ 38.09 - 38.19 38.06 $ 38.09 41.66 40.67 38.67 $ 39.54 In 2011, we granted both restricted stock awards and performance based awards to the participants in our long term incentive plan. The restricted stock awards entitle the recipient to a specified number of shares of Armstrong’s common stock provided the prescribed three year service period is fulfilled. The performance based stock awards entitle the recipient to a specified number of shares of Armstrong’s common stock provided the defined financial targets are achieved at the end of 2013. In 2010, we granted predominantly performance based stock awards to the participants in our long term incentive plan. These awards entitled the recipient to a specified number of shares of Armstrong’s common stock provided the defined financial targets were achieved in 2010, and the subsequent two year service period is fulfilled. The financial performance targets were met. In addition to these awards, we granted our Chief Executive Officer performance restricted stock units vesting equally on December 31, 2012 and 86 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) 2013, provided that specified stock price targets are achieved. During 2011, the performance target for the grant vesting December 31, 2012 was achieved. In addition to the equity awards described above, as of December 31, 2011 we had 20,616 fully-vested phantom shares outstanding for non-employee directors under the 2006 Phantom Stock Unit Plan. These awards are settled in cash and generally had vesting periods of one to three years. The awards are generally payable six months following the director’s separation from service. The total liability recorded for these shares as of December 31, 2011 was $1.4 million. The awards under the 2006 Phantom Stock Unit Plan are not reflected in the Non-Vested Stock Awards tables above. The 2006 Phantom Stock Unit Plan is still in place; however, no additional shares will be granted under that plan. During 2008, we adopted the 2008 Directors Stock Unit Plan. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, there were 105,427 and 119,763 restricted stock units, respectively, outstanding under the 2008 Directors Stock Unit Plan. In 2011 and 2010, we granted 22,590 and 59,981 restricted stock units, respectively, to non-employee directors. These awards generally have vesting periods of one to three years, and as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, 68,879 and 72,147 shares, respectively, were vested but not yet delivered. The awards are generally payable six months following the director’s separation from service. During 2011, we released 28,884 shares to five retired directors and, in 2010, we released 61,084 shares to four retired directors. Additionally, as a result of these retirements, the directors forfeited 8,042 shares and 20,916 shares in 2011 and 2010, respectively. The awards granted under the 2008 Directors Stock Unit Plan are not reflected in the Non-Vested Stock Awards tables above. We recognize share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Share-based compensation cost was $11.2 million ($7.5 million net of tax benefit) in 2011; $5.6 million ($3.7 million net of tax benefit) in 2010, and $38.9 million ($29.6 million net of tax benefit), including the impact of the accelerated vesting, in 2009. Share-based compensation expense is recorded as a component of SG&A expenses. The benefits of tax deductions in excess of grant date fair value from the exercise of stock options and vesting of share-based awards for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $3.0 million and $2.9 million, respectively. To the extent the vesting date value is greater than the grant date value, the excess tax benefit is a credit to additional paid in capital (“APIC”), but only if it reduces income tax currently payable. Due to our NOL, the credit to APIC will be suspended until the NOL is fully utilized. As of December 31, 2011, there was $17.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years. NOTE 25. EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION Employee compensation is presented in the table below. Charges for severance costs and early retirement incentives to terminated employees that were otherwise recorded as restructuring charges have been excluded. Wages, salaries and incentive compensation Payroll taxes Pension expense (credits), net Insurance and other benefit costs Share-based compensation Total 2011 $ 578.0 61.4 (0.8) 51.7 11.2 $ 701.5 2010 $ 627.6 64.3 (24.3) 59.0 5.6 $ 732.2 2009 $ 623.4 64.7 (31.4) 69.1 38.3 $ 764.1 The significant reduction in wages and salaries from 2010 to 2011 is primarily due to our on-going headcount reduction efforts. In addition, 2010 included $11.2 million for severance and related expenses to reflect the separation costs for our former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. 87 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) The net pension credit has significantly decreased due to a change in the discount rate and a decrease in the expected return on assets assumption. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. NOTE 26. LEASES We rent certain real estate and equipment. Several leases include options for renewal or purchase, and contain clauses for payment of real estate taxes and insurance. In most cases, management expects that in the normal course of business, leases will be renewed or replaced by other leases. Rent expense Sublease (income) Net rent expense 2011 $ 21.9 (1.4) $ 20.5 2010 $ 24.0 (3.0) $ 21.0 2009 $ 25.8 (3.1) $ 22.7 Future minimum payments at December 31, 2011 by year and in the aggregate, having non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year are as follows: Scheduled minimum lease payments 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Thereafter Total Total Minimum Lease Payments $8.3 6.6 3.9 2.2 1.7 3.8 $ 26.5 Sublease (Income) $ (1.2) (0.7) (0.4) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) $ (2.9) Net Minimum Lease Payments $ 7.1 5.9 3.5 2.0 1.5 3.6 $ 23.6 Assets under capital leases at December 31, 2011 and 2010 are not material. NOTE 27. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY There were no treasury shares at December 31, 2011 or December 31, 2010. The balance of each component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net of tax as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 is presented in the table below. Foreign currency translation adjustments Derivative (loss), net Pension and postretirement adjustments Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) December 31, 2011 $ 23.1 (14.0) (424.1) $ (415.0) December 31, 2010 $ 24.7 (5.0) (345.4) $ (325.7) 88 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) The amounts and related tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) for 2011, 2010, and 2009 are presented in the table below. 