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Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure

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FY2021 Annual Report · Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure
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Consolidated Annual Report and 
Financial Statements 

          FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc Consolidated Annual Report  

and Financial Statements 

Contents 
Strategic Report 
Directors’ Report 
Directors’ Remuneration Report 
Directors’ Responsibilities Statement 
Definitions 
Independent Auditor’s Report To The Members Of Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure Plc 
Consolidated Financial Statement 
Company Financial Statements 

  Page 
3 
85 
108 
129 
131 
136 
148 
231 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report 

This  Strategic  Report  has  been  prepared  to  provide  shareholders  with  information  that  will  aid 
them in assessing Atlantica’s strategies and the potential of such strategies to succeed. 

The Strategic Report contains certain forward-looking statements that are made by the directors 
in good faith and based on the information available to them up to the time of their approval of 
this report. These statements should be treated with caution due to the uncertainties, including 
both economic and business risk factors, inherent in such forward-looking information. 

The  directors  have  prepared  this  Strategic  Report  in  compliance  with  Section  414C  of  the 
Companies Act 2006.  

The Strategic Report discusses the following areas: 

-  Nature of the business. 
-  Business model, strategy and objectives. 
Fair review of the business. 
- 
-  Principal risks and uncertainties. 
- 
-  Section 172 statement. 
-  Going concern basis. 

Environment, Social and Governance. 

Nature of the Business 

Atlantica  Sustainable Infrastructure  plc (hereinafter  “we”, “our”,  the  “Company”  or “Atlantica”), a 
Company  registered  in  England  and  Wales  and  incorporated  in  the  United  Kingdom,  is  a 
sustainable infrastructure company with a majority of our business in renewable energy assets. In 
2021,  our  renewable  sector  represented  approximately  77%  of  our  revenue  with  solar  energy 
representing  approximately  69%.  We  complement  our  renewable  assets  portfolio  with  storage, 
efficient natural gas and heat and transmission infrastructure assets, as enablers of the transition 
towards a clean energy mix. We are also present in water infrastructure assets, a relevant sector for 
sustainable  development.  Our  purpose  is  to  support  the  transition  towards  a  more  sustainable 
world by investing in and managing sustainable infrastructure, while creating long-term value for 
our investors and the rest of our stakeholders. 

As of December 31, 2021, we own or have an interest in a portfolio of diversified assets in terms of 
business sector and geographic footprint. Our portfolio consists of  38 assets with 2,044 MW of 
aggregate renewable energy installed generation capacity, (of which approximately 71% is solar), 
343  MW  of  efficient  natural  gas-fired  power  generation  capacity,  55  MWt  of  district  heating 
capacity, 1,166 miles of electric transmission lines and 17.5 M ft3 per day of water desalination. 

We currently own and manage operating facilities in North America (United States, Canada and 
Mexico), South America (Peru, Chile, Colombia and Uruguay) and EMEA (Spain, Italy, Algeria and 
South Africa). Our assets generally have contracted or regulated revenue. As of December 31, 2021, 
our assets had a weighted average remaining contract life of approximately 15 years. 

3 

 
 
 
 
The  address  of  our  registered  office  is  Great  West  House,  GW1,  17th  floor,  Great  West  Road, 
Brentford, TW8 9DF, United Kingdom. 

Events During the Period  

Investments 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

In April 2020, we made an investment in the creation of a renewable energy platform in Chile, 
together with financial partners, in which we now own approximately a 35% stake and have a 
strategic investor role. In January 2021, we closed our second investment through this platform 
with the acquisition of Chile PV 2, a 40 MW PV plant. Total equity investment in this new asset 
was approximately $5.0 million. The platform intends to make further investments in renewable 
energy in Chile and sign PPAs with creditworthy off-takers. 

In January 2021, we closed the acquisition of a 42.5% equity interest in Rioglass, a supplier of 
spare  parts  and  services  in  the  solar  industry,  increasing  our  equity  interest  to  57.5%.  In 
addition,  on  July  22,  2021  we  exercised  the  option  to  acquire  the  remaining  42.5%  equity 
interest in Rioglass. The total investment made in 2021 to acquire the additional 85% equity 
interest, resulting in a 100% ownership, was approximately $17.1 million.  

In April 2021, we closed the acquisition of Coso, a 135 MW renewable asset in California. Coso 
is the third largest geothermal plant in the United States and provides base load renewable 
energy to the California Independent System Operator (California ISO). It has PPAs signed with 
an 18-year average contract life. The total equity investment was $130 million, which was paid 
in April 2021. In addition, on July 15, 2021, we repaid $40 million of project debt. 

In May 2021, we closed the acquisition of Calgary District Heating, a district heating asset in 
Canada, for a total equity investment of $22.7 million. The asset has availability-based revenue 
with  inflation  indexation  and  20  years  of  weighted  average  contract  life  at  the  time  of  the 
investment.  Contracted  capacity  and  volume  payments  represent  approximately  80%  of  the 
total revenue.  

In June 2021, we closed the acquisition of a 49% interest in Vento II, a 596 MW wind portfolio 
in the U.S. for a total equity investment of $198.3 million. EDP Renewables owns the remaining 
51%. The assets have PPAs with investment grade off-takers with five-year average remaining 
contract life at the time of the investment. 

In August 2021, we closed the acquisition of Italy PV 1 and Italy PV 2, two solar PV plants  in 
Italy with a combined capacity of 3.7 MW for a total equity investment of $9 million. These 
assets have regulated revenues under a feed in tariff until 2030 and 2031, respectively. 

In November 2021, we closed the acquisition of La Sierpe, a 20 MW solar asset in Colombia for 
a total equity investment of $23.5 million. The asset was acquired under our Liberty GES ROFO 
Agreement.  We  also  acquired  two  additional  solar  projects  in  Colombia  with  a  combined 
capacity of approximately 30 MW which are currently in construction, la Tolua and Tierra Linda. 

In December 2021, we closed the acquisition of Italy PV 3, a 2.5 MW solar portfolio in Italy for 
a  total  equity  investment  of  $4.0  million.  The  four  assets  in  the  portfolio  have  regulated 
revenues under a feed in tariff until 2032. 

4 

 
 
 
 
• 

In  October  2018,  we  reached  an  agreement  to  acquire  PTS,  a  natural  gas  transportation 
platform  located  in  Mexico.  We  initially  acquired  a  5%  stake  in  the  project  and  reached  an 
agreement to increase our equity interest. Given that the project financing did not close, in June 
2021, we reached an agreement with our partner to sell our 5% ownership in the project at 
cost. There are no other costs or liabilities related to this investment. 

Corporate Financing Activities during the year 

•  On January 7, 2021 Algonquin purchased 4,020,860 ordinary shares in a private placement in 
order to maintain its equity interest in the Company, as a consequence of the prior underwritten 
public offering of 5,069,200 ordinary shares in December 2020. Gross proceeds of the private 
placement were approximately $300 million, which were used to finance growth opportunities 
and for general corporate purposes after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions 
and offering expenses. 

•  On  May  18,  2021,  we  issued  the  Green  Senior  Notes  amounting  to  an  aggregate  principal 
amount of $400 million due in 2028. The Green Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.125% 
per year, payable on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing December 15, 2021, 
and will mature on June 15, 2028. The proceeds were used to fully prepay the Note Issuance 
Facility 2019 and to finance investments and acquisitions. 

•  On  August  3,  2021,  we  established  an  “at-the-market  program”  and  entered  into  the 
Distribution Agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as sales agent, under which we may 
offer and sell from time to time up to $150 million of our ordinary shares, including in “at-the-
market”  offerings  under  our  universal  shelf  registration  statement  on  Form  F-3  and  a 
prospectus supplement that we filed on August 3, 2021. During the third and fourth quarters, 
we have issued 1.6 million shares under the program at an average market price of $38.43 per 
share pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, representing net proceeds of $61.4 million. 

5 

 
 
 
 
Asset Portfolio and Operations 

The following table provides an overview of our current assets as of December 31, 2021:  

Assets 

Type 

Ownership 

Location 

Currency 
(9) 

Capacity 
(Gross) 

Counterparty 
Credit Ratings(10) 

COD* 

Contract 
Years 
Remaining(16) 

Solana 

Renewable (Solar) 

100%  Arizona (USA)  USD  280 MW  BBB+/A3/ BBB+  2013 

Mojave 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Coso 

Renewable 
(Geothermal) 

100% 

California 
(USA) 
California 
(USA) 

USD  280 MW 

BB-/--/BB 

2014 

USD  135 MW 

Investment grade 
(14) 

1987/ 
1989 

Elkhorn Valley 

Renewable (Wind) 

49%  Oregon (USA)  USD  101 MW 

BBB/A3/-- 

2007 

Prairie Star 

Renewable (Wind) 

49% 

Minnesota 
(USA) 

USD  101 MW 

--/A3/A- 

2007 

Twin Groves II 

Renewable (Wind) 

49% 

Illinois (USA)  USD  198 MW  BBB-/Baa2/-- 

2008 

Lone Star II 

Renewable (Wind) 

49% 

Texas (USA)  USD  196 MW 

Not rated 

2008 

22 

18 

17 

6 

6 

4 

1 

Chile PV 1 

Renewable (Solar) 

35%(8) 

Chile 

USD 

55 MW 

N/A 

2016 

N/A 

Chile PV 2 

Renewable (Solar) 

35%(8) 

Chile 

USD 

40 MW 

Not rated 

2017 

La Sierpe 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Colombia 

COP 

20 MW 

Not rated 

2021 

Palmatir 

Cadonal 

Renewable (Wind) 

100% 

Uruguay 

USD 

50 MW  BBB/Baa2/BBB-(12)  2014 

Renewable (Wind) 

100% 

Uruguay 

USD 

50 MW  BBB/Baa2/BBB-(12)  2014 

Melowind 

Renewable (Wind) 

100% 

Uruguay 

USD 

50 MW  BBB/Baa2/BBB-  2015 

Mini-Hydro 

Renewable 
(Hydraulic) 

100% 

Peru 

USD 

4 MW  BBB+/ Baa1/BBB  2012 

9 

14 

12 

13 

14 

11 

Solaben 2 & 3 

Renewable (Solar) 

70%(1) 

Spain 

Euro  2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2012 

16/16 

Solacor 1 & 2 

Renewable (Solar) 

87%(2) 

Spain 

Euro  2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2012 

15/15 

PS10/PS20 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Spain 

Euro 

31 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2007& 
2009 

10/12 

Helioenergy 1 & 2  Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Spain 

Euro  2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2011 

15/15 

Helios 1 & 2 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Spain 

Euro  2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2012 

15/16 

Solnova 1, 3 & 4  Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Spain 

Euro  3x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2010 

13/13/14 

Solaben 1 & 6 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Spain 

Euro  2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2013 

17/17 

Seville PV 

Renewable (Solar) 

80%(6) 

Spain 

Euro 

1 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2006 

14 

Italy PV 1 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Italy PV 2 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Italy PV 3 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Kaxu 

Renewable (Solar) 

51%(3) 

Italy 

Italy 

Italy 

South 
Africa 

Euro 

1.6 MW  BBB/Baa3/BBB  2010 

Euro 

2.1 MW  BBB/Baa3/BBB  2011 

Euro 

2.5 MW  BBB/Baa3/BBB  2012 

Rand  100 MW 

2015 

9 

9 

10 

13 

BB-/Ba2/ 
BB-(11) 

~41% A+ or 
higher(15) 

2010 

19 

Calgary 

Efficient natural 
gas 

100% 

Canada 

CAD  55 MWt 

6 

 
 
 
 
Assets 

Type 

Ownership 

Location 

Currency 
(9) 

Capacity 
(Gross) 

Counterparty 
Credit Ratings(10) 

COD* 

Contract 
Years 
Remaining(16) 

ACT 

Monterrey 

ATN (13) 

ATS 

ATN 2 

Efficient natural 
gas 
Efficient natural 
gas 

100% 

Mexico 

USD  300 MW 

BBB/ Ba3/ 
BB- 

2013 

30% 

Mexico 

USD  142 MW 

Not rated 

2018 

Transmission line 

100% 

Transmission line 

100% 

Transmission line 

100% 

Peru 

Peru 

Peru 

USD  379 miles  BBB+/ Baa1/BBB  2011 

USD  569 miles  BBB+/ Baa1/BBB  2014 

USD  81 miles 

Not rated 

2015 

11 

17 

19 

22 

11 

Quadra 1 & 2 

Transmission line 

100% 

Chile 

USD 

49 miles/ 
32 miles 

100% 

Chile 

USD 

6 miles 

Not rated 

2014 

13/13 

BBB/-/ 
A- 

2007 

16 

Transmission 
line 
Transmission 
line 

Palmucho 

Chile TL3 

Skikda 

Honaine 

Tenes 

100% 

Chile 

USD  50 miles 

A/A1/A- 

1993  Regulated 

Water 

34.2%(4) 

Algeria 

USD 

Water 

25.5%(5) 

Algeria 

USD 

Water 

51%(7) 

Algeria 

USD 

3.5 M 
ft3/day 
7 M ft3/ 
day 
7 M ft3/ 
day 

Not rated 

2009 

Not rated 

2012 

Not rated 

2015 

12 

16 

18 

Notes: 
(1)  Itochu Corporation, holds 30% of the shares in both Solaben 2 and Solaben 3. 
(2) 
(3) 

JGC, holds 13% of the shares in each of Solacor 1 and Solacor 2. 
Kaxu is owned by the Company (51%), Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa (29%) and Kaxu Community Trust 
(20%). 
Algerian Energy Company, SPA owns 49% of Skikda and Sacyr Agua, S.L. (“Sacyr”) owns the remaining 16.8%. 
Algerian Energy Company, SPA owns 49% of Honaine and Sacyr owns the remaining 25.5%. 
Instituto para la Diversificacion y Ahorro de la Energia holds 20% of the shares in Seville PV. 
Algerian Energy Company, SPA owns 49% of Tenes. 
65% of the shares in Chile PV 1 and Chile PV 2 are held by financial partners at our renewable energy platform in Chile. 
Certain contracts denominated in U.S. dollars are payable in local currency. 

(4) 
(5) 
(6) 
(7) 
(8) 
(9) 
(10)  Reflects the counterparty’s credit ratings issued by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, or S&P, Moody’s Investors Service Inc., 

or Moody’s, and Fitch Ratings Ltd, or Fitch. 

(11)  Refers to the credit rating of the Republic of South Africa. The offtaker is Eskom, which is a state-owned utility company in 

South Africa. 

(12)  Refers to the credit rating of Uruguay, as UTE (Administracion Nacional de Usinas y Transmisoras Electricas) is unrated. 
(13) 
(14)  Refers to the credit rating of two Community Choice Aggregators: Silicon Valley Clean Energy and Monterrey Bar Community 

Including the acquisition of ATN Expansion 1 & 2. 

