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Atlantic American Corp.

aame · NASDAQ Financial Services
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Employees 51-200
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FY2023 Annual Report · Atlantic American Corp.
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 0-3722

ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Georgia
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
4370 Peachtree Road, N.E.,
Atlanta, Georgia
(Address of principal executive offices)

58-1027114
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

30319
(Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) (404) 266-5500
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share

Trading Symbol(s)
AAME

Name of each exchange on which registered
NASDAQ Global Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of
Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an
emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company”
in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒

Smaller reporting company ☒

Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new
or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control
over financial  reporting  under  Section  404(b)  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  (15  U.S.C.  7262(b))  by  the  registered  public  accounting  firm  that  prepared  or
issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the
filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received
by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The  aggregate  market  value  of  common  stock  held  by  non-affiliates  of  the  registrant  as  of  June  30,  2023,  the  last  business  day  of  the  registrant’s  most
recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $7,887,231. For purposes hereof, beneficial ownership is determined under rules adopted pursuant to Section
13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the foregoing excludes value ascribed to common stock that may be deemed beneficially owned by the
directors  and  executive  officers,  and  10%  or  greater  stockholders,  of  the  registrant,  some  of  whom  may  not  be  deemed  to  be  affiliates  upon  judicial
determination. On February 29, 2024, there were 20,402,288 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $1.00 per share, outstanding.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions  of  the  registrant’s  definitive  Proxy  Statement  for  the  2024  Annual  Meeting  of  Shareholders,  to  be  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange
Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year end, have been incorporated by reference in Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Form
10-K.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Forward-Looking Statements

PART I
Item 1.

Business

The Company
Marketing
Underwriting
Policyholder and Claims Services
Reserves
Reinsurance
Competition
Ratings
Regulation
NAIC Ratios
Risk-Based Capital
Investments
Human Capital
Financial Information by Industry Segment
Available Information
Executive Officers of the Registrant

Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Cybersecurity
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Reserved
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary

Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 1C.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.

PART II
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.

PART III
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.

PART IV
Item 15.
Item 16.

Signatures
Schedule II
Schedule III
Schedule IV  
Schedule VI

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain of the statements contained or incorporated by reference herein are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities
laws.  Forward-looking  statements  are  all  statements  other  than  those  of  historical  fact.  These  forward-looking  statements  are  made  pursuant  to  the  safe
harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, and include estimates and assumptions related to, among other things, general economic, competitive, operational and legislative
developments, expectations and trends. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties which are, in many instances, beyond
the Company’s control and have been made based upon management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential
effect upon the Company. There can be no assurance that future developments will be in accordance with management’s expectations or that the effect of
future developments on the Company will be those anticipated by management. Actual results could differ materially from those expressed by forward-
looking  statements,  depending  on  the  occurrence  or  outcome  of  various  factors.  These  factors  include,  among  others:  the  effects  of  macroeconomic
conditions  and  general  economic  uncertainty;  unexpected  developments  in  the  health  care  or  insurance  industries  affecting  providers  or  individuals,
including the cost or availability of services, or the tax consequences related thereto; disruption to the financial markets; unanticipated increases in the rate,
number and amounts of claims outstanding; our ability to remediate the identified material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting; the
level  of  performance  of  reinsurance  companies  under  reinsurance  contracts  and  the  availability,  pricing  and  adequacy  of  reinsurance  to  protect  the
Company against losses; changes in the stock markets, interest rates or other financial markets, including the potential effect on the Company’s statutory
capital levels; the uncertain effect on the Company of regulatory and market-driven changes in practices relating to the payment of incentive compensation
to brokers, agents and other producers; the potential impact of public health emergencies, such as COVID-19; the incidence and severity of catastrophes,
both natural and man-made; the possible occurrence of terrorist attacks; stronger than anticipated competitive activity; unfavorable judicial or legislative
developments;  the  potential  effect  of  regulatory  developments,  including  those  which  could  increase  the  Company’s  business  costs  and  required  capital
levels; the Company’s ability to distribute its products through distribution channels, both current and future; the uncertain effect of emerging claim and
coverage  issues;  the  effect  of  assessments  and  other  surcharges  for  guaranty  funds  and  other  mandatory  pooling  arrangements;  information  technology
system failures or network disruptions; and risks related to cybersecurity matters, such as breaches of our computer network or those of other parties or the
loss of or unauthorized access to the data we maintain. As a result, undue reliance should not be placed upon forward-looking statements, which speak only
as  of  the  date  they  are  made.    The  Company  undertakes  no  obligation  to  publicly  update  any  forward-looking  statements  as  a  result  of  subsequent
developments, changes in underlying assumptions or facts or otherwise, except as may be required by law.

3

Table of Contents

Item 1.

Business

The Company

PART I

Atlantic  American  Corporation,  a  Georgia  corporation  incorporated  in  1968  (the  “Parent”  or  “Company”),  is  a  holding  company  that  operates
through its subsidiaries in well-defined specialty markets within the life and health and property and casualty insurance industries. The Parent’s principal
operating  subsidiaries  are  American  Southern  Insurance  Company  and  American  Safety  Insurance  Company  (together  known  as  “American  Southern”)
within  the  property  and  casualty  insurance  industry  and  Bankers  Fidelity  Life  Insurance  Company,  Bankers  Fidelity  Assurance  Company  and  Atlantic
Capital Life Assurance Company (together known as “Bankers Fidelity”) within the life and health insurance industry. Each of American Southern and
Bankers Fidelity is managed separately based upon the type of products it offers and is evaluated on its individual performance. The Company’s strategy is
to  focus  on  well-defined  geographic,  demographic  and/or  product  niches  within  the  insurance  marketplace.  Each  of  American  Southern  and  Bankers
Fidelity operates with relative autonomy, which structure is designed to allow for quick reaction to market opportunities.

The Parent has no significant business operations of its own and relies on fees, dividends and other distributions from its operating subsidiaries as
the principal source of cash flow to meet its obligations. Additional information regarding the cash flow and liquidity needs of the Parent can be found in
the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Property and Casualty Operations

American Southern comprises the Company’s property and casualty operations and its primary product lines are as follows:

Commercial  Automobile  Insurance  policies  provide  bodily  injury  and/or  property  damage  liability  coverage,  uninsured  motorist  coverage  and

physical damage coverage for commercial accounts.

General Liability Insurance policies cover bodily injury and/or property damage liability for both premises and completed operations exposures

for general classes of business.

Surety Bonds are contracts  under  which  one  party,  the  insurance  company  issuing  the  surety  bond,  guarantees  to  a  third  party  that  the  primary
party will fulfill an obligation in accordance with a contractual agreement. This obligation may involve meeting a contractual commitment, paying a debt or
performing certain duties.

American  Southern  provides  tailored  commercial  automobile  insurance  coverage,  on  a  multi-year  contract  basis,  to  state  governments,  local
municipalities and other large motor pools and fleets (“block  accounts”)  that  can  be  specifically  rated  and  underwritten.  The  size  of  the  block  accounts
insured by American Southern are generally such that individual class experience can be determined, which allows for customized policy terms and rates.
American Southern is licensed to do business in 32 states and the District of Columbia. While the majority of American Southern’s premiums are derived
from  its  automobile  lines  of  business,  American  Southern  also  offers  general  liability  and  other  lines  such  as  inland  marine  coverage.  Additionally,
American Southern directly provides surety bond coverage for subdivision construction, school bus contracts, as well as performance and payment bonds.

The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, the allocation of American Southern’s net earned premiums from each of its principal

product lines:

Automobile liability
Automobile physical damage
General liability
Surety
Other lines
Total

Life and Health Operations

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

  $

  $

(In thousands)
38,821    $
15,046     
5,758     
6,303     
2,515     
68,443    $

33,981 
21,069 
5,871 
6,039 
3,316 
70,276 

Bankers Fidelity comprises the life and health operations of the Company and offers a variety of life and supplemental health products. Products

offered by Bankers Fidelity include ordinary life insurance, Medicare supplement and other accident and health insurance products.

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Table of Contents

Life Insurance products include non-participating, individual and group whole life insurance policies with a variety of riders and options. Policy

premiums are dependent upon a number of factors, including issue age, level of coverage and selected riders or options.

Medicare Supplement Insurance includes 8 of the 10 standardized Medicare supplement policies created under the Medicare Improvements for
Patients  and  Providers  Act  of  2008  (“MIPPA”),  which  are  designed  to  provide  insurance  coverage  for  certain  expenses  not  covered  by  the  Medicare
program, including copayments and deductibles.

Other Accident and Health Insurance coverages include several individual and group policies providing for the payment of standard benefits in
connection with the treatment of diagnosed cancer and other critical illnesses, as well as a number of other policies providing short-term nursing facility
care, accident only, hospital indemnity and disability coverages.

Health insurance products, primarily Medicare supplement insurance, accounted for 83% of Bankers Fidelity’s net earned premiums in 2023 while
life insurance, including both whole and term life insurance policies, accounted for the balance. In terms of the number of policies written in 2023, 63%
were health insurance policies and 37% were life insurance policies.

The  following  table  summarizes,  for  the  periods  indicated,  the  allocation  of  Bankers  Fidelity’s  net  earned  premiums  from  each  of  its  principal

product lines:

Life insurance
Medicare supplement
Other accident and health
Total health insurance

Total

Marketing

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

  $

  $

(In thousands)
18,584    $
77,425     
14,373     
91,798     
110,382    $

15,805 
86,970 
12,389 
99,359 
115,164 

Property and Casualty Operations

A  portion  of  American  Southern’s  business  is  marketed  through  a  small  number  of  specialized,  experienced  independent  agents.  American
Southern’s agent selection process is actively managed by internal marketing personnel with oversight from management. Senior management carefully
reviews all new programs prior to acceptance. American Southern solicits business through multiple channels.  Most of American Southern’s agents are
paid an up-front commission with the potential for additional commissions by participating in a profit sharing arrangement that is directly linked to the
profitability  of  the  underlying  business.  American  Southern  also  solicits  business  from  governmental  entities.  As  an  experienced  writer  of  insurance
policies  for  certain  governmental  programs,  the  company  actively  pursues  this  market  on  a  direct  basis.  Much  of  this  business  is  priced  by  means  of
competitive bid situations. As a result, there can be no assurance with respect to the ultimate profitability or ability of the Company to obtain or retain such
business at the time of a specific contract renewal.

Life and Health Operations

Bankers Fidelity acquires its clientele through three distribution channels spread across 46 different states and two business divisions, all of which
utilize commissioned, independent agents. The three distribution channels include traditional independent agents, brokers typically interested in a specific
product  of  Bankers  Fidelity  and  brokers  who  focus  on  sales  within  the  group/employer  benefits  division,  Atlantic  American  Employee  Benefits,  all  of
which  are  responsible  for  their  own  marketing  and  sales  activities.  Contracting  as  independent  agents  enables  Bankers  Fidelity  to  effectively  expand  or
contract its sales force without incurring significant expense.

Bankers Fidelity had approximately 4,639 licensed agents contracted in both the individual and group divisions as of December 31, 2023. During

2023, approximately 454 of these licensed agents wrote policies on behalf of Bankers Fidelity.

Bankers  Fidelity’s  marketing  and  distribution  strategy  revolves  around  five  pillars:  Diversification,  Differentiation,  Quality,  Retention  and

Profitability.

Diversification. Through unique product offerings such as the Vantage Flex Plus®, a hospital indemnity plan, and Vantage Recovery®, short-term
care product and a group whole life product featuring a chronic illness rider, the Company is able to offer its distributors an array of products to sell that
stand out from the competition. As the Company continues to expand its geographical footprint with agents and products, one of its main objectives is to
have a healthy mix of all of its product lines nationwide.

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Differentiation. Bankers Fidelity prides itself on the quality of customer service it offers to policyholders and agents. A dedicated agent support
team  is  available  to  the  field  to  support  them  on  administration,  underwriting,  sales  training,  product  questions  and  a  plethora  of  other  services  which
differentiates the Company from other carriers. Additionally, a customer loyalty team is available solely to serve insureds for any of their insurance needs.
Bankers  Fidelity  prides  itself  on  being  agile,  which  we  believe  differentiates  us  from  larger  carriers  and  helps  the  Company  to  quickly  execute  senior
management’s initiatives.

Quality.  Bankers  Fidelity  is  focused  on  being  a  niche  carrier  that  delivers  superior  service,  quality  products  and  innovative  solutions.
Sophisticated technology and reporting allows the home office teams to work with the sales force to deliver a tailored experience and phenomenal customer
service.

Retention.  Through  seasonal  campaigns  and  customer  outreach,  the  Company  is  focused  on  client  retention  and  servicing  its  policyholders
through  all  stages  in  their  lives.  By  providing  its  agents  with  an  innovative  product  portfolio,  the  Company  further  promotes  client  retention  by
empowering its agents to continually meet the needs of our policyholders.

Profitability.  In  an  effort  to  be  sustainable  in  the  marketplace  as  a  long-term  partner,  senior  management  is  focused  on  diversification,

differentiation, quality and retention to achieve profitability.

Underwriting

Property and Casualty Operations

American Southern specializes in underwriting various risks that are sufficiently large enough to establish separate class experience, relying upon

the underwriting expertise of its agents.

During the course of the policy life, extensive use is made of risk management representatives to assist commercial underwriters in identifying and
correcting potential loss exposures and to physically inspect new accounts. The underwriting results from each insured are reviewed on an individual basis
periodically.  If  results  are  below  expectations,  management  takes  corrective  action,  which  may  include  adjusting  rates,  revising  underwriting standards,
adjusting commissions paid to agents, and/or altering or declining to renew accounts at expiration.

Life and Health Operations

Bankers  Fidelity  issues  a  variety  of  products  that  span  from  the  group  markets  to  the  individual  markets  for  both  life  and  health  insurance.
Products  offered  by  Bankers  Fidelity  include  life  insurance,  typically  with  small  face  amounts,  Medicare  supplement  and  other  accident  and  health
insurance. Bankers Fidelity also provides an array of group products such as accident, cancer, critical illness, hospital indemnity and life insurance that is
offered to employers who are looking to provide coverage for their employees and have the related premiums deducted through payroll deductions.

The individual products are underwritten on a non-medical basis using a simplified issue approach by which an application containing a variety of
health related questions is submitted. Applications for insurance are reviewed to determine the face amount, age, medical history and any other necessary
information. Bankers Fidelity utilizes information obtained directly from the insured, the medical claims data, prescription utilization reports as well as
telephone interviews to determine whether an applicant meets the Company’s underwriting criteria. Bankers Fidelity may also utilize medical records and
investigative services to supplement and substantiate information, as necessary.

The group products are underwritten and assessed at the group level for financial risk.  The underwriting will utilize several factors to determine

this risk such as the industry, demographics, enrollment strategies, employee access, locations of offices and any regulatory or legislative changes that
could impact the decisions. The spread of risk is also reviewed which analyzes the content of the employees within the group which includes the spread of
gender, ages, salaries and occupations.   This information is used to quote an appropriate benefits package, pricing, waiting periods and rates for the group
entity.

Policyholder and Claims Services

The  Company  believes  that  prompt,  efficient  policyholder  and  claims  services  are  essential  to  its  continued  success  in  marketing  its  insurance
products  (see  “Competition”).  Additionally,  the  Company  believes  that  its  insureds  are  particularly  sensitive  to  claims  processing  time  and  to  the
accessibility of qualified staff to answer inquiries. Accordingly, the Company’s policyholder and claims services seek to offer expeditious disposition of
service  requests  by  providing  toll-free  access  for  all  customers,  24-hour  claim  reporting  services,  and  direct  computer  links  with  some  of  its  largest
accounts. The Company also utilizes an automatic call distribution system designed to ensure that inbound calls to customer service support groups are
processed  efficiently.  Operational  data  generated  from  this  system  allows  management  to  further  refine  ongoing  client  service  programs  and  service
representative training modules.

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Property and Casualty Operations

American Southern controls its claims costs by utilizing an in-house staff of claims supervisors to investigate, verify, negotiate and settle claims.
Upon  notification  of  an  occurrence  purportedly  giving  rise  to  a  claim,  a  claim  file  is  established.  The  claims  department  then  conducts  a  preliminary
investigation,  determines  whether  an  insurable  event  has  occurred  and,  if  so,  updates  the  file  for  the  findings  and  any  required  reserve  adjustments.
Independent adjusters and appraisers are frequently utilized to service claims which require on-site inspections.

Life and Health Operations

The  majority  of  life  and  health  claims  are  filed  electronically  while  insureds  also  have  the  ability  to  download  claims  forms  and  file  directly.
Insureds may also obtain claim forms by calling the customer service group or through Bankers Fidelity’s website.  All of these claims are entered into the
system immediately upon receipt and put into a pending status until the claim can be fully processed.  To shorten claim processing time, a letter detailing all
supporting  documents  that  are  required  to  complete  a  claim  for  a  particular  policy  is  sent  to  the  customer  along  with  the  correct  claim  form.  Properly
documented claims are generally paid within five business days of receipt. With regard to Medicare supplement policies, the claim is either directly billed
to Bankers Fidelity by the provider or sent electronically through a Medicare clearing house.

Reserves

Reserves are set by line of business within each of the subsidiaries. At December 31, 2023, approximately 73% of the losses and claims reserves
related to property and casualty and approximately 27% related to life and health. The Company’s property and casualty operations incur losses which may
take  extended  periods  of  time  to  evaluate  and  settle.  Issues  with  respect  to  legal  liability,  actual  loss  quantification,  legal  discovery  and  ultimate
subrogation,  among  other  factors,  may  influence  the  initial  and  subsequent  estimates  of  loss.  In  the  property  and  casualty  operations,  the  Company’s
general  practice  is  to  reserve  at  the  higher  end  of  the  determined  reasonable  range  of  loss  if  no  other  value  within  the  range  is  determined  to  be  more
probable. The Company’s life and health operations generally incur losses which are more readily quantified. Medical claims received are recorded in case
reserves based on contractual terms using the submitted billings as a basis for determination. Life claims are recorded based on contract value at the time of
notification to the Company; offset by policy reserves related to such contracts previously established. Individual case reserves are established by a claims
processor on each individual claim and are periodically reviewed and adjusted as new information becomes known during the course of handling a claim.
Regular internal periodic reviews are also performed by management to ensure that loss reserves are established and revised timely relative to the receipt of
new or additional information. Lines of business for which loss data (e.g. paid losses and case reserves) emerge over a long period of time are referred to as
long-tail lines of business. Lines of business for which loss data emerge more quickly are referred to as short-tail lines of business. The Company’s long-
tail line of business generally consists of its general liability coverage while the short-tail lines of business generally consist of property and automobile
coverages.

The Company’s actuaries regularly review reserves for both current and prior accident years using the most current claims data. These reviews
incorporate a variety of actuarial methods (discussed in Critical Accounting Policies) and judgments and involve a disciplined analysis. For most lines of
business,  certain  actuarial  methods  and  specific  assumptions  are  deemed  more  appropriate  based  on  the  current  circumstances  affecting  that  line  of
business.  These  selections  incorporate  input  from  claims  personnel  and  operating  management  on  reported  loss  cost  trends  and  other  factors  that  could
affect the reserve estimates.

The  Company  establishes  reserves  for  claims  based  upon:  (a)  management’s  estimate  of  ultimate  liability  and  claims  adjusters’  evaluations  of
unpaid claims reported prior to the close of the accounting period, (b) estimates of incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims based on past experience, and
(c) estimates of losses and loss adjustment expense (“LAE”). The estimated liability is periodically reviewed and updated, and changes to the  estimated
liability are recorded in the statement of operations in the period in which such changes become known.

For long-tail lines of business, the emergence of paid losses and case reserves is less credible in the early periods, and accordingly may not be
indicative of ultimate losses. For these lines, methods which incorporate a development pattern assumption are given less weight in calculating IBNR for
the early periods of loss emergence because such a low percentage of ultimate losses are reported in that time frame. Accordingly, for any given accident
year, the rate at which losses on long-tail lines of business emerge in the early periods is generally not as reliable an indication of ultimate losses as it would
be  for  shorter-tail  lines  of  business.  The  estimation  of  reserves  for  these  lines  of  business  in  the  early  periods  of  loss  emergence  is  therefore  largely
influenced  by  statistical  analyses  and  application  of  prior  accident  years’  loss  ratios,  after  considering  changes  to  earned  pricing,  loss  costs,  mix  of
business, ceded reinsurance and other factors that are expected to affect the estimated ultimate losses. For later periods of loss emergence, methods which
incorporate a development pattern assumption are given more weight in estimating ultimate losses. For short-tail lines of business, the emergence of paid
loss and case reserves is more credible in the early periods and is more likely to be indicative of ultimate losses. The method used to set reserves for these
lines  of  business  is  based  upon  utilization  of  a  historical  development  pattern  for  reported  losses.  IBNR  reserves  for  the  current  year  are  set  as  the
difference between the estimated fully developed ultimate losses for each year, less the established, related case reserves and cumulative related payments.
IBNR reserves for prior accident years are similarly determined, again relying on an indicated, historical development pattern for reported losses.

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Based on the results of regular reserve estimate reviews, the Company determines the appropriate reserve adjustment, if any, to record in each
period. If necessary, recorded reserve estimates are changed after consideration of numerous factors, including, but not limited to, the magnitude of the
difference between the actuarial indication and the recorded reserves, improvement or deterioration of actuarial indication in the period, the maturity of the
accident year, trends observed over the recent past and the level of volatility within a particular line of business. In general, changes are made more quickly
to recognize changes in estimates to ultimate losses in mature accident years and less volatile lines of business.

The Company’s policy is to record reserves for losses and claims in amounts that represent actuarial best estimates of ultimate values. Actuarial
best estimates do not necessarily represent the midpoint value determined using the various actuarial methods; however, such estimates will fall between
the estimated low and high end reserve values. The range of estimates developed in connection with the December 31, 2023 actuarial review indicated that
reserves could be as much as 16.9% lower or as much as 18.3% higher. In the opinion of management, recorded reserves represent the best estimate of
outstanding losses, although significant judgments are made in the derivation of reserve estimates and revisions to such estimates are expected to be made
in future periods. Any such revisions could be material, and may materially adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations in
any future period.

Property and Casualty Operations

American Southern maintains loss reserves representing estimates of amounts necessary for payment of losses and LAE, which are not discounted.
IBNR reserves are also maintained for future development. These loss reserves are estimates, based on known facts and circumstances at a given date, of
amounts  the  Company  expects  to  pay  on  incurred  claims.  All  balances  are  reviewed  periodically  by  the  Company’s  independent  consulting  actuary.
Reserves for LAE are intended to cover the ultimate costs of settling claims, including investigation and defense of any lawsuits resulting from such claims.
Loss reserves for reported claims are based on a case-by-case evaluation of the type of claim involved, the circumstances surrounding the claim, and the
policy provisions relating to the type of loss along with anticipated future development. The LAE for claims reported and claims not reported is based on
historical statistical data and anticipated future development. Inflation and other factors which may affect claim payments are implicitly reflected in the
reserving process through analysis and consideration of cost trends and reviews of historical reserve results.

Estimating case reserves and ultimate losses involves various considerations which differ according to the line of business. In addition, changes in
legislative and regulatory environments may impact loss estimates. General liability claims may have a long pattern of loss emergence. Given the broad
nature of potential general liability coverages, investigative time periods may be extended and questions of coverage may exist. Such uncertainties create
greater  imprecision  in  estimating  required  levels  of  loss  reserves.  The  property  and  automobile  lines  of  business  generally  have  less  variable  reserve
estimates than other lines. This is largely due to the coverages having relatively shorter periods of loss emergence. Estimates, however, can still vary due to
a number of factors, including interpretations of frequency and severity trends. Severity trends can be impacted by changes in internal claim handling and
reserving practices in addition to changes in the external environment. These changes in claim practices increase the uncertainty in the interpretation of
case reserve data, which increases the uncertainty in recorded reserve levels.

Life and Health Operations

Bankers Fidelity establishes reserves for future policy benefits to meet projected obligations under policies that are in force as of the statement
date.  These  reserves  are  calculated  to  satisfy  policy  and  contract  obligations  as  they  are  projected  to  come  due.    Reserves  for  insurance  policies  are
calculated using assumptions for interest rates, mortality rates, disablement rates, benefit utilization rates, and lapse rates. These assumptions vary by the
product type, the year the policy was issued, and certain policyholder demographic information.  Changes in assumptions may be made from one issue year
to another to reflect actual experience.  Actual future experience that deviates significantly from the assumptions, or actual results that differ significantly
from our estimates, could have a materially adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition.

See Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on insurance reserves and policyholder funds.

Reinsurance

The Company’s insurance subsidiaries from time to time purchase reinsurance from unaffiliated insurers and reinsurers to reduce their potential
liability on individual risks and to protect against catastrophic losses. In a reinsurance transaction, an insurance company transfers, or “cedes,” a portion or
all of its exposure on insurance policies to a reinsurer. The reinsurer assumes the exposure in return for a portion of the premiums. The ceding of insurance
does not legally discharge the insurer from primary liability for the full amount of the policies written by it, and the ceding company will incur a loss if the
reinsurer fails to meet its obligations under the reinsurance agreement.

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Property and Casualty Operations

American  Southern’s  basic  reinsurance  treaties  generally  cover  all  claims  in  excess  of  specified  per  occurrence  limitations.  Current  limits  per
occurrence  within  the  reinsurance  treaties  are  as  follows:  Inland  marine  and  commercial  automobile  physical  damage  -  $225,000  excess  of  $125,000
retention;  and  automobile  liability  and  general  liability  -  excess  coverage  of  $2.0  million  less  retentions  that  may  vary  from  $150,000  to  $500,000
depending on the account. American Southern maintains a property catastrophe treaty with a $5.5 million limit excess of $500,000 retention. American
Southern also issues individual surety bonds with face amounts generally up to $1.5 million, and limited to $5.0 million in aggregate per account, that are
not reinsured.

Life and Health Operations

Bankers Fidelity has entered into reinsurance contracts ceding the excess of its life retention. Maximum retention by Bankers Fidelity on any one
individual  life  insurance  policyholder  is  $200,000.  As  of  December  31,  2023,  $8.3  million  of  the  $814.2  million  of  life  insurance  in  force  at  Bankers
Fidelity was reinsured under a combination of coinsurance and yearly renewable term agreements. Certain prior year reinsurance agreements also remain in
force although they no longer provide reinsurance for new business.

Bankers Fidelity has also entered into a reinsurance contract ceding excess new Medicare Supplement business to General Re Life Corporation.
Ceding thresholds are set annually. During 2023, the liability of the reinsurer was 50% of all new Medicare Supplement business issued by the Company on
amounts up to a maximum retention of $15.0 million of annualized premium. Accordingly, $0.8 million of the Company’s $1.5 million of new annualized
Medicare Supplement premium was ceded.

Competition

Competition for insurance products is based on many factors including premiums charged, terms and conditions of coverage, customer service,
financial  ratings  assigned  by  independent  rating  agencies,  claims  handling,  consumer  recognition  and  reputation,  perceived  financial  strength  and  the
experience of the organization in the line of business being written.

Property and Casualty Operations

The businesses in which American Southern engages are highly competitive. The principal areas of competition are pricing and service. Many
competing  property  and  casualty  companies  have  been  in  business  longer  than  American  Southern,  offer  more  diversified  lines  of  insurance  and  have
substantially  greater  financial  resources.  Management  believes,  however,  that  the  policies  it  sells  are  competitive  with  those  providing  similar  benefits
offered by other insurers doing business in the states in which American Southern operates. American Southern strives to develop strong relationships with
its agents and, consequently, believes it is well positioned for new opportunities and programs with those agents.

Life and Health Operations

The life and health insurance business remains highly competitive and includes a large number of insurance companies, many of which are new
entrants to the business of providing Medicare supplement and other accident and health insurance products. Bankers Fidelity has established itself as a
trusted carrier of choice for its customers providing quality and sustainability for over 65 years.

In order to compete, Bankers Fidelity actively seeks opportunities in niche markets, developing long-term relationships with a select number of
independent marketing organizations. Additionally, Bankers Fidelity actively promotes Atlantic American Employee Benefits, the group benefits division,
as  well  as  selective  association  partnerships.  It  competes  with  other  insurers  to  attract  and  retain  the  allegiance  of  its  independent  agents  through
commission  and  sales  incentive  arrangements,  accessibility  and  marketing  assistance,  lead  programs,  reputation  and  market  expertise.  Bankers  Fidelity
successfully competes in its chosen markets by establishing relationships with independent agents and providing proprietary marketing initiatives as well as
providing outstanding service to policyholders.

Ratings

Ratings  are  important  measures  within  the  insurance  industry,  and  higher  ratings  are  expected  to  have  a  favorable  impact  on  the  ability  of  a
company to compete in the marketplace. Ratings of insurance companies are not designed for investors and do not constitute recommendations to buy, sell,
or hold any security.

Each year A.M. Best Company, Inc. (“A.M. Best”) publishes Best’s Insurance Reports, which includes assessments and ratings of all insurance
companies. A.M. Best’s financial strength ratings, which may be revised or revoked at any time, follow a graduated scale of rating categories and notches
ranging from A++ (Superior) to F (in liquidation). A.M. Best’s ratings are based on a detailed analysis of the statutory financial condition and operations of
an insurance company compared to the industry in general.

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American Southern. American Southern Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, American Safety Insurance Company, are each, as

of the date of this report, rated “A” (Excellent) by A.M. Best.

Bankers Fidelity. Bankers Fidelity Life Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Bankers Fidelity Assurance Company, are each, as

of the date of this report, rated “A-” (Excellent) by A.M. Best.

Regulation

Like  all  domestic  insurance  companies,  the  Company’s  insurance  subsidiaries  are  subject  to  regulation  and  supervision  in  the  jurisdictions  in
which they do business. Statutes typically delegate regulatory,  supervisory,  and  administrative  powers  to  state  insurance  commissioners.  The  method  of
such regulation varies, but regulation relates generally to the licensing of insurers and their agents, the nature of and limitations on investments, approval of
policy forms, reserve requirements, the standards of solvency to be met and maintained, deposits of securities for the benefit of policyholders, and periodic
examinations  of  insurers  and  trade  practices,  among  other  things.  The  Company’s  products  generally  are  subject  to  rate  regulation  by  state  insurance
commissions,  which  require  that  certain  minimum  loss  ratios  be  maintained.  Certain  states  also  have  insurance  holding  company  laws  which  require
registration  and  periodic  reporting  by  insurance  companies  controlled  by  other  corporations  licensed  to  transact  business  within  their  respective
jurisdictions. The Company’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to such legislation and are registered as controlled insurers in those jurisdictions in which
such  registration  is  required.  Such  laws  vary  from  state  to  state,  but  typically  require  periodic  disclosure  concerning  the  corporation  which  controls  the
registered insurers and all subsidiaries of such corporations, as well as prior notice to, or approval by, the state insurance commissioners of intercorporate
transfers of assets (including payments of dividends by the insurance subsidiaries in excess of specified amounts) within the holding company system. The
Company believes it is in compliance with all such requirements.

Most states require that rate schedules and other information be filed with the state’s insurance regulatory authority, either directly or through a
ratings organization with which the insurer is affiliated. The regulatory authority may disapprove a rate filing if it determines that the rates are inadequate,
excessive,  or  discriminatory.  The  Company  has  historically  experienced  no  significant  regulatory  resistance  to  its  applications  for  rate  adjustments;
however, the Company cannot provide any assurance that it will not receive any objections to any applications in the future.

A state may require that acceptable securities be deposited for the protection either of policyholders located in those states or of all policyholders.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all such requirements, and securities with an amortized cost of $14.6 million were on
deposit either directly with various state authorities or with third parties pursuant to various custodial agreements on behalf of the Company’s insurance
subsidiaries.

Virtually all of the states in which the Company’s insurance subsidiaries are licensed to transact business require participation in their respective
guaranty funds designed to cover claims against insolvent insurers. Insurers authorized to transact business in these jurisdictions are generally subject to
assessments  of  up  to  4%  of  annual  direct  premiums  written  in  that  jurisdiction  to  pay  such  claims,  if  any.  The  likelihood  and  amount  of  any  future
assessments cannot be estimated until an insolvency has occurred.

NAIC Ratios

The  National  Association  of  Insurance  Commissioners  (the  “NAIC”)  was  established  to,  among  other  things,  provide  guidelines  to  assess  the
financial strength of insurance companies for state regulatory purposes. The NAIC conducts annual reviews of the financial data of insurance companies
primarily  through  the  application  of  financial  ratios  prepared  on  a  statutory  basis.  Annual  statements  are  required  to  be  submitted  to  state  insurance
departments to assist them in monitoring insurance companies in their state and to allow such states to determine a desirable range for each such ratio with
which companies should comply.

The  NAIC  developed  the  Insurance  Regulatory  Information  System  (“IRIS”)  to  help  state  regulators  identify  companies  that  may  require
regulatory attention. Financial examiners review annual financial statements and the results of key financial ratios based on year-end data with the goal of
identifying  insurers  that  appear  to  require  immediate  regulatory  attention.  Each  ratio  has  an  established  “usual  range”  of  results.  A  ratio  result falling
outside the usual range, however, is not necessarily considered adverse; rather, unusual values are used as part of the regulatory early monitoring system.
Furthermore, in some years, it may not be unusual for financially sound companies to have several ratios with results outside the usual ranges. Generally,
an insurance company may become subject to regulatory scrutiny or, depending on the company’s financial condition, regulatory action if certain of its key
IRIS ratios fall outside the usual ranges and the insurer’s financial condition is trending downward.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, Bankers Fidelity Assurance Company had three ratios outside the usual range, primarily as a result of net
loss  for  the  year,  certain  surplus  ratios  and  Non-admitted  Assets  to  Admitted  Assets.  The  net  loss  at  Bankers  Fidelity  Assurance  Company  is  primarily
related to federal income taxes incurred which resulted in a corresponding decrease in surplus levels for the year as well as a growing Deferred Tax Asset
which is a Non-admitted.  Atlantic Capital Life Assurance Company had one ratio outside the normal range, Change in Asset Mix.  The Change in Asset
Mix was the result of Atlantic Capital Life Assurance Company investing its cash and cash equivalents from prior year into bonds.  Bankers Fidelity Life
Insurance  Company,  American  Southern  Insurance  Company  and  American  Safety  Insurance  Company  had  no  IRIS  ratios  outside  the  usual  ranges.
Management does not anticipate regulatory action as a result of the 2023 IRIS ratio results for the insurance subsidiaries.

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Risk-Based Capital

Risk-based capital (“RBC”) is a metric used by ratings agencies and regulators as an early warning tool to identify weakly capitalized companies
for  the  purpose  of  initiating  further  regulatory  action.  The  RBC  calculation  determines  the  amount  of  adjusted  capital  needed  by  a  company  to  avoid
regulatory action. “Authorized Control Level Risk-Based Capital” (“ACL”) is calculated, and if a company’s adjusted capital is 200% or lower than ACL,
it is subject to regulatory action. At December 31, 2023, the Company’s insurance subsidiaries’ RBC levels exceeded the required regulatory levels.

Investments

Investment income represents a significant portion of the Company’s operating and total income. Insurance company investments are subject to
state insurance laws and regulations which limit the concentration and types of investments. The following table provides information on the Company’s
investments as of the dates indicated.

Fixed maturities:

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies and

authorities

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Public utilities
All other corporate bonds
Redeemable preferred stock
Total fixed maturities(1)

Equity securities(2)
Other invested assets(3)
Policy loans(4)
Real estate
Investments in unconsolidated trusts

Total investments

December 31,

2023

2022

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

(Dollars in thousands)

  $

  $

50,059     
8,106     
9,530     
150,319     
205     
218,219     
9,413     
6,381     
1,778     
38     
1,238     
237,067     

21.1%  $
3.4 
4.0 
63.4 
0.1 
92.0 
4.0 
2.8 
0.7 
0.0 
0.5 
100.0%  $

44,412     
9,187     
10,284     
144,623     
223     
208,729     
11,562     
5,386     
1,759     
38     
1,238     
228,712     

19.4%
4.1 
4.5 
63.2 
0.1 
91.3 
5.0 
2.4 
0.8 
0.0 
0.5 
100.0%

(1) Fixed maturities are carried on the balance sheet at estimated fair value. Certain fixed maturities do not have publicly quoted prices, and are carried at
estimated fair value as determined by management. Total amortized cost of fixed maturities was $238.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and $236.8
million as of December 31, 2022.

(2) Equity securities are carried on the balance sheet at estimated fair value. Total cost of equity securities was $4.9 million as of December 31, 2023 and

2022.

(3) Other invested assets are accounted for using the equity method. Total cost of other invested assets was $7.0 million as of December 31, 2023 and $5.6

million as of December 31, 2022.

(4) Policy loans are valued at unpaid principal balances.

Estimated fair values are determined as discussed in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Results of the Company’s investment portfolio for periods shown were as follows:

Average investments(1)
Net investment income
Average yield on investments
Realized investment gains, net

Year Ended December 31,

2022
2023
(Dollars in thousands)

  $

275,995 
10,058 

  $

270,636 
9,932 

3.6%   
70 

3.7%
30 

(1) Calculated as the average of cash and investment balances (at amortized cost) at the beginning of the year and at the end of each of the succeeding four

quarters.

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The  Company  engages  a  global  investment  management  firm  serving  the  insurance  industry  to  manage  the  Company’s  investment  portfolios.
Management’s recent investment strategy has been a continued focus on quality and diversification, while improving the overall risk versus return profile
of the portfolio.

Human Capital

The Company and its subsidiaries employed 155 people at December 31, 2023. Of the 155 people, 154 were full-time.  We believe that our ability
to attract and retain highly motivated and skilled employees with diverse backgrounds and experiences is critical to our continued success.  We also believe
the structure of our compensation program is aligned with the interests of our shareholders and serves to reward the performance of our employees.  We
monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of our human capital management efforts by seeking formal and informal feedback from our employees, including
periodic surveys to obtain opinions on key topics.

We  sponsor  health  and  wellness  programs  in  an  effort  to  promote  a  healthier  employee  base.    We  also  offer  competitive  health  and  wellbeing
benefits to include health, dental, vision, health and flexible savings accounts, disability, life, supplemental and telemedicine.  An Employee Assistance
Program (“EAP”) is provided to all full-time employees and their family members at no cost.  The EAP offers confidential telephonic counseling, referral
services, legal and financial services and additional tools that offer support and solutions.   Additionally, we offer a 401(k) retirement savings plan with an
employer match as well as an annual Safe Harbor Non-Elective contribution.

We strive to provide a work environment that encourages work/life balance.  Options depend on job responsibilities and may include flexible work

schedules, paid time off, paid holidays and part-time employment.

We offer tuition reimbursement along with budgeted professional development opportunities in order to foster professional growth and to increase

skillsets.

Financial Information by Industry Segment

American  Southern  and  Bankers  Fidelity  each  operate  with  relative  autonomy  and  each  company  is  evaluated  on  its  individual  performance.
American Southern operates in the property and casualty insurance market, while Bankers Fidelity operates in the life and health insurance market. Each
segment derives revenue from the collection of premiums, as well as from investment income. Substantially all revenue other than that in the corporate and
other segment is from external sources. For more information on segments, see Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Available Information

The Company files annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, amendments to those reports and
other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy
and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including the Company. In addition, as soon as
reasonably practicable after such materials are filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Company, the Company makes copies available to the public, free
of  charge,  on  or  through  its  web  site  at  www.atlam.com.  Neither  the  Company’s  website,  nor  the  information  appearing  on  the  website,  is  included,
incorporated into, or a part of, this report.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

The table and information below set forth, for each current executive officer of the Company, his name, age (as of March 1, 2024), positions with

the Company and business experience for the past five years, as well as any prior service to the Company.

Name
Hilton H. Howell, Jr.
J. Ross Franklin

Age
61
46

Positions with the Company

  Chairman of the Board, President & CEO
  Vice President, CFO and Corporate Secretary

Director or Officer Since
1992
2017

Officers are elected annually and serve at the discretion of the board of directors.

Mr. Howell has been President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company since May 1995, and prior thereto served as Executive Vice President
of the Company from October 1992 to May 1995. He has been a Director of the Company since October 1992 and effective February 24, 2009,  began
serving as Chairman of the board of directors. He is also Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Gray Television, Inc.

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Mr. Franklin has been Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary of the Company since November 2017, and prior thereto
served  as  Interim  Chief  Financial  Officer  from  August  2017  to  November  2017.  Since  2000  he  has  held  various  roles  of  increasing  responsibility with
Atlantic American and its subsidiaries, previously serving as Vice President, Accounting and Treasurer of Bankers Fidelity since 2009.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

As  a  smaller  reporting  company  as  defined  by  Rule  12b-2  of  the  Exchange  Act  and  in  Item  10(f)(1)  of  Regulation  S-K  (a  “smaller  reporting
company”), we have elected to comply with certain scaled disclosure reporting obligations, and therefore are not providing the information required by this
Item.

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 1C.

Cybersecurity

Risk Management and Strategy

The Company’s operations rely on the secure processing, storage, and transmission of confidential and personal identifiable information within
various technology platforms. Cybersecurity is a high priority and the Company has made significant investments in its processes and programs designed to
prevent, detect, and respond to and recover from cybersecurity threats. We also have processes in place to help ensure compliance with our information
security  program  with  respect  to  our  use  of  third-party  service  providers.    Such  processes  and  programs  are  a  part  of  the  Company’s  overall  risk
management and compliance programs. The Company continues to enhance its intrusion protection and detection technology, infrastructure and application
firewalls, and network monitoring. The Company has also installed advanced endpoint threat protection technology and implemented a mandatory security
awareness training program for all employees.  This training is reinforced through periodic simulated phishing tests to assess our employees’ responses to
suspicious emails.

The Company uses a sophisticated backup and recovery methodology that supports the replication of data across multiple secure data centers. It
also includes a comprehensive disaster recovery plan that is continually tested and designed to help enable us to resume business in the event of a disaster
or cybersecurity incident. Through recurring internal and external audits, controls are regularly reviewed, tested, and enhanced to promote best practices.
The Company has augmented our information security program through a partnership with a leading global cybersecurity service provider to review and
implement  additional  services  such  as  Security  Event  Monitoring,  Advanced  Endpoint  Threat  Detection,  Incident  Management  Retainer  Services,  and
Strategic Advisory Services focused on Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) duties such as counter-threat intelligence.

Our  information  security  program  also  includes  a  cybersecurity  Incident  Response  Plan  (“IRP”)  that  is  designed  to  help  protect  the  integrity,
availability and confidentiality of information, prevent loss of service, and comply with legal requirements. The IRP specifies the process for identifying
and reporting an incident, initial investigation, risk classification, documentation and communication of incidents, responder procedures, incident reporting,
and ongoing training. The IRP also includes processes for determining the materiality of the incident, including the assessment of relevant qualitative and
quantitative factors. In the event we identify a potential cybersecurity, privacy or other data security issue, we have defined procedures for responding to
such issues, including procedures that address when and how to engage with Company management, our board of directors, third-party advisors and other
stakeholders.

The Company also maintains dedicated cyber liability insurance for breach event costs including: post breach event remediation costs; cybercrime
coverage (including financial fraud, telecommunications fraud, and phishing attacks); and coverage for system failure, bricking loss, and physical damage.
The policy also provides coverage for lost revenue due to a damaged reputation from a cyber breach.

We do not believe any risks from cybersecurity threats have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company or our

business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.

Governance

Our board of directors recognizes the important role of information security and mitigating cybersecurity and other data security threats. Although
our full board of directors maintains ultimate responsibility with respect to risk management oversight, our board has delegated oversight of the Company’s
information security program and matters of cybersecurity to the Audit Committee of the board of directors. The Company’s senior officers, including its
Chief Information Officer, are responsible for the operation of the information security program and regularly communicate with the Audit Committee on
the state of the program, risks faced by the Company and the Company’s risk mitigation efforts related thereto.

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In addition, the Company’s information technology environment is managed by an experienced team of professionals who follow an extensive set
of  policies  and  procedures  related  to  data  security.  Our  data  security  employees  have  backgrounds  in  cybersecurity  and  data  protection,  including  prior
relevant experience in the industry and industry standard certifications.

Item 2.

Properties

Leased Properties. The Company leases space for its principal offices and for some of its insurance operations in an office building located in
Atlanta, Georgia under a lease which continues until either party provides written notice of cancellation at least twelve months in advance of the actual
termination date. The lease, which commenced on November 1, 2007, provides for rent adjustments on every fifth anniversary of the commencement date.
Under the current terms of the lease, the Company occupies approximately 49,586 square feet of office space. In December 2022, Delta Life Insurance
Company, the owner of the building, transferred title to the building to 4370 Peachtree LLC. Each of Delta Life Insurance Company and 4370 Peachtree
LLC is controlled by an affiliate of the Company.

American Southern leases space for its office in a building located in Atlanta, Georgia. The lease term expires September 30, 2026. Under the

terms of the lease, American Southern occupies approximately 17,014 square feet.

The Company believes that its current properties are in good condition, and are sufficient for the operations of its business.

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

From  time  to  time,  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  are,  and  expect  to  continue  to  be,  involved  in  various  claims  and  lawsuits  arising  in  the
ordinary course of business, both as a liability insurer defending third-party claims brought against insureds and as an insurer defending coverage claims
brought against it, and in various regulatory proceedings in the states in which we do business. The Company accounts for such exposures through the
establishment of loss and loss adjustment expense reserves and accrued expenses. We currently do not expect that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect
to such ordinary-course claims litigation or regulatory proceedings, after consideration of provisions made for probable losses and costs of defense, will be
material to the Company’s consolidated financial condition, although the results of such matters could be material to the consolidated results of operations
for any given period.

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The Company’s common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market (Symbol: AAME). As of March 13, 2024, there were 1,286 shareholders of

record.

On April 1, 2024, the Company announced that the board of directors declared an annual cash dividend of $0.02 per share of common stock that is
payable  to  shareholders  of  record  at  the  close  of  business  on  April  12,  2024.  On  August  8,  2023,  the  Company  announced  that  the  board  of  directors
declared an annual cash dividend of $0.02 per share, which was paid on September 12, 2023 to shareholders of record as of August 22, 2023.

The  declaration  and  payment  of  any  future  dividends  will  be  at  the  discretion  of  the  Company’s  board  of  directors  and  will  depend  upon the
financial condition, capital requirements, and earnings of the Company, as well as any restrictions contained in any agreements by which the Company is
bound and other factors as the board of directors may deem relevant. The Company’s primary recurring source of cash for the payment of dividends is
dividends  from  its  subsidiaries;  although  as  of  December  31,  2023,  the  Parent  held  unrestricted  cash  and  investment  balances  of  approximately  $4.7
million.  Under  the  insurance  code  of  the  state  in  which  each  insurance  subsidiary  is  domiciled,  dividend  payments  to  the  Parent  by  its  insurance
subsidiaries are subject to certain limitations, including prior notice to, or approval by, the state insurance commissioners if such dividends are in excess of
specified amounts.  In 2024, dividend payments to the Parent by the insurance subsidiaries in excess of $8.8 million would require prior approval.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On  October  31,  2016,  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Company  approved  a  plan  that  allows  for  the  repurchase  of  up  to  750,000  shares  of  the
Company's common stock (the "Repurchase Plan") on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, as determined by an authorized officer of the
Company. Any such repurchases can be made from time to time in accordance with applicable securities laws and other requirements.

Other than pursuant to the Repurchase Plan, no purchases of common stock of the Company were made by or on behalf of the Company during

the periods described below.

The table below sets forth information regarding repurchases by the Company of shares of its common stock on a monthly basis during the three

month period ended December 31, 2023.

Period
October 1 – October 31, 2023
November 1 – November 30, 2023
December 1 – December 31, 2023

Total

Stock Performance Graph

Total
Number
of Shares
Purchased    

Average
Price Paid
per Share    

Total
Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs    

—    $
—     
—     
—    $

—     
—     
—     
—     

Maximum
Number of Shares
that May Yet be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs  
325,129 
325,129 
325,129 

—     
—     
—     
—     

As a smaller reporting company, we have elected to comply with certain scaled disclosure reporting obligations, and therefore are not providing

the information required by this Item.

Item 6.