2011 Foreign currency translation adjustments Derivative (loss), net Pension and postretirement adjustments Total other comprehensive (loss) 2010 Foreign currency translation adjustments Derivative gain (loss), net Pension and postretirement adjustments Purchase of non-controlling interest Total other comprehensive (loss) 2009 Foreign currency translation adjustments Derivative gain (loss), net Pension and postretirement adjustments Total other comprehensive income Pre-tax Amount $ (1.6) (14.4) (122.3) $ (138.3) Pre-tax Amount $ 0.3 0.7 (28.4) 1.1 $ (26.3) Pre-tax Amount $ 38.3 (1.6) 37.9 $ 74.6 Tax Benefit - $ 5.4 43.6 $ 49.0 Tax (Expense) $ (0.6) (0.2) (0.8) - $ (1.6) Tax (Expense) $ (3.9) (0.6) (19.1) $ (23.6) After tax Amount $ (1.6) (9.0) (78.7) $ (89.3) After tax Amount $ (0.3) 0.5 (29.2) 1.1 $ (27.9) After tax Amount $ 34.4 (2.2) 18.8 $ 51.0 NOTE 28. SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION Selected operating expenses Maintenance and repair costs Research and development costs Advertising costs 2011 $ 96.0 29.2 16.8 2010 $ 94.6 32.9 27.5 2009 $ 103.5 38.0 28.8 Other non-operating expense Foreign currency transaction loss, net of hedging activity Other Total $ 0.6 0.8 $ 1.4 $ 1.1 0.1 $ 1.2 $ 0.3 0.6 $ 0.9 Other non-operating income Interest income Foreign currency transaction gain, net of hedging activity Other Total $ 2.8 0.2 0.8 $ 3.8 $ 7.1 0.7 0.2 $ 8.0 $ 3.1 0.1 - $ 3.2 NOTE 29. RELATED PARTIES We purchase grid products from WAVE, our 50%-owned joint venture with Worthington Industries. The total amount of these purchases was approximately $93 million in 2011, $79 million in 2010, and $67 million in 2009. We also provide certain selling, promotional and administrative processing services to WAVE for which we receive reimbursement. Those services amounted to $15.0 million in 2011, $15.2 million in 2010, and $14.2 million in 2009. The net amounts due from us to WAVE for all of our relationships were $2.0 million at the end of both 2011 and 2010. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. 89 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) We incurred approximately $3.1 million and $0.6 million in consulting fees related to services provided by an affiliate of TPG in 2010 and 2009, respectively. There were no consulting services provided by the TPG affiliate in 2011. The amount due from us to the TPG affiliate was $0.6 million at the end of 2010. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. NOTE 30. LITIGATION AND RELATED MATTERS ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS Environmental Expenditures Our manufacturing and research facilities are affected by various federal, state and local requirements relating to the discharge of materials and the protection of the environment. We make expenditures necessary for compliance with applicable environmental requirements at each of our operating facilities. These regulatory requirements continually change, therefore we cannot predict with certainty future expenditures associated with compliance with environmental requirements. Environmental Remediation Summary We are actively involved in the investigation and/or remediation of environmental contamination under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA"), and state or international Superfund and similar type laws at several domestically- and internationally-owned, formerly owned and non-owned locations allegedly resulting from past industrial activity. In a few cases, we are one of several potentially responsible parties ("PRPs”) where we have agreed to jointly fund the required investigation and remediation, while preserving our defenses to the liability. We may also have rights of contribution or reimbursement from other parties or coverage under applicable insurance policies. Estimates of our future liability at the environmental sites are based on evaluations of currently available facts regarding each individual site. We consider factors such as our activities associated with the site, existing technology, presently enacted laws and regulations and prior company experience in remediating contaminated sites. Although current law imposes joint and several liability on all parties at Superfund sites, our contribution to the remediation of these sites is expected to be limited by the number of other companies potentially liable for site remediation. As a result, our estimated liability reflects only our expected share. In determining the probability of contribution, we consider the solvency of other parties, whether liability is being disputed, the terms of any existing agreements and experience with similar matters, and the effect of our Chapter 11 reorganization upon the validity of the claim. Specific Material Events In August 2010, we entered into a Consent Order with the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (“ODEQ”), along with Kaiser Gypsum Company, Inc. (“Kaiser”), and Owens Corning Sales LLC (“OC”), with respect to our St. Helens, Oregon ceilings facility, which was previously owned by Kaiser and then OC. The Consent Order, which replaces a previous order of the ODEQ requiring us to investigate and remediate hazardous substances present at the facility, requires that we and Kaiser complete a remedial investigation and feasibility study (“RI/FS”) on the portion of the site owned by us. The Consent Order further requires us, Kaiser and OC to conduct an RI/FS in the adjacent Scappoose Bay. Our current estimate of our future liability at the site relates to the investigation work required by the Consent Order and to the currently projected cost of possible remedies for certain portions of the site. However, neither the RI/FS for the portion of the property owned by us nor the Scappoose Bay is complete. At this time, we have determined that it is probable that additional corrective action for the portion of the property owned by us will be required. Such corrective action could result in additional costs greater than currently estimated and, consequently, those costs may be material. At this time, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the total costs that we may ultimately incur with respect to the Scappoose Bay, although such amounts may be material. Costs and responsibilities for the RI/FS for certain portions of the St. Helens property owned by us continue to be shared with Kaiser pursuant to an agreement between Kaiser and us. Limited contributions are also being made by ODEQ pursuant to its settlement with OC for OC’s liabilities for the property. Contemporaneously with the execution of the Consent Order, we, Kaiser and OC also entered into a cost allocation agreement for the investigation and possible remediation of the Scappoose Bay. 90 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) has listed two landfills located on a portion of our ceilings facility in Macon, Georgia, along with the former Macon Naval Ordnance Plant landfill adjacent to our property, and portions of Rocky Creek (collectively