Quarterlytics / Industrials / Agricultural - Machinery / Astec Industries, Inc.

Astec Industries, Inc.

aste · NASDAQ Industrials
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Ticker aste
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Industrials
Industry Agricultural - Machinery
Employees 4148
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FY2023 Annual Report · Astec Industries, Inc.
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ASPHALT

CONCRETE

CRUSHING

INDUSTRIAL  HEATING SYSTEMS

MATERIAL HANDLING

ROAD CONSTRUCTION

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RECYCLING

MOBILE CRUSHING AND SCREENING

ROCK BREAKER TECHNOLOGY

SCREENS AND FEEDERS

WASHING AND CLASSIFYING 

SERVICE AND CONSTRUCTION

ASTEC DIGITAL

TRAINING

PARTS

About the Company 

Astec is a leading manufacturer of equipment for asphalt road building, 
aggregate processing, concrete production and environmental recycling. 
Products include rock crushing and screening plants, hot mix asphalt 
facilities, concrete plants, milling machines, asphalt pavers, material transfer 
vehicles and horizontal grinding equipment.

Core Values

At A Glance

*As of February 23, 2024

Headquarters
Chattanooga, TN, USA

Employees
 ~4,300

2023 ANNUAL REPORT

1

OUR VISION

We are committed to pushing boundaries and redefining what’s 
possible for our team members, customers, and communities. 
In 2023, we launched a new vision statement that reflects this 
renewed focus on innovation with impact. 

To build industry changing solutions that 
provide life-changing opportunities.

Market-cap
~$800 Million

Stock Symbol
NASDAQ: ASTE

At Astec, we strive to be a company where vision becomes 
reality, and every solution is a pathway to change lives.

Core Values

SAFETY

INTEGRITY

DEVOTION

RESPECT

INNOVATION

Rock to Road™  
Value Chain 

Astec offers a full line of high-quality products to facilitate 
construction from Rock to Road. 
This allows customers to choose the equipment and parts 
they need from one trusted source. 
OneAstec makes the purchasing process easier while 
providing greater value to the customer.

INFRASTRUCTURE
SOLUTIONS

MATERIALS
SOLUTIONS

Asphalt and Concrete 
Plants, Industrial Heating, 
Construction Machinery

Crushing and Screening 
for Raw Materials

2

ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.

Performance at a Glance Data    

(in millions, except amounts per share)

CONSOLIDATED NET SALES 

$1,338.2  

 $1,274.5  

 $1,095.5 

Year Ended 
December 31, 2023 

Year Ended 
December 31, 2022 

Year Ended 
December 31, 2021

SEGMENT NET SALES: 

Infrastructure Solutions 
Materials Solutions 
Corporate and Other 
TOTAL CONSOLIDATED NET SALES 

SALES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION: 

United States 
Canada 
Australia and Oceania 
Africa 
Europe 
Brazil 
South America (Excluding Brazil) 
Asia 
Mexico 
Central America (Excluding Mexico) 
Other 
TOTAL FOREIGN 
TOTAL CONSOLIDATED NET SALES 

DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE 

DIVIDEND PAID PER SHARE 

Q1 
Q2 
Q3 
Q4 
TOTAL 

 878.8  
 450.0  
 9.4  
 $1,338.2  

 1,083.4  
 58.5  
 55.7  
 36.6  
 28.7  
 27.0  
 19.8  
 8.6  
 8.4  
 4.1  
 7.4  
$254.8  
 $1,338.2  

 $1.47  

 0.13  
 0.13  
 0.13  
 0.13  
$0.52  

 847.4  
 422.7  
 4.4  
 $1,274.5  

 1,014.3  
 63.0  
 46.7  
 36.1  
 31.0  
 24.8  
 20.0  
 13.6  
 10.7  
 10.7  
 3.6  
 $260.2  
 $1,274.5  

 0.12  
 0.12  
 0.12  
 0.13  
 $0.49  

 743.4 
 352.1 
 -  
 $1,095.5 

 842.1 
 68.1 
 43.4 
 33.9 
 38.9 
 21.5 
 15.2 
 10.8 
 13.5 
 3.9 
 4.2 
 $253.4 
 $1,095.5 

 $0.69 

 0.11 
 0.11 
 0.11 
 0.12 
$ 0.45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
2023 ANNUAL REPORT

3

A Message 
from the CEO

JACO VAN DER MERWE     PRESIDENT AND CEO

Dear Fellow Shareholders
As we reflect on the past year, it is evident 
that 2023 was an incredible journey for 
Astec. From developing an inspiring new 
vision statement, to launching new innovative 
products, and crafting a solid strategic 
roadmap, each milestone reflects our 
dedication to building a future that delivers 
value to our stakeholders. 

At the core of it all is our renewed vision– 
to build industry changing solutions that 
create life-changing opportunities. This 
vision inspires us to push the boundaries of 
innovation, driving positive change for our 
employees, customers, and communities. 

Our Purpose – Built to Connect – drives 
everything we do. It was our guiding 
principle as we launched major projects 
to unify our team, expand our operations, 
and improve our operational excellence. 
We are committed to fostering employee 
engagement, prioritizing customer 
satisfaction, and innovating to deliver 
solutions that exceed customer expectations. 

4

ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.

66%
Infrastructure
Solutions

33%
Materials 
Solutions

2023 
NET SALES 
BY SEGMENT

1%
Corporate 
and Other

81%
Domestic

19%
International

2023 
NET SALES 
BY GEOGRAPHY

1.3

1.3

1.1

1.0

2023

2022

2021

2020

CONSOLIDATED NET SALES
(IN BILLIONS)

ENGAGED EMPLOYEES 
Our commitment to investing in our greatest 
asset – our people – remains our top priority. 
Through the launch of several programs, including 
a new leadership development initiative, self-
service Human Resources with Oracle Human 
Capital Management, and the implementation 
of progressive Human Resource benefits, like 
comprehensive parental leave, we’ve empowered 
our workforce to thrive in an environment that values 
growth and inclusivity. 

CUSTOMER FOCUSED 
Our customer focused transformation progressed 
significantly, represented by the rollout of Oracle 
Enterprise Resource Planning and Customer 
Experience across various sites. These systems 
position us for sustained growth and improved 
customer satisfaction. Streamlining our leadership 
team was also a pivotal step in our commitment 
to optimizing the customer experience. This 
realignment of resources allowed us to foster agility, 
collaboration, and increase customer-focus at all 
levels of the organization.  

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS 
Innovation continues to be a cornerstone of our 
success. Our team is constantly striving to create 
solutions that not only reduce the environmental 
impact but also remain cost-effective for our 
customers. Our inaugural Corporate Sustainability 
Report underscores our commitment to transparency 
and accountability, and our participation in high-
profile events like the Celebration of Construction in 
Washington D.C. exemplify our industry leadership 
and advocacy for sustainable practices. Our new 
innovative products including the Astec 9400P Fines 
Recovery Plant, Roadtec RP-195 Paver, Peterson 
5710E Horizontal Grinder and our soon to be 
released Astec ReMix CCPR system, are evidence 
of our commitment to build industry changing 
solutions that serve our customer’s needs.  

2023 ANNUAL REPORT

5

THE ROAD AHEAD 
In closing, I am incredibly proud of what we’ve 
accomplished together and look forward to the 
road ahead. Our journey is marked by resilience, 
innovation, and a shared commitment to excellence. 
With strong demand both in the U.S. and abroad, 
coupled with our diverse product lineup, spanning 
Rock to Road, forestry, environmental recycling, 
and industrial heating, I’m confident that Astec will 
continue to create value for our team, our customers, 
and our shareholders.
and our shareholders.

Jaco van der Merwe 
President and CEO Astec Industries, Inc. 

6

ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.

Providing Digital 
Providing Digital 
Solutions for 
Our Customers
Our Customers

Astec Digital is a new business unit within 
Astec Digital is a new business unit within 
Astec Industries, dedicated to providing 
innovative solutions for the Rock to Road 
innovative solutions for the Rock to Road 
value chain. Our vision is to create a 
OneAstec connected ecosystem across 
various domains, including asphalt, 
concrete, aggregate, and other fixed/
moving equipment controls and telematics.
moving equipment controls and telematics.

Astec Digital’s journey began 
with the acquisition of Grathwol 
Automation (Grathwol), incorporating 
their telematics platforms. It further 
expanded through the acquisition 
of MINDS Automation Group Inc. 
(MINDS), which brought connected 
industrial automation solutions into 
the fold. By uniting existing control 
technology products from Astec 
Controls, MINDS, and Grathwol, 
we aim to create a cohesive and 
comprehensive solution for our 

customers. This integrated approach 
will provide them with greater insight 
into their operations and our products 
than ever before.

Our focus extends beyond the present. 
We’re building a universal, cloud-
based data platform that enables us to 
leverage new and existing technologies 
such as Digital Twins, Machine 
Learning, and Artificial Intelligence. 

Additionally, our existing robotics 
technology, including the SiloBot 
inspection robot, opens up 
new avenues for us to better serve 
our customers.

In summary, Astec Digital is at 
the forefront of transforming the 
construction and road-building 
industry by harnessing technology 
and connectivity.

Corporate
Sustainability Report
Sustainability Report

We are proud to formalize our ESG actions and commitments 
We are proud to formalize our ESG actions and commitments 
within Astec’s first Corporate Sustainability Report. 

Although we have practiced environmental and 
social responsibility for years, we have established internal 
social responsibility for years, we have established internal 
processes for evaluating our progress. 

As OneAstec, we are pleased to highlight our accomplishments 
As OneAstec, we are pleased to highlight our accomplishments 
thus far along with our evolving ESG strategy. 

2023 ANNUAL REPORT

7

New Products and Features 
in our Rock to Road™ Value Chain 
in our Rock to Road  Value Chain 

We are committed to delivering innovative, high-quality products 
We are committed to delivering innovative, high-quality products 
that deliver value for our customers. 
that deliver value for our customers. 

9400P Fines Recovery Plant
9400P Fines Recovery Plant

Astec series 9000 products are custom-engineered and 
Astec series 9000 products are custom-engineered and 
built for each application, ensuring equipment performs 
built for each application, ensuring equipment performs 
as intended from initial commissioning through its 
as intended from initial commissioning through its 
production life. Unlike some manufacturers, 
production life. Unlike some manufacturers, 
we focus on building customized systems 
we focus on building customized systems 
that deliver the highest return for the 
that deliver the highest return for the 
producer. The 9400 plants reduce fine 
The 9400 plants reduce fine 
material going to settlement ponds, so they 
material going to settlement ponds, so they 
do not have to be cleaned out as often which is 
do not have to be cleaned out as often which is 
a costly and time-consuming task. The 9400 plants 
a costly and time-consuming task. The 9400 plants 
include a dewatering screen, cyclone, slurry pump, 
include a dewatering screen, cyclone, slurry pump, 
and custom-engineered chassis or skid-mounted 
and custom-engineered chassis or skid-mounted 
support structure.

SMALL FOOTPRINT
9400 plants allow producers to operate within a smaller 
footprint, eliminating the need to take up valuable space with 
settling ponds. These plants are easy to set up and operate.  

REQUIRES LESS WATER
The unique geometry and design of these cyclones allows the 
feed stream to enter the feed chamber with less water than 
traditional designs. 

APPLICATION FLEXIBILITY
Applications may include production of specialty sands such 
as frac sand, foundry sand, glass sand or golf course sands, 
fines recovery and removal of deleterious material such as 
lignite (coal) or organics from an otherwise-acceptable sand 
product. We offer different models ranging from 
150 tph – 400 tph.

8

ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.

PTSC2818VM Portable Screen Plant 
Astec portable screening plants are engineered to provide higher production capacities and more efficient 
sizing compared to competitive screens. Astec screening plants help producers succeed in a variety of 
markets including recycling, aggregate, sand and gravel, mining, biomass and industrial materials. The 
PTSC2818VM portable screen plant comes with an 8x18 two deck high frequency screen that helps 
producers to be more efficient and productive in their screening applications. 

APPLICATION FLEXIBILITY:
This High Frequency screening 
plant is the biggest in the industry 
(8ft. wide) and helps producers 
in fine screening applications to 
be more productive and efficient.  
It can be used in a variety of 
tough dry screening applications 
to help remove fines and clean 
products up.  

TECHNOLOGY:  
The vibration is induced 
directly into the screen media 
for increased stratification 
and material separation vs. 
conventional inclined screen 
plants so it gives you more 
screening action (higher G-force). 

BLENDING CAPABILITIES:
Industry-leading blending 
capabilities allow for the 
production of many different 
product specifications, 
offering exceptional flexibility 
and performance.

2023 ANNUAL REPORT

9

Peterson 5710E Horizontal Grinder
The Peterson 5710E horizontal grinder is the newest tracked horizontal 
grinder in the Astec line.

The 5710E is designed for high-volume producers who require 
frequent moves among sites. The 5710E features a ground fuel option, 
improved approach angles, a 4,515 square-inch screening area and 
an 8% larger rotor with more bits. The machine weight is also lighter 
than its predecessors.

OPTIONAL Transport DOLLY

The Peterson transport dolly is 100% 
redesigned and can be attached
for transportation in minutes. The dolly 
eliminates the costs of a low-boy trailer.

10

ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.

 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

ReMix CCPR System

INTRODUCED AT THE WORLD OF ASPHALT  2024

The ReMix plant is Astec’s solution for 
producing CCPR (Cold Central Plant 
Recycle). This modular plant solution creates 
an innovative mix design using 90%+ 
recycled asphalt produced at  
ambient temperatures. 

Roadtec RP-195F Paver
The Roadtec RP-195F paver is a powerful, 
rubber track highway class paver made for 
large job applications. The paver features 
a redesigned fully oscillating track frame to 
provide a smooth ride with excellent floatation 
and traction. Our exclusive anti-segregation 
design of the material feed system provides 
unparalleled material handling for best-in-class 
production throughput and material flow. An 
updated modern design and controls provide 
for an overall greater operator experience. 
The dual operator stations pivot hydraulically 
beyond the sides of the machine to provide 
a full line of sight around the paver for safety 
and an unobstructed view.

Executive Leadership Team

2023 ANNUAL REPORT  

11

Jaco van der Merwe 
President and Chief Executive Officer

Becky Weyenberg
Chief Financial Officer 

Ben Snyman
Group President
Infrastructure Solutions Group

Michael Norris
Group President
Materials Solutions Group

Steve Anderson
SVP of Administration,
Investor Relations and Secretary

Aletheia Silcott
Global Vice President and  
Head of Human Resources

12

ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.

Board of Directors

William D. Gehl  
Chairman of Freightcar America,  
Chairman of IBD Southeast Wisconsin, 
Chairman of the Board (3)

James B. Baker 
Managing Partner of River Associates 
Investments, LLC (1)

Tracey H. Cook 
VP, Strategic Human Resources Business 
Partner, Fluor Corporation  
(1#,2)

Mark J.  Gliebe 
Former Chairman and CEO,  
Regal Beloit Corporation (1,2) 

Mary L. Howell  
Founder and CEO, Howell Strategy Group 
(3#)

Jeffrey T. Jackson 
President and CEO, PGT  
Innovations, Inc.(2)

Nalin Jain
Group President, Digital Electronics, 
Wabtec Corporation (1,3)

Linda I. Knoll 
Former Senior Executive for  
Fiat Chrysler Automotive  
and CNH Industrial (2#,3)

Patrick S. Shannon  
Former Chief Financial  
Officer, Allegion (1)

Jaco van der Merwe 
President and Chief Executive Officer, 
Astec Industries, Inc.

James Winford
President of Prairie Contractors, LLC (3)

(1) Audit Committee  •  (2) Compensation Committee  •  (3) Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee • (#) Chairperson Position

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File Number: 001-11595

Astec Industries, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Tennessee
State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization

62-0873631
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1725 Shepherd Road
Chattanooga, TN
(Address of principal executive offices)

37421
(Zip Code)

(423) 899-5898
Registrant's telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Common Stock

Trading Symbol(s)

ASTE

Name of each exchange on which 
registered
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate  by  check  mark  if  the  registrant  is  a  well-known  seasoned  issuer,  as  defined  in  Rule  405  of  the  Securities Act. Yes ☒
No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. 
Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such 
reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted 
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period 
that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller 
reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller 
reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated Filer ☐
Smaller Reporting Company ☐
Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for 
complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  has  filed  a  report  on  and  attestation  to  its  management's  assessment  of  the 
effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) 
by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the 
registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate  by  checkmark  whether  any  of  those  error  corrections  are  restatements  that  required  a  recovery  analysis  of  incentive-
based  compensation  received  by  any  of  the  registrant's  executive  officers  during  the  relevant  recovery  period  pursuant  to 
§240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of June 30, 2023, the aggregate market value of the registrant's voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of 
the registrant was approximately $717.3 million based upon the closing sales price as reported on the Nasdaq National Market 
System.

As of February 23, 2024, there were 22,743,379 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days 
after the end of the registrant's fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K where indicated.

ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.
Index to Annual Report on Form 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023

PART I

Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Cybersecurity
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures

PART II
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of 
Equity Securities
[Reserved]
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

PART III

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder 
Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 1C.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.

Item 5.

Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.

Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.

Item 13.
Item 14.

Item 15.
Item 16.
SIGNATURES

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary

PART IV

Page

2
11
19
19
20
21
21

22

23
23
34
35
77
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(This page has been left blank intentionally.) 

GENERAL

Unless  otherwise  indicated  by  the  context,  all  references  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  to  "we,"  "us,"  "our,"  or  the 
"Company" refer to Astec Industries, Inc. and our subsidiaries. References to "Parent Company" in this Annual Report on Form 
10-K refer to Astec Industries, Inc. only.

Except when discussing competitors and their products herein, the trademarks and trade names used in this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K are the property of Astec Industries, Inc. or its subsidiaries, as the case may be.

TRADEMARKS AND TRADE NAMES

SAFE HARBOR STATEMENTS UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995

This Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K,  particularly  "Management's  Discussion  and Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of 
Operations," contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements relate to, among 
other things, income, earnings, cash flows, changes in operations, operating improvements, businesses in which we operate and 
the  United  States  and  global  economies.  Statements  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  that  are  not  historical  are  hereby 
identified as "forward-looking statements" and may be indicated by words or phrases such as "anticipates," "supports," "plans," 
"projects,"  "expects,"  "believes,"  "should,"  "would,"  "could,"  "forecast,"  "management  is  of  the  opinion,"  use  of  the  future  tense 
and similar words or phrases.

These  forward-looking  statements  are  based  largely  on  management's  expectations,  which  are  subject  to  a  number  of  known 
and  unknown  risks,  uncertainties  and  other  factors  discussed  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K,  including  those  risks 
described  in  Part  I,  Item  1A.  Risk  Factors  hereof,  and  in  other  documents  filed  by  us  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission, which may cause actual results, financial or otherwise, to be materially different from those anticipated, expressed 
or implied by the forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information 
available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements to reflect future 
events or circumstances, except as required by law.

1

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Our Company

PART I

We design, engineer, manufacture, market and service equipment and components used primarily in asphalt and concrete road 
building and related construction activities, as well as other products discussed below. Our products are used in each phase of 
road building, from quarrying and crushing the aggregate to application of the road surface. We also offer industrial automation 
controls and telematics platforms as well as manufacturing certain equipment and components unrelated to road construction, 
including equipment for the mining, quarrying, construction, demolition, land clearing and recycling industries and port and rail 
yard operators; industrial heat transfer equipment; commercial whole-tree pulpwood chippers; horizontal grinders; blower trucks; 
commercial and industrial burners; and combustion control systems.

Our products are marketed both domestically and internationally primarily to asphalt and concrete producers; highway and heavy 
equipment contractors; utility contractors; sand and gravel producers; construction, demolition, recycle and crushing contractors; 
forestry and environmental recycling contractors; mine and quarry operators; port and inland terminal authorities; power stations 
and domestic and foreign government agencies. In addition to equipment sales, we manufacture and sell replacement parts for 
equipment  in  each  of  our  product  lines  and  replacement  parts  for  some  competitors'  equipment.  The  distribution  and  sale  of 
replacement parts is an integral part of our business.

Corporate Strategic Objectives

In  late  2023,  management  refreshed  our  OneASTEC  Vision:  To  build  industry  changing  solutions  that  create  life-changing 
opportunities. Our strategic pillars are aligned to support our Vision and are focused on our employees, our customers and our 
innovation.

Empowered, Enabled and Engaged Employees

We strive to develop empowered, enabled and engaged employees by providing competitive compensation and benefits, offering 
professional  and  technical  skills  development  opportunities  and  maintaining  a  focus  on  safety.  In  addition,  we  leverage  the 
following initiatives, among others, to enhance our employee experience:

•

•
•
•

Reinforcing  our  OneASTEC  business  model  through  development  of  common  platforms  to  unite  and  strengthen  the 
integration of our global business.
Establishing a performance culture through consistent execution with a focus on our OneASTEC operating model.
Streamlining operational excellence processes that embed continuous improvement into our manufacturing processes.
Providing life changing learning and development opportunities.

Customer Focused

We believe that a strong focus on customers across the Astec organization drives our Vision. Specific actions we are taking to 
strengthen and maintain our focus on our customers include:

•

•

•

•

•

Strengthening  our  capabilities  to  deliver  an  enhanced  aftermarket  experience  that  best  meets  our  customers'  needs 
while creating scalable growth.
Driving commercial and operational excellence and providing innovative solutions to strengthen our relationships with 
customers and dealers while maintaining our market leadership positions.
Simplifying  our  product  offerings  and  production  processes  through  the  development  of  a  rationalized  global  product 
portfolio executed through manufacturing centers of excellence.
Identifying  opportunities  to  strengthen  our  global  presence  in  attractive  new  markets,  supplement  our  current  product 
offerings or accelerate technologies or other enhancements that leverage our existing product portfolio to better meet 
our customers' needs either through strategic acquisition, partnerships or organic growth.
Enhancing quality, parts availability and customer connectivity through Astec Digital.

Industry Changing Innovation

We  have  a  legacy  of  industry  changing  innovation  that  has  been  instrumental  to  our  success  for  over  50  years.  We  are 
continuing to build on that legacy by:

•
•

Focusing on innovation with a new product development approach that increases our market competitiveness over time.
Leveraging  technology  and  digital  connectivity  to  enhance  the  customer  experience  through  controls  and  automation 
and other technologies.

2

•

Developing  the Astec  Digital  Ecosystem  to  enable  customers  to  leverage  our  entire  product  portfolio  and  associated 
data.

Strategic Transformation Program 

We are undergoing a multi-year phased implementation of a standardized enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system across 
our global organization, which will replace much of our existing disparate core financial systems. The upgraded ERP will support 
our  focus  on  our  employees,  our  customers  and  innovation  initially  through  the  conversion  of  our  internal  operations, 
manufacturing, finance, human capital resources management and customer relationship systems to cloud-based platforms. This 
new  ERP  system  will  also  provide  for  standardized  processes  and  integrated  technology  solutions  that  enable  us  to  better 
leverage  automation  and  process  efficiency,  transforming  how  we  connect  people,  products  and  processes  to  operate  as 
OneASTEC.  We  materially  completed  the  ERP  global  design  in  2022,  launched  the  human  capital  resources  module  in  our 
locations  in  the  United  States  in  January  2023  and  converted  the  operations  of  one  manufacturing  site  along  with  Corporate 
during the second quarter of 2023 to set the foundation before accelerating the implementation at additional sites in 2024 and 
2025.

Additionally, in the first quarter of 2022, a lean manufacturing initiative at one of our largest sites was initiated and is expected to 
drive  improvement  in  gross  margin  at  that  site.  We  substantially  completed  the  design  efforts  for  this  project  during  2022.  We 
also began executing investments to acquire and install manufacturing equipment intended to drive increased efficiencies in our 
production processes. We continued these capital investments during 2023, which were largely completed as of December 31, 
2023. Gross margin improvements are expected to be realized in conjunction with the project completion in early to mid-2024. 
This improvement is intended to serve as the optimal blueprint for our other manufacturing facilities.

Business Segments

We  operate  manufacturing  sites  and  sites  that  operate  as  sales  and  service  offices  for  our  manufacturing  locations.  Our  two
reportable  business  segments,  Infrastructure  Solutions  and  Materials  Solutions,  comprise  sites  based  upon  the  nature  of  the 
products  produced  or  services  provided,  the  type  of  customer  for  the  products,  the  similarity  of  economic  characteristics,  the 
manner in which management reviews results and the nature of the production process, among other considerations. 

The Corporate and Other category consists primarily of our parent company, Astec Insurance Company ("Astec Insurance" or the 
"captive"),  our  captive  insurance  company,  and  Astec  Digital,  our  controls  and  automation  business  including  the  MINDS 
Automation  Group,  Inc.  business  acquired  in  April  2022,  which  do  not  meet  the  requirements  for  separate  disclosure  as  an 
operating segment or inclusion in one of the other reporting segments. 

We  evaluate  performance  and  allocate  resources  to  our  operating  segments  based  on  Segment  Operating Adjusted  EBITDA. 
Segment  Operating Adjusted  EBITDA,  a  non-GAAP  financial  measure,  is  defined  as  net  income  or  loss  before  the  impact  of 
interest income or expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and certain other adjustments that are not considered 
in the evaluation of ongoing operating performance. The Company's presentation of Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA may 
not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that 
would have occurred had each reportable segment been an independent, stand-alone entity during the periods presented.

Infrastructure Solutions Segment

Overview

The  Infrastructure  Solutions  segment  designs,  engineers,  manufactures  and  markets  a  complete  line  of  asphalt  and  concrete 
plants,  components  and  ancillary  equipment  as  well  as  asphalt  road  construction  equipment,  industrial  thermal  systems,  land 
clearing, recycling and other heavy equipment.

The Infrastructure Solutions segment was operated from the following sites in 2023:

Site

Australia
Blair
Burlington
CHA-Jerome Ave
CHA-Manufacturers Rd
CHA-Wilson Rd

Location
Brisbane, Australia
Nebraska, United States
Wisconsin, United States
Tennessee, United States
Tennessee, United States
Tennessee, United States

Site

EUG-Airport Rd
India
LatAm
Parsons
St-Bruno

Location

Oregon, United States
Ahmedabad, India
Santiago, Chile
Kansas, United States
Quebec, Canada

3

The sites based in North America within the Infrastructure Solutions segment are primarily manufacturing operations while those 
located outside of North America generally market, service and install equipment and provide parts in the regions in which they 
operate for many of the products produced by all of our manufacturing sites.

Products and Services

The primary products produced and services provided by the Infrastructure Solutions segment include:

Asphalt plants and related components
Asphalt pavers
Screeds
Asphalt storage tanks
Fuel storage tanks

Material transfer vehicles
Milling machines
Pump trailers
Liquid terminals

Heaters
Vaporizers
Heat recovery units
Hot oil heaters
Industrial and asphalt burners and 
systems
Soil stabilizing/reclaiming machinery
Soil remediation plants
Concrete batch plants
Storage equipment and related parts

Polymer plants

Concrete mixers

Concrete dust control systems
Concrete material handling systems
Paste back-fill plants
Bagging plants
Blower trucks and trailers

Wood chippers and grinders
Control systems
Service, construction and retrofits
Engineering and environmental 
permitting services

As the backbone of road infrastructure development, asphalt and concrete mixing plants play a crucial role in the construction 
industry. We have been at the forefront of introducing groundbreaking innovations that have reshaped the landscape of asphalt 
and concrete production since our inception. A typical asphalt mixing plant comprises various components, including heating and 
storage equipment for liquid asphalt, cold feed bins for aggregate blending, a counter-flow continuous dryer drum, an emissions 
control  baghouse,  hot  storage  bins  and  a  control  house.  In  1979,  we  introduced  the  concept  of  high  plant  portability, 
revolutionizing asphalt plants. The current generation features six or more portable components designed for easy transportation 
between construction sites. This innovation can serve to significantly reduce relocation expenses and operational interruptions.

Our Portable Self-Erect Cement Bins for the concrete industry provide low-profile mobile cement storage and ship pre-wired and 
pre-plumbed for quick setup. Customized concrete plants are engineered to fit within job site constraints across a wide range of 
concrete production applications.

Our  patented  water  injection  warm  mix  asphalt  system  stands  out  as  a  revolutionary  advancement.  This  system  allows  the 
preparation and placement of asphalt mix at lower temperatures, resulting in substantial emissions reduction during paving and 
load-out. Unlike previous technologies, our multi-nozzle device eliminates the need for costly additives by creating microscopic 
bubbles through the mixing of water and asphalt cement.

Our  burner  products  find  applications  across  various  industries,  emphasizing  customization  for  specific  applications.  From 
chemical plants to oil-and-gas refineries, offshore platforms, power generation plants and more, our burner products are known 
for  their  versatility  and  adaptability.  Certain  of  our  asphalt  burner  platforms  are  developed  for  retrofit  applications  and  offer 
compatibility with most drum designs. Our investment in combustion technology aims to help customers achieve carbon footprint 
reduction goals. We offer burners that can use alternative fuels such as renewable natural gas, hydrogen blended natural gas 
and biomass as opposed to traditional liquid fuels. Our burner portfolio has the ability to achieve the most stringent emissions 
and efficiency requirements for a variety of projects.

Our  mixing  plants  boast  fully  automated  components,  incorporating  microprocessor-based  and  programmable  logic  control 
systems for optimal efficiency. As part of our commitment to environmental responsibility, these plants are manufactured to meet 
or  exceed  federal  and  state  clean  air  standards.  We  offer  many  products  with  advanced  control  technology,  including  low-
emission burners and emissions-control devices like dust collectors, charcoal fume scrubbers and blue smoke systems.

Our  horizontal  wood  grinders,  disc  and  drum  chippers,  as  well  as  blower  trucks  and  trailers  have  been  diverting  green  waste 
from  landfills  for  over  40  years.  Horizontal  grinders  are  used  to  create  mulch  from  green  waste  for  water  retention,  erosion 
control and compost for soil amendments. Our new 5710E Horizontal Grinder allows for efficiency gains and higher productivity 
while  also  delivering  reduced  fuel  consumption  per  unit  of  material  produced  and  safety  enhancements  during  maintenance 
activities. The 5710E represents a new generation of organic waste reducing machines, diverting low value material away from 
landfills and turning it into high value saleable product for our customers. Drum chippers create biomass wood chips from un-
merchantable wood for energy production, erosion control, playground chips or landscaping. Blower trucks are used for erosion 
control, landscaping, green roofs and the application of playground chips. 

Our pavers are designed for minimal maintenance costs while exceeding road surface smoothness requirements. Our F-Series 
pavers  also  feature  a  significant  noise  reduction  over  previous  models,  efficiency  improvements  in  the  cooling  and  hydraulic 
systems  and  an  articulating  track  frame  that,  in  addition  to  operator  comfort,  will  also  further  improve  the  high  quality  road 
smoothness reputation of our pavers. The mobile, self-propelled material transfer vehicle, known as the "Shuttle Buggy," allows 

4

continuous  paving,  reducing  time  and  haul  trucks  required  while  keeping  asphalt  mix  temperatures  consistent  to  create  a 
smooth, durable finished product.

While  our  large  asphalt  plants  excel  in  the  North American  market,  we  have  designed  single-load  and  single-chassis  portable 
plants tailored for international markets. Our portable asphalt plants offer high production capacity, reclaimed asphalt pavement 
("RAP") mixing capabilities and compact, highly mobile designs. The BG-Series is a line of batch plants specifically designed for 
the global market. The plant features a containerized design which simplifies shipping and transporting the plant. The BG-Series 
is  offered  in  a  variety  of  production  rates  to  accommodate  the  smallest  jobs  to  large  projects.  The  BG-Series  is  capable  of 
utilizing high percentages of RAP and offers the versatility of a batch plant. A number of these plants are operating in various 
countries around the world.

Our product lines extend beyond asphalt production, encompassing full milling machines, soil stabilizers, patented screeds and 
concrete production equipment. The new RX-405 Cold Planer is ideal for contractors who need a smaller cold planer with the 
high productivity that our larger milling machines are known for. This new machine allows for a range of cut widths from two to 
five feet thanks to a quick-change drum, and tooth changes are made faster with an electric drum indexer. The all new operator 
station also makes controlling the machine more ergonomic and intuitive. Our concrete plants, known for quick setup, tear-down 
and reliability, cater to both portable and stationary needs, providing custom-engineered design flexibility.

Focus on Sustainability

We recognize the significance of RAP in new paving applications. Our asphalt plants include a broad spectrum of technologies to 
reduce the carbon footprint of asphalt production, including dryers and mixers which accommodate production of asphalt mixes 
with  up  to  70%  recycled  material,  warm  mix  systems  to  reduce  emissions  and  fuel  consumption  by  minimizing  production 
temperatures, electrified liquid storage tanks and heating systems and burners compatible with a variety of alternative fuels.

In 2022, we joined The Road Forward, an initiative by the National Asphalt Pavement Association, with a goal to achieve net zero 
carbon emissions during asphalt production and construction by 2050. Additionally, our participation in the U.S. Department of 
Energy's  Better  Plants  program  reflects  our  commitment  to  reducing  energy  consumption  through  technical  advice,  energy-
efficient training and data analysis.

Marketing

We market our products domestically and internationally through direct and dealer support sales staff, domestic and international 
independent distributors and our international distribution sites in each of our reportable segments.

Asphalt and concrete plants and their related equipment are sold to asphalt or concrete producers, respectively, or domestic and 
foreign  government  agencies.  Asphalt  paving  and  road  building  equipment  are  sold  to  highway  and  heavy  equipment 
contractors, utility contractors, commercial and residential paving contractors and governmental agencies, both domestically and 
internationally.  Wood  chippers,  horizontal  grinders  and  blower  trucks  are  primarily  sold  to  clearing,  right  of  way,  forestry  and 
environmental recycling contractors.

Competition

This  industry  segment  faces  strong  competition  in  price,  service  and  product  performance.  The  Infrastructure  Solutions 
segment's primary competitors include the following as well as smaller manufacturers, both domestic and international:

Product Categories

Primary Competitors

Asphalt plants and related components

Concrete equipment

Paving and related equipment

Milling equipment

Forestry and recycling equipment

• Asphalt Drum Mixers Inc
• Asphalt Equipment Company Inc. dba 

ALmix

• Ammann Group
• ERIE Strayer Company
• Stephens Manufacturing
• Bomag (part of Fayat Group)
• Caterpillar Paving Products (part of 

Caterpillar, Inc.)

• Dynapac (part of Fayat Group)
• Bomag (part of Fayat Group)
• Caterpillar Paving Products (part of 

Caterpillar, Inc.)
• CMI Roadbuilding
• Bandit Industries, Inc.
• Diamond Z
• Doppstadt

• Gencor Industries, Inc
• Benninghoven (part of Wirtgen Group, 

a John Deere Company)

• Vince Hagan Co.

• LeeBoy
• Vogele (part of Wirtgen Group, a John 

Deere Company)

• Weiler Inc.
• Dynapac (part of Fayat Group)
• Wirtgen Group (a John Deere 

Company)

• EDGE Innovate
• Tigercat
• Morbark (part of Alamo Group)

5

Backlog

The  backlog  for  the  Infrastructure  Solutions  segment  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022  was  approximately  $404.6  million  and 
$567.1 million, respectively.

Materials Solutions Segment

Overview

The  Materials  Solutions  segment  designs  and  manufactures  heavy  rock  processing  equipment,  in  addition  to  servicing  and 
supplying parts for the aggregate, mining, recycling, ports and bulk handling markets.