Reserved

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Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The  following  is  management’s  discussion  and  analysis  of  the  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  of  Atlantic  American  Corporation
(“Atlantic American” or the “Parent”) and its subsidiaries (collectively with the Parent, the “Company”) for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere herein.

Atlantic  American  is  an  insurance  holding  company  whose  operations  are  conducted  primarily  through  its  insurance  subsidiaries:  American
Southern Insurance Company and American Safety Insurance Company (together known as “American Southern”) in the property and casualty insurance
industry,  and  Bankers  Fidelity  Life  Insurance  Company,  Bankers  Fidelity  Assurance  Company  and  Atlantic  Capital  Life  Assurance  Company  (together
known as “Bankers  Fidelity”)  in  the  life  and  health  insurance  industry.  Each  operating  company  is  managed  separately,  offers  different  products  and  is
evaluated on its individual performance.

Critical Accounting Policies

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America  (“GAAP”)  and,  in  management’s  belief,  conform  to  general  practices  within  the  insurance  industry.  The  following  is  an  explanation  of  the
Company’s  accounting  policies  and  the  resultant  estimates  considered  most  significant  by  management.  These  accounting  policies  inherently  require
significant judgment and assumptions and actual operating results could differ significantly from management’s estimates determined using these policies.
Atlantic American does not expect that changes in the estimates determined using these policies will have a material effect on the Company’s financial
condition or liquidity, although changes could have a material effect on its consolidated results of operations.

Cash and investments comprised 70% of the Company’s total assets at December 31, 2023. Substantially all of the Company’s investments are in
bonds and common and preferred stocks, the values of which are subject to significant market fluctuations. The Company carries all fixed maturities, which
includes bonds and redeemable preferred stocks, as available for sale, and equity securities, which includes common and non-redeemable preferred stocks,
at their estimated fair values.

Prior to January 1, 2023, the Company applied other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”) guidance for securities in an unrealized loss position.
An OTTI was recognized in earnings within realized investment gains (losses) when it was anticipated that the amortized cost would not be recovered.
When either: (i) the Company had the intent to sell the security, or (ii) it was more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the security
before recovery, the reduction of amortized cost and the OTTI recognized in earnings was the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost and
estimated  fair  value.  If  neither  of  these  conditions  existed,  the  difference  between  the  amortized  cost  of  the  security  and  the  present  value  of  projected
future cash flows expected to be collected was recognized as a reduction of amortized cost and an OTTI in earnings. If the estimated fair value was less
than the present value of projected future cash flows expected to be collected, this portion of the decline in value related to other-than-credit factors was
recorded in OCI.

On  January  1,  2023,  the  Company  adopted  accounting  standards  update  (“ASU”)  2016-13,  Financial  Instruments-Credit  Losses  (Topic  326)
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), using a modified retrospective approach. Under ASU 2016-13, for securities in
an unrealized loss position, a credit loss is recognized in earnings within realized investment gains (losses) when it is anticipated that the amortized cost
will not be recovered. When either: (i) the Company has the intent to sell the security; or (ii) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to
sell  the  security  before  recovery,  the  reduction  of  amortized  cost  and  the  loss  recognized  in  earnings  is  the  entire  difference  between  the  security’s
amortized cost and estimated fair value. If neither of these conditions exists, the difference between the amortized cost of the security and the present value
of projected future cash flows expected to be collected is recognized as a credit loss by establishing an ACL with a corresponding charge to earnings in
realized investment gains (losses). However, the ACL is limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost. This limitation is known as
the “fair value floor.” If the estimated fair value is less than the present value of projected future cash flows expected to be collected, this portion of the
decline in value related to other-than-credit factors (“noncredit loss”) is recorded in OCI.

The Company determines the fair values of certain financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established in Accounting Standards
Codification (“ASC”) 820-10-20, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820-10-20”). The fair values of fixed maturities and equity securities
are  largely  determined  by  nationally  quoted  market  prices,  when  available,  or  independent  broker  quotations.  See  Note  2  and  Note  3  of  Notes  to
Consolidated Financial Statements with respect to assets and liabilities carried at fair value and information about the inputs used to value those financial
instruments, by hierarchy level, in accordance with ASC 820-10-20.

Future policy benefits comprised 34% of the Company’s total liabilities at December 31, 2023. These liabilities relate primarily to life insurance
products and are based upon assumed future investment yields, mortality rates, and lapse rates after giving effect to possible risks of adverse deviation. The
assumed  mortality  and  lapse  rates  are  based  upon  the  Company’s  experience  modified  as  necessary  to  reflect  anticipated  trends  and  are  generally
established  at  contract  inception.  If  actual  results  differ  from  the  initial  assumptions,  the  amount  of  the  Company’s  recorded  liability  could  require
adjustment.

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Unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  comprised  32%  of  the  Company’s  total  liabilities  at  December  31,  2023.  This  liability  includes
estimates for: (1) unpaid losses on claims reported prior to December 31, 2023, (2) future development on those reported claims, (3) unpaid ultimate losses
on claims incurred prior to December 31, 2023 but not yet reported and (4) unpaid loss adjustment expenses for reported and unreported claims incurred
prior to December 31, 2023. Quantification of loss estimates for each of these components involves a significant degree of judgment and estimates may
vary, materially, from period to period. Estimated unpaid losses on reported claims are developed based on historical experience with similar claims by the
Company. Development on reported claims, estimates of unpaid ultimate losses on claims incurred prior to December 31, 2023 but not yet reported, and
estimates of unpaid loss adjustment expenses are developed based on the Company’s historical experience, using actuarial methods to assist in the analysis.
The Company’s actuaries develop ranges of estimated development on reported and unreported claims as well as loss adjustment expenses using various
methods,  including  the  paid-loss  development  method,  the  reported-loss  development  method,  the  paid  Bornhuetter-Ferguson  method  and  the  reported
Bornhuetter-Ferguson method. Any single method used to estimate ultimate losses has inherent advantages and disadvantages due to the trends and changes
affecting the business environment and the Company’s administrative policies. Further, external factors, such as legislative changes, medical cost inflation,
and others may directly or indirectly impact the relative adequacy of liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses. The Company’s approach is
to select an estimate of ultimate losses based on comparing results of a variety of reserving methods, as opposed to total reliance on any single method.
Unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  are  reviewed  periodically  for  significant  lines  of  business,  and  when  current  results  differ  from  the  original
assumptions used to develop such estimates, the amount of the Company’s recorded liability for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses is adjusted. In
the  event  the  Company’s  actual  reported  losses  in  any  period  are  materially  in  excess  of  the  previously  estimated  amounts,  such  losses,  to  the  extent
reinsurance coverage does not exist, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.

Receivables are amounts due from reinsurers, insureds and agents, and any sales of investment securities not yet settled, and comprised 12% of the
Company’s total assets at December 31, 2023. Insured and agent balances are evaluated periodically for collectibility. Annually, the Company performs an
analysis  of  the  creditworthiness  of  the  reinsurers  with  whom  the  Company  contracts  using  various  data  sources.  Failure  of  reinsurers  to  meet  their
obligations  due  to  insolvencies,  disputes  or  otherwise  could  result  in  uncollectible  amounts  and  losses  to  the  Company.  Allowances  for  uncollectible
amounts are established, as and when a loss has been determined probable, against the related receivable. Losses are recognized by the Company when
determined on a specific account basis and a general provision for loss is made based on the Company’s historical experience.

Deferred  acquisition  costs comprised  12%  of  the  Company’s  total  assets  at  December  31,  2023.  Deferred  acquisition  costs  are  commissions,
premium taxes, and other incremental direct costs of contract acquisition that results directly from and are essential to the contract transaction(s) and would
not have been incurred by the Company had the contract transaction(s) not occurred. The deferred amounts are recorded as an asset on the balance sheet
and  amortized  to  expense  in  a  systematic  manner.  Traditional  life  insurance  and  long-duration  health  insurance  deferred  policy  acquisition  costs  are
amortized over the estimated premium-paying period of the related policies using assumptions consistent with those used in computing the related liability
for  policy  benefit  reserves.  Deferred  acquisition  costs  for  property  and  casualty  insurance  and  short-duration  health  insurance  are  amortized  over  the
effective period of the related insurance policies. Deferred policy acquisition costs are expensed when such costs are deemed not to be recoverable from
future premiums (for traditional life and long-duration health insurance) and from the related unearned premiums and investment income (for property and
casualty and short-duration health insurance). Assessments of recoverability for property and casualty and short-duration health insurance are extremely
sensitive to the estimates of a subsequent year’s projected losses related to the unearned premiums. Projected loss estimates for a current block of business
for which unearned premiums remain to be earned may vary significantly from the indicated losses incurred in any previous calendar year.

Deferred income taxes reflect the effect of temporary differences between assets and liabilities that are recognized for financial reporting purposes
and  the  amounts  that  are  recognized  for  tax  purposes.  These  deferred  income  taxes  are  measured  by  applying  currently  enacted  tax  laws  and  rates.
Valuation  allowances  are  recognized  to  reduce  the  deferred  tax  asset  to  the  amount  that  is  deemed  more  likely  than  not  to  be  realized.  In  assessing  the
likelihood of realization, management considers estimates of future taxable income and tax planning strategies.

Share-based  transactions  include  employee  and  director  share-based  compensation  awards.  The  Company  determines  a  grant  date  fair  value
based on the price of our publicly-traded common stock and recognize the related compensation expense, adjusted for actual forfeitures, in the consolidated
statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. For non-employee share-based compensation awards,
the Company recognizes the impact during the period of performance, and the fair value of the award is measured as of the date performance is complete,
which is the vesting date.

Refer to Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details regarding the Company’s significant accounting policies.

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Overall Corporate Results

Revenue
Property and Casualty:
American Southern

Life and Health:

Bankers Fidelity
Corporate and Other
Total revenue

Income (loss) before income taxes
Property and Casualty:
American Southern

Life and Health:

Bankers Fidelity
Corporate and Other
Income (loss) before income taxes

Net income (loss)

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

(In thousands)

  $

72,846    $

73,949 

114,199     
(252)    
186,793    $

114,015 
(113)
187,851 

5,085    $

6,613 

4,722     
(10,372)    
(565)   $

(171)   $

3,812 
(8,329)
2,096 

1,525 

  $

  $

  $

  $

Management also considers and evaluates performance by analyzing the non-GAAP measure operating income or loss, and believes it is a useful
metric for investors, potential investors, securities analysts and others because it isolates the “core” operating results of the Company before considering
certain  items  that  are  either  beyond  the  control  of  management  (such  as  income  tax  expense,  which  is  subject  to  timing,  regulatory  and  rate  changes
depending on the timing of the associated revenues and expenses) or are not expected to regularly impact the Company’s operational results (such as any
realized  or  unrealized  investment  gains  or  losses,  which  are  not  a  part  of  the  Company’s  primary  operations  and  are,  to  a  limited  extent,  subject  to
discretion in terms of timing of realization).

A reconciliation of net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to operating income is as follows:

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measure

Net income (loss)
Income tax expense (benefit)
Realized investment gains, net
Unrealized losses on equity securities, net
Non-GAAP operating income

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

(In thousands)

 $

 $

(171)  $
(394)   
(70)   

2,177 
1,542 

 $

1,525 
571 
(30)
7,562 
9,628 

On a consolidated basis, the Company had net loss of $0.2 million, or $0.03 per diluted share, in 2023, compared to net income of $1.5 million, or
$0.06 per diluted share, in 2022. The decrease in  net  income  was  primarily  due  to  a  decrease  in  earned  premiums,  as  well  as  an  increase  in  losses  and
expenses as a percentage of premiums.  Also contributing to the decrease in net income is an increase in debt service costs due to rising interest  rates. 
Partially offsetting this decrease was a decline in unrealized losses on equity securities.

Total revenue was $186.8 million in 2023 as compared to $187.9 million in 2022. Premium revenue decreased to $178.8 million in 2023 from
$185.4 million in 2022. The decrease in premium revenue was primarily attributable to a decrease in Medicare supplement insurance premiums within the
life and health operations.  Also contributing to the decrease in premium revenue was a decrease in earned premiums in the automobile physical damage
line of business due to a reduction in the number of programs.  Partially offsetting the decrease in premium revenue was an increase in earned premiums in
the automobile liability line of business due mainly to rate increases and a retrospective premium adjustment in a governmental program.

Operating income was $1.5 million in 2023 as compared to $9.6 million in 2022. The decrease in operating income was primarily due to a decline
in premium revenue and an increase in losses and expenses as a percentage of premiums, as discussed above.  Partially offsetting the decline in operating
income  was  more  favorable  loss  experience  in  the  life  and  health  operations,  resulting  from  improved  rate  adequacy  and  a  decrease  in  the  number of
incurred claims within the Medicare supplement line of business.

A more detailed analysis of the operating companies and other corporate activities follows.

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American Southern

UNDERWRITING RESULTS

The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, American Southern’s premiums, losses, expenses and underwriting ratios:

Gross written premiums
Ceded premiums

Net written premiums

Net earned premiums
Insurance benefits and losses incurred
Commissions and underwriting expenses

Underwriting income

Loss ratio
Expense ratio

Combined ratio

  $

  $

  $

  $

Year Ended December 31,

2023
2022
(Dollars in thousands)

77,567 
  $
(5,902)    
  $
71,665 

68,443 
51,015 
16,746 
682 

  $

  $

74.5%   
24.5 
99.0%   

79,218 
(6,547)
72,671 

70,276 
47,175 
20,161 
2,940 

67.1%
28.7 
95.8%

Gross written premiums at American Southern decreased $1.7 million, or 2.1%, during 2023 as compared to 2022. The decrease in gross written
premiums  was  primarily  attributable  to  the  decrease  in  premiums  written  in  the  automobile  physical  damage  line  of  business  due  to  a  reduction  in  the
number  of  agencies.  Partially  offsetting  the  decrease  in  gross  written  premiums  was  an  increase  in  premiums  written  in  the  automobile  liability  line  of
business resulting from new business, rate increases, and retrospective premium adjustments.

Ceded  premiums  decreased  $0.6  million,  or  9.9%,  during  2023  as  compared  to  2022.  American  Southern’s  ceded  premiums  are  typically
determined  as  a  percentage  of  earned  premiums  and  generally  increase  or  decrease  as  earned  premiums  increase  or  decrease.    The  decrease  in  ceded
premiums was primarily attributable to the decrease in earned premiums in the automobile physical damage line of business, as well as decreased ceding
rates due to increased retention.

The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, American Southern’s net earned premiums by line of business:

Automobile liability
Automobile physical damage
General liability
Surety
Other lines
Total

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

  $

  $

(In thousands)
38,821    $
15,046     
5,758     
6,303     
2,515     
68,443    $

33,981 
21,069 
5,871 
6,039 
3,316 
70,276 

Net earned premiums decreased $1.8 million, or 2.6%, during 2023 as compared to 2022. The decrease in net earned premiums was primarily
attributable to a decrease in earned premiums in the automobile physical damage line of business due to a reduction in the number of agencies as previously
mentioned.  Also  contributing  to  the  decrease  was  a  decline  in  earned  premiums  in  the  inland  marine  line  of  business  resulting  from  reduced  cargo
production. Partially offsetting the decrease in net earned premiums was an increase in earned premiums in the automobile liability line of business due
mainly  to  rate  increases  and  a  retrospective  premium  adjustment  in  a  governmental  program.  Premiums  are  earned  ratably  over  their  respective  policy
terms and therefore premiums earned in the current year are related to policies written during both the current year and immediately preceding year.

The  performance  of  a  property  and  casualty  insurance  company  is  often  measured  by  its  combined  ratio.  The  combined  ratio  represents  the
percentage of losses, loss adjustment expenses and other expenses that are incurred for each dollar of premium earned by the company. A combined ratio of
under 100% represents an underwriting profit while a combined ratio of over 100% indicates an underwriting loss. The combined ratio is divided into two
components,  the  loss  ratio  (the  ratio  of  losses  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  incurred  to  premiums  earned)  and  the  expense  ratio  (the  ratio  of  expenses
incurred to premiums earned).

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Insurance  benefits  incurred  at  American  Southern  increased  $3.8  million,  or  8.1%,  during  2023  as  compared  to  2022.  As  a  percentage  of
premiums, insurance benefits and losses incurred were 74.5% in  2023  as  compared  to  67.1%  in  2022.  The  increase  in  the  loss  ratio  was  mainly  due  to
overall inflation on claims and increased severity of losses reported from certain governmental programs within the automobile liability line of business.
Also contributing to the increase in the loss ratio were increased losses in the general liability line of business from artisan contractor business. Partially
offsetting the increase in the loss ratio was a decrease in losses related to the automobile physical damage line of business due to a decrease in exposure.

Commissions and underwriting expenses decreased $3.4 million, or 16.9%, during 2023 as compared to 2022. As a percentage of premiums, these
expenses were 24.5% in 2023 as compared to 28.7% in 2022. The decrease in the expense ratio was primarily due to the decrease in fixed and variable
commissions.  Fixed commissions decreased as a result of the decline in written premiums during 2023.  Also contributing to the decrease in expense ratio
was American Southern’s use of a variable commission structure with certain agents, which compensates the participating agents in relation to the loss
ratios of the business they write. During periods in which the loss ratio decreases, commissions  and  underwriting  expenses  will  generally  increase,  and
conversely,  during  periods  in  which  the  loss  ratio  increases,  commissions  and  underwriting  expenses  will  generally  decrease.    In  2023,  variable
commissions at American Southern decreased $1.4 million as compared to 2022 due to an increase in loss ratios from certain accounts subject to variable
commissions.

Bankers Fidelity

The following summarizes, for the periods indicated, Bankers Fidelity’s premiums, losses and expenses:

Year Ended December 31,

2023
2022
(Dollars in thousands)

Medicare supplement
Other health products
Life insurance

Gross earned premiums
Ceded premiums

Net earned premiums

Insurance benefits and losses incurred
Commissions and underwriting expenses

Total expenses

Underwriting income

Loss ratio
Expense ratio

Combined ratio

  $

  $

  $

133,343 
14,373 
18,659 
166,375 
(55,993)    
110,382 
71,485 
37,992 
109,477 
905 

  $

64.8%   
34.4 
99.2%   

148,747 
12,389 
15,867 
177,003 
(61,839)
115,164 
76,281 
33,922 
110,203 
4,961 

66.2%
29.5 
95.7%

Net earned premium revenue at Bankers Fidelity decreased $4.8 million, or 4.2%, during 2023 as compared to 2022. Gross earned premiums from
the Medicare supplement line of business decreased $15.4 million, or 10.4 %, in 2023 as compared to 2022, due primarily to non-renewals exceeding the
level  of  new  business  writings  as  the  existing  block  of  business  has  incurred  rate  increases.  Other  health  product  premiums  increased  $2.0  million,  or
16.0%, during 2023 as compared to 2022, primarily as a result of new sales of the company’s group health and individual cancer products. Gross earned
premiums  from  the  life  insurance  line  of  business  increased  $2.8  million,  or  17.6%,  in  2023  from  2022  due  to  an  increase  in  the  group  life  product
premiums. Partially offsetting this increase was a decrease in individual life products premium, resulting from the redemption and settlement of existing
individual life policy obligations exceeding the level of new individual life sales. Premiums ceded decreased $5.8 million, or 9.5%, in 2023 from 2022. The
decrease in ceded premiums was due to a decrease in Medicare supplement premiums subject to reinsurance.

Insurance benefits and losses incurred decreased $4.8 million, or 6.3%, during 2023 as compared to 2022. As a percentage of premiums, benefits
and losses were 64.8% in 2023 as compared to 66.2% in 2022. The decrease in the loss ratio was primarily due to improved rate adequacy and a decrease in
the number of incurred claims within the Medicare supplement line of business. Also contributing to the decrease in loss ratio was an improvement in the
other health lines profitability.  These decreases were offset by higher incurred claims on our life lines of business.

Commissions  and  underwriting  expenses  increased  $4.1  million,  or  12.0%,  during  2023  as  compared  to  2022.  As  a  percentage  of  earned
premiums,  these  expenses  were  34.4%  in  2023  as  compared  to  29.5%  in  2022.  The  increase  in  the  expense  ratio  was  primarily  due  to  an  increase  in
administrative costs related to growth in the group and individual health lines of business, coupled with increased Medicare supplement servicing costs.

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Net Investment Income and Realized Gains

Investment income increased $0.1 million, or 1.3%, in 2023 as compared to 2022.  The increase in investment income was primarily attributable
to  an  increase  in  investment  income  related  to  fixed  maturities  and  equity  securities.    Partially  offsetting  this  increase  was  a  decrease  in  the  equity  in
earnings from investments in the Company's limited partnerships and limited liability companies of $0.6 million.

The Company had net realized investment gains of $0.1 million in 2023 as compared to net realized investment gains of $0.03 million in 2022.
The  net  realized  investment  gains  in  2023  and  2022  were  primarily  attributable  to  gains  from  the  sale  of  fixed  maturities.  Management  continually
evaluates  the  Company’s  investment  portfolio  and,  as  may  be  determined  to  be  appropriate,  makes  adjustments  for  impairments  and/or  will  divest
investments. See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Unrealized Losses on Equity Securities, Net

Investments in equity securities are measured at fair value at the end of the reporting period, with any changes in fair value reported in net income
during the period. The Company recognized net unrealized losses on equity securities of $2.2 million and $7.6 million during the years ended December
2023 and 2022, respectively. Changes in unrealized gains on equity securities for the applicable periods are primarily the result of fluctuations in the market
value of certain of the Company’s equity securities.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $1.3 million, or 67.5%, in 2023 as compared to 2022. Changes in interest expense were primarily due to changes in the
Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) published  by  CME  Group  Benchmark  Administration  Limited  (“CME”),  as  the  interest  rates  on  the
Company’s outstanding junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (“Junior Subordinated Debentures”) and the revolving credit facility are directly
related to SOFR. As expected, discontinuation of London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) occurred on June 30, 2023 and affected the rates used in the
Company’s credit arrangements after that date. The U.S. Congress enacted the Adjustable Interest Rate LIBOR Act (the "LIBOR Act") to address LIBOR’s
cessation and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System issued regulations, 12 C.F.R. Part 253, “Regulations Implementing the Adjustable
Interest Rate LIBOR Act (Regulation ZZ),” which relate to the LIBOR transition.

Income Taxes

The primary difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate for 2023 resulted from the adjustment for prior
years’ estimates to actual of $0.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2023, which included the return to provision adjustment that is generally updated
at  the  completion  of  the  third  quarter  of  each  fiscal  year  and  an  adjustment  for  partnership  valuation.  Also  contributing  to  the  differences  between  the
effective tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate was a permanent difference related to meals and entertainment.

The primary differences between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate for 2022 resulted from a permanent difference
related to penalties and fines incurred of $0.1 million.  Also contributing to differences between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory income tax
rate were the adjustment for prior years’ estimates to actual that are generally updated at the completion of the third quarter of each fiscal year and were
$0.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2022. Other contributing factors to the differences between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory
income tax rate were permanent differences related to meals and entertainment and the dividends-received deduction (“DRD”). The current estimated DRD
is  adjusted  as  underlying  factors  change  and  can  vary  from  estimates  based  on,  but  not  limited  to,  actual  distributions  from  investments  as  well  as  the
amount of the Company’s taxable income.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The primary cash needs of the Company are for the payment of claims and operating expenses, maintaining adequate statutory capital and surplus
levels,  and  meeting  debt  service  requirements.  Current  and  expected  patterns  of  claim  frequency  and  severity  may  change  from  period  to  period,  but
generally are expected to continue within historical ranges. The Company’s primary sources of cash are written premiums, investment income and proceeds
from the sale and maturity of its invested assets, as well as borrowings from time to time under our revolving credit facility.  The Company believes that,
within each operating company, total invested assets will be sufficient to satisfy all policy liabilities and that cash inflows from investment earnings, future
premium receipts and reinsurance collections will be adequate to fund the payment of claims and operating expenses as needed.

Cash flows at the Parent are derived from dividends, management fees, and tax-sharing payments, as described below, from the subsidiaries. The
principal cash needs of the Parent are for the payment of operating expenses, the acquisition of capital assets and debt service requirements, as well as the
repurchase  of  shares  and  payments  of  any  dividends  as  may  be  authorized  and  approved  by  the  Company’s  board  of  directors  from  time  to  time. At
December 31, 2023, the Parent had approximately $4.7 million of unrestricted cash and investments.