the “Macon Site”) as a Superfund site on the National Priorities List due to the presence of contaminants, most notably PCBs. In September 2010 we entered into an Administrative Order on Consent for a Removal Action with the EPA to investigate PCB contamination in one of the landfills on our property that is a portion of the Superfund Site. Our current estimate of our future liability includes costs for investigative work that we agreed to perform under the EPA order. Additionally, we will ultimately incur expenses for closure or some form of remedial action with respect to the landfill. While those amounts are not estimable at this time, they may be material. Additionally, it is probable that we will incur field investigation, engineering and oversight costs associated with an RI/FS with respect to the remainder of the Superfund site, including Rocky Creek. We, along with other parties, may also ultimately incur costs in remedying contamination discovered during the RI/FS. At this time, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the amounts we may ultimately incur with respect to those activities, although such amounts may be material. Summary of Financial Position Liabilities of $7.3 million and $8.3 million at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, were recorded for potential environmental liabilities, on a global basis, that we consider probable and for which a reasonable estimate of the probable liability could be made. Where existing data is sufficient to estimate the liability, that estimate has been used; where only a range of probable liabilities is available and no amount within that range is more likely than any other, the lower end of the range has been used. As assessments and remediation activities progress at each site, these liabilities are reviewed to reflect new information as it becomes available. These liabilities are undiscounted. The estimated liabilities above do not take into account any claims for recoveries from insurance or third parties. It is our policy to record probable recoveries that are either available through settlement or anticipated to be recovered through negotiation or litigation as assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. No amounts were recorded for probable recoveries at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Actual costs to be incurred at identified sites may vary from our estimates. Based on our current knowledge of the identified sites, it is not possible to reasonably estimate future costs which may exceed amounts already recognized. CUSTOMS LITIGATION In 2002, we began protesting the classification and 6% duty rate then being applied by the U.S. government on imports of our laminate flooring. After administrative denial of several of these protests, we filed a lawsuit against the United States in the U.S. Court of International Trade (New York), challenging the U.S. government’s classification and duty rate and its administrative denial of our protests. With the agreement of the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), Armstrong’s case was placed on the reserve calendar pending resolution of two test cases challenging the classification and applicable duty rate of similar laminate flooring. The test cases were decided in 2008 by the U.S. Court of International Trade, which found in favor of the U.S. government. The plaintiffs appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. In September 2009 the Court of Appeals reversed the decisions of the Court of International Trade and found that the laminate flooring in the test cases should have been classified differently, and that a 3.2% duty rate should have been applied. Upon expiration of the U.S. government’s period to file notice of further appeals, we filed a stipulation request with the DOJ to stipulate that our case covered imports of laminate flooring which were like goods for which the 3.2% duty rate likewise should apply. After review by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“Customs”), the DOJ agreed to our proposed stipulation, which was approved by the U.S. Court of International Trade in March 2010. The stipulation provided a refund of a portion of duties paid by us on the imported laminate flooring at issue in the case, and further allows us to recover refunds on additional entries of laminate flooring which were properly protested. We have sought refunds on protested imports of laminate flooring from April 2001 through January 2007, when the classification was corrected by statute. We 91 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) received refunds in 2010 of $9.7 million. No significant refunds were received in 2011, and no significant future refunds are anticipated. ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTY PETITION In October 2010, a coalition of U.S. producers of multilayered wood flooring (not including Armstrong) filed antidumping (“AD”) and countervailing duty (“CVD”) petitions regarding multilayered hardwood flooring from China. The AD petition requested that the Department of Commerce impose duties of up to 269% on imports of multilayered hardwood flooring, which it claimed was needed to offset unfair pricing from Chinese imports that injure the U.S. industry. The CVD petition requested an unspecified level of duties be imposed on importers to offset alleged unfair subsidies provided by the Chinese government (such as the undervaluation of the Chinese currency, various tax benefits for foreign-invested enterprises, tax and tariff exemptions on imported equipment, and electricity being provided at artificially low rates). We produce multilayered wood flooring domestically and import multilayered wood flooring from suppliers in China. We also have a plant in China that manufactures multilayered wood flooring for export to the U.S. We are specifically mentioned in the AD and CVD petitions as an importer. Under the U.S. AD and CVD laws, a U.S. importer may be responsible for the payment of any antidumping and countervailing duties. In March 2011, the U.S. Department of Commerce announced its preliminary determination of countervailing duties on imports of engineered wood flooring from China. The preliminary countervailing duty rate applied to shipments from our China plant was 2.25% of import value, which was also the rate that applied to most of the companies that cooperated in the investigation. As a result, U.S. Customs began collecting a cash deposit (or bond) on imports of engineered wood flooring from China at these preliminary rates. This preliminary determination became effective on April 6, 2011. Subsequent to the preliminary determination, the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) determined that the U.S. cannot impose on Chinese producers both countervailing duties and treatment of China as a non- market economy for antidumping purposes. The WTO decision echoed an earlier decision of the U.S. Court of