The Materials Solutions segment was operated from the following sites in 2023:

Site

AME
Belo Horizonte
EUG-Franklin Blvd
Johannesburg
Omagh

Location

Site

Location

Johannesburg, South Africa
Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Oregon, United States
Johannesburg, South Africa
Omagh, United Kingdom

Sterling
Thailand
Thornbury
Yankton

Illinois, United States
Bangkok, Thailand
Ontario, Canada
South Dakota, United States

The sites within the Materials Solutions segment primarily focus on manufacturing operations with the AME and Thailand sites 
functioning  to  market,  service  and  install  equipment  and  provide  parts  in  the  regions  in  which  they  operate  for  many  of  the 
products produced by all of our manufacturing sites. In addition to manufacturing core Materials Solutions products and asphalt 
plants, Belo Horizonte markets all our products to the Brazilian market. At December 31, 2023, we had an ownership interest of 
approximately 93% in Belo Horizonte. During the first quarter of 2022, we executed an agreement with the noncontrolling interest 
holder to acquire their outstanding interest in full. Completion of the transaction is subject to obtaining certain judicial approval in 
Brazil.

Products and Services

The primary products produced and services provided by the Materials Solutions segment include:

Crushing equipment
Vibrating equipment
Modular plants and systems
Portable plants

Mobile plants
Screening equipment
Conveying equipment
Mineral processing equipment

Bulk material handling solutions
Electrical control centers
Plant automation products
Consulting and engineering services

We  manufacture  comprehensive  lines  of  crushing,  screening,  washing  and  classifying,  material  and  bulk  handling  and  rock 
breaking equipment in a variety of configurations including stationary, portable (wheeled) and mobile (track). In conjunction with 
the  Materials  Solutions  products,  we  offer  consulting  and  engineering  services  to  provide  complete  "turnkey"  processing 
systems, which often include electrical control centers and plant automation products that we produce.

Our  complete  line  of  primary,  secondary,  tertiary  and  quaternary  crushers  includes  jaw  crushers,  horizontal  shaft  impactors, 
vertical  shaft  impactors,  cone  crushers  and  heavy-duty,  mining-application  crushers. These  machines  are  used  to  crush  large, 
over-sized  material  in  mining,  quarrying,  sand  and  gravel  and  asphalt/concrete  recycling  applications.  Once  the  material  is 
crushed to size, it is utilized in a variety of products from road base to golf course sand. We offer cone crushers with both roller-
bearing  and  bushing  style  cones  to  fit  any  customer’s  needs.  Our  newly  redesigned  FT-Series  Mobile  Cone  Crushers  are 
equipped with updated controls systems, more reliable engines and increased capacity for use in secondary and tertiary crushing 
applications. Our industry-leading hydraulic-relief jaw crushers offer enhanced safety and easy maintenance. Our crushers are 
available as individual components, portable wheeled plants and mobile track plants. 

We offer a wide variety of vibrating screens including incline, horizontal, high frequency, multi-frequency, combo and dewatering 
screens. Our high frequency screens utilize a high-speed vibration directly induced into the screen media to improve screening 
efficiency and production rates. The screens' unique rotary tensioning system allows for quick media changes. Our screens are 
available in multiple sizes with up to four decks and in a variety of configurations including stationary, portable and mobile.

Our  washing  and  classifying  equipment  is  well-suited  for  a  wide  range  of  applications  and  production  goals.  Our  expertly 
engineered components and plants help producers meet the most stringent material specifications and get the most out of their 
material,  while  significantly  decreasing  water  usage.  With  complete  lines  of  washing,  classifying,  fines  recovery  and  water 
clarification plants and systems, we offer solutions for any operation in portable and stationary configurations.

6

We design and manufacture a broad range of material and bulk handling products for all production goals. Our material handling 
products  cover  many  applications  and  are  designed  for  efficiency  and  high-capacity  material  transferring,  moving  and  mixing. 
Our  innovative  line  of  material  handling  solutions  includes  radial  and  telescoping  conveyors,  truck  unloaders,  hopper  feeders, 
mobile conveyors, pugmills, ship loaders and unloaders, bulk receptions feeders and stationary conveying systems. Our mobile 
bulk  material  handling  solutions  are  designed  to  handle  all  free-flowing  bulk  materials,  including  but  not  limited  to  ores,  coal, 
aggregates,  fertilizers,  grains,  woodchips  and  pellets.  Our  conveying  equipment  is  designed  to  move  or  store  aggregate  and 
other  bulk  materials  in  radial  cone-shaped  or  windrow  stockpiles.  Additionally,  high-capacity  rail  and  barge  loading/unloading 
material handling systems are an important part of our product lines.

We have created our rock breaking equipment line for aggregate, mining, construction and demolition applications, including the 
demolition and recycling of buildings, bridges and roads. Our comprehensive range of rock breaker boom systems are designed 
to  break  oversized  material  at  large  gyratories,  grizzlies  and  primary/secondary  crushing  application  sites.  These  systems 
include  boom-mounted  configurations,  automatic  greasing  packages,  motor  starter  panels,  joystick  controls  and  easy  plant 
integration.

Focus on Sustainability

We  manufacture  certain  equipment  with  engines  that  meet  the  Environmental  Protection Agency  ("EPA")  Tier  4  Final  and  the 
European  Stage  V  emissions  standards  that  are  compatible  with  hydrotreated  vegetable  oil  ("HVO")  fuels,  a  direct  drop-in 
alternative to conventional diesel fuel. While the energy content produced by HVO fuels is less than conventional diesel, HVO 
fuels offer reduced net carbon emissions with no need for upfront equipment modifications.

Marketing

The  principal  purchasers  of  aggregate  processing  equipment  include  distributors,  highway  and  heavy  equipment  contractors, 
sand and gravel producers, demolition, recycle and crushing contractors, open mine operators, quarry operators, port and inland 
terminal authorities, power stations and both domestic and foreign governmental agencies.

Materials Solutions equipment and aftermarket sales and service programs are primarily marketed through an extensive network 
of  dealers  via  dealer  support  sales  employees,  domestic  and  international  independent  distributors  and  our  international 
distribution sites in each of our reportable segments.

Competition

The  Materials  Solutions  segment  faces  strong  competition  in  price,  service  and  product  performance. The  Materials  Solutions 
segment's primary competitors include the following as well as smaller manufacturers, both domestic and international:

CDE Group

Deister Machine Company, Inc
Epiroc 
EDGE Innovate
Masaba, Inc.

Backlog

McCloskey International (part of Metso 
Outotec Corporation)
McLanahan Corporation
Metso Outotec Corporation
Sandvik Group
Superior Industries, Inc.

Terex Corporation

Thor Manufacturing Ltd.
Weir Group
Wirtgen Group (a John Deere Company)

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the backlog for the Materials Solutions segment was approximately $162.7 million and $341.2 
million, respectively.

Corporate and Other

The Corporate and Other category consists primarily of the parent company, the Company's captive insurance company, Astec 
Insurance,  and  the  controls  and  automation  business  including  the  MINDS Automation  Group,  Inc.  business  acquired  in April 
2022,  collectively,  Astec  Digital,  which  do  not  meet  the  requirements  for  separate  disclosure  as  an  operating  segment  or 
inclusion in one of the other reporting segments. The parent company and the captive insurance company provide support and 
corporate oversight for other sites.

Astec  Digital  is  responsible  for  the  development  and  delivery  of  the  Astec  Digital  Ecosystem  that  can  enable  customers  to 
leverage  our  product  portfolio  and  associated  data  into  a  competitive  advantage. Astec  Digital  products  include  our  industrial 
automation controls and our telematics platforms. Our focus is to connect all Astec products in the "Rock to Road" value chain 
and leverage this data and emerging technologies to provide our customers with insight into their operations that can allow them 
to be more efficient, productive and sustainable.

7

Common to Both Reporting Segments

The following information applies to both the Infrastructure Solutions and the Materials Solutions reporting segments.

Manufacturing

We manufacture our equipment and related component parts for our products at both our domestic and international facilities. In 
many cases, we design, engineer and manufacture equipment and component parts to meet the particular needs of individual 
customers.  Our  manufacturing  operations  consist  primarily  of  fabricating  steel  components  and  the  integration  of  supplier 
purchased  components,  including  the  assembly  and  testing  of  our  finished  products  to  ensure  that  we  achieve  high  quality 
standards.

Raw Materials

We  purchase  raw  materials,  manufactured  components  and  replacement  parts  for  our  products  from  leading  suppliers  both 
domestically and internationally. Raw materials used in the manufacture of our products include carbon steel in flat rolled, long 
products  and  pipe  as  well  as  various  types  of  alloy  steel.  Our  steel  suppliers  include  mills,  distributors  and  other  sources.  To 
effectively manage inventory at our manufacturing facilities, we purchase a substantial portion of carbon steel products on a just 
in time basis. When market dynamics warrant, we strategically and selectively order inventory items beyond a just in time basis. 
Although  raw  materials  for  manufacturing  are  normally  readily  available,  certain  highly  customized  components  may  require 
longer than normal lead times such as engines, gearboxes, hydraulic and electronic systems.

Government Regulations

We are subject to various laws and regulations concerning environmental affairs and employee safety and health in each country 
that we operate. The EPA, the Occupational Safety & Health Administration ("OSHA") and other local, state and federal agencies 
have the authority to promulgate regulations that can impact our operations. Local, state and federal regulating agencies have 
the potential to impose fines and penalties for violations of laws and regulations.

None  of  our  operations  are  within  highly  regulated  industries.  However,  the  air  pollution  control  equipment  we  manufacture, 
principally for hot-mix asphalt plants, must comply with certain performance standards promulgated by the EPA under the Clean 
Air Act applicable to "new sources" or new plants. We believe our products meet all material requirements of such regulations, 
applicable state pollution standards and environmental protection laws.

Due to the size and weight of certain equipment we manufacture, we and our customers may encounter various state regulations 
on maximum weights transportable on highways. Some states have regulations governing the operation of asphalt mixing plants, 
and most states have regulations relating to the accuracy of weights and measures, which affect some of the control systems we 
manufacture.

Compliance with these government regulations has not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive 
position within the market to date.

Patents and Trademarks

We seek to obtain patents to protect the novel features of our products and processes. Our subsidiaries hold 116 United States 
patents and 128 foreign patents. Our subsidiaries have 10 United States and 28 foreign patent applications pending.

We  have  83  trademarks  registered  in  the  United  States,  including  logos  for Astec,  Carlson  Paving,  Heatec,  KPI-JCI,  Peterson 
Pacific,  Power  Flame,  Roadtec  and  Telsmith,  and  the  names  ASTEC,  CARLSON,  HEATEC,  JCI,  KOLBERG,  PETERSON, 
POWER  FLAME,  ROADTEC  and  TELSMITH,  as  well  as  a  number  of  other  product  names.  We  also  have  129  trademarks 
registered  in  foreign  jurisdictions,  including  Argentina,  Australia,  Brazil,  Canada,  Chile,  China,  the  European  Union,  France, 
Germany, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mexico, New Zealand, Paraguay, Peru, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, 
the United Kingdom, Ukraine, Uruguay and Vietnam. We have 5 United States and 12 foreign trademark registration applications 
pending.

Engineering and Product Development

We conduct research and development activities to develop new products and to enhance the functionality, effectiveness, ease 
of  use  and  reliability  of  our  existing  products.  We  believe  that  our  engineering  and  research  and  development  efforts  are  key 
drivers of our success in the marketplace and dedicate substantial resources to engineering and product development activities 
including  establishing  an  Innovation  Services  team.  Our  Innovation  Services  team  has  experts  in  advanced  fields,  such  as 
simulation  and  digital  twin  creation,  who  support  our  development  initiatives. In  addition,  we  are  focused  on  innovation  in  our 
core products to support the "Rock to Road" value chain. 

8

Seasonality and Backlog

Revenues have historically been strongest during the first, second and fourth quarters with the third quarter typically generating 
weaker results.

Backlog  represents  the  dollar  value  of  firm  orders  for  equipment,  parts  and  related  installation  which  are  expected  to  be 
recognized in net sales in the future. Firm orders are signed commitments from customers to complete a purchase for machinery, 
equipment  or  parts  that  is  expected  to  be  noncancellable  and  are  included  in  backlog  when  we  are  in  receipt  of  an  executed 
contract and any required deposits or security and have not yet been recognized into net sales. Certain orders for which we have 
received binding letters of intent or contracts will not be included in backlog until all required contractual documents and deposits 
are received.

As  of  December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had a backlog for delivery of products at certain dates in the future  of approximately 
$569.8 million and $912.7 million, respectively. Approximately $323.2 million of the decline in backlog between periods relates to 
orders from domestic customers. 

Competition

Each  business  segment  operates  in  domestic  markets  that  are  highly  competitive  with  respect  to  price,  service  and  product 
quality.  While  specific  competitors  are  named  within  each  business  segment  discussion  above,  imports  do  not  generally 
constitute  significant  competition  for  us  in  the  United  States,  except  for  milling  machines  and  track-mounted  crushers.  In 
international sales, however, we often compete with foreign manufacturers that may have a local presence in the market we are 
attempting to penetrate.

In addition, asphalt and concrete are generally considered competitive products as a surface choice for new roads and highways. 
A portion of the interstate highway system is surfaced in concrete, but the significant majority of surfaced roads in the U.S. are 
paved with asphalt. Although concrete is used for some new road surfaces, asphalt is used for most resurfacing. Our customers 
generally offer both asphalt and concrete surfacing options, and our product portfolio enables us to be a singular provider to our 
customers for both asphalt and concrete equipment.

Human Capital Resources and Management

Our employees around the world are each guided by our Purpose: Built to Connect, and our Vision: To build industry changing 
solutions that create life-changing opportunities. Every employee is also guided by our values and our code of business conduct. 
In everyday work, our employees embody our core values of Safety, Devotion, Integrity, Respect and Innovation. They do so by 
living our winning behaviors of Open and Honest Communications, Drive Creativity, Customer Driven Innovation and OneASTEC 
in all they do. We strive to be an employer of choice, attracting and retaining top talent committed to creating a diverse, equitable 
and  inclusive  workplace  where  individuals  are  respected  and  valued  for  their  diverse  backgrounds  and  experiences.  Through 
comprehensive  compensation  and  benefits  and  a  focus  on  safety,  we  strive  to  support  our  employees'  overall  well-being.  Our 
sites have programs designed to upskill manufacturing employees in the areas specifically required for local production needs. In 
addition, we partner with national vendors specialized in skilled labor recruitment and many of our sites have relationships with 
local trade schools and community colleges to attract talent.

We  engaged  our  employees  through  the  Voice  of  OneASTEC  survey  in  2022,  with  81%  of  our  workforce  responding  and 
providing us with valuable feedback. With the strong survey results provided in 2022, we continued our focus during 2023 on the 
areas  of  opportunity  identified:  communication,  performance  management  and  change  management.  We  also  focused  on  re-
establishing engagement at the site level after a lengthy period of pandemic-related social distancing requirements.

Employee Profile

As of December 31, 2023, we employed 4,322 individuals, including 3,650 employees in the U.S. and Canada. We also retain 
consultants,  independent  contractors  and  temporary  and  part-time  workers.  As  of  December  31,  2023,  the  functional 
representation  of  our  employees  was  as  follows: 2,869  were  engaged  in  manufacturing, 366  in  engineering,  including  support 
staff, and 1,087 in selling, administrative and management functions.

Unions  are  certified  as  bargaining  agents  for  approximately  two  percent  of  our  U.S.  direct  employees.  From  time  to  time,  our 
collective  bargaining  agreements  expire  and  come  up  for  renegotiation.  Approximately  78  of  our  active  U.S.  employees  are 
covered by a collective bargaining agreement with the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied 
Industrial and Service Workers International Union, AFL-CIO-CLC on behalf of its local affiliate Local Union No. 11-508-03, with 
an  expiration  date  of  December  11,  2025.  Unions  also  represent  approximately  seven  percent  of  our  employees  at  our 
manufacturing facilities outside the U.S. We consider our employee relations to be good.

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Compensation and Benefits

As  an  employer  of  choice,  we  provide  competitive  and  robust  compensation  and  benefits.  We  achieve  this  by  regularly 
conducting  market  reviews  and  adjusting  as  needed.  In  addition  to  salaries,  we  provide  regional  programs,  which  can  include 
annual  bonuses,  share-based  compensation  awards,  a  401(k)  plan  with  employee  matching  opportunities,  healthcare  and 
insurance benefits, health savings and flexible spending accounts, paid time off, family leave, family care resources, flexible work 
arrangements,  employee  assistance  programs,  tuition  assistance  and  on-site  services.  In  2023,  we  announced  an  increase  to 
our 401(k) employer match beginning in 2024 to further support our employees into retirement. We also implemented parental 
leave, providing paid time off for our new mothers and fathers. 

Health and Safety 

Our  commitment  to  safety  is  integral  to  our  operations,  it  underscores  our  dedication  to  the  well-being  of  our  employees, 
stakeholders,  and  the  communities  in  which  we  operate.  We  hold  safety  paramount  and  prioritize  a  culture  of  safety  that 
permeates  every  aspect  of  our  business.  Rigorous  safety  protocols  and  comprehensive  training  programs  are  implemented 
across all levels of the organization to mitigate risks and promote a safe and healthy environment for our employees. 

We continually invest in state-of-the-art safety technologies and regularly review and update our safety procedures to align with 
industry best practices and regulatory standards. Our Safety Committee, comprised of cross-functional experts, meets regularly 
to  assess  and  address  emerging  safety  challenges.  This  collaborative  approach  ensures  that  we  are  proactive  in  identifying 
potential hazards and implementing effective preventative measures. Through transparent communication, regular safety audits, 
and the integration of feedback from employees and regulatory agencies, we strive to maintain the highest standards of safety 
performance. Our commitment to safety extends beyond our facilities to encompass the entire supply chain, fostering a holistic 
approach to risk management. We believe that by prioritizing safety, we not only safeguard our workforce but also contribute to 
the long-term sustainability and success of our business.

We believe in following a proactive approach to identify and mitigate safety issues. As such, our focus is monitoring, assessing 
and  abating  leading  safety  indicators  through  our  Unsafe  Work  Observation  program,  thus  preventing  accidents  before  they 
happen or reducing the impact if they do occur. Abatement of safety issues in a timely manner is incentivized through our annual 
incentive program, which is partially focused on this leading safety metric. 

We strive for continual, incremental improvements in our safety program to reduce recordable injuries and lost time each year. 
During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  we  had  zero  recordable  injuries  at  five  of  our  manufacturing  sites.  In  2023,  we 
experienced a 35% decrease in our OSHA Recordable Incident Rate for the year ended December 31, 2023, to 1.27 compared 
to 1.96 for the year ended December 31, 2022. We continually assess safety risks in order to address issues before accidents 
happen.  Our  consistent  focus  on  accountability,  standardization  of  safety  policies  and  continuing  education  have  been 
instrumental  in  reducing  our  overall  injury  rates. Additionally,  we  have  simplified  our  communication  style  and  methodology  by 
utilizing picture-based communications where possible to making messaging digestible within 30 seconds or less for numerous 
safety topics.

Talent Development, Diversity, Equity and Inclusion

Talent and Diversity are key components of our OneASTEC business model. We strive to create an environment that attracts top 
talent and where high performance is fostered and thrives, continuous learning is engrained, diverse experience is leveraged as 
a competitive advantage and careers are propelled forward.

We  utilized  our  High  Performance  Framework  process  for  the  second  year  during  2023  to  ensure  company-wide  alignment  to 
achieve company goals and targets. This model includes values, professional development and cascaded common performance 
goals.

We provide all employees a wide range of professional development experiences, both formal and informal, at various stages in 
their careers. During 2023, we offered leadership training to all employees at the supervisor and manager level worldwide. This 
training  focused  on  building  key  leadership  competencies  including  leading  diverse  and  inclusive  teams.  In  addition,  talent 
development and succession planning for critical roles is a cornerstone of our talent program. Development plans are created 
and monitored for critical roles to ensure progress is made along the established timelines. 

One of our core values - Respect- reflects the behavior we strive to include in every aspect of the way we conduct business. We 
recognize that our best performance comes when our teams are diverse and inclusive. We continue to define our diversity, equity 
and inclusion strategy. These efforts touch all levels of our organization including our Board of Directors.

Corporate and Available Information

Astec  Industries,  Inc.  is  a  Tennessee  corporation  which  was  incorporated  in  1972.  We  make  available,  free  of  charge  on  or 
through our website (www.astecindustries.com), access to our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, 
Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements on Schedule 14A, Section 16 reports, amendments to those reports and other 

10

documents  filed  or  furnished  pursuant  to  Section  13(a)  or  15(d)  of  the  Exchange Act  as  soon  as  reasonably  practicable  after 
such  material  is  filed  with,  or  furnished  to,  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  ("SEC").  Information  contained  in  our 
website is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other report we file with or furnish to 
the SEC.

The  SEC  also  maintains  electronic  versions  of  our  reports,  proxy  and  information  statements  and  other  information  regarding 
issuers that file electronically with the SEC on its website at www.sec.gov.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The  following  risks  are  considered  material  to  our  business,  operating  results  and  financial  condition  based  upon  current 
knowledge, information and assumptions. This discussion of risk factors should be considered closely in conjunction with Part II, 
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Consolidated Financial 
Statements and the accompanying notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks and 
uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that 
we presently deem less significant, may also impair our business, operating results and financial condition. If any of the following 
risks actually occur, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. The order of 
these  risk  factors  does  not  reflect  their  relative  importance  or  likelihood  of  occurrence.  Some  of  these  risks  and  uncertainties 
could affect particular lines of business, while others could affect all of our businesses. We, except as required by law, undertake 
no obligation to update or revise this risk factors discussion, whether as a result of new developments or otherwise.

Economic and Industry Risks

Downturns in the general economy or decreases in government infrastructure spending or commercial and residential 
construction spending may adversely affect our revenues and operating results.

General  economic  downturns,  including  downturns  in  government  infrastructure  spending  and  the  commercial  and  residential 
construction  industries,  could  result  in  a  material  decrease  in  our  revenues  and  operating  results.  Sales  of  our  products  are 
sensitive  to  the  specific  locations  and  regional  economies  in  which  they  are  sold  in  general,  and  in  particular,  changes  in 
commercial construction spending and government infrastructure spending. In addition, many of our costs are fixed and cannot 
be  quickly  reduced  in  response  to  decreased  demand.  Several  factors,  including  the  following,  could  cause  a  downturn  in  the 
commercial and residential construction industries in which we operate:

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

a decrease in the availability of funds for construction;
declining economy domestically and internationally;
labor disputes in the construction industry causing work stoppages;
rising gas and oil prices;
rising steel prices and steel surcharges;
rising interest rates;
energy or building materials shortages;
natural disasters and inclement weather;
changes in regulations;
availability of credit for customers; 
geopolitical conflicts; and
general economic and political uncertainty.

A  decrease  or  delay  in  government  funding  of  highway  construction  and  maintenance  may  cause  our  revenues  and 
profits to decrease.

Many  of  our  customers  depend  on  government  funding  of  highway  construction  and  maintenance  and  other  infrastructure 
projects. Historically, much of the U.S. highway infrastructure market has been driven by government spending programs, and 
federal government funding of infrastructure projects has typically been accomplished through bills that establish funding over a 
multi-year period. For example, the U.S. government funds highway and road improvements through the Federal Highway Trust 
Fund Program. This program provides funding to improve the nation's roadway system. In November 2021, the U.S. government 
enacted  the  Infrastructure  Investment  and  Jobs  Act  ("IIJA").  The  IIJA  allocates  $548  billion  in  government  spending  to  new 
infrastructure over the five-year period concluding in 2026, with certain amounts specifically allocated to fund highway and bridge 
projects.

Governmental funding that is committed or earmarked for federal highway projects is always subject to political decision making 
that  may  result  in  repeal  or  reduction.  Congress  could  pass  legislation  in  future  sessions  that  would  allow  for  the  diversion  of 
previously  appropriated  highway  funds  for  other  national  purposes,  or  it  could  restrict  funding  of  infrastructure  projects  unless 
states  comply  with  certain  federal  policies.  Furthermore,  the  presidential  and  congressional  elections  in  November  2024  could 
alter legislative priorities and have a material impact on government funding of infrastructure projects.

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The cyclical nature of our industry and the product mix of the equipment we sell may cause adverse fluctuations to our 
revenues and operating results.

We  sell  equipment  primarily  to  contractors  whose  demand  for  equipment  depends  greatly  upon  the  volume  of  road  or  utility 
construction projects underway or to be scheduled by both government and private entities. The volume and frequency of road 
and  utility  construction  projects  are  cyclical;  therefore,  demand  for  many  of  our  products  is  cyclical. The  equipment  we  sell  is 
durable and typically lasts for several years, which also contributes to the cyclical nature of the demand for our products. As a 
result,  we  may  experience  cyclical  fluctuations  to  our  revenues  and  operating  results.  Any  difficulty  in  managing  our 
manufacturing workflow during downturns in demand could adversely affect our financial results.

Changes in interest rates and the lack of credit and third-party financing arrangements for our customers could reduce 
demand for our products. 

Throughout  2022  and  2023,  global  interest  rates  increased  substantially  from  historically  low  levels,  which  had  facilitated  low 
financing  costs  for  construction  projects.  Periods  of  rising  interest  rates  could  have  a  dampening  effect  on  overall  economic 
activity and/or the financial condition of our customers, either or both of which could negatively affect customer demand for our 
products, make it more difficult for customers to cost-effectively secure financing to fund the purchase of new equipment or our 
customers'  ability  to  repay  obligations  to  us.  Our  customers’  inability  to  secure  financing  for  projects  on  attractive  terms  could 
result in the delay, cancellation or downsizing of new purchases which could adversely affect our sales.

Market Conditions

Competition could reduce revenue from our products and services and cause us to lose market share, and our ability to 
compete in international jurisdictions is dependent upon trade policies, which are subject to change.

We  currently  face  strong  competition  in  product  performance,  price  and  service.  Some  of  our  domestic  and  international 
competitors have greater financial, product development and marketing resources than we have. If competition in our industry 
intensifies or if our current competitors enhance their products or lower their prices for competing products, we may lose sales or 
be required to lower the prices we charge for our products. This may reduce revenue from our products and services, lower our 
gross margins or cause us to lose market share. In addition to the general competitive challenges we face, international trade 
policies could negatively affect the demand for our products and services and reduce our competitive position in such markets. In 
addition,  unfavorable  currency  fluctuations  could  result  in  our  products  and  services  being  more  expensive  than  local 
competitors. The implementation of more restrictive trade policies, such as higher tariffs, duties or charges, in countries where 
we operate could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our operations in foreign countries, and continued expansion into additional international markets, could expose us to 
risks inherent in doing business outside of the United States.

In  2023,  international  sales  represented  approximately  19.0%  of  our  total  sales  as  compared  to  20.4%  in  2022.  We  plan  to 
continue increasing our already significant sales and production efforts in international markets. Both the sales from international 
operations and export sales are subject in varying degrees to risks inherent in doing business outside of the United States. Such 
risks include the possibility of unfavorable circumstances arising from host country laws or regulations and general economic and 
political  conditions  in  the  countries  we  do  business,  which  are  typically  more  volatile  than  the  U.S.  and  more  vulnerable  to 
geopolitical conditions. In addition, the U.S. Government has established and, from time to time, revises sanctions that restrict or 
prohibit U.S. companies and their subsidiaries from doing business with certain foreign countries, entities and individuals. Doing 
business  internationally  also  subjects  us  to  numerous  U.S.  and  foreign  laws  and  regulations,  including  regulations  relating  to 
anti-bribery,  privacy  regulations  and  anti-boycott  provisions.  We  incur  meaningful  costs  complying  with  these  laws  and 
regulations.  The  continued  expansion  of  our  international  operations  could  increase  the  risk  of  violations  of  these  laws  in  the 
future. Significant violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could harm our reputation, disrupt our business and 
result  in  significant  fines  and  penalties  that  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  results  of  operations  or  financial 
condition.

Our  ability  to  understand  our  customers'  specific  preferences  and  requirements,  and  to  develop,  manufacture  and 
market  products  that  meet  customer  demand  as  we  expand  into  additional  international  markets,  could  significantly 
affect our business results.

Our ability to match new product offerings to diverse global customers' anticipated preferences for different types and sizes of 
equipment  and  various  equipment  features  and  functionality,  at  affordable  prices,  is  critical  to  our  success.  This  requires  a 
thorough understanding of our existing and potential customers on a global basis, particularly in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle 
East and Latin America. Failure to deliver quality products that meet customer needs at competitive prices ahead of competitors 
could have a significant adverse effect on our business.

12

Our international sales and associated operating results are subject to currency exchange risk. 

We  are  exposed  to  risk  as  a  result  of  fluctuations  in  foreign  currency  exchange  rates  from  transactions  involving  foreign 
operations  and  currencies.  We  derive  significant  revenue,  earnings  and  cash  flow  from  operations  outside  of  the  U.S.,  where 
business  operations  are  transacted  in  local  currencies.  Our  exposure  to  currency  exchange  rate  fluctuations  results  primarily 
from  the  translation  exposure  associated  with  the  preparation  of  our  consolidated  financial  statements,  as  well  as  from 
transaction exposure associated with transactions and assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the respective 
subsidiaries'  functional  currencies.  While  our  consolidated  financial  statements  are  reported  in  U.S.  dollars,  the  financial 
statements  of  our  international  subsidiaries  are  prepared  using  their  respective  functional  currency  and  translated  into  U.S. 
dollars  by  applying  appropriate  exchange  rates. As  a  result,  fluctuations  in  the  exchange  rate  of  the  U.S.  dollar  relative  to  the 
local currencies could cause significant fluctuations in the value of our assets and liabilities, equity and operating results.

Additionally,  our  international  sales  involve  some  level  of  export  from  the  U.S.,  either  of  components  or  completed  products. 
Policies and geopolitical events affecting exchange rates could adversely affect the demand for construction equipment in many 
areas of the world. Further, any strengthening of the U.S. dollar or any other currency of a country in which we manufacture our 
products and/or any weakening of local currencies can increase the cost of our products in foreign markets. Irrespective of any 
effect  on  the  overall  demand  for  construction  equipment,  the  effect  of  these  changes  can  make  our  products  less  competitive 
relative to local producing competitors or other non-U.S. competitors and, in extreme cases, can result in our products not being 
cost-effective for customers. As a result, our international sales and profit margins could decline.

Manufacturing and Operations Risks

Our profitability may be negatively affected by changes in the availability and price of certain parts, components and 
raw materials.

We require access to various parts, components and raw materials at competitive prices in order to manufacture our products. 
Changes in the availability and price of these parts, components and raw materials (including steel) have changed significantly 
and rapidly at times. The availability and price of such items are affected by factors like demand, changes to international trade 
policies  that  may  result  in  additional  tariffs,  duties  or  other  charges,  freight  costs,  global  pandemics,  shipping  and  container 
constraints  and  labor  shortages  and  costs,  each  of  which  can  significantly  increase  the  costs  of  production.  Due  to  price 
competition  in  the  market  for  construction  equipment  and  certain  infrastructure  products  which  have  longer  contract  to 
completion cycles, we may not be able to recoup increases in these costs through price increases for our products, which would 
result in reduced profitability. Whether increased operating costs can be passed through to the customer depends on a number 
of  factors,  including  the  price  of  competing  products  and  the  nature  of  our  customers'  orders.  Further,  we  rely  on  a  limited 
number of suppliers for steel and certain other raw materials, parts and components in the manufacturing process. Disruptions or 
delays  in  supply  or  significant  price  increases  from  these  suppliers  could  adversely  affect  our  operations  and  profitability, 
including our ability to convert our backlog and net sales. Such disruptions, terminations or cost increases could result in cost 
inefficiencies, delayed sales or reduced sales.

We may be adversely affected by any natural or man-made disruptions to our distribution and manufacturing facilities, 
as well as disruptions and equipment-related issues. 

We currently maintain a broad network of distribution and manufacturing facilities throughout the U.S. as well as internationally. 
Any widespread disruption to our facilities resulting from fire, earthquake, weather-related events (such as tornadoes, hurricanes, 
flooding and other storms), an act of terrorism, geopolitical conflicts or any other cause could damage a significant portion of our 
inventory  and  could  materially  impair  our  ability  to  distribute  our  products  to  customers.  Additionally,  the  equipment  and 
management  systems  necessary  for  our  manufacturing  operations  may  break  down,  perform  poorly  or  fail,  resulting  in 
fluctuations in manufacturing efficiencies. Moreover, we could incur significantly higher costs and longer lead times associated 
with  distributing  our  products  to  our  customers  during  the  time  that  it  takes  for  us  to  reopen  or  replace  a  damaged  facility. 
Although  we  carry  property  and  business  interruption  insurance,  our  coverage  may  not  be  adequate  to  compensate  us  for  all 
losses that may occur. Any of these events individually or in the aggregate could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition and operating results.

In addition, general weather patterns affect our operating results throughout the year, with adverse weather historically reducing 
construction  activity  in  the  first  and  fourth  quarters  in  the  U.S.,  our  largest  market.  An  increase  of  adverse  weather  events, 
including as a result of climate change, could generally reduce or delay construction activity, which could adversely impact our 
revenues.

Strategic Performance Risks

We may not fully sustain targeted performance improvements and other benefits realized from our OneASTEC business 
model.

The  OneASTEC  business  model  was  designed  to  better  set  strategic  direction,  define  priorities  and  improve  overall  operating 
performance. Coupled with our strategic pillars that are aligned to focus on our employees, our customers and our innovation, 

13

the  OneASTEC  business  model  is  centered  around  continuous  improvement.  Our  future  success  is  partly  dependent  upon 
successfully  executing  and  realizing  performance  improvements,  revenue  gains,  cost  savings  and  other  benefits  from  our 
initiatives.  It  is  possible  that  we  may  not  fully  realize,  or  sustain,  the  expected  benefits  from  the  OneASTEC  business  model. 
Furthermore,  the  implementation  of  the  OneASTEC  initiatives  will  result  in  an  increase  in  near-term  expenses  and  may 
negatively impact operational effectiveness and employee morale.

As  an  innovative  leader  in  the  industries  in  which  we  operate,  we  occasionally  undertake  the  engineering,  design, 
manufacturing, construction and installation of equipment systems and technologies that are new to the market, which 
could  result  in  our  realization  of  significantly  reduced  or  negative  margins  and/or  a  responsibility  to  reimburse  the 
customer for financial losses, including, but not limited to, the possible refund of the purchase price.

Designing  and  developing  innovative  equipment  and  technologies  to  function  as  expected  is  inherently  difficult  and  significant 
design phase, field testing and redesign costs are often incurred in connection with such design and development activities. The 
design  and  development  phase  requires  meaningful  lead  time  before  a  product  is  ready  for  market,  which  often  requires  a 
significant  investment  in  potentially  new  technologies  and  manufacturing  techniques  to  evolve  our  existing  products  and 
introduce new products prior to realizing any revenues associated with such improved or new products. This also requires us to 
anticipate  changing  customer  demands.  Our  success  depends  on  our  ability  to  invest  in  new  technologies  and  manufacturing 
techniques to continue to meet those changing demands. If we are unable to accurately anticipate such customer demands, we 
will likely incur losses associated with such product development.

In  addition,  any  number  of  unforeseen  circumstances  can  impact  actual  project  costs.  Production  delays,  design  changes, 
adverse weather conditions and other factors can also result in construction and testing delays, which can cause significant cost 
overruns or failure to meet required completion dates. In certain circumstances, we may incur contractual penalties as a result of 
such delays to bring a product to market or be unable to satisfy minimum production levels, and we may be liable to customers 
for other losses they incur in connection with such delays, including possible refund of the purchase price. At various times, we 
have  experienced  negative  margins  on  certain  large  projects. These  large  projects  have  included  both  existing  and  innovative 
equipment designs, on-site construction and promised minimum production levels. We may not be able to sufficiently predict the 
extent of such unforeseen cost overruns and may experience significant losses on specialized projects in the future.

Failure to successfully complete restructuring activities could negatively affect our operations.

From time to time, we may divest of or wind down certain business activities, product lines, and/or perform other organizational 
restructuring  projects  in  an  effort  to  reduce  costs  and  streamline  operations.  Such  activities  involve  risks  as  they  may  divert 
management's  attention  from  our  core  businesses,  increase  expenses  on  a  short-term  basis  and  lead  to  potential  issues  with 
employees, customers or suppliers. If these activities are not completed in a timely manner, anticipated cost savings, synergies 
and efficiencies are not realized, business disruption occurs during the pendency of or following such activities or unanticipated 
charges are incurred, particularly if material, there may be a negative effect on our business, results of operations and financial 
condition.