Power, both with A Rating from S&P and Southern California Public Power Authority. The third off-taker is not rated. 
(15)  Refers to the credit rating of a diversified mix of 22 high credit quality clients (~41% A+ rating or higher, the rest is unrated). 
(16)  As of December 31, 2021. 
(*) 

Commercial Operation Date. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
Business Model, Strategy and Objectives 

Our strategy focuses on climate change solutions in the power and water sectors. We intend to 
provide  clean  electricity,  transmission  capacity  and  desalinated  water  in  a  safe,  reliable  and 
environmentally responsible way. We believe our value creation capability is significantly enhanced 
by investing in sustainable sectors and managing our assets in a sustainable manner to the benefit 
of our shareholders and other stakeholders.  

We intend to take advantage of, and leverage our growth strategy on, favorable trends in clean 
power generation, energy scarcity and the global focus on the reduction of carbon emissions. We 
believe  that  we  are  well  positioned  to  benefit  from  the  expected  transition  towards  a  more 
sustainable power generation mix in our markets. In addition, we believe that water is going to be 
the next frontier in a transition towards a more sustainable world. 

We  seek  to  grow  our cash  available  for  distribution  and  our  dividends  to  shareholders  through 
organic  growth  and  by  investing  in  new  assets,  while  ensuring  the  ongoing  stability  and 
sustainability of our business. We intend to grow our business maintaining renewable energy as 
our main segment and with a primary focus on North America and Europe. 

We  believe  we  can  achieve  organic  growth  through  the  optimization  of  the  existing  portfolio, 
escalation factors at many of our assets, as well as the repowering and hybridization with other 
technologies  of  some  of  the  renewable  energy  facilities  and  the  expansion  of  our  existing 
transmission lines. 

Additionally,  we  expect  to  acquire  assets  from  third  parties  leveraging  the  local  presence  and 
network we have in geographies and sectors in which we operate. We will also continue to invest 
in the development and construction of new assets, in some cases on our own and in other cases 
with  partners.  We  have  entered  into  and  intend  to  continue  to  enter  into  agreements  or 
partnerships with developers and asset owners. 

Our plan for executing this strategy includes the following key components: 

Focus on stable assets in the power and water sectors, including renewable energy, storage, 
efficient natural gas and heat, transmission, as well as water assets, generally contracted or 
regulated. 

We  intend  to  focus  on owning and  operating  stable,  sustainable  infrastructure  assets with  long 
useful lives, generally contracted, for which we believe we have extensive experience and proven 
systems  and  management  processes,  as  well  as  the  critical  mass  to  benefit  from  operating 
efficiencies  and  scale. We  intend  to  maintain a  diversified  portfolio  with a  large  majority  of  our 
Adjusted EBITDA generated from low-carbon footprint assets, as we believe these sectors will see 
significant growth in our targeted geographies. 

Maintain diversification across three core geographic areas 

Our focus on three core geographies, North America, South America and Europe, helps to ensure 
exposure to markets in which we believe renewable energy, storage and transmission will continue 
to grow significantly. We believe that our diversification by business sector and geography provides 
us with access to different sources of growth. 

8 

 
 
 
Grow our business through the optimization of the existing portfolio and through the investments 
in the expansion of our current assets. 

We intend to grow our business through organic growth that we expect to deliver through the 
optimization  of  the  existing  portfolio,  price  escalation  factors  in  many  of  our  assets  as  well  as 
through investments in the expansion and repowering of our current assets and hybridization of 
existing  assets  with  other  complimentary  technologies  including  storage,  particularly  in  our 
transmission lines and renewable energy assets. 

Grow our business by investing in new assets in the business sectors where we are present 

We will seek to grow our business by investing in new assets, generally contracted or regulated. 
We expect to acquire assets from third parties leveraging the local presence and network we have 
in the geographies and sectors in which we operate. We have also entered into and intend to enter 
into agreements or partnerships with developers or asset owners to develop or acquire assets. We 
also  invest  in  assets  under  development  or  construction  either  directly  or  with  partners  via 
investment vehicles. We believe that our know-how and operating expertise in our key markets 
together with a critical mass of assets in several geographic areas as well as our access to capital 
provided by being a listed company will assist us in achieving our growth plans.  

Foster a low-risk approach 

We intend to maintain a portfolio of contracted assets with a low-risk profile for a significant part 
of  our  revenue.  A  large  majority  of  our  revenue  is  contracted  or  regulated.  We  seek  to  invest 
generally  in  assets  with  proven  technologies  in  which  we  generally  have  significant  experience, 
located in countries where we believe conditions to be stable and safe. We may complement our 
portfolio  with  investments  or  co-investments  in  assets  with  shorter  contracts  or  with  partially 
contracted revenue or in assets with revenue in currencies other than U.S. dollar or euro. We also 
invest in assets under development or construction either directly or with partners via investment 
vehicles. 

Additionally,  our  policies  and  management  systems  include  thorough  risk  analysis  and  risk 
management processes applied on an ongoing basis from the date of asset acquisition. Our policy 
is to insure all of our assets whenever economically feasible, retaining in some cases part of the risk 
in house. 

Maintain a prudent financial policy and financial flexibility 

Non-recourse project debt is an important principle for us. We intend to continue financing our 
assets with project debt progressively amortized using the cash flows from each asset and where 
lenders do not have recourse to the holding company assets. The majority of our consolidated debt 
is project debt. 

In addition, we hedge a significant portion of our interest rate risk exposure. We estimate that as 
of December 31, 2021, approximately 92% of our total interest risk exposure was fixed or hedged, 
generally for the long-term. We also limit our foreign exchange exposure. We intend to ensure that 
at least 80% of our cash available for distribution is always in U.S. dollars and euros. Furthermore, 
we hedge net distributions in euros for the upcoming 24 months on a rolling basis. 

We also intend to maintain a solid financial position through a combination of cash on hand and 
undrawn  credit  facilities.  In  order  to  maintain  financial  flexibility,  we  use  diversified  sources  of 

9 

 
 
 
financing in our project and corporate debt including banks, capital markets and private investor 
financing. In recent years we have been active in green financing initiatives, improving our access 
to new debt investors 

Our Competitive Strengths 

We believe that we are well-positioned to execute our business strategies thanks to the following 
competitive strengths: 

Stable and predictable long-term cash flows  

We believe that our portfolio of sustainable infrastructure has a stable cash flow profile. The off-
take agreements or regulation in place at our assets have a weighted average remaining term of 
approximately 15 years as of December 31, 2021, providing long-term cash flow visibility. In 2021, 
approximately 58% of our revenue was non-dependent on natural resource (i.e. not subject to the 
volatility  that  natural  resource  may  have,  especially  solar  and  wind  resource).  This  includes  our 
transmission lines, our efficient natural gas plant, our water assets and approximately 77% of the 
revenue received from our solar assets in Spain. In these assets, our revenue is not subject to (or 
has low dependence on) solar, wind or geothermal resources, which translates in a more stable 
cash-flow  generation.  Going  forward,  our  new  investments  will  probably  be  dependent  on  the 
natural resource. Additionally, our facilities have minimal or no fuel risk. 

Our diversification by geography and business sector also strengthens the stability of our cash flow 
generation.  We  expect  our  well-diversified  asset  portfolio,  in  terms  of  business  sector  and 
geography to maintain cash flow stability. 

Furthermore, due to the fact that we are a U.K. registered company, we should benefit from a more 
favorable treatment than if we were a corporation based in the U.S. when receiving dividends from 
our subsidiaries that hold our international assets because they should generally be exempt from 
U.K.  taxation  due  to  the  U.K.’s  distribution  exemption.  Based  on  our  current  portfolio  of  assets, 
which includes renewable assets that benefit from an accelerated tax depreciation schedule, and 
tax  regulations  benefits  permitted  in  the  jurisdictions  in  which  we  operate,  under  current 
regulations we do not expect to pay significant income tax in the upcoming years in most of our 
geographies  due  to  existing  net  operating  losses,  or  NOLs.  Furthermore,  based  on  our  existing 
portfolio of assets, we believe that there is limited repatriation risk in the jurisdictions in which we 
operate. 

Positioned in business sectors with high growth prospects 

The renewable energy industry has grown significantly in recent years and it is expected to continue 
to grow in the coming  decades. According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance 2021, renewable 
energy is expected to account for  the majority of new investments in the power sector in most 
markets.  In  Bloomberg’s  green  scenario,  approximately  1,400  GW  of  renewables  will  be  added 
every year for the next three decades. Solar PV sees the largest deployment with 16.5 TW installed 
by 2050. Required investment in energy supply and infrastructure amounts to between $92 trillion 
and $173 trillion over the next three decades. To achieve this, annual investment will need to more 
than double from around $1.7 trillion, to somewhere between $3.1 trillion and $5.8 trillion per year. 

The  significant  increase expected  in  the  renewable  energy  space over  the  coming  decades also 
requires significant new investments in electric transmission and distribution lines for power supply, 

10 

 
 
 
as well as storage and natural gas generation for dispatchability, with each becoming key elements 
to support additional wind and solar energy generation. We believe that we are well positioned in 
sectors with solid growth expectations. 

We  also  believe  that  our  diversified  exposure  to  international  markets  will  allow  us  to  pursue 
improved growth opportunities and achieve higher returns than we would have if we had a narrow 
geographic  or  technological  focus.  If  certain  geographies  and  business  sectors  become  more 
competitive  for  asset  acquisitions  in  the  future,  we  believe  we  can  continue  to  execute  on  our 
growth strategy by having the flexibility to invest in other regions or in other business sectors. 

Well positioned in ESG 

In 2021, 73% of our Adjusted EBITDA was derived from renewable energy and 64% of our Adjusted 
EBITDA  corresponded  to  solar  energy  production.  Adjusted  EBITDA  from  low  carbon  footprint 
assets represented 88%, including renewable energy, transmission infrastructure, as well as water 
assets. We have set a target to maintain over 80% of our Adjusted EBITDA generated from low-
carbon footprint assets.  

In addition, we have set a target to reduce our scope 1 and scope 2 GHG emissions per unit of 
energy generated by 70% by 2035, with 2020 as base year. This target has been validated by the 
Science Based Targets initiative in 2021. 

In terms of governance, we maintain a simple structure with one class of shares. The majority of 
our  Directors  are  independent,  and  all  the  board  committees  are  formed  exclusively  by 
independent directors. In 2021, the Board updated and /or issued, as applicable, several key ESG-
related documents following our long-term strategy. 25% of our directors are women.  

We  have  been  rated  by  various  ESG  rating  agencies,  which  we  believe  can  provide  relevant 
information for investors. 

A Fair Review of the Business 

Factors that Affect Comparability of our Results of Operations  

▪  Acquisitions and Non-recurrent Projects 

The results of operations of Chile PV 1 and Tenes have been fully consolidated since April and 
May 2020, respectively. Tenes was recorded under the equity-method from January 2019 to 
May 2020, at which point we then gained control over the asset and started to fully consolidate 
it. The results of operations of Chile PV 2, Coso, Calgary District Heating, Italy PV 1 and Italy PV 
2, La Sierpe and Italy PV 3 have been fully consolidated since January, April, May and August, 
November  and  December  2021,  respectively.  Vento  II  has  been  recorded  under  the  equity 
method since June, 2021. 

In  addition,  the results  of  operations  of  Rioglass have  been  fully  consolidated  since  January 
2021. In 2021, most of Rioglass operating results relate to a specific solar project which ended 
in October 2021, and which represented $85.3 million in revenue and $1.0 million in Adjusted 
EBITDA, included in our EMEA and Renewable energy segments for 2021 and which are non-
recurrent.  

11 

 
 
 
 
 
▪ 

Impairment 

Considering the delays in the improvements and replacements that we are carrying out in the 
storage system in Solana and their impact on production in 2021, as well as an increase in the 
discount  rate,  we  identified  an  impairment  triggering  event  in  accordance  with  IAS  36 
(Impairment of Assets). As a result, an impairment test has been performed which resulted in 
the recording of an impairment loss of $43.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 in 
the line “Depreciation, amortization, and impairment charges”.  

In addition, IFRS 9 requires impairment provisions to be based on expected credit losses on 
financial assets rather than on actual credit losses. For the year ended December 31, 2021 we 
recorded a reversal of the expected credit loss impairment provision at ACT for $24.9 million 
following an improvement of a major client’s credit risk metrics which is reflected in the line 
item “Depreciation, amortization, and impairment charges”. In 2020 we had recorded a $26.6 
million impairment provision in ACT. 

▪  Change in the useful life of the solar plants in Spain 

In September 2020, following a thorough analysis of recent developments in the Energy and 
Climate Policy Framework adopted by Spain in 2020, we decided to reduce the useful life of the 
solar plants in Spain from 35 years to 25 years after COD, effective from September 1, 2020. 
This change in the estimated useful life was accounted for as a change in accounting estimates 
in accordance with IAS 8, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors. This 
caused $46.0 million increase if we compare the results of the two years since the change was 
applied for twelve months in 2021 and only four months in 2020. 

▪  Electricity market prices 

In  addition  to  regulated  revenue,  our  solar assets  in  Spain  receive  revenue  from  the  sale  of 
electricity at market  prices. Electricity prices have increased significantly since mid-2021 and 
revenues  from  the  sale  of  electricity  at  power  prices  represented  $132.9  million  in  2021 
compared  to  42.9  million  in  2020,  causing  higher  short-term  cash  collections.  Regulated 
revenues are revised every three years to reflect, among other things, the difference between 
expected  and  actual  market  prices  if  the  difference  is  higher  than  a  pre-defined  threshold. 
Current  higher  market  prices  in  Spain  will  therefore  cause  lower  regulated  revenue  to  be 
received  progressively  over  the  remaining  regulatory  life  of  our  solar  assets.  As  a  result,  we 
recorded a negative provision for $77.1 million with no cash impact on the current period that 
has lowered revenue and Adjusted EBITDA in this geography, compared to a positive provision 
reversal for $22.3 million in 2020. 

Factors Affecting Results of Operations  

▪  Exchange rates 

Our  functional  currency  is  the  U.S.  dollar,  as  most  of  our  revenue  and  expenses  are 
denominated or linked to U.S. dollars. All our companies located in North America, with the 
exception of Calgary, with revenue in Canadian dollars, and most of our companies in South 
America have their revenue and financing contracts signed in, or indexed totally or partially to 
U.S. dollars. Our solar power plants in Europe have their revenue and expenses denominated 
in euros, Kaxu, our solar plant in South Africa, has its revenue and expenses denominated in 
South African rand and La Sierpe our solar plant in Colombia has its revenue and expenses 

12 

 
 
 
denominated  in  Colombian  pesos.  Project  financing  is  typically  denominated  in  the  same 
currency as that of the contracted revenue  agreement. This policy seeks to ensure that the 
main  revenue  and  expenses  streams  in  foreign  companies  are  denominated  in  the  same 
currency, limiting our risk of foreign exchange differences in our financial results. 