International Trade ("CIT") which raised questions regarding the U.S. practice. The CIT case was appealed, and on December 19, 2011 the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled that countervailing duties can no longer be applied to non-market economy countries such as China. This decision may still be appealed to the Supreme Court, or legislation could be introduced to bring back CVD laws to non-market economy cases. At this time, the specific implications for pending cases such as ours remain unclear. On May 26, 2011, the Department of Commerce announced its preliminary determination of antidumping duties on imports of engineered wood flooring from China. Initially, the duty rate on shipments from our China plant was set at 10.88% of import value. This rate applied to most of the companies that cooperated in the investigation. On June 20, 2011, the Department of Commerce modified its earlier finding and reduced the rate to 6.78%, retroactive to May 26, 2011. As a result, U.S. Customs began collecting a cash deposit (or bond) on imports of engineered wood flooring from China at these preliminary rates. On October 12, 2011, the Department of Commerce announced its final determination for both CVD and AD investigations. The final rates are 1.5% (CVD) and 3.31% (AD). These rates will be retroactive to the dates of the preliminary determinations, and will be credited against the preliminary rates. On November 9, 2011, the International Trade Commission found that imports of multilayered wood flooring from China materially injure, or threaten material injury to, the domestic industry. With this finding, U.S. Customs finalized the means for collecting the AD and CVD duties. A number of appeals have been filed by several parties challenging various aspects of the determinations by both the Department of Commerce and the International Trade Commission. Armstrong will participate in a number of these, and expects some or all of the appeals to be consolidated. Based on the final rates announced by the Department of Commerce, this matter is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. 92 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) DIVESTITURE DISPUTE In 2007 we sold Tapijtfabriek H. Desseaux N.V. and its subsidiaries – the principal operating companies in our European Textile and Sports Flooring business. Certain post completion adjustments specified in the agreement were disputed by the parties after the sale. The matter was referred to an independent expert for a binding determination. In December 2008 a decision was reached with all disputed items awarded in our favor, and payment of $8.0 million was received in January 2009. The purchaser filed an appeal to nullify the independent expert’s decision, and a hearing was held in May 2010. Following the hearing, the court ruled in our favor on all matters in this dispute in July 2010. OTHER CLAIMS We are involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations and other legal matters from time to time that arise in the ordinary course of conducting business, including matters involving our products, intellectual property, relationships with suppliers, distributors, relationships with competitors, employees and other matters. While complete assurance cannot be given to the outcome of these proceedings, we do not currently believe that any of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. NOTE 31. EARNINGS PER SHARE Earnings per share components may not add due to rounding. The following table is a reconciliation of net earnings to net earnings attributable to common shares used in our basic and diluted EPS calculations for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009: Net earnings Net earnings allocated to participating non-vested share awards Net earnings attributable to common shares 2011 $ 112.4 2010 $ 11.0 2009 $ 77.7 (0.8) - (0.4) $ 111.6 $ 11.0 $ 77.3 The following table is a reconciliation of basic shares outstanding to diluted shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009 (shares in millions): Basic shares outstanding Dilutive effect of stock option awards Diluted shares outstanding 2011 2010 2009 58.3 0.5 58.8 57.7 0.5 58.2 56.8 0.2 57.0 Options to purchase 218,765, 259,773 and 1,080,847 shares of common stock were outstanding as of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share, because the options were anti-dilutive. NOTE 32. SPECIAL CASH DIVIDEND On November 23, 2010 our Board of Directors declared a special cash dividend in the amount of $13.74 per share, or $803.3 million in the aggregate. The special cash dividend, $798.6 million, was paid on December 10, 2010 to shareholders of record as of December 3, 2010. The unpaid portion of the dividend, $4.4 million as of December 31, 2011, is reflected in other long term liabilities and will be paid when the underlying employee shares vest. The dividend was funded in part by the proceeds of the term loans remaining after repayment of previous debt and in part with existing cash. 93 Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (dollar amounts in millions) NOTE 33. SUBSEQUENT EVENT In February 2012, our Board of Directors approved the construction of a mineral fiber ceiling plant in Russia. Total capital spending is expected to be approximately $100 million. The spending will be incurred through 2015 with the majority of the spending in 2013. 94 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE Not applicable. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, performed an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”)) as of December 31, 2011. Our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective insofar as they are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. We believe that a controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. Except as described below, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2011 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting. In an effort to make our IT, finance and accounting functions more efficient, increase related capabilities as well as generate cost savings, we began to outsource a significant portion of our IT infrastructure and certain finance and accounting functions to separate third party service providers during the fourth quarter of 2011. In connection with the outsourcing of these functions, the Company performed significant pre- implementation planning, design and testing. The Company continued its oversight and testing during the implementation to ensure the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are incorporated by reference to Item 8. 95 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The information required by Item 10 is incorporated by reference to the sections entitled “Board of Directors -- Director Information,” “Board Committees – Audit Committee and Audit Committee Expert,” “Board Committees - Nominating and Governance Committee,” “Code of Ethics,” “Management” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Company’s proxy statement for its 2012 annual meeting of shareholders to be filed no later than April 30, 2012. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference to the sections entitled “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Compensation Committee Report,” “Summary Compensation Table,” “Grants of Plan-Based Awards,” “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End,” “Option Exercises and Stock Vested,” “Pension Benefits,” “Nonqualified Deferred Compensation,” “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control,” “Board of Directors – Board’s Role in Risk Management Oversight,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Compensation of Directors” in the Company’s proxy statement for its 2012 annual meeting of shareholders to be filed no later than April 30, 2012. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS Except as set forth below, the information required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference to the sections entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners” and “Security Ownership of Management” in the Company’s proxy statement for its 2012 annual meeting of shareholders to be filed no later than April 30, 2012. EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION This table provides information on Armstrong’s equity compensation plans. On June 24, 2011 our shareholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan, resulting in the 2011 Long-Term Incentive plan. The figures in column (a) represent stock options to purchase Armstrong Common Shares granted under the Company’s 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan which are now considered to have been issued under the 2011 Long-Term Incentive plan. The figures in columns (b) and (c) relate to the same Plan. The Common Shares in column (c) have been adjusted to reflect the Common Shares tendered from share tax withholding. All figures are as of December 31, 2011 as specified by SEC regulations. (a) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (b) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (c) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a) 2,024,197 $28.30 3,092,490 0 Not Applicable 0 Equity compensation plans approved by security holders Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Totals 2,024,197 $28.30 3,092,490 96 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference to the sections entitled “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Director Independence” in the Company’s proxy statement for its 2012 annual meeting of shareholders to be filed no later than April 30, 2012. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The information required by Item 14 is incorporated by reference to the sections entitled “Audit Committee Report” and “Relationship with Independent Auditors” in the Company’s proxy statement for its 2012 annual meeting of shareholders to be filed no later than April 30, 2012. 97 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) Listing of Documents PART IV 1. The financial statements and schedule of Armstrong World Industries, Inc. filed as a part of this 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K is listed in the “Index to Financial Statements and Schedules” on Page 37. 2. The financial statements required to be filed pursuant to Item 15 of Form 10-K are: Worthington Armstrong Venture consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009 (filed herewith as Exhibit 99.1). 3. The following exhibits are filed as part of this 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K: Exhibit No. Description 2 3.1 3.2 10.1 Armstrong World Industries, Inc.’s Fourth Amended Plan of Reorganization dated May 23, 2003 (as modified by modifications filed with the Bankruptcy Court on October 17, 2003, November 10, 2003, December 3, 2004 and February 21, 2006) is incorporated by reference from the 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 24, 2006, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 2.3. Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Armstrong World Industries, Inc. is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2006, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 3.1. Bylaws of Armstrong World Industries, Inc. as amended, are incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 6, 2010, wherein they appeared as Exhibit 3.1. Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of November 23, 2010, among the company, the other borrower and guarantors named therein, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, the other lenders party thereto, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as syndication agent, Barclays Bank PLC, as documentation agent, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc. and Barclays Capital, the investment banking division of Barclays Bank, PLC, as co- lead arrangers and joint book makers, is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 24, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.1. 10.2 Amendment No. 1 dated as March 10, 2011 among the Company, the other borrower and the guarantors named therein and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 11, 2011, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.1. 10.3 Amended and Restated Security Agreement dated as of November 23, 2010, by and among the Company, the grantors named therein and Bank of America, N.A., as collateral agent, is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 24, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.2. 10.4 Amended and Restated Pledge Agreement dated as of November 23, 2010, by and among the Company, the pledgors named therein and Bank of America, N.A., as collateral agent, is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 24, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.3. 98 10.5 Amended and Restated Canadian Pledge Agreement dated as of November 23, 2010, by and among the Company and Bank of America, N.A., as collateral agent, incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 24, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.4. 10.6 Equitable Mortgage of Shares dated February 12, 2007, between the Company and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, is incorporated by reference on from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 24, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.5. 10.7 Receivables Purchase Agreement dated as of December 10, 2010, by and among the Company, as initial servicer and collection agent, Armstrong Receivables Company LLC, as seller, Atlantic Asset Securitization LLC, as conduit purchaser, and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, as administrative agent, an issuer of letters of credit and related committed purchaser, is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 14, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.1. 