As part of our growth strategy, we may pursue acquisitions in the future and may not be successful in completing such 
acquisitions on favorable terms or be able to realize the anticipated benefits from such acquisitions.

We  have  historically  grown,  in  large  part,  through  strategic  acquisitions,  and  our  strategy  is  to  continue  to  pursue  attractive 
acquisition  opportunities  if  and  when  they  become  available.  Failure  to  identify  and  acquire  suitable  acquisition  candidates  on 
appropriate terms could adversely impact our growth strategy. In addition, although we have been successful in the past with the 
integration of numerous acquisitions, we may not be able to fully integrate the operations of any future acquired businesses with 
our own operations in an efficient and cost-effective manner or without significant disruption to our or the acquired companies’ 
existing  operations.  Moreover,  acquisitions  involve  significant  risks  and  uncertainties,  including  uncertainties  as  to  the  future 
financial  performance  of  the  acquired  business,  the  achievement  of  expected  synergies,  difficulties  integrating  acquired 
personnel  and  corporate  cultures  into  our  business,  the  potential  loss  of  key  employees,  customers  or  suppliers,  difficulties  in 
integrating  different  computer  and  accounting  systems,  exposure  to  unforeseen  liabilities  of  acquired  companies  and  the 
diversion of management attention and resources from existing operations. We may be unable to successfully complete potential 
acquisitions  due  to  multiple  factors,  such  as  issues  related  to  regulatory  review  of  the  proposed  transactions  or  obtaining 
favorable financing. We may also be required to incur additional debt or issue additional shares of our common stock in order to 
consummate acquisitions in the future. Potential new indebtedness may be substantial and may limit our flexibility in using our 
cash  flow  from  operations.  The  issuance  of  new  shares  of  our  common  stock  could  dilute  the  equity  value  of  our  existing 
shareholders.  Our  failure  to  fully  integrate  future  acquired  businesses  effectively  or  to  manage  other  consequences  of  our 
acquisitions,  including  increased  indebtedness,  could  prevent  us  from  remaining  competitive  and,  ultimately,  could  adversely 
affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

14

Financial Risks

We may be unsuccessful in complying with the financial ratio covenants or other provisions of our credit agreement.

As of December 31, 2023, we were in compliance with the financial covenants contained in our credit agreement. However, in 
the future we may be unable to comply with the financial covenants in our credit facility or to obtain waivers with respect to such 
financial covenants. If such violations occur, our creditors could elect to pursue their contractual remedies under the credit facility, 
including  requiring  immediate  repayment  in  full  of  all  amounts  then  outstanding  and  requiring  cash  collateral  to  support 
outstanding letters of credit. As of December 31, 2023, we had outstanding borrowings of $72.0 million and an additional $3.3 
million  in  letters  of  credit  outstanding  under  the  credit  agreement.  We  may  also  borrow  additional  amounts  under  the  credit 
agreement  in  the  future.  Certain  of  our  international  subsidiaries  in  Australia,  Brazil,  Canada,  South  Africa  and  the  United 
Kingdom  have  entered  into  their  own  independent  loan  agreements  with  the  same  lenders  to  our  credit  agreement  as  well  as 
with other lending institutions.

We  are  subject  to  income  taxes  in  the  United  States  and  certain  foreign  jurisdictions,  and  changes  to  the  tax  codes, 
effective tax rates and accounting principles related thereto could negatively impact our results of operations.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and other jurisdictions. Our results of operations could be adversely affected 
by, among other things, changes in the effective tax rates in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions, a change in the mix of earnings 
between U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions or among jurisdictions with differing tax rates, changes in tax laws or treaties, including 
the global implementation of a minimum tax under Pillar 2 of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development's 
Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Pillar 2 rules and related changes in generally accepted accounting principles. 

Additionally, we typically incur substantial research and development costs each year and have historically received significant 
research and development tax credits due to these expenditures. Congress could reduce or eliminate such tax credits in future 
years, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

Goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets  comprise  a  material  portion  of  our  total  assets.  We  must  test  our  goodwill  for 
impairment at least annually and other intangible assets if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of 
the asset may not be recoverable, which could result in a material, non-cash write-down of goodwill or intangible assets 
and could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and shareholders' equity.

We  have  completed  a  number  of  acquisitions  and  expect  to  continue  to  complete  selected  acquisitions  in  the  future  as  a 
component  of  our  growth  strategy.  In  connection  with  acquisitions,  applicable  accounting  standards  generally  require  the  net 
tangible and intangible assets of the acquired business to be recorded in the balance sheet of the acquiring company at their fair 
values as of the date of acquisition. As a result, any excess in the purchase price paid by us over the fair value of net tangible 
and  intangible  assets  of  any  acquired  business  is  recorded  as  goodwill.  Definite  lived-intangible  assets  are  required  to  be 
amortized  over  their  estimated  useful  lives  and  this  amortization  expense  may  be  significant.  If  it  is  later  determined  that  the 
anticipated future cash flows from the acquired business may be less than the carrying values of the assets and goodwill of the 
acquired business, the assets, including both definite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets, or goodwill may be deemed to 
be  impaired.  If  this  occurs,  we  may  be  required  under  applicable  accounting  rules  to  write  down  the  value  of  the  assets  or 
goodwill  on  our  balance  sheet  to  reflect  the  extent  of  any  such  impairment. Any  such  write-down  of  assets  or  goodwill  would 
generally  be  recognized  as  a  non-cash  expense  in  our  results  of  operations  for  the  accounting  period  during  which  any  such 
write down occurs. 

Goodwill is subject to impairment assessments at least annually (or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances 
indicate that impairment may have occurred). Other intangible assets are subject to impairment assessments if conditions exist 
that indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. At October 1, 2023, we performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill 
impairment, and our testing indicated no impairment had occurred at any of our four reporting units. A decrease in our market 
capitalization, profitability or negative or declining cash flows increases the risk of goodwill or other intangible asset impairments. 
Future impairment charges could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and shareholders' equity.

Human Capital Risks

Our performance could suffer if we cannot maintain our culture as well as attract, retain and engage our employees. 

We believe our culture focused on safety, devotion, integrity, respect and innovation, is one of our strongest assets. Our strong 
culture  positions  us  to  recruit  and  retain  top-level  talent  across  our  organization.  We  believe  our  employees  and  experienced 
leadership group are competitive advantages, as the best people, over time, produce the best results. Our ability to attract and 
retain qualified engineers, skilled manufacturing personnel and other professionals, either through direct hiring or acquisition of 
other businesses employing such professionals, will also be an important factor in determining our future success. The shrinking 
availability of qualified talent in these areas is a significant challenge in retaining and attracting sufficiently qualified personnel to 
enable us to meet customer demand efficiently resulting in longer lead times to convert backlog to revenue and materially and 
adversely  impacting  our  margins.  If  we  are  unable  to  attract  the  most  talented  candidates,  and  cannot  retain  and  engage 

15

additional  highly  qualified  managerial,  technical,  manufacturing,  and  sales  and  marketing  personnel  by  investing  in  their  talent 
and personal development, our operational and financial performances could continue to suffer.

In addition, disputes with labor unions could potentially affect our ability to operate our facilities as well as our financial results. 
Any strike, work stoppage or other dispute with a labor union could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations 
and financial condition. 

Failure  to  retain  our  key  personnel  or  attract  additional  key  personnel  as  required  and  the  impact  of  our  recent 
leadership  changes  may  adversely  impact  our  ability  to  implement  our  business  plan  and  our  results  of  operations 
could be materially and adversely affected.

We depend to a large extent on the abilities and continued participation of our executive officers and other key employees. We 
believe that as our activities increase and change in character, additional experienced personnel will be required to implement 
our  OneASTEC  business  model.  Competition  for  such  personnel  is  intense,  and  we  cannot  assure  that  they  will  be  available 
when required, or that we will have the ability to attract and retain them. The loss of any of these individuals or an inability to 
attract,  retain  and  maintain  additional  personnel  could  prevent  us  from  implementing  our  business  strategy.  There  is  no 
assurance  that  we  will  be  able  to  retain  our  existing  management  personnel  or  to  attract  additional  qualified  personnel  when 
needed.

Furthermore, we have had recent leadership changes and transitions involving our senior leadership team, including our Chief 
Executive  Officer,  Group  Presidents  of  both  of  our  Infrastructure  Solutions  and  Materials  Solutions  segments  and  General 
Counsel, as previously announced. Such leadership changes can be inherently difficult to manage, and an inadequate transition 
may  cause  disruption  to  our  business,  including  to  our  relationships  with  our  customers,  suppliers,  vendors  and  employees.  It 
may also make it more difficult for us to hire and retain key employees. In addition, any failure to ensure the effective transfer of 
knowledge and a smooth transition could hinder our strategic planning, execution and future performance.

Our business operations are dependent upon the ability of our new employees to learn their new roles.

In connection with the recent leadership changes noted above and our strategic initiatives, we have replaced, redirected or hired 
many  employees  in  key  functions,  including  in  important  management  roles.  Any  significant  management  change  involves 
inherent  risk  and  any  failure  to  ensure  the  effective  transfer  of  knowledge  and  a  smooth  transition  could  hinder  our  strategic 
planning, execution and future performance. As new employees gain experience in their roles, we could experience inefficiencies 
or  a  lack  of  business  continuity  due  to  loss  of  historical  knowledge  and  a  lack  of  familiarity  of  new  employees  with  business 
processes,  operating  requirements,  policies  and  procedures,  some  of  which  are  new,  and  key  information  technologies  and 
related  infrastructure  used  in  our  day-to-day  operations  and  financial  reporting.  We  may  also  experience  additional  costs  as 
these new employees learn their roles and gain necessary experience. It is important to our success that these new employees 
quickly adapt to and excel in their new roles. If they are unable to do so, our business and financial results could be materially 
adversely  affected.  In  addition,  if  we  were  to  lose  the  services  of  any  one  or  more  key  employees,  whether  due  to  death, 
disability or termination of employment, our ability to successfully operate our business segments, financial plans, marketing and 
other objectives could be significantly impaired.

Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risks

We  are  subject  to  an  ongoing  risk  of  product  liability  claims  and  other  litigation  arising  in  the  ordinary  course  of 
business.

We  manufacture  heavy  machinery,  which  is  used  by  our  customers  at  excavation  and  construction  sites,  ports  and  inland 
terminals and on high-traffic roads. Any defect in or improper operation of our equipment can result in personal injury and death, 
and damage to or destruction of property, any of which could cause product liability claims to be filed against us. The amount and 
scope of our insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover all losses or liabilities we may incur in the event of a product 
liability claim. We may not be able to maintain insurance of the types or at the levels we deem necessary or adequate or at rates 
we consider reasonable. A successful claim brought against us in excess of available insurance coverage or a requirement to 
participate in a product recall may have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, insurance coverage is increasingly 
expensive, contains more stringent terms and may be difficult to obtain in the future.

We  are  subject  to  significant  governmental  regulation  and  if  we  fail  to  comply  with  such  regulation  or  if  we  become 
subject  to  increased  regulation,  we  may  incur  significant  costs  related  to  penalties,  remedial  measures  or  increased 
compliance requirements.

We are subject to various risks related to conducting business domestically and internationally which encompass a wide range of 
government regulations including but not limited to: the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, other anti-corruption laws, regulations 
administered by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security, the 
U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control and various non-U.S. government entities, including applicable 
import and export control regulations and customs requirements, imposition by the U.S. and foreign governments of additional 
taxes, tariffs, economic sanctions on countries, entities or persons, embargoes, or other restrictions on trade, currency exchange 

16

regulations and transfer pricing regulations. We are also subject to potential adverse changes or increased uncertainty relating to 
the political, social, religious and economic stability of the countries in which we do business or transact with, and their diplomatic 
relations  with  the  U.S. Accordingly,  we  are  at  risk  to  comply  with  complex  international  laws  and  regulations  that  may  change 
unexpectedly,  differ  or  conflict  with  laws  in  other  countries  in  which  we  conduct  business.  While  we  maintain  compliance 
programs to help ensure compliance with such regulations, there is no assurance that we will be effective in complying with all 
such regulations. Failure to comply with such regulations could subject us to criminal and civil penalties, disgorgement and other 
sanctions,  remedial  measures,  legal  expenses  and  reputational  damage,  all  of  which  could  have  an  adverse  impact  on  our 
business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

In addition, certain of our equipment is subject to rules limiting emissions and other climate related rules and regulation. Several 
of  our  products  contain  components  that  must  comply  with  environmental,  health  and  safety  laws  or  regulations,  including 
performance  standards,  promulgated  by  the  EPA  and  other  state  regulatory  agencies.  These  performance  standards  may 
change  or  become  more  stringent  in  the  future.  In  addition,  we  may  become  subject  to  additional  legislation,  regulations  or 
accords  regarding  climate  change,  and  compliance  with  any  new  rules  could  be  difficult  and  costly  as  a  result  of  increased 
energy,  environmental,  and  other  costs  and  capital  expenditures  to  comply  with  any  such  legislation,  regulation  or  accord. 
Changes  in  these  requirements  could  also  cause  us  to  undertake  costly  measures  to  redesign  or  modify  our  equipment  or 
otherwise  adversely  affect  the  manufacturing  processes  of  our  products.  Such  changes  could  also  impact  operations  of  our 
suppliers and customers. In addition, we may incur material costs or liabilities in connection with other regulatory requirements 
applicable  to  our  business,  including,  for  example,  state  regulation  of  our  component  equipment,  the  accuracy  of  weights  and 
measures and the maximum weight transportable on highways and roads.

Environmental,  Social  and  Governance  risks  could  adversely  affect  our  reputation  and  shareholder,  employee, 
customer and third party relationships and may negatively affect our stock price.

As a public company, we face increased public and investor scrutiny related to Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) 
activities. We risk damage to our brand and reputation if we fail to act responsibly or meet any commitments that we may set in a 
number of areas, such as diversity, equity and inclusion, environmental stewardship, including with respect to climate change, 
human capital management, support for our local communities, corporate governance and transparency, or fail to consider ESG 
factors in our business operations.

Additionally,  investors  and  shareholder  advocates  are  placing  ever  increasing  emphasis  on  how  corporations  address  ESG 
issues  in  their  business  strategy  when  making  investment  decisions  and  when  developing  their  investment  theses  and  proxy 
recommendations.  In  2023,  we  published  our  first  Corporate  Sustainability  Report,  which  includes  information  about  our  ESG 
activities and may result in increased investor, media and employee attention to such initiatives. If our ESG efforts are negatively 
perceived, our reputation and stock price may suffer. Moreover, compliance with applicable laws and regulations and the pursuit 
of other ESG-related objectives may require us to make additional capital and operational expenditures that may have a material 
adverse effect on its earnings, liquidity, financial condition or competitive position.

We are subject to a variety of legal proceedings, the outcome of which may be unfavorable to us.

From time to time, we may be involved in various legal proceedings and subject to government investigations. We are unable to 
predict when claims or matters will arise and the extent to which they will affect our business, and the international nature of our 
business  exposes  us  to  legal  and  regulatory  matters  that  arise  in  foreign  jurisdictions  as  well.  We  could  incur  significant 
expenses  to  administer  and  defend  such  matters,  and  any  judgments  or  fines  imposed  on  us  could  significantly  impact  our 
financial condition. Our business may be adversely impacted by the outcome of legal proceedings and other contingencies that 
cannot  be  predicted  with  certainty.  We  estimate  loss  contingencies  and  establish  reserves  based  on  our  assessment  where 
liability is deemed probable and reasonably estimable given the facts and circumstances known to us at a particular point in time. 
Subsequent developments may affect our assessment and estimates of the loss contingencies recognized as liabilities. These 
matters could also significantly divert the attention of our management.

If  we  are  unable  to  protect  our  proprietary  technology  from  infringement  or  if  our  technology  infringes  technology 
owned by others, then the demand for our products may decrease or we may be forced to modify our products, which 
could increase our costs.

We  hold  numerous  patents  covering  technology  and  applications  related  to  many  of  our  products  and  systems,  as  well  as 
numerous  trademarks  and  trade  names  registered  with  the  U.S.  Patent  and  Trademark  Office  and  in  foreign  countries.  Our 
existing or future patents or trademarks may not adequately protect us against infringements, and pending patent or trademark 
applications may not result in issued patents or trademarks. Our patents, registered trademarks and patent applications, if any, 
may not be upheld if challenged, and competitors may develop similar or superior methods or products outside the protection of 
our  patents.  This  could  reduce  demand  for  our  products  and  materially  decrease  our  revenues.  We  may  need  to  spend 
significant resources monitoring and enforcing our intellectual property rights and we may not be aware of or able to detect or 
prove infringement by third parties. Our ability to enforce our intellectual property rights is subject to litigation risks, as well as 
uncertainty as to the protection and enforceability of those rights in some countries. If we seek to enforce our intellectual property 
rights, we may be subject to claims that those rights are invalid or unenforceable, and others may seek counterclaims against us, 
which could have a negative impact on our business. In addition, changes in intellectual property laws or their interpretation may 

17

impact  our  ability  to  protect  and  assert  our  intellectual  property  rights,  increase  costs  and  uncertainties  in  the  prosecution  of 
patent applications and enforcement or defense of issued patents, and diminish the value of our intellectual property. If we do not 
protect and enforce our intellectual property rights successfully, or if they are circumvented, invalidated or rendered obsolete by 
the rapid pace of technological change, it could have an adverse impact on our competitive position and our operating results. 
Additionally,  if  our  products  are  deemed  to  infringe  upon  the  patents  or  proprietary  rights  of  others,  we  could  be  required  to 
modify the design of our products, change the name of our products or obtain a license for the use of some of the technologies 
used in our products.

Information Technology and Cybersecurity Risks

Our operations may be adversely affected by any disruption in our information technology systems. 

Our operations are dependent upon our information technology systems, which encompass all of our major business functions. 
We  rely  upon  our  information  technology  systems  to  run  critical  functions,  including  accounting  and  financial  information 
systems, process receivables, manage and replenish inventory, fill and ship customer orders on a timely basis and coordinate 
our  sales  activities  across  all  products  and  services.  A  substantial  disruption  in  our  information  technology  systems  for  any 
prolonged time period could result in problems and delays in generating critical financial and operational information, processing 
receivables, receiving inventory and supplies and filling customer orders. These disruptions could adversely affect our operations 
as  well  as  our  customer  service  and  relationships.  Our  systems,  or  those  of  our  significant  customers  or  suppliers,  might  be 
damaged  or  interrupted  by  natural  or  man-made  events  or  by  computer  viruses,  physical  or  electronic  break-ins  or  similar 
disruptions  affecting  the  global  Internet.  In  addition,  we  rely  on  a  number  of  third-party  service  providers  to  execute  certain 
business  processes  and  maintain  certain  information  technology  systems  and  infrastructure,  and  any  breach  of  security  or 
disruption in their systems could impair our ability to operate effectively. Such disruptions, delays, problems or associated costs 
relating  to  our  systems  or  those  of  our  significant  customers,  suppliers  or  third-party  providers  could  have  a  material  adverse 
effect on our operations, operating results and financial condition.

Security  breaches  and  other  disruptions  to  our  information  technology  infrastructure  amid  a  general  worldwide 
increase  in  threats  and  more  sophisticated  and  targeted  cybercrime  could  compromise  our  and  our  customers'  and 
suppliers' information, which could expose us to liability and damage our reputation.

In  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  we  rely  upon  information  technology  networks  and  systems  to  process,  transmit  and  store 
electronic  information  and  to  manage  or  support  a  variety  of  business  functions,  including  supply  chain,  manufacturing, 
distribution,  invoicing  and  collection  of  payments.  We  use  information  technology  systems  to  record,  process  and  summarize 
financial information and results of operations for internal reporting purposes and to comply with regulatory financial reporting, 
legal and tax requirements. Additionally, we collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, proprietary business 
information and the proprietary business information of customers and suppliers, as well as personally identifiable information of 
customers and employees, in data centers and on information technology networks. The secure operation of these networks and 
the  processing  and  maintenance  of  this  information  is  critical  to  our  business  operations  and  strategy.  We  have  experienced 
cybercrime in the past and, while we believe that we have adopted appropriate measures and procedures to mitigate potential 
risks to our systems from information technology-related disruptions, it is possible that a cybersecurity attack could be successful 
in breaching the measures and procedures designed to protect our systems. In such an event, we could potentially be subject to 
production downtimes, operational delays, other detrimental impacts on our operations or ability to provide products and services 
to our customers, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, misappropriation, destruction or corruption 
of data, security breaches, misappropriation of corporate funds, other manipulation or improper use of our systems or networks, 
legal  claims  or  proceedings,  liability  or  regulatory  penalties  under  laws  protecting  the  privacy  of  personal  information,  financial 
losses from remedial actions, loss of business or potential liability and/or damage to our reputation, any of which could have a 
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. While we have not experienced 
any material losses relating to cybercrime or other information security breaches to date, there can be no assurance that we will 
not  suffer  such  significant  losses  in  the  future.  Moreover,  as  the  cybersecurity  landscape  continues  to  evolve,  the  costs 
associated with our cybersecurity measures and procedures may increase significantly. While we maintain cyber risk insurance, 
in the event of a significant security or data breach, this insurance may not cover all of the losses that we may suffer and may 
result in increased cost or impact the future availability of coverage.

We  may  not  be  able  to  successfully  implement  our  strategic  transformation  initiatives,  including  our  new  enterprise 
resource planning system.

We have launched a multi-year phased implementation of a standardized ERP system across our global organization, which will 
replace  our  existing  disparate  core  financial  systems.  The  upgraded  ERP  will  convert  our  internal  operations,  manufacturing, 
finance,  human  capital  resources  management  and  customer  relationship  systems  to  cloud-based  platforms.  This  new  ERP 
system will provide for standardized processes and integrated technology solutions that enable us to better leverage automation 
and  process  efficiency,  transforming  how  we  connect  people,  products  and  processes  to  operate  as  OneASTEC.  An 
implementation of this scale is a major financial undertaking and has, and will continue to, require substantial time and attention 
of management and key employees. We may not be able to successfully implement our ERP system without delays related to 
resource constraints or challenges with the critical design phases of the implementation. Inefficiencies in our financial reporting 
processes due to the conversion to our new ERP could adversely affect our ability to produce accurate financial statements on a 

18

timely  basis  until  the  new  ERP  and  processes  have  matured.  Furthermore,  we  may  incur  higher  than  anticipated  costs  in 
connection  with  our  ERP  implementation,  which  could  adversely  impact  our  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition. 
Additionally,  the  effectiveness of our internal control over financial  reporting could be adversely affected  if the new ERP  is  not 
successfully implemented.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY

Risk Management and Strategy

We have developed and implemented a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy and risk management program that is informed by 
the following key elements:

•

•

•

Periodic cybersecurity program maturity assessments to evaluate the overall controls, processes, skills and platforms 
leveraged to assess, identify and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats.
Periodic  Business  Impact  Assessments  ("BIAs")  of  key  business  processes  and  services  that  enable  us  to  identify 
sensitive and critical aspects of the business, the impact of operational disruptions to those processes and services and 
the sensitivity of the data leveraged in those processes and services.
An external assessment of the cybersecurity risks associated with our operations.

We utilize internal information technology resources for the primary aspects of our cybersecurity program. Our internal team is 
supported by external service providers and consultants as needed.

To  minimize  the  risk  to  our  core  systems,  we  utilize  well  established  enterprise-grade  cloud  service  providers  for  our 
management and operational functions. We review Service Organization Control Type 2 audit report results from each of these 
service providers to ensure that their programs meet our requirements.

To reduce the risk that we are materially impacted by a cybersecurity incident, we employ a multi-layered defense approach to 
cybersecurity  leveraging  people,  controls,  tools  and  automated/monitored  platforms  to  support  the  detection  and  response  to 
cybersecurity incidents. We also have a cybersecurity incident response plan that outlines the steps we will take to respond to a 
cybersecurity incident, which is tested on a periodic basis.

Finally,  we  conduct  cybersecurity  training  and  awareness  programs  for  relevant  employees  and  periodically  conduct  tabletop 
exercises  leveraging  actual  scenarios  to  validate  and  improve  our  cybersecurity  incident  response  plan  and  ensure  that  our 
management  has  a  thorough  understanding  of  and  experience  executing  their  roles  and  responsibilities  if  a  cybersecurity 
incident were to occur.

Our  cybersecurity  strategy  and  risk  management  program  is  a  component  of  our  overarching  enterprise  risk  management 
program  and  interfaces  with  other  functional  areas  within  the  Company,  including  our  business  segments,  legal,  risk,  human 
resources and internal audit departments.

While we have experienced cybersecurity incidents in the past, we do not believe that any risks from cybersecurity threats have 
materially  affected  or  are  reasonably  likely  to  materially  affect  our  business  or  financial  condition.  However,  there  can  be  no 
assurance  that  we  will  not  suffer  a  significant  event  in  the  future  that  could  materially  affect  our  business,  financial  position, 
results of operations or cash flows. For more information on how cybersecurity risk may materially affect our business, financial 
positions, results of operations or cash flows, please refer to Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors hereof.

Governance

Our  Board  of  Directors  has  primary  responsibility  for  evaluating  cybersecurity  risk  management,  overseeing  our  major 
cybersecurity  risk  exposures  and  the  steps  management  has  taken  to  monitor  and  control  these  exposures,  including  policies 
and procedures for assessing and managing risk, as well as oversight of compliance related to legal and regulatory exposure. 

The  management  positions  responsible  for  assessing  and  managing  cybersecurity  risks  include  our  Director  of  Cybersecurity 
and our Chief Information Officer ("CIO"), who reports directly to our CFO. Our CIO is responsible for ensuring that we have a 
cybersecurity  risk  management  program  in  place  that  is  fully  aligned  with  business  requirements  and  strategy.  Our  CIO  and 
Director  of  Cybersecurity  have  over  19  and  20  years,  respectively,  of  cybersecurity  oversight  experience.  Our  CIO  previously 
served  as  CIO  for  a  New  York  Stock  Exchange  listed  manufacturing  company  prior  to  joining  the  Company. Additionally,  our 
Director of Cybersecurity has experience developing and implementing cybersecurity programs for multiple manufacturing firms.

19

 
As part of our defined cybersecurity policies and cybersecurity incident response plan, management is regularly updated on the 
status  of  the  execution  of  our  cybersecurity  strategy  and  daily  operations  of  the  program.  This  includes  regular  reporting  and 
evaluation of all cybersecurity incidents, not only those that may be deemed material.

Our CIO, supported by our Director of Cybersecurity provides quarterly reports to the Board, which, generally includes:

•
•
•
•

Our cybersecurity risk profile;
Any changes to our cybersecurity strategy;
Status of the execution of the cybersecurity strategy; and
Summary  of  any  non-material  cybersecurity  incidents  that  have  occurred  over  the  past  quarter,  including  the  nature, 
impact and resolution of incidents.

In the event of a material cybersecurity incident, communication to the Board is provided pursuant to our cybersecurity incident 
response plan.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

As of December 31, 2023, our manufacturing, warehouse and office facilities total approximately 3.3 million square feet of space 
globally. We believe all properties to be well maintained and adequate for present use, with sufficient capacities for current needs 
as our business is presently conducted. As we continue to optimize our global footprint, we may identify properties or expansion 
opportunities  at  existing  locations  that  provide  growth  opportunity  or  determine  that  certain  of  our  current  properties  no  longer 
meet our requirements. Such new properties may be leased or purchased, and current properties may be modified, sold, leased 
or utilized in another manner.

Our  corporate  headquarters  are  in  owned  offices  located  in  Chattanooga,  Tennessee.  Additional  administrative  offices  are 
located inside and outside the United States.

The following table lists the principal locations (defined as greater than 20,000 square feet) that are owned or leased by us, as 
denoted, and which are utilized in our continuing business operations:

Location

Segment

Facility Type/Use

Approximate 
Square Feet

Infrastructure Solutions Manufacturing/rebuild, offices, training 

1,352,384 

United States
Chattanooga, Tennessee (1)

Yankton, South Dakota
Eugene, Oregon
Eugene, Oregon
Burlington, Wisconsin
Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin
Parsons, Kansas
Blair, Nebraska
Sterling, Illinois
Rossville, Georgia
Chattanooga, Tennessee (1)
West Columbia, South Carolina (1)

center, warehouse and storage
Manufacturing, warehouse and offices
Materials Solutions
Materials Solutions
Manufacturing and offices
Infrastructure Solutions Manufacturing and offices
Infrastructure Solutions Manufacturing and offices
Infrastructure Solutions Manufacturing
Infrastructure Solutions Manufacturing and offices
Infrastructure Solutions Manufacturing and offices
Manufacturing and offices
Materials Solutions
Infrastructure Solutions Manufacturing
Corporate and Other
Offices and hangar
Infrastructure Solutions Distribution center

International
Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
Materials Solutions
Omagh, County Tyrone, United Kingdom (2) Materials Solutions
Materials Solutions
Vespasiano, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Materials Solutions
Thornbury, Ontario, Canada
Infrastructure Solutions Offices, service, light fabrication, 
Acacia Ridge, Queensland, Australia

Manufacturing and offices
Manufacturing and offices
Manufacturing and offices
Manufacturing and offices

Marieville, Quebec, Canada (1)

warehouse and storage

Infrastructure Solutions Manufacturing, warehouse, offices and 

storage

St-Bruno, Quebec, Canada (1)
(1) These facilities are partially leased.
(2) Includes a manufacturing facility expansion that was completed during December 2023.

Infrastructure Solutions Warehouse and offices

20

344,995 
140,300 
135,920 
112,100 
100,336 
91,600 
90,813 
67,500 
40,500 
37,006 
20,400 

229,000 
205,000 
132,400 
60,500 
36,000 

27,495 

21,800 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We  are  involved  in  a  number  of  legal  proceedings  arising  in  the  ordinary  course  of  our  business.  For  a  discussion  of 
contingencies  related  to  legal  proceedings,  see  Note  16,  Commitments  and  Contingencies  of  the  Notes  to  the  Consolidated 
Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

21

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER 
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Common Stock 

Our  common  stock  is  traded  on  the  Nasdaq  National  Market  under  the  ticker  symbol  "ASTE". As  of February  23,  2024,  there 
were 242 holders of record of our common stock. 

Dividend Policy

We paid cash of $11.8 million and $11.2 million for dividends in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The following table details dividends 
paid per share during 2023 and 2022:

(in dollars)
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Total

2023

2022

$ 

$ 

0.13  $ 
0.13 
0.13 
0.13 
0.52  $ 

0.12 
0.12 
0.12 
0.13 
0.49 

Dividends are paid when, as and if declared at the discretion of our Board from funds legally available for that purpose. While our 
Board currently expects to continue regular quarterly cash dividends, any future determination relating to our dividend policy will 
be  made  at  the  Board's  discretion  and  will  depend  on  a  number  of  factors  including  our  earnings,  financial  condition,  liquidity 
needs, capital requirements, regulatory and contractual restrictions, business plans and opportunities and other factors deemed 
relevant by our Board. In addition, our payment of dividends may be limited by restrictive covenants in our revolving credit facility 
agreement.

Performance Graph

The stock performance graph below is intended to show our stock performance compared with that of comparable companies. 
The stock performance graph compares the cumulative five-year total return provided to shareholders of Astec Industries, Inc.'s 
common stock relative to the cumulative total returns of the Russell 2000 index, our broad equity market comparative index, and 
the S&P 600 SmallCap Industrials index.

22

 
 
 
 
 
 
The  graph  assumes  that  the  value  of  an  investment  in  our  common  stock,  in  the  Russell  2000  index  and  in  the  S&P  600 
SmallCap Industrials index was $100 on December 31, 2018 and assumes reinvestment of all dividends as well as the relative 
performance of each through December 31, 2023.

s
r
a

l
l

o
D

250.00

225.00

200.00

175.00

150.00

125.00

100.00

75.00

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Astec Industries, Inc.

Russell 2000

S&P 600 SmallCap Industrials

(in dollars)
Astec Industries, Inc.
Russell 2000
S&P 600 SmallCap Industrials

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

December 31,

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

100.00
100.00
100.00

140.92
125.49
129.64

196.27
150.50
145.16

236.43
172.74
182.75

140.32
137.40
165.57

130.06
160.59
218.29

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the 
consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 
December 31, 2023. The results of operations and other information included herein are not necessarily indicative of the financial 
condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows  that  may  be  expected  in  future  periods.  This  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K, 
including  matters  discussed  in  this  Item  7.  Management's  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of 
Operations  contains  forward-looking  statements  relating  to  our  plans,  estimates  and  beliefs  that  involve  important  risks  and 
uncertainties. See "Safe Harbor Statements Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act" and Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors 
for  a  discussion  of  uncertainties  and  assumptions  that  may  cause  actual  results  to  differ  materially  from  those  expressed  or 
implied in the forward-looking statements.

This  section  of  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  generally  discusses  2023  and  2022  items  and  year-to-year  comparisons 
between 2023 and 2022. A similar discussion of 2021 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021 can be found 
in Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report 
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

23

The financial condition and results of operations discussed in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition 
and  Results  of  Operations  are  those  of  Astec  Industries,  Inc.  and  its  consolidated  subsidiaries,  collectively,  the  "Company," 
"Astec," "we," "our" or "us."

Business Overview

We design, engineer, manufacture, market and service equipment and components used primarily in asphalt and concrete road 
building  and  related  construction  activities,  as  well  as  certain  other  products.  Our  products  are  used  in  each  phase  of  road 
building,  from  quarrying  and  crushing  the  aggregate  to  application  of  the  road  surface.  We  also  offer  industrial  automation 
controls  and  telematics  platforms  as  well  as  manufacture  certain  equipment  and  components  unrelated  to  road  construction, 
including equipment for the mining, quarrying, construction, demolition, land clearing and recycling industries and port and rail 
yard operators; industrial heat transfer equipment; commercial whole-tree pulpwood chippers; horizontal grinders; blower trucks; 
commercial and industrial burners; and combustion control systems.

Our products are marketed both domestically and internationally primarily to asphalt and concrete producers; highway and heavy 
equipment contractors; utility contractors; sand and gravel producers; construction, demolition, recycle and crushing contractors; 
forestry and environmental recycling contractors; mine and quarry operators; port and inland terminal authorities; power stations 
and domestic and foreign government agencies. In addition to equipment sales, we manufacture and sell replacement parts for 
equipment  in  each  of  our  product  lines  and  replacement  parts  for  some  competitors'  equipment.  The  distribution  and  sale  of 
replacement parts is an integral part of our business.

Executive Summary

Highlights  of  our  financial  results  as  of  and  for  the year  ended  December  31,  2023  as  compared  to  the  prior  year  include  the 
following:

•

•

•

•

•

•

Net sales were $1,338.2 million, an increase of 5.0%

Gross profit was $330.8 million, an increase of 25.3%

Income from operations increased $41.1 million to $48.6 million

Net income attributable to Astec increased $33.6 million to $33.5 million

Diluted earnings per share were $1.47, an increase of 100.0%

Backlog of $569.8 million, a decrease of 37.6%

Significant Items Impacting Financial Results in 2023 

Strategic Transformation Program

We are undergoing a multi-year phased implementation of a standardized enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system across 
our global organization, which will replace much of our existing disparate core financial systems. The upgraded ERP will initially 
convert  our  internal  operations,  manufacturing,  finance,  human  capital  resources  management  and  customer  relationship 
systems  to  cloud-based  platforms.  This  new  ERP  system  will  provide  for  standardized  processes  and  integrated  technology 
solutions that enable us to better leverage automation and process efficiency. An implementation of this scale is a major financial 
undertaking and requires substantial time and attention of management and key employees. We materially completed the ERP 
global design in 2022, launched the human capital resources module in our locations in the United States in January 2023 and 
converted the operations of one manufacturing site along with Corporate during the second quarter of 2023 to set the foundation 
before accelerating the implementation at additional sites in 2024 and 2025. We anticipate incurring total costs associated with 
the ERP implementation in the range of $125 to $150 million, with an estimated $25 to $30 million incurred per year which began 
in 2022.