Our strategy is to hedge cash distributions from our assets in Europe. We hedge the exchange 
rate for the distributions in euros after deducting euro-denominated interest payments and 
euro-denominated general and administrative expenses. Through currency options, we have 
hedged 100% of our euro-denominated net exposure for the next 12 months and 75% of our 
euro-denominated net exposure for the following 12 months. We expect to continue with this 
hedging strategy on a rolling basis. 

Although we hedge cash-flows in euros, fluctuations in the value of the euro in relation to the 
U.S.  dollar  may  affect  our  operating  results.  For  example,  revenue  in  euro-denominated 
companies  could  decrease  when  translated  to  U.S.  dollars  at  the  average  foreign  exchange 
rate solely due to a decrease in the average foreign exchange rate, in spite of revenue in the 
original currency being stable. Fluctuations in the value of South African rand and Colombian 
peso with respect to the U.S. dollar may also affect our operating results. Apart from the impact 
of  these  translation  differences,  the  exposure  of  our  income  statement  to  fluctuations  of 
foreign currencies is limited, as the financing of projects is typically denominated in the same 
currency as that of the contracted revenue agreement. 

▪  Interest rates 

We incur significant indebtedness at the corporate and asset level. The interest rate risk arises 
mainly from indebtedness at variable interest rates. To mitigate interest rate risk, we primarily 
use long-term interest rate swaps and interest rate options which, in exchange for a fee, offer 
protection against a rise in interest rates. As of December 31, 2021, approximately 92% of our 
project debt and close to 100% of our corporate debt either has fixed interest rates or has 
been hedged with swaps or caps. Nevertheless, our results of operations can be affected by 
changes in interest rates with respect to the unhedged portion of our indebtedness that bears 
interest  at  floating  rates,  which  typically  bear  a  spread  over  EURIBOR,  LIBOR  or  over  the 
alternative rates replacing these. 

▪  Electricity market prices 

In addition to regulated revenue, our solar assets in Spain receive revenue from the sale of 
electricity  at  market  prices.  Regulated  revenues  are  revised  every  three  years  to  reflect  the 
difference between expected and actual market prices if the difference is higher than a pre-
defined threshold. Given that since mid-2021 electricity prices in Spain have been, and may 
continue to be, significantly higher than expected, it will cause lower regulated revenue starting 
in  2023  over  the  remaining  regulatory  life  of  our  solar  assets.  Also,  the  regulator  or  the 
administration may change or may create new mechanisms to adjust the price of electricity, 
which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  financial  condition,  results  of 
operations and cash flows. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Key Performance Indicators 

We closely monitor the following key drivers of our business sectors’ performance to plan for our 
needs, and to adjust our expectations, financial budgets and forecasts appropriately. 

•  MW in operation in the case of Renewable energy and Efficient natural gas and heat assets, 
miles in operation in the case of Electric Transmission lines and Mft3 in operation in the case of 
Water assets are indicators which provide information about the installed capacity or size of 
our portfolio of assets. 

•  Production measured in GWh in our Renewable energy and Efficient natural gas and heat assets 

provides information about the performance of these assets. 

•  Availability in the case of our Efficient natural gas and heat assets, Transmission lines and Water 
assets also provides information on the performance of the assets. In these business segments 
revenues are based on availability, which is the time during which the asset was available to our 
client  totally  or  partially  divided  by  contracted  availability  or  budgeted  availability,  as 
applicable. 

Renewable Energy 
MW in operation1 
GWh produced2 
Efficient Natural Gas & Heat 
MW in operation3 
GWh produced4 
Availability (%)4 
Transmission lines 
Miles in operation 
Availability (%) 
Water 
Mft3 in operation1 
Availability (%) 

As of December 31, 
2020 

2021 

2,044 
4,655 

398 
2,292 
100.6% 

1,166 
100.0% 

17.5 
97.9% 

1,551 
3,244 

343 
2,574 
102.1% 

1,166 
100.0% 

17.5 
100.1% 

1 Represents total installed capacity in assets owned or consolidated at the end of the year, regardless of our percentage 

of ownership in each of the assets except for Vento II for which we have included our 49% interest. 

2 Includes 49% of Vento II wind portfolio production since its acquisition. Includes curtailment in wind assets for which 
we receive compensation. 
3 Includes 43 MW corresponding to our 30% share in Monterrey and 55 MWt corresponding to Calgary District Heating. 
4 GWh produced includes 30% of the production from Monterrey. 

During 2021, our renewable assets continued to generate solid operating results and production 
increased by 43.5%. The increase was mainly driven by the contribution from the recently acquired 
renewable assets Coso, Chile PV1, Chile PV 2, Vento II, Italy PV 1, Italy PV 2, Italy PV 3 and La Sierpe 
bringing approximately 1,339 GWh of additional electricity generation. The increase was also due 
to higher production at Kaxu compared to the prior year when an unscheduled outage that affected 
part of the first half of 2020, largely covered by insurance. Production also increased in our assets 
in Spain where solar radiation was better than in the previous year.  

In our solar assets in the U.S. production decreased by 3.5% year over year mainly due to lower 
solar resource in Arizona, especially in the third quarter, and lower availability in the storage system, 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
as we are carrying out the improvements and replacements that were scheduled. These works have 
impacted  production  in  2021  and  are  expected  to  impact  production  in  2022  as  we  have  been 
experiencing delays due to COVID-19 restrictions and delays from subcontractors. 

In our wind assets in Uruguay production decreased by 10.4% in 2021, mainly due to lower wind 
resource in the period. Wind resource was also lower than expected in our wind assets in the United 
States. 

Efficient  natural  gas  and  heat  production  was  lower  in  2021  compared  to  2020  due  to  lower 
production at ACT, mainly due to lower demand from our off-taker. This did not affect our revenue 
as the contract is based on availability and continues to achieve high availability levels. 

In  Water,  the  decrease  in  availability  was  mainly  due  to  lower  availability  in  Tenes  in  the  fourth 
quarter of 2021, resulting principally from  the high number of suspended particles  in the water 
caused by heavy rains in the region in the fourth quarter. Availability in this plant in the first quarter 
of 2021 was also lower largely due to the installation of some new safety-related equipment. Our 
transmission lines, where revenue is also based on availability, continue to achieve high availability 
levels. 

Results of Operations 

The table below details our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020 

$ in millions 
Revenue 
Other operating income 
Employee benefit expenses 
Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges 
Other operating expenses 
Operating profit 

Financial income 
Financial expense 
Net exchange differences 
Other financial income/(expense), net 
Financial expense, net 

Share of profit/(loss) of associates carried under the equity 
method 
Profit before income tax 

Income tax 
Profit/(loss) for the year 

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests 

Profit/(loss)  for  the  year  attributable  to  the  parent 
company 

Revenue 

2021 

2020 

1,211.7 
74.6 
(78.7) 
(439.4) 
(414.3) 
353.9 

2.7 
(361.2) 
1.9 
15.7 
 (340.9) 

12.3 

25.3 

(36.2) 
(10.9) 

(19.2) 

 (30.1) 

1,013.3 
99.5 
(54.4) 
(408.6) 
(276.7) 
373.1 

7.1 
(378.4) 
(1.4) 
40.9 
 (331.8) 

0.5 

41.8 

(24.9) 
16.9 

(4.9) 

12.0 

Revenue increased by 19.6% to $1,211.7 million for the year 2021, compared to $1,013.3 million for 
the year 2020. On a constant currency basis, revenue in 2021 was $1,187.7 million, representing an 
increase  of  17.2%  compared  to  the  year  2020.  On  a  constant  currency  basis  and  excluding  the 
aforementioned  Rioglass  non-recurrent  solar  project,  revenue  for  the  year  2021  was  $1,102.3 
million, representing an increase of 8.8% compared to the previous year. 

15 

 
 
 
This increase (on a constant currency basis and excluding the Rioglass non-recurrent solar project) 
was  mainly  due  to  the  contribution  of  the  recently  acquired  and  consolidated  assets  which 
represent a total of $92.3 million of additional revenue in 2021. Revenue was also higher at Kaxu. 
Damage and business interruption were covered by our insurance; however, insurance proceeds 
were recorded in “Other operating income”. In addition, revenue increased at ACT mainly due to 
higher revenue in the portion of the tariff related to operation and maintenance services, driven by 
higher operation and maintenance costs for the year 2021 compared to the previous year. At ACT, 
operation  and  maintenance  costs  are  higher  in  the  quarters  preceding  any  major  maintenance, 
which is scheduled for the beginning of 2022. 

These effects were partially offset by a 4.8% decrease in revenue from our solar assets in Spain on 
a constant currency basis, in spite of higher production in the period. The decrease results mainly 
from a negative provision that reduces revenue but has no cash impact on the current period, as 
further explained in the discussion of the EMEA region. Revenue also decreased in our solar assets 
in  North  America,  mainly  due  to  lower  solar  radiation  in  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021 
compared to the previous year and lower availability of the storage system in Solana, as previously 
described.  

Other Operating Income 

The following table details our other operating income for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 
2020:  

Other operating income 
Grants 

Insurance proceeds and other 

Total 

Year ended December 31, 

2021 

2020 

$ in millions 

60.7 

13.9 

74.6 

59.0 

40.5 

99.5 

Other  operating  income  decreased  by 25.0%  to $74.6 million  for  the year  ended  December 31, 
2021, compared to $99.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. 

“Insurance proceeds and other” for the year 2020 included $18.4 million in insurance income in 
Kaxu  in  compensation  for  the  unscheduled  outage,  as  well  as  $5.7  million  in  insurance  income 
received at Solana and Mojave in compensation for events from prior years, which are the main 
reasons for the decrease. 

“Grants” represent the financial support provided by the U.S. Department of the Treasury to Solana 
and Mojave and consist of an ITC Cash Grant and an implicit grant related to the below market 
interest rates of the project loans with the Federal Financing Bank. Grants were stable for the year 
2021 compared to the previous year. 

Employee Benefit Expenses 

Employee benefit expenses increased by 44.4% to $78.7 million for the year ended December 31, 
2021, compared to $54.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was mainly 
due to the consolidation of Coso and Rioglass. 

16 

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment Charges 

Depreciation,  amortization  and  impairment charges  increased  by 7.5%  to  $439.4  million  for  the 
year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $408.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. 
The increase was mainly due to an increase in depreciation and amortization at our solar assets in 
Spain. In September 2020 we reduced the useful life of our solar assets in Spain from 35 to 25 years 
after  COD,  which  increased  our  depreciation  and  amortization  charges  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2021 by $46.0 million compared to the previous year. In addition, the increase is also 
due to the $43.1 million impairment loss recorded in Solana in September 2021, after a triggering 
event was identified mainly due to delays in the improvements and replacements in the storage 
system  and  their  impact  on  production  in  2021,  as  well  as  to  the  increase  in  the  discount  rate. 
Depreciation,  amortization  and  impairment  charges  also  increased  due  to  the  consolidation  of 
recent acquisitions and because in 2020 this caption included a reversal of an impairment charge 
in our wind assets in Uruguay for $18.7 million in Cadonal and Palmatir, with no corresponding 
amount in 2021. 

These effects were partially offset by a reversal of the expected credit loss impairment provision at 
ACT. IFRS 9 requires impairment provisions to be based on the expected credit loss of the financial 
assets  in  addition  to  actual  credit  losses.  ACT  recorded  a  reversal  of  the  expected  credit  loss 
impairment  provision  of  $24.9  million  for  the year  ended  December  31, 2021, while  in  the year 
ended  December  31,  2020  there  was  an  increase  of  $26.6  million  in  the  expected  credit  loss 
impairment  provision.  In  addition,  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  depreciation, 
amortization and impairment charges included an equipment write-off of $48 million related to 
the Solana storage system with no corresponding amount in the current period. 

Other Operating Expenses 

The following table details our other operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021 
and 2020: 

Other operating expenses 
Raw materials 
Leases and fees 
Operation and maintenance 
Independent professional 
services 
Supplies 
Insurance 
Levies and duties 
Other expenses 
Total 

Year ended December 31, 

2021 

2020 

  $ in millions 
70.7 
9.3 
154.0 

  % of revenue 
5.8% 
0.8% 
12.7% 

  $ in millions 
7.8 
2.6 
110.9 

  % of revenue 
0.8% 
0.3% 
10.9% 

39.2 

40.8 
45.4 
29.9 
25.0 
414.3 

3.2% 

3.4% 
3.8% 
2.5% 
2.1% 
34.2% 

40.2 

27.9 
37.6 
39.8 
9.9 
276.7 

4.0% 

2.8% 
3.7% 
3.9% 
1.0% 
27.3% 

Other operating expenses increased by 49.7% to $414.3 million for the year ended December 31, 
2021, compared to $276.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, mainly due to higher raw 
material costs corresponding to the aforementioned Rioglass non-recurrent solar project. 

Other operating expenses also increased due to higher operation and maintenance costs mainly 
caused by the contribution of the recently consolidated assets for $17.9 million and higher costs at 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
ACT, since operation and maintenance costs are higher in this asset in the quarters preceding a 
major overhaul, which is scheduled to be performed at the beginning of 2022. 

In addition, the cost of supplies increased mainly because part of our supply costs are related to 
the electricity market prices, which have increased in 2021 compared to the previous year. 

Operating Profit 

As a result of the above-mentioned factors, operating profit decreased by 5.1% to $353.9 million 
for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with $373.1 million for the year ended December 
31, 2020. 

Financial Income and Financial Expense 

Financial income and financial expense 
Financial income 
Financial expense 
Net exchange differences 
Other financial income, net 
Financial expense, net 

Financial Income 

Year ended December 31, 
2021 

2020 

$ in millions 
2.7 
(361.2) 
1.9 
15.7 
(340.9) 

7.1 
(378.4) 
(1.4) 
40.9 
(331.8) 

Financial income decreased to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 
$7.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to a $3.8 million of non-monetary 
financial income resulting from the refinancing of the Cadonal project debt in 2020. 

Financial Expense  

The following table details our financial expense for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020: 

Financial expense 

Interest on loans and notes 
Interest rates losses derivatives: cash flow hedges 
Total 

Year ended December 31, 
2020 

2021 

$ in millions 

(302.5) 

(58.7)  
(361.2)  

(316.2) 
(62.1) 
(378.4) 

Financial  expense  decreased  by  4.5%  to  $361.3  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021, 
compared to $378.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. 