10.8 Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of December 10, 2010, by and among the Company, as originator and as initial servicer, Armstrong Hardwood Flooring Company, as originator, and Armstrong Receivables Company LLC, is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 14, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.2. 10.9 Omnibus Amendment to Receivables Purchase Agreement and Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of August 1, 2011, by and among the Company, Armstrong Receivables Company LLC, Armstrong Hardwood Flooring Company, Atlantic Asset Securitization LLC, and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank.† 10.10 Second Omnibus Amendment to Receivables Purchase Agreement and Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of December 21, 2011, by and among the Company, Armstrong Receivables Company LLC, as seller, Armstrong Hardwood Flooring Company, as originator, Atlantic Asset Securitization LLC, as resigning conduit purchaser, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, as resigning administrative agent, resigning related committed purchaser and resigning LC bank, The Bank of Nova Scotia, as successor administrative agent, successor related committed purchaser and successor LC bank, and Liberty Street Funding LLC, as successor conduit purchaser.† 10.11 Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Asbestos Personal Injury Settlement Trust Agreement dated as of October 2, 2006, by and among Armstrong World Industries, Inc. and trustees, is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2006, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.2. 10.12 Stockholder and Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 2, 2006, by and between Armstrong World Industries, Inc. and the Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Asbestos Personal Injury Settlement Trust is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2006, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.3. 10.13 Stipulation and Agreement with Respect to Claims of Armstrong Holdings, Inc. and Armstrong Worldwide, Inc.; and Motion for Order Approving Stipulation and Agreement are incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2007, wherein they appeared as Exhibits 99.2 and 99.3, respectively. 99 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 Non-Disclosure Agreement, dated July 30, 2009, between Armstrong World Industries, Inc. and TPG Capital, L.P. is incorporated by reference from the Schedule 13D filed by TPG Advisors VI, Inc., TPG Advisors V, Inc., David Bonderman and James G. Coulter on August 11, 2009, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 3. Undertaking Letter from TPG Capital L.P., dated August 10, 2009, to Armstrong World Industries, Inc. is incorporated by reference from the Schedule 14D-9 filed by Armstrong World Industries, Inc. on September 15, 2009, wherein it appeared as Exhibit (e)(4). Management Achievement Plan for Key Executives, effective as of November 28, 1983, as amended April 30, 2007, December 8, 2008, and June 24, 2011, is incorporated by reference to Armstrong World Industries, Inc.’s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A for the Armstrong World Industries, Inc. 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on June 24, 2011, filed on April 28, 2011, wherein it appeared as Exhibit B.* 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended February 23, 2009, is incorporated by reference from the 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 26, 2009, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.13.* Form of Stock Option Agreement under 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2006, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.5.* Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2006, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.6.* Form of restricted stock and/or option award under 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan notice of is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2006, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.7.* 10.21 Form of restricted stock award under the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference from the 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 29, 2008, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.35.* 10.22 10.23 Form of stock option award under the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008, filed on May 1, 2008, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.37.* Stock option award under the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan to Thomas B. Mangas is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 6, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.1.* 10.24 Form of stock option award under the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan used in connection with awards to Messrs. McNamara and Ready is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 6, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.2.* 10.25 Stock option and performance restricted stock unit awards under the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan to Donald R. Maier dated September 7, 2010.*† 10.26 Form of stock option and restricted stock unit award under the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan used in connection with awards to Messrs. Kane and Grizzle in connection with new hire grants.*† 100 10.27 Forms of stock option and performance restricted stock unit awards under the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan used in connection with March 2011 grants to officers (except Donald R. Maier) and new hire grant for Mark A. Hershey.*† 10.28 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan, effective as of June 24, 2011, is incorporated by reference to Armstrong World Industries, Inc.’s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A for the Armstrong World Industries, Inc 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on June 24, 2011 filed on April 28, 2011, wherein it appeared as Exhibit A.* 10.29 Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan effective January 2005, as amended July 23, 2010, is incorporated by reference from the 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 28, 2011, wherein in appeared as Exhibit 10.4.* 10.30 Bonus Replacement Retirement Plan, effective as of January 1, 1998, as amended January 1, 2007, is incorporated by reference from the 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 29, 2008, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.9.* 10.31 Retirement Benefit Equity Plan, effective January 1, 2005, as amended October 29, 2007 and December 8, 2008, is incorporated by reference from the 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 26, 2009, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.2.