In addition, in the first quarter of 2022, a lean manufacturing initiative at one of our largest sites was initiated and is expected to 
drive  improvement  in  gross  margin  at  that  site.  We  substantially  completed  the  design  efforts  for  this  project  during  2022.  We 
also began executing investments to acquire and install manufacturing equipment intended to drive increased efficiencies in our 
production processes. We have continued these capital investments during 2023, which are largely completed as of December 
31,  2023.  Gross  margin  improvements  are  expected  to  be  realized  in  conjunction  with  the  project  completion  in  early  to 
mid-2024. This improvement is intended to serve as the optimal blueprint for our other manufacturing facilities.

Total costs of $29.7 million were incurred related to these strategic transformation initiatives in 2023, of which $29.4 million and 
$0.3 million are recorded in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" and "Cost of sales", respectively, in the Consolidated 
Statements of Operations. Costs totaling of $25.5 million and $13.4 million were incurred in 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are 
recorded  in  "Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses"  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations.  Capitalized 

24

implementation costs associated with the ERP implementation totaled $30.6 million, of which $3.3 million and $27.3 million were 
included in "Prepaid expenses and other assets" and "Other long-term assets", respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets 
as of December 31, 2023. Capitalized implementation costs totaled $17.8 million, of which $1.2 million and $16.6 million were 
included in "Prepaid expenses and other assets" and "Other long-term assets", respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets 
as  of  December  31,  2022.  Amortization  of  these  capitalized  implementation  costs  totaled  $1.9  million  during  2023,  which  is 
included in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Tacoma Site Closure

In January 2021, we announced plans to close the Tacoma facility in order to simplify and consolidate operations. The Tacoma 
facility ceased manufacturing operations at the end of 2021. The transfer of the manufacturing and marketing of Tacoma product 
lines to other facilities within the Infrastructure Solutions segment was completed during the first quarter of 2022. The Tacoma 
facility's land, building and certain equipment assets of $15.4 million were included in "Assets held for sale" in the Consolidated 
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022. The sale of these assets was completed in the first quarter of 2023 for $19.9 million. 
We recorded a $3.4 million gain for the sale of these assets in "Restructuring, impairment and other asset charges, net" in the 
Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Leadership Change and Overhead Restructuring

As previously announced on January 6, 2023, Mr. Barry A. Ruffalo's employment as President and Chief Executive Officer was 
terminated  and  he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Jaco  van  der  Merwe.  In  accordance  with  the  terms  of  Mr.  Ruffalo's  separation 
agreement,  we  recorded  $1.8  million  of  restructuring  costs  during  the  first  quarter  of  2023  related  to  the  modification  of  Mr. 
Ruffalo's equity awards as well as third-party transition support costs in "Restructuring, impairment and other asset charges, net" 
in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations.  The  related  recovery  of  $1.6  million  of  previously  incurred  share-based 
compensation  expense  was  recorded  in  "Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses"  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Operations.

Management  continually  reviews  our  organizational  structure  and  operations  to  ensure  they  are  optimized  and  aligned  with 
achieving our near-term and long-term operational and profitability targets. In connection with this review, in February 2023, we 
implemented a limited restructuring plan to right-size and reduce the fixed cost structure of certain overhead departments. Total 
charges  of  $5.5  million  for  employee  termination  costs,  including  equity  award  modifications,  were  recorded  in  "Restructuring, 
impairment  and  other  asset  charges,  net"  and  the  related  recovery  of  $1.0  million  of  previously  incurred  share-based 
compensation  expense  was  recorded  in  "Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses"  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Operations during the year ended December 31, 2023.

37 BP Litigation

On October 5, 2023, a jury rendered a verdict against our Telsmith, Inc. subsidiary in the matter styled 37 Building Products, Ltd. 
("37 BP") v. Telsmith, Inc. ("Telsmith"), et al. originally filed on January 28, 2019. On December 19, 2023, a judgment was issued 
in the amount of $7.9 million (the “Judgment”) which takes into account credit for settlement amounts of all other defendants in 
this case. 37 BP alleged breaches of warranty and negligent misrepresentation regarding equipment manufactured by Telsmith 
and  purchased  by  37  BP  in  2017  through  one  of  our  dealers.  Based  on  the  jury  verdict,  we  recorded  a  loss  contingency  of 
$6.4 million in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and "Other current 
liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets during the third quarter of 2023 representing management's best estimate of the 
loss at that time. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the loss contingency was increased $1.5 million based on the Judgment to a 
total  of  $7.9  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023.  See  Note  16,  Commitments  and  Contingencies  of  the  Notes  to 
Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion of this matter.

Industry and Business Condition 

Our financial performance is affected by a number of factors, including the cyclical nature and varying conditions of the markets 
we  serve.  Demand  in  these  markets  fluctuates  in  response  to  overall  economic  conditions  and  is  particularly  sensitive  to  the 
amount of public sector spending on infrastructure development, privately funded infrastructure development and changes in the 
prices  of  liquid  asphalt,  oil,  natural  gas  and  steel.  In  addition,  many  of  our  markets  are  highly  competitive,  and  our  products 
compete worldwide with similar products produced and sold by a number of other manufacturers and dealers.

Backlog  represents  the  dollar  value  of  firm  orders  for  equipment,  parts  and  related  installation  which  are  expected  to  be 
recognized in net sales in the future. Firm orders are signed commitments from customers to complete a purchase for machinery, 
equipment  or  parts  that  is  expected  to  be  noncancellable  and  are  included  in  backlog  when  we  are  in  receipt  of  an  executed 
contract and any required deposits or security and have not yet been recognized into net sales. Certain orders for which we have 
received binding letters of intent or contracts will not be included in backlog until all required contractual documents and deposits 
are  received.  Backlog  is  not  a  measure  defined  by  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of America 
("U.S.  GAAP"),  and  our  methodology  for  determining  backlog  may  vary  from  the  methodology  used  by  other  companies  in 

25

determining their backlog amounts. In addition, our backlog should not necessarily be viewed as an accurate indicator of revenue 
for any particular period and there is no guarantee that our backlog will be converted to net sales.

Backlog levels provide management and investors additional details of committed orders that are expected to convert to future 
net sales. Management uses backlog information for capacity and resource planning as well as to monitor inventory levels in our 
facilities relative to expected future net sales.

Our  $569.8  million  backlog  of  orders  as  of  December  31,  2023  continues  to  remain  strong. The  backlog  of  orders  decreased 
$342.9 million, or 37.6%, compared to $912.7 million as of December 31, 2022. The decrease in backlog was driven by 2023 
sales delivery outpacing new orders compared to a build of backlog throughout 2022, which was largely due to strong customer 
demand  and  logistics  and  manufacturing  throughput  disruptions.  We  have  experienced  a  reduction  in  new  order  intake  and 
expect  backlog  to  continue  to  decline  primarily  from  our  dealer  customers  as  macroeconomic  factors  such  as  inflation  and 
increased interest rates, among other factors, influence spending patterns. In addition, our shorter production lead times allow for 
customers to place orders closer to when the equipment delivery is desired. We are also focused on prudent expansion of our 
production  capacity  that  we  anticipate  will  allow  us  to  more  effectively  convert  backlog  to  sales  in  the  future  with  greater 
efficiency and shorter lead times.

Federal funding provides a significant portion of all highway, street, roadway and parking construction in the United States. As 
federal highway funding programs have consistently been in place for several decades, we believe that these funding programs 
provide  stability  in  the  purchasing  decisions  of  our  customers  by  allowing  them  to  plan  and  execute  longer-term  projects  with 
federal  legislation  in  place  over  a  multi-year  period. The  U.S.  government  enacted  the  Infrastructure  Investment  and  Jobs Act 
("IIJA") in November 2021 as a replacement for the prior program. The IIJA allocates $548 billion in government spending to new 
infrastructure over the five-year period concluding in 2026, with certain amounts specifically allocated to fund highway and bridge 
projects.  We  believe  that  multi-year  highway  programs  (such  as  the  IIJA)  have  a  positive  impact  on  the  domestic  road 
construction industry.

Significant  portions  of  our  revenues  from  the  Infrastructure  Solutions  segment  relate  to  the  sale  of  equipment  involved  in  the 
production, handling, recycling or application of asphalt mix and, to a lesser extent, concrete as surface choices for roads and 
highways. Liquid asphalt is a by-product of oil refining. An increase or decrease in the price of oil impacts the cost of asphalt, 
which is likely to alter demand for asphalt and therefore affect demand for certain of our products. While increasing oil prices may 
have a negative financial impact on many of our customers, our equipment can use a significant amount of reclaimed asphalt 
pavement, thereby partially mitigating the effect of increased oil prices on the final cost of asphalt for the customer. We continue 
to develop products and initiatives to reduce the amount of oil and related products required to produce asphalt. While oil prices 
had declined from the peak prices in 2022, throughout 2023 they have remained at relatively high levels. Price volatility continues 
to make it difficult to predict the costs of oil-based products used in road construction such as liquid asphalt and gasoline. Oil 
prices  have  routinely  fluctuated  in  recent  years  and  are  expected  to  continue  to  fluctuate  in  the  future.  Based  on  the  current 
macroeconomic environment, including ongoing international conflicts, we anticipate that oil prices will remain at relatively high 
levels throughout 2024.

Steel is a major component of our equipment. Steel prices stabilized at historically high levels at the end of 2022 and have held 
relatively steady at these levels throughout 2023, with increases in the first half of the year offset by price declines in the second 
half.  We  anticipate  that  steel  prices  will  remain  at  relatively  high  levels  throughout  2024. Lead  times  increased  during  the  first 
quarter of 2023 driven by stronger demand, followed by a normalization in the second half of the year before falling late in the 
year  due  to  price  increases  announced  by  both  domestic  and  international  mills. We  anticipate  that  steel  demand  will  remain 
relatively  stable  in  2024,  driven  by  the  IIJA  domestically  and  impacted  by  international  production  capacity.  We  continue  to 
employ flexible strategies to ensure supply and minimize the impact of price volatility. Potential ongoing constraints in the supply 
of  certain  steel  products  may  continue  pressuring  the  availability  of  other  components  used  in  our  manufacturing  process. 
Furthermore, given the volatility of steel prices and the nature of our customers' orders, we may not be able to pass through all 
increases in steel costs to our customers, which negatively impacts our gross profit and margins.

We actively manage our global supply chain for any identified constraints and volatility. Supply chain constraints experienced in 
prior  periods  have  eased  recently,  however,  lead  times  for  certain  key  supplies  remain  elongated.  We  continue  to  focus  on 
identifying and qualifying alternative suppliers wherever possible, to help alleviate any lagging or potential future challenges in 
our  supply  chain.  We  also  continually  monitor  potential  future  supply  costs  and  availability  in  an  effort  to  proactively  address 
challenges that might occur.

In  addition,  while  we  have  continued  to  experience  shortages  of  necessary  production  personnel  in  certain  markets,  we  have 
seen a slight easing in the tight labor market. Higher labor costs to attract staff in our manufacturing operations are continuing to 
be  at  elevated  levels,  and  increases  are  expected  to  continue  into  2024.  We  continue  to  adjust  our  production  schedules  and 
manufacturing workload distribution, provide comprehensive training, outsource components, implement efficiency improvements 
and  actively  modify  our  recruitment  process  and  compensation  and  benefits  to  attract  and  retain  production  personnel  in  our 
manufacturing facilities. 

Whenever possible, we attempt to cover increased costs of production by adjusting the prices of our products. The markets we 
serve  are  competitive  in  nature,  and  competition  limits  our  ability  to  pass  through  cost  increases  in  many  cases. Through  our 

26

operational  excellence  initiatives,  we  also  strive  to  minimize  the  effect  of  inflation  through  cost  reductions  and  improved 
manufacturing efficiencies.

Results of Operations: 2023 vs. 2022

Net Sales

Net sales increased $63.7 million, or 5.0%, to $1,338.2 million in 2023 from $1,274.5 million in 2022. The increase in net sales 
was  primarily  driven  by  favorable  pricing  partially  offset  by  net  unfavorable  volume  and  mix  that  generated  increases  in  (i) 
equipment sales of $29.9 million, (ii) service and equipment installation revenue of $27.9 million and (iii) parts and component 
sales of $14.5 million. These increases were partially offset by decreased used equipment sales of $5.6 million. Sales reported 
by  our  foreign  subsidiaries  in  U.S.  dollars  for 2023  would  have  been  $8.1  million  higher  had  foreign  exchange  rates  been  the 
same as the 2022 rates.

Domestic sales for 2023 were $1,083.4 million, or 81.0% of net sales, compared to $1,014.3 million, or 79.6% of net sales, for 
2022, an increase of $69.1 million, or 6.8%. Domestic sales increased primarily due to increases in (i) equipment sales of $37.0 
million,  (ii)  service  and  equipment  installation  revenue  of  $22.1  million  and  (iii)  parts  and  components  sales  of  $16.1  million. 
These increases were partially offset by decreased used equipment sales of $3.1 million.

International sales for 2023 were $254.8 million, or 19.0% of net sales, compared to $260.2 million, or 20.4% of net sales, for 
2022, a decrease of $5.4 million, or 2.1%. International sales decreased primarily due to lower equipment sales of $7.1 million 
partially offset by higher service and equipment installation revenue of $5.8 million.

Gross Profit

Consolidated  gross  profit  for 2023  was  $330.8  million,  or  24.7%  of  net  sales,  as  compared  to  $264.1  million,  or  20.7%  of  net 
sales, in 2022, an increase of $66.7 million, or 25.3%. The increase was primarily driven by favorable pricing partially offset by 
net unfavorable volume and mix that generated $104.8 million higher gross profit and $2.3 million of gross profit generated by an 
acquired  business.  These  increases  were  partially  offset  by  the  impact  of  inflation  on  materials,  labor  and  overhead  of  $40.8 
million.  While  manufacturing  efficiencies  were  generated  in  2023  primarily  due  to  the  impact  of  cost  savings  initiatives  and 
favorable  inventory  adjustments  inclusive  of  an  out-of-period  benefit  of  $1.9  million  associated  with  the  correction  of  over-
accruals of inventory-related expenses recorded in the first quarter of 2023, such efficiencies were offset by increased warranty 
costs resulting in relatively consistent manufacturing efficiencies year-over-year.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for 2023 were $276.4 million, or 20.7% of net sales, compared to $247.6 million, or 
19.4%  of  net  sales,  for  2022,  an  increase  of  $28.8  million,  or  11.6%,  primarily  due  to  (i)  increased  net  payroll  and  employee 
benefit  costs  of  $13.6  million,  which  was  largely  driven  by  general  employee  cost  increases  and  higher  annual  incentive 
compensation costs of $5.5 million, partially offset by lower share-based compensation expense of $3.8 million mainly related to 
the recovery of share-based compensation expense for awards that were forfeited or modified in conjunction with the termination 
of our previous Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and the limited overhead restructuring action implemented in February 2023 and 
lower health insurance costs of $2.0 million, (ii) a $7.9 million loss contingency recorded related to the 37 BP litigation, (iii) $4.3 
million  increased  consulting,  prototype  and  project  costs,  (iv)  $3.9  million  of  increased  costs  related  to  our  strategic 
transformation program, (v) $2.8 million of higher exhibit and promotional costs primarily due to the ConExpo industry trade show 
held  once  every  three  years  and  (vi)  incremental  expenses  associated  with  the  acquisition  of  MINDS Automation  Group,  Inc. 
("MINDS"),  of  $1.1  million.  These  increases  were  partially  offset  by  lower  amortization  expense  of  $3.3  million  and  reduced 
acquisition and integration related costs of $2.1 million primarily associated with the acquisition of MINDS.

27

Restructuring, Impairment and Other Asset Charges, Net

Restructuring, asset impairment charges and the net gains on the sale of property and equipment for the years ended December 
31, 2023 and 2022 are presented below: 

(in millions)
Restructuring charges:

Costs associated with leadership change and overhead restructuring 
Costs associated with exited operations - Enid
Costs associated with closing Tacoma

Total restructuring related charges

Asset impairment charges:
Other impairment charges
Total asset impairment charges

Gain on sale of property and equipment, net:
Gain on sale of property and equipment, net
Total gain on sale of property and equipment, net

Years Ended December 31, 

2023

2022

$ 

7.3  $ 
0.4 
— 
7.7 

1.2 
1.2 

4.4 
1.0 
0.8 
6.2 

3.5 
3.5 

(3.1)   
(3.1)   

(0.7) 
(0.7) 

Restructuring, impairment and other asset charges, net

$ 

5.8  $ 

9.0 

See  Note  21,  Strategic  Transformation  and  Restructuring,  Impairment  and  Other  Asset  Charges,  of  the  Notes  to  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussion of the individual 
restructuring actions taken and the impairment charges recorded.

Interest Expense

Interest expense of $8.9 million was incurred for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $2.5 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $6.4 million, primarily related to higher outstanding borrowings on our revolving credit 
facility.

Income Tax Provision

Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $9.1 million, reflecting a 21.3% effective tax rate, compared to 
$5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, reflecting a 113.6% effective tax rate. Our effective tax rates are affected by 
recurring  items  which  are  generally  consistent  from  period  to  period,  as  well  as  discrete  items  that  may  occur  but  are  not 
consistent from period to period.

The  item  having  the  most  significant  impact  on  the  effective  tax  rate  for 2023  is  a  net  benefit  of  $1.8  million  for  research  and 
development  tax  credits.  The  items  having  the  most  significant  impact  on  the  effective  tax  rate  for  2022  include  discrete  tax 
expense  for  a  foreign  valuation  allowance  of $5.5  million  for  net  operating  losses  ("NOLs")  at  our  Brazilian  subsidiary  partially 
offset  by  the  net  benefits  of  $2.1  million  for  research  and  development  tax  credits  and  $0.9  million  from  the  foreign  derived 
intangible income deduction. Future utilization of our NOLs and state tax credit carryforwards is evaluated on a periodic basis, 
and the valuation allowance is adjusted accordingly. There is no guarantee that we will not incur additional valuation allowances 
to our NOLs.

Backlog

The backlog of orders at December 31, 2023 was $569.8 million compared to $912.7 million at December 31, 2022, a decrease
of  $342.9  million,  or  37.6%.  Domestic  and  international  backlogs  decreased  $323.2  million,  or  41.8%,  and  $19.7  million,  or 
14.1%,  respectively.  The  backlog  decreased $162.5  million  to  $404.6  million  in  the  Infrastructure  Solutions  segment  and 
decreased $178.5 million to $162.7 million in the Materials Solutions segment. The Corporate and Other backlog represents our 
controls and automation business and totaled $2.5 million as of December 31, 2023, a decrease of $1.9 million. The decrease in 
backlog was driven by 2023 sales delivery outpacing new orders compared to a build of backlog throughout 2022, which was 
largely  due  to  strong  customer  demand  and  logistics  and  manufacturing  throughput  disruptions.  We  have  experienced  a 
reduction in new order intake and expect backlog to continue to decline primarily from our dealer customers as macroeconomic 
factors such as inflation and increased interest rates, among other factors, influence spending patterns. In addition, our shorter 
production lead times allow for customers to place orders closer to when the equipment delivery is desired. We are also focused 

28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
on prudent expansion of our production capacity that we anticipate will allow us to more effectively convert backlog to sales in 
the future with greater efficiency and shorter lead times.

Net Sales by Segment

(in millions)
Infrastructure Solutions

Materials Solutions

Corporate and Other

Infrastructure Solutions

Years Ended December 31, 

2023

2022

$ Change

% Change

$ 

$ 

$ 

878.8  $ 

450.0  $ 

9.4  $ 

847.4  $ 

422.7  $ 

4.4  $ 

31.4 

27.3 

5.0 

 3.7 %

 6.5 %

 113.6 %

Sales in this segment were $878.8 million for 2023 compared to $847.4 million for 2022, an increase of $31.4 million, or 3.7%. 
The  increase  was  primarily  driven  by  favorable  pricing  partially  offset  by  net  unfavorable  volume  and  mix  that  generated 
increased  service  and  equipment  installation  revenue  and  parts  and  component  sales  of  $23.0  million  and  $15.9  million, 
respectively.  These  increases  were  partially  offset  by  lower  new  and  used  equipment  sales  of  $4.4  million  and  $3.4  million, 
respectively.

Domestic sales for the Infrastructure Solutions segment increased by $40.0 million, or 5.7%, for 2023 compared to 2022 primarily 
due to increases in (i) service and equipment installation revenue of $21.9 million, (ii) parts and component sales of $17.4 million
and (iii) equipment sales of $3.6 million. These increases were partially offset by lower used equipment sales of $3.1 million.

International sales for the Infrastructure Solutions segment decreased $8.6 million, or 6.0%, for 2023 compared to 2022 primarily 
due to decreased equipment sales of $8.0 million.

Materials Solutions

Sales in this segment were $450.0 million for 2023 compared to $422.7 million for 2022, an increase of $27.3 million, or 6.5%. 
The  increase  was  primarily  driven  by  favorable  pricing  partially  offset  by  net  unfavorable  volume  and  mix  that  generated 
increased equipment sales and service and equipment installation revenue of $30.2 million and $4.7 million, respectively. These 
increases were partially offset by decreased other revenue of $3.9 million primarily driven by increased utilization of our interest 
subsidy programs offered to some of our dealer customers.

Domestic sales for the Materials Solutions segment increased $27.8 million, or 9.1%, for 2023 compared to 2022 primarily due to 
increased  equipment  sales  of  $32.8  million  partially  offset  by  decreased  other  revenue  of  $3.7  million  primarily  driven  by 
increased utilization of our interest subsidy programs offered to certain of our dealer customers.

International sales for the Materials Solutions segment decreased $0.5 million, or 0.4%, for 2023 compared to 2022 primarily due 
to decreased new and used equipment sales of $2.6 million and $2.2 million, respectively, partially offset by higher service and 
equipment installation revenue of $4.6 million.

Corporate and Other

Corporate and Other sales are generated from our controls and automation business. Sales were $9.4 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2023 compared to $4.4 million for the same period in 2022, an increase of $5.0 million, or 113.6%. The increase 
was  primarily  related  to  net  incremental  sales  from  MINDS  during  the  first  quarter  of  2023.  The  MINDS  acquisition  was 
completed on April 1, 2022 and results of operations have been consolidated from that date.

Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA

Segment  Operating Adjusted  EBITDA  is  the  measure  of  segment  profit  or  loss  used  by  our  Chief  Executive  Officer,  whom  is 
determined to be the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), to evaluate performance and allocate resources to the operating 
segments.  Segment  Operating Adjusted  EBITDA,  a  non-GAAP  financial  measure,  is  defined  as  net  income  or  loss  before  the 
impact  of  interest  income  or  expense,  income  taxes,  depreciation  and  amortization  and  certain  other  adjustments  that  are  not 
considered by the CODM in the evaluation of ongoing operating performance. This non-GAAP financial measure can be useful to 
investors  in  understanding  operating  results  and  the  performance  of  our  core  business  from  management's  perspective.  Our 
presentation of Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies and 
is  not  necessarily  indicative  of  the  results  of  operations  that  would  have  occurred  had  each  reportable  segment  been  an 
independent,  stand-alone  entity  during  the  periods  presented.  See  Note 19,  Operations  by  Industry  Segment  and  Geographic 

29

Area, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a 
reconciliation of Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA to total consolidated net income attributable to controlling interest.

(in millions)
Infrastructure Solutions

Materials Solutions

Corporate and Other

Infrastructure Solutions

Years Ended December 31, 

2023

2022

$ Change

% Change

$ 

$ 

$ 

105.8  $ 

50.8  $ 

(44.9)  $ 

73.0  $ 

44.5  $ 

(46.5)  $ 

32.8 

6.3 

1.6 

 44.9 %

 14.2 %

 3.4 %

Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA for the Infrastructure Solutions segment was $105.8 million for 2023 compared to $73.0 
million for 2022, an increase of $32.8 million, or 44.9%. The increase in Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA resulted primarily 
from the impact of favorable pricing partially offset by net unfavorable volume and mix that generated $73.8 million higher gross 
profit and manufacturing efficiencies of $2.8 million. Manufacturing efficiencies were primarily due to the impact of cost savings 
initiatives and favorable inventory adjustments inclusive of the impact of an out-of-period benefit of $1.9 million associated with 
the correction of over-accruals of inventory-related expenses recorded in the first quarter of 2023, which were partially offset by 
operating  inefficiencies. These  increases  to  Segment  Operating Adjusted  EBITDA  were  partially  offset  by  the  impact  of  higher 
inflation on materials, labor and overhead costs of $25.5 million and increased selling, general and administrative costs of $18.5 
million,  primarily  due  to  $15.1  million  higher  personnel  related  costs  largely  driven  by  general  employee  cost  increases  and 
higher annual incentive compensation costs. 

Materials Solutions

Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA for the Materials Solutions segment was $50.8 million for 2023 compared to $44.5 million
for 2022, an increase of $6.3 million, or 14.2%. The increase in Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA resulted primarily from the 
impact of favorable pricing that generated $31.7 million higher gross profit. While manufacturing efficiencies were generated in 
2023 primarily due to the benefit of cost savings initiatives, such efficiencies were offset by increased warranty program costs 
and operating inefficiencies resulting in relatively consistent manufacturing efficiencies year-over-year. These Segment Operating 
Adjusted EBITDA increases were partially offset by the impact of higher inflation on materials, labor and overhead costs of $15.3 
million and increased selling, general and administrative costs of $10.9 million, primarily due to a $7.9 million loss contingency 
recorded related to the 37 BP litigation and $3.0 million of higher personnel related costs.

Corporate and Other

Corporate and Other operations had net expenses of $44.9 million for 2023 compared to $46.5 million for 2022, a decrease of 
$1.6  million  or  3.4%.  The  decrease  in  expenses  was  primarily  driven  by  $2.2  million  of  lower  general  and  administrative 
expenses,  primarily  associated  with  personnel  related  costs  including  the  recovery  of  share-based  compensation  expense 
related  to  awards  forfeited  or  modified  in  conjunction  with  the  termination  of  our  previous  CEO  and  the  limited  overhead 
restructuring  action  implemented  in  February  2023  partially  offset  by  increased  technology  support  costs.  Additionally,  an 
incremental  $1.5  million  of  profit  was  contributed  by  MINDS  during  the  first  quarter  of  2023.  The  MINDS  acquisition  was 
completed on April 1, 2022 and results of operations have been consolidated from that date.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our  primary  sources  of  liquidity  and  capital  resources  are  cash  and  cash  equivalents  on  hand,  borrowing  capacity  under  a 
$250.0 million revolving credit facility and cash flows from operations. As of December 31, 2023, our total liquidity was $234.5 
million, consisting of $59.8 million of cash and cash equivalents available for operating purposes and $174.7 million available for 
additional  borrowings  under  our  revolving  credit  facility,  to  the  extent  our  compliance  with  financial  covenants  permits  such 
borrowings. Our foreign subsidiaries held $25.1 million of cash and cash equivalents available for operating purposes which is 
considered to be indefinitely invested in those jurisdictions. 

Our  future  cash  requirements  primarily  include  working  capital  needs,  debt  service  obligations,  capital  expenditures,  vendor 
hosted  software  arrangements  including  the  related  implementation  costs,  unrecognized  tax  benefits  and  operating  lease 
payments. In addition, our variable cash uses may include the payment of our quarterly cash dividend, financing other strategic 
initiatives of our business, including, but not limited to, our strategic transformation initiatives and strategic acquisitions and share 
repurchases under our share repurchase authorization. We believe that our current working capital, cash flows generated from 
future  operations  and  available  capacity  under  our  revolving  credit  facility  will  be  sufficient  to  meet  working  capital  and  capital 
expenditure requirements for our existing business for at least the next 12 months.

On  December  19,  2022,  we  entered  into  a  new  credit  agreement  (the  "Credit  Agreement")  with  Wells  Fargo  Bank,  National 
Association,  as  administrative  agent,  and  the  lenders  party  thereto,  which  replaced  the  previously  existing  credit  facility  with  a 
borrowing  capacity  of  $150.0  million  and  a  maturity  date  of  December  29,  2023  (the  "Previous  Credit  Facility").  The  Credit 

30

Agreement provides for (i) a revolving credit facility (consisting of revolving credit loans and swingline loans) and a letter of credit 
facility, in an aggregate amount of up to $250.0 million, (ii) an incremental credit facility in an aggregate amount not to exceed 
$125.0 million (the "Credit Facilities") and (iii) a maturity date of December 19, 2027.

We had $72.0 million and $78.0 million in outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022, 
respectively.  Our  outstanding  letters  of  credit  totaling  $3.3  million  decreased  borrowing  availability  to  $174.7  million  under  the 
revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2023. We anticipate continuing to utilize the Credit Facilities with more frequency in 
the  near-term  to  support  our  working  capital  needs.  The  Credit  Agreement  contains  certain  financial  covenants,  including 
requirements related to our Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio and Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio, each as defined in 
the  agreement.  Failure  to  satisfy  these  covenants  could  result  in  the  accelerated  repayment  of  our  indebtedness.  We  were  in 
compliance with all covenants of the Credit Facilities at December 31, 2023. Due to the increased borrowings under our Credit 
Facilities and higher interest rates, we expect our interest expense in the near-term to remain at elevated levels.

Our Brazilian subsidiary maintains a separate term loan for working capital purposes with a bank in Brazil, which is secured by its 
manufacturing facility.

Certain of our international subsidiaries in Australia, Brazil, Canada, South Africa and the United Kingdom each have separate 
credit  facilities  with  local  financial  institutions  primarily  to  finance  short-term  working  capital  needs,  as  well  as  to  cover  foreign 
exchange  contracts,  performance  letters  of  credit,  advance  payment  and  retention  guarantees.  In  addition,  the  Brazilian 
subsidiary also enters into order anticipation agreements on a periodic basis. Both the outstanding borrowings under the credit 
facilities  of  the  international  subsidiaries  and  the  order  anticipation  agreements  are  recorded  in  "Short-term  debt"  in  our 
Consolidated Balance Sheets. Each of the credit facilities are generally guaranteed by Astec Industries, Inc. and/or secured with 
certain assets of the local subsidiary.

We regularly enter into agreements primarily to purchase inventory in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2023, 
open purchase obligations totaled $177.7 million, of which $153.5 million are expected to be fulfilled within one year.

We estimate that our capital expenditures will be between $25 and $35 million for the year ending December 31, 2024, which 
may  be  impacted  by  general  economic,  financial  or  operational  changes  and  competitive,  legislative  and  regulatory  factors, 
among other considerations.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes cash flows during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

(in millions)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Effect of exchange rates on cash
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

Years Ended December 31, 

2023

2022

$ 

$ 

27.8  $ 
(12.9)   
(18.3)   
0.6 
(2.8)   
63.2  $ 

(73.9) 
(53.2) 
60.1 
(1.4) 
(68.4) 
66.0 

Our operating activities provided net cash of $27.8 million during 2023 as compared to a net use of $73.9 million in cash during 
2022. This  increase  is  primarily  due  to  reduced  net  cash  usages  from  our  operating  assets  and  liabilities  of $60.7  million  and 
higher  net  income  reduced  by  non-cash  charges  of  $41.8  million. The  reduced  net  cash  usages  for  our  operating  assets  and 
liabilities  were  mainly  driven  by  the  timing  of  collections  on  trade  accounts  receivables $48.5  million  and  decreased  inventory 
purchases  in  2023  of  $33.4  million  partially  offset  by  the  timing  of  payments  on  trade  accounts  payables  of $17.8  million  and 
decreased customer deposits of $8.9 million associated with lower backlog.

Net cash used in investing activities

Net  cash  used  in  investing  activities decreased  by  $40.3  million  during  2023  as  compared  to  2022  primarily  due  to  the  cash 
inflows from the sale of the Tacoma facility's land, building and certain equipment assets for $19.9 million in the first quarter of 
2023 and the net cash used to acquire MINDS in the second quarter of 2022 for $17.8 million.

31

 
 
 
 
 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

Our financing activities used net cash of $18.3 million during 2023 as opposed to providing net cash of $60.1 million during 2022 
primarily due to increased net repayments on borrowings of $89.7 million partially offset by repurchases of stock under our share 
repurchase program of $10.1 million in 2022 that did not recur.

Financial Condition

Our current assets increased to $719.5 million at December 31, 2023 from $696.4 million at December 31, 2022, an increase of 
$23.1  million,  or  3.3%,  due  primarily  to  increased  inventories  of  $62.2  million. This  increase  was  partially  offset  by  decreased 
trade and other net receivables and contract assets of $20.9 million, the sale of our Tacoma site previously recorded as "Assets 
held  for  sale"  for  $15.4  million  and  decreased  cash,  cash  equivalents  and  restricted  cash  of  $2.8  million. Accounts  receivable 
days outstanding decreased from 44.5 in 2022 to 40.7 in 2023.

Our current liabilities increased to $299.0 million at December 31, 2023 from $274.0 million at December 31, 2022, an increase 
of $25.0 million, or 9.1%, primarily due to increases of $9.7 million in accounts payable, $8.8 million in accrued employee related 
liabilities and $4.6 million in accrued product warranty.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Application of these principles requires us to 
make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts as reported in the consolidated financial statements. Accounting policies 
involving  estimates  that  are  critical  to  our  financial  statements  are  described  below.  These  and  other  accounting  policies  are 
more fully described in Note 2, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Inventory  Valuation:  Inventories  are  valued  at  the  lower  of  first-in,  first-out  cost  or  net  realizable  value.  The  most  significant 
component of our inventories is steel. Open market prices are subject to volatility and determine our cost of steel. During periods 
when  open  market  prices  decline,  we  may  need  to  reduce  the  carrying  value  of  the  inventory.  In  addition,  certain  items  in 
inventory  become  obsolete  over  time,  and  we  reduce  the  carrying  value  of  these  items  to  their  net  realizable  value.  These 
reductions  are  determined  by  management  based  on  estimates,  assumptions  and  judgments  made  from  the  information 
available at that time. We do not believe it is reasonably likely that the inventory values will materially change in the near future.

Product Warranty Reserves: We accrue for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. Warranty 
obligations  by  product  line  or  model  are  evaluated  based  on  historical  warranty  claims  experience.  Estimated  warranty 
obligations are based upon warranty terms, product failure rates, repair costs and current period machine shipments. If actual 
product  failure  rates,  repair  costs,  service  delivery  costs  or  post-sales  support  costs  differ  from  our  estimates,  revisions  to  the 
estimated warranty liability may be required.

Self-Insurance Reserves: We retain the risk for a portion of our workers' compensation claims and general liability claims by way 
of  a  captive  insurance  company,  Astec  Insurance.  Undiscounted  reserves  for  claims  and  potential  claims  related  to  general 
liability and workers' compensation are actuarially determined to cover the ultimate cost of each claim based on our evaluation of 
the type and severity of individual claims and historical information, primarily our own claims experience, along with assumptions 
about future events. Changes in assumptions, as well as changes in actual experience, could cause these estimates to change 
in the future. However, we do not believe it is reasonably likely that the reserve level will materially change in the foreseeable 
future.

We  are  also  self-insured  for  health  and  prescription  claims  under  our  Group  Health  Insurance  Plan  for  all  of  our  domestic 
employees. We maintain a reserve for the self-insured health plan that includes both unpaid claims and an estimate of claims 
incurred but not reported, based on historical claims and payment experience. Historically, the reserves have been sufficient to 
provide for claims payments. Changes in actual claims experience or payment patterns could cause the reserve to change, but 
we do not believe it is reasonably likely that the reserve level will materially change in the near future.