The decrease of “Interest on loans and notes” was mainly due to a decrease in interest on loans 
indexed to LIBOR and EURIBOR, since the reference rates were lower in the year ended December 
31, 2021 compared to the previous year. The decrease was also due to the acquisition of Liberty 
Interactive’s equity interest in Solana in August 2020, which caused a decrease of $15.0 million. In 
addition,  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  included  costs  and  expenses  related  to  the 
prepayment  of  the  Note  Issuance  Facility  2017.  This  decrease  was  partially  offset  by  the 
contribution of recently consolidated assets and by interest accruing on the Green Senior Notes 
and the Green Exchangeable, which have contributed a full year in 2021, for a total amount of $18.0 
million. 

18 

 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
Interest rate losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges correspond primarily to transfers 
from equity to financial expense when the hedged item impacts profit and loss. The decrease was 
mainly due to lower losses from the Helios 1&2 swap, which was canceled after the Helios 1&2 
project debt was refinanced in 2020 with a new fixed rate financing. This decrease was partially 
offset by higher losses in swaps hedging loans indexed to LIBOR, as a result of lower reference 
rates than in the previous year.  

Other Financial Income/(Expense), Net 

Other financial income/(expenses)  
Other financial income 
Other financial losses 
Total 

Year ended December 31, 
2020 
2021 

$ in millions 

32.3 
(16.6) 
15.7 

162.3 
(121.4) 
40.9 

Other financial income/(expense) net, decreased to a net income of $15.7 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2021 compared to a net income of $40.9 million for the year ended December 31, 
2020.  

In  the  year  2020,  Other  financial  income  includes  a  non-cash  gain  of  $145  million  from  the 
acquisition  of  Liberty  Interactive’s  equity  interest  in  Solana,  which  is  the  primary  reason  for  the 
decrease. Liberty Interactive was the tax equity investor in Solana and although the investment of 
Liberty Interactive was in shares, under IFRS it was recorded as liability. In August 2020, we acquired 
Liberty Interactive’s equity interest in Solana and recorded a gain corresponding to the difference 
between book value of Liberty Interactive’s equity interest in Solana and the total price expected 
to be paid to Liberty Interactive. For the year ended December 31, 2021, Other financial income 
includes $9.2 million income corresponding to the change in the fair value of the conversion option 
of the Green Exchangeable Notes since December 2020 and $7.6 million of income corresponding 
to the change in fair value of Kaxu derivatives, for which hedge accounting is not applied. Residual 
items  are  primarily  interest  on  deposits  and  loans,  including  non-monetary  changes  to  the 
amortized costs of such loans. 

The  decrease  in  other  financial  expenses  is  primarily  due  to  a  one-time  non-cash  loss  of  $73.0 
million caused by the refinancing of Helios 1&2 in 2020. Other financial expense includes expenses 
for  guarantees  and  letters  of  credit,  wire  transfers,  other  bank  fees  and  other  minor  financial 
expenses. 

Share of Profit of Associates Carried Under the Equity Method 

Share of profit of associates carried under the equity method increased to $12.3 million in the year 
ended December 31, 2021 compared to $0.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2020. The 
increase was primarily due to the contribution of the recently acquired Vento II and a higher profit 
in Honaine. 

19 

 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
Profit/(loss) Before Income Tax 

As a result of the previously mentioned factors, we reported a profit before income tax of $25.3 
million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to a profit before income tax of $41.8 
million for the year ended December 31, 2020. 

Income Tax 

The reconciliation between the theoretical income tax resulting from applying an average statutory 
tax  rate  to  profit  before  income  tax  and  the  actual  income  tax  expense  recognized  in  the 
consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, is as follows: 

The effective tax rate differs from the nominal tax rate mainly due to permanent differences and 
treatment of tax credits in some jurisdictions. 

Profit before tax 
Average statutory tax rate 
Corporate income tax at average statutory tax rate 
Income tax of associates, net 
Differences in statutory tax rates  
Unrecognised NOLS and deferred tax assets 
Purchase of Liberty Interactive’s equity interest in Solana 
Other Permanent differences 
Other non-taxable income/(expense) 
Corporate Income Tax 

Year ended December 31, 
2020 
2021 

$ in millions 

25.3 
25% 
(6.3) 
3.1 
(3.4) 
(11.2) 
- 
(4.1) 
(14.3) 
(36.2) 

41.8 
25% 
(10.4) 
0.1 
(0.1) 
(37.1) 
36.4 
(8.9) 
(4.7) 
(24.9) 

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the overall effective tax rate was different than the statutory 
rate of 25% primarily due to unrecognized tax losses carryforwards, mainly in the U.K. entities and 
to provisions recorded for potential tax contingencies. 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, the overall effective tax rate was different than the average 
statutory rate of 25% primarily due to unrecognized tax losses carryforwards, mainly in the U.K. 
entities, partially offset by the non-taxable gain recorded in the consolidated financial statements 
on the purchase of Liberty´s Interactive equity interest in Solana. 

Profit Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests 

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests was $19.2 million for the year ended December 31, 
2021 compared to $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Profit attributable to non-
controlling interests corresponds to the portion attributable to our partners in the assets that we 
consolidate  (Kaxu,  Skikda,  Solaben  2  &  3,  Solacor  1  &  2,  Seville  PV,  Chile  PV  1,  Chile  PV  2  and 
Tenes). The increase is due to higher profits at Kaxu and Skikda, as well as to the consolidation of 
Tenes since the second quarter of 2020. 

20 

 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Profit / (Loss) Attributable to the Parent Company 

As a result of the previously mentioned factors, loss attributable to the parent company was $30.1 
million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to a profit of $12.0 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2020. 

Our Segment Reporting 

We organize our business into the following three geographies where the contracted assets and 
concessions are located: North America, South America and EMEA. In addition, we have identified 
four business sectors based on type of activity: renewable energy, efficient natural gas and heat, 
transmission and water. We report our results in accordance with both criteria. Our Efficient natural 
gas  and  heat  segment  was  renamed  to  include  Calgary  District  Heating  which  has  been 
consolidated since its acquisition in May 2021. 

In our segment discussion, we use Adjusted EBITDA, which is an Alternative Performance Measure. 
Our management believes Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors and other users of our financial 
statements in evaluating our operating performance, as it provides them with an additional tool to 
compare business performance across companies and across periods. This measure is widely used 
by  investors  to  measure  a  company’s  operating  performance,  without  regard  to  items  such  as 
interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization, which can vary substantially from company 
to company depending upon accounting methods and book value of assets, capital structure and 
the method by which assets were acquired. This measure is widely used by other companies in our 
industry. Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA as a measure of operating performance to assist 
in comparing performance from period to period and we aim to use it on a consistent basis moving 
forward and to readily view operating trends, as a measure for planning and forecasting overall 
expectations  and  for  evaluating  actual  results  against  such  expectations,  as  well  as  in 
communications  with  our  Board  of  Directors,  shareholders,  creditors,  analysts  and  investors 
concerning our financial performance. 

Year ended December 31, 

2021 

2020 

Revenue by geography 
North America 
South America 
EMEA 
Total revenue 

$ in millions 
395.8 
155.0 
660.9 
1,211.7 

% of revenue 

$ in millions 

% of revenue 

32.7% 
12.9% 
54.5% 
100.0% 

330.9 
151.5 
530.9 
1,013.3 

32.6% 
15.0% 
52.4% 
100% 

Adjusted EBITDA by geography 
North America 
South America 
EMEA 
Adjusted EBITDA(1) 
Note: 

Year ended December 31, 

2021 

2020 

$ in millions 
311.8 
119.6 
393.0 
824.4 

% of revenue 
78.8% 
77.2% 
59.5% 
68.0% 

$ in millions 
279.4 
120.0 
396.7 
796.1 

% of revenue 
84.4% 
79.2% 
74.7% 
78.6% 

(1)  Adjusted  EBITDA  is  calculated  as  profit/(loss)  for  the  year  attributable  to  the  parent  company,  after  adding  back  loss/(profit) 

attributable  to  non-controlling  interest,  income  tax  expense,  financial  expense  (net),  depreciation,  amortization  and  impairment 

charges of entities included in the Annual Consolidated Financial Statements and Depreciation and amortization, financial expense 

and income tax expense of unconsolidated affiliates (pro-rata of our equity ownership). Adjusted EBITDA previously excluded share 

of profit/(loss) of associates carried under the equity method and did not include depreciation and amortization, financial expense 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
and  income  tax  expense  of  unconsolidated  affiliates  (pro-rata  of  our  equity  ownership).  Prior  periods  have  been  presented 

accordingly.  Adjusted  EBITDA  is  not  a  measure  of  performance  under  IFRS  as  issued  by  the  IASB  and  you  should  not  consider 

Adjusted EBITDA as an alternative to operating income or profits or as a measure of our operating performance, cash flows from 

operating,  investing  and  financing  activities  or  as  a  measure  of  our  ability  to  meet  our  cash  needs  or  any  other  measures  of 

performance under generally accepted accounting principles. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is a useful indicator of our ability to 

incur and service our indebtedness and can assist securities analysts, investors and other parties to evaluate us. Adjusted EBITDA 

and  similar  measures  are  used  by  different  companies  for  different  purposes  and  are  often  calculated  in  ways  that  reflect  the 

circumstances of those companies. Adjusted EBITDA may not be indicative of our historical operating results, nor is it meant to be 

predictive of potential future results. See Financial Measures (see note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).  

Volume by geography 
North America (GWh)(1) 

North America availability(1) 

South America (GWh)(2) 

South America availability 

EMEA (GWh) 

EMEA availability 

Volume produced/availability 
Year ended December 31, 

2021 

2020 

4,818 

100.6% 

722 

100.0% 

1,407 

97.9% 

3,908 

102.1% 

667 

100.0% 

1,243 

100.1% 

Note: 
(1)  GWh produced includes 30% of the production from Monterrey and our 49% of Vento II wind portfolio production 

since its acquisition  
Includes curtailment production in wind assets for which we receive compensation 

(2) 

North America 

Revenue increased by 19.6% to $395.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared 
to  $330.9  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020.  The  increase  was  mainly  due  to  the 
contribution from the recently acquired assets, Coso and Calgary. The increase was also caused by 
higher  revenue  at  ACT  mainly  due  to  the  higher  revenue  in  the  portion  of  the  tariff  related  to 
operation and maintenance services, driven by higher operation and maintenance costs for year 
ended December 31, 2021. This increase was partially offset by a 2.4% decrease in revenue at our 
solar assets in North America, mainly due to lower radiation in Arizona and lower availability of the 
Solana storage system, as previously described. 

Adjusted  EBITDA  increased  by  11.6%  to  $311.8  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021, 
compared to $279.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Adjusted EBITDA increased due 
to the recently acquired assets Coso, Vento II and Calgary. This effect was partially offset by lower 
Adjusted  EBITDA  at  our  solar  assets  in  North  America  mainly  due  to  lower  revenue  and  to  the 
insurance income received in the year 2020 amounting to $5.7 million. Adjusted EBITDA was also 
lower at ACT due to higher operation and maintenance expenses in 2021. Adjusted EBITDA margin 
decreased to 78.8% for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 84.4% for year ended 
December 31, 2020, mainly due to the events described above and to the lower margins of the 
recently acquired assets. 

South America 

Revenue increased by 2.3% to $155.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 
$151.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Adjusted EBITDA remained stable at $119.6 
million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  compared  to  $120.0  million  for  the  year  ended 
22 

 
 
 
December 31, 2020. The increase in revenue was primarily due to the contribution of Chile PV 1 
and  Chile  PV  2.  This  increase  was  offset  by  lower  revenue  and  Adjusted  EBITDA  from  our  wind 
assets in Uruguay, resulting mainly from lower wind resource. Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased 
slightly to 77.2% for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 79.2% for the year ended 
December 31, 2020 mainly due to lower Adjusted EBITDA margins in the assets recently acquired. 

EMEA 

Revenue increased by 24.5% to $660.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared 
to $530.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. On a constant currency basis, revenue for 
the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  was  $636.9  million,  which  represents  an  increase  of  20.0% 
compared to 2020. On a constant currency basis and excluding the aforementioned Rioglass non-
recurrent solar project, revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021, was $551.5 million, which 
represents an increase of 3.9% compared to 2020. The increase was primarily due to higher revenue 
at  Kaxu,  where  an  unscheduled  outage  affected  production  in  part  of  the  first  quarter  of  2020. 
Property  damage  and  business  interruption  were  covered  by  our  insurance;  however,  insurance 
proceeds  were  recorded  in  “Other  operating  income”.  Revenue  also  increased  due  to  the 
contribution from Tenes, fully consolidated since the second quarter of 2020. At our solar assets in 
Spain, revenue decreased by 4.8% on a constant currency basis in spite of higher production in the 
period  mainly  due  to  a  non-cash  negative  provision  related  to  higher  than  historical  electricity 
prices. Electricity market prices have been higher than expected and the regulation establishes a 
compensation mechanism under which regulated revenue is revised every three years to reflect the 
difference between expected and actual market prices if the difference is higher than a pre-defined 
threshold. Current higher market prices in Spain will therefore cause lower regulated revenue to be 
received  progressively  over  the  remaining  regulatory  life  of  our  solar  assets.  As  a  result,  we 
recorded a negative provision with no cash impact in the current period for $77 million that reduced 
our revenue in 2021. Due to methodology used in the calculation, revenue from sales of electricity 
at market prices, net of the provision, decreased by approximately $10 million, which is the main 
reason for the decrease in revenue in our solar assets in Spain. 

Adjusted  EBITDA  decreased  by  0.9%  to  $393.0  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021, 
compared to $396.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. On a constant currency basis, 
Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2021, was $375.9 million which represents a 
decrease  of  5.2%  compared  to  2020.  On  a  constant  currency  basis  and  excluding  the 
aforementioned  Rioglass  non-recurrent  solar  project,  Adjusted  EBITDA  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2021, was $374.9 million which represents a decrease of 5.5% compared to 2020. 
This  decrease  was  mainly  caused  by  lower  revenue  in  our  solar  assets  in  Spain  as  previously 
explained and to higher supply costs, since the prices are partially linked to electricity prices, and 
was partially offset by the contribution of Tenes and the recently acquired assets in Italy as well as 
higher Adjusted EBITDA at Kaxu. Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased to 59.5% for the year ended 
December  31,  2021,  compared  to  74.7%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  mainly  due  to 
lower margin at the Rioglass non-recurrent solar project and  to the higher than usual Adjusted 
EBITDA margin in Kaxu in the year 2020 due to insurance proceeds recorded in “Other Operating 
Income”.