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Table of Contents

Dividend payments to a parent corporation by its wholly owned insurance subsidiaries are subject to annual limitations and are restricted to 10%
of statutory surplus or statutory earnings before recognizing realized investment gains of the individual insurance subsidiaries. At December 31, 2023, the
Parent’s insurance subsidiaries had an aggregate statutory surplus of $90.1 million. Dividends were paid to Atlantic American by its subsidiaries totaling
$8.4 million and $7.2 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The  Parent  provides  certain  administrative,  purchasing  and  other  services  to  each  of  its  subsidiaries.  The  amount  charged  to  and  paid  by  the
subsidiaries for these services was $8.7 million and $7.6 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, the Parent has a formal tax-sharing agreement
with each of its insurance subsidiaries. A net total of $4.0 million and $3.9 million were paid to the Parent under the tax sharing agreement in 2023 and
2022, respectively.

The Company has two statutory trusts which exist for the exclusive purpose of issuing trust preferred securities representing undivided beneficial
interests in the assets of the trusts and investing the gross proceeds of the trust preferred securities in Junior Subordinated Debentures. The outstanding
$18.0 million and $15.7 million of Junior Subordinated Debentures mature on December 4, 2032 and May 15, 2033, respectively, are callable quarterly, in
whole or in part, only at the option of the Company, and have an interest rate of 3-month CME Term SOFR plus applicable tenor spread of 0.26161 percent
plus an applicable margin. The margin ranges from 4.00% to 4.10%. At December 31, 2023, the effective interest rate was 9.69%. The obligations of the
Company with respect to the issuances of the trust preferred securities represent a full and unconditional guarantee by the Parent of each trust’s obligations
with  respect  to  the  trust  preferred  securities.  Subject  to  certain  exceptions  and  limitations,  the  Company  may  elect  from  time  to  time  to  defer  Junior
Subordinated Debenture interest payments, which would result in a deferral of distribution payments on the related trust preferred securities. The Company
has not made such an election.

The  Company  intends  to  pay  its  obligations  under  the  Junior  Subordinated  Debentures  using  existing  cash  balances,  dividend  and  tax-sharing

payments from the operating subsidiaries, or from existing or potential future financing arrangements.

At December 31, 2023, the Company had 55,000 shares of Series D preferred stock (“Series D Preferred Stock”) outstanding. All of the shares of
Series  D  Preferred  Stock  are  held  by  an  affiliate  of  the  Company’s  controlling  shareholder.  The  outstanding  shares  of  Series  D  Preferred  Stock  have  a
redemption value of $100 per share; accrue annual dividends at a rate of $7.25 per share (payable in cash or shares of the Company’s common stock at the
option  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Company)  and  are  cumulative.  In  certain  circumstances,  the  shares  of  the  Series  D  Preferred  Stock  may  be
convertible into an aggregate of approximately 1,378,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain adjustments and provided that such
adjustments  do  not  result  in  the  Company  issuing  more  than  approximately  2,703,000  shares  of  common  stock  without  obtaining  prior  shareholder
approval; and are redeemable solely at the Company’s option. The Series D Preferred Stock is not currently convertible. The Company had accrued, but
unpaid, dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock of $17.7 thousand at December 31, 2023 and 2022. During each of 2023 and 2022, the Company paid
Series D Preferred Stock dividends of $0.4 million.

Bankers Fidelity Life Insurance Company (''BFLIC") is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB"), for the primary purpose
of enhancing financial flexibility. As a member, BFLIC can obtain access to low-cost funding and also receive dividends on FHLB stock. The membership
arrangement provides for credit availability of five percent of statutory admitted assets, or approximately $8.0 million, as of December 31, 2023. Additional
FHLB stock purchases may be required based upon the amount of funds borrowed from the FHLB.  As of December 31, 2023, BFLIC has pledged bonds
having an amortized cost of $9.6 million to the FHLB.  BFLIC may be required to post additional acceptable forms of collateral for any borrowings that it
makes in the future from the FHLB.  As of December 31, 2023, BFLIC does not have any outstanding borrowings from the FHLB.

On  May  12,  2021,  the  Company  entered  into  a  Revolving  Credit  Agreement  (the  “Credit  Agreement”)  with  Truist  Bank  as  the  lender  (the
“Lender”).  The  Credit  Agreement  provides  for  an  unsecured  $10.0  million  revolving  credit  facility  that  matures  on  April  12,  2024.  Under  the  Credit
Agreement,  the  Company  paid  interest  on  the  unpaid  principal  balance  of  outstanding  revolving  loans  at  1-month  SOFR  plus  a  spread  adjustment  of
0.11448% plus 2.00%, subject to a SOFR floor rate of 1.00%.

The Credit Agreement requires the Company to comply with certain covenants, including a debt to capital ratio that restricts the Company from
incurring  consolidated  indebtedness  that  exceeds  35%  of  the  Company’s  consolidated  capitalization  at  any  time.  The  Credit  Agreement  also  contains
customary  representations  and  warranties  and  events  of  default.  Events  of  default  include,  among  others,  (a)  the  failure  by  the  Company  to  pay  any
amounts owed under the Credit Agreement when due, (b) the failure to perform and not timely remedy certain covenants, (c) a change in control of the
Company and (d) the occurrence of bankruptcy or insolvency events. Upon an event of default, the Lender may, among other things, declare all obligations
under  the  Credit  Agreement  immediately  due  and  payable  and  terminate  the  revolving  commitments.    As  of  December  31,  2023,  the  Company  had
outstanding borrowings of $3.0 million under the Credit Agreement.

Cash and cash equivalents decreased from $28.9 million at December 31, 2022 to $28.3 million at December 31, 2023. The decrease in cash and
cash  equivalents  during  2023  was  primarily  attributable  to  a  decrease  in    net  cash  used  in  investing  activities  of  $3.4  million  primarily  as  a  result  of
investment purchases exceeding investment sales and maturity of securities. Partially offsetting the decrease in cash and cash equivalents was an increase in
net cash provided by operating activities of $2.6 million.

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Table of Contents

The  Company  believes  that  existing  cash  balances  as  well  as  the  dividends,  fees,  and  tax-sharing  payments  it  expects  to  receive  from  its
subsidiaries and, if needed, additional borrowings from financial institutions, will enable the Company to meet its liquidity requirements for the next 12
months  and  thereafter  for  the  foreseeable  future.  Management  is  not  aware  of  any  current  recommendations  by  regulatory  authorities,  which,  if
implemented, would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity, capital resources or operations.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See “Recently Issued Accounting Standards” in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Impact of Inflation

Insurance premiums are established before the amount of losses and loss adjustment expenses, or the extent to which inflation may affect such
losses and expenses, are known. Consequently, in establishing its premiums, the Company attempts to anticipate the potential impact of inflation. If, for
competitive reasons, premiums cannot be increased to anticipate inflation, this cost would be absorbed by the Company. Inflation also affects the rate of
investment  return  on  the  Company’s  investment  portfolio  with  a  corresponding  effect  on  investment  income.  During  2023,  inflation  was  a  factor  in
increased loss experience within the Company’s automobile liability line of business.

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As a smaller reporting company, we have elected to comply with certain scaled disclosure reporting obligations, and therefore are not providing

the information required by this Item.

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Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (FORVIS, LLP), Atlanta, Georgia, PCAOB Firm ID No. 686)

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

24

Page

25

28

29

30

31

32

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Shareholders
Atlantic American Corporation
Atlanta, GA

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Atlantic American Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31,
2023, and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the
two-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and schedules (collectively, referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the
financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, and the results of its
operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP).

Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial
statements based on our audits.

We  are  a  public  accounting  firm  registered  with  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States)  (“PCAOB”)  and  are  required  to  be
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and
Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor
were  we  engaged  to  perform,  an  audit  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting.  As  part  of  our  audits,  we  are  required  to  obtain  an  understanding  of
internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  internal  control  over
financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our  audits  included  performing  procedures  to  assess  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  financial  statements,  whether  due  to  error  or  fraud,  and
performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in
the  financial  statements.  Our  audits  also  included  evaluating  the  accounting  principles  used  and  significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as
evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

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Critical Audit Matters
The  critical  audit  matters  communicated  below  are  matters  arising  from  the  current  period  audit  of  the  financial  statements  that  were  communicated  or
required to be communicated  to  the  audit  committee  and  that:  (1)  relate  to  accounts  or  disclosures  that  are  material  to  the  financial  statements  and  (2)
involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion
on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical
audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Valuation of Insurance Reserves for Losses and Claims (Claim Reserves)
As reflected on the consolidated balance sheet and discussed in Note 6 to the financial statements, the Company’s insurance reserves for losses and claims
(claim reserves), were $87.5 million as of December 31, 2023. The Company’s claim reserves relate primarily to its property casualty lines of business and
Medicare supplement business. The process of establishing claim reserves requires the use of estimates and judgments based on circumstances underlying
the insured loss at the date of accrual. Management’s judgments include claims adjusters’ evaluations for unpaid claims reported prior to the close of the
accounting period, estimates of incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims based on past experience and estimates of loss adjustment expenses.

The  principal  considerations  for  our  determination  that  the  valuation  of  claim  reserves  is  a  critical  audit  matter  are  the  high  degree  of  judgment  and
subjectivity  in  auditing  the  actuarial  methods  and  assumptions  used  in  the  valuation  process,  including  assumptions  around  expected  loss  ratios  and
reported and paid loss emergence patterns.

Addressing the matter involved performing the following audit procedures, among others:

•

Involving our actuarial specialists to assist in our procedures in:

o

o

Evaluating the appropriateness of management’s actuarial reserving methodologies and assumptions;

Evaluating management’s hindsight analyses;

o Comparing management’s carried reserve to the range calculated by management’s specialist for property casualty claim reserves;

•

•

Testing the completeness and accuracy of data provided by management that served as the basis for the actuarial analyses on a sample
basis; and

Evaluating movement of the Company’s recorded property casualty claim reserves within the Company’s estimated reserve range year
over year.

Valuation of Insurance Reserves for Future Policy Benefits (Policy Reserves)
As  reflected  on  the  consolidated  balance  sheet  and  discussed  in  Note  6  to  the  financial  statements,  the  Company’s  insurance  reserves  for  future  policy
benefits (policy reserves) were $92.5 million as of December 31, 2023. Policy reserves are related to life and health insurance policies and are based upon
significant assumptions including future investment yields, mortality rates, withdrawal rates and expenses after giving effect to possible risks of unexpected
claim experience. These assumptions are based on historical experience modified as necessary to reflect anticipated trends and are generally established at
contract inception.

26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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The principal considerations for our determination that the valuation of policy reserves is a critical audit matter are the high degree of judgment required to
assess certain assumptions that impact policy reserves and the complexity of the actuarial calculations.

Addressing the matter involved performing the following audit procedures, among others:

•

Involving our actuarial specialists to assist in our procedures in:

o

Evaluating whether the methodology applied by management is consistent in the aggregate with the methodology compliant with
US GAAP;

o Assessing  the  significant  assumptions  used  by  management  for  new  insurance  contracts  issued  during  the  current  year  by
comparing the significant assumptions noted above to historical experience, observable market data or management’s estimates of
prospective changes to these assumptions;

o Reviewing benefit reserve replication workbooks prepared by management for a sample of contracts; and

o

Evaluating management’s loss recognition testing of aggregate reserve sufficiency.

•

Testing the completeness and accuracy of data used by management in developing assumptions on a sample basis.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.

/s/ FORVIS, LLP 

Atlanta, GA
April 1, 2024

27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

Cash and cash equivalents
Investments:

ASSETS

Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $238,626 and $236,766; no allowance for credit

losses)

Equity securities, at fair value (cost: $4,936 and $4,907)
Other invested assets (cost: $6,982 and $5,628)
Policy loans
Real estate
Investment in unconsolidated trusts

Total investments

Receivables:

December 31,

2023

2022

(In thousands,
except share and per
share data)

 $

28,301 

 $

28,863 

218,219 
9,413 
6,381 
1,778 
38 
1,238 
237,067 

208,729 
11,562 
5,386 
1,759 
38 
1,238 
228,712 

Reinsurance (net of allowance for uncollectible reinsurance of $61 and $0)
Insurance premiums and other (net of allowance for expected credit losses $217 and net of allowance for doubtful

21,103 

25,913 

accounts $177)

Deferred income taxes, net
Deferred acquisition costs
Other assets
Intangibles

Total assets

Insurance reserves and policyholder funds

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Future policy benefits
Unearned premiums
Losses and claims
Other policy liabilities

Total insurance reserves and policyholder funds

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Revolving credit facility
Junior subordinated debenture obligations, net

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $1 par, 4,000,000 shares authorized; Series D preferred, 55,000 shares issued and outstanding; $5,500

redemption value

Common stock, $1 par, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 22,400,894 shares issued; 20,402,288 and 20,407,229 shares

outstanding as of 2023 and 2022, respectively

Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Unearned stock grant compensation
Treasury stock, at cost, 1,998,606 and 1,993,665 shares as of 2023 and 2022, respectively

Total shareholders’ equity

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

28

 $

 $

23,690 
15,682 
43,850 
9,028 
2,544 
381,265 

92,495 
31,317 
87,478 
1,132 
212,422 
24,811 
3,019 
33,738 
273,990 

15,386 
14,163 
42,281 
9,202 
2,544 
367,064 

85,564 
28,348 
87,484 
1,255 
202,651 
26,473 
2,009 
33,738 
264,871 

55 

55 

22,401 
57,425 
50,929 
(16,121)   
(13)   
(7,401)   

107,275 
381,265 

 $

22,401 
57,425 
51,982 
(22,149)
(132)
(7,389)
102,193 
367,064 

 $

 $

 $

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
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ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

Revenue:

Insurance premiums, net
Net investment income
Realized investment gains, net
Unrealized losses on equity securities, net
Other income

Total revenue

Benefits and expenses:

Insurance benefits and losses incurred
Commissions and underwriting expenses
Interest expense
Other expense

Total benefits and expenses

Income (loss) before income taxes
Income tax expense (benefit)
Net income (loss)
Preferred stock dividends
Net income (loss) applicable to common shareholders

Earnings (loss) per common share (basic and diluted)

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

29

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

(In thousands,
except per share data)

 $

 $

 $

178,825 
10,058 
70 
(2,177)   
17 
186,793 

122,500 
46,124 
3,269 
15,465 
187,358 

(565)   
(394)   
(171)   
(399)   
(570)  $

(0.03)   

185,440 
9,932 
30 
(7,562)
11 
187,851 

123,456 
46,713 
1,952 
13,634 
185,755 

2,096 
571 
1,525 
(399)
1,126 

0.06 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
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ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Net income (loss)
Other comprehensive gain (loss):

Available-for-sale fixed maturity securities:
Gross unrealized holding gain (loss) arising in the period

Related income tax effect

Subtotal

Less: reclassification adjustment for net realized gains included in net income

Related income tax effect

Subtotal

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

Total comprehensive income (loss)

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

30

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

(In thousands)

 $

(171)  $

1,525 

7,700 
(1,617)   
6,083 

(50,377)
10,579 
(39,798)

(70)   
15 
(55)   

(49)
10 
(39)

 $

6,028 
5,857 

 $

(39,837)
(38,312)

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
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ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

Preferred stock:

Balance, beginning of year
Balance, end of year

Common stock:

Balance, beginning of year
Balance, end of year
Additional paid-in capital:
Balance, beginning of year
Restricted stock grants, net of forfeitures

Balance, end of year

Retained earnings:

Balance, beginning of year

  Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1, 2023 

Net income (loss)
Dividends on common stock
Dividends accrued on preferred stock

Balance, end of year

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

Balance, beginning of year
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

Balance, end of year

Unearned stock grant compensation:

Balance, beginning of year
Restricted stock grants, net of forfeitures
Amortization of unearned compensation

Balance, end of year

Treasury stock:

Balance, beginning of year
Restricted stock grants, net of forfeitures
Net shares acquired related to employee share-based compensation plans

Balance, end of year

Total shareholders’ equity

Dividends declared on common stock per share

Common shares outstanding:
Balance, beginning of year
Net shares acquired under employee share-based compensation plans
Restricted stock grants, net of forfeitures

Balance, end of year

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

31

 $

 $

55 
55 

22,401 
22,401 

57,425 
— 
57,425 

51,982 

(75)   
(171)   
(408)   
(399)   

50,929 

(22,149)   
6,028 
(16,121)   

(132)   
— 
119 
(13)   

(7,389)   
— 
(12)   
(7,401)   

55 
55 

22,401 
22,401 

57,441 
(16)
57,425 

51,264 
— 
1,525 
(408)
(399)
51,982 

17,688 
(39,837)
(22,149)

(73)
(193)
134 
(132)

(7,490)
209 
(108)
(7,389)

 $

 $

107,275 

0.02 

 $

 $

102,193 

0.02 

20,407,229 

(4,941)   
— 
20,402,288 

20,378,576 
(36,347)
65,000 
20,407,229 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
     
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net Income (loss)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs
Acquisition costs deferred
Realized investment gains, net
Unrealized losses on equity securities, net
Losses (earnings) from equity method investees
Compensation expense related to share awards
Provision for credit losses
Depreciation and amortization
Deferred income tax benefit

(Increase) decrease in receivables, net
Increase in insurance reserves and policyholder funds
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses
Other, net

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from investments sold
Proceeds from investments matured, called or redeemed
Investments purchased
Additions to property and equipment

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities:

Payment of dividends on Series D preferred stock
Payment of dividends on common stock
Treasury stock acquired — net employee share-based compensation
Proceeds from revolving credit facility, net

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net (decrease) increase in cash
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

Supplemental cash flow information:

Cash paid for interest

Cash paid for income taxes

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

32

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

(In thousands)

 $

(171)  $

1,525 

16,440 
(18,009)   
(70)   

2,177 
360 
119 
26 
652 
(3,121)   
(3,520)   
9,771 
(1,662)   
(370)   
2,622 

5,044 
9,744 
(18,073)   
(80)   
(3,365)   

(399)   
(408)   
(12)   

1,000 
181 

(562)   

28,863 
28,301 

 $

19,445 
(23,028)
(30)
7,562 
(241)
134 
— 
890 
(1,819)
1,076 
854 
1,008 
(923)
6,453 

3,902 
9,806 
(17,010)
(126)
(3,428)

(399)
(408)
(108)
2,000 
1,085 

4,110 
24,753 
28,863 

3,227 

2,582 

 $

 $

1,794 

2,764 

 $

 $

 $

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands)

Note 1.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the
United  States  of  America  (“GAAP”)  which,  for  insurance  companies,  differ  in  some  respects  from  the  statutory  accounting  practices  prescribed  or
permitted  by  regulatory  authorities.  These  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  Atlantic  American  Corporation  (“Atlantic  American”  or  the
“Parent”) and its subsidiaries (collectively with the Parent, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated
in consolidation. Operating results achieved in any historical period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period.

At  December  31,  2023,  the  Parent  owned  five  insurance  subsidiaries,  Bankers  Fidelity  Life  Insurance  Company  and  its  wholly-owned
subsidiaries, Bankers Fidelity Assurance Company and Atlantic Capital Life Assurance Company (together known as “Bankers Fidelity”), and American
Southern  Insurance  Company  and  its  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  American  Safety  Insurance  Company.    American  Southern  Insurance  Company  also
wholly-owned three non-insurance subsidiaries, Premier Adjusting and Claim Services, Inc., Automobile Safety Management, Inc. and Automated Systems
of  Georgia,  Inc.  (together  with  American  Southern  Insurance  Company  and  American  Safety  Insurance  Company  known  as  “American  Southern”).  In
addition,  the  Parent  owned  one  non-insurance  subsidiary,  xCalibre  Risk  Services,  Inc.  The  Parent  has  issued  a  guarantee  of  all  liabilities  of  Bankers
Fidelity.

Premium Revenue and Cost Recognition

Life  insurance  premiums  are  recognized  as  revenue  when  due;  accident  and  health  insurance  premiums  are  recognized  as  revenue  over  the
premium  paying  period  and  property  and  casualty  insurance  premiums  are  recognized  as  revenue  over  the  period  of  the  contract  in  proportion  to  the
amount of insurance protection provided. Losses, benefits and expenses are accrued as incurred and are associated with premiums as they are earned so as
to  result  in  recognition  of  profits  over  the  lives  of  the  contracts.  For  traditional  life  insurance  and  long-duration  health  insurance,  this  association  is
accomplished by the provision of a future policy benefits reserve and the deferral and subsequent amortization of the costs of acquiring business, which are
referred to as “deferred policy acquisition costs” (principally commissions, premium taxes, and other incremental direct costs of issuing policies). Deferred
policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) are amortized over the estimated premium-paying period of the related policies using assumptions consistent with those
used in computing the future policy benefits reserve. The Company provides for insurance benefits and losses on accident, health, and property-casualty
claims based upon estimates of projected ultimate losses. DAC for property and casualty insurance and short-duration health insurance is amortized over
the effective period of the related insurance policies. Contingent commissions, if contractually applicable, are ultimately payable to agents based on the
underlying profitability of a particular insurance contract or a group of insurance contracts, and are periodically evaluated and accrued as earned. In periods
in  which  revisions  are  made  to  the  estimated  loss  reserves  related  to  the  particular  insurance  contract  or  group  of  insurance  contracts  subject  to  such
commissions, corresponding adjustments are also made to the related accruals. DAC is expensed when such costs are deemed not to be recoverable from
future premiums (for traditional life and long-duration health insurance) and from the related unearned premiums and investment income (for property and
casualty and short-duration health insurance).

Insurance Premiums and Other Receivables

Receivables amounts due from reinsurers, insureds and agents are evaluated periodically for collectibility. Allowances for expected credit losses
are established, as and when a loss has been determined probable, against the related receivable. An allowance for expected credit loss is recognized by the
Company  when  determined  on  a  specific  account  basis  and  a  general  provision  for  loss  is  made  based  on  the  Company’s  historical  and  expected
experience.

Intangibles

Intangibles consist of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets. Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets
acquired and is not amortized. Other indefinite-lived intangibles represent the value of licenses and are not amortized. The Company periodically reviews
its goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangibles to determine if any adverse conditions exist that could indicate impairment. Conditions that could trigger
impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant change in business climate that could affect the value of the related asset, an adverse action, or an
assessment by a regulator. No impairment of the Company’s recorded intangibles was identified during any of the periods presented.

33

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Investments

The Company’s investments in fixed maturities, which include bonds and redeemable preferred stocks, are classified as “available-for-sale” and,
accordingly, are carried at fair value with the after-tax difference from amortized cost, less allowance for credit losses (“ACL”), as adjusted if applicable,
reflected  in  shareholders’  equity  as  a  component  of  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income  or  loss.  The  Company’s  equity  securities,  which  include
common and non-redeemable preferred stocks, are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported in net income. The fair values of fixed maturities
and  equity  securities  are  largely  determined  from  publicly  quoted  market  prices,  when  available,  or  independent  broker  quotations.  Values  that  are  not
determined using quoted market prices inherently involve a greater degree of judgment and uncertainty and therefore ultimately greater price volatility than
the value of securities with publicly quoted market prices.

Prior to January 1, 2023, the Company applied other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”) guidance for securities in an unrealized loss position.
An OTTI was recognized in earnings within realized investment gains (losses) when it was anticipated that the amortized cost would not be recovered.
When either: (i) the Company had the intent to sell the security, or (ii) it was more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the security
before recovery, the reduction of amortized cost and the OTTI recognized in earnings was the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost and
estimated  fair  value.  If  neither  of  these  conditions  existed,  the  difference  between  the  amortized  cost  of  the  security  and  the  present  value  of  projected
future cash flows expected to be collected was recognized as a reduction of amortized cost and an OTTI in earnings. If the estimated fair value was less
than the present value of projected future cash flows expected to be collected, this portion of the decline in value related to other-than-credit factors was
recorded in OCI.