Capitalization  of  Internal  Use  Software:  We  capitalize  certain  software  development  costs  during  the  application  development 
stage, including those associated with our multi-year phased ERP implementation. These costs include personnel expenses for 
employees and costs for third-party consulting services which are directly associated with the implementation. Capitalization for 
each  phase  ends  once  the  implementation  for  that  phase  is  substantially  complete,  at  which  point  the  capitalized  costs  are 
amortized ratably over the remaining contract term plus any reasonably certain renewal periods. There is judgment involved in 
estimating the stage of development and the internal costs allocated to the implementation. A change in these estimates could 
materially  impact  the  amount  capitalized,  the  associated  amortization  expense  in  subsequent  periods  and  the  amount  of 
expenses recognized in current periods that do not qualify for capitalization.

32

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Impairment: Goodwill is tested for impairment annually on October 1, or more frequently, if 
events  or  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset  may  not  be  recoverable.  Goodwill  is  allocated  to,  and 
evaluated for impairment at, four identified reporting units.

Goodwill is tested for impairment by either performing a qualitative evaluation or a quantitative test. The qualitative evaluation is 
an  assessment  of  factors  that  includes,  but  is  not  limited  to,  the  macroeconomic  conditions,  industry  and  competitive 
environment conditions, overall financial performance, business specific events and market considerations to determine whether 
it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  a  reporting  unit's  fair  value  is  less  than  its  carrying  amount.  We  may  elect  not  to  perform  the 
qualitative assessment for some or all reporting units and perform the quantitative impairment test.

The quantitative goodwill impairment test requires us to compare the carrying value of the reporting unit's net assets to the fair 
value  of  the  reporting  unit.  We  determine  fair  values  of  each  reporting  unit  using  an  equally  weighted  combination  of  the 
discounted cash flow method, a form of the income approach, and the guideline public company method, a form of the market 
approach. This analysis requires significant assumptions, including projected net sales, projected earnings before interest, tax, 
depreciation  and  amortization,  terminal  growth  rates,  the  cost  of  capital,  the  selection  of  appropriate  guideline  companies  and 
related  valuation  multiples.  Our  estimates  are  subject  to  change  given  the  inherent  uncertainty  in  predicting  future  results. 
Additionally, the discount rate and the terminal growth rate are based on our judgment of the rates that would be utilized by a 
hypothetical market participant.

We  performed  a  qualitative  analysis  during  2023  on  our  four  reporting  units  whereby  the  fair  values  of  each  reporting  unit 
exceeded  its  carrying  value  and  therefore  no  indicators  of  impairment  existed. As  of  December  31,  2023  and  2022  the  net 
carrying amount of goodwill was $46.3 million and $45.2 million, respectively. No goodwill impairment charges were recognized 
in 2023, 2022 or 2021. 

Intangible  assets  with  definite  lives  are  tested  for  impairment  if  conditions  exist  that  indicate  the  carrying  value  may  not  be 
recoverable. Risk factors that may be considered include an economic downturn in the general economy, a geographic market or 
the commercial and residential construction industries, a change in the assessment of future operations as well as the cyclical 
nature of our industry and the customization of the equipment we sell, each of which may cause adverse fluctuations in operating 
results. Other risk factors considered would be an increase in the price or a decrease in the availability of oil that could reduce 
the  demand  for  our  products  in  addition  to  the  significant  fluctuations  in  the  purchase  price  of  raw  materials  not  recoverable 
through  selling  price  increases  that  could  have  a  negative  impact  on  the  cost  of  production  and  gross  profit  as  well  as  others 
more fully described in the Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Some of the inputs used in 
the impairment testing are highly subjective and are affected by changes in business factors and other conditions. Changes in 
any of the inputs could have an effect on future tests and result in impairment charges.

Income  Taxes:  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  the  future  tax  consequences  attributable  to  differences 
between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss 
and  tax  credit  carryforwards.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  measured  using  enacted  tax  rates  expected  to  apply  to 
taxable  income  in  the  years  in  which  those  temporary  differences  are  expected  to  be  recovered  or  settled.  We  periodically 
assess the need to establish valuation allowances against our deferred tax assets to the extent we no longer believe it is more-
likely-than-not  that  the  tax  assets  will  be  fully  utilized.  Judgment  is  required  in  determining  the  provision  for  income  taxes, 
deferred tax assets and liabilities and the valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets. Liabilities for uncertain 
income tax positions are based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining 
if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained on audit, including 
resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step requires an estimate and measurement of the tax 
benefit  as  the  largest  amount  that  is  more  than  50%  likely  to  be  realized  upon  ultimate  settlement.  It  is  inherently  difficult  and 
subjective to estimate such amounts, as we must determine the probability of various possible outcomes. We reevaluate these 
uncertain  tax  positions  on  a  quarterly  basis  or  when  new  information  becomes  available.  These  reevaluations  are  based  on 
factors  including,  but  not  limited  to,  changes  in  facts  or  circumstances,  changes  in  tax  law,  successfully  settled  issues  under 
audit,  expirations  due  to  statutes  and  new  audit  activity.  Such  a  change  in  recognition  or  measurement  could  result  in  the 
recognition of a tax benefit or an increase to accrued taxes.

Recent Accounting Changes and Pronouncements

See  Note  2,  Basis  of  Presentation  and  Significant Accounting  Policies  of  the  Notes  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements 
included  in  Part  II,  Item  8  of  this Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  discussion  of  recently  issued  accounting  pronouncements 
applicable to us and the impact of those standards on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

33

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Risk and Risk Management Policies

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to changes in interest rates, primarily from our Credit Facilities and our international credit facilities and term 
loan.  Our  Credit  Facilities  include  a $250.0  million  revolving  credit  facility,  which  bears  interest  based  on  market  rates  plus  an 
applicable  margin  as  defined  in  the  Credit Agreement.  Based  on  the  outstanding  balance  on  our  domestic  Credit  Facilities  of 
$72.0 million as of December 31, 2023, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in the interest rates would have a $0.7 million 
impact  on  our  annualized  interest  expense.  We  had  outstanding  Credit  Facilities  of $78.0  million  as  of  December  31,  2022,  a 
hypothetical  100  basis  point  increase  in  the  interest  rates  would  have  had  a  $0.8  million  impact  on  our  annualized  interest 
expense in 2022. We currently do not hedge variable interest.

Foreign Exchange Risk

We are subject to foreign exchange risk at our foreign subsidiaries that have operations denominated in currencies other than 
the  U.S.  dollar.  These  foreign  operations  represent  28.8%  and  26.9%  of  total  assets  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022, 
respectively,  and  13.4%  and  17.1%  of  total  net  sales  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  respectively.  Each 
period,  the  balance  sheets  and  related  results  of  operations  of  our  subsidiaries  that  are  denominated  in  non-U.S.  dollar 
currencies  are  translated  from  their  functional  foreign  currency  into  U.S.  dollars  for  reporting  purposes.  As  the  U.S.  dollar 
strengthens against those foreign currencies, the foreign denominated net assets and operating results become less valuable in 
our  reporting  currency.  When  the  U.S.  dollar  weakens  against  those  currencies,  the  foreign  denominated  net  assets  and 
operating results become more valuable in our reporting currency. At each reporting date, the fluctuation in the value of the net 
assets  and  operating  results  due  to  foreign  exchange  rate  changes  is  recorded  as  an  adjustment  to  "Accumulated  other 
comprehensive loss" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We view our investments in foreign subsidiaries as long-term and do 
not hedge the net investments in foreign subsidiaries.

From  time  to  time,  our  foreign  subsidiaries  enter  into  transactions  not  denominated  in  their  functional  currency.  In  these 
situations, we evaluate the need to hedge those transactions against foreign currency rate fluctuations. When we determine a 
need to hedge a transaction, the subsidiary enters into a foreign currency exchange contract. We do not apply hedge accounting 
to these contracts and, therefore, recognize the fair value of these contracts in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the change 
in the fair value of the contracts in current earnings.

A 10% fluctuation in foreign exchange rates throughout 2023 would have resulted in an impact of $17.9 million and $0.7 million to 
"Net sales" and "Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest", respectively, in our Consolidated Statements of Operations 
for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Commodity Risk

We purchase raw materials and some manufactured components and replacement parts for our products from leading suppliers 
both  domestically  and  internationally.  Raw  materials  used  in  the  manufacture  of  our  products  include  carbon  steel,  pipe  and 
various types of alloy steel, which are normally purchased from distributors and other sources. The majority of steel is scheduled 
on a just in time arrangement from suppliers to better manage inventory requirements at our manufacturing facilities. Based on 
market  dynamics,  we  strategically  and  selectively  order  and  inventory  certain  items  beyond  a  just  in  time  basis.  The  most 
significant component of our inventory is steel. Significant increases in the market price of steel can negatively impact our gross 
profit as we are often unable to pass along all of these price increases to our customers. A significant decline in the market price 
of steel could result in a decline in the market value of our equipment or parts. We utilize strategies that include forward-looking 
contracts and advanced steel purchases to ensure supply and minimize the impact of price volatility. 

34

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data:

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of Operations

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Consolidated Statements of Equity

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

All  schedules  are  omitted  because  they  are  not  applicable,  or  the  required  information  is  shown  in  the  financial  statements  or 
notes thereto.

35

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Astec Industries, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Astec Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of 
December 31, 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity, and cash 
flows, for the year ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We 
also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established 
in  Internal  Control  —  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway 
Commission (COSO).

In  our  opinion,  the  financial  statements  referred  to  above  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial  position  of  the 
Company as of December 31, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023, 
in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company 
maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria 
established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial 
reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying 
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial 
statements  and  an  opinion  on  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  based  on  our  audit.  We  are  a  public 
accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be 
independent  with  respect  to  the  Company  in  accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and 
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to 
error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial 
statements,  whether  due  to  error  or  fraud,  and  performing  procedures  to  respond  to  those  risks.  Such  procedures  included 
examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included 
evaluating  the  accounting  principles  used  and  significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall 
presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding 
of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  assessing  the  risk  that  a  material  weakness  exists,  and  testing  and  evaluating  the 
design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other 
procedures  as  we  considered  necessary  in  the  circumstances.  We  believe  that  our  audit  provide  a  reasonable  basis  for  our 
opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the 
reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally 
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that 
(1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions 
of  the  assets  of  the  company;  (2)  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit 
preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  receipts  and 
expenditures  of  the  company  are  being  made  only  in  accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the 
company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized  acquisition,  use,  or 
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements.  Also, 
projections  of  any  evaluation  of  effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that  controls  may  become  inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was 
communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are 
material  to  the  financial  statements  and  (2)  involved  our  especially  challenging,  subjective,  or  complex  judgments.  The 
communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and 

36

we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the 
accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Revenue Recognition – Certain Contracts with Customers – Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

Certain  contracts  include  terms  and  conditions  pursuant  to  which  the  Company  recognizes  revenue  upon  the  completion  of 
production  and,  at  the  request  of  the  customer,  stores  the  equipment  at  the  Company's  facilities.  Under  the  terms  of  such 
contracts,  revenue  is  recorded  upon  the  customer's  assumption  of  title  and  risk  of  ownership  and  when  the  Company  has  a 
present  right  to  payment.  In  addition,  the  equipment  is  segregated  from  the  Company's  inventory,  specifically  identified  as 
belonging  to  the  customer  and  is  ready  for  physical  transfer  to  the  customer.  The  Company  has  not  retained  any  specific 
performance obligations such that the earnings process is not complete prior to revenue recognition.

We identified the evaluation of terms and conditions in these contracts for the timing of revenue recognition to be a critical audit 
matter  because  of  the  judgment  management  makes  in  evaluating  such  contracts  and  the  impact  of  such  judgment  on  the 
amount  of  revenue  recognized  in  a  given  period. This  required  a  high  degree  of  auditor  judgment  and  an  increased  extent  of 
audit  effort  in  performing  procedures  and  evaluating  whether  terms  and  conditions  in  certain  contracts  and  timing  of  revenue 
recognition were appropriately identified and evaluated by the Company.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the timing of recording of revenue from contracts with customers where the equipment is stored 
at the Company’s facilities included the following, among others:

• We  tested  the  effectiveness  of  internal  controls  over  management's  review  to  determine  whether  revenue  should  be 

recognized.

• We tested the accuracy and completeness of the completed orders recognized in revenue through physical observation 

of the equipment stored at the Company’s facilities.

• We  selected  a  sample  of  completed  contracts  with  customers  where  the  equipment  was  stored  at  the  Company’s 

facilities and performed the following procedures for each selection:

–

Confirmed contractual terms with third parties, including that the customer has requested the arrangement.

– Obtained  and  read  the  customer  contract  and  correspondence  to  determine  whether  the  Company  has  a 

present right to payment.

–

–

Tested  management’s  determination  that  the  equipment  is  ready  for  physical  transfer  to  the  customer  and 
management’s identification of the equipment as belonging to the customer.

Evaluated  management’s  identification  of  significant  contract  terms  and  the  associated  timing  of  revenue 
recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Nashville, Tennessee

February 28, 2024

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2023.

37

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors
Astec Industries, Inc.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Astec Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of 
December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statement of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, cash flows and equity for 
each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial 
statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of 
the Company as of December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year 
period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an 
opinion  on  these  consolidated  financial  statements  based  on  our  audits.  We  are  a  public  accounting  firm  registered  with  the 
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the 
Company  in  accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Securities  and 
Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audits  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  consolidated  financial  statements  are  free  of  material  misstatement, 
whether  due  to  error  or  fraud.  Our  audits  included  performing  procedures  to  assess  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the 
consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such 
procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial 
statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, 
as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  presentation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  We  believe  that  our  audits  provide  a 
reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We served as the Company's auditor from 2015 to 2022.

Atlanta, Georgia
March 1, 2023

38

ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In millions, except share and per share data)

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

63.2  $ 

ASSETS
Current assets:

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Investments
Trade receivables, contract assets and other receivables, net
Inventories
Prepaid and refundable income taxes
Prepaid expenses and other assets
Assets held for sale

Total current assets
Property and equipment, net
Investments
Goodwill
Intangible assets, net
Deferred income tax assets
Other long-term assets
Total assets
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:

Current maturities of long-term debt
Short-term debt
Accounts payable
Customer deposits
Accrued product warranty
Accrued employee related liabilities
Accrued loss reserves
Other current liabilities

Total current liabilities
Long-term debt
Deferred income tax liabilities
Other long-term liabilities
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Shareholders' equity:

Preferred stock – authorized 2,000,000 shares of $1.00 par value; none issued
Common stock – authorized 40,000,000 shares of $0.20 par value; issued and outstanding – 
22,740,635 in 2023 and 22,624,031 in 2022
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Company stock held by deferred compensation programs, at cost
Retained earnings
Shareholders' equity
Noncontrolling interest
Total equity
Total liabilities and equity

$ 

$ 

$ 

5.7 
152.7 
455.6 
14.6 
27.7 
— 
719.5 
187.6 
13.8 
46.3 
16.4 
37.5 
38.2 
1,059.3  $ 

0.1  $ 

11.0 
116.9 
70.2 
16.5 
44.1 
2.7 
37.5 
299.0 
72.0 
1.1 
33.5 
405.6 

66.0 
3.9 
173.6 
393.4 
15.9 
28.2 
15.4 
696.4 
173.6 
15.1 
45.2 
22.5 
32.1 
29.5 
1,014.4 

0.2 
9.4 
107.2 
69.5 
11.9 
35.3 
1.9 
38.6 
274.0 
78.1 
2.1 
33.3 
387.5 

— 

— 

4.5 
138.4 
(38.1)   
(0.8)   

549.4 
653.4 
0.3 
653.7 
1,059.3  $ 

4.5 
135.8 
(40.1) 
(1.1) 
527.8 
626.9 
— 
626.9 
1,014.4 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In millions, except share and per share data)

Net sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Restructuring, impairment and other asset charges, net
Income from operations
Other expenses, net:
Interest expense
Interest income
Other income (expenses), net

Income before income taxes
Income tax provision (benefit)
Net income (loss)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest
Per share data:

Earnings per common share - Basic
Earnings per common share - Diluted
Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic
Weighted average shares outstanding - Diluted

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

$ 

$ 

1,338.2  $ 
1,007.4 
330.8 
276.4 
5.8 
48.6 

1,274.5  $ 
1,010.4 
264.1 
247.6 
9.0 
7.5 

1,095.5 
846.0 
249.5 
227.1 
2.5 
19.9 

(8.9)   
2.1 
1.0 
42.8 
9.1 
33.7 
(0.2)   
33.5  $ 

(2.5)   
1.0 
(1.6)   
4.4 
5.0 
(0.6)   
0.5 
(0.1)  $ 

(1.1) 
0.5 
(5.5) 
13.8 
(2.1) 
15.9 
(0.1) 
15.8 

1.47  $ 
1.47  $ 

$ 
$ 
  22,719,900 
  22,781,369 

—  $ 
—  $ 

0.70 
0.69 
  22,726,767 
  22,948,632 

  22,790,717 
  22,790,717 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In millions)

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

Net income (loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss):

Foreign currency translation adjustments
Change in unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs

Other comprehensive income (loss)
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to controlling interest

$ 

33.7  $ 

(0.6)  $ 

15.9 

2.1 
— 
2.1 
(0.3)   
35.5  $ 

(7.7)   
— 
(7.7)   
0.5 
(7.8)  $ 

(2.1) 
3.1 
1.0 
— 
16.9 

$ 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In millions)

Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating 
activities:

Depreciation and amortization
Provision for credit losses
Provision for warranties
Deferred compensation (benefit) expense
Share-based compensation
Deferred tax benefit
Gain on disposition of property and equipment, net
Non-cash curtailment and settlement loss on pension and postretirement benefits, net
Asset impairment charges
Amortization of debt issuance costs

Distributions to deferred compensation programs' participants
Change in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions:

(Purchase) sale of trading securities, net
Receivables and other contract assets
Inventories
Prepaid expenses
Other assets
Accounts payable
Accrued retirement benefit costs
Accrued loss reserves
Accrued employee related liabilities
Other accrued liabilities
Accrued product warranty
Customer deposits
Income taxes payable/prepaid

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Price adjustment on prior sale of subsidiary
Expenditures for property and equipment
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
Purchase of investments
Sale of investments

Net cash used in investing activities

Years Ended December 31, 
2022
2023

2021

$  33.7  $ 

(0.6)  $  15.9 

25.6 
1.6 
17.6 
(0.1)   
4.1 
(6.4)   
(3.1)   
— 
1.2 
0.3 
(1.8)   

(0.3)   
20.5 
(63.0)   
2.2 
(12.8)   
7.7 
— 
1.4 
8.7 
(0.8)   
(13.1)   
1.0 
3.6 
27.8 

— 
— 
(34.1)   
20.3 
(1.0)   
1.9 
(12.9)   

27.9 
1.2 
12.6 
(0.9)   
6.8 
(17.1)   
(0.7)   
— 
3.5 
— 
(1.0)   

0.7 
(28.0)   
(96.4)   
(2.8)   
(16.2)   
25.5 
— 
(0.1)   
4.3 
2.6 
(11.1)   
9.9 
6.0 
(73.9)   

(17.8)   
— 
(40.7)   
5.7 
(1.0)   
0.6 
(53.2)   

30.2 
1.4 
10.9 
0.5 
6.0 
(1.3) 
(0.6) 
3.2 
0.2 
— 
(2.5) 

(3.1) 
(28.4) 
(51.5) 
(6.2) 
1.5 
29.5 
(0.1) 
(1.3) 
10.0 
(8.4) 
(10.7) 
26.5 
(14.3) 
7.4 

0.1 
(1.1) 
(20.1) 
1.9 
(1.0) 
1.8 
(18.4) 

(Continued)

42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)
(In millions)

Years Ended December 31, 
2022
2023

2021

Cash flows from financing activities:

Payment of dividends
Proceeds from borrowings on credit facilities and bank loans
Repayments of borrowings on credit facilities and bank loans
Payment of debt issuance costs
Sale of Company stock by deferred compensation programs, net
Withholding tax paid upon vesting of share-based compensation awards
Repurchase of Company stock

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Effect of exchange rates on cash
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period

Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash paid during the year for:

Interest, net of capitalized interest
Income taxes paid, net

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash items
Non-cash investing activities:

Capital expenditures in accounts payable

Non-cash financing activities:

(11.8)   

(11.2)   

  240.6 

  223.0 

(10.2) 
7.2 
(6.2) 
— 
0.6 
(3.5) 
— 
(12.1) 
(1.1) 
(24.2) 
  158.6 
  134.4 
$  63.2  $  66.0  $  134.4 

(245.8)   
— 
0.3 
(1.6)   
— 
(18.3)   
0.6 
(2.8)   
66.0 

(138.5)   
(1.5)   
0.2 
(1.8)   
(10.1)   
60.1 
(1.4)   
(68.4)   

7.0  $ 

0.3 
$ 
$  13.8  $  17.7  $  10.0 

1.1  $ 

$ 

1.5  $ 

1.5  $ 

1.4 

Additions to right-of-use assets and lease liabilities

$ 

0.8  $ 

7.3  $ 

1.8 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Equity
(In millions, except share and per share data)

Common 
Stock 
Shares

Common 
Stock 
Amount

Additional 
Paid-in-
Capital

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Loss

 22,611,976  $ 

4.5  $ 

127.8  $ 

(33.5)  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

155,076 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

6.0 

— 

(3.5) 

0.3 

— 

1.1 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Company 
Shares Held by 
DCP, at Cost

Retained 
Earnings
(1.5)  $  543.7  $ 

Noncontro
lling 
Interest

Total 
Equity

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

0.3 

15.8 

— 

(10.2) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

0.5  $  641.5 

0.1 

15.9 

(0.1) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1.0 

(10.2) 

6.0 

— 

(3.5) 

0.6 

 22,767,052  $ 

4.5  $ 

130.6  $ 

(32.4)  $ 

(1.2)  $  549.3  $ 

0.5  $  651.3 

— 

— 
— 
— 

108,066 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 

0.1 

— 

— 

— 
0.2 
6.8 

(0.1) 

(1.8) 

— 
(251,087) 
 22,624,031  $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 

116,604 

— 

— 

— 
(0.1) 
4.5  $ 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

0.1 
— 
135.8  $ 
— 
— 
0.1 
4.1 

— 

(1.6) 

— 

(7.7) 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
(40.1)  $ 
— 
2.0 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

0.1 
— 

(0.1) 

— 
(11.4) 
— 

— 

— 

— 
(10.0) 

(1.1)  $  527.8  $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

33.5 
— 
(11.9) 
— 

— 

— 

(0.5) 

— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

(0.6) 

(7.7) 
(11.2) 
6.8 

— 

(1.8) 

0.2 
— 
— 
(10.1) 
—  $  626.9 
33.7 
0.2 
2.1 
0.1 
(11.8) 
— 
4.1 
— 

— 

— 

— 

(1.6) 

Balance, December 31, 2020
Net income

Other comprehensive income 
(loss)

Dividends ($0.45 per share)

Share-based compensation

Issuance of common stock under 
incentive plan

Withholding tax paid upon equity 
award vesting

Deferred compensation programs' 
transactions, net

Balance, December 31, 2021
Net loss

Other comprehensive loss
Dividends ($0.49 per share)
Share-based compensation
Issuance of common stock under 
incentive plan
Withholding tax paid upon equity 
award vesting
Deferred compensation programs' 
transactions, net
Share repurchases

Balance, December 31, 2022
Net income
Other comprehensive income
Dividends ($0.52 per share)
Share-based compensation
Issuance of common stock under 
incentive plan
Withholding tax paid upon equity 
award vesting
Deferred compensation programs' 
transactions, net

Balance, December 31, 2023

 22,740,635  $ 

— 
4.5  $ 

— 
138.4  $ 

— 
(38.1)  $ 

0.3 
(0.8)  $  549.4  $ 

— 

0.3 
— 
0.3  $  653.7 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

44

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Business and Organization

Description of Business

Astec  Industries,  Inc.  is  a  Tennessee  corporation  which  was  incorporated  in  1972.  The  Company  designs,  engineers, 
manufactures,  markets  and  services  equipment  and  components  used  primarily  in  asphalt  and  concrete  road  building  and 
related construction activities, as well as other products discussed below. The Company's products are used in each phase of 
road  building,  from  quarrying  and  crushing  the  aggregate  to  application  of  the  road  surface.  The  Company's  product  portfolio 
includes both asphalt and concrete equipment. The Company also manufactures certain equipment and components unrelated 
to  road  construction,  including  equipment  for  the  mining,  quarrying,  construction,  demolition,  land  clearing  and  recycling 
industries  and  port  and  rail  yard  operators;  industrial  heat  transfer  equipment;  commercial  whole-tree  pulpwood  chippers; 
horizontal grinders; blower trucks; concrete plants; commercial and industrial burners; and combustion control systems.

The Company's products are marketed both domestically and internationally primarily to asphalt producers; highway and heavy 
equipment contractors; utility contractors; sand and gravel producers; construction, demolition, recycle and crushing contractors; 
forestry and environmental recycling contractors; mine and quarry operators; port and inland terminal authorities; power stations 
and  domestic  and  foreign  government  agencies.  In  addition  to  equipment  sales,  the  Company  manufactures  and  sells 
replacement  parts  for  equipment  in  each  of  its  product  lines  and  replacement  parts  for  some  competitors'  equipment.  The 
distribution and sale of replacement parts is an integral part of the Company's business.

The  Company  operates  in  two  reportable  segments  (plus  Corporate  and  Other)  -  Infrastructure  Solutions  and  Materials 
Solutions. The Company's two reportable business segments comprise sites based upon the nature of the products produced or 
services  provided,  the  type  of  customer  for  the  products,  the  similarity  of  economic  characteristics,  the  manner  in  which 
management reviews results and the nature of the production process, among other considerations.

The Corporate and Other category consists primarily of the parent company, Astec Insurance Company ("Astec Insurance" or the 
"captive"),  a  captive  insurance  company,  and  Astec  Digital,  the  controls  and  automation  business,  which  do  not  meet  the 
requirements for separate disclosure as an operating segment or inclusion in one of the other reporting segments.

2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Astec Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries and have 
been prepared by the Company, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). 
The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the 
United  States  of America  ("U.S.  GAAP"). All  intercompany  balances  and  transactions  between  the  Company  and  its  affiliates 
have been eliminated in consolidation.

Noncontrolling  interest  in  the  Company's  consolidated  financial  statements  represents  the  7%  interest  in  a  consolidated 
subsidiary which is not owned by the Company. Since the Company controls this subsidiary, the subsidiary's financial statements 
are consolidated with those of the Company, and the noncontrolling owner's 7% share of the subsidiary's net assets and results 
of  operations  is  deducted  and  reported  as  "Noncontrolling  interest"  in  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  and  as  "Net  (income) 
loss attributable to noncontrolling interest" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company executed an agreement 
in February 2022 with the noncontrolling interest holder, which is undergoing a judicial reorganization in Brazil, to acquire their 
outstanding interest in full for R$10.0M (approximately $2.0 million, subject to the effect of exchange rates). Completion of the 
transaction is subject to obtaining certain judicial approval in Brazil.

Use of Estimates 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions 
that  affect  the  amounts  reported  and  disclosed  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  accompanying  notes.  Significant 
items subject to such estimates and assumptions include excess and obsolete inventory, inventory net realizable value, product 
warranty  obligations,  self-insurance  loss  reserves,  capitalization  of  internal  use  software,  goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets 
impairment and the measurement of income tax assets and liabilities. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience 
and on various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, 
the Company evaluates these assumptions, judgments and estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

All dollar amounts, except share and per share amounts, are in millions of dollars unless otherwise indicated.

45

Significant Accounting Policies

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash - All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less 
when  purchased  are  considered  to  be  cash  equivalents.  The  Company  maintains  cash  balances  with  high  credit  quality 
institutions, the balances of which may exceed federally insured limits. 

The Company had $25.9 million in a government money market fund at December 31, 2022, which is included in "Cash, cash 
equivalents and restricted cash" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company discontinued use of this fund during 2023.

The  Company  had  cash  of  $3.4  million  and  $3.2  million  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  respectively,  that  is  restricted  as  to 
withdrawal  or  use  primarily  related  to  retention  guarantees  mainly  held  by  its  foreign  subsidiaries,  which  is  included  in  "Cash, 
cash equivalents and restricted cash" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Investments  -  Investments  consist  primarily  of  investment-grade  marketable  securities. All  investments  held  at December  31, 
2023 are classified as trading securities and are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses included in "Other 
income  (expenses),  net"  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations.  Realized  gains  and  losses  are  accounted  for  on  the 
specific identification method. Purchases and sales are recorded on a trade-date basis. Management determines the appropriate 
classification of its investments at the time of acquisition and reevaluates such determination at each balance sheet date.

Accounts  Receivable  - The  Company  sells  products  to  a  wide  variety  of  customers. Accounts  receivable  are  carried  at  their 
outstanding principal amounts, less an allowance for credit losses. The Company extends credit to its customers based on an 
evaluation  of  the  customers'  financial  condition  generally  without  requiring  collateral,  although  the  Company  normally  requires 
advance payments or letters of credit on large equipment orders. A portion of the Company's credit risk is limited through credit 
insurance in certain international jurisdictions.

The  Company  held  notes  and  other  receivables,  net  totaling  $3.4  million  and  $6.5  million  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022, 
respectively in "Trade receivables, contract assets and other receivables, net" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Allowance  for  Credit  Losses  -  The  Company  measures  its  credit  losses  on  receivables  using  an  expected  loss  model.  The 
Company  currently  monitors  credit  levels  and  financial  conditions  of  customers  on  a  continuing  basis,  considering  historical 
trends  for  uncollectible  accounts,  current  economic  conditions  and  specific  customer  recent  payment  history  and  financial 
stability. An  allowance  for  credit  losses  is  maintained  in  "Trade  receivables,  contract  assets  and  other  receivables,  net"  in  the 
Consolidated Balance Sheets at a level which management believes is sufficient to cover all probable future credit losses as of 
the  balance  sheet  date  based  on  a  rolling  twelve-month  "look-back",  specific  reserves  and  an  expectation  of  future  economic 
conditions  that  might  impact  customers.  The  corresponding  provision  for  credit  losses  is  recorded  in  "Selling,  general  and 
administrative expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. 

Amounts are deemed past due when they exceed the payment terms agreed to by the customer in the sales contract. Past due 
amounts are charged off when reasonable collection efforts have been exhausted and the amounts are deemed uncollectible by 
management. The majority of the Company’s receivables are related to equipment that requires significant down payment with 
other terms allowing for payment shortly after shipment, typically 30 days, which the Company believes is short-term in nature. 

The following table represents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 
2021:

(in millions)
Allowance balance, beginning of year
Provision
Write offs
Recoveries and other
Allowance balance, end of year

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

$ 

$ 

2.3  $ 
1.6 
(0.6)   
— 
3.3  $ 

2.3  $ 
1.2 
(1.2)   
— 
2.3  $ 

1.7 
0.7 
(0.4) 
0.3 
2.3 

In  addition,  an  allowance  for  credit  losses  related  to  outstanding  notes  receivables  of  $0.7  million  is  included  in  "Trade 
receivables, contract assets and other receivables, net" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the years ended December 31, 
2023 and 2022.

Inventories  -  The  Company's  inventory  is  comprised  of  raw  materials  and  parts,  work-in-process,  finished  goods  and  used 
equipment.

Raw material and parts inventory comprises purchased steel and other purchased items for use in the manufacturing process or 
held for sale for the after-market parts business. The category also includes the manufacturing cost of completed equipment sub-

46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
assemblies produced for either integration into equipment manufactured at a later date or for sale in the Company's after-market 
parts business.

Work-in-process  inventory  consists  of  the  value  of  materials,  labor  and  overhead  incurred  to  date  in  the  manufacturing  of 
incomplete equipment or incomplete equipment sub-assemblies being produced.

Finished goods inventory consists of completed equipment manufactured for sale to customers.

Used  equipment  inventory  consists  of  equipment  accepted  in  trade  or  purchased  on  the  open  market.  This  category  also 
includes equipment rented to prospective customers on a short-term or month-to-month basis. Used equipment is valued at the 
lower  of  acquired  or  trade-in  cost  or  net  realizable  value  determined  on  each  separate  unit.  Each  unit  of  rental  equipment  is 
valued at the lower of original manufacturing, acquired or trade-in cost or net realizable value.

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value, which requires the Company to make specific 
estimates, assumptions and judgments in determining the amount, if any, of reductions in the valuation of inventories to their net 
realizable values. The net realizable values of the Company's products are impacted by a number of factors, including changes 
in the price of steel, competitive sales pricing, quantities of inventories on hand, the age of the individual inventory items, market 
acceptance of the Company's products, the Company's normal gross margins, actions by the Company or its competitors, the 
condition  of  its  used  and  rental  equipment  inventory  and  general  economic  factors.  Once  an  inventory  item's  value  has  been 
deemed  to  be  less  than  cost,  a  net  realizable  value  allowance  is  calculated  and  a  new  cost  basis  for  that  item  is  effectively 
established. This new cost is retained for that item until such time as the item is disposed of or the Company determines that an 
additional  write-down  is  necessary. Additional  write-downs  may  be  required  in  the  future  based  upon  changes  in  assumptions 
due to general economic downturns in the markets in which the Company operates, changes in competitor pricing, new product 
design  or  other  technological  advances  introduced  by  the  Company  or  its  competitors  and  other  factors  unique  to  individual 
inventory items.

One  of  the  most  significant  components  of  the  Company's  inventory  is  steel. A  significant  decline  in  the  market  price  of  steel 
could result in a decline in the market value of the Company's equipment or parts. During periods of significant declining steel 
prices,  the  Company  reviews  the  valuation  of  its  inventories  to  determine  if  reductions  are  needed  in  the  recorded  value  of 
inventory on hand to its net realizable value.

The Company reviews the individual items included in its finished goods, used equipment and rental equipment inventory on a 
model-by-model or unit-by-unit basis to determine if any item's net realizable value is below its carrying value. This analysis is 
expanded to include items in work-in-process and raw material inventory if factors indicate those items may also be impacted. In 
performing this review, judgments are made and, in addition to the factors discussed above, additional consideration is given to 
the age of the specific items of used or rental equipment inventory, prior sales offers or lack thereof, the physical condition of the 
specific  items  and  general  market  conditions  for  the  specific  items.  Additionally,  an  analysis  of  raw  material  inventory  is 
performed to calculate reserves needed for slow-moving or obsolete inventory based upon quantities of items on hand, the age 
of those items and their recent and expected future usage or sale.

When the Company determines that the value of inventory has become impaired through damage, deterioration, obsolescence, 
changes  in  price  levels,  excessive  levels  of  inventory  or  other  causes,  the  Company  reduces  the  carrying  value  to  the  net 
realizable  value  based  on  estimates,  assumptions  and  judgments  made  from  the  information  available  at  that  time. Abnormal 
amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling cost and wasted materials are recognized as current period charges.

Assets Held for Sale - Assets are classified as held for sale when any ongoing operations have ceased, and the Company has 
committed to a plan to sell the assets in their current condition at a price that is reasonable in relation to the current fair value of 
the  assets. Assets  held  for  sale  are  generally  expected  to  be  sold  within  one  year  of  meeting  the  designation  criteria.  Upon 
designation  as  held  for  sale,  the  assets  are  recorded  at  the  lower  of  their  carrying  value  or  fair  value,  less  costs  to  sale  and 
related  depreciation  and  amortization  is  ceased.  The  held  for  sale  designation  and  carrying  value  of  assets  held  for  sale  is 
periodically reviewed and adjusted as facts and circumstances indicate that a change may be necessary. As of December 31, 
2022, the Company recorded assets held for sale of $15.4 million related to land and building assets of its former site in Tacoma. 
The sale of these assets was completed in the first quarter of 2023. See Note 21, Strategic Transformation and Restructuring, 
Impairment and Other Asset Charges for additional discussion of the transactions related to these assets. 

Property and Equipment - Property and equipment is stated at cost. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor renewals 
are  charged  against  earnings  as  incurred.  Expenditures  for  major  renewals  and  improvements  that  substantially  extend  the 
capacity or useful life of an asset are capitalized and are then depreciated. The cost and accumulated depreciation for property 
and equipment sold, retired or otherwise disposed of are relieved from the accounts and resulting gains or losses are reflected in 
earnings.