23 

 
 
 
Revenue by business sector 

Renewable 
Efficient natural gas & heat 
Transmission lines 
Water 
Total revenue 

Adjusted EBITDA by business 
sector 
Renewable energy 
Efficient natural gas and heat 
Transmission lines 
Water 
Adjusted EBITDA(1) 

Year ended December 31, 
2021 

2020 

$ in 
millions 

928.5 
123.7 
105.6 
53.9 
1,211.7 

% of revenue 

76.6% 
10.2% 
8.7% 
4.5% 
100.0% 

$ in 
millions 

753.1 
111.0 
106.1 
43.1 
1,013.3 

% of revenue 

74.3% 
11.0% 
10.5% 
4.2% 
100.0% 

Year ended December 31, 

2021 

2020 

$ in millions 

% of 
Revenue 

$ in 
millions 

% of 
revenue 

602.6 
100.0 
83.6 
38.2 
824.4 

64.9% 
80.8% 
79.5% 
70.9% 
68.0% 

576.3 
101.0 
87.3 
31.5 
796.1 

76.5% 
91.0% 
82.3% 
73.1% 
78.6% 

Note: 
(1)  Adjusted  EBITDA  is  calculated  as  profit/(loss)  for  the  year  attributable  to  the  parent  company,  after  adding  back  loss/(profit) 

attributable to non-controlling interest, income tax expense, financial expense (net), depreciation, amortization and impairment 

charges of entities included in the Annual Consolidated Financial Statements and Depreciation and amortization, financial expense 

and income tax expense of unconsolidated affiliates (pro-rata of our equity ownership). Adjusted EBITDA previously excluded share 

of profit/(loss) of associates carried under the equity method and did not include depreciation and amortization, financial expense 

and  income  tax  expense  of  unconsolidated  affiliates  (pro-rata  of  our  equity  ownership).  Prior  periods  have  been  presented 

accordingly. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of performance under IFRS as issued by the IASB and you should not consider 

Adjusted EBITDA as an alternative to operating income or profits or as a measure of our operating performance, cash flows from 

operating,  investing  and  financing  activities  or  as  a  measure  of  our  ability  to  meet  our  cash  needs  or  any  other  measures  of 

performance under generally accepted accounting principles. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is a useful indicator of our ability 

to incur and service our indebtedness and can assist securities analysts, investors and other parties to evaluate us. Adjusted EBITDA 

and  similar  measures  are  used  by  different  companies  for  different  purposes  and  are  often  calculated  in  ways  that  reflect  the 

circumstances of those companies. Adjusted EBITDA may not be indicative of our historical operating results, nor is it meant to be 

predictive of potential future results. See Financial Measures (see note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).  

Volume produced/availability 
Year ended December 31, 

Volume by business sector 
Renewable energy (GWh)(1) 
Efficient natural gas & Heat (GWh) (2) 
Efficient natural gas & Heat 
availability 
Transmission lines availability 
Water availability 

2021 
4,655 
2,292 

100.6% 

100.0% 
97.9% 

2020 
3,244 
2,574 

102.1% 

100.0% 
100.1% 

Note: 
(1) 

(2) 

Includes curtailment production in wind assets for which we receive compensation. Includes our 49% of Vento II 
wind portfolio production since its acquisition. 
GWh produced includes 30% of the production from Monterrey. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Renewable Energy 

Revenue increased by 23.3% to $928.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared 
to $753.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. On a constant currency basis, revenue for 
the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  was  $904.4  million,  which  represents  an  increase  of  20.1% 
compared to 2020. On a constant currency basis and excluding the aforementioned Rioglass non-
recurrent solar project, revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021, was $819.1 million, which 
represents an increase of 8.8% compared to 2020. Adjusted EBITDA increased by 4.6% to $602.6 
million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $576.3 million for 2020. On a constant 
currency basis, Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2021, was $585.5 million, which 
represents an increase of 1.6% compared to 2020. On a constant currency basis and excluding the 
aforementioned  Rioglass  non-recurrent  solar  project,  Adjusted  EBITDA  for  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2021,  was  $584.5  million,  a  1.4%  increase  compared  to  the  previous  year.  The 
increase in revenue and Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to the contribution from the recently 
acquired assets Coso, Vento II, Chile PV1, Chile PV2, Italy PV 1, Italy PV 2 and Italy PV 3. Revenue 
and Adjusted EBITDA also increased due to higher revenue at Kaxu as previously explained. The 
increase in revenue was partially offset by the decrease in revenue in Spain with no cash impact in 
the current period, as previously explained. The increase in Adjusted EBITDA was partially offset by 
higher  supply  costs  in  Spain  since  the  prices  are  partially  linked  to  electricity  prices.  Adjusted 
EBITDA margin decreased to 64.9% for the year ended December 31, 2021, from 76.5% for the year 
ended  December  31,  2020,  mainly  due  to  lower  margin  at  the  non-recurrent  one-off  project 
previously described, higher than usual Adjusted EBITDA margin at Kaxu in 2020 due to insurance 
proceeds recorded in “Other Operating Income” and lower Adjusted EBITDA margins at some of 
the recently acquired assets. 

Efficient Natural Gas and Heat  

Revenue increased by 11.4% to $123.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared 
to $111.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, while Adjusted EBITDA decreased by 1.0% 
to $100.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $101.0 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2020. At ACT, operation and maintenance costs are higher in the quarters 
preceding any major maintenance works, the next of which is scheduled at the beginning of 2022. 
Revenue  increased  due  to  higher  operation  and  maintenance  costs,  since  there  is  a  portion  of 
revenue related to operation and maintenance services plus a margin. Revenue also increased due 
to  the  contribution  from  the  recently  acquired  Calgary  district  heating  asset.  Adjusted  EBITDA 
margin decreased due to these higher operation and maintenance costs. 

Transmission Lines 

Revenue remained stable at $105.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 
$106.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Adjusted EBITDA also remained stable at 
$83.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $87.3 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2020. 

Water 

Revenue increased by 25.0% to $53.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 
$43.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Adjusted EBITDA increased by 21.3% to $38.2 
million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  compared  to  $31.5  million  for  the  year  ended 

25 

 
 
 
December  31,  2020.  The  increases  were  mainly  due  to  the  contribution  from  Tenes,  which  we 
started  to  consolidate  on  May  31,  2020.  Adjusted  EBITDA  margin  was  stable  compared  to  the 
previous year. 

Liquidity and Capital Resources 

Our principal liquidity and capital requirements consist of the following: 

•  debt service requirements on our existing and future debt; 
•  cash dividends to investors; and 
•  investments in new assets and companies and operations. 

As  a  normal  part  of  our  business,  depending  on  market  conditions,  we  will  from  time  to  time 
consider opportunities to repay, redeem, repurchase or refinance our indebtedness. Changes in 
our operating plans, lower than anticipated sales, increased expenses, acquisitions or other events 
may  cause  us  to  seek  additional  debt  or  equity  financing  in  future  periods.  There  can  be  no 
guarantee that financing will be available on acceptable terms or at all. Debt financing, if available, 
could  impose  additional  cash  payment  obligations  and  additional  covenants  and  operating 
restrictions.  In  addition,  any  of  the  items  discussed  in  detail  under  the  “Principal  risks  and 
uncertainties” section of this report. 

Liquidity Position 

Corporate liquidity 
Cash and cash equivalents at Atlantica Sustainable 
Infrastructure, plc, excluding subsidiaries 
Revolving credit facility availability 
Total Corporate liquidity 
Liquidity at project companies 
Restricted cash  
Non-restricted cash 
Total cash at project companies 

Year ended December 31, 
2021 

2020 

$ in millions 

88.3 

440.0 
528.3 

254.3 
280.1 
534.4 

335.2 

415.0 
750.2 

279.8 
253.5 
533.3 

Cash at the project level includes $254.3 million and $279.8 million restricted cash balances as of 
December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Restricted cash consists primarily of funds required to 
meet  the  requirements  of  certain  project  debt  arrangements.  In  the  case  of  Solana,  part  of  the 
restricted cash was being used and is expected to be used for equipment replacement. Restricted 
cash  also  includes  Kaxu’s  cash  balance,  given  that  the  project  financing of  this  asset  is  under  a 
theoretical event of default. 

Non-restricted cash at project companies includes among others, the cash that is required for day-
to-day management of the companies, as well as amounts that are earmarked to be used for debt 
service in the future.  

As of December 31, 2021, $10 million of letters of credit were outstanding under the Revolving 
Credit Facility and we had no borrowings. In March 2021 we increased the notional amount of this 
facility from $425 million to $450 million and extended its maturity to December 2023. As a result, 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
as  of  December  30,  2021  $440  million  was  available  under  our  Revolving  Credit  Facility.  As  of 
December 31, 2020, we had no borrowings, $10 million of letters of credit were outstanding and 
$415 million was available under our Revolving Credit Facility. 

Management  believes  that  the  Company's  liquidity  position,  cash  flows  from  operations  and 
availability  under  its  revolving  credit  facility  will  be  adequate  to  meet  the  Company's  financial 
commitments and debt obligations; growth, operating and maintenance capital expenditures; and 
dividend distributions to shareholders. Management continues to regularly monitor the Company's 
ability to finance the needs of its operating, financing and investing activities within the guidelines 
of prudent balance sheet management. 

Credit Ratings 

Credit rating agencies rate us and part of our debt securities. These ratings are used by the debt 
markets to evaluate our credit risk. Ratings influence the price paid to issue new debt securities as 
they indicate to the market our ability to pay principal, interest and dividends.  

In March and April 2021 both Fitch and S&P upgraded Atlantica’s corporate rating to BB+.  The 
following table summarizes our credit ratings as of December 31, 2021. The ratings outlook is stable 
for S&P and Fitch. 

Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure corporate rating 
Senior secured debt 
Senior unsecured debt 

Sources of Liquidity 

S&P 

BB+ 
BBB- 
BB 

Fitch 

BB+ 
BBB- 
BB+ 

We  expect  our  ongoing  sources  of  liquidity  to  include  cash  on  hand,  cash  generated  from  our 
operations,  project  debt  arrangements,  corporate  debt  and  the  issuance  of  additional  equity 
securities, as appropriate, and given market conditions. Our financing agreements consist mainly 
of the project-level financing for our various assets and our corporate debt financings, including 
our Green Exchangeable Notes, the Note Issuance Facility 2020, the 2020 Green Private Placement, 
the Green Senior Notes, the Revolving Credit Facility and our commercial paper program.  

A) Corporate Debt Agreements 

▪  Green Senior Notes 

On May 18, 2021, we issued the Green Senior Notes with an aggregate principal amount of 
$400 million due in 2028. The Green Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.125% per year, 
payable on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing December 15, 2021, and will 
mature on June 15, 2028. 

The Green Senior Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture, dated May 18, 2021, by and 
among  Atlantica  as  issuer,  Atlantica  Peru  S.A.,  ACT  Holding,  S.A.  de  C.V.,  Atlantica 
Infraestructura  Sostenible,  S.L.U.,  Atlantica  Investments  Limited,  Atlantica  Newco  Limited, 
Atlantica North America LLC, as guarantors, BNY Mellon Corporate Trustee Services Limited, 
as trustee, The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch, as paying agent, and The Bank of 
New York Mellon SA/NV, Dublin Branch, as registrar and transfer agent. 

27 

 
 
 
 
  
    
    
   
   
   
   
   
Our  obligations  under  the  Green  Senior  Notes  rank  equal  in  right  of  payment  with  our 
outstanding obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility, the 2020 Green Private Placement, 
the Note Issuance Facility 2020 and the Green Exchangeable Notes. 

▪  Green Exchangeable Notes 

On  July  17,  2020,  we  issued  4.00%  Green  Exchangeable  Notes  amounting  to  an  aggregate 
principal amount of $100 million due in 2025. On July 29, 2020, we issued an additional $15 
million aggregate principal amount  in Green Exchangeable Notes. The Green Exchangeable 
Notes are the senior unsecured obligations of Atlantica Jersey, a wholly owned subsidiary of 
Atlantica, and fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Atlantica on a senior, unsecured basis. 
The  notes  mature  on  July  15,  2025,  unless  they  are  repurchased  or  redeemed  earlier  by 
Atlantica or exchanged, and bear interest at a rate of 4.00% per annum. 

Noteholders may exchange all or any portion of their notes at their option at any time prior to 
the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding April 15, 2025, only 
during certain periods and upon satisfaction of certain conditions. Noteholders may exchange 
all or any portion of their notes during any calendar quarter if the last reported sale price of 
Atlantica’s ordinary shares for at least 20 trading days during a period of 30 consecutive trading 
days, ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater 
than 120% of the exchange price on each applicable trading day. On or after April 15, 2025, 
until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the 
maturity date thereof, noteholders may exchange any of their notes at any time, at the option 
of the noteholder. Upon exchange, the notes may be settled, at our election, into Atlantica 
ordinary shares, cash or a combination of both. The initial exchange rate of the notes is 29.1070 
ordinary shares per $1,000 of the principal amount of notes (which is equivalent to an initial 
exchange price of $34.36 per ordinary share). The exchange rate is subject to adjustment upon 
the occurrence of certain events. 

Our obligations under the Green Exchangeable Notes rank equal in right of payment with our 
outstanding obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility, the 2020 Green Private Placement, 
the Note Issuance Facility 2020 and the Green Senior Notes. 

▪  Note Issuance Facility 2020 

On July 8, 2020, we entered into the Note Issuance Facility 2020, a senior unsecured euro-
denominated financing with a group of funds managed by Westbourne Capital as purchasers 
of the notes issued thereunder for a total amount of approximately $159 million (€140 million). 
The notes under the Note Issuance Facility 2020 were issued on August 12, 2020 and are due 
on August 12, 2027. Interest accrues at a rate per annum equal to the sum of the 3-month 
EURIBOR plus a margin of 5.25% with a floor of 0% for the EURIBOR. We have entered into a 
cap at 0% for the EURIBOR with 3.5 years maturity to hedge the variable interest rate risk. 

Our obligations under the Note Issuance Facility 2020 rank equal in right of payment with our 
outstanding obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility, the 2020 Green Private Placement, 
the Green Exchangeable Notes and the Green Senior Notes. The notes issued under the Note 
Issuance Facility 2020 are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by our subsidiaries Atlantica 
Infraestructura  Sostenible,  S.L.U.,  Atlantica  Peru,  S.A.,  ACT  Holding,  S.A.  de  C.V.,  Atlantica 
Investments Limited, Atlantica Newco Limited and Atlantica North America LLC. 