* 10.32 2006 Phantom Stock Unit Plan, as amended December 8, 2008, is incorporated by reference from the 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 26, 2009, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.18.* 10.33 2006 Phantom Stock Unit Agreement is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 26, 2006, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.3. A Schedule of Participating Directors is incorporated by reference from the 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 30, 2007, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.36.* 10.34 2007 Award under the 2006 Phantom Stock Unit Agreement and the Schedule of Participating Directors are incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 23, 2007, wherein they appeared as Exhibits 10.1 and 10.2, respectively. * 10.35 Schedule of Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Nonemployee Directors Compensation Summary is incorporated by reference from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010, filed on August 6, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.5.* 10.36 10.37 10.38 Schedule of Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Nonemployee Directors Compensation Summary is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 13, 2011, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 99.1.* The 2008 Directors Stock Unit Plan, as amended December 8, 2008, November 30, 2010 and June 24, 2011 is incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8- K filed on June 13, 2011, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 99.2.* Form of 2009 Award under the 2008 Director Stock Unit Plan is incorporated by reference from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009, filed on October 28, 2009, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.27. A schedule of Participating Directors to the 2009 Award under the 2009 Directors Stock Unit Plan is incorporated by reference from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009, filed on October 28, 2009, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.28* 101 10.39 Form of 2010 Award under the 2008 Directors Stock Unit Plan is incorporated by reference from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009, filed on October 28, 2009, wherein appeared as Exhibit 10.27. A schedule of Participating Directors to the 2010 Award under the 2008 Directors Stock Unit Plan is incorporated by reference from the 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 28, 2011, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.37.* 10.40 Form of 2011 Award under the 2008 Directors Stock Unit Plan and schedule of Participating Directors to the 2011 Award.*† 10.41 10.42 10.43 10.44 Employment Agreement with Matthew J. Espe dated June 24, 2010 is incorporated by reference from the Current Report filed on Form 8-K filed on June 25, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.1.* Offer Letter to Thomas B. Mangas dated December 23, 2009, is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 8, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 99.2.* Letter to Frank J. Ready dated January 8, 2010, incorporated by reference from the 2009 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 26, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.32.* Offer Letter to Victor D. Grizzle dated January 4, 2011, is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 10, 2011, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 99.2.* 10.45 Offer Letter to Thomas M. Kane dated August 14, 2010.*† 10.46 Offer Letter to Mark A. Hershey dated April 21, 2011, is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 27, 2011, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 99.1.* 10.47 Change in control agreement with Matthew J. Espe dated June 24, 2010 is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 25, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.2.* 10.48 Form of change in control agreement with Victor D. Grizzle, Mark A. Hershey, Thomas M. Kane, Donald R. Maier, Thomas B. Mangas, and Stephen F. McNamara is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 6, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.1.* 10.49 10.50 11 12 Form of Indemnification Agreement for Officers and Directors of Armstrong World Industries, Inc. is incorporated by reference from the Report on Form 8-K filed on June 4, 2010, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.1. A Schedule of Participating Officers and Directors is filed with this Report as Exhibit 10.50. Separation Agreement with Jeffrey D. Nickel, dated as of April 7, 2011, is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 7, 2011, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 10.1. Computation of Earnings Per Share.† Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.† 102 14 21 23.1 23.2 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 99.1 99.2 The Armstrong Code of Business Conduct, revised as of July 29, 2011, is incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 1, 2011, wherein it appeared as Exhibit 14.1. Armstrong World Industries, Inc.’s Subsidiaries.† Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.† Consent of Independent Auditors.† Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act. Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act. Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (furnished herewith). Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (furnished herewith). Worthington Armstrong Venture consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.† Shareholders’ Agreement, dated as of August 28, 2009, by and among Armor TPG Holdings LLC and Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Asbestos Personal Injury Settlement Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(3) of the Schedule TO filed on September 3, 2009, by TPG Advisors VI, Inc., Armor TPG Holdings LLC and others with respect to Armstrong World Industries, Inc.). 101 Interactive Data Files * Management Contract or Compensatory Plan. † Filed herewith. 