Property and equipment are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line depreciation method 
for  financial  reporting  and  on  accelerated  methods  for  income  tax  purposes.  Land  is  recorded  at  historical  cost  and  is  not 
depreciated.  The  useful  lives  are  estimated  based  on  historical  experience  with  similar  assets,  considering  anticipated 
technological or other changes. The Company periodically reviews these lives relative to physical factors and industry trends. If 

47

there  are  changes  in  the  planned  use  of  property  or  equipment  or  if  technological  changes  were  to  occur  more  rapidly  than 
anticipated,  the  useful  lives  assigned  to  these  assets  may  need  to  be  shortened,  resulting  in  the  recognition  of  accelerated 
depreciation expense in future periods.

Property and equipment are primarily depreciated over the following useful lives:

Buildings and improvements
Airplanes and aviation equipment
Machinery, equipment and tooling
Furniture and fixtures
Computer hardware and software

Years
5 - 40
5 - 20
3 - 10
5 - 10
3 - 5

Impairment  of  Long-Lived  Assets  -  In  the  event  that  facts  and  circumstances  indicate  the  carrying  amounts  of  long-lived 
assets  may  be  impaired,  an  evaluation  of  recoverability  is  performed.  If  an  evaluation  is  required,  the  estimated  future 
undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset are compared to the carrying amount for each asset (or group of assets) to 
determine if a write-down is required. If this review indicates that the assets will not be recoverable, the carrying values of the 
impaired assets are reduced to their estimated fair value. Fair value is estimated using discounted cash flows, prices for similar 
assets or other valuation techniques.

Leases  -  The  Company  leases  certain  real  estate,  material  handling  equipment,  automobiles  and  other  equipment.  The 
Company determines if a contract is a lease (or contains an embedded lease) at the inception of the agreement. For a contract 
to be determined to be a lease or contain a lease, it must include explicitly or implicitly identified assets where the Company has 
the  right  to  substantially  all  of  the  economic  benefits  of  the  assets  and  has  the  ability  to  direct  how  and  for  what  purpose  the 
assets are used during the lease term. Leases are classified as either operating or finance. For operating leases, the Company 
recognizes a lease liability equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments, and a right-of-use ("ROU") asset equal to 
the lease liability, subject to certain adjustments, such as prepaid rent. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset 
for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. As of 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any finance leases.

The  Company  uses  its  incremental  borrowing  rate  to  determine  the  present  value  of  the  lease  payments.  The  Company's 
incremental  borrowing  rate  is  the  rate  of  interest  that  it  would  incur  to  borrow  on  a  collateralized  basis  over  a  similar  term  an 
amount  equal  to  the  lease  payments  in  a  similar  economic  environment. The  Company  determines  the  incremental  borrowing 
rates based upon secured borrowing rates quoted by the Company's banks for loans of a corresponding length to the lease. 

The lease term at the lease commencement date is determined based on the non-cancellable period for which the Company has 
the  right  to  use  the  underlying  asset,  together  with  any  periods  covered  by  an  option  to  extend  the  lease  if  the  Company  is 
reasonably  certain  to  exercise  that  option,  periods  covered  by  an  option  to  terminate  the  lease  if  the  Company  is  reasonably 
certain  not  to  exercise  that  option  and  periods  covered  by  an  option  to  extend  (or  not  to  terminate)  the  lease  in  which  the 
exercise  of  the  option  is  controlled  by  the  lessor.  The  Company  considers  a  number  of  factors  when  evaluating  whether  the 
options in its lease contracts are reasonably certain of exercise, such as length of time before an option exercise, expected value 
of the leased asset at the end of the initial lease term, importance of the lease to the Company's operations, costs to negotiate a 
new lease and any contractual or economic penalties. 

The Company does not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less.

Capitalization of Internal Use Software - Software development activities generally consist of three stages: (i) the preliminary 
project  stage,  (ii)  the  application  development  stage  and  (iii)  the  post  implementation  and  operation  stage.  The  Company 
capitalizes  certain  software  development  costs  during  the  application  development  stage.  These  costs  may  include  vendor 
hosted  software  costs,  personnel  expenses  for  employees  and  costs  for  third-party  consulting  services  which  are  directly 
associated with the software development. Capitalization ends once the implementation is substantially complete, at which point 
the  capitalized  costs  are  amortized  ratably  over  the  remaining  contract  term  plus  any  reasonably  certain  renewal  periods. 
Software  development  costs  that  do  not  meet  the  qualification  for  capitalization  are  expensed  as  incurred  and  recorded  in 
"Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable 
net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested at the reporting unit level for impairment annually on 
October  1,  or  more  frequently,  as  events  dictate. A  reporting  unit  is  an  operating  segment  or,  under  certain  circumstances,  a 
component  of  an  operating  segment  that  constitutes  a  business,  has  available  discrete  financial  information,  and  whose 
operating results are regularly reviewed by management. Components of an operating segment are combined and aggregated 
as a single reporting unit if the components have similar economic characteristics.

Goodwill is tested for impairment by either performing a qualitative evaluation or a quantitative test. The qualitative evaluation is 
an  assessment  of  factors  that  includes,  but  is  not  limited  to,  the  macroeconomic  conditions,  industry  and  competitive 

48

environment conditions, overall financial performance, business specific events and market considerations. The Company may 
elect not to perform the qualitative assessment for some or all reporting units and perform the quantitative impairment test. If a 
qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying amount, the 
Company will perform a quantitative test.

The quantitative goodwill impairment test requires the comparison of the carrying value of the reporting unit's net assets to the 
fair value of the reporting unit. The Company determines fair values of each reporting unit using an equally weighted combination 
of the discounted cash flow method, a form of the income approach, and the guideline public company method, a form of the 
market  approach.  This  analysis  requires  significant  assumptions,  including  projected  net  sales,  projected  earnings  before 
interest,  tax,  depreciation  and  amortization,  terminal  growth  rates,  the  cost  of  capital,  the  selection  of  appropriate  guideline 
companies  and  related  valuation  multiples.  Management's  estimates  are  subject  to  change  given  the  inherent  uncertainty  in 
predicting future results. Additionally, the discount rate and the terminal growth rate are based on management's judgment of the 
rates that would be utilized by a hypothetical market participant. If a quantitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than 
not that a reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying amount, a goodwill impairment charge would be recorded.

The Company's intangible assets have definite lives and are subject to amortization. Intangible assets are tested for impairment 
whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  their  carrying  values  may  not  be  recoverable.  The  Company 
determines the useful lives of identifiable intangible assets after considering the specific facts and circumstances related to each 
intangible  asset.  Factors  considered  when  determining  useful  lives  include  the  contractual  terms  of  agreements,  the  history  of 
the asset, the Company's long-term strategy for the use of the asset, any laws or other local regulations which could impact the 
useful life of the asset and other economic factors, including competition and specific market conditions. 

The Company tests intangible assets with definite lives for impairment if conditions exist that indicate the carrying value may not 
be recoverable. Such conditions may include an economic downturn in a geographic market or a change in the assessment of 
future  operations.  An  impairment  charge  is  recorded  when  the  carrying  value  of  the  definite  lived  intangible  asset  is  not 
recoverable by the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the asset, which are evaluated at 
the asset group level.

Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:

Dealer network and customer relationships
Trade names
Other

Years
8 - 18
3
3 - 12

Product  Warranty  Reserve  -  The  Company  accrues  for  the  estimated  cost  of  product  warranties  at  the  time  revenue  is 
recognized.  Warranty  obligations  by  product  line  or  model  are  evaluated  based  on  historical  warranty  claims  experience.  For 
equipment, the Company's standard product warranty terms generally include post-sales support and repairs of products at no 
additional charge for periods ranging from three months to two years or up to a specified number of hours of operation. For parts 
from component suppliers, the Company relies on the original manufacturer's warranty that accompanies those parts. Generally, 
Company  fabricated  parts  are  not  covered  by  specific  warranty  terms. Although  failure  of  fabricated  parts  due  to  material  or 
workmanship is rare, if it occurs, the Company's policy is to replace fabricated parts at no additional charge.

Estimated  warranty  obligations  are  based  upon  warranty  terms,  product  failure  rates,  repair  costs  and  current  period  machine 
shipments.  If  actual  product  failure  rates,  repair  costs,  service  delivery  costs  or  post-sales  support  costs  differ  from  the 
Company's  estimates, these  estimates  will  be  re-evaluated  and  adjustments  to  the  estimated  warranty  liability will  be  made,  if 
required.

Income  Taxes  -  Income  taxes  are  based  on  pre-tax  financial  accounting  income.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are 
recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their 
reported amounts. The Company periodically assesses the need to establish valuation allowances against its deferred tax assets 
to the extent the Company no longer believes it is more-likely-than-not that the tax assets will be fully utilized.

The Company evaluates a tax position to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained upon 
examination,  based  upon  the  technical  merits  of  the  position.  A  tax  position  that  meets  the  more-likely-than-not  recognition 
threshold is subject to a measurement assessment to determine the amount of benefit to recognize and the appropriate reserve 
to establish, if any. If a tax position does not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, no benefit is recognized. The 
Company is periodically audited by U.S. federal and state as well as foreign tax authorities. While it is often difficult to predict a 
final outcome or timing of resolution of any particular tax matter, the Company believes its reserve for uncertain tax positions is 
adequate to reduce the uncertain positions to the greatest amount of benefit that is more-likely-than-not realizable.

Self-Insurance Reserves - The Company retains the risk for a portion of its workers' compensation claims and general liability 
claims by way of a captive insurance company, Astec Insurance. The objectives of Astec Insurance are to improve control over 

49

and  reduce the cost of claims; to improve focus on risk reduction  with  the development of a  program structure  which  rewards 
proactive loss control; and to ensure management participation in the defense and settlement process for claims.

For  general  liability  claims,  the  captive  is  liable  for  the  first $1.0  million  per  occurrence. The  Company  carries  general  liability, 
excess liability and umbrella policies for claims in excess of amounts covered by the captive.

For workers' compensation claims, the captive is liable for the first $0.35 million per occurrence. The Company utilizes a large 
national  insurance  company  as  third-party  administrator  for  workers'  compensation  claims  and  carries  insurance  coverage  for 
claims liabilities in excess of amounts covered by the captive.

The financial statements of the captive are included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The short-term and 
long-term reserves for claims and potential claims related to general liability and workers' compensation under the captive are 
included  in  "Accrued  loss  reserves"  or  "Other  long-term  liabilities"  in  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  depending  on  the 
expected  timing  of  future  payments.  The  undiscounted  reserves  are  actuarially  determined  to  cover  the  ultimate  cost  of  each 
claim based on the Company's evaluation of the type and severity of individual claims and historical information, primarily its own 
claims  experience,  along  with  assumptions  about  future  events.  Changes  in  assumptions,  as  well  as  changes  in  actual 
experience, could cause these estimates to change in the future. However, the Company does not believe it is reasonably likely 
that the reserve level will materially change in the foreseeable future.

The Company is self-insured for health and prescription claims under its Group Health Insurance Plan for all of the Company's 
domestic employees. The Company carries reinsurance coverage to limit its exposure for individual health claims above certain 
limits. Third parties administer health claims and prescription medication claims. The Company maintains a reserve for the self-
insured health plan which is included in "Accrued loss reserves" in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. This reserve 
includes  both  unpaid  claims  and  an  estimate  of  claims  incurred  but  not  reported,  based  on  historical  claims  and  payment 
experience. Historically, the reserves have been sufficient to provide for claims payments. Changes in actual claims experience 
or payment patterns could cause the reserve to change, but the Company does not believe it is reasonably likely that the reserve 
level will materially change in the near future.

Employees of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are insured under separate health plans. No reserves are necessary for these 
fully-insured health plans.

Accumulated  Other  Comprehensive  Loss  -  Accumulated  other  comprehensive  loss  is  comprised  of  foreign  currency 
translation adjustments of $38.1 million and $40.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Revenue Recognition - Revenue is generally recognized when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring 
control of goods or providing services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in 
exchange  for  transferring  goods  or  providing  services.  The  Company  generally  obtains  purchase  authorizations  from  its 
customers  for  a  specified  amount  of  products  at  a  specified  price  with  specific  delivery  terms.  A  significant  portion  of  the 
Company's  equipment  sales  represents  equipment  produced  in  the  Company's  manufacturing  facilities  under  short-term 
contracts for a customer's project or equipment designed to meet a customer’s requirements. Most of the equipment sold by the 
Company  is  based  on  standard  configurations,  some  of  which  are  modified  to  meet  customer's  needs  or  specifications.  The 
Company provides customers with technical design and performance specifications and typically performs pre-shipment testing, 
when  feasible,  to  ensure  the  equipment  performs  according  to  the  customer's  need,  regardless  of  whether  the  Company 
provides installation services in addition to selling the equipment. Significant down payments are required on many equipment 
orders  with  other  terms  allowing  for  payment  shortly  after  shipment,  typically  30  days.  Taxes  assessed  by  a  governmental 
authority that are directly imposed on revenue-producing transactions between the Company and its customers, such as sales, 
use,  value-added  and  some  excise  taxes,  are  excluded  from  revenue.  The  Company  offers  extended  warranties  for  sale  on 
certain  equipment  sold  to  its  customers.  Costs  of  obtaining  sales  contracts  with  an  expected  duration  of  one  year  or  less  are 
expensed  as  incurred.  As  contracts  are  typically  paid  within  one  year  from  the  date  of  the  contract  fulfillment,  revenue 
adjustments for a potential financing component or the costs to obtain the contract are not made. 

Depending  on  the  terms  of  the  arrangement  with  the  customer,  recognition  of  a  portion  of  the  consideration  received  may  be 
deferred  and  recorded  as  a  contract  liability  if  the  Company  has  to  satisfy  a  future  obligation,  such  as  to  provide  installation 
assistance,  service  work  to  be  performed  in  the  future  without  charge,  floor  plan  interest  to  be  reimbursed  to  the  Company's 
dealer  customers,  payments  for  extended  warranties  or  for  obligations  for  future  estimated  returns  to  be  allowed  based  upon 
historical trends. Other contract assets and liabilities are typically not material as a percentage of total assets or total liabilities, 
respectively.

When  sales  contain  multiple  performance  obligations,  revenue  attributable  to  the  sale  of  a  product  is  recognized  when  the 
product is shipped, and the revenue attributable to services provided with respect to the product (such as installation services) is 
recognized when the service is performed. Consideration is allocated to deliverables using observable market prices from stand-
alone performance obligations or a cost plus margin approach when one is not available. Otherwise, the Company uses third-
party evidence of selling price or an estimate of the selling price for the deliverables. Sales with multiple performance obligations 
are evaluated to determine whether revenue related to individual elements should be recognized separately or as a combined 
unit.  In  addition  to  the  previously  mentioned  general  revenue  recognition  criteria,  revenue  in  only  recognized  on  individual 

50

delivered  elements  when  there  is  objective  and  reliable  evidence  that  the  delivered  element  has  a  determinable  value  to  the 
customer on a standalone basis and there is no right of return.

The  Company  had  orders  totaling  approximately  $16.0  million,  $20.7  million  and  $29.3  million  in  2023,  2022  and  2021, 
respectively, on which revenue was recorded over time based upon the ratio of costs incurred to estimated total costs.

Certain  contracts  include  terms  and  conditions  pursuant  to  which  the  Company  recognizes  revenues  upon  the  completion  of 
production  and,  at  the  request  of  the  customer,  stores  the  equipment  at  the  Company's  facilities.  Under  the  terms  of  such 
contracts,  revenue  is  recorded  upon  the  customer's  assumption  of  title  and  risk  of  ownership  and  when  the  Company  has  a 
present  right  to  payment.  In  addition,  the  equipment  is  segregated  from  the  Company's  inventory,  specifically  identified  as 
belonging  to  the  customer  and  is  ready  for  physical  transfer  to  the  customer.  The  Company  has  not  retained  any  specific 
performance obligations such that the earnings process is not complete prior to revenue recognition.

Service  and  Equipment  Installation  Revenue  –  Purchasers  of  certain  of  the  Company's  equipment  often  contract  with  the 
Company to provide installation services. Installation is typically separately priced in the contract based upon observable market 
prices  for  stand-alone  performance  obligations  or  a  cost  plus  margin  approach  when  one  is  not  available. The  Company  may 
also provide future services on equipment sold at the customer's request, which may be for equipment repairs after the warranty 
period expires. Service is billed on a cost plus margin approach or at a standard rate per hour.

Used Equipment Sales - Used equipment is typically obtained by trade-in on new equipment sales or as a separate purchase in 
the open market. Revenues from the sale of used equipment are recognized upon transfer of control to the customer at agreed 
upon pricing.

Freight  Revenue  -  The  Company  records  revenues  earned  for  shipping  and  handling  as  revenue  at  the  time  of  shipment, 
regardless of whether or not it is identified as a separate performance obligation. The cost of shipping and handling is classified 
as cost of goods sold concurrently.

Other Revenues - Miscellaneous revenues and offsets not associated with one of the above classifications primarily include floor 
plan interest reimbursements, extended warranty revenues and rental revenues.

Advertising Expense - The cost of advertising is expensed as incurred. The Company incurred $1.8 million, $2.1 million and 
$1.5  million  in  advertising  costs  during  2023,  2022  and  2021,  respectively,  which  are  included  in  "Selling,  general  and 
administrative expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Research  and  Development  -  Research  and  development  costs  primarily  include  employee  compensation  and  prototype 
materials costs related to the development of new products and significant improvements to existing product lines. These costs 
are  expensed  as  incurred. The  Company  incurred  $22.0  million,  $31.5  million  and  $26.5  million  in  research  and  development 
costs  during  2023,  2022  and  2021,  respectively,  which  are  included  in  "Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses"  in  the 
Consolidated Statements of Operations. 

Share-Based Compensation - The grant date fair value of share-based compensation awards is based upon the closing market 
price  of  the  Company's  common  stock  on  the  day  prior  to  the  grant  date,  except  for  performance  stock  awards  with  a  total 
shareholder return ("TSR") market metric for which the Company estimates fair value using a Monte-Carlo simulation model. The 
Company recognizes compensation expense for all awards over the requisite service period. Forfeitures are recognized as they 
occur. Compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value as described above, except for performance stock awards 
with  a  return  on  invested  capital  ("ROIC")  performance  metric.  For  these  awards,  compensation  expense  is  based  on  the 
probable  outcome  of  achieving  the  specified  performance  conditions.  The  Company  reassesses  whether  achievement  of  the 
ROIC  performance  metric  is  probable  at  each  reporting  date. The  Company's  equity  awards  are  further  described  in  Note 17, 
Share-Based Compensation.

Restructuring - The Company continually reviews its organizational structure and operations to ensure they are optimized and 
aligned  with  achieving  near-term  and  long-term  operational  and  profitability  targets.  In  connection  with  this  review,  significant 
restructuring actions may be implemented. These actions can include personnel terminations, reorganization efforts to simplify 
and consolidate the Company's operations or the divestiture of underperforming manufacturing sites or product lines. Employee 
severance  and  related  termination  benefits  are  primarily  based  on  the  Company's  employment  policies  and  substantive 
severance plans. The Company records liabilities related to severance programs when the actions are probable and the amounts 
are reasonably estimable, which typically is when a restructuring plan has been approved. Additional liabilities may be recorded if 
a restructuring plan is extended or additional benefits are provided. In the event that affected employees are required to render 
additional  service  in  order  to  receive  severance  benefits  at  their  termination  dates,  severance  costs  are  measured  at  the  date 
that benefits are communicated to the applicable employees and recognized as expense over the employees’ remaining service 
periods.  Any  incremental  or  recovery  of  expense  related  to  stock  compensation  programs  are  recognized  at  the  end  of  the 
employees'  service  periods.  Restructuring  costs  include  any  ongoing  costs  related  to  exited  businesses  as  such  costs  are 
incurred.  Contract  termination  costs,  if  applicable,  are  recorded  when  contracts  are  terminated.  See  Note  21,  Strategic 

51

Transformation and Restructuring, Impairment and Other Asset Charges for additional discussion of the most recent restructuring 
actions taken.

Acquisitions - The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method. Accordingly, intangible assets 
are recorded apart from goodwill if they arise from contractual or legal rights or if they are separable from goodwill. Acquisition 
costs  are  expensed  as  incurred  and  contingent  consideration,  if  applicable,  is  booked  at  its  fair  value  as  part  of  the  purchase 
price. See Note 3, Acquisition for additional information on the Company's most recent acquisition.

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - The Company recognizes all derivatives in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair 
value. Derivatives that are not hedges are adjusted to fair value through income. If the derivative is a hedge, depending on the 
nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of derivatives are either offset against the change in fair value of assets, liabilities 
or firm commitments through income or recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) until the hedged item is recognized in 
income. The ineffective portion of a derivative's change in fair value is immediately recognized in income. From time to time, the 
Company's  foreign  subsidiaries  enter  into  foreign  currency  exchange  contracts  to  mitigate  exposure  to  fluctuation  in  currency 
exchange rates.

The  Company  is  exposed  to  certain  risks  relating  to  its  ongoing  business  operations.  The  primary  risk  managed  by  using 
derivative instruments is foreign currency risk. The fair value of the derivative financial instrument is recorded in the Consolidated 
Balance  Sheets  and  is  adjusted  to  fair  value  at  each  measurement  date.  The  changes  in  fair  value  are  recognized  in  the 
Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  in  the  current  period. The  Company  does  not  engage  in  speculative  transactions,  nor 
does it hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. The weighted average U.S. dollar equivalent notional 
amount of outstanding foreign currency exchange contracts was $12.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The 
Company  reported  no  derivative  assets  at  December  31,  2023  and  nominal  derivative  assets  in  "Prepaid  expenses  and  other 
assets"  at  December  31,  2022.  The  Company  held  $0.1  million  of  derivative  liabilities  at  December  31,  2023  and  nominal 
derivative liabilities in "Other current liabilities" at December 31, 2022.

The  Company  recognized,  as  a  component  of  "Other  income  (expenses),  net",  net  losses  on  the  change  in  fair  value  of 
derivative instruments of $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and a net 
gain  of  $0.8  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021.  There  were  no  derivatives  that  were  designated  as  hedges  at 
December 31, 2023 or 2022.

Foreign  Currency  -  Subsidiaries  located  in  Australia,  Belgium,  Brazil,  Canada,  France,  India,  South  Africa,  and  the  United 
Kingdom operate primarily using local functional currencies. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated 
using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, and revenues and costs are translated using average exchange rates in 
effect  during  the  period.  The  resulting  adjustments  are  presented  as  a  separate  component  of  "Accumulated  other 
comprehensive  loss".  Foreign  currency  transaction  gains  and  losses,  net  are  included  in  "Other  income  (expenses),  net"  and 
amounted to gains of $1.1 million in 2023 and losses of $0.4 million and $1.3 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Earnings Per Share - Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing "Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest" by 
the  weighted  average  number  of  shares  outstanding  during  the  reported  period.  Deferred  stock  units  are  fully  vested  and,  as 
such,  are  included  in  basic  earnings  per  share.  Diluted  earnings  per  share  includes  the  dilutive  effect  of  common  stock 
equivalents  consisting  of  restricted  stock  units,  performance  stock  units,  related  dividend  equivalents  and  stock  held  in  the 
Company's  deferred  compensation  programs,  using  the  treasury  stock  method.  Potential  common  shares  that  have  an 
antidilutive  effect  (i.e.  those  that  increase  income  per  share  or  decrease  loss  per  share)  are  excluded  from  the  calculation  of 
diluted earnings per share. Performance stock units, which are considered contingently issuable, are considered dilutive when 
the related performance criterion has been met.

52

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the number of shares used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per 
share:

Denominator:

Denominator for basic earnings per share

  22,719,900 

  22,790,717 

  22,726,767 

Years Ended December 31, 

2023

2022

2021

Effect of dilutive securities:

Restricted stock units

Unvested performance share units

Deferred compensation programs

31,847 

3,144 

26,478 

— 

— 

— 

150,754 

35,747 

35,364 

Denominator for diluted earnings per share

  22,781,369 

  22,790,717 

  22,948,632 

Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share  

7,495 

255,738 

75,451 

Related Party Transactions - The Company had no material related party transactions during the years ended December 31, 
2023, 2022 and 2021.

Reclassifications  and  Adjustments  - Certain  reclassifications  have  been  made  to  the  prior  period  financial  information  to 
conform to the presentation used in the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. 

•

•

The  Company  elected  to  present  other  receivables,  net  of  allowance  for  credit  losses  in  "Trade  receivables,  contract 
assets and other receivables, net". These amounts were previously included in a separate financial statement caption in 
the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The  Company  elected  to  present  research  and  development  expenses  in  "Selling,  general  and  administrative 
expenses".  These  amounts  were  previously  included  in  a  separate  financial  statement  caption  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Operations.

During  the  first  quarter  of  2023,  the  Company  identified  immaterial  errors  associated  with  over-accruals  of  inventory-related 
expenses  in  its  historical  financial  statements. The  cumulative  effect  of  the  errors  generated  in  2021  and  2022  was  corrected 
during the first quarter of 2023, resulting in a decrease in "Cost of sales" of $1.9 million. Such adjustment was not considered 
material  to  the  Company's  consolidated  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022  or  any  of  the  financial 
statements for the previously filed annual periods.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In  October  2021,  the  Financial Accounting  Standards  Board  ("FASB")  issued Accounting  Standards  Update  ("ASU")  2021-08, 
"Business  Combinations  (Topic  805): Accounting  for  Contract Assets  and  Contract  Liabilities  from  Contracts  with  Customers", 
which requires entities to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in 
accordance with ASC 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The update will generally result in an entity 
recognizing contract assets and contract liabilities at amounts consistent with those recorded by the acquiree immediately before 
the acquisition date rather than at fair value. The new standard is effective on a prospective basis for fiscal years beginning after 
December  15,  2022,  with  early  adoption  permitted.  The  Company  elected  to  early  adopt  this  guidance  on April  1,  2022.  The 
adoption  of  this  new  standard  did  not  have  a  material  impact  on  its  financial  position,  results  of  operations,  cash  flows  or 
disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In  November  2023,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2023-07,  "Segment  Reporting  (Topic  280):  Improvement  to  Reportable  Segment 
Disclosures", which requires entities to disclose significant segment expenses, other segment items, the title and position of the 
chief  operating  decision  maker  ("CODM")  and  information  related  to  how  the  CODM  assesses  segment  performance  and 
allocates resources, among certain other required disclosures. Additionally, current annual disclosures will be required in interim 
periods. The new standard is effective, on a retrospective basis, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim 
periods  within  fiscal  years  beginning  after  December  15,  2024,  with  early  adoption  permitted.  The  Company  is  currently 
evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its financial statement disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures", which 
requires  entities  to  disclose  specific  categories  in  the  income  tax  rate  reconciliation  and  provide  additional  information  for 
reconciling items that meet a specified quantitative threshold. In addition, the new standard requires disclosure of the amount of 
income  taxes  paid  disaggregated  by  federal,  state  and  foreign  taxes  and  by  jurisdiction  for  exceeding  a  specified  quantitative 

53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
threshold. Additionally, income or loss from continuing operations before income tax and income tax expense will be required to 
be disaggregated between domestic and foreign as well as by federal, state and foreign. The new standard is effective for fiscal 
years  beginning  after  December  15,  2024  on  a  prospective  basis,  with  retrospective  application  permitted.  The  Company  is 
currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its financial statement disclosures.

Recent accounting guidance not discussed above is not applicable, did not have, or is not expected to have a material impact on 
the Company.

3. Acquisition

MINDS Acquisition - The Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 22, 2022, by and between 
MINDS Automation Group, Inc. ("MINDS"), a leader in plant automation control systems and cloud-based data management in 
the asphalt industry in Canada. The acquisition was completed on April 1, 2022 at a purchase price of $19.3 million, which was 
paid  in  cash.  The  Company's  allocation  of  the  purchase  price  resulted  in  the  recognition  of  $9.3  million  of  goodwill  and 
$9.3 million of intangible assets primarily consisting of customer relationships (9 year life) and developed technology (7 year life). 
Significant inputs and assumptions used in determining the fair values of these intangible assets include management's forecasts 
of  future  revenues,  earnings  and  cash  flows,  a  discount  rate  based  on  the  median  weighted  average  cost  of  capital  of  the 
Company and select market competitors, and the proportion of intangible assets acquired in relation to tangible assets. Goodwill 
acquired  is  attributable  to  future  growth  opportunities  provided  by  the  acquired  intellectual  capital  and  the  ability  to  generate 
cross-selling synergies. The acquisition provides the Company with a broader line of controls and automation products designed 
to deliver enhanced productivity through improved equipment performance. Results of operations have been consolidated from 
the  date  of  acquisition.  The  goodwill  is  not  deductible  for  income  tax  purposes.  Proforma  financial  information  is  not  included 
since not significant.

Acquisition  and  integration  costs  incurred  were  nominal  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  for  this  acquisition. 
Acquisition and integration costs of $1.2 million were expensed as incurred during the year ended December 31, 2022 for this 
acquisition.  These  costs  are  recorded  in  "Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses"  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Operations.

The following table summarizes the allocations of the total purchase price:

(in millions)

Cash

Trade receivables

Inventories

Prepaid expenses and other assets

Property and equipment

Goodwill

Intangible assets

Other long-term assets

Total assets acquired

Accounts payable

Accrued payroll and related liabilities

Other current liabilities

Deferred income tax liabilities

Other long-term liabilities

Total liabilities assumed

Total purchase price

54

$ 

Amount

1.5 

2.7 

0.7 

0.4 

0.2 

9.3 

9.3 

0.5 

$ 

24.6 

(0.7) 

(0.8) 

(1.1) 

(2.4) 

(0.3) 

(5.3) 

$ 

19.3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

(in millions)
Raw materials and parts

Work-in-process

Finished goods

Used equipment

Total

5. Fair Value Measurements

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

298.6  $ 

302.9 

87.1 

68.3 

1.6 

57.3 

32.1 

1.1 

$ 

455.6  $ 

393.4 

The Company has various financial instruments that must be measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including marketable 
debt  and  equity  securities  held  by  Astec  Insurance  and  marketable  equity  securities  held  in  the  Company's  deferred 
compensation  programs.  The  Company's  deferred  compensation  programs  ("DCP")  include  a  non-qualified  Supplemental 
Executive  Retirement  Plan  ("SERP")  and  a  separate  non-qualified  Deferred  Compensation  Plan.  Although  the  deferred 
compensation programs' investments are allocated to individual participants, and investment decisions are made solely by those 
participants,  they  are  non-qualified  plans.  Consequently,  the  Company  owns  the  assets  and  the  related  offsetting  liability  for 
disbursement until such time as a participant makes a qualifying withdrawal. The DCP assets and related offsetting liabilities are 
recorded  in  non-current  "Investments"  and  "Other  long-term  liabilities",  respectively,  in  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets.  The 
Company's subsidiaries also occasionally enter into foreign currency exchange contracts to mitigate exposure to fluctuations in 
currency exchange rates.

The  carrying  amount  of  cash,  cash  equivalents  and  restricted  cash,  trade  receivables  and  contract  assets,  other  receivables, 
accounts  payable,  short-term  debt  and  long-term  debt  approximates  their  fair  value  because  of  their  short-term  nature  and/or 
interest  rates  associated  with  the  instruments.  Investments  are  carried  at  their  fair  value  based  on  quoted  market  prices  for 
identical  or  similar  assets  or,  where  no  quoted  prices  exist,  other  observable  inputs  for  the  asset.  The  fair  values  of  foreign 
currency  exchange  contracts  are  based  on  quotations  from  various  banks  for  similar  instruments  using  models  with  market-
based inputs.

Financial assets and liabilities are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their 
fair value. The inputs used to measure the fair value are identified in the following hierarchy:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Unadjusted  quoted  prices  in  active  markets  for  similar  assets  or  liabilities;  or  unadjusted  quoted  prices  for 
identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or inputs other than quoted prices that 
are observable for the asset or liability.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing 

the asset or liability at the measurement date.

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
As indicated in the tables below, the Company has determined that all of its financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, 
2023 and 2022 are Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as defined above:

(in millions)
Financial assets:

Trading equity securities:

December 31, 2023

Level 1

Level 2

Total

Deferred compensation programs' mutual funds

$ 

4.2  $ 

—  $ 

Preferred stocks

Equity funds

Trading debt securities:

Corporate bonds

Agency bonds

U.S. government securities

Asset-backed securities

Exchange traded funds

Mortgage backed securities

Other

Total financial assets

Financial liabilities:

Derivative financial instruments

Deferred compensation programs' liabilities

Total financial liabilities

(in millions)
Financial assets:

Trading equity securities:

$ 

$ 

$ 

Preferred stocks

Equity funds

Trading debt securities:

Corporate bonds

U.S. government securities

Asset-backed securities

Exchange traded funds

Mortgage backed securities
Other

Total financial assets

Financial liabilities:

Deferred compensation programs' liabilities

Total financial liabilities

12.0  $ 

7.5  $ 

19.5 

—  $ 

— 

—  $ 

0.1  $ 

5.5 

5.6  $ 

December 31, 2022

Level 1

Level 2

Total

0.3 

0.7 

3.4 
— 

1.9 

— 

1.3 

— 

0.2 

— 

— 

— 
2.5 

— 

4.0 

— 

0.5 

0.5 

0.3 

0.6 

5.0 

0.8 

— 

1.3 

— 

0.2 

— 

— 

— 

— 

5.4 

— 

0.5 

0.5 

4.2 

0.3 

0.7 

3.4 
2.5 

1.9 

4.0 

1.3 

0.5 

0.7 

0.1 

5.5 

5.6 

4.4 

0.3 

0.6 

5.0 

0.8 

5.4 

1.3 

0.5 

0.7 

Deferred compensation programs' mutual funds

$ 

4.4  $ 

—  $ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

12.6  $ 

6.4  $ 

19.0 

—  $ 

—  $ 

5.7  $ 

5.7  $ 

5.7 

5.7 

56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. Investments

The Company's trading securities consist of the following:

(in millions)
Trading equity securities
Trading debt securities
Total

(in millions)
Trading equity securities
Trading debt securities
Total

December 31, 2023

Amortized 
Cost

Gross 
Unrealized 
Gains

Gross 
Unrealized 
Losses

Fair Value 
(Net 
Carrying 
Amount)

$ 

$ 

5.1  $ 

14.6 
19.7  $ 

0.2  $ 
— 
0.2  $ 

0.1  $ 
0.3 
0.4  $ 

5.2 
14.3 
19.5 

December 31, 2022

Amortized 
Cost

Gross 
Unrealized 
Gains

Gross 
Unrealized 
Losses

Fair Value 
(Net 
Carrying 
Amount)

$ 

$ 

5.9  $ 

14.3 
20.2  $ 

0.1  $ 
— 
0.1  $ 

0.7  $ 
0.6 
1.3  $ 

5.3 
13.7 
19.0 

Trading  equity  investments  are  valued  at  their  estimated  fair  value  based  on  their  quoted  market  prices,  and  trading  debt 
securities are valued based upon a mix of observable market prices and model driven prices derived from a matrix of observable 
market prices for assets with similar characteristics obtained from a nationally recognized third-party pricing service. Additionally, 
a  significant  portion  of  the  trading  equity  securities  are  in  mutual  funds  and  also  comprise  a  portion  of  the  Company's  liability 
under its DCP. See Note 14, Employee Benefit Plans, for additional information on these investments and the DCP.

Trading debt securities are comprised of marketable debt securities held by Astec Insurance. Astec Insurance has an investment 
strategy that focuses on providing regular and predictable interest income from a diversified portfolio of high-quality fixed income 
securities.

7. Goodwill

The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually on October 1, or more frequently should circumstances change or events 
occur that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value between annual impairment 
tests. The goodwill impairment test is performed for each of the Company's four reporting units which have goodwill recorded.