28 

 
 
 
▪  2020 Green Private Placement 

On March 20, 2020, we entered into a senior secured note purchase agreement with a group 
of institutional investors as purchasers providing for the 2020 Green Private Placement. The 
transaction closed on April 1, 2020 and we issued notes for a total principal amount of €290 
million (approximately $330 million), maturing on June 20, 2026. Interest accrues at a rate per 
annum  equal  to  1.96%.  If  at  any  time  the  rating  of  these  senior  secured  notes  is  below 
investment grade, the interest rate thereon would increase by 100 basis points until such notes 
are again rated investment grade. 

Our obligations under the 2020 Green Private Placement rank equal in right of payment with 
our outstanding obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility, the Note Issuance Facility 2020 
and the Green Senior Notes. Our payment obligations under the 2020 Green Private Placement 
are  guaranteed  on  a  senior  secured  basis  by  our  subsidiaries  Atlantica  Infraestructura 
Sostenible, S.L.U., Atlantica Peru, S.A., ACT Holding, S.A. de C.V., Atlantica Investments Limited, 
Atlantica Newco Limited and Atlantica North America LLC. The 2020 Green Private Placement 
is also secured with a pledge over the shares of the subsidiary guarantors, the collateral of 
which is shared with the lenders under the Revolving Credit Facility. 

▪  Note Issuance Facility 2019 

On April 30, 2019, we entered into the Note Issuance Facility 2019, a senior unsecured financing 
with  a  group  of  funds  managed  by  Westbourne  Capital  as  purchasers  of  the  notes  issued 
thereunder for a total amount of €268 million, approximately $305 million. In June 2021 we 
prepaid the Note Issuance Facility 2019 in full before maturity in accordance with the terms 
thereof, with the proceeds of the Green Senior Notes. 

▪  Revolving Credit Facility 

On May 10, 2018, we entered into a $215 million Revolving Credit Facility with a syndicate of 
banks. The Revolving Credit Facility was increased by $85 million to $300 million on January 
25, 2019 and was further increased by $125 million (to a total limit of $425 million) on August 
2, 2019. On March 1, 2021, this facility was further increased by $25 million (to a total limit of 
$450  million)  and  the  maturity  date  was  extended  to  December  31,  2023.  In  addition,  the 
lenders under the Revolving Credit Facility have the option to extend the maturity date of all 
or any portion of their commitments and/or loans for additional consecutive 365-day periods, 
upon request from us subject to certain conditions. Under the Revolving Credit Facility, we are 
also able to request the issuance of letters of credit, which are subject to a sublimit of $100 
million that are included in the aggregate commitments available under the Revolving Credit 
Facility. 

Loans under the Revolving Credit Facility accrue interest at a rate per annum equal to: (A) for 
Eurodollar rate loans, LIBOR plus a percentage determined by reference to our leverage ratio, 
ranging between 1.60% and 2.25% and (B) for base rate loans, the highest of (i) the rate per 
annum equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight U.S. Federal funds transactions 
with members of the U.S. Federal Reserve System arranged by U.S. federal funds brokers on 
such day plus 1 /2 of 1.00%, (ii) the prime rate of the administrative agent under the Revolving 
Credit  Facility  and  (iii)  LIBOR  plus  1.00%,  in  any  case,  plus  a  percentage  determined  by 
reference to our leverage ratio, ranging between 0.60% and 1.00%. 

29 

 
 
 
Our obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility rank equal in right of payment with our 
outstanding obligations under the 2020 Green Private Placement, the Note Issuance Facility 
2020, the Green Exchangeable Notes and the Green Senior Notes. Our payment obligations 
under  the  Revolving  Credit  Facility  are  guaranteed  on  a  senior  secured  basis  by  Atlantica 
Infraestructura  Sostenible,  S.L.U.,  Atlantica  Peru,  S.A.,  ACT  Holding,  S.A.  de  C.V.,  Atlantica 
Investments Limited, Atlantica Newco Limited and Atlantica North America LLC. The Revolving 
Credit Facility is also secured with a pledge over the shares of the subsidiary guarantors, the 
collateral of which is shared with the holders of the notes issued under the 2020 Green Private 
Placement. 

▪  Other Credit Lines  

In July 2017, we signed a line of credit with a bank for up to €10.0 million (approximately $11.4 
million)  which  was  available  in  euros  or  U.S.  dollars.  On  June  30,  2021,  the  maturity  was 
extended to July 1, 2023. Amounts drawn accrue interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum 
of the 3-month EURIBOR or LIBOR, plus a margin of 2%, with a floor of 0% for the EURIBOR or 
LIBOR. As of December 31, 2021, $8.2 million were drawn down. 

In December 2020, we also entered into a loan with a bank for €5 million ($5.7 million). The 
maturity  date  is December  4, 2025.  The  loan accrues  interest  at  a  rate  per  annum  equal  to 
2.50%. 

▪  Commercial Paper Program 

On  October  8,  2019,  we  filed  a  euro  commercial  paper  program  with  the  Alternative  Fixed 
Income Market (MARF) in Spain. The program had an original maturity of twelve months and 
has been extended twice, for annual periods. The program allows Atlantica to issue short term 
notes for up to €50 million, with such notes having a tenor of up to two years. As of December 
31, 2021, we had €21.5 million ($24.4 million) issued and outstanding under the Commercial 
Paper Program at an average cost of 0.36%. 

▪  Covenants, restrictions and events of default  

The Note Issuance Facility 2020, the 2020 Green Private Placement, the Green Senior Notes 
and the Revolving Credit Facility contain covenants that limit certain of our and the guarantors’ 
activities. The Note Issuance Facility 2020, the 2020 Green Private Placement and the Green 
Exchangeable Notes also contain customary events of default, including a cross-default, with 
respect to our indebtedness, indebtedness of the guarantors thereunder and indebtedness of 
our material non-recourse subsidiaries (project-subsidiaries) representing more than 25% of 
our  cash  available  for  distribution  distributed  in  the  previous  four  fiscal  quarters,  which  in 
excess of certain thresholds could trigger a default. Additionally, under the 2020 Green Private 
Placement, the Revolving Credit Facility and the Note Issuance Facility 2020 we are required 
to comply with a leverage ratio of our corporate indebtedness excluding non-recourse project 
debt to our cash available for distribution of 5.00:1.00 (which may be increased under certain 
conditions to 5.50:1.00 for a limited period in the event we consummate certain acquisitions). 

30 

 
 
 
 
At-The-Market Program 

On August 3, 2021, we established an “at-the-market program” and entered into the Distribution 
Agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as sales agent, under which we may offer and sell from 
time to time up to $150 million of our ordinary shares, including in “at-the-market” offerings under 
our universal shelf registration statement on Form F-3 and a prospectus supplement that we filed 
on August 3, 2021. During the third and fourth quarters of 2021, we have issued 1.6 million shares 
under the program at an average market price of $38.43 per share pursuant to  the Distribution 
Agreement, representing gross proceeds of $62 million and net proceeds of $61.4 million. 

Use of Liquidity and Capital Requirements 

A) Debt service 

Principal payments on debt as of December 31, 2021, are due in the following periods according 
to their contracted maturities: 

$ in millions 
Project Debt 
Corporate Debt  
Total Debt 

2022 

2023 

2024 

2025 

2026 

Subsequent 
Years 

Total 

335.4 
27.9 
363.3 

356.0 
10.1 
366.1 

369.5 
1.9 
371.4 

498.7(1) 
106.2 
604.9 

411.5 
327.1 
738.6 

3,065.1 
550.0 
3,615.1 

5,036.2 
1,023.1 
6,059.3 

Note: 
(1) 

Includes the outstanding amount of the Green Project Finance from the sub-holding company of Solaben 1 & 6 and Solaben 2 & 
3. This facility is 25% progressively amortized over its 5-year term and the remaining 75% is expected to be refinanced before 
maturity. 

The project debt maturities will be repaid with cash flows generated from the projects in respect 
of which that financing was incurred. 

B)  Contractual obligations 

In addition to the principal repayment debt obligations detailed above, we have other contractual 
obligations to make future payments. 

Purchase commitments 
Accrued interest estimate during 
the useful life of loans 

Total 

  Up to one 
year 

Between 
one and 
three years 

Between 
three and 
five years 

  Subsequent 
years 

$ in millions 

1,570.8       

79.2        191.2     

159.3       

1,141.1   

2,029.4       

267.6        497.6       

427.2       

837.0 

Purchase obligations include agreements for the purchase of goods or services that are enforceable 
and legally binding on the combined group and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or 
minimum  quantities  to  be  purchased,  fixed,  minimum  or  variable  price  provisions  and  the 
appropriate timing of the transactions. In the first quarter of 2022, we have reached an agreement 
to  internalize  some  of  our  long-term  operation  and  maintenance  contracts  and  to  reduce  the 
duration of other contracts. 

Accrued  interest  estimate  during  the  useful  life  of  loans  represents  the  estimation  for  the  total 
amount of interest to be paid or accumulated over the useful life of the loans, notes and bonds, 
taking into consideration the hedging contracts. 

31 

 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
  
C) Cash dividends to investors  

We intend to distribute a significant portion of our cash available for distribution to shareholders 
on an annual basis, less all cash expenses including corporate debt service and corporate general 
and administrative expenses and less reserves for the prudent conduct of our business (including, 
among other things, dividend shortfall as a result of fluctuations in our cash flows), on an annual 
basis. We intend to distribute a quarterly dividend to shareholders. Our Board of Directors may, by 
resolution, amend the cash dividend policy at any time. The determination of the amount of the 
cash dividends to be paid to shareholders will be made by our Board of Directors and will depend 
upon our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, long-term prospects and any other 
matters that our Board of Directors deem relevant. 

Our cash available for distribution is likely to fluctuate from quarter to quarter and, in some cases, 
significantly as a result of the seasonality of our assets, the terms of our financing arrangements, 
maintenance and outage schedules, among other factors. Accordingly, during quarters in which 
our projects generate cash available for distribution in excess of the amount necessary for us to 
pay our stated quarterly dividend, we may reserve a portion of the excess to fund cash distributions 
in  future  quarters.  During  quarters  in  which  we  do  not  generate  sufficient  cash  available  for 
distribution to fund our stated quarterly cash dividend, if our Board of Directors so determines, we 
may use retained cash flow from other quarters, and other sources of cash. 

Declared 
Feb 26, 2021 
May 4, 2021 
July 30, 2021 
Nov 9, 2021 
Feb 25, 2022 

Record 
March 12, 2021 
May 31, 2021 
Aug 31, 2021 
Nov 30, 2021 
March 14, 2022 

Paid 
March 22, 2021 
June 15, 2021 
Sep 15, 2021 
Dec 15, 2021 
March 25, 2022 

Amount (US$) 
0.42 
0.43 
0.43 
0.435 
0.44 

D) Investments and Acquisitions 

The acquisitions detailed in the section “Events during the period, Investments” of this Consolidated 
Annual Report have been part of our use of liquidity in 2021 and are expected to be part of our 
use of liquidity in 2022. In addition, we have made investments in assets which are currently under 
development or construction. We expect to continue making investments in assets in operation or 
under construction or development to grow our portfolio. 

E)  Capital Expenditures 

In  some  cases,  maintenance  capex  is  included  in  the  operation  and  maintenance  agreement, 
therefore it is included in operating expenses within our Income Statement. 

Principal Risks and Uncertainties  

The Board is responsible for the effective oversight of the Company’s risk management framework, 
and corporate governance processes.  

Risk management day-to-day activities are led by the Head of Risk Management who reports to 
the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee responsibilities include reviewing the effectiveness of 
the Company’s Internal Controls and Risk Management, evaluating Compliance, Whistleblowing 
and Anti-Fraud policies, as well as procedures and tools implemented by the Company.  

32 

 
 
 
 
 
Atlantica has developed a risk analysis methodology based on ISO 31000 standard and on common 
market practices. The risk analysis comprises the following steps: 

-  Risk Identification (ex-ante): identify causes that may turn into a risk situation, classifying those 

potential causes as natural, human, intentioned, accidental and technological. 
-  Risk Assessment: evaluate the risk considering its likelihood and potential impact. 
-  Risk  Management  Plan:  focused  on  mitigating  risk  effects.  To  prevent  unexpected  events, 

Atlantica’s  corporate  team  in  collaboration  with geographic  VPs,  analyze  unexpected  risks  in 

each of our geographies and define a Prevention and Mitigation Plan for each risk.  

The  Head  of  Risk  Management  coordinates  the  risk  identification,  assessment,  monitoring  and 
mitigation effort principally with the geographic VPs. The resulting Risk Heat Map is periodically 
reviewed  and  approved  by  the  senior  management  team  including  Atlantica’s  VPs,  the  Chief 
Financial Officer and the Chief Executive Officer.  

Atlantica’s  risk  management  process  follows  a  multidisciplinary  approach  to  identifying  risks  in 
different  areas,  assigning  probability  distributions  and  estimating  potential  economic  impact  in 
order to develop action plans to mitigate the main risks facing the Company. The process includes 
completing  a  questionnaire  regarding  risk  indicators  and  economic  impact.  An  output  of  the 
process includes reporting on each major risk including the risk assessment, mitigation strategies, 
deadlines and responsible parties. Risks are re-assessed on a quarterly basis. 

The Finance Committee monitors market risks such as, interest rate and foreign exchange risk, and 
is also responsible for monitoring and managing liquidity risks. 

In addition, the Operations Department is responsible for monitoring and preventing health and 
safety, operational and environmental risks. 

The  Company  and  its  underlying  assets  are  subject  to  a  number  of  risks  including  operational, 
regulatory, financial and other. The processes and systems implemented have been designed to 
mitigate those risks to the extent possible. We include the following table as a summary of some 
of those risks and action plans carried out to mitigate them: 

Risk / Impact 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

Risks  related  to  our  Business  and  our 
Assets 

Our  failure  to  maintain  safe  work 
to 
environments  may  expose  us 
significant  financial  losses,  as  well  as 
civil and criminal liabilities. 

The  facilities  we  operate  often  put  our 
employees and others, including those of 

our  subcontractors,  in  close  proximity 
large  pieces  of  mechanized 
with 
vehicles, 
equipment, 
manufacturing  or  industrial  processes, 
electrical  equipment,  heat  or 
liquids 
stored  under  pressure  or  at  high 

moving 

In 2021 all our key health and safety indicators 
met annual targets and remained below sector 
average.  2021  GFI  was  6.0  and  FWLI  was  2.3, 
in  2020  (see 
compared  to  5.0  and  1.4 
“Occupational Health and Safety”). 

-  The short-term variable compensation of 
our  CEO,  geographic  VPs,  Head  of 
Operations  and  other  members  of  our 
management  include  Health  and  Safety 
targets. 