103 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES ARMSTRONG WORLD INDUSTRIES, INC. (Registrant) By: /s/ Matthew J. Espe Chief Executive Officer and President Date: February 27, 2012 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant Armstrong and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Directors and Principal Officers of the registrant AWI: Name Matthew J. Espe Thomas B. Mangas Stephen F. McNamara Stanley A. Askren David Bonderman Kevin R. Burns James J. Gaffney Tao Huang Michael F. Johnston Larry S. McWilliams James C. Melville James J. O’Connor John J. Roberts Richard E. Wenz Title Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer) Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director By: /s/ Matthew J. Espe (Matthew J. Espe) As of February 27, 2012 By: /s/ Thomas B. Mangas (Thomas B. Mangas) As of February 27, 2012 By: /s/ Stephen F. McNamara (Stephen F. McNamara) As of February 27, 2012 104 SCHEDULE II Armstrong World Industries, Inc., and Subsidiaries Valuation and Qualifying Reserves of Accounts Receivable (dollar amounts in millions) Provision for Losses Balance at beginning of year Additions charged to earnings Deductions Divestitures Balance at end of year Provision for Discounts and Warranties Balance at beginning of year Additions charged to earnings Deductions Balance at end of year 2011 2010 2009 $ 9.3 6.7 (7.7) 0.2 $ 8.5 $ 33.8 168.0 (169.9) $ 31.9 $ 10.5 7.3 (8.0) (0.5) $ 9.3 $ 37.8 171.2 (175.2) $ 33.8 $ 10.8 7.8 (8.1) - $ 10.5 $ 43.7 182.0 (187.9) $ 37.8 I, Matthew J. Espe, certify that: 1) I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Armstrong World Industries, Inc.; 2) Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4) The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5) The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting. Date: February 27, 2012 /s/ Matthew J. Espe Matthew J. Espe Chief Executive Officer and President I, Thomas B. Mangas, certify that: 1) I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Armstrong World Industries, Inc.; 2) Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4) The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5) The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting. Date: February 27, 2012 /s/ Thomas B. Mangas Thomas B. Mangas Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. I certify to the best of my knowledge and belief that the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Armstrong World Industries, Inc (the “Company”) containing its financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended, and that information contained in that report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of that date. /s/ Matthew J. Espe Matthew J. Espe Chief Executive Officer and President Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Dated: February 27, 2012 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. I certify to the best of my knowledge and belief that the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (the “Company’) containing its financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended, and that information contained in that report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of that date. /s/ Thomas B. Mangas____ Thomas B. Mangas Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Dated: February 27, 2012 [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] CORPORATE INFORMATION COMPANY PROFILE ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS Armstrong World Industries, Inc. is a global leader in the design and manufacture of floors, ceilings and cabinets. In 2011, Armstrong's consolidated net sales totaled approximately $2.9 billion. Based in Lancaster, PA, Armstrong operates 32 plants in eight countries and has approximately 9,100 employees worldwide. Established in 1860, Armstrong celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2010. INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM KPMG LLP Philadelphia, PA CORPORATE OFFICES / INFORMATION Armstrong World Industries, Inc. 2500 Columbia Avenue Lancaster, PA 17603 Additional information about Armstrong is available without charge to shareholders by directing a request to Investor Relations: Thomas J. Waters, tjwaters@armstrong.com Corporate Website: http://www.armstrong.com For Investors: 717.396.6354 For News media: 866.321.6677 Mailing Address: Armstrong World Industries, Inc. P.O. Box 3001 Lancaster, PA 17604-3001 STOCK LISTING Armstrong’s shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol AWI. TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR American Stock Transfer & Trust Company 6201 15th Avenue Brooklyn, NY 11219 www.amstock.com The 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Armstrong World Industries, Inc. will be held at Armstrong’s corporate offices on June 22, 2012 at 8:00 a.m. CERTIFICATIONS The certifications of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as exhibits to our Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, in 2011 our Chief Executive Officer provided the required annual certification to the New York Stock Exchange. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Certain information in this report and in our other public documents and comments contain forward- looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Those statements provide our future expectations or forecasts and can be identified by our use of words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “outlook,” and other words or phrases of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance. Forward-looking statements, by their nature, address matters that are uncertain and involve risks because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. A more detailed discussion of the risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected, anticipated or implied is included in the “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” sections of our recent reports on Forms 10-K and 10-Q filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. As a result, our actual results may differ materially from our expected results and from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward- looking statements beyond what is required under applicable securities law. MANAGEMENT Matthew J. Espe CEO and President Thomas B. Mangas Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Frank J. Ready Executive Vice President & CEO, Armstrong Floor Products Victor D. Grizzle Executive Vice President & CEO, Armstrong Building Products Donald R. Maier Senior Vice President, Global Operations Excellence Mark A. Hershey Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer and Secretary Thomas M. Kane Senior Vice President, Human Resources and Government Relations Stephen F. McNamara Vice President and Controller 2011 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Stan A. Askren(2) Chairman of the Board, President and CEO of HNI Corporation David Bonderman Founding Partner, TPG Kevin R. Burns Partner-in-Charge, Manufacturing/Industry Sector, Operations Group, TPG Matthew J. Espe CEO and President, Armstrong World Industries, Inc. James J. Gaffney(2)(3) Former Consultant to GS Capital Partners, II, LP and former Chairman of the Board and CEO of General Aquatics, Inc. Tao Huang(1) Former Chief Operating Officer, Morningstar Michael F. Johnston Former Chairman of the Board, CEO and President, Visteon Corporation Larry S. McWilliams(1)(2) President and CEO, Keystone Foods James J. O’Connor, Chairman(3) Former Chairman of the Board and CEO of Unicom Corporation John J. Roberts(1)(3) Former Global Managing Partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers Richard E. Wenz Former Chief Executive Officer, Jenny Craig International Audit Committee (1) (2) Management Development and Compensation (3) Committee Nominating and Governance Committee 

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