Management elected to perform a qualitative assessment for the October 1, 2023 annual impairment analysis, which indicated 
no impairment at any of its reporting units. This review included the Company's evaluation of relevant events and circumstances 
in  totality  that  affect  the  fair  value  of  the  reporting  units.  These  events  and  circumstances  include,  but  are  not  limited  to, 
macroeconomic  conditions,  industry  and  competitive  environment  conditions,  overall  financial  performance,  business  specific 
events and market considerations. The majority of the Company's goodwill was generated on a legacy basis and as a result have 
fair values that sufficiently exceed their underlying carrying values.

Management  performed  a  quantitative  and  a  qualitative  assessment  for  the  annual  tests  of  goodwill  impairment  performed  on 
October 1, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and concluded that there was no impairment of goodwill. 

The  Company  completed  the  acquisition  of  MINDS Automation  Group,  Inc.  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  which 
increased goodwill $9.3 million.

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  changes  in  the  carrying  amount  of  goodwill  and  accumulated  impairment  losses  by  reporting  segment  during  the  years 
ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

(in millions)

Balance, December 31, 2021:

Goodwill

Accumulated impairment losses

Net

2022 Activity:

Foreign currency translation

Acquisitions

Total 2022 activity

Balance, December 31, 2022:

Goodwill

Accumulated impairment

Net

2023 Activity:

Foreign currency translation

Total 2023 activity

Balance, December 31, 2023:

Goodwill

Accumulated impairment

Net

8. Intangible Assets

Infrastructure 
Solutions

Materials 
Solutions

Corporate and 
Other

Total

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

39.4  $ 

(21.8)   

17.6  $ 

33.2  $ 

(12.2)   

21.0  $ 

(0.5)  $ 

(1.6)  $ 

— 

— 

(0.5)  $ 

(1.6)  $ 

38.9  $ 

(21.8)   

17.1  $ 

0.2  $ 

0.2  $ 

39.1  $ 

(21.8)   

17.3  $ 

31.6  $ 

(12.2)   

19.4  $ 

0.7  $ 

0.7  $ 

32.3  $ 

(12.2)   

20.1  $ 

—  $ 

— 

—  $ 

(0.6)  $ 

9.3 

8.7  $ 

8.7  $ 

— 

8.7  $ 

0.2  $ 

0.2  $ 

8.9  $ 

— 

8.9  $ 

72.6 

(34.0) 

38.6 

(2.7) 

9.3 

6.6 

79.2 

(34.0) 

45.2 

1.1 

1.1 

80.3 

(34.0) 

46.3 

Intangible assets consisted of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

(in millions)
Dealer network and 
customer relationships
Trade names
Other
Total

2023

2022

Gross 
Carrying 
Value

Accumulated 
Amortization

Net Carrying 
Value

Gross 
Carrying 
Value

Accumulated 
Amortization

Net Carrying 
Value

$ 

$ 

42.3  $ 
10.3 
15.1 
67.7  $ 

29.8  $ 
10.2 
11.3 
51.3  $ 

12.5  $ 

0.1 
3.8 

16.4  $ 

41.7  $ 
10.2 
15.7 
67.6  $ 

26.0  $ 
10.0 
9.1 

45.1  $ 

15.7 
0.2 
6.6 
22.5 

Amortization expense on intangible assets was $5.5 million, $8.5 million and $10.1 million for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

Future annual expected amortization expense on intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 are as follows (in millions):

2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029 and thereafter

$ 

4.8 
2.8 
2.3 
2.0 
1.8 
2.7 

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment at cost, less accumulated depreciation, is as follows:

(in millions)
Land
Building and land improvements
Construction in progress
Manufacturing and office equipment
Aviation equipment
Less accumulated depreciation
Total

December 31,

2023

2022

12.7  $ 

149.1 
20.3 
249.0 
4.6 
(248.1)   
187.6  $ 

12.4 
140.8 
19.7 
230.0 
4.5 
(233.8) 
173.6 

$ 

$ 

Depreciation  expense  was  $20.1  million,  $19.4  million  and  $20.1  million  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023,  2022  and 
2021, respectively.

10. Leases

The  Company  records  its  operating  lease  ROU  assets  in  "Other  long-term  assets"  and  its  operating  lease  liabilities  in  "Other 
current liabilities" and "Other long-term liabilities". As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any finance 
leases.

Additional information related to the Company’s operating leases is reflected in the tables below:

(in millions)
Operating lease expense
Short-term lease expense
Cash paid for operating leases included in operating cash flows

(in millions)
Operating lease right-of-use asset
Operating lease short-term liability
Operating lease long-term liability

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)

Weighted average discount rate used in calculating right-of-use asset

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

$ 

3.6  $ 
2.5 
3.6 

2.8  $ 
2.9 
2.5 

2.3 
1.5 
2.5 

$ 

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

8.5 
2.3 
6.5 

4.45
 4.75 %

10.8 
2.7 
8.3 

5.07
 4.61 %

Future annual minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2023 are as follows (in millions):

2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029 and thereafter
Total lease payments
Less: Interest
Operating lease liabilities

11. Debt

$ 

$ 

$ 

2.6 
2.1 
2.0 
1.7 
0.4 
0.8 
9.6 
(0.8) 
8.8 

On  December  19,  2022,  the  Company  and  certain  of  its  subsidiaries  entered  into  a  new  credit  agreement  (the  "Credit 
Agreement")  with  Wells  Fargo  Bank,  National Association,  as  administrative  agent,  and  the  lenders  party  thereto.  The  Credit 
Agreement provides for (i) a revolving credit facility (consisting of revolving credit loans and swingline loans) and a letter of credit 
facility, in an aggregate amount of up to $250.0 million, (ii) an incremental credit facility in an aggregate amount not to exceed 
$125.0 million (the “Credit Facilities”) and (iii) a maturity date of December 19, 2027. Loans under the incremental credit facility 

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
shall have a maturity date as specified in the relevant incremental credit facility documentation. In connection with the entry into 
the  Credit  Facilities,  the  Company  repaid  all  outstanding  borrowings  under  the  Previous  Credit  Facility.  Unamortized  debt 
issuance  costs  for  the  Credit  Facilities  total $1.2  million  at  December  31,  2023,  of  which  $0.3  million  are  included  in  "Prepaid 
expenses and other assets" and $0.9 million are included in "Other long-term assets" in the Company's Consolidated Balance 
Sheets. Debt issuance costs are amortized on a straight-line basis to "Interest expense" over the term of the Credit Facilities.

At the Company’s election, revolving credit loans and incremental term loans advanced under the Credit Agreement shall bear 
interest at (i) adjusted term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") for one-, three- or six-month periods, as selected by the 
Company,  plus  an  applicable  margin  ranging  between  1.175%  and  2.175%  per  annum,  or  (ii)  the  highest  of  the  Wells  Fargo 
Bank, National Association prime rate, the Federal Funds rate plus 0.50%, and an adjusted term SOFR for a one month tenor in 
effect  on  such  day  plus  1.00%,  plus  an  applicable  margin  ranging  between  0.175%  and  1.175%  per  annum.  Swingline  loans 
shall bear interest at the highest of the Wells Fargo Bank, National Association prime rate, the Federal Funds rate plus 0.50%, 
and an adjusted term SOFR for a one-month tenor in effect on such day plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin ranging between 
0.175% and 1.175% per annum.

The Company also pays a commitment fee ranging from 0.150% to 0.250% per annum to the lenders under the revolving credit 
facility  on  the  average  amount  by  which  the  aggregate  commitments  of  the  lenders  exceed  utilization  of  the  revolving  credit 
facility.  The  applicable  margins  and  the  commitment  fee  are  determined  based  on  the  Company's  Consolidated  Total  Net 
Leverage Ratio, as defined by the Credit Agreement, at the relevant time.

The obligations of the Company in respect of the Credit Facilities are secured and guaranteed by the U.S. domestic subsidiaries 
of the Company, subject to customary exceptions.

The  Credit Agreement includes certain affirmative and  negative  covenants that impose restrictions  on the Company's  financial 
and business operations, including limitations on liens, indebtedness, investments, dispositions of assets, dividends, distributions 
and other restricted payments, fundamental changes or changes in the nature of the Company's business. These limitations are 
subject to customary exceptions. The Company is also required to maintain a (i) Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio of not 
more  than  3.50  to  1.00  as  of  the  last  day  of  any  fiscal  quarter  which  may  be  increased  to  4.00  to  1.00  in  connection  with  a 
permitted acquisition and subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement and (ii) Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio of at least 
2.50  to  1.00  as  of  the  last  day  of  any  fiscal  quarter.  The  Company  was  in  compliance  with  the  financial  covenants  as  of 
December 31, 2023.

The  Credit  Agreement  contains  events  of  default  customary  for  this  type  of  financing,  including  a  cross  default  and  cross 
acceleration  provision  to  certain  other  material  indebtedness  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries.  Upon  the  occurrence  of  an 
event  of  default,  the  outstanding  obligations  under  the  Credit  Agreement  may  be  accelerated  and  become  due  and  payable 
immediately. In addition, if certain change of control events occur with respect to the Company, the Company is required to repay 
the loans outstanding under the Credit Facilities.

The Company's Brazilian subsidiary maintains a separate term loan for working capital purposes with a bank in Brazil, which is 
secured by its manufacturing facility ("Term Loan").

Certain of the Company's international subsidiaries in Australia, Brazil, Canada, South Africa and the United Kingdom each have 
separate credit facilities with local financial institutions primarily to finance short-term working capital needs, as well as to cover 
foreign exchange contracts, performance letters of credit, advance payment and retention guarantees. In addition, the Brazilian 
subsidiary also enters into order anticipation agreements on a periodic basis. Both the outstanding borrowings under the credit 
facilities  of  the  international  subsidiaries  and  the  order  anticipation  agreements  are  recorded  in  "Short-term  debt"  in  the 
Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Each of the credit facilities are generally guaranteed by Astec Industries, Inc. and/or 
secured with certain assets of the local subsidiary.

60

Additional details for the Company's Credit Facilities, Term Loan and international credit facilities are summarized in total below:

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

(in millions, except maturity dates and interest rates)
Credit Facilities

Line of credit - maximum
Letters of credit - maximum
Borrowings outstanding
Amount of letters of credit outstanding
Line of credit, additional borrowing capacity

Term Loan

Current maturities
Long-term maturities
Interest rate
Maturity date

International Credit Facilities and Short-Term Debt

Total credit line
Available credit line
Letters of credit - maximum
Amount of letters of credit outstanding
Short-term debt
Weighted average interest rate

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

250.0 
30.0 
72.0 
3.3 
174.7 

0.1 
— 
 10.37 %
April 15, 2024

21.7 
9.9 
9.7 
2.7 
11.0 
11.35%

Debt maturities for the Company's long-term debt are expected to be as follows (in millions):

2024
2025
2026
2027

12. Product Warranty Reserves

250.0 
30.0 
78.0 
2.8 
169.2 

0.2 
0.1 
 10.37 %
April 15, 2024

15.3 
5.7 
7.0 
0.7 
9.4 
10.51%

$ 

0.1 
— 
— 
72.0 

The Company warrants its products against manufacturing defects and performance to specified standards. The warranty period 
and performance standards vary by product but generally range from three months to two years or up to a specified number of 
hours of operation. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under its warranties and records a liability at the time 
product sales are recorded. The warranty liability is primarily based on historical claim rates, nature of claims and the associated 
costs.

Changes in the Company's product warranty liability during 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

(in millions)
Reserve balance, January 1

Warranty liabilities accrued

Warranty liabilities settled

Other

Reserve balance, December 31

13. Accrued Loss Reserves

2023

2022

2021

$ 

11.9  $ 

10.5  $ 

17.6 

(13.1)   

0.1 

12.6 

(11.1)   

(0.1)   

$ 

16.5  $ 

11.9  $ 

10.3 

10.9 

(10.7) 

— 

10.5 

The Company accrues reserves for losses related to known workers' compensation and general liability claims that have been 
incurred but not yet paid or are estimated to have been incurred but not yet reported to the Company. The undiscounted reserves 
are  actuarially  determined  based  on  the  Company's  evaluation  of  the  type  and  severity  of  individual  claims  and  historical 
information, primarily its own claims experience, along with assumptions about future events. Changes in assumptions, as well 
as  changes  in  actual  experience,  could  cause  these  estimates  to  change  in  the  future. Total  accrued  loss  reserves  were $7.2 
million and $5.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, of which $4.5 million and $3.9 million

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
were  included  in  "Other  long-term  liabilities"  in  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  as  of  December  31,  2023  and  2022, 
respectively.

14. Employee Benefit Plans

Deferred Compensation Programs

The Company's DCP includes a non-qualified SERP and a separate non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan.

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan

The  Company  maintains  a  SERP  for  certain  of  its  executive  management. The  SERP  has  been  closed  to  new  entrants  since 
December  2020.  This  plan  is  a  non-qualified  deferred  compensation  plan  administered  by  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Company,  pursuant  to  which  the  Company  makes  quarterly  cash  contributions  of  a  certain  percentage  of  participants' 
compensation.  Investments  are  self-directed  by  participants  and  can  include  Company  stock.  Upon  retirement  or  termination, 
participants  receive  their  apportioned  share  of  the  plan  assets  in  the  form  of  cash  based  on  a  pre-determined  schedule  of 
distributions.

Deferred Compensation Plan

The Company maintains a Deferred Compensation Plan for certain of its executive and senior management. This plan is a non-
qualified  deferred  compensation  plan  administered  by  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Company,  pursuant  to  which  eligible 
employees can defer the receipt of base and bonus compensation to a future date. Investments are self-directed by participants 
and can include Company stock. Upon retirement or termination, participants receive their apportioned share of the plan assets 
in the form of cash based on a pre-determined schedule of distributions.

Assets of the Deferred Compensation Programs consist of the following:

(in millions)
Money market fund
Company stock
Equity securities
Total

December 31, 2023
Cost

Market

December 31, 2022
Cost

Market

$ 

$ 

0.5  $ 
0.8 
4.1 
5.4  $ 

0.5  $ 
0.8 
4.2 
5.5  $ 

0.1  $ 
1.1 
5.0 
6.2  $ 

0.1 
1.2 
4.4 
5.7 

The  Company  records  an  adjustment  to  the  deferred  compensation  liability  related  to  the  DCP  such  that  the  balance  of  the 
liability  equals  the  total  fair  market  value  of  all  assets  held  by  the  trusts  established  under  the  programs  each  period.  Such 
liabilities are included in "Other long-term liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The money market fund is included in 
"Cash,  cash  equivalents  and  restricted  cash"  in  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets.  The  equity  securities  are  included  in 
"Investments"  in  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  and  classified  as  trading  equity  securities.  See  Note  6,  Investments,  for 
additional  information.  The  cost  of  the  Company  stock  held  by  the  plan  is  included  in  "Company  stock  held  by  deferred 
compensation programs, at cost" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The change in the fair market value of Company stock held in the programs results in a charge or credit to "Selling, general and 
administrative  expenses"  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  because  the  acquisition  cost  of  the  Company  stock  in 
the programs is recorded in "Company stock held by deferred compensation programs, at cost" and is not adjusted to fair market 
value;  however,  the  related  liability  is  adjusted  to  the  fair  market  value  of  the  stock  as  of  each  period  end.  The  Company 
recognized income of $0.1 million and $0.9 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively, and expense of $0.5 million in 2021 related to 
the change in the fair value of the Company stock held in the DCP.

401(k) Plan

The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan to provide eligible employees with additional income upon retirement. 
The Company's contributions to the plan are based on employee contributions. The Company's contributions totaled $8.1 million, 
$7.7 million and $7.2 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Pension Plan

Prior  to  December  31,  2003,  all  employees  of  the  Company's  Kolberg-Pioneer,  Inc.  subsidiary,  which  is  included  in  the 
Company's  Materials  Solutions  reportable  segment,  were  covered  by  a  defined  pension  plan  (the  "Pension  Plan").  After 
December 31, 2003, all benefit accruals under the plan ceased and no new employees could become participants in the plan. 
Benefits paid under this plan were based on years of service multiplied by a monthly amount. The Company's funding policy for 
the plan was to make at least the minimum annual contributions required by applicable regulations.

62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company's investment strategy for the plan was to earn a rate of return sufficient to match or exceed the long-term growth of 
pension liabilities. The investment policy stated that the Plan Committee in its sole discretion determined the allocation of plan 
assets  among  the  following  four  asset  classes:  cash  equivalents,  fixed-income  securities,  domestic  equities  and  international 
equities.  The  Plan  Committee  attempted  to  ensure  adequate  diversification  of  the  invested  assets  through  investment  in  an 
exchange traded mutual fund that invested in a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds and money market securities.

In October 2021, the Company settled its obligations under the Pension Plan by providing $5.5 million in lump sum payments to 
eligible  participants  who  elected  to  receive  them  and  through  the  purchase  of  annuity  contracts  from  a  highly  rated  insurance 
company for $12.2 million. The settlement of the plan resulted in excess plan assets of approximately $1.5 million, which was 
subject to a 50% excise tax. A charge of $5.2 million, including excise tax, was recognized in the fourth quarter of 2021 in "Other 
income  (expenses),  net"  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations.  Details  related  to  the  Pension  Plan  through  its 
termination date are presented herein.

Historically, the determination of obligations and expenses under the Company's pension plan was dependent on the Company's 
selection  of  certain  assumptions  used  by  independent  actuaries  in  calculating  such  amounts.  Those  assumptions  included, 
among others, the discount rate, expected return on plan assets and the expected mortality rates. Actual results that differ from 
assumptions were accumulated and amortized over future periods and therefore, generally affected the recognized expense in 
such periods.

The Company recognized the overfunded or underfunded status of its pension plan as an asset or liability. Actuarial gains and 
losses were recognized through "Other comprehensive income (loss)" in the year in which the changes occurred. The Company 
measured the funded status of its pension plan as of the date of the Company's fiscal year-end.

Net periodic benefit cost for 2021 included the following components:

(in millions)
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Amortization of actuarial loss
Pension settlement

Net periodic benefit cost

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income 
(loss):
Amortization of net loss
Pension settlement

Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income (loss)

Pension Benefits

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

0.4 
(1.0) 
0.4 
4.5 
4.3 

(0.4) 
(4.5) 
(4.9) 
(0.6) 

To  develop  the  expected  long-term  rate  of  return  on  assets  assumptions,  the  Company  considered  the  historical  returns  and 
future expectations for returns in each asset class, as well as targeted asset allocation percentages within the asset portfolios. 

15. Income Taxes

For financial reporting purposes, income before income taxes includes the following components:

(in millions)
United States

Foreign

Income before income taxes

Years Ended December 31, 

2023

2022

2021

$ 

$ 

36.4  $ 

6.4 

42.8  $ 

8.5  $ 

(4.1)   

4.4  $ 

12.8 

1.0 

13.8 

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following:

(in millions)
Current provision (benefit):

Federal

State

Foreign
Total current provision (benefit)

Deferred benefit:

Federal

State

Foreign
Total deferred benefit

Total provision (benefit):

Federal

State

Foreign

Years Ended December 31, 

2023

2022

2021

$ 

8.2  $ 

17.4  $ 

4.5 

2.8 

15.5 

(3.6)   

(2.8)   

— 

2.4 

2.3 

22.1 

(18.3)   

(1.0)   

2.2 

(6.4)   

(17.1)   

4.6 

1.7 

2.8 

(0.9)   

1.4 

4.5 

Total income tax provision (benefit)

$ 

9.1  $ 

5.0  $ 

(0.4) 

(0.7) 

0.3 

(0.8) 

(0.1) 

1.1 

(2.3) 

(1.3) 

(0.5) 

0.4 

(2.0) 

(2.1) 

The Company's "Income tax provision (benefit)" is computed based on the domestic and foreign federal statutory rates and the 
average state statutory rates, net of related federal benefit.

The provision (benefit) for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to 
income before income taxes. A reconciliation of the provision (benefit) for income taxes at the statutory federal income tax rate to 
the amount provided is as follows:

(in millions)
Tax expense at the statutory federal income tax rate
State income tax, net of federal income tax
Research and development tax credits
Impact of uncertain tax positions
Impact of uncertain tax positions - liquidation of subsidiary
Change in foreign subsidiary net operating loss carryforward
Valuation allowance impact
Changes in tax rates
Share-based compensation
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction
Foreign tax credit
Other items
Total income tax provision (benefit)

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

$ 

$ 

8.9  $ 
0.4 
(2.8)   
1.0 
— 
— 
0.3 
0.8 
0.6 
(0.7)   
(0.5)   
1.1 
9.1  $ 

0.9  $ 
0.6 
(3.3)   
1.2 
— 
— 
6.0 
0.2 
0.4 
(0.9)   
(0.2)   
0.1 
5.0  $ 

2.9 
1.3 
(4.1) 
1.8 
(0.7) 
4.4 
(8.1) 
0.7 
0.4 
— 
— 
(0.7) 
(2.1) 

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities 
for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

(in millions)
Deferred tax assets:

Amortization of research and experimental expenditures
Inventory reserves
Warranty reserves
Credit loss reserves
State tax loss carryforwards
Accrued vacation
Deferred compensation
Share-based compensation
Goodwill
Foreign net operating loss
Lease obligation
Employee & insurance accruals
Domestic credit carryforwards
Deferred revenue
Valuation allowances
Other

Total deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:

Property and equipment
Intangibles
Right-of-use assets
Post-retirement benefits
Other

Total deferred tax liabilities
Total net deferred assets

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

24.7  $ 

5.8 
3.7 
0.8 
11.5 
1.2 
1.1 
2.6 
1.7 
7.9 
1.3 
1.0 
1.5 
2.2 
(12.5)   
— 
54.5 

14.0 
1.8 
1.3 
0.5 
0.5 
18.1 
36.4  $ 

$ 

18.4 
4.7 
2.2 
0.6 
11.6 
1.6 
1.1 
4.4 
1.8 
7.2 
1.8 
1.0 
1.5 
1.7 
(11.9) 
0.9 
48.6 

13.6 
2.7 
1.8 
0.5 
— 
18.6 
30.0 

Beginning  in  2022,  the  Tax  Cuts  and  Jobs  Act  of  2017  eliminated  the  option  to  deduct  research  and  experimental  ("R&E") 
expenditures immediately in the year incurred and requires taxpayers to instead capitalize and amortize such expenditures over 
a period of five years for U.S. activity and 15 years for foreign activity. Taxpayers cannot recover R&E costs before the end of the 
amortization period even if sold or abandoned. The Company has a deferred tax asset of $24.7 million for R&E expenditures as 
of December 31, 2023.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had gross state net operating losses ("NOL") carryforwards of $222.1 million and gross 
foreign NOL carryforwards of approximately $26.5 million, which are available to offset future taxable income. If not used, these 
carryforwards will expire between 2024 and 2035. The Company does not have a federal net operating loss carryforward.

A significant portion of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets relates to the future utilization of state and foreign NOL 
and state tax credit carryforwards. Future utilization of these NOL and state tax credit carryforwards is evaluated by the Company 
on a periodic basis, and the valuation allowance is adjusted accordingly. In 2023, the valuation allowance on these carryforwards 
increased  by  $0.6  million,  of  which  $1.2  million  relates  to  a  valuation  allowance  on  the  deferred  tax  assets  related  to  NOLs 
generated  by  the  Company's  United  Kingdom  subsidiary.  The  remaining  change  in  valuation  allowances  is  due  to  the 
unrealizable  portion  of  certain  entities’  state  and  foreign  NOL  carryforwards  and  certain  other  deferred  tax  assets  in  foreign 
jurisdictions.

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  following  table  represents  a  rollforward  of  the  deferred  tax  asset  valuation  allowance  for  the  years  ended December  31, 
2023, 2022 and 2021:

(in millions)
Allowance balance, beginning of year
Provision
Reversals
Other
Allowance balance, end of year

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

$ 

11.9  $ 

1.8 
(1.6)   
0.4 

$ 

12.5  $ 

5.9  $ 
6.0 
— 
— 
11.9  $ 

14.0 
0.6 
(8.1) 
(0.6) 
5.9 

Undistributed foreign earnings are considered to be indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. as of December 31, 2023. Because 
those  earnings  are  considered  to  be  indefinitely  reinvested,  no  deferred  income  taxes  have  been  provided  thereon.  If  the 
Company were to make a distribution of any portion of those earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, any such amounts 
would be subject to withholding taxes payable to various foreign jurisdictions; however, the amounts would not be subject to any 
additional  U.S.  income  tax.  As  of  December  31,  2023,  the  cumulative  amount  of  undistributed  U.S.  GAAP  earnings  for  the 
Company's foreign subsidiaries was $63.3 million. 

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company 
is currently under examination for 2018 with taxing authorities in the United States. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. 
federal income tax examinations by authorities for years prior to 2014. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to 
state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by authorities for years prior to 2019.

The  Company  has  a  liability  for  unrecognized  tax  benefits  of  $13.0  million  and  $12.0  million  (excluding  accrued  interest  and 
penalties) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to 
unrecognized  tax  benefits  in  "Interest  expense"  and  "Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses",  respectively,  in  the 
Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations. The  Company  did  not  recognize  any  tax  benefits  for  interest  and  penalties  related  to 
amounts that were settled for less than previously accrued in 2023 or 2022. The net total amount of unrecognized tax benefits 
that, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate is $15.7 million and $13.7 million at December 31, 2023 and 
2022, respectively, and were included in "Other long-term liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company does not 
expect a significant increase or decrease to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending unrecognized tax benefits excluding interest and penalties is as follows:

(in millions)
Balance, beginning of year
Additions for tax positions taken in current year
Additions for tax positions taken in prior period
Decreases related to sustained tax positions
Balance, end of year

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

$ 

$ 

12.0  $ 

0.9 
0.1 
— 
13.0  $ 

10.8  $ 

1.2 
— 
— 
12.0  $ 

9.7 
1.0 
0.8 
(0.7) 
10.8 

The  tax  positions  in  the  December  31,  2023  balance  of  unrecognized  tax  benefits  are  expected  to  reverse  through  income  in 
future years.

The  Organization  for  Economic  Cooperation  and  Development  ("OECD")  has  made  changes  to  many  long-standing  transfer 
pricing  and  cross-border  taxation  rules  that  affect  the  Company's  operations.  The  OECD  has  introduced  a  framework  to 
implement  a  15%  global  minimum  corporate  tax,  referred  to  as  Pillar  2.  The  objective  of  Pillar  2  is  for  large  multinational 
enterprises  to  pay  a  minimum  level  of  tax  on  the  income  arising  in  each  jurisdiction  where  they  operate.  While  it  is  uncertain 
whether the U.S. will enact legislation to adopt Pillar 2 rules, some countries have enacted legislation and other countries are in 
the process of introducing legislation to implement Pillar 2. Currently, Canada is the only country in which the Company operates 
that has released proposed legislation to implement Pillar 2. The Company does not expect Pillar 2 to have a material impact on 
its effective tax rate, consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

16. Commitments and Contingencies

Certain customers have financed purchases of Company products through arrangements with third-party financing institutions in 
which the Company is contingently liable for customer debt of $1.1 million and $2.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, 
respectively.  These  arrangements  expire  at  various  dates  through  September  2026.  Additionally,  the  Company  is  also 
contingently  liable  for  1.75%  of  the  unpaid  balance,  determined  as  of  December  31  of  the  prior  year  (or  approximately  $0.1 
million  for  2023),  on  certain  past  customer  equipment  purchases  that  were  financed  by  an  outside  finance  company.  The 
agreements provide that the Company will receive the lender's full security interest in the equipment financed if the Company is 

66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
required to fulfill its contingent liability under these arrangements. The Company has recorded a liability of $0.6 million and $1.0 
million related to these guarantees, which were included in "Other current liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company reviews off-balance sheet guarantees individually and at the loss pool level based on one agreement. Prior history 
is considered with respect to the Company having to perform on any off-balance sheet guarantees, as well as future projections 
of individual customer credit worthiness with respect to assessing credit losses related to off-balance sheet guarantees.

In addition, the Company is contingently liable under letters of credit issued under its Credit Facilities totaling $3.3 million as of 
December 31, 2023. The outstanding letters of credit expire at various dates through November 2024. Unused letters of credit 
under the Credit Facilities are $26.7 million as of December 31, 2023. The Company is additionally contingently liable for a total 
of $7.2 million in performance letters of credit and retention guarantees primarily held by its foreign subsidiaries, of which $4.7 
million  are  secured  by  separate  credit  facilities  with  various  financial  institutions  as  of  December  31,  2023.  Unused  letters  of 
credit under these separate credit facilities is $8.4 million as of December 31, 2023.

The  Company  and  certain  of  its  former  executive  officers  were  named  as  defendants  in  a  putative  shareholder  class  action 
lawsuit filed on February 1, 2019, as amended on August 26, 2019, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of 
Tennessee. The action is styled City of Taylor General Employees Retirement System v. Astec Industries, Inc., et al., Case No. 
1:19-cv-24-CEA-CHS.  The  complaint  generally  alleges  that  the  defendants  violated  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as 
amended (the "Exchange Act"), and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder by making allegedly false and misleading statements 
and  that  the  individual  defendants  were  control  persons  under  Section  20(a)  of  the  Exchange  Act.  The  complaint  is  filed  on 
behalf of shareholders who purchased stock of the Company between July 26, 2016 and October 22, 2018 and seeks monetary 
damages  on  behalf  of  the  purported  class.  On  October  25,  2019,  the  defendants  filed  a  Motion  to  Dismiss.  On  February  19, 
2021,  the  Motion  to  Dismiss  was  granted  with  prejudice  and  judgment  was  entered  for  the  defendants.  On  March  19,  2021, 
plaintiff  filed  a  Motion  to Alter  or Amend  the  Judgment  and  For  Leave  to  File  the  Proposed Amended  Complaint,  which  was 
denied on May 5, 2021. The plaintiff appealed the Motion to Dismiss and denial of its Motion to Alter or Amend the Judgment and 
For Leave to File the Proposed Amended Complaint to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. On March 31, 
2022, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit issued an opinion reversing the dismissal of the Company and one 
former executive officer, affirming the dismissal of certain other former executive officers and remanding the action to the United 
States  District  Court  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Tennessee  for  proceedings  consistent  with  the  opinion.  On  July  11,  2022,  the 
defendants filed an answer to the complaint, and the action is now in discovery.

The Company's GEFCO, Inc. ("GEFCO") subsidiary has been named a defendant in a lawsuit originally filed on August 16, 2018, 
with an amended complaint filed on January 25, 2019, in the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma. 
The  action  is  styled  VenVer  S.A.  and  Americas  Coil  Tubing  LLP  v.  GEFCO,  Inc.,  Case  No.  CIV-18-790-SLP.  The  complaint 
alleges  breaches  of  warranty  and  other  similar  claims  regarding  equipment  sold  by  GEFCO  in 2013.  In  addition  to  seeking  a 
rescission of the purchase contract, the plaintiff is seeking special and consequential damages. The original purchase price of 
the  equipment  was  approximately  $8.5  million.  On  July  7,  2020,  the  plaintiffs  filed  a  separate  lawsuit  directly  against  Astec 
Industries, Inc. that generally mirrored the allegations in the GEFCO suit. In January 2023, the court allowed Astec Industries, 
Inc.  to  be  added  as  a  defendant  to  the  GEFCO  suit  and,  as  a  result,  the  separate  suit  against  Astec  Industries,  Inc.  was 
dismissed. The Company and GEFCO each dispute the plaintiffs' allegations and are vigorously defending the GEFCO suit. The 
Company is unable to determine whether or not a future loss will be incurred due to this litigation or estimate the possible loss or 
range of loss, if any, at this time.

On  October  5,  2023,  a  jury  in  the  355th  Judicial  District  Court,  Hood  County,  State  of  Texas,  rendered  a  verdict  against  the 
Company's Telsmith, Inc. subsidiary in the matter styled 37 Building Products, Ltd. ("37 BP") v. Telsmith, Inc. ("Telsmith"), et al. 
originally  filed  on  January  28,  2019,  with  additional  defendants  later  added.  All  other  defendants  settled  prior  to  trial  except 
Telsmith. 37 BP alleged breaches of warranty and negligent misrepresentation regarding equipment manufactured by Telsmith 
and purchased by 37 BP in 2017 through one of the Company's dealers. On December 19, 2023, a judgment was issued in the 
amount  of  $7.9  million  (the  “Judgment”)  which  takes  into  account  credit  for  settlement  amounts  of  all  other  defendants  in  this 
case. Based on the jury verdict, management recorded a loss contingency of $6.4 million in "Selling, general and administrative 
expenses"  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  and  "Other  current  liabilities"  in  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets 
during the third quarter of 2023 representing management's best estimate of the loss at that time. During the fourth quarter of 
2023,  the  loss  contingency  was  increased  $1.5  million  based  on  the  Judgment  to  a  total  of  $7.9  million  for  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2023. Telsmith  filed  a  Motion  for  Judgment  Notwithstanding  the  Verdict  that  the  court  denied  on  December  19, 
2023. Telsmith filed a Motion for New Trial and Motion for Remittitur on January 18, 2024. The court denied Telsmith's motion for 
a new trial on February 9, 2024. A supersedeas bond was filed on February 12, 2024 for approximately $4.2 million, which allows 
the Company to appeal the case in the Texas Court of Appeals.

In addition to the matters noted above, the Company is currently a party, and may become a party, to various other claims and 
legal  proceedings  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business.  If  management  believes  that  a  loss  arising  from  any  claims  and  legal 
proceedings  is  probable  and  can  reasonably  be  estimated,  the  Company  records  the  amount  of  the  loss  (excluding  estimated 
legal  fees)  or,  when  the  loss  is  estimated  using  a  range  and  no  point  within  the  range  is  more  probable  than  another,  the 
minimum  estimated  liability.  As  management  becomes  aware  of  additional  information  concerning  such  contingencies,  any 
potential liability related to these matters is assessed and the estimates are revised, if necessary. If management believes that a 

67

loss arising from such claims and legal proceedings is either (i) probable but cannot be reasonably estimated or (ii) reasonably 
estimable  but  not  probable,  the  Company  does  not  record  the  amount  of  the  loss  but  does  make  specific  disclosure  of  such 
matter. 

Based upon currently available information and with the advice of counsel, management believes that the ultimate outcome of its 
current claims and legal proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's 
financial  position,  cash  flows  or  results  of  operations.  However,  claims  and  legal  proceedings  are  subject  to  inherent 
uncertainties  and  rulings  unfavorable  to  the  Company  could  occur.  If  an  unfavorable  ruling  were  to  occur,  there  exists  the 
possibility of a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position, cash flows or results of operations.

17. Share-Based Compensation

Prior to its expiration on February 25, 2021, the Company's 2011 Incentive Plan ("2011 Plan") provided for the grant of share-
based  awards  to  employees,  officers,  directors  and  consultants.  The  2011  Plan  authorized  the  grant  of  options,  share 
appreciation rights,  restricted stock, restricted stock  units, deferred stock units, performance awards, dividend equivalents and 
other share-based and cash awards. Under the 2011 Plan, the Company had restricted stock units, performance stock units and 
deferred stock units, none of which participated in Company-paid dividends. All outstanding awards under the 2011 Plan vested 
or were forfeited during 2023.

On April 27, 2021 ("Plan Effective Date"), the Company's shareholders approved the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan ("2021 Plan"), 
which is administered by the Company's Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Compensation Committee"). 
The 2021 Plan provides for a total of 1,280,000 shares to be reserved and available for issuance pursuant to the grant of new 
awards  under  the  2021  Plan.  To  the  extent  that  all  or  a  portion  of  an  award  (or,  after  December  31,  2020,  an  award  granted 
under the 2011 Plan) is canceled, terminates, expires, is forfeited or lapses for any reason (including by reason of failure to meet 
time-based and/or performance-based vesting requirements), any unissued or forfeited shares originally subject to the award will 
be added back to the 2021 Plan share reserve and again be available for issuance pursuant to awards granted under the 2021 
Plan. The 2021 Plan authorizes the grant of options, share appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, deferred 
stock units, performance awards, dividend equivalents and other share-based and cash awards. Awards granted under the 2021 
Plan provide for dividend equivalents, which are subject to the same forfeiture, transfer restrictions and deferral terms as apply to 
the award to which they relate.