Although our ratios remain low, the FWLI and 
GFI  increased  with  respect  to  the  previous 
year, which is mostly due to safety accidents at 
one  of  the  assets  acquired  in  2021.  We  are 
working  on 
recently 
acquired  assets  in  order  to  implement  our 
strong safety culture.  

integration  of 

the 

-  Atlantica  has  implemented  a  Health  and 
Safety  program;  which  is  key  to  mitigate 
this risk and has been in place since 2017. 
We 
regularly  audit  our  assets  and 
implement  new  best  practices  based  on 
lessons learned in other assets, as well as 
from peers, contractors and suppliers 

We  continue  to  closely  monitor  all  accidents 
incidents  and  expect  to  set  more 
and 

33 

-  We have a Safety App for mobile devices 
subcontractors’ 

employees 

and 

for 

 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

regulated 
temperatures  and  highly 
materials.  On  most  projects  and  at  most 
facilities, we, together in some cases with 
the operation and maintenance supplier, 
are responsible for safety. Accordingly, we 
must implement  safe practice and safety 
procedures,  which  are  also  applicable  to 
on-site subcontractors. 

if 

If  we  or  the  operation  and  maintenance 
supplier fail to design and implement such 
practices  and  procedures  or 
the 
practices and procedures are ineffective or 
if our operation and maintenance service 
providers or other suppliers do not follow 
them,  our  employees  and  others  may 
become  injured.  This  could  result  in  civil 
the 
and 
Company. 

liabilities  against 

criminal 

ambitious targets over time. 

workers to use.  

issued  new 

-  To  integrate  recently  acquired  assets  we 
have  performed  specific  external  and 
safety 
internal  audits, 
campaigns  and  bulletins,  performed 
safety 
and 
inspections,  procedures 
training,  and  extended  health  and  safety 
bonuses to certain employees to improve 
supervision. 

-  See  section  “Occupational  Health  and 
Safety” for a comprehensive description of 
our initiatives. 

-  Senior  management  and  the  corporate 
operations department take ownership of 
this risk. 

work 

We are also subject to regulations dealing 
with  occupational  health  and  safety  and 
procedures 
environmental 
throughout  our  organization.  The  failure 
to  comply  with  such  regulations  could 
subject us to reputational damage and/or 
liability. In addition, we may incur liability 
based on allegations of illness or disease 
resulting from exposure of employees or 
other  persons  to  hazardous  materials  or 
equipment that we handle or are present 
in our workplaces. 

Risks  related  to  our  Business  and  our 
Assets 

Counterparty credit risk 

Not being able to collect our revenues. 

terminate 

they  otherwise 

If any of our clients are unable or unwilling 
to fulfil their contractual obligations or if 
they refuse to accept delivery of power or 
if 
such 
agreements prior to their expiration, or if 
re-negotiated  under  a 
prices  were 
bankruptcy  situation  or  under  financial 
difficulty  of  the  client,  or  if  they  delay 
payments, 
financial 
condition, results of operations and cash 
flow may be materially adversely affected. 

business, 

our 

limited 

(“S&P”),  Caa1 

The  credit  rating  of  Eskom  has  weakened  in 
the last few years and is currently CCC+ from 
from 
S&P  Global  Rating 
Moody’s Investor Service Inc. (“Moody’s”) and 
B from Fitch Ratings Inc. (“Fitch”). Eskom is the 
off-taker  of  our  Kaxu  solar  plant,  a  state-
liability  company,  wholly 
owned, 
owned by the government of the Republic of 
South Africa. Eskom’s payment guarantees to 
our  Kaxu  solar  plant  are  underwritten  by  the 
South  African  Department  of  Energy,  under 
the  terms  of  an  implementation  agreement. 
The  credit  ratings  of  the  Republic  of  South 
Africa have also weakened and as of the date 
of  this  report  are  BB-/Ba2/BB-  by  S&P, 
Moody’s and Fitch, respectively. 

the 

to  our 

In  the  case  of  Kaxu,  Eskom’s  payment 
solar  plant  are 
guarantees 
underwritten  by 
South  African 
Department  of  Energy.  The  credit  rating  of 
the Republic of South Africa as of the date 
of this report BB-/Ba2/BB- by S&P, Moody’s 
and  Fitch,  respectively.  In  addition,  in  2019 
we  entered  into  a  political  risk  insurance 
agreement 
the  Multinational 
Investment Guarantee Agency for Kaxu. The 
insurance provides protection for breach of 
contract up to $78 million in the event the 
South  African  Department  of  Energy  does 
not comply with its obligations as guarantor. 
This insurance policy does  not cover credit 
risk. 

with 

In  addition,  Pemex’s  credit  rating  has  also 
weakened  and  is  currently  BBB,  Ba3  and  BB- 
from S&P, Moody’s and Fitch, respectively. We 
have  been  experiencing  delays 
in  client 
collections since the second half of 2019 which 

In the case of Pemex, during 2021 we have 
maintained a pro-active approach including 
fluent dialogue with our client. 

The  diversification  by  geography  and 
business sector helps to diversify credit risk 

34 

 
 
 
Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

have been significant in certain quarters. 

The reduction in the cost of renewable energy 
and  the  intense  competition  has  contributed 
to a reduction in electricity prices paid by off-
takers. In light of these market conditions, our 
off-takers may try to renegotiate or terminate 
our PPAs. 

During  2021,  our  assets  have  generally 
performed  fairly  in  line  with  expectations. 
Production  has  increased  in  our  renewable 
energy  assets  and  our  transmission  lines, 
efficient  natural  gas  and  water  assets  have 
maintained high availability levels. 

However, in Solana, availability in the storage 
system was  lower than expected in 2021 due 
to  the  improvements  and  replacements  that 
we are carrying out after leaks were identified 
in the first quarter of 2020. These works have 
impacted production in 2021 and are expected 
to  impact  production  in  2022  as  we  are 
experiencing  delays  due 
to  COVID-19 
restrictions and delays from subcontractors.  

Regarding  our  risk  relating  to  insurance,  in 
2021 the insurance program was split into two: 
U.S. and rest of the world. 

Risk / Impact 

Risks Related to Our Business and Our 
Assets:  

Poor performance of assets 

Loss  of  revenues  and  cash  flows  at  the 
project 
which 
subsequently impacts cash returns to the 
Company.  

company 

level, 

In  addition,  Atlantica  relies  on  third 
parties  for  the  supply  of  services  and 
equipment, 
technologically 
complex  equipment  and  software,  and 
operation and maintenance services.  

including 

result 

if  damaged,  could 

In  recent  years  we  have  filed  several 
insurance  claims.  Our  property  damage 
and  business  interruption  policies  have 
significant  deductibles  and  exclusions 
with  respect  to  some  key  equipment 
which, 
in 
financial losses and business interruption. 
Moreover,  insurance  market  terms  and 
conditions  have  been  becoming  more 
and more onerous over the last few years 
and  insurance  companies  are  requiring 
some companies in our sector to retain a 
portion  of  the  overall  risks  instead  of 
transferring  100%  of  those  risks  to  the 
insurers.  As  a  result,  we  have  retained  a 
portion  of  our  risks  and  may  need  to 
increase  this  percentage  in  the  future.  If 
equipment failed in one of our assets and 
this equipment was part of the insurance 
exclusion  or  was  part of  the  risk  that  we 
have retained, we would need to assume 
the  repairs  and  business  interruption 
costs.  

Furthermore, some of our project finance 
agreements  and  PPAs  include  specific 
conditions  regarding  insurance  coverage 
that  we  may  need  to  modify  if  we  are 
unable to obtain insurance. If we did not 
obtain a waiver from our project finance 
lenders accepting these modifications, an 

35 

Mitigation of Risk 

exposure  by  diluting  our  exposure  to  a 
single client. 

The local teams take ownership in managing 
this risk. 

-  Dedicated  supervisory  and  management 

teams in place at our assets.  

-  Reporting  and  monitoring  systems  in 

place.  

responsible 

-  Asset  Managers  are 

for 
completing checklists designed to identify 
operational, 
and 
engineering, risks, improve efficiency and 
reduce costs at asset level. 

maintenance 

-   Our corporate operations team performs 
regular  operational,  maintenance  and 
risks, 
engineering  audits 
implement  and  follow-up  on  mitigation 
plans and best practices and share lessons 
learned from other assets. 

identify 

to 

to  our 

-   Risk-related training courses are regularly 
provided 
and 
subcontractors  to  improve  their  skills, 
identify  new  risk  management  practices 
and report them to management. 

employees 

-  Operation and maintenance can be either 
carried  out  in-house  or  contracted  with 
specialists.  We 
internalized 
operation  and  maintenance  services  in 
some of our assets. We have also tracked 
down 
and 
maintenance opportunities in the market.  

alternative 

operation 

have 

-  On-going 

of 

analysis 

insurance 
alternatives  in  the  market  and  on-going 
dialogue  with 
companies 
present 
in  our  program  as  well  as 
alternative insurers. 

insurance 

-  The 

teams, 
and 

the  operations 
local 
department 
insurance 
the 
department  take  ownership  in  managing 
this risk. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

event of default could be triggered by our 
lenders  due  to  non-compliance  with  the 
terms of the project finance agreement. If 
we were to incur a serious uninsured loss 
or  a  loss  that  significantly  exceeded  the 
coverage 
in  our 
limits  established 
insurance policies or we were not able to 
modify  coverage  conditions,  this  could 
have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
business,  financial  condition,  results  of 
operations  and  cash  flows.  In  addition, 
our  insurance  policies  are  subject  to 
periodic  renewals  and  the  terms  of  the 
renewal 
our 
counterparties.  If  we  were  unable  to 
renew our insurance coverage, we would 
the 
not  be 
requirements  of  our  project 
finance 
agreements  and  our  PPAs,  which  could 
have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
business,  financial  condition,  results  of 
operations and cash flows. 

compliance  with 

reviewed 

are 

by 

in 

Risks Related to Our Business and Our 
Assets:  

Climate change 

Climate  change  is  causing  an  increasing 
number  of  severe,  chronic  and  extreme 
weather  events,  which  are  a  risk  to  our 
facilities  and  may 
In 
addition,  climate  change  may  cause 
transition  risks,  related  to  existing  and 
emerging  regulation  related  to  climate 
change. These risks include: 

impact 

them. 

-  Acute  physical.  Severe  and  extreme 
weather  events  include  severe  winds 
and  rains,  hail,  hurricanes,  cyclones, 
droughts, as well as the risk of fire and 
flooding. In particular: 

- Severe  floods  could  damage  our 
solar 
lines, 
transmission 
generation  assets  or  our  water 
facilities.  

our 

- Severe  winds  could  cause  damage 
the solar fields at our solar assets.  

- Storms with intense lightning activity 
could  damage  our  plants,  especially 
our wind farms.  

- Severe droughts could result in water 
that  may  affect  our 

restrictions 

No significant change. 

Acute physical: 

-  Our  geographic  VPs  and  our  corporate 
team  monitor  weather 
operations 
conditions  in-real  time  at  each  of  the 
assets  to  adopt  the  required  protection 
measures.  For  example, 
if  winds  are 
forecasted, our solar fields are placed in a 
defence mode. In addition, we also have: 

-  Insurance  policies  covering:  (i)  physical 
damage and (ii) l business interruption. 

-  A  crisis  management  procedure  defining 
specific action plans for all our assets. 

-  An 

automatic 

system  using 
alert 
information  from  U.S.  National  Agencies 
and from local weather forecast agencies. 

-  A specific procedure for extreme weather. 

Furthermore, Atlantica does not have any 
hedge contract in place with an obligation 
to deliver electricity with the potential risk 
of having to purchase it at market price. 

Chronic physical: 

-  Our  corporate  operations  department 
closely monitors the performance of each 
of  our  assets  to  identify  measures  that 
improve efficiency.  

-  In addition, Atlantica has historically only 
withdrawn approximately 50% of the total 

36 

 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

regulatory limit of water permitted at our 
solar assets. Even if the water limits were 
to be reduced, we believe to have margin 
to  withdraw  enough  water  to  keep  our 
plants  working  properly.  Our  local  asset 
management  teams  systematically  track 
and  monitor  water  availability  as  a  key 
asset KPI.  

Regulation: 

line  with 

-  Current  regulation:  Asset  managers  are 
responsible for monitoring asset activities 
regulation  and 
local 
in 
contractual requirements (environmental, 
permits, 
Local 
compliance managers are responsible for 
managing and solving compliance issues 
their 
in 
responsibility, including the supervision of 
compliance with current regulation. 

their  geographies  under 

servitudes, 

etc.). 

-  Emerging  regulation:  Various 

internal 
working  groups 
and  management 
regularly  review  risks  arising  from  new 
regulatory  developments  and  potential 
impacts.  

Reputation:  

-  We  refer  to  the  Environment,  Social  and 

Governance section in this Report. 

General:  

-  Atlantica  has  developed  a  risk  analysis 
methodology based on the ISO 31000 and 
on common market practices.  

-  We  use  a  multidisciplinary  approach  to 
in  different  areas  and 

identify  risks 
develop appropriate mitigation plans. 

-  Management, 

the 
corporate  operations  department  take 
ownership in managing this risk. 

teams  and 

local 

operations and which may force us to 
stop  generation  at  some  of  our 
facilities. 

- If  our  transmission  assets  caused  a 
fire,  we  could  be  found  liable  if  the 
fire damaged third parties. 

- Severe winter weather, like the storm 
in  February  2021  in  Texas,  could 
cause  supply  from  wind  farms  to 
decline  due 
turbine 
equipment freezing. 

to  wind 

- Rising  temperatures  and  droughts 
could  cause  wildfires  like  the  ones 
that have affected California starting 
in 2017. 

components 
systems, 

our 
of 
Furthermore, 
such  as 
equipment  and 
structures,  mirrors,  absorber 
tubes, 
blades,  PV  panels  or  transformers  are 
susceptible to being damaged by severe 
weather, including for example by hail or 
lightning. 

increase 

-  Chronic  physical.  An 

in 
temperatures can reduce efficiency and 
increase operating costs at our plants. 
The  main 
rising 
impacts 
temperatures include: 

of 

- Lower 

turbine  efficiency 
efficient natural gas asset.  

in  our 

- Reduced  efficiency  at  our  solar 

photovoltaic generation assets.  

- Lower  air  density  at  our  wind 

facilities.  

- Higher  consumption  of  chemicals 
used for operational purposes at our 
water treatment plants.  

Furthermore,  a  reduction  of  mean 
precipitation may result in a reduction 
of  availability  of  water  from  aquifers 
and could also modify the main water 
properties at our generation facilities 

-  Current Regulation. Atlantica is directly 
affected  by  environmental  regulation 
at all our assets. This includes climate-
related risks driven by laws, regulation, 
taxation,  disclosure  of  emissions  and 
other practices 

-  Emerging 

regulation.  Changes 

in 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

regulation  could  have  a  negative 
impact  on  Atlantica's  growth  or 
profitability. 