On  January  1,  2023,  the  Company  adopted  accounting  standards  update  (“ASU”)  2016-13,  Financial  Instruments-Credit  Losses  (Topic  326)
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), using a modified retrospective approach. Under ASU 2016-13, for securities in
an unrealized loss position, a credit loss is recognized in earnings within realized investment gains (losses) when it is anticipated that the amortized cost
will not be recovered. When either: (i) the Company has the intent to sell the security; or (ii) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to
sell  the  security  before  recovery,  the  reduction  of  amortized  cost  and  the  loss  recognized  in  earnings  is  the  entire  difference  between  the  security’s
amortized cost and estimated fair value. If neither of these conditions exists, the difference between the amortized cost of the security and the present value
of projected future cash flows expected to be collected is recognized as a credit loss by establishing an ACL with a corresponding charge to earnings in
realized investment gains (losses). However, the ACL is limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost. This limitation is known as
the “fair value floor.” If the estimated fair value is less than the present value of projected future cash flows expected to be collected, this portion of the
decline in value related to other-than-credit factors (“noncredit loss”) is recorded in OCI.

Policy loans are carried at unpaid principal balance and are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of the underlying insurance contract. 

Real estate is carried at historical cost and is evaluated for impairment when circumstances would indicate that fair value may be less than carrying value.

The Company holds passive interests in a number of entities that are considered to be variable interest entities (“VIEs”) under GAAP guidance.
The Company’s VIE interests principally consist of interests in limited partnerships and limited liability companies formed for the purpose of achieving
diversified equity returns, which are included in other invested assets on the balance sheet and are accounted for using the equity method. The Company
does not have power over the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these VIEs and thus is not the primary beneficiary.
Therefore,  the  Company  has  not  consolidated  these  VIEs.  Also  included  in  the  Company’s  VIEs  are  investments  in  unconsolidated  trusts,  which  are
presented on the balance sheet and carried at cost. The Company’s involvement with each VIE is limited to its direct ownership interest in the VIE. The
Company has no arrangements with any of the VIEs to provide other financial support to or on behalf of the VIE. The Company reviews its investments in
other invested assets for impairment no less frequently than quarterly and monitors the performance throughout the year.  If the Company becomes aware
of an impairment of an other invested asset at the balance sheet date, it will recognize an impairment by recording a reduction in the carrying value of the
other invested asset with a corresponding charge to net investment income.

Premiums and discounts related to investments are amortized or accreted over the life of the related investment as an adjustment to yield using the
effective  interest  method.  Dividends  and  interest  income  are  recognized  when  earned  or  declared.  The  cost  of  securities  sold  is  based  on  specific
identification.  Unrealized  gains  (losses)  in  the  value  of  fixed  maturities  are  accounted  for  as  a  direct  increase  (decrease)  in  accumulated  other
comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity, net of deferred tax and, accordingly, have no effect on net income.

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes represent the expected future tax consequences when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid.
They arise from differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax laws and tax rates as
those changes are enacted. The provision for income taxes represents the total amount of income taxes due related to the current year, plus the change in
deferred income taxes during the year. A valuation allowance is recognized if, based on management’s assessment of the relevant facts, it is more likely
than not that some portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

34

Table of Contents

Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share are based on the weighted average number of common and participating shares outstanding during the relevant
period. Diluted earnings per common share are based on the weighted average number of common and participating shares outstanding during the relevant
period,  plus  options  outstanding,  if  applicable,  using  the  treasury  stock  method  and  the  assumed  conversion of the Series D preferred stock, if dilutive.
Unless otherwise indicated, earnings per common share amounts are presented on a diluted basis.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and investments in short-term, highly liquid securities with original maturities of three months

or less from date of purchase.

Reinsurance

The Company’s insurance subsidiaries from time to time purchase reinsurance from unaffiliated insurers and reinsurers to reduce their potential
liability on individual risks and to protect against catastrophic losses. In a reinsurance transaction, an insurance company transfers, or “cedes,” a portion or
all of its exposure on insurance policies to a reinsurer. The reinsurer assumes the exposure in return for a portion of the premiums. The ceding of insurance
does not legally discharge the insurer from primary liability for the full amount of the policies written by it, and the ceding company will incur a loss if the
reinsurer fails to meet its obligations under the reinsurance agreement.

Amounts currently recoverable under reinsurance agreements are included in reinsurance receivables and amounts currently payable are included
in other liabilities. Assets and liabilities relating to reinsurance agreements with the same reinsurer may be recorded net on the balance sheet, if a right of
offset exists within the reinsurance agreement. In the event that reinsurers do not meet their obligations to the Company under the terms of the reinsurance
agreements, reinsurance recoverable balances could become uncollectible. In such instances, reinsurance recoverable balances are stated net of allowances
for uncollectible reinsurance.

Share-Based Transactions

For employee and director share-based compensation awards, the Company determines a grant date fair value based on the price of our publicly-
traded common  stock  and  recognize  the  related  compensation  expense,  adjusted  for  actual  forfeitures,  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  operations  on  a
straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. For non-employee share-based compensation awards, the Company recognizes the
impact during the period of performance, and the fair value of the award is measured as of the date performance is complete, which is the vesting date.

Treasury Stock

Treasury  stock  is  reflected  as  a  reduction  of  shareholders’  equity  at  cost.  The  Company  uses  the  first-in-first-out  (“FIFO”)  purchase  cost  to
determine  the  cost  of  treasury  stock  that  is  reissued.  The  Company  includes  any  gains  and  losses  in  additional  paid-in  capital  when  treasury  stock  is
reissued.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Reference Rate Reform. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of
Reference  Rate  Reform  on  Financial  Reporting  (“ASU  2020-04”).  This  guidance  provides  optional  expedients  and  exceptions  for  applying  GAAP  to
investments,  derivatives,  or  other  transactions  that  reference  the  London  Interbank  Offered  Rate  (LIBOR)  or  another  reference  rate  expected  to  be
discontinued because of reference rate reform. Along with the optional expedients, the amendments include a general principle that permits an entity to
consider  contract  modifications  due  to  reference  reform  to  be  an  event  that  does  not  require  contract  re-measurement  at  the  modification  date  or
reassessment of a previous accounting determination. Additionally, a company may make a one-time election to sell, transfer, or both sell and transfer debt
securities classified as held to maturity that reference a rate affected by reference rate reform and that were classified as held to maturity before January 1,
2020.  The  Company  adopted  the  guidance  as  of  June  30,  2023.  The  adoption  of  the  guidance  had  no  significant  impact  on  the  Company’s  financial
condition and results of operations.

35

 
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Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326):
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). The updated guidance applies a new credit loss model (current expected credit
losses  or  CECL)  for  determining  credit-related  impairments  for  financial  instruments  measured  at  amortized  cost  (including  reinsurance  recoverables,
premium and other receivables) and requires an entity to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure or pool of exposures. The estimate
of expected credit losses should consider historical information, current information, as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of
prepayments. The expected credit losses, and subsequent adjustments to such losses, are recorded through an allowance account that is deducted from the
amortized  cost  basis  of  the  financial  asset,  with  the  net  carrying  value  of  the  financial  asset  presented  on  the  consolidated  balance  sheet  at  the  amount
expected to be collected.

The  updated  guidance  also  amends  the  previous  other-than-temporary  impairment  model  for  available-for-sale  debt  securities  by  requiring  the
recognition of impairments relating to credit losses through an allowance account and limits the amount of credit loss to the difference between a security’s
amortized  cost  basis  and  its  fair  value.  In  addition,  the  length  of  time  a  security  has  been  in  an  unrealized  loss  position  will  no  longer  impact  the
determination of whether a credit loss exists.

The Company adopted the updated guidance as of January 1, 2023. The updated guidance was applied by a cumulative effect adjustment to the
opening  balance  of  retained  earnings  as  of  January  1,  2023,  the  beginning  of  the  period  of  adoption.  The  adoption  of  this  guidance  resulted  in  the
recognition of an after-tax cumulative effect adjustment of $0.1 million to reflect the impact of recognizing expected credit losses, as compared to incurred
credit  losses  recognized  under  the  previous  guidance.  This  adjustment  is  primarily  associated  with  reinsurance  recoverables,  premium  and  other
receivables. The cumulative effect adjustment decreased retained earnings as of January 1, 2023 and increased the allowance for estimated uncollectible
reinsurance.

Impact of Adoption on Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet

Reinsurance Recoverables

The following table presents the balances of reinsurance recoverables, net of the allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance, at January 1,

2023 and December 31, 2023, and the changes in the allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Year ended December 31, 2023

(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1,
2023
Current period change for estimated uncollectible reinsurance
Write-offs of uncollectible reinsurance recoverables
Balance, end of period

Insurance Premium and Other Receivables

 $

 $

Reinsurance Recoverables,
Net of Allowance for Estimated
Uncollectible Reinsurance

Allowance for Estimated
Uncollectible Reinsurance 
— 
 $

25,913 

21,103 

 $

75 
(14)
— 
61 

The following table presents the balances of insurance premiums and other, net of the allowance for expected credit losses, at January 1, 2023 and

December 31, 2023, and the changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts/expected credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2023.

(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1,
2023
Current period change for expected credit losses
Write-offs of uncollectible insurance premiums and other receivables
Balance, end of period

36

Year ended December 31, 2023

Insurance Premiums and
Other, Net of Expected Credit
Losses

Allowance for Doubtful
Accounts/Expected Credit
Losses

 $

 $

15,386 

 $

23,690 

 $

177 

— 
40 
— 
217 

 
 
 
 
   
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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Future Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-12, Financial Services —Insurance (Topic 944):
Targeted  Improvements  to  the  Accounting  for  Long-Duration  Contracts  (“ASU  2018-12”).  This  guidance  (1)  improves  the  timeliness  of  recognizing
changes in the liability for future policy benefits and modifies the rate used to discount future cash flows, (2) simplifies and improves the accounting for
certain market-based options or guarantees associated with deposit (or account balance) contracts, (3) simplifies the amortization of deferred acquisition
costs, and (4) improves the effectiveness of the required disclosures. ASU 2018-12 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15,
2024  and  interim  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2025,  although  earlier  adoption  is  permitted.    The  Company  is  currently  evaluating  the  new
guidance, but has not yet determined the method. The Company will adopt on January 1, 2025.

Segment  Reporting.  In  November  2023,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  No.  2023-07,  Segment  Reporting-  An  Amendment  for  Improvements  to
Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). The amendments in ASU 2023-07 improve reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced
disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendment; introduces a new requirement to disclose significant segment expenses regularly provided
to the chief operating decision maker (CODM); extends certain annual disclosures to interim periods; clarifies single reportable segment entities must apply
ASC 280 in its entirety, permits more than one measure of segment profit or loss to be reported under certain conditions, and requires disclosure of the title
and position of the CODM. The amendments in this update do not change or remove existing disclosure requirements. The Update is effective for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, although early adoption is permitted.
The Company is evaluating the new guidance and any effect it will have on the Company’s financials.

Income Taxes. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The amendment
requires that all entities disclose on an annual basis the following information about income taxes paid; the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds
received)  disaggregated  by  federal  (national),  state,  and  foreign  taxes;  and  the  amount  of  income  taxes  paid  (net  of  refunds  received)  disaggregated  by
individual  jurisdictions  in  which  income  taxes  paid  (net  of  refunds  received)  is  equal  to  or  greater  than  5%  of  total  income  taxes  paid  (net  of  refunds
received).  All  entities  also  are  required  to  disclose;  income  (or  loss)  from  continuing  operations  before  income  tax  expense  (or  benefit)  disaggregated
between domestic and foreign; and income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal (national), state, and foreign. The
ASU,  which  also  includes  certain  other  amendments  to  improve  the  effectiveness  of  income  tax  disclosures,  is  effective  for  public  business  entities  for
annual periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2024. The Company is evaluating the new guidance and any effect it will have on the Company’s financials.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  and  related  disclosures  in  conformity  with  GAAP  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements
and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions are used in developing and evaluating deferred income taxes,
deferred acquisition costs, insurance reserves, investments, and receivables, among others, and actual results could differ materially from management’s
estimates.

Note 2.

Investments

The  following  tables  set  forth  the  estimated  fair  value,  gross  unrealized  gains,  gross  unrealized  losses,  allowance  for  credit  losses  and  cost  or
amortized  cost  of  the  Company’s  investments  in  fixed  maturities  and  equity  securities,  aggregated  by  type  and  industry,  as  of  December  31,  2023  and
December 31, 2022.

Fixed maturities were comprised of the following:

Estimated
Fair Value

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

2023

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Allowance
for
Credit
Losses

Amortized
Cost

Fixed maturities:

Bonds:

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S.

Government agencies and authorities

 $

Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Corporate securities:

 $

50,059 
8,106 

 $

63 
15 

4,944    $
1,424     

Utilities and telecom
Financial services
Other business – diversified
Other consumer – diversified
Total corporate securities

Redeemable preferred stocks:

Other consumer – diversified

Total redeemable preferred stocks

Total fixed maturities

21,309 
59,584 
34,386 
44,570 
159,849 

205 
205 
218,219 

 $

 $

37

143 
560 
403 
87 
1,193 

13 
13 
1,284 

 $

2,582     
4,931     
2,940     
4,870     
15,323     

—     
—     
21,691    $

— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 

 $

 $

54,940 
9,515 

23,748 
63,955 
36,923 
49,353 
173,979 

192 
192 
238,626 

 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
      
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
      
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
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Fixed maturities:

Bonds:

2022

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Amortized
Cost

Estimated
Fair Value

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies and
authorities
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Corporate securities:

  $

44,412    $
9,187     

Utilities and telecom
Financial services
Other business – diversified
Other consumer – diversified
Total corporate securities

Redeemable preferred stocks:

Other consumer – diversified

Total redeemable preferred stocks

Total fixed maturities

22,090     
59,054     
31,058     
42,705     
154,907     

223     
223     
208,729    $

  $

5    $
4     

120     
397     
161     
35     
713     

31     
31     
753    $

5,926    $
1,702     

3,299     
7,085     
4,689     
6,089     
21,162     

—     
—     
28,790    $

50,333 
10,885 

25,269 
65,742 
35,586 
48,759 
175,356 

192 
192 
236,766 

Bonds having an amortized cost of $14,647 and $12,333 and included in the tables above were on deposit with insurance regulatory authorities at
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in accordance with statutory requirements. Additionally, bonds having an amortized cost of $9,584 and $7,221
and included in the tables above were pledged as collateral to FHLB at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Equity securities:

Common and non-redeemable preferred stocks:

Financial services
Communications

Total equity securities

Equity securities:

Common and non-redeemable preferred stocks:

Financial services
Communications

Total equity securities

2023

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
Fair Value

Cost

924     
8,489     
9,413    $

621     
3,856     
4,477    $

2022

—     
—     
—    $

303 
4,633 
4,936 

Estimated
Fair Value

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Cost

790     
10,772     
11,562    $

516     
6,139     
6,655    $

—     
—     
—    $

274 
4,633 
4,907 

  $

  $

The carrying value and amortized cost of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 by contractual maturity were as
follows. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment
penalties.

Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through ten years
Due after ten years
Asset backed securities

Totals

2023

2022

Carrying
Value

Amortized
Cost

Carrying
Value

Amortized
Cost

  $

  $

1,715    $
60,423     
33,596     
86,857     
35,628     
218,219    $

1,750    $
62,423     
36,752     
97,984     
39,717     
238,626    $

3,776    $
40,150     
44,044     
87,719     
33,040     
208,729    $

3,797 
42,174 
49,711 
103,095 
37,989 
236,766 

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The  following  tables  present  the  Company’s  unrealized  loss  aging  for  securities  by  type  and  length  of  time  the  security  was  in  a  continuous

unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of

U.S. Government agencies and
authorities

Obligations of states and political

subdivisions

Corporate securities

Total temporarily impaired securities

  $

Less than 12 months
Fair
Value

Unrealized
Losses

2023
12 months or longer
Fair
Value

Unrealized
Losses

Total

Fair
Value

Unrealized
Losses

  $

5,194    $

37    $

39,476    $

4,907    $

44,670    $

4,944 

1,145     
539     
6,878    $

3     
13     
53    $

5,936     
138,283     
183,695    $

1,421     
15,310     
21,638    $

7,081     
138,822     
190,573    $

1,424 
15,323 
21,691 

Less than 12 months
Fair
Value

Unrealized
Losses

2022
12 months or longer
Fair
Value

Unrealized
Losses

Total

Fair
Value

Unrealized
Losses

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of

U.S. Government agencies and
authorities

Obligations of states and political
subdivisions 
Corporate securities

Total temporarily impaired securities

  $

  $

23,763    $

2,410    $

19,259    $

3,516    $

43,022    $

5,926 

8,183     
127,928     
159,874    $

1,702     
16,214     
20,326    $

—     
14,514     
33,773    $

—     
4,948     
8,464    $

8,183     
142,442     
193,647    $

1,702 
21,162 
28,790 

Analysis of Securities in Unrealized Loss Positions

As of  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  there  were  311  and  237  securities,  respectively,  in  an  unrealized  loss  position  which  primarily  included
certain of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities within the utilities and telecom, financial services, other diversified business and other diversified
consumer sectors. The unrealized losses on the Company’s fixed maturity securities investments have been primarily related to general market changes in
interest rates and/or the levels of credit spreads rather than specific concerns with the issuer’s ability to pay interest and repay principal.

For any  of  its  fixed  maturity  securities  with  significant  declines  in  fair  value,  the  Company  performs  detailed  analyses  to  identify  whether  the
drivers of the declines are due to general market drivers, such as the recent increases in interest rates, or due to credit-related factors. Identifying the drivers
of the declines in fair value helps to align and allocate the Company‘s resources to securities with real credit-related concerns that could impact the ultimate
collection of principal and interest. For any significant declines in fair value determined to be non-interest rate or market related, the Company performs a
more focused review of the related issuers’ specific credit profile.

For corporate  issuers,  the  Company  evaluates  their  assets,  business  profile  including  industry  dynamics  and  competitive  positioning,  financial
statements and other available financial data. For non-corporate issuers, the Company analyzes all reasonably available sources of credit support, including
issuer-specific factors. The Company utilizes information available in the public domain and, for certain private placement issuers, from consultations with
the issuers directly. The Company also considers ratings from Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (NRSROs), as well as the specific
characteristics  of  the  security  it  owns  including  seniority  in  the  issuer’s  capital  structure,  covenant  protections,  or  other  relevant  features.  From  these
reviews, the Company evaluates the issuers’ continued ability to service the Company’s investment through payment of interest and principal.

Assuming no credit-related factors develop, unrealized gains and losses on fixed maturity securities are expected to diminish as investments near
maturity. Based on its credit analysis, the Company believes that the issuers of its fixed maturity investments in the sectors shown in the table above have
the ability to service their obligations to the Company. In addition, the Company does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not
that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity.

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However, from time to time the Company identifies certain available-for-sale fixed maturity securities where the amortized cost basis exceeds the
present value of the cash flows expected to be collected due to credit related factors and as a result, a credit allowance will be estimated.  The Company had
no  ACL  on  its  available-for-sale  fixed  maturities  as  of  December  31,  2023.  The  Company  did  not  record  any  other  than  temporary  impairments  as  of
December 31, 2022.

Investment income was earned from the following sources:

Fixed maturities
Equity securities
Other

Investment expenses

Net investment income

A summary of realized investment gains (losses) follows:

Gains
Losses
Realized investment gains, net

Gains
Losses
Realized investment gains (losses), net

2023

2022

 $

9,333 
332 
646   

10,311 
253 
10,058 

 $

9,141 
327 
729
10,197 
265 
9,932 

 $

 $

2023

Fixed
Maturities

Equity
Securities

70 
 $
—   
 $
70 

— 
— 
— 

Other
Invested Assets 
— 
 $
 $
—   
—  $

 $

2022

Fixed
Maturities

Equity
Securities

 $
101 
(52)   
 $
49 

— 
— 
— 

Other
Invested Assets 
 $
1 
 $
(20)   
(19)  $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

Total

Total

70 
—
70 

102 
(72)
30 

Proceeds from the sales of available-for-sale fixed maturities were as follows:

Sales proceeds
Gross gains
Gross losses

Proceeds from the sales of equity securities were as follows:

Sales proceeds
Gross gains
Gross losses

Proceeds from the sales of other invested assets were as follows:

Sales proceeds
Gross gains
Gross losses

 $

 $

 $

2023

2022

 $

5,035 
70 
—   

3,649 
101 
—

2023

2022

 $

2 
— 
— 

2023

2022

 $

— 
— 
— 

1 
— 
—

161 
1 
(20)

Sales of available-for-sale securities in 2023 and 2022 were primarily a result of improving the overall risk versus return profile of the portfolio. In

addition, the Company sold its interest in a certain limited liability company held as other invested assets to a third-party in 2022.

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The following table presents the portion of unrealized gains (losses) related to equity securities still held for the years ended December 31, 2023

and 2022.

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities
Less: Net realized gains recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period
Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities, net

2023

2022

 $

 $

(2,177)  $
— 
(2,177)  $

(7,562)
— 
(7,562)

The Company’s bond portfolio included 99% investment grade securities, as defined by the NAIC, at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Variable Interest Entities

The Company holds passive interests in a number of entities that are considered to be variable interest entities (“VIEs”) under GAAP guidance.
The Company’s VIE interests principally consist of interests in limited partnerships and limited liability companies formed for the purpose of achieving
diversified equity returns. The Company’s VIE interests, carried as a part of other invested assets, totaled $6,381 and $5,386 at December 31, 2023 and
2022, respectively. The Company’s VIE interests, carried as a part of investment in unconsolidated trusts, totaled $1,238 at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Company does not have power over the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these VIEs and thus is not the
primary  beneficiary.  Therefore,  the  Company  has  not  consolidated  these  VIEs.  The  Company’s  involvement  with  each  VIE  is  limited  to  its  direct
ownership interest in the VIE. The Company has no arrangements with any of the VIEs to provide other financial support to or on behalf of the VIE. The
Company’s  maximum  loss  exposure  relative  to  these  investments  was  limited  to  the  carrying  value  of  the  Company’s  investment  in  the  VIEs,  which
amount  to  $7,619  and  $6,624,  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  respectively.  As  of  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  the  Company  had  outstanding
commitments totaling $4,518 and $5,872, respectively, whereby the Company is committed to fund these investments and may be called by the partnership
during  the  commitment  period  to  fund  the  purchase  of  new  investments  and  partnership  expenses.  The  reduction  in  the  Company’s  outstanding
commitments was a result of an additional investment of $1,354 in the partnership.

Note 3.

Disclosures About Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The estimated fair values have been determined by the Company using available market information from various market sources and appropriate
valuation methodologies as of the respective dates. However, considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and to develop the estimates of
fair value. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, the estimates presented herein
are  not  necessarily  indicative  of  the  amounts  which  the  Company  could  realize  in  a  current  market  exchange.  The  use  of  different  market  assumptions
and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

The following describes the fair value hierarchy and provides information as to the extent to which the Company uses fair value to measure the
value of its financial instruments and information about the inputs used to value those financial instruments. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs
in the valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels.

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Observable  inputs  that  reflect  quoted  prices  for  identical  assets  or  liabilities  in  active  markets  that  the  Company  has  the  ability  to
access  at  the  measurement  date.  The  Company’s  financial  instruments  valued  using  Level  1  criteria  include  cash  equivalents  and
exchange traded common stocks.

Observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, for an asset or liability or prices for similar assets or liabilities. The
Company’s financial instruments valued using Level 2 criteria include significantly most of its fixed maturities, which consist of U.S.
Treasury securities, U.S. Government securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, and certain corporate fixed maturities,
as  well  as  its  non-redeemable  preferred  stocks.  In  determining fair value measurements of its fixed maturities and non-redeemable
preferred  stocks  using  Level  2  criteria,  the  Company  utilizes  data  from  outside  sources,  including  nationally  recognized  pricing
services and broker/dealers. Prices for the majority of the Company’s Level 2 fixed maturities and non-redeemable preferred stocks
were determined using unadjusted prices received from pricing services that utilize models where the significant inputs are observable
(e.g. interest rates, yield curves, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severities) or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Valuations that are derived from techniques in which one or more of the significant inputs are unobservable (including assumptions
about risk). Fair value is based on criteria that use assumptions or other data that are not readily observable from objective sources.
With little or no observable market, the determination of fair values uses considerable judgment and represents the Company’s best
estimate  of  an  amount  that  could  be  realized  in  a  market  exchange  for  the  asset  or  liability.  The  Company’s  financial  instruments
valued using Level 3 criteria consist of one equity security.  As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the value of the equity
security valued using Level 3 criteria was $185 and $156, respectively.   The equity security is not traded and is valued at cost. The
use of different criteria or assumptions regarding data may have yielded materially different valuations.