Share-based compensation expense of $4.1 million, $6.8 million and $6.0 million was recorded in the years ended December 31, 
2023,  2022  and  2021,  respectively,  and  recognized  in  "Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses"  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Operations.

Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs")

Prior to 2020, key members of management were awarded with RSUs each year based upon the financial performance of the 
Company and its subsidiaries. Beginning in 2020, awards have been determined based on a predetermined award value of the 
base salary of eligible employees aligned to a total compensation program. 

RSUs awards generally vest ratably, at the end of each 12-month period, over a three-year service period. A participant generally 
must  be  employed  by  the  Company  on  the  vesting  date  of  each  award,  however,  awards  will  vest  if  employment  terminates 
earlier  on  account  of  a  qualifying  employment  termination  event  such  as  death,  disability  or  retirement  at  age  65. Additional 
RSUs are granted on an annual basis to the Company's outside directors under the 2021 Plan generally with a one-year vesting 
period.

Changes in restricted stock units during the year ended December 31, 2023 are as follows:

(in thousands, except weighted average grant date fair value)
Unvested as of January 1, 2023

Granted

Vested

Forfeited

Unvested as of December 31, 2023

Restricted 
Stock Units

Weighted 
Average 
Grant Date 
Fair Value

215  $ 

112  $ 

(110)  $ 

(89)  $ 

128  $ 

48.89 

43.50 

44.65 

49.20 

47.34 

68

 
 
 
 
 
The following additional activity occurred for the Company's restricted stock units:

(in millions, except weighted average grant date fair value per award granted)
Weighted average grant date fair value per award
Fair value of awards vested and issued
Tax (expense) benefit for restricted stock compensation expense

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

$ 
$ 
$ 

43.50  $ 
4.8  $ 
(0.4)  $ 

47.11  $ 
4.7  $ 
(0.1)  $ 

77.38 
9.3 
3.8 

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $3.1 million of unrecognized compensation expense before tax related to RSUs, 
which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years. 

Performance Stock Units ("PSUs")

Beginning in 2020, PSUs were granted to officers and other key employees. Vesting is subject to both the continued employment 
of  the  participant  with  the  Company  and  the  achievement  of  certain  performance  metrics  established  by  the  Compensation 
Committee. A participant generally must be employed by the Company on the vesting date of each award, however, a portion of 
a participant's awards will vest if employment terminates earlier on account of a qualifying employment termination event such as 
death, disability or retirement at age 65. 

PSUs granted in 2020 were divided into three equal tranches with cliff vesting periods of one year, two years and three years. 
Awards  granted  beginning  in  2021  generally  cliff  vest three  years  from  the  date  of  grant. The  number  of  PSUs  that  vest  may 
range  from  zero  to  200%  of  the  target  shares  granted  and  is  determined  for  each  award  based  on  the  achievement  of  two 
equally  weighted  performance  criteria:  ROIC  and  TSR.  The  PSUs  are  settled  in  common  stock  of  the  Company,  with  holders 
receiving one common share for each PSU that vests.

Changes in PSUs during the year ended December 31, 2023 are as follows:

(in thousands, except weighted average grant date fair value)
Unvested as of January 1, 2023

Granted

Vested*

Forfeited

Unvested as of December 31, 2023

Performance 
Stock Units

Weighted 
Average 
Grant Date 
Fair Value

151  $ 

75  $ 

(47)  $ 

(73)  $ 

106  $ 

61.24 

43.19 

51.43 

55.53 

56.72 

* The vested PSUs presented are based on the target amount of the award for the third tranche of the 2020 awards and for the awards that were 
modified  in  conjunction  with  the  termination  of  the  Company's  previous  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  the  limited  overhead  restructuring  action 
implemented in February 2023. In accordance with the terms of the underlying award agreements, the actual shares earned and distributed for 
the performance periods ended during 2023 was 83% of the target shares granted, rounded to the nearest whole share.

The following additional activity occurred for the Company's performance stock units:

(in millions, except weighted average grant date fair value per award granted)
Weighted average grant date fair value per award
Fair value of awards vested and issued
Tax (expense) benefit for performance stock compensation expense

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

$ 
$ 
$ 

43.19  $ 
1.6  $ 
(1.0)  $ 

51.56  $ 
1.7  $ 
0.2  $ 

92.98 
4.5 
2.3 

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $2.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense before tax related to PSUs, 
which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.9 years.

Deferred Stock Units ("DSUs")

The Non-Employee Directors Compensation Plan allows for deferred delivery of shares granted as payment of directors' annual 
retainer. As  of  December  31,  2023,  there  were  26,029  fully  vested  deferred  stock  units,  which  were  excluded  from  the  tables 
above. The aggregate fair value of these units at December 31, 2023 was $1.0 million.

The  2021  Plan  and  the  2011  Equity  Incentive  Plan  allow  for  certain  participants  to  elect  to  receive  vested  units  on  a  deferred 
basis.  As  of  December  31,  2023,  there  were  8,234  fully  vested  deferred  stock  units,  which  are  excluded  from  the  unvested 

69

 
 
 
 
 
balances as of December 31, 2023 in the tables above. The aggregate fair value of these units at December 31, 2023 was $0.3 
million.

18. Revenue Recognition

The  following  tables  disaggregates  the  Company's  revenue  by  major  source  for  the  periods  ended December  31,  2023,  2022
and 2021 (excluding intercompany sales):

(in millions)
Net Sales-Domestic:

Equipment sales

Parts and component sales

Service and equipment installation revenue

Used equipment sales

Freight revenue

Other

Total domestic revenue

Net Sales-International:

Equipment sales

Parts and component sales

Service and equipment installation revenue

Used equipment sales

Freight revenue

Other

Total international revenue

Total net sales

For the Year Ended December 31, 2023

Infrastructure 
Solutions

Materials 
Solutions

Corporate 
and Other

Total

$ 

458.5  $ 

252.5  $ 

2.7  $ 

215.7 

43.4 

3.6 

22.6 

1.3 

745.1 

84.8 

41.2 

5.0 

0.2 

2.5 

— 

83.7 

0.8 

— 

8.0 

(10.3)   

334.7 

66.4 

39.8 

7.7 

— 

1.3 

0.1 

133.7 

115.3 

0.2 

0.1 

— 

— 

0.6 

3.6 

5.0 

0.1 

0.5 

— 

— 

0.2 

5.8 

713.7 

299.6 

44.3 

3.6 

30.6 

(8.4) 

1,083.4 

156.2 

81.1 

13.2 

0.2 

3.8 

0.3 

254.8 

$ 

878.8  $ 

450.0  $ 

9.4  $ 

1,338.2 

70

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Net Sales-Domestic:

Equipment sales

Parts and component sales

Service and equipment installation revenue

Used equipment sales

Freight revenue

Other

Total domestic revenue

Net Sales-International:

Equipment sales

Parts and component sales

Service and equipment installation revenue

Used equipment sales

Freight revenue

Other

Total international revenue

Total net sales

(in millions)
Net Sales-Domestic:

Equipment sales

Parts and component sales

Service and equipment installation revenue

Used equipment sales

Freight revenue

Other

Total domestic revenue

Net Sales-International:

Equipment sales

Parts and component sales

Service and equipment installation revenue

Used equipment sales

Freight revenue

Other

Total international revenue

Total net sales

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022

Infrastructure 
Solutions

Materials 
Solutions

Corporate 
and Other

Total

$ 

454.9  $ 

219.7  $ 

2.1  $ 

198.3 

21.5 

6.7 

23.5 

0.2 

705.1 

92.8 

42.7 

3.9 

0.5 

2.4 

— 

85.1 

0.7 

— 

8.0 

(6.6)   

306.9 

69.0 

39.9 

3.1 

2.2 

1.3 

0.3 

142.3 

115.8 

0.1 

— 

— 

— 

0.1 

2.3 

1.5 

0.1 

0.4 

— 

— 

0.1 

2.1 

676.7 

283.5 

22.2 

6.7 

31.5 

(6.3) 

1,014.3 

163.3 

82.7 

7.4 

2.7 

3.7 

0.4 

260.2 

$ 

847.4  $ 

422.7  $ 

4.4  $ 

1,274.5 

For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Infrastructure 
Solutions

Materials 
Solutions

Corporate 
and Other

Total

$ 

374.8  $ 

157.6  $ 

—  $ 

180.2 

17.0 

9.4 

20.9 

(0.6)   

601.7 

94.5 

40.5 

3.1 

0.9 

2.4 

0.3 

77.7 

0.5 

0.8 

5.9 

(2.1)   

240.4 

72.0 

33.2 

1.9 

2.5 

1.8 

0.3 

141.7 

111.7 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

532.4 

257.9 

17.5 

10.2 

26.8 

(2.7) 

842.1 

166.5 

73.7 

5.0 

3.4 

4.2 

0.6 

253.4 

$ 

743.4  $ 

352.1  $ 

—  $ 

1,095.5 

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had contract assets of $3.7 million and contract liabilities, excluding customer deposits, 
of  $5.6  million,  of  which  $0.8  million  was  deferred  revenue  related  to  extended  warranties.  As  of  December  31,  2022,  the 
Company had contract assets of $3.8 million and contract liabilities, excluding customer deposits, of $5.5 million, of which $2.9 

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
million was deferred revenue related to extended warranties. Total extended warranty sales were $1.1 million, $1.1 million and 
$1.5 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

19. Operations by Industry Segment and Geographic Area

The Company has two reportable segments, each of which comprise sites based upon the nature of the products produced or 
services  provided,  the  type  of  customer  for  the  products,  the  similarity  of  economic  characteristics,  the  manner  in  which 
management reviews results and the nature of the production process, among other considerations.

Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA is the measure of segment profit or loss used by the Company's Chief Executive Officer, 
whom is determined to be the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), to evaluate performance and allocate resources to the 
operating  segments  is  Segment  Operating  Adjusted  EBITDA.  Segment  Operating  Adjusted  EBITDA,  a  non-GAAP  financial 
measure,  is  defined  as  net  income  or  loss  before  the  impact  of  interest  income  or  expense,  income  taxes,  depreciation  and 
amortization  and  certain  other  adjustments  that  are  not  considered  by  the  CODM  in  the  evaluation  of  ongoing  operating 
performance. The Company's presentation of Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures 
used  by  other  companies  and  is  not  necessarily  indicative  of  the  results  of  operations  that  would  have  occurred  had  each 
reportable segment been an independent, stand-alone entity during the periods presented.

A brief description of each segment is as follows:

Infrastructure  Solutions  -  Sites  within  the  Infrastructure  Solutions  segment  design,  engineer,  manufacture  and  market  a 
complete  line  of  asphalt  plants,  concrete  plants  and  their  related  components  and  ancillary  equipment  as  well  as  supplying 
asphalt road construction equipment, industrial thermal systems and other heavy equipment. The sites based in North America 
within the Infrastructure Solutions segment are primarily manufacturing operations, while those located outside of North America 
service and install equipment and provide parts in the regions in which they operate for many of the products produced by all of 
the Company's manufacturing sites. The primary purchasers of the products produced by this segment are asphalt and concrete 
producers,  highway  and  heavy  equipment  contractors,  utility  contractors,  forestry  and  environmental  recycling  contractors  and 
domestic and foreign governmental agencies. 

Materials  Solutions  -  Sites  within  the  Materials  Solutions  segment  design  and  manufacture  heavy  processing  equipment,  in 
addition to servicing and supplying parts for the aggregate, metallic mining, recycling, ports and bulk handling markets. The sites 
within the Materials Solutions segment are primarily manufacturing operations, with the AME site functioning to market, service 
and  install  equipment  and  provide  parts  in  the  regions  in  which  they  operate  for  many  of  the  products  produced  by  all  of  the 
Company's  manufacturing  sites.  Additionally,  the  Materials  Solutions  segment  offers  consulting  and  engineering  services  to 
provide  complete  "turnkey"  processing  systems.  The  principal  purchasers  of  aggregate  processing  equipment  include 
distributors, highway and heavy equipment contractors, sand and gravel producers, demolition, recycle and crushing contractors, 
open  mine  operators,  quarry  operators,  port  and  inland  terminal  authorities,  power  stations  and  foreign  and  domestic 
governmental agencies.

Corporate  and  Other  -  The  Corporate  and  Other  category  consists  primarily  of  the  parent  company,  the  Company's  captive 
insurance  company, Astec  Insurance,  and Astec  Digital,  the  controls  and  automation  business  including  the  MINDS  business 
acquired in April 2022, which do not meet the requirements for separate disclosure as an operating segment or inclusion in one 
of  the  other  reporting  segments.  The  parent  company  and  the  captive  insurance  company  provide  support  and  corporate 
oversight for other sites. The controls and automation business manufactures hardware and software products that are marketed 
independently and included in certain products of the Company's other segments.

The  accounting  policies  of  the  reportable  segments  are  the  same  as  those  described  in  Note  2,  Basis  of  Presentation  and 
Significant Accounting Policies. Intersegment sales and transfers between foreign subsidiaries are valued at prices comparable 
to those for unrelated parties.

Segment information for 2023:

(in millions)
Revenues from external customers
Intersegment revenues
Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA

Assets
Capital expenditures

Infrastructure 
Solutions

Materials 
Solutions

Corporate 
and Other

Total

$ 

878.8  $ 

450.0  $ 

10.8 
105.8 

1,085.7 
24.7 

52.4 
50.8 

735.7 
8.8 

9.4  $ 
1.1 
(44.9)   

801.9 
0.6 

1,338.2 
64.3 
111.7 

2,623.3 
34.1 

72

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment information for 2022:

(in millions)
Revenues from external customers
Intersegment revenues
Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA

Assets
Capital expenditures

Segment information for 2021:

(in millions)
Revenues from external customers
Intersegment revenues
Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA

Assets
Capital expenditures

Infrastructure 
Solutions

Materials 
Solutions

Corporate 
and Other

Total

$ 

847.4  $ 
8.9 
73.0 

1,016.3 
28.9 

422.7  $ 

47.2 
44.5 

719.5 
11.1 

4.4  $ 
— 
(46.5)   

676.8 
0.7 

1,274.5 
56.1 
71.0 

2,412.6 
40.7 

Infrastructure 
Solutions

Materials 
Solutions

Corporate 
and Other

Total

$ 

743.4  $ 
4.2 
73.9 

989.6 
12.2 

352.1  $ 

30.4 
39.1 

668.8 
5.6 

—  $ 
— 
(48.2)   

649.7 
2.3 

1,095.5 
34.6 
64.8 

2,308.1 
20.1 

The totals of segment information for all reportable segments reconciles to consolidated totals as follows:

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

$ 

111.7  $ 

71.0  $ 

64.8 

(29.2)   
— 
(7.7)   
(1.2)   
3.1 
— 
(6.8)   
(25.6)   
(9.1)   
(0.2)   
(1.5)   
33.5  $ 

(25.5)   
— 
(6.2)   
(3.5)   
0.7 
(2.0)   
(1.5)   
(27.9)   
(5.0)   
0.5 
(0.7)   
(0.1)  $ 

(13.4) 
(4.7) 
(2.9) 
(0.2) 
0.6 
— 
(0.6) 
(30.2) 
2.1 
(0.1) 
0.4 
15.8 

2,623.3  $ 

2,412.6  $ 

(5.0)   
(997.2)   
(521.5)   
(40.3)   
1,059.3  $ 

(3.0)   
(883.5)   
(481.2)   
(30.5)   
1,014.4  $ 

2,308.1 
(2.4) 
(921.0) 
(456.8) 
(22.1) 
905.8 

$ 

$ 

$ 

(in millions)
Segment Operating Adjusted EBITDA
Adjustments:

Transformation program
Curtailment and settlement loss on pension and postretirement benefits, net
Restructuring and other related charges
Asset impairment
Gain on sale of property, equipment and business, net
Transaction costs
Interest expense, net
Depreciation and amortization
Income tax provision (benefit)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
(Elimination) recapture of intersegment profit
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest

Total segment assets
Elimination of intercompany profit in inventory
Elimination of intercompany receivables
Elimination of investment in subsidiaries
Other
Total consolidated assets

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales into major geographic regions were as follows:

(in millions)
United States
Canada
Australia and Oceania
Africa
Brazil
Other European Countries
South America (excluding Brazil)
Mexico
Other Asian Countries
Middle East
Central America (excluding Mexico)
West Indies
Post-Soviet States (excluding Russia)
India
Japan and Korea
Russia
Other
Total foreign
Total consolidated sales

"Property and equipment, net" by major geographic region is as follows:

(in millions)
United States
United Kingdom
Brazil
Canada 
Australia
South Africa
France
Chile
Other
Total foreign
Total property and equipment, net

20. Other Income and Expenses

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

$ 

$ 

1,083.4  $ 
58.5 
55.7 
36.6 
27.0 
26.2 
19.8 
8.4 
7.7 
4.9 
4.1 
2.5 
2.5 
0.6 
0.3 
— 
— 
254.8 
1,338.2  $ 

1,014.3  $ 
63.0 
46.7 
36.1 
24.8 
28.0 
20.0 
10.7 
10.3 
3.1 
10.7 
0.4 
2.7 
2.9 
0.4 
0.3 
0.1 
260.2 
1,274.5  $ 

842.1 
68.1 
43.4 
33.9 
21.5 
32.7 
15.2 
13.5 
5.4 
2.9 
3.9 
1.3 
3.6 
2.7 
2.7 
2.6 
— 
253.4 
1,095.5 

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

151.7  $ 

15.2 
7.4 
5.0 
4.4 
3.6 
0.2 
0.1 
— 
35.9 

$ 

187.6  $ 

142.4 
10.3 
6.9 
5.2 
4.4 
4.1 
— 
0.2 
0.1 
31.2 
173.6 

Other income (expenses), net, consists of the following:

(in millions)
Foreign exchange gains (losses), net
Investment income (loss), net
Curtailment and settlement loss on pension and postretirement benefits, net
Other, net
Total

Years Ended December 31, 
2021
2022

2023

$ 

$ 

0.7  $ 
0.2 
— 
0.1 
1.0  $ 

(0.9)  $ 
(0.9)   
— 
0.2 
(1.6)  $ 

(0.5) 
(0.3) 
(4.7) 
— 
(5.5) 

21. Strategic Transformation and Restructuring, Impairment and Other Asset Charges

The  Company's  strategic  transformation  program  includes  two  ongoing  initiatives.  The  Company  is  undergoing  a  multi-year 
phased implementation of a standardized enterprise resource planning ("ERP") across the global organization, which will replace 

74

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
much of the existing disparate core financial systems. The upgraded ERP will initially convert internal operations, manufacturing, 
finance, human capital resources management and customer relationship systems to cloud-based platforms. An implementation 
of  this  scale  is  a  major  financial  undertaking  and  requires  substantial  time  and  attention  of  management  and  key  employees. 
Additionally,  beginning  in  the  first  quarter  of  2022,  a  lean  manufacturing  initiative  at  one  of  the  Company's  largest  sites  was 
initiated.

Total costs of $29.7 million were incurred related to these strategic transformation initiatives in 2023, of which $29.4 million and 
$0.3 million are recorded in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" and "Cost of sales", respectively, in the Consolidated 
Statements of Operations. Costs totaling of $25.5 million and $13.4 million were incurred in 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are 
recorded  in  "Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses"  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations.  Capitalized 
implementation costs associated with the ERP implementation totaled $30.6 million, of which $3.3 million and $27.3 million were 
included in "Prepaid expenses and other assets" and "Other long-term assets", respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets 
as of December 31, 2023. Capitalized implementation costs totaled $17.8 million, of which $1.2 million and $16.6 million were 
included in "Prepaid expenses and other assets" and "Other long-term assets", respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets 
as  of  December  31,  2022.  Amortization  of  these  capitalized  implementation  costs  totaled  $1.9  million  during  2023,  which  is 
included in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

In addition, the Company periodically sells or disposes of its assets in the normal course of its business operations as they are 
no longer needed or used and may incur gains or losses on these disposals. Certain of the costs associated with these decisions 
are separately identified as restructuring. The Company reports asset impairment charges and gains or losses on the sales of 
property and equipment collectively, with restructuring charges in "Restructuring, impairment and other asset charges, net" in the 
Consolidated Statements of Operations to the extent they are experienced. 

The restructuring, asset impairment charges and net gain on sale of property and equipment incurred in 2023, 2022 and 2021
are as follows:

(in millions)
Restructuring related charges:

Costs associated with leadership change and overhead restructuring 
Costs associated with exited operations - Enid
Costs associated with closing Tacoma
Costs associated with closing Mequon

$ 

Total restructuring related charges

Asset impairment charges:
Other impairment charges
Total asset impairment charges

Gain on sale of property and equipment, net:
Gain on sale of property and equipment, net
Total gain on sale of property and equipment, net

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

7.3  $ 
0.4 
— 
— 
7.7 

4.4  $ 
1.0 
0.8 
— 
6.2 

1.2 
1.2 

3.5 
3.5 

— 
0.7 
1.6 
0.6 
2.9 

0.2 
0.2 

(3.1)   
(3.1)   

(0.7)   
(0.7)   

(0.6) 
(0.6) 

Restructuring, impairment and other asset charges, net

$ 

5.8  $ 

9.0  $ 

2.5 

Restructuring charges by segment are as follows:

(in millions)
Infrastructure Solutions
Materials Solutions
Corporate and Other
Total restructuring related charges

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

$ 

$ 

0.5  $ 
— 
7.2 
7.7  $ 

1.8  $ 
— 
4.4 
6.2  $ 

2.4 
0.5 
— 
2.9 

75

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment charges by segment are as follows: 

(in millions)
Infrastructure Solutions
Materials Solutions
Corporate and Other
Total impairment charges

The net gain on sale of property and equipment by segment are as follows:

(in millions)
Infrastructure Solutions
Materials Solutions
Total gain on sale of property and equipment, net

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

0.4  $ 
— 
0.8 
1.2  $ 

2.5  $ 
— 
1.0 
3.5  $ 

— 
0.2 
— 
0.2 

Years Ended December 31, 
2022

2021

2023

(3.1)  $ 
— 
(3.1)  $ 

(0.7)  $ 
— 
(0.7)  $ 

(0.5) 
(0.1) 
(0.6) 

Restructuring charges accrued, but not paid, were $0.1 million and $4.7 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 
2022, respectively.

In late 2019, the oil and gas drilling product lines produced at the Company's Enid, Oklahoma location ("Enid") formally included 
in  the  Company's  Infrastructure  Solutions  segment,  were  impaired  and  discontinued. The  sale  of  the  land  and  building  assets 
was completed in the fourth quarter of 2022 for approximately $4.7 million. In October 2020, the Company closed a transaction 
for the sale of Enid's water well assets, which included equipment, inventories and intangible assets. Additional purchase price 
adjustments related to this sale were completed in January 2021 whereby the Company had an obligation to pay the buyer $1.1 
million. This obligation was settled in the first quarter of 2021.

In January 2021, the Company announced plans to close the Tacoma facility in order to simplify and consolidate operations. The 
Tacoma facility ceased manufacturing operations at the end of 2021. The transfer of the manufacturing and marketing of Tacoma 
product  lines  to  other  facilities  within  the  Infrastructure  Solutions  segment  was  completed  during  the  first  quarter  of  2022.  In 
conjunction with this action, the Company recorded $0.8 million and $1.6 million of restructuring related charges during 2022 and 
2021,  respectively,  in  "Restructuring,  impairment  and  other  asset  charges,  net"  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations. 
The Company recorded the Tacoma facility's land, building and certain equipment assets of $15.4 million as held for sale in its 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022. The sale of these assets was completed in the first quarter of 2023 for 
$19.9 million. The Company recorded a gain on the sale of $3.4 million, which was recorded in "Restructuring, impairment and 
other asset charges, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During the second quarter of 2022, the Company determined that certain manufacturing equipment contracted to be constructed 
by a third-party vendor for a site within the Infrastructure Solutions segment, which had been prepaid, would not be recovered. 
As  such,  impairment  charges  of $2.1  million  were  recorded  in  "Restructuring,  impairment  and  other  asset  charges,  net"  in  the 
Consolidated Statements of Operations during 2022.

Effective  January  6,  2023,  Mr.  Barry  A.  Ruffalo's  employment  as  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  was  terminated.  In 
connection with his separation, the Company entered into an agreement with Mr. Ruffalo (the "Separation Agreement") pursuant 
to  which,  Mr.  Ruffalo  was  entitled  to  certain  severance  payments  and  benefits.  There  were  $4.4  million  of  restructuring  costs 
incurred  related  to  Mr.  Ruffalo's  separation  during  the  year  ended  December  21,  2022,  with  an  additional  $1.8  million  of 
restructuring  costs,  related  to  the  modification  of  Mr.  Ruffalo's  equity  awards  and  other  third-party  transition  support  costs 
incurred in the year ended December 31, 2023, which were recorded in "Restructuring, impairment and other asset charges, net" 
in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations.  The  related  recovery  of  $1.6  million  of  previously  incurred  share-based 
compensation  expense  was  recorded  in  "Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses"  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Operations  during  the  first  quarter  of  2023. The  Separation Agreement  also  includes  a  release  and  waiver  by  Mr.  Ruffalo  and 
other customary provisions.

Management  continually  reviews  the  Company's  organizational  structure  and  operations  to  ensure  they  are  optimized  and 
aligned with achieving near-term and long-term operational and profitability targets. In connection with this review, in February 
2023, the Company implemented a limited restructuring plan to right-size and reduce the fixed cost structure of certain overhead 
departments. Total charges of $5.5 million for employee termination costs, including equity award modifications, were recorded in 
"Restructuring, impairment and other asset charges, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The related recovery of 
$1.0  million  of  previously  incurred  share-based  compensation  expense  was  recorded  in  "Selling,  general  and  administrative 
expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

76

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our  management  has  established  and  maintains  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  that  are  designed  to  ensure  that  the 
information  required  to  be  disclosed  by  us  in  reports  that  we  file  or  submit  under  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as 
amended  (the  "Exchange  Act"),  is  recorded,  processed,  summarized  and  reported  within  the  time  periods  specified  in  the 
Securities  and  Exchange  Commission's  rules  and  forms,  and  that  such  information  is  accumulated  and  communicated  to 
management,  including  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  as  appropriate,  to  allow  timely  decisions 
regarding  required  disclosure.  Management  carried  out  an  evaluation,  under  the  supervision  and  with  the  participation  of  our 
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term 
is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based 
on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of December 31, 2023, the 
Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as such term 
is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). The Company's internal control over financial 
reporting  is  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of 
financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  U.S.  generally  accepted  accounting  principles.  Because  of  its 
inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements. Also,  projections  of  any 
evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management carried 
out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based 
on  the  framework  set  forth  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  in  Internal  Control—
Integrated  Framework  (2013).  Based  on  that  evaluation,  management  concluded  that  the  Company's  internal  control  over 
financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche 
LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is set forth in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We are currently undertaking a significant multi-year global ERP implementation to upgrade our information technology platforms 
and  business  processes.  The  implementation  is  occurring  in  phases  over  several  years  beginning  in  2023.  During  the  first 
quarter  of  2023,  we  implemented  the  human  capital  resources  management  module,  including  the  payroll  application  for  all 
locations  within  the  United  States.  During  the  second  quarter  of  2023,  we  implemented  the  ERP  at  Corporate  and  one 
manufacturing site. During the third quarter of 2023, we implemented the consolidations and reporting module. 

As  a  result  of  this  multi-year  implementation,  we  expect  certain  changes  to  our  processes  and  procedures,  which,  in  turn,  will 
result in changes to our internal control over financial reporting. While we expect this implementation to strengthen our internal 
control  over  financial  reporting  by  automating  certain  manual  processes  and  standardizing  business  processes  and  reporting 
across our organization, we will continue to evaluate and monitor our internal control over financial reporting as processes and 
procedures in the affected areas evolve. 

With  the  exception  of  the  implementations  described  above,  there  have  been  no  changes  in  our  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three month period ended December 
31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial 
reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

77

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

PART III

Our  Board  of  Directors  has  approved  a  Code  of  Conduct  and  Ethics  that  applies  to  our  employees,  directors  and  officers 
(including  our  principal  executive  officer,  principal  financial  officer  and  principal  accounting  officer).  The  Code  of  Conduct  and 
Ethics is available on our website at www.astecindustries.com/esg/governance-documents/. We intend to satisfy any disclosure 
requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of this Code of Conduct and 
Ethics by posting such information on our website at the address specified above.

The  remaining  information  required  by  this  Item  10  will  be  included  in  our  2024  Definitive  Proxy  Statement  for  our  Annual 
Meeting of Shareholders (the "Proxy Statement") and is incorporated herein by reference. 

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required to be disclosed by this Item 11 will be included in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by 
reference.

ITEM  12.  SECURITY  OWNERSHIP  OF  CERTAIN  BENEFICIAL  OWNERS  AND  MANAGEMENT  AND  RELATED 
SHAREHOLDER MATTERS

The information required to be disclosed by this Item 12 will be included in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by 
reference. 

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required to be disclosed by this Item 13 will be included in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by 
reference.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Our independent registered public accounting firm is Deloitte & Touche LLP, Nashville, Tennessee, PCAOB Auditor Firm ID: 34

Deloitte  &  Touche  LLP  was  appointed  on  March  2,  2023  as  our  independent  registered  public  accounting  firm  for  the  2023 
financial statements. Our predecessor auditor was KPMG LLP, Atlanta, Georgia, PCAOB Auditor Firm ID: 185.

The information required to be disclosed by this Item 14 will be included in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by 
reference.

78

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

PART IV

(a)(1) 
and Supplementary Data to this Report and are filed as a part hereof:

The following financial statements and the other information listed below appear in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements 

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(a)(2) 
required information is presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto.

Financial  Statement  Schedules  are  not  filed  with  this  Report  because  the  Schedules  are  either  inapplicable  or  the 

(b) 

The following Exhibits are incorporated by reference into or are filed with this Report:

Exhibit Description

Filed 
Herewith

Exhibit 
Number
3.1
3.2
4.1

10.1

10.2
10.3
10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9

10.10

10.11

10.12

10.13

10.14

21
23.1
23.2
31.1

Amended and Restated Charter of the Company
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company
Description of the Registrant's securities registered pursuant to 
Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Credit  Agreement,  dated  as  of  December  19,  2022,  between 
Astec Industries, Inc. and Certain of its Subsidiaries and Wells 
Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and 
the lenders party thereto
Astec Industries, Inc. 2011 Incentive Plan*
Astec Industries, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan*
Astec  Industries,  Inc.  Executive  Change  in  Control  Severance 
Plan, effective July 28, 2016*
Separation  Agreement,  dated  as  of  January  6,  2023,  by  and 
between Astec Industries, Inc. and Barry A. Ruffalo*
Form  of  Severance Agreement  between Astec  Industries,  Inc. 
and Certain Officers dated as of December 31, 2021*
Separation  Agreement,  dated  as  of  May  8,  2023,  by  and 
between Astec Industries, Inc. and Anshu Pasricha*
Trust  under  Astec  Industries,  Inc.  Supplemental  Retirement 
Plan, dated January 1, 1996*
Astec Industries, Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, 
as amended and restated through January 1, 2009*
Astec  Industries,  Inc.  Amended  and  Restated  Non-Employee 
Directors  Compensation  Plan,  original  effective April  23,  1998 
with amended and restated provisions effective April 29, 2016*
Astec  Industries,  Inc.  Deferred  Compensation  Plan  effective 
January 1, 2021*
Form  of  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Award  Certificate  under  the 
Astec Industries, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan*
Form  of  Performance-Based  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Award 
Inc.  2021  Equity 
Certificate  under 
Incentive Plan*
Form  of  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Award  Certificate  under  the 
Astec  Industries,  Inc.  2021  Equity  Incentive  Plan  -  Director 
Awards*
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Astec Industries, Inc. 
pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to 
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002

the  Astec 

Industries, 

79

Incorporated by Reference
Filing 
Period 
Date
Ended
9/30/2011
11/9/2011
12/21/2022 12/27/2022
12/31/2022

Form
10-Q
8-K
10-K

3/1/2023

8-K

12/19/2022 12/20/2022

DEF 14A
DEF 14A
10-K

12/31/2022

3/4/2011
3/18/2021
3/1/2023

8-K

1/6/2023

1/6/2023

10-Q

3/31/2022

5/5/2022

10-Q

6/30/2023

8/3/2023

10-K

12/31/1995

3/15/1996

10-K

12/31/2008

2/27/2009

10-K

12/31/2016

3/1/2017

10-Q

3/31/2021

5/6/2021

10-Q

3/31/2021

5/6/2021

10-Q

3/31/2021

5/6/2021

X

X
X
X
X

31.2

32.1

32.2

97
101

104

Certification  of  Chief  Financial  Officer  of Astec  Industries,  Inc. 
pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to 
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002
Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Astec Industries, Inc. 
pursuant  to  18  U.S.C.  Section  1350,  as  adopted  pursuant  to 
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Certification  of  Chief  Financial  Officer  of Astec  Industries,  Inc. 
pursuant  to  18  U.S.C.  Section  1350,  as  adopted  pursuant  to 
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002
Compensation Recoupment Policy*
The following materials from the Company's Annual Report on 
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 formatted in 
Inline  Extensible  Business  Reporting  Language  ("iXBRL"):  (i) 
the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations, 
the 
Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive  Income  (Loss), 
(iii)  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets,  (iv)  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Consolidated Statements of 
Equity  and  (vi)  related  notes,  tagged  as  blocks  of  text  and 
including detailed tags.
Cover page from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K 
for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  formatted  in  iXBRL 
(included as Exhibit 101).
*Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

(ii) 

X

X

X

X
X

X

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

80

Pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  Section  13  or  15(d)  of  the  Securities  Exchange Act  of  1934, Astec  Industries,  Inc.  has  duly 
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: February 28, 2024

SIGNATURES

ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.
(Registrant)

/s/ Jaco van der Merwe
Jaco van der Merwe, President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons 
on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

SIGNATURE

TITLE

/s/ Jaco van der Merwe
Jaco van der Merwe

President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer) 

/s/ Rebecca A. Weyenberg
Rebecca A. Weyenberg

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

DATE

February 28, 2024

February 28, 2024

/s/ Jamie E. Palm
Jamie E. Palm 

/s/ William D. Gehl
William D. Gehl

/s/ James B. Baker
James B. Baker

/s/ Tracey H. Cook
Tracey H. Cook

/s/ Mark J. Gliebe
Mark J. Gliebe

/s/ Mary L. Howell
Mary L. Howell

/s/ Jeffrey T. Jackson
Jeffrey T. Jackson

/s/ Nalin Jain
Nalin Jain

/s/ Linda I. Knoll
Linda I. Knoll

/s/ Patrick S. Shannon
Patrick S. Shannon

/s/ James Winford
James Winford

Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller 
(Principal Accounting Officer)

February 28, 2024

Director and Chairman of the Board

February 28, 2024

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

81

February 28, 2024

February 28, 2024

February 28, 2024

February 28, 2024

February 28, 2024

February 28, 2024

February 28, 2024

February 28, 2024

February 28, 2024

(This page has been left blank intentionally.) 

Transfer Agent
Computershare
250 Royall Street, Canton, MA 02021
800.617.6437
www.computershare.com/investor

Stock Exchange
NASDAQ, National Market—ASTE

Investor Relations
Stephen C. Anderson  
423.553.5934

Corporate Office
Astec Industries, Inc.  
1725 Shepherd Road  
Chattanooga, TN 37421

Ph 423.899.5898  Fax 423.899.4456

www.astecindustries.com

The Form 10-K, as filed with the  
Securities and Exchange Commission, 
may be obtained at no cost by any  
shareholder upon written request to  
Astec Industries, Inc.,  
Attention: Investor Relations.

14

ASTEC INDUSTRIES, INC.