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Recurring Fair Value Measurements

Cash Equivalents. The carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments.

Fixed Maturities and Common and Non-Redeemable Preferred Stocks. The carrying amount is determined from publicly quoted market prices. Certain
fixed  maturities  do  not  have  publicly  quoted  values  and  consist  solely  of  issuances  of  pooled  debt  obligations  of  multiple,  smaller  financial  services
companies.  They  are  not  actively  traded  and  valuation  techniques  used  to  measure  fair  value  are  based  on  future  estimated  cash  flows  discounted  at
reasonable estimated rates of interest. Other qualitative and quantitative information is also considered, as applicable.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

Non-publicly  Traded  Invested  Assets. The  fair  value  of  investments  in  certain  limited  partnerships  which  are  included  in  other  invested  assets  on  the
consolidated balance sheet were determined by officers of those limited partnerships.

Policy Loans. Policy loans, which are categorized as Level 3 fair value measurements, are carried at the unpaid principal balances.

Junior  Subordinated  Debentures.  The  fair  value  is  estimated  based  on  observable  interest  rates  and  yields  for  debt  instruments  having  similar
characteristics.

As of December 31, 2023, financial instruments carried at fair value were measured on a recurring basis as summarized below:

Assets:
Fixed maturities
Equity securities
Cash equivalents
Total

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

  $

  $

—    $
9,228     
14,834     
24,062    $

218,219    $
—     
—     
218,219    $

—    $
185     
—     
185    $

Total

218,219 
9,413 
14,834 
242,466 

As of December 31, 2022, financial instruments carried at fair value were measured on a recurring basis as summarized below:

Assets:
Fixed maturities
Equity securities
Cash equivalents

Total

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

  $

  $

—    $
11,406     
18,861     
30,267    $

208,729    $
—     
—     
208,729    $

—    $
156     
—     
156    $

Total

208,729 
11,562 
18,861 
239,152 

The  following  table  sets  forth  the  carrying  amount,  estimated  fair  value  and  level  within  the  fair  value  hierarchy  of  the  Company’s  financial

instruments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Fixed maturities
Equity securities
Policy loans

Liabilities:

Junior subordinated debentures, net
Revolving credit facility

Level in
Fair Value
Hierarchy(1)    

2023

2022

Carrying
Amount

Estimated
Fair Value    

Carrying
Amount

Estimated
Fair Value  

Level 1
Level 2
(1) 
Level 3

Level 2
Level 2

    $

28,301    $
218,219     
9,413     
1,778     

28,301    $
218,219     
9,413     
1,778     

28,863    $
208,729     
11,562     
1,759     

28,863 
208,729 
11,562 
1,759 

33,738     
3,019     

33,670     
3,019     

33,738     
2,009     

33,810 
2,009 

(1) See the aforementioned information for a description of the fair value hierarchy as well as a disclosure of levels for classes of these financial assets.

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Note 4.

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

The following table presents a rollforward of deferred policy acquisition costs by segment for the years ended December 31.

Deferred policy acquisition costs:

Balance, beginning of year
Capitalization
Amortization

Balance, end of year

Note 5.

Internal-Use Software

2023

2022

American
Southern

Bankers
Fidelity

American
Southern    

Bankers
Fidelity

 $

 $

2,401 
8,689 
(8,390)
2,700 

 $

 $

 $

39,880 
9,320 
(8,050)   
 $
41,150 

 $

2,390 
10,161 
(10,150)   
 $
2,401 

36,308 
12,867 
(9,295)
39,880 

On March 3, 2021, the Company entered into a hosting arrangement through a service contract with a third party software solutions  vendor  to
provide a suite of policy, billing, claim, and customer management services. The software is managed, hosted, supported, and delivered as a cloud-based
software service product offering (software-as-a-service). The initial term of the arrangement is five years from the effective date with a renewal term of an
additional five years.

Service fees related to the hosting arrangement are recorded as an expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations as
incurred.    Implementation  expenses  incurred  related  to  third  party  professional  and  consulting  services  have  been  capitalized.  The  Company  will  begin
amortizing, on a straight-line basis over the expected ten year term of the hosting arrangement, when the software is substantially ready for its intended use.
The Company incurred and capitalized implementation costs of $1,545 and $2,522 during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The
Company has capitalized $4,567 and $3,022 in implementation costs in other assets in its condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023
and 2022, respectively.  The Company expects the software will be substantially ready for its intended use during 2024. Accordingly, the Company has not
recorded any amortization expense related to software implementation costs for years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Note 6.

Insurance Reserves and Policyholder Funds

The following table presents the Company’s reserves for life, accident and health, and property and casualty losses, claims and loss adjustment

expenses at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Future policy benefits

Life insurance policies:

Ordinary life and annuities
Group life

Accident and health insurance policies

Unearned premiums
Losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses
Other policy liabilities

Total insurance reserves and policyholder funds

2023

2022

Amount of
Insurance In Force, Net
2022
2023

 $

 $

50,040 
11,917 
61,957 

30,538 
92,495 
31,317 
87,478 
1,132 
212,422 

 $

 $

50,660 
2,533 
53,193 

 $

 $

172,907 
633,017 
805,924 

 $

 $

186,863 
474,150 
661,013 

32,371 
85,564 
28,348 
87,484 
1,255 
202,651 

Annualized premiums for accident and health insurance policies were $84,127 and $89,471 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Future Policy Benefits

Liabilities  for  future  benefits  on  life  insurance  policies  and  accident  and  health  insurance  policies  are  based  on  assumed  investment  yields,
mortality rates, disablement rates, benefit utilization rates, and lapse rates after giving effect to possible risks of unexpected adverse claim experience. The
mortality, disablement rates, benefit utilization rates, and lapse assumptions are based upon the Company’s experience and incorporate a margin for adverse
experience development.  These assumptions are modified as necessary to reflect anticipated trends and are generally established at contract inception.  The
interest rates assumed, which reflect future investment yields at the time policies are issued, are generally: (i) 2.5% to 5.5% for issues prior to 1977, (ii)
5.5% to 7.0% for 1977 through 1979 issues, (iii) 9.0% for 1980 through 1987 issues, (iv) 5.0% to 7.0% for 1988 through 2009 issues, and (v) 3.0% to 4.0%
for 2010 through 2023 issues.

Loss and Claim Reserves

Loss and claim reserves represent estimates of projected ultimate losses and are based upon: (a) management’s estimate of ultimate liability and
claims adjusters’ evaluations for unpaid claims reported prior to the close of the accounting period, (b) estimates of incurred but not reported (“IBNR”)
claims  based  on  past  experience,  and  (c)  estimates  of  loss  adjustment  expenses.  The  estimated  liability  is  periodically  reviewed  by  management  and
updated, with changes to the estimated liability recorded in the statement of operations in the year in which such changes are known.

Activity in the liability for unpaid loss and claim reserves is summarized as follows:

Balance at January 1
Less: Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses

Net balance at January 1

Incurred related to:

Current year
Prior years

Total incurred

Paid related to:
Current year
Prior years
Total paid
Net balance at December 31
Plus: Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses
Balance at December 31

 $

2023

2022

 $

87,484 
(17,647)
69,837 

85,620 
(17,690)
67,930 

113,246 

1,418(1)   

114,664 

125,754 

(4,228)(2)

121,526 

67,484 
44,217 
111,701 
72,800 
14,678 
87,478 

 $

82,002 
37,617 
119,619 
69,837 
17,647 
87,484 

 $

(1) Prior years’ development was primarily the result of unfavorable development in the automobile liability line of business in the property and casualty

operations due to inflationary factors.

(2) Prior  years’  development  was  primarily  the  result  of  favorable  development  in  the  Medicare  supplement  line  of  business  in  the  life  and  health

operations, as well as favorable development in the surety line of business in the property and casualty operations.

Following is a reconciliation of total incurred losses to total insurance benefits and losses incurred:

Total incurred losses
Cash surrender value and matured endowments
Benefit reserve changes

Total insurance benefits and losses incurred

Liability for Unpaid Losses, Claims and Loss Adjustment Expenses

2023

2022

114,664 
1,323 
6,513 
122,500 

 $

 $

121,526 
1,598 
332
123,456 

 $

 $

The  following  is  information,  by  significant  product  lines,  about  incurred  and  paid  claims  development  as  of  December  31,  2023,  net  of
reinsurance, as well as the cumulative number of reported claims and the total of IBNR reserves plus expected development on reported claims included
within  the  net  incurred  claims  amounts.  The  information  presented  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2015  and  prior  is  presented  as  supplementary
information and is unaudited.

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Medicare Supplement

For the Years Ended December 31,

Incurred Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of
Reinsurance

Accident Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

  2014     2015     2016     2017     2018     2019     2020     2021     2022    
 $ 57,179   $ 56,938   $ 56,981   $ 56,981   $ 56,976   $ 56,977   $ 56,976 
      55,482     54,939     54,993     54,990     54,984     54,985 
      58,849     59,851     63,226     63,225     63,221 
      67,960     69,655     69,643     69,635 
      79,140     80,404     80,361 
      88,765     87,028 
      75,857 

 $ 56,976 
   54,985 
   63,221 
   69,633 
   80,357 
   86,988 
   75,715 
   65,267 

 $ 56,976 
   54,985 
   63,221 
   69,633 
   80,351 
   86,986 
   75,730 
   61,579 
   58,777 

As of December 31,
2023

Cumulative
Number of
Reported
Claims

940 
898 
1,037 
1,512 
2,052 
2,246 
1,853 
1,771 
2,103 
1,864 

IBNR
Reserves   
 $

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
14 
52 
239 
   11,979 

2023  
 $ 56,976 
   54,985 
   63,221 
   69,632 
   80,348 
   86,980 
   75,730 
   61,785 
   56,047 
   48,367 
 $ 654,071 

Accident Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

Cumulative Paid Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
2022    

2015    

2016    

2021    

2019    

2018    

2020    

2017    

2014    

 $ 48,024 

 $ 56,938 
   45,430 

 $ 56,981 
   54,876 
   49,165 

 $ 56,981 
   54,993 
   59,747 
   57,696 

 $ 56,976 
   54,990 
   63,226 
   69,517 
   66,565 

 $ 56,977 
   54,984 
   63,225 
   69,643 
   80,222 
   72,333 

 $ 56,976 
   54,985 
   63,221 
   69,635 
   80,361 
   86,856 
   63,129 

 $ 56,976 
   54,985 
   63,221 
   69,633 
   80,355 
   86,978 
   75,527 
   50,197 

 $ 56,976 
   54,985 
   63,221 
   69,633 
   80,351 
   86,985 
   75,710 
   61,350 
   46,111 

Liabilities for losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance 

2023  
 $ 56,976 
   54,985 
   63,221 
   69,633 
   80,348 
   86,980 
   75,715 
   61,733 
   55,808 
   36,388 
 $ 641,787 
 $ 12,284 

The cumulative number of reported claims for the Medicare Supplement line of business is the number of distinct claims incurred and submitted to
the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (or its designee) for payment in the given year. Multiple payments on the same claim are not counted in
the claim frequency data. Estimated ultimate claims incurred, using claims data reported during each month of any given year, are calculated using the
chain ladder method modified to reflect seasonality by trend-adjusting expected claims for the most recent four-month period prior to the statement date.
Additional adjustments to the estimated ultimate claims incurred are then applied to account for seasonal changes in claim experience and changes in the
rate of claim processing. The IBNR is calculated as the estimated ultimate claims less the total of paid claims through the valuation date and claims in the
course of settlement as of the valuation date. Thirty-six months of loss data are used to develop the estimated ultimate incurred claims. For other accident
and health products that have very small claim volumes, similar approaches are used and modified to reflect the unique aspects of the products.

45

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
  
     
     
  
  
  
     
     
     
  
  
  
     
     
     
     
  
  
  
     
     
     
     
     
  
  
  
     
     
     
     
     
     
  
  
  
  
     
     
     
     
     
     
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
     
     
     
     
     
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
     
     
     
     
     
     
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Table of Contents

Automobile Liability

For the Years Ended December 31,

Incurred Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of
Reinsurance

Accident Year   2014     2015     2016     2017     2018     2019     2020     2021     2022    

2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

 $ 20,812 

 $ 21,881 
   18,521 

 $ 22,041 
   19,857 
   20,549 

 $ 22,353 
   20,017 
   21,275 
   22,179 

 $ 21,682 
   20,007 
   21,846 
   24,212 
   24,284 

 $ 22,080 
   20,086 
   22,388 
   23,766 
   25,682 
   25,241 

 $ 22,100 
   20,680 
   22,245 
   25,180 
   27,338 
   24,045 
   22,416 

 $ 22,125 
   20,849 
   22,310 
   26,009 
   30,013 
   25,724 
   16,442 
   25,887 

 $ 22,165 
   20,955 
   22,448 
   26,153 
   30,464 
   28,042 
   20,137 
   21,172 
   28,860 

As of December 31,
2023

Cumulative
Number of
Reported
Claims

3,560 
3,537 
3,862 
3,813 
3,651 
3,606 
2,517 
2,774 
2,845 
2,558 

IBNR
Reserves   
 $

— 
— 
— 
1 
323 
397 
1,010 
1,899 
3,093 
   16,714 

2023  
 $ 22,095 
   21,021 
   22,448 
   26,231 
   31,135 
   28,513 
   21,164 
   24,957 
   27,293 
   33,266 
 $ 258,123 

 $

Accident Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

Automobile Physical Damage

2014    
6,822 

Cumulative Paid Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
2022    

2015    

2016    

2017    

2018    

2020    

2021    

2019    

 $ 13,807 
6,226 

 $ 17,554 
   11,878 
6,796 

 $ 20,177 
   14,938 
   13,141 
7,401 

 $ 20,878 
   17,612 
   16,397 
   16,317 
6,989 

 $ 21,735 
   19,557 
   19,613 
   20,221 
   15,647 
7,305 

 $ 21,813 
   20,234 
   21,408 
   22,778 
   21,121 
   14,694 
5,172 

 $ 21,786 
   20,726 
   21,809 
   25,023 
   24,662 
   19,384 
9,941 
6,242 

 $ 21,958 
   20,904 
   22,448 
   25,712 
   27,671 
   22,868 
   14,693 
   13,918 
7,023 

Liabilities for losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance 

2023  
 $ 22,095 
   21,021 
   22,448 
   26,222 
   29,201 
   26,126 
   18,133 
   19,230 
   18,010 
9,068 
 $ 211,554 
 $ 46,569 

For the Years Ended December 31,

As of December 31, 2023

Incurred Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses,
Net of Reinsurance

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

 $

8,526 

 $

8,026 
10,288 

 $

 $

7,914 
10,080 
14,296 

7,881 
10,047 
13,385 
10,962 

 $

 $

7,873 
10,024 
13,305 
10,648 
6,460 
48,310 

IBNR
Reserves

 $

Cumulative
Number of
Reported
Claims

1,495 
1,642 
1,900 
1,756 
1,401 

1 
3 
4 
33 
96 

Accident Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

Accident Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

Cumulative Paid Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment
Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
2021

2022

2020

2019

  $

6,360    $

8,005    $
8,347     

7,906    $
9,952     
11,993     

7,867    $
10,008     
13,277     
8,475     

     $
Liabilities for losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance    $

46

2023

7,866 
9,992 
13,257 
10,368 
5,397 
46,880 
1,430 

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
      
   
      
      
   
      
      
      
   
      
      
      
      
 
   
      
      
      
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149 
94 
84 
76 
95 
89 
102 
122 
87 

 $

2023  
505 
854 
620 
777 
183 
404 
539 
813 
1,169 
125 
 $ 5,989 
341 
 $ 5,183 

Table of Contents

General Liability

Accident Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

For the Years Ended December 31,

Incurred Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of
Reinsurance

  2014     2015     2016     2017     2018     2019     2020     2021     2022    
 $ 3,744 

 $

 $

 $

 $
501 
   4,421 

 $
557 
   1,037 
   3,119 

 $
476 
   1,227 
   1,148 
   1,490 

 $
406 
   1,044 
736 
488 
   1,656 

 $

497 
867 
608 
513 
333 
   1,916 

523 
855 
621 
738 
198 
707 
   2,223 

519 
855 
619 
738 
128 
455 
670 
   2,567 

511 
870 
620 
839 
183 
515 
657 
   1,329 
   2,770 

As of December 31,
2023

Cumulative
Number of
Reported
Claims

IBNR
Reserves   
 $

2 
— 
— 
— 
— 
117 
(66)   
215 
634 
1,906 

 $

2023  
514 
870 
620 
777 
183 
909 
363 
   1,328 
   2,380 
   2,887 
 $ 10,831 

 $

Accident Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

2014    
171 

 $

 $

 $

 $

2015    
299 
98 

2016    
331 
259 
116 

2017    
369 
464 
203 
75 

Cumulative Paid Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
2022    
502 
854 
620 
741 
183 
354 
462 
646 
402 

2021    
502 
855 
619 
696 
128 
242 
385 
364 

2020    
498 
855 
617 
556 
115 
209 
208 

2019    
493 
863 
608 
365 
90 
41 

2018    
373 
664 
568 
136 
65 

 $

 $

 $

 $

All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance 
Liabilities for losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance 

Surety

Accident Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

For the Years Ended December 31,

Incurred Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of
Reinsurance

 $ 3,130 
   1,902 

  2014     2015     2016     2017     2018     2019     2020     2021     2022    
 $ 2,685 
 $ 3,214 
   1,359 
   1,865 
   3,671 
   3,528 

 $ 2,760 
   1,400 
   1,812 
   4,677 

 $ 2,990 
   1,630 
   3,314 

 $ 2,617 
   1,406 
   1,876 
   3,799 
   1,938 
   2,130 

 $ 2,818 
   1,310 
   1,865 
   3,629 
   1,381 
657 
   2,263 

 $ 2,782 
   1,307 
   1,678 
   3,514 
956 
630 
574 
   2,936 

 $ 2,852 
   1,280 
   1,670 
   3,440 
767 
513 
465 
   1,455 
   3,202 

As of December 31,
2023

Cumulative
Number of
Reported
Claims

54 
50 
47 
67 
64 
32 
23 
35 
50 
108 

IBNR
Reserves   
 $

4 
— 
— 
8 
— 
11 
— 
— 
72 
1,590 

2023  
 $ 2,592 
   1,279 
   1,666 
   3,448 
750 
507 
460 
   1,497 
   2,339 
   2,634 
 $ 17,172 

Accident Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

Cumulative Paid Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
2022    

2015    

2016    

2018    

2014    

  $

1,331    $

2,327    $
641     

2,727    $
856     
1,054     

2019    

2021    

2017    

1,125     
1,772     
3,255     
1,157     

1,128     
1,873     
3,523     
1,454     
259     

2023  
2020    
2,739    $ 2,664    $ 2,593    $ 2,562    $ 2,562    $ 2,568    $ 2,570 
1,279 
1,127     
1,666 
1,732     
3,400 
1,971     
749 
444 
459 
1,496 
2,191 
98 
     $ 14,352 
33 
Liabilities for losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance    $ 2,853 

1,279     
1,670     
3,402     
760     
446     
464     
803     
970     

1,273     
1,677     
3,442     
941     
568     
460     
156     

All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance     

1,271     
1,862     
3,545     
1,361     
395     
97     

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
   
      
   
      
      
   
      
      
      
   
      
      
      
      
   
      
      
      
      
      
   
      
      
      
      
      
      
   
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
   
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
   
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
 
   
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
47

Table of Contents

For the property and casualty lines of business, the number of claims presented above equals the number of occurrences by type of claim reported
to  the  Company.  The  number  of  claims  reported  during  a  given  year  corresponds  to  the  number  of  claims  records  opened  during  the  year.  Frequency
information is maintained on a cumulative basis by accident year by line of business. For automobile claims, a claim count is separately maintained for
bodily  injury,  property  damage  and  physical  damage  claims.  The  Company  has  consistently  monitored  claim  frequency  on  this  basis,  and  believes  this
provides more meaningful information than using claimant count which can change over the course of settling a claim.

In general, when a claim is reported, claims representatives establish a “case reserve” for the estimated amount of the ultimate payment based on
the  known  information  of  the  claim  at  that  time.  Claims  managers  review  and  monitor  all  property  and  casualty  claims  in  excess  of  $25,000.  As  new
information becomes available or payments are made on a claim, the case reserve is adjusted to reflect the revised estimate of the ultimate amount to be
paid out. Estimates and assumptions pertaining to individual claims are based on complex and subjective judgments and subject to change at any time as
new information becomes available.

In addition to case reserves, IBNR reserves are established to provide for claims which have not been reported to the Company as of the reporting
date  as  well  as  potential  adverse  development  on  known  case  reserves.  IBNR  reserve  estimates  are  derived  through  a  number  of  analytical  techniques.
Actuarial data is analyzed by line of business, coverage and accident year. Qualitative factors are also considered in determining IBNR reserves and include
such factors as judicial decisions, general economic trends such as inflation, changes in policy forms, and underwriting changes. Reserves are reviewed
quarterly and any indicated adjustments are made.

Because  of  the  inherent  uncertainties  in  establishing  both  case  and  IBNR  reserves,  ultimate  loss  experience  may  prove  better  or  worse  than
indicated by the combined claim reserves. Adjustments to claim reserves are reflected in the period recognized and could increase or decrease earnings for
the period.

The following is supplementary information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2023.

Reserve Line
Medicare Supplement
Automobile Liability
Automobile Physical

Damage

General Liability
Surety

  1st Year  

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance (Unaudited)
  9th Year 
  2nd Year 

  6th Year 

  7th Year 

  8th Year 

  5th Year 

  3rd Year 

  4th Year 

  10th Year 

81.9%   
26.9%   

17.1%   
29.8%   

0.2%   
17.3%   

0.0%   
12.6%   

0.0%   
8.3%   

0.0%   
3.3%   

0.0%   
1.9%   

83.5%   
21.9%   
50.4%   

16.1%   
22.2%   
41.5%   

-0.3%   
21.2%   
14.5%   

-0.3%   
14.6%   
-10.6%   

0.0%   
13.1%   
-5.1%   

0.0%   
5.7%   
-1.1%   

0.0%   
1.4%   
-0.4%   

0.0%   
0.2%   

0.0%   
0.2%   
0.1%   

0.0%   
0.7%   

0.0%   
0.0%   
0.1%   

0.0%
0.6%

0.0%
0.6%
0.1%

The  reconciliation  of  the  net  incurred  and  paid  claims  development  tables  to  the  liability  for  losses,  claims  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  is  as

follows:

Net outstanding liabilities
Medicare Supplement
Automobile Liability
Automobile Physical Damage
General Liability
Surety
Other short-duration insurance lines

Liabilities for unpaid losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses:

Medicare Supplement
Automobile Liability
Automobile Physical Damage
General Liability
Other short-duration insurance lines

Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses

Unallocated claims adjustment expenses

  December 31, 2023 

  $

12,284 
46,569 
1,430 
5,183 
2,853 
2,391 
70,710 

8,263 
3,870 
303 
2,242 
— 
14,678 

2,090 

Total gross liability for unpaid losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses

  $

87,478 

48

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
  
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
  
   
 
   
  
Table of Contents

Note 7.

Reinsurance

In accordance with general practice in the insurance industry, portions of the life, property and casualty insurance written by the Company are
reinsured;  however,  the  Company  remains  liable  with  respect  to  reinsurance  ceded  should  any  reinsurer  be  unable  or  unwilling  to  meet  its  obligations.
Approximately 99.7% of the Company’s reinsurance recoverables were due from a single reinsurer as of December 31, 2023. Reinsurance recoverables of
$21,041 were due from General Re Corporation, rated “AA+” by Standard & Poor’s and “A++” (Superior) by A.M. Best. Allowances for uncollectible
amounts are established against reinsurance recoverables, if appropriate.

Property and Casualty Operations

American Southern’s basic reinsurance treaties generally cover all claims in excess of specified per occurrence limitations. Limits per occurrence
within the reinsurance treaties are as follows: Inland marine and commercial automobile physical damage - $225,000 excess of $125,000 retention; and
automobile  liability  and  general  liability  -  excess  coverage  of  $2.0  million  less  retentions  that  may  vary  from  $150,000  to  $500,000  depending  on  the
account. American Southern maintains a property catastrophe treaty with a $5.5 million limit excess of $500,000 retention. American Southern also issues
individual surety bonds with face amounts generally up to $1.5 million, and limited to $5.0 million in aggregate per account, that are not reinsured.

Life and Health Operations

Bankers Fidelity has entered into reinsurance contracts ceding the excess of its life retention. Maximum retention by Bankers Fidelity on any one
individual  life  insurance  policyholder  is  $200,000.  As  of  December  31,  2023,  $8.3  million  of  the  $814.2  million  of  life  insurance  in  force  at  Bankers
Fidelity was reinsured under a combination of coinsurance and yearly renewable term agreements. Certain prior year reinsurance agreements also remain in
force although they no longer provide reinsurance for new business.

Bankers Fidelity has also entered into a reinsurance contract ceding excess new Medicare Supplement business to General Re Life Corporation.
Ceding thresholds are set annually. During 2023, the liability of the reinsurer was 50% of all new Medicare Supplement business issued by the Company on
amounts up to a maximum retention of $15.0 million of annualized premium. Accordingly, $0.8 million of the Company’s $1.5 million of new annualized
Medicare Supplement premium was ceded.

The effects of reinsurance on premiums written, premiums earned and insurance benefits and losses incurred were as follows:

For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Bankers
Fidelity

American
Southern

Total

Direct premiums written
Assumed premiums written
Ceded premiums written
Net premiums written

Direct premiums earned
Assumed premiums earned
Ceded premiums earned
Net premiums earned

Provision for benefits and losses incurred
Reinsurance loss recoveries

Insurance benefits and losses incurred

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

49,580 
27,987 
(5,902)
71,665 

46,349 
27,996 
(5,902)
68,443 

52,899 
(1,884)
51,015 

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

166,093 
29 
(55,933)   
 $
110,189 

166,368 
7 

 $

(55,993)   
 $
110,382 

110,995 
 $
(39,510)   
 $
71,485 

215,673 
28,016 
(61,835)
181,854 

212,717 
28,003 
(61,895)
178,825 

163,894 
(41,394)
122,500 

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Direct premiums written
Assumed premiums written
Ceded premiums written
Net premiums written

Direct premiums earned
Assumed premiums earned
Ceded premiums earned
Net premiums earned

Provision for benefits and losses incurred
Reinsurance loss recoveries

Insurance benefits and losses incurred

Components of reinsurance receivables at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

Recoverable on unpaid losses, net of allowance
Recoverable on unpaid benefits
Recoverable on paid losses
Ceded unearned premiums
Ceded advanced premiums

Total reinsurance receivables

Recoverable on unpaid losses
Recoverable on unpaid benefits
Recoverable on paid losses
Ceded unearned premiums
Ceded advanced premiums

Total reinsurance receivables

Note 8.

Income Taxes

Total income taxes were allocated as follows:

Total tax expense (benefit) on income

Tax expense (benefit) on components of shareholders’ equity:

Net unrealized income (losses) on investment securities

Total tax expense (benefit)

50

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Bankers
Fidelity

American
Southern

Total

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

52,404 
26,814 
(6,547)
72,671 

51,844 
24,978 
(6,546)
70,276 

49,568 
(2,393)
47,175 

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

176,119 
9 

 $

(61,701)   
 $
114,427 

176,995 
8 

 $

(61,839)   
 $
115,164 

 $
124,478 
(48,197)   
 $
76,281 

228,523 
26,823 
(68,248)
187,098 

228,839 
24,986 
(68,385)
185,440 

174,046 
(50,590)
123,456 

American
Southern

December 31, 2023
Bankers
Fidelity

6,415 
— 
— 
— 
— 
6,415 

 $

 $

8,263 
5,470 
108 
621 
226 
14,688 

American
Southern

December 31, 2022
Bankers
Fidelity

8,265 
— 
— 
— 
— 
8,265 

 $

 $

9,382 
6,788 
618 
681 
179 
17,648 

 $

 $

 $

 $

Total

14,678 
5,470 
108 
621 
226 
21,103 

Total

17,647 
6,788 
618 
681 
179 
25,913 

2023

2022

(394)  $

571 

1,602 
1,208 

 $

(10,589)
(10,018)

 $

 $

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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A reconciliation of the differences between income taxes computed at the federal statutory income tax rate and the income tax expense (benefit) is

as follows:

Federal income tax provision at the statutory rate
Statutory rate

Dividends-received deduction
Meals and entertainment
Vested stock and club dues
Parking disallowance
Penalties and fines
Adjustment for prior years’ estimates to actual

Income tax expense (benefit)

Effective tax rate

2023

2022

 $

 $

(119)

 $
21%   

(24)
15 
16 
17 
— 
(299)
(394)

 $

440 
21%

(24)
61 
14 
17 
149 
(86)
571 

69.7%   

27.2%

The primary difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate for 2023 resulted from the adjustment for prior
years’ estimates to actual of $299 in the year ended December 31, 2023, which included the return to provision adjustment that is generally updated at the
completion of the third quarter of each fiscal year and an adjustment for partnership valuation. Also contributing to the differences between the effective
tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate was a permanent difference related to meals and entertainment.

The primary differences between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate for 2022 resulted from a permanent difference
related to penalties and fines incurred of $149.  Also contributing to differences between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate were
the adjustment for prior years’ estimates to actual that are generally updated at the completion of the third quarter of each fiscal year and were $86 in the
year ended December 31, 2022. Other contributing factors to the differences between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate were
permanent  differences  related  to  meals  and  entertainment  and  the  dividends-received  deduction  (“DRD”).  The  current  estimated  DRD  is  adjusted  as
underlying  factors  change  and  can  vary  from  estimates  based  on,  but  not  limited  to,  actual  distributions  from  investments  as  well  as  the  amount  of  the
Company’s taxable income.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were comprised of the following:

Deferred tax assets:

Deferred acquisition costs
Net unrealized investment losses
Insurance reserves
Impaired assets
Bad debts and other
Net operating loss

Total deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities:

Deferred and uncollected premiums
Net unrealized investment gains
Other

Total deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax asset

The components of income tax expense (benefit) were:

Current – Federal
Deferred – Federal

Total

2023

2022

 $

8,808 
3,342 
2,898 
791 
337 
559 
16,735 

(1,053)  $
— 
—   
(1,053)   
 $
15,682 

7,953 
4,489 
1,597 
791 
252 
— 
15,082 

(835)
— 
(84)
(919)
14,163 

2023

2022

 $
2,727 
(3,121)   
(394)  $

2,390 
(1,819)
571 

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

The Company has formal tax-sharing agreements, and files a consolidated income tax return, with its subsidiaries. Tax years 2020, 2021 and 2022

are considered open tax years that remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

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Note 9.

Credit Arrangements

As expected, discontinuation of London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) occurred on June 30, 2023 (“LIBOR Cessation Date”) and affected
the rates used in the Company’s credit arrangements after that date. On March 15, 2022, the U.S. Congress enacted the Adjustable Interest Rate LIBOR Act
(the “LIBOR Act”) to address LIBOR’s cessation and to establish a clear and uniform process for replacing the overnight and one-, three-, six- and 12-
month tenors of USD LIBOR in existing contracts that do not provide for the use of a clearly defined or practicable replacement benchmark rate (“tough
legacy contracts”).  Further, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System issued regulations, 12 C.F.R. Part 253, “Regulations Implementing the
Adjustable Interest Rate LIBOR Act (Regulation ZZ),” which relate to the LIBOR transition.

Bank Debt

On  May  12,  2021,  the  Company  entered  into  a  Revolving  Credit  Agreement  (the  “Credit  Agreement”)  with  Truist  Bank  as  the  lender  (the
“Lender”). The Credit Agreement provides for an unsecured $10,000 revolving credit facility that matures on April 12, 2024. Prior to July 1, 2023, the
Company paid interest on the unpaid principal balance of outstanding revolving loans at the 1-month LIBOR Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement)
plus 2.00%, subject to a LIBOR floor rate of 1.00%. Effective July 1, 2023, the interest rate on the unpaid principal balance of outstanding revolving loans
is  determined  based  on  a  reference  rate  of  the  1-month  Term  Secured  Overnight  Financing  Rate  (“SOFR”)  published  by  Chicago  Mercantile  Exchange
Group Benchmark Administration Limited (“CME”) (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus a spread adjustment of 0.11448% plus 2.00%, subject to a
SOFR floor rate of 1.00%.

The Credit Agreement requires the Company to comply with certain covenants, including a debt to capital ratio that restricts the Company from
incurring  consolidated  indebtedness  that  exceeds  35%  of  the  Company’s  consolidated  capitalization  at  any  time.  The  Credit  Agreement  also  contains
customary  representations  and  warranties  and  events  of  default.  Events  of  default  include,  among  others,  (a)  the  failure  by  the  Company  to  pay  any
amounts owed under the Credit Agreement when due, (b) the failure to perform and not timely remedy certain covenants, (c) a change in control of the
Company and (d) the occurrence of bankruptcy or insolvency events. Upon an event of default, the Lender may, among other things, declare all obligations
under the Credit Agreement immediately due and payable and terminate the revolving commitments. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company
had outstanding borrowings of $3,019 and $2,009, respectively, under the Credit Agreement.

Junior Subordinated Debentures

The Company has two unconsolidated Connecticut statutory business trusts, which exist for the exclusive purposes of: (i) issuing trust preferred
securities (“Trust Preferred Securities”) representing undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the trusts; (ii) investing the gross proceeds of the Trust
Preferred Securities in junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (“Junior Subordinated Debentures”) of the Company; and (iii) engaging in those
activities necessary or incidental thereto. At December 31, 2023, the effective interest rate was 9.69%.

The outstanding $18.0 million and $15.7 million of Junior Subordinated Debentures mature on December 4, 2032 and May 15, 2033, respectively,
are callable quarterly, in whole or in part, only at the option of the Company. Prior to July 1, 2023, the interest rate was based on 3-month LIBOR plus an
applicable margin. The margin ranges from 4.00% to 4.10%. Effective July 1, 2023, the interest rate is determined based on a reference rate of the 3-month
SOFR plus applicable tenor spread of 0.26161 percent plus an applicable margin, ranging from 4.00% to 4.10%.

The financial structure of each of Atlantic American Statutory Trust I and II, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, was as follows:

JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES(1)(2)
Balance December 31, 2023
Less: Treasury debt(3)
Net balance December 31, 2023
Net balance December 31, 2022

Coupon rate
Interest payable
Maturity date
Redeemable by issuer
TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES
Issuance date
Securities issued
Liquidation preference per security
Liquidation value

Coupon rate
Distribution payable
Distribution guaranteed by(4)

52

Atlantic American
Statutory Trust I

Atlantic American
Statutory Trust II

  $

  $
  $

18,042    $
—     
18,042    $
18,042    $

3-Month SOFR + 0.26161

spread adj + 4.00%   
Quarterly   
December 4, 2032   
Yes   

23,196 
(7,500)
15,696 
15,696 
3-Month SOFR + 0.26161
spread adj + 4.10% 
Quarterly 
May 15, 2033 
Yes 

  $
  $

December 4, 2002   

17,500     
1    $
17,500    $

May 15, 2003 
22,500 
1 
22,500 
3-Month SOFR + 0.26161
spread adj + 4.10% 
Quarterly 
  Atlantic American Corporation    Atlantic American Corporation

spread adj + 4.00%   
Quarterly   

3-Month SOFR + 0.26161

 
 
 
   
 
 
     
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
      
  
 
   
 
 
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(1) For  each  of  the  respective  debentures,  the  Company  has  the  right  at  any  time,  and  from  time  to  time,  to  defer  payments  of  interest  on  the  Junior
Subordinated Debentures for a period not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters up to the debentures’ respective maturity dates. During any such period,
interest will continue to accrue and the Company may not declare or pay any cash dividends or distributions on, or purchase, the Company’s common
stock  nor  make  any  principal,  interest  or  premium  payments  on  or  repurchase  any  debt  securities  that  rank  equally  with  or  junior  to  the  Junior
Subordinated Debentures. The Company has the right at any time to dissolve each of the trusts and cause the Junior Subordinated Debentures to be
distributed to the holders of the Trust Preferred Securities.

(2) The  Junior  Subordinated  Debentures  are  unsecured  and  rank  junior  and  subordinate  in  right  of  payment  to  all  senior  debt  of  the  Parent  and  are

effectively subordinated to all existing and future liabilities of its subsidiaries.
(3) In 2014, the Company acquired $7,500 of the Junior Subordinated Debentures.
(4) The Parent has guaranteed, on a subordinated basis, all of the obligations under the Trust Preferred Securities, including payment of the redemption

price and any accumulated and unpaid distributions to the extent of available funds and upon dissolution, winding up or liquidation.

Note 10.

Leases

The  Company  has  two  operating  lease  agreements,  each  for  the  use  of  office  space  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business.  The  first  lease  renews
annually on an automatic basis and based on original assumptions, management is reasonably certain to exercise the renewal option through 2026. The
original  term  of  the  second  lease  was  ten  years  and  amended  in  January  2017  to  provide  for  an  additional  seven  years,  with  a  termination  date  on
September 30, 2026. The rate used in determining the present value of lease payments is based upon an estimate of the Company’s incremental secured
borrowing rate commensurate with the term of the underlying lease.

These leases are accounted for as operating leases, whereby lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease

expense reported for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $1,014.

Additional information regarding the Company’s real estate operating leases is as follows:

Other information on operating leases:
Cash payments included in the measurement of lease liabilities reported in operating cash flows
Right-of-use assets included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet
Weighted average discount rate
Weighted average remaining lease term in years

The following table presents maturities and present value of the Company’s lease liabilities:

Year Ended
December 31, 2023 

Year Ended
December 31, 2022 

 $

1,048 
2,614 

6.8%   

2.9 years 

1,031 
3,405 

6.8%

3.9 years 

2024
2025
2026
Thereafter

Total undiscounted lease payments

Less: present value adjustment

Operating lease liability included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheet

As of December 31, 2023, the Company has no operating leases that have not yet commenced.

 Note 11.

Benefit Plans

Equity Incentive Plan

  Lease Liability 
1,065 
 $
1,083 
942 
— 
3,090 
293 
2,797 

 $

On May 1, 2012, the Company’s shareholders approved the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan authorized the grant of
up to 2,000,000 stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units and other awards
for the purpose of providing the Company’s non-employee directors, consultants, officers and other employees incentives and rewards for performance and
service. The 2012 Plan expired on April 30, 2022, ten years after its effective date.  As such, no grants have been or will be made under the 2012 Plan on or
after its expiration, but outstanding awards granted thereunder will continue in accordance with their terms.

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On May 24, 2022, the Company’s shareholders approved the 2022 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2022 Plan”). The 2022 Plan
authorizes the grant of up to 3,000,000 stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance
units and other awards, and succeeded the 2012 Plan for the purpose of providing the Company’s non-employee directors, consultants, officers and other
employees incentives and rewards for performance and service.

During the year ended 2023, there were no restricted shares issued under the 2022 Plan. During the year ended 2022, a total of 40,000 restricted
shares, with an estimated fair value of $122 were issued under the 2022 Plan, and a total of 25,000 restricted shares, with an estimated fair value of $71
were issued under the 2012 Plan. The estimated fair value of the restricted shares issued was based on the common stock price at date of grant. Stock grants
are  generally  issued  from  treasury  shares.  Vesting  of  restricted  shares  generally  occurs  after  a  one to three year period following the date of grant. The
Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. There were no stock options granted or outstanding under the 2022 Plan in 2023 or 2022. There were no
stock options granted or outstanding under the 2012 Plan in 2022.

Shares available for future grant under the 2022 Plan at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were 2,960,000.

401(k) Plan

The Company initiated an employees’ savings plan (the “Plan”) qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code in May 1995. The
Plan covers substantially all of the Company’s employees. Effective January 1, 2009, the Company modified the Plan such that the Plan would operate on a
safe harbor basis. Under the Plan, employees may defer up to 50% of their compensation, not to exceed the annual deferral limit. The Company’s total
matching  contribution  for  2023  and  2022  was  $283  and  $255,  respectively,  and  consisted  of  a  contribution  equal  to  35%  of  up  to  the  first  6%  of  each
participant’s contributions. In addition to the matching contribution, the Company also provided a 3% safe harbor non-elective contribution in 2023 and
2022  of  $629  and  $569,  respectively.  All  contributions  were  made  in  cash.  Participants  are  100%  vested  in  their  own  contributions  and  the  vested
percentage attributable to certain employer contributions is based on a five-year graded schedule.

Agent Stock Purchase Plan

The  Company  initiated  a  nonqualified  stock  purchase  plan  (the  “Agent  Stock  Purchase  Plan”)  in  May  2012.  The  purpose  of  the  Agent  Stock
Purchase Plan is to promote and advance the interests of the Company and its shareholders by providing independent agents who qualify as participants
with an opportunity to purchase the common stock of the Company. Under the Agent Stock Purchase Plan, payment for shares of common stock of the
Company is made by either deduction from an agent’s commission payment or a direct cash payment. Stock purchases are made at the end of each calendar
quarter at the then current market value.

 Note 12.

Preferred Stock

The  Company  had  55,000  shares  of  Series  D  preferred  stock  (“Series  D  Preferred  Stock”)  outstanding  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022,
respectively.  All  of  the  shares  of  Series  D  Preferred  Stock  are  held  by  an  affiliate  of  the  Company’s  controlling  shareholder.  The  outstanding  shares of
Series D Preferred Stock have a par value of $1 per share and a redemption value of $100 per share; accrue annual dividends at a rate of $7.25 per share
(payable  in  cash  or  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  at  the  option  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Company)  and  are  cumulative.  In  certain
circumstances,  the  shares  of  the  Series  D  Preferred  Stock  may  be  convertible  into  an  aggregate  of  approximately  1,378,000  shares  of  the  Company’s
common stock, subject to certain adjustments and provided that such adjustments do not result in the Company issuing more than approximately 2,703,000
shares of common stock without obtaining prior shareholder approval; and are redeemable solely at the Company’s option. The Series D Preferred Stock is
not  currently  convertible.  The  Company  had  accrued,  but  unpaid,  dividends,  on  the  Series  D  Preferred  Stock  of  $18  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022.
During each of 2023 and 2022, the Company paid Series D Preferred Stock dividends of $399.

Note 13.

Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per share was computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common

shares outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted earnings per share reflected the effect of potentially dilutive securities.

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A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the income per common share calculations is as follows:

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share
Net loss before preferred stock dividends
Less preferred stock dividends

Net loss applicable to common shareholders

Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share
Net income before preferred stock dividends
Less preferred stock dividends

Net income applicable to common shareholders

 $

 $

 $

 $

For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Weighted
Average Shares
Outstanding
(In thousands)    

Per Share
Amount

Income

(171)   
(399)   
(570)   

20,404 
— 
20,404 

-

 $

(0.03)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Weighted
Average Shares
Outstanding
(In thousands)    

Per Share
Amount

Income

1,525 
(399)   
1,126 

20,390 
— 
20,390 

 $

-

0.06 

The assumed conversion of the Company’s Series D Preferred Stock was excluded from the earnings per common share calculation for 2023 and

2022 since its impact would have been antidilutive.

 Note 14.

Statutory Reporting

The assets, liabilities and results of operations have been reported on the basis of GAAP, which varies in some respects from statutory accounting
practices (“SAP”) prescribed or permitted by insurance regulatory authorities. The principal differences between SAP and GAAP are that under SAP: (i)
carrying value of certain investments differ on a GAAP versus SAP basis, such as fixed maturities that are shown at amortized cost for SAP versus fair
value for GAAP (ii)  certain assets that are non-admitted assets are eliminated from the balance sheet; (iii) acquisition costs for policies are expensed as
incurred, while they are deferred and amortized over the estimated life of the policies under GAAP; (iv) the provision that is made for deferred income
taxes  is  different  than  under  GAAP;  (v)  the  timing  and  methodology  of  establishing  certain  reserves  is  different  than  under  GAAP;  (vi)  reinsurance  is
shown  net  on  balance  sheet  for  SAP  and  (vii)  certain  valuation  allowances  attributable  to  certain  investments  are  required  under  SAP  such  as  asset
valuation reserve and interest maintenance reserve.

The Company meets the minimum capital requirements in the states in which it does business. The amount of reported statutory net income and

capital and surplus (shareholders’ equity) for the Parent’s insurance subsidiaries for the years ended December 31 was as follows:

Bankers Fidelity, net income
American Southern, net income

Statutory net income

Bankers Fidelity, capital and surplus
American Southern, capital and surplus

Statutory capital and surplus

2023

2022

7,017 
3,964 
10,981 

38,299 
51,774 
90,073 

 $

 $

 $

 $

3,865 
5,743 
9,608 

36,672 
53,023 
89,695 

 $

 $

 $

 $

Under  the  insurance  code  of  the  state  in  which  each  insurance  subsidiary  is  domiciled,  dividend  payments  to  the  Parent  by  its  insurance
subsidiaries are subject to certain limitations without the prior approval of the applicable state’s Insurance Commissioner. The Parent received dividends of
$8,400  and  $7,200  in  the  years  ended  2023  and  2022,  respectively,  from  its  subsidiaries.  In  2024,  dividend  payments  to  the  Parent  by  the  insurance
subsidiaries in excess of $8,757 would require prior approval.

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Note 15.

Related Party Transactions

In the normal course of business the Company has engaged in transactions with entities affiliated with the controlling shareholder of the Company.
These transactions include the leasing of office space, certain investing and financing activities, as well as inconsequential administrative and consulting
services. At December 31, 2023, two members of the Company’s board of directors, including the Company’s Chairman, President and Chief Executive
Officer, were considered to be affiliates of the majority shareholder.

The Company leases approximately 49,586 square feet of office and covered garage space from one such controlled entity. During the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company paid $1,199 and $880, respectively, under this lease.   In December 2022, Delta Life Insurance Company, the
owner  of  the  building,  transferred  title  to  the  building  to  4370  Peachtree  LLC.  Each  of  Delta  Life  Insurance  Company  and  4370  Peachtree  LLC  is
controlled by an affiliate of the Company.

Certain financing for the Company has also been provided by this entity in the form of an investment in the Series D Preferred Stock (See Note

12). During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company paid this entity $399 in dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock.

Certain members of the Company’s management and board of directors are shareholders and on the board of directors of Gray Television, Inc.
(“Gray”). As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company owned 880,272 shares of Gray Class A common stock and 106,000 shares of Gray common
stock. The aggregate carrying value of these investments in Gray at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $8,490 and $10,772, respectively.

In each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, Gray paid the Company approximately $2,050 and $1,708 in insurance premiums related

to certain voluntary employee benefit plans.

Note 16.

Segment Information

The Parent’s primary insurance subsidiaries operate with relative autonomy and each company is evaluated based on its individual performance.
American Southern operates in the property and casualty insurance market, while Bankers Fidelity operates in the life and health insurance market. Each
segment derives revenue from the collection of premiums, as well as from investment income. Substantially all revenue other than that in the corporate and
other segment is from external sources.

Insurance premiums, net
Insurance benefits and losses incurred
Expenses deferred
Amortization and depreciation expense
Other expenses
Total expenses
Underwriting income
Net investment income (loss)
Other income (loss)
Subtotal
Net realized gains
Unrealized losses on equity securities
Income (loss) before income taxes

Total revenues

Intangibles

Total assets

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

American
Southern

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

68,443 
51,015 
(8,689)
8,389 
17,046 
67,761 
682 
4,507 
7 
5,196 
— 
(111)
5,085 

72,846 

1,350 

149,236 

56

For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Corporate
& Other

Bankers
Fidelity

Adjustments

 $

110,382 
71,485 
(9,320)   
8,050 
39,262 
109,477 
905 
5,755 
7 
6,667 
70 
(2,015)   
 $
4,722 

114,199 

1,194 

203,079 

 $

 $

 $

 $

& Eliminations    Consolidated  
178,825 
 $
122,500 
(18,009)
16,948 
65,919 
187,358 
1,587 
10,058 
17 
1,542 
70 
(2,177)
(565)

— 
— 
— 
— 
(12,264)   
(12,264)   
— 
(3,529)   
(8,735)   
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
509 
21,875 
22,384 
— 
3,325 
8,738 
(10,321)   
— 
(51)   
(10,372)  $

 $

12,012 

— 

146,585 

 $

 $

 $

(12,264)  $

186,793 

— 

 $

2,544 

(117,635)  $

381,265 

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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Insurance premiums, net
Insurance benefits and losses incurred
Expenses deferred
Amortization and depreciation expense
Other expenses
Total expenses
Underwriting income
Net investment income (loss)
Other income (loss)
Subtotal
Net realized gains (losses)
Unrealized losses on equity securities
Income (loss) before income taxes

Total revenues

Intangibles

Total assets

Note 17.

Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

American
Southern

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Corporate
& Other

Bankers
Fidelity

Adjustments

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

70,276 
47,175 
(10,161)
10,240 
20,082 
67,336 
2,940 
4,147 
3 
7,090 
(28)
(449)
6,613 

73,949 

1,350 

144,455 

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

115,164 
76,281 
(12,867)   
9,452 
37,337 
110,203 
4,961 
5,414 
8 
10,383 
58 
(6,629)   
 $
3,812 

114,015 

1,194 

195,028 

 $

 $

 $

 $

& Eliminations    Consolidated  
185,440 
 $
123,456 
(23,028)
20,190 
65,137 
185,755 
7,901 
9,932 
11 
9,628 
30 
(7,562)
2,096 

— 
— 
— 
— 
(9,714)   
(9,714)   
— 
(2,090)   
(7,624)   
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
498 
17,432 
17,930 
— 
2,461 
7,624 
(7,845)   
— 
(484)   
(8,329)  $

 $

9,601 

— 

140,661 

 $

 $

 $

(9,714)  $

187,851 

— 

 $

2,544 

(113,080)  $

367,064 

From time to time, the Company is, and expects to continue to be, involved in various claims and lawsuits incidental to and arising in the ordinary
course of its business. In the opinion of management, any such known claims are not expected to have a material effect on the financial condition or results
of operations of the Company.

Regulatory Matters

Like  all  domestic  insurance  companies,  the  Company’s  insurance  subsidiaries  are  subject  to  regulation  and  supervision  in  the  jurisdictions  in
which they do business. Statutes typically delegate regulatory, supervisory, and administrative powers to state insurance commissioners. From time to time,
and in the ordinary course of business, the Company receives notices and inquiries from state insurance departments with respect to various matters. In the
opinion of management, any such known regulatory matters are not expected to have a material effect on the financial condition or results of operations of
the Company.

Note 18.

Subsequent Events

On April 1, 2024, the Company announced that the board of directors declared an annual cash dividend of $0.02 per share of common stock that is

payable to shareholders of record at the close of business on April 12, 2024.

On  March  22,  2024,  the  Company  entered  into  a  First  Amendment  (the  "Amendment")  to  its  Revolving  Credit  Agreement  (as  amended,  the
“Credit  Agreement”)  with  Truist  Bank  as  the  lender  (the  “Lender”).  The  Amendment,  among  other  things,  (a)  updates  the  interest  rate  provisions  to
memorialize that the Company pays interest on the unpaid principal balance of outstanding revolving loans at the Adjusted Term SOFR rate (as defined in
the  Credit  Agreement),  plus  2.00%,  (b)  extends  the  maturity  date  of  the  revolving  credit  facility  to  March  22,  2027  and  (c)  requires  that  the  Company
maintain a consolidated net worth of not less than $64.2 million. Except as modified by the Amendment, the existing terms of the Credit Agreement remain
in effect.

On  February  21,  2024,  a  third-party  service  provider  the  Company  utilizes  for  certain  medical  network  claims  data  identified  a  cybersecurity
incident, resulting in disruption of services.  In response to the incident the Company examined our data and systems thoroughly and has not detected any
breach of our systems.  Subsequent to the incident, the Company transitioned to an alternative service provider as a permanent solution. We do not believe
the cybersecurity incident at our third-party service provider materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect the Company or our business
strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.

57

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
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Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company.
The  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  system  has  been  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  and  the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Management recognizes that there
are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control system. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may
not  prevent  or  detect  all  misstatements.  Furthermore,  the  application  of  any  evaluations  of  effectiveness  on  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that
controls  may  become  inadequate  because  of  changes  in  conditions,  or  that  the  degree  of  compliance  with  the  policies  or  procedures  may  deteriorate.
Therefore,  even  those  systems  determined  to  be  effective  can  provide  only  reasonable  assurance  with  respect  to  financial  statement  preparation  and
presentation.

As  of  the  end  of  the  period  covered  by  this  report,  an  evaluation  was  performed  under  the  supervision  and  with  the  participation  of  our
management,  including  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  of  the  effectiveness  of  the  design  and  operation  of  the  Company’s
disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  defined  in  Rules  13a-15(e)  and  15d-15(e)  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934).  Based  on  that  evaluation,
management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of
that date due to a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting described below.

58

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Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 based upon the criteria
set  forth  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (COSO)  in  the  updated  2013  Internal  Control  –
Integrated Framework. Based on that evaluation, management believes that internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange
Act Rule 13a-15(f) was not effective as of December 31, 2023, as a result of the material weakness described below.  A material weakness is a deficiency,
or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our
annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

As  a  result  of  management’s  evaluation,  we  identified  certain  deficiencies  in  internal  control  that  we  believe  rise  to  the  level  of  a  material
weakness.    Specifically,  management  determined  that  the  design  of  the  controls  surrounding  the  process  of  reviewing  insurance  reserves  and  deferred
acquisition  costs  within  the  Company’s  life  and  health  segment  was  not  effective.    This  deficiency  in  design  did  not  enable  the  timely  detection  of
anomalies in these values at the level of precision necessary to detect misstated values that may be material.

Notwithstanding  these  deficiencies,  management  believes  that,  because  of  the  actions  taken  by  management  in  identifying,  and  to  address  and
correct, these deficiencies prior to the completion and filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the effective operation of other internal controls over
financial reporting, the material weakness did not result in any identified material misstatements to our financial statements.  As a result, there were no
changes to any of our historical financial statements.

Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

This  Annual  Report  does  not  include  an  attestation  report  of  the  Company’s  independent  registered  public  accounting  firm  regarding  internal
control  over  financial  reporting.  Management’s  report  was  not  subject  to  attestation  by  the  Company’s  independent  registered  public  accounting  firm
pursuant to certain rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that exempt non-accelerated filers, including the Company, from such requirement.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There  were  no  changes  in  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  during  the  quarter  ended  December  31,  2023  that  have

materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

The Company is currently in the process of remediating the material weakness as described above, which remediation efforts began in the quarter
ended  March  31,  2024  and  include  developing  and  implementing  enhanced  controls  related  to  the  review  of  values  that  are  estimated  using  actuarial
models.  The enhancements include implementing reviews at the product level where management evaluates, for each of the Company’s life and health
products, the components of underwriting income and how they interrelate.  In addition, calculations that are independent from the actuarial models will,
once fully developed, validate that the product parameters and actuarial assumptions are completely and accurately reflected within the actuarial models.

The Company has also initiated the development of an array of analytical reports that will help facilitate the timely detection of anomalous values
within the Company’s life and health segment.  It is currently expected that these reports will be operational by September 30, 2024.  These reports will
include  reconciliations  of  actuarial  values  from  quarter  to  quarter,  utilizing  values  estimated  via  the  actuarial  models  and  values  that  are  produced  by
accounting processes.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

No system of controls, no matter how well designed and implemented, can provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the system of controls
are met.  Furthermore, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and any instances of fraud within a company have
been detected.

Item 9B.

Other Information

None of the Company's directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement

during the quarter ended December 31, 2023, as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 9C.

Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.

59

Table of Contents

PART III

With the exception of certain information relating to the executive officers of the Company, which is provided in Part I hereof, the information
relating to securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans and the information relating to the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and
Ethics, each of which is included below, all information required by Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Form 10-K) is incorporated by reference to the
sections  entitled  “Election  of  Directors,”  “Security  Ownership  of  Certain  Beneficial  Owners  and  Management,”  “Delinquent  Section  16(a)  Reports”  (if
applicable), “Executive Compensation,” “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions" and “Ratification of the Appointment of the Company's
Independent  Registered  Public  Accounting  Firm”  to  be  contained  in  the  Company’s  definitive  proxy  statement  in  connection  with  the  Company’s  2024
Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the Company’s fiscal year end.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The  following  table  sets  forth,  as  of  December  31,  2023,  the  number  of  securities  issuable  upon  exercise  of  outstanding  options,  warrants  and
rights,  the  weighted  average  exercise  price  thereof  and  the  number  of  securities  remaining  available  for  future  issuance  under  the  Company’s  equity
compensation plans:

Plan Category
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(1)
Total

Number of
Securities to Be
Issued Upon
Exercise of
Outstanding
Options,
Warrants
and Rights

Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
of Outstanding
Options,
Warrants
and Rights

Number of Securities
Remaining Available
for Future Issuance
Under Equity
Compensation Plans
(Excluding Securities
Reflected in the
First Column)

—    $
—     
—    $

—     
—     
—     

2,960,000 
— 
2,960,000 

(1) All of the Company’s equity compensation plans have been approved by the Company’s shareholders.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

The  Company  has  adopted  a  Code  of  Business  Conduct  and  Ethics  that  applies  to  its  principal  executive  officer,  principal  financial  officer,
principal accounting officer or controller, or any persons performing similar functions, as well as its directors and other employees. A copy of this Code of
Business Conduct and Ethics has been filed as an exhibit to this annual report on Form 10-K.

60

 
   
   
 
   
   
   
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PART IV

Item 15.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) List of documents filed as part of this report:

1. Financial Statements:

See Index to Financial Statements contained in Item 8 hereof.

2. Financial Statement Schedules:

Schedule II - Condensed financial information of the registrant
Schedule III - Supplementary insurance information of the registrant
Schedule IV - Reinsurance information for the registrant
Schedule VI - Supplemental information concerning property-casualty insurance operations of the registrant

Schedules other than those listed above are omitted as they are not required or are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the financial
statements or notes thereto. Columns omitted from schedules filed have been omitted because the information is not applicable.

3. Exhibits *:

3.1

3.2

4.1

10.01

10.02

10.03**

10.04**

10.05

10.06

10.07

10.09

10.10**

14.1

21.1

23.1
31.1

Restated Articles of Incorporation of the registrant, as amended [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2008].
Restated  Bylaws  of  the  registrant,  as  amended  [incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  3.1  to  the  registrant’s  Form  8-K  filed  on  March  4,
2016].
Description  of  the  registrant’s  common  stock  registered  pursuant  to  section  12  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934  [incorporated  by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2020].
Management Agreement, dated July 1, 1993, between the registrant and Atlantic American Life Insurance Company and Bankers Fidelity
Life  Insurance  Company  [incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.41  to  the  registrant’s  Form  10-Q  for  the  quarter  ended  September  30,
1993].
Tax Allocation Agreement, dated as of January 4, 2016, between the registrant and the registrant’s subsidiaries [incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.02 to the registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017].
Atlantic American Corporation 2012 Nonqualified Stock Purchase Plan [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the registrant’s Form
S-8 (File No. 333-183207) filed on August 10, 2012].
Atlantic American Corporation 2012 Equity Incentive Plan [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended March 31, 2013].
Lease Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, between Georgia Casualty & Surety Company, Bankers Fidelity Life Insurance Company,
Atlantic American Corporation and Delta Life Insurance Company [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the registrant’s Form 10-
K for the year ended December 31, 2007].
First Amendment to Lease Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2008, between Georgia Casualty & Surety Company, Bankers Fidelity Life
Insurance Company, Atlantic American Corporation and Delta Life Insurance Company [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the
registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008].
Assignment and Assumption of Leases and Contracts, dated as of December 21, 2022, by and between Delta Life Insurance Company and
4370 Peachtree LLC.

Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of May 12, 2021, by and between Atlantic American Corporation and Truist Bank [incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 13, 2021].
Atlantic American Corporation 2022 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s
Form 8-K filed on May 31, 2022].
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 2003].
Subsidiaries  of  the  registrant  [incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  21.1  to  the  registrant’s  Form  10-K  for  the  year  ended  December  31,
2015].
Consent of FORVIS LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

61

 
 
 
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31.2
32.1
97.1
101.INS

101.SCH
101.CAL
101.DEF
101.LAB
101.PRE
104

Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Atlantic American Corporation Compensation Clawback Policy
Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded
within the Inline XBRL document).
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*

The registrant agrees to furnish to the Commission upon request a copy of any instruments defining the rights of security holders of the registrant that
may be omitted from filing in accordance with the Commission’s rules and regulations.

** Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement.

Item 16.

Form 10-K Summary

None.

62

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed

on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
(Registrant)

By:

/s/ J. Ross Franklin
J. Ross Franklin
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Date: April 1, 2024

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the

registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

Title

Date

/s/ Hilton H. Howell, Jr.
HILTON H. HOWELL, JR.

  President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board

  April 1, 2024

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ J. Ross Franklin
J. ROSS FRANKLIN

/s/ Robin R. Howell
ROBIN R. HOWELL

/s/ Mark E. Preisinger
MARK E. PREISINGER

/s/ Joseph M. Scheerer
JOSEPH M. SCHEERER

/s/ Scott G. Thompson
SCOTT G. THOMPSON

/s/ D. Keehln Wheeler
D. KEEHLN WHEELER

  Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

  Director

  Director

  Director

  Director

  Director

63

  April 1, 2024

  April 1, 2024

  April 1, 2024

  April 1, 2024

  April 1, 2024

  April 1, 2024

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
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Cash and cash equivalents
Investments
Investment in subsidiaries
Investments in unconsolidated trusts
Deferred tax asset, net
Income taxes receivable from subsidiaries
Other assets
Total assets

Other payables
Revolving credit facility
Junior subordinated debentures

Total liabilities

Shareholders’ equity

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT

ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
(Parent Company Only)

BALANCE SHEETS

ASSETS

Schedule II
Page 1 of 3

December 31,

2023

2022

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

(In thousands)
2,774 
1,930 
117,637 
1,238 
15,682 
1,988 
6,733 
147,982 

 $

2,680 
2,278 
113,079 
1,238 
14,163 
1,951 
6,681 
142,070 

 $

3,949 
3,019 
33,738 
40,706 

4,130 
2,009 
33,738 
39,877 

107,276 
147,982 

 $

102,193 
142,070 

See accompanying report of independent registered public accounting firm.

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
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CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT

ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
(Parent Company Only)

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

Revenue

Fee income from subsidiaries
Distributed earnings from subsidiaries
Unrealized losses on equity securities, net
Other

Total revenue

General and administrative expenses

Interest expense

Income tax benefit(1)

Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries, net 

Net income (loss)

Schedule II
Page 2 of 3

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

(In thousands)

 $

 $

 $

8,738 
8,400 

(51)   
(455)   

16,632 

15,336 

3,269 
(1,973)   
(4,802)   
2,829 
(3,000)   
(171)  $

7,624 
7,200 
(484)
93 
14,433 

13,583 

1,952 
(1,102)
(3,934)
2,832 
(1,307)
1,525 

(1) Under  the  terms  of  a  tax-sharing  agreement,  income  tax  provisions  for  the  subsidiary  companies  are  computed  on  a  separate  company  basis.
Accordingly,  the  Company’s  income  tax  benefit  results  from  the  utilization  of  the  Parent’s  separate  return  loss  to  reduce  the  consolidated  taxable
income of the Company.

See accompanying report of independent registered public accounting firm.

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CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
(Parent Company Only)

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net Income (loss)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:

Unrealized losses on equity securities, net
Depreciation and amortization
Compensation expense related to share awards
Loss (earnings) from equity method investees
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries, net
(Increase) decrease in intercompany taxes
Deferred income tax benefit

Decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses
Other, net
Net cash used in operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities: 
Additions to property and equipment
Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities: 

Payment of dividends on Series D preferred stock
Payment of dividends on common stock
Proceeds from revolving credit facility, net
Treasury stock acquired — net employee share-based compensation
Net cash provided by financing activities

Net increase in cash

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

Supplemental disclosure:
Cash paid for interest

Cash paid for income taxes

Intercompany tax settlement from subsidiaries

See accompanying report of independent registered public accounting firm.

66

Schedule II
Page 3 of 3

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

(In thousands)

 $

(171)  $

1,525 

51 
509 
119 
294 
3,000 

(37)   
(3,123)   
(181)   
(509)   
(48)   

(39)   
(39)   

(399)   
(408)   
1,000 

(12)   
181 

94 
2,680 
2,774 

3,227 

2,582 

4,031 

 $

 $

 $

 $

484 
515 
134 
(294)
1,307 
220 
(2,336)
(285)
(1,348)
(78)

(45)
(45)

(399)
(408)
2,000 
(108)
1,085 

962 
1,718 
2,680 

1,794 

2,764 

3,946 

 $

 $

 $

 $

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Table of Contents

Segment

December 31, 2023:
Bankers Fidelity
American Southern

December 31, 2022:
Bankers Fidelity
American Southern

ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION

Schedule III
Page 1 of 2

Future Policy
Benefits,
Losses,
Claims and
Loss
Reserves

Deferred
Acquisition
Costs

Other Policy
Claims and
Benefits
Payable

Unearned
Premiums

(In thousands)

41,150    $
2,700     
43,850    $

  $

116,141 
63,832 
179,973(1)   $

2,561    $
28,756     
31,317    $

39,880    $
2,401     
42,281    $

  $

110,238 
62,810 
173,048(2)   $

2,814    $
25,534     
28,348    $

  $

  $

  $

  $

1,132 
— 
1,132 

1,255 
— 
1,255 

(1) Includes future policy benefits of $92,495 and losses and claims of $87,478.
(2) Includes future policy benefits of $85,564 and losses and claims of $87,484.

See accompanying report of independent registered public accounting firm.

67

 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
   
     
 
   
   
 
 
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
   
 
Table of Contents

Segment

December 31, 2023:
Bankers Fidelity
American Southern
Corporate & other

December 31, 2022:
Bankers Fidelity
American Southern
Corporate & other

Schedule III
Page 2 of 2

ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION

Premium
Revenue

Net
Investment
Income (Loss)

Benefits,
Claims,
Losses and
Settlement
Expenses

Amortization
of Deferred
Acquisition
Costs

(In thousands)

Other
Operating
Expenses

Casualty
Premiums
Written

 $

 $

 $

 $

110,382 
68,443 
— 
178,825 

115,164 
70,276 
— 
185,440 

 $

 $

 $

 $

5,755 
4,507 
(204)
10,058 

5,414 
4,147 
371
9,932 

 $

 $

 $

 $

71,485 
51,015 
— 
122,500 

76,281 
47,175 
— 
123,456 

 $

 $

 $

 $

8,050 
8,390 
— 
16,440 

9,295 
10,150 
— 
19,445 

 $

 $

 $

 $

29,942 
8,356 
10,120 
48,418 

24,627 
10,011 
8,216 
42,854 

 $

 $

 $

 $

— 
71,665 
— 
71,665 

— 
72,671 
— 
72,671 

See accompanying report of independent registered public accounting firm.

68

 
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Table of Contents

Year ended December 31, 2023:
Life insurance in force

Premiums —
Bankers Fidelity
American Southern
Total premiums

Year ended December 31, 2022:
Life insurance in force

Premiums —
Bankers Fidelity
American Southern
Total premiums

ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
REINSURANCE INFORMATION

Direct
Amount

Ceded to
Other

Companies    

Assumed
From Other
Companies    

Net
Amounts

(Dollars in thousands)

Schedule IV

Percentage
of Amount
Assumed
to Net

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

814,241 

 $

(8,317)  $

— 

 $

805,924       

166,368 
46,349 
212,717 

 $

 $

(55,993)  $
(5,902)   
(61,895)  $

7 
27,996 
28,003 

 $

 $

110,382 
68,443 
178,825 

670,610 

 $

(9,597)  $

— 

 $

661,013 

176,995 
51,844 
228,839 

 $

 $

(61,839)  $
(6,546)   
(68,385)  $

8 
24,978 
24,986 

 $

 $

115,164 
70,276 
185,440 

0.0%
40.9%
15.7%

0.0%
35.5%
13.5%

See accompanying report of independent registered public accounting firm.

69

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
     
     
       
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Table of Contents

Schedule VI

ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION CONCERNING
PROPERTY-CASUALTY INSURANCE OPERATIONS

Claims and Claim
Adjustment
Expenses Incurred
Related To

Deferred
Policy
Acquisition
Costs

Year Ended

    Reserves   

Unearned
Premiums   

Earned
Premiums   

Net
Investment

Current

Income    

Year    

Prior
Years    

Amortization
of Deferred
Acquisition
Costs

Paid Claims
and Claim
Adjustment

Expenses    

Premiums
Written  

December 31, 2023  $

2,700   $ 63,832   $

28,756   $

                                      (In thousands)
4,507   $ 47,658 

68,443   $

 $ 3,357  $

8,390   $

48,144   $

71,665 

December 31, 2022  $

2,401   $ 62,810   $

25,534   $

70,276   $

4,147   $ 48,692 

 $ (1,517)  $

10,150   $

42,948   $

72,671 

See accompanying report of independent registered public accounting firm.

70

 
    
     
     
     
     
   
     
     
     
 
   
 
 
 
  
     
     
     
     
     
  
  
     
     
     
  
 
EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF FORVIS LLP
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Shareholders
Atlantic American Corporation
Atlanta, Georgia

We  consent  to  the  incorporation  by  reference  in  the  registration  statements  (Nos.  333-183207,  333-183210  and  333-265315)  on  Form  S-8  of  Atlantic
American  Corporation  of  our  report  dated  April  1,  2024,  with  respect  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  schedules  of  Atlantic  American
Corporation as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, which report appears in Atlantic American Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.

/s/ FORVIS, LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
April 1, 2024

CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Hilton H. Howell, Jr., certify that:

1.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Atlantic American Corporation;

EXHIBIT 31.1

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the

financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-
15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)

designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed  such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  or  caused  such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  to  be  designed  under  our
supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)

evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  registrant’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  presented  in  this  report  our  conclusions  about  the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent
fiscal  quarter  (the  registrant’s  fourth  fiscal  quarter  in  the  case  of  an  annual  report)  that  has  materially  affected,  or  is  reasonably  likely  to
materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the

registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)

b)

all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

any  fraud,  whether  or  not  material,  that  involves  management  or  other  employees  who  have  a  significant  role  in  the  registrant’s  internal
control over financial reporting.

Date: April 1, 2024

/s/ Hilton H. Howell, Jr.
Hilton H. Howell, Jr.
President and Chief Executive Officer

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, J. Ross Franklin, certify that:

1.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Atlantic American Corporation;

EXHIBIT 31.2

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
report;

3.

 Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-
15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)

b)

c)

d)

 designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

  designed  such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  or  caused  such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  to  be  designed  under  our
supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  registrant’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  presented  in  this  report  our  conclusions  about  the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent
fiscal  quarter  (the  registrant’s  fourth  fiscal  quarter  in  the  case  of  an  annual  report)  that  has  materially  affected,  or  is  reasonably  likely  to
materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the

registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)

b)

  all  significant  deficiencies  and  material  weaknesses  in  the  design  or  operation  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  which  are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

any  fraud,  whether  or  not  material,  that  involves  management  or  other  employees  who  have  a  significant  role  in  the  registrant’s  internal
control over financial reporting.

Date: April 1, 2024

/s/ J. Ross Franklin
J. Ross Franklin
Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certifications Pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, in connection with the filing of the Annual Report
on  Form  10-K  of  Atlantic  American  Corporation  (the  “Company”)  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  as  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange
Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Company certifies, that, to such officer’s knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13 (a) or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company

as of the dates and for the periods expressed in the Report.

EXHIBIT 32.1

Date: April 1, 2024

Date: April 1, 2024

/s/ Hilton H. Howell, Jr.
Hilton H. Howell, Jr.
President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ J. Ross Franklin
J. Ross Franklin
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and

furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.