-  Reputation. If our reputation worsened, 
our  cost  of  capital  could  increase  and 
our access to capital may become more 
difficult.  In  addition,  some  potential 
employees,  clients,  and  /or  suppliers 
could  perceive  Atlantica  as  a  less 
appealing 
a 
deterioration in our reputation. 

company  due 

to 

Downstream.  Some  of  our  clients  are 
large  utilities  or  industrial  corporations. 
These  are  also  exposed  to  significant 
climate  change  related  risks,  including 
current  and  emerging  regulation,  acute 
and  chronic  physical  risks.  A  negative 
climate-related risk impact on our clients, 
including their credit quality could lead to 
their 
their 
obligations under our existing contracts. 

to  comply  with 

inability 

Risks  Related 
Pandemic 

to 

the  COVID-19 

The  COVID-19  pandemic  could  have  a 
material adverse impact on our business, 
financial  condition,  liquidity,  results  of 
operations, cash flows, cash available for 
distribution  and  ability  to  make  cash 
distributions to our shareholders. 

COVID-19  can  affect  our  operation  and 
maintenance 
activities.  We  may 
experience  delays  in  certain  operation 
and  maintenance  activities,  or  certain 
activities  may  take  longer  than usual, or, 
in  a  worst-case  scenario,  a  potential 
outbreak at one of our assets may prevent 
our  employees  or  our  operation  and 
maintenance  suppliers’  from  operating 
the plant. 

-  We  could  also  experience  commercial 
disputes with our clients, suppliers and 
partners  related  to 
implications  of 
COVID-19 in contractual relations.  

-  Additionally,  many  governments  have 
implemented  and  may  continue  to 
implement stimulus measures to reduce 
the negative impact of COVID-19 in the 

In 2021, the rapid increase in demand after the 
slowdown in 2020 caused tension in the supply 
chain,  including  delays  in  obtaining  some 
components  and  increased  prices.  Further 
disruptions in the supply chain could limit the 
availability of certain parts required to operate 
our  facilities  and  could  adversely  impact  our 
ability  (or  our  operation  and  maintenance 
suppliers’  ability)  to  operate  our  plants  or  to 
perform maintenance activities. If we were to 
experience a shortage of or inability to acquire 
critical  spare  parts,  we  could  incur  significant 
delays in returning facilities to full operation. 

team.  During  2021, 

In  2020,  we  established  a  COVID-19 
Committee  which  included  the  CEO,  the 
geographic VPs, Health and Safety Manager 
and  other  members  of  Atlantica’s 
management 
the 
Committee  continued  adapting  measures 
based  on  new  information  released  on 
COVID-19  in  each  specific  location  where 
our assets and offices are located and took 
all  necessary  actions  to  manage  the  risks 
affecting  our  employees,  operations  and 
stakeholders. In 2021, we: 

-  Implemented  measures 

on 
developments 
in 
countries  and  regions  where  we  are 
present. 

in  COVID-19  data 

based 

-  Defined key KPIs to monitor the pandemic 
situation  in  all  the  regions  and  decided 
whether  to  open  or  close  our  offices  in 
each region. 

-  Tested employees for COVID-19. 

positive 
and 

-  Monitored 
among 
cases 
employees 
subcontractors, 
supervising the isolation of positive cases 
and tracing close contacts. 

-  Monitored  new  regulations  issued  by 
governments 
include 
implementing  such  regulations,  where 

(measures 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

cases, 

In  many 

these 
economy. 
measures  may  increase  government 
spending  which  may  translate 
into 
increased tax pressure on companies in 
the countries where we operate. 

Mitigation of Risk 

appropriate).  

-  Developed 

and 

implemented 

new 
measures  to  adapt  our  protocols  to  the 
most  recent  technical  publications  about 
the virus. 

-  All the risks referred to can cause delays 
in  distributions  from  our  assets  to  the 
holding company 

-  Reinforced  safety  measures  at  all  of  our 
assets  while  we  continued  to  provide 
reliable service to our clients. 

-  Reinforced  our  physical  and  cyber-

security measures 

in 

those 

rates  are 

In  addition, 
regions  where 
took 
vaccination 
measures  to  incentivize  employees  and 
subcontractors employees to get COVID-19 
vaccine. 

lower,  we 

We continue to monitor the situation closely 
at  all  of  our  assets  and  offices  to  take 
additional action if required. 

The  COVID-19  committee  takes  ownership 
in managing this risk. 

(including 

-  Any  transaction  between  us  and  Liberty 
the 
GES  or  Algonquin 
acquisition of any ROFO assets or any co-
investment with Liberty GES or Algonquin 
or any investment on an Algonquin asset) 
is subject to our related party transactions 
policy,  which  requires  prior  approval  of 
such  transactions  by  the  related  party 
transactions 
is 
committee,  which 
composed of independent directors. 

-  Algonquin has to comply with our Related 
Parties Transaction Committee and Terms 
of Reference 

to 

-  Algonquin  has  the  right  to  appoint 
directors 
their 
proportionally 
ownership but in any event no more than 
(i) 
as 
such  number  of  directors 
corresponds  to  41.5%  of  our  voting 
securities;  and  (ii)  50%  of  our  board  less 
one. 

Furthermore,  Algonquin’s  voting  rights  are 
limited  to  41.5%  and  the  additional  shares 
(the  difference  between  the  actual  shares 
beneficially owned by Algonquin and shares 
representing  41.5%  of  voting  rights)  votes 
replicating  non-Algonquin’s  shareholders 
vote. 

-  The Related Party Transaction Committee 

Risks Related to Our Relationship with 
Algonquin and Abengoa  

No significant change 

Connection to Algonquin 

Algonquin is our largest shareholder and 
exercises substantial influence over us. 

Currently,  Algonquin  beneficially  owns 
43.5%  of  our  ordinary  shares  and  is 
entitled  to  vote  on  approximately  41.5% 
of our ordinary shares. As a result of this 
ownership,  Algonquin  has  substantial 
influence  over  our  affairs  and  their 
ownership  interest  and  voting  power 
constitute a significant percentage of the 
shares  eligible  to  vote  on  any  matter 
requiring 
our 
shareholders.  

approval 

the 

of 

Furthermore,  our  reputation  is  closely 
related to that of Algonquin. Any damage 
to  the  public  image  or  reputation  of 
Algonquin could have a material adverse 
effect on our business, financial condition, 
results of operations and cash flows. 

In  addition,  our  ownership  structure  and 
certain  service  agreements  may  create 
conflicts of interest that may be resolved 
in  a  manner  that  is  not  in  our  best 
interests. 

Liberty  GES  and  Algonquin  are  related 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
Mitigation of Risk 

takes ownership in managing this risk. 

In 2021 we obtained a waiver to remediate 
the default situation in Kaxu. On February 2, 
2022 we fulfilled the main condition, which 
was  the  internalization  of  operation  and 
maintenance services, and we are currently 
working  on  the  rest  of  documents.  In  any 
case,  we  are  in  constant  communication 
with our lenders and we do not expect any 
negative action from them. 

Regarding  the  operation  and  maintenance 
activities,  on  February  2,  2022  we 
internalized the operation and maintenance 
services  in  Kaxu.  For  our  assets  in  Spain, 
where  Abengoa  provides  most  of  the 
operation  and  maintenance  services.  We 
have  reached  an  agreement  subject  to 
conditions  precedent, 
including  waivers 
from financial institutions, to terminate the 
O&M agreements in six plants in Spain and 
to introduce a clause to be able to terminate 
the rest of the agreements every three years. 
If  and  when  the  conditions  precedent  are 
met, we would perform the O&M with third 
parties or internal resources. 

Senior  management  and  local  teams  take 
ownership in managing this risk. 

Risk / Impact 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

parties and may have interests that differ 
from our interests, including with respect 
to  the  types  of  acquisitions  made,  the 
timing and amount of the dividends paid 
returns 
by  us, 
generated  by  our  operations,  the  use  of 
leverage  when  making  acquisitions  and 
the appointment of outside advisors and 
service providers.  

reinvestment  of 

the 

Risks Related to Our Relationship with 
Algonquin and Abengoa  

Connection to Abengoa 

Abengoa,  which  is  currently  our  largest 
supplier  and  used  to  be  our  largest 
shareholder, went through a restructuring 
process which started in November 2015 
and  ended  in  March  2017,  obtained 
approval for a second restructuring in July 
2019.  On  February  22,  2021,  Abengoa, 
S.A.,  the  holding  company,  filed  for 
insolvency proceedings in Spain. Based on 
the public information filed in connection 
with  these  proceedings,  such  insolvency 
include  other 
proceedings  do  not 
Abengoa 
including 
companies, 
Abenewco1, S.A., the controlling company 
of 
the 
the  subsidiaries  performing 
operation  and  maintenance  services  for 
us. 

The  project  financing  arrangement  for 
Kaxu  contained  cross-default  provisions 
related  to  Abengoa  such  that  debt 
defaults  by  Abengoa,  subject  to  certain 
threshold amounts and/or a restructuring 
process, could trigger a default under the 
Kaxu project financing arrangement.  

A deterioration in the financial position of 
certain  of  Abengoa’s  subsidiaries  may 
result  in  a  material  adverse  effect  on 
certain of our operation and maintenance 
agreements. Abengoa and its subsidiaries 
provide  operation  and  maintenance 
services for some of our assets. We cannot 
its 
guarantee 
subcontractors  will  be  able  to  continue 
performing with the same level of service 
(or at all) and under the same terms and 
conditions,  and  at  the  same  prices. 
Because  we  have  long-term  operation 
and  maintenance  agreements  with 
Abengoa  for  many  of  our  assets,  if 

that  Abengoa  and/or 

the 

insolvency 

finance  agreement. 

The 
individual 
filing  by 
company  Abengoa  S.A.  in  February  2021 
represents a theoretical event of default under 
the  Kaxu  project 
In 
September  2021,  we  obtained  a  waiver  for 
such  theoretical  event  of  default  which  was 
conditional  upon  the  replacement  of  the 
operation  and  maintenance  supplier  of  the 
plant,  which 
is  currently  an  Abengoa 
subsidiary,  before  October  31,  2021.  On 
November 4, 2021, we obtained an extension 
of the term for such replacement until January 
31, 2022. On February 1, 2022, we completed 
the transfer of the employees performing the 
operation  and  maintenance  from  the  above-
mentioned supplier to an Atlantica subsidiary. 
The  waiver  has  been  extended  until  April  30, 
2022  and  is  subject  to  the  lenders  receiving 
certain  documentation  from  us,  including 
formal  evidence  of  the  approval  by  our  off-
taker and the department of energy of South 
Africa  of  the  operation  and  maintenance 
internalization  and  we  are  currently  working 
on obtaining such documentation. If we were 
not  able  to  deliver  such  documents  by  the 
deadline,  we  do  not  expect  the  Kaxu  project 
debt lenders to declare the acceleration of the 
debt or take any other action. However, if not 
cured  or  waived,  a  cross-default  or  default 
scenario  may  entitle 
lenders  to  demand 
repayment, limit distributions from the asset or 
enforce on their security interests, which may 
have a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and 
cash flows. 

Many of our senior executives have previously 
worked  for  Abengoa.  Abengoa’s  current  and 
prior  restructuring  processes,  and  the  events 
and  circumstances  that  led  to  them,  are 
currently 
legal 
proceedings and may in the future become the 
subject  of  additional  proceedings.  To  the 
extent  that  allegations  are  made  in  any  such 

subject  of  various 

the 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

Abengoa  cannot  continue  performing 
current  services  at  the  same  prices,  we 
may  need  to  renegotiate  contracts  and 
pay higher prices or change the scope of 
the contracts. 

proceedings  that  involve  us,  our  assets,  our 
dealings with Abengoa or our employees, such 
proceedings  may  have  a  material  adverse 
effect  on  our  business,  financial  condition, 
results of operations and cash flows, as well as 
on our reputation and employees. 

Abengoa has a number of obligations and 
indemnities which have resulted or could 
result in additional liability obligations to 
us or to our assets. Certain of Abengoa’s 
indemnities and obligations are no longer 
filing  by 
the 
valid  after 
Abengoa S.A. in February 2021. 

insolvency 

In  addition,  although  Abengoa  has  not 
been  our  shareholder  since  the  end  of 
2018, in some geographies our reputation 
continues  to  be  related  to  that  of 
Abengoa.  Any  damage  to  the  public 
image  or  reputation  of  Abengoa  could 
have a negative impact on us. 

All  these  situations  may  have  a  material 
adverse  effect  on  our  business,  financial 
condition, results of operations and cash 
flows. 

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness 

The  financing  agreements  of  our 
project  subsidiaries  are  primarily  loan 
agreements  which  provide  that  the 
repayment  of  the  loans  (and  interest 
thereon) is secured solely by the shares, 
physical assets, contracts and the cash 
flow of that project company. 

Our  project  finance  agreements  include 
covenants  and  restrictions  which  may 
limit  our  ability  to  distribute  cash  from 
project  companies 
the  holding 
company level. 

to 

In addition, if we fail to satisfy any of our 
debt  service  obligations  or  breach  any 
related  financial  or  operating  covenants, 
the  applicable  lender  could  declare  the 
full amount of the relevant project debt to 
be  immediately  due  and  payable  and 
could foreclose on any assets pledged as 
collateral. 

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness: 

Liquidity Risk and Access to capital  

Not  being  able  to  meet  our  payment 

In  addition,  certain  of  Abengoa’s  indemnities 
and  obligations  are  no  longer  valid  after  the 
insolvency filing by Abengoa  S.A. in February 
2021.  In  addition,  considering  the  current 
financial  situation  of  Abengoa,  we  cannot 
guarantee  that  these  indemnities  will  be 
future.  A  potential 
maintained 
insolvency  of  Abenewco1,  S.A.  may  also 
terminate 
obligations, 
the 
indemnities and guarantees.  

remaining 

the 

in 

The Kaxu project financing arrangement 
contains cross-default provisions related to 
Abengoa (see previous risk).  

- Kaxu cross-default provisions related to 

Abengoa (see previous risk).  

-  Reporting and monitoring of covenants in 

each contract. 

-  Management and specialized compliance 
and  legal  teams  constantly  tracking  any 
change. 

-  The 

local 

teams 
managing this risk. 

take  ownership 

in 

-  A quarterly report is provided to the Audit 
Internal  Audit  on 

from 

Committee 
covenant compliance. 

In the United States, capital markets have been 
experiencing 
recently. 
Concerns  over 
the  COVID-19  pandemic 
(including the new highly contagious variants 

volatility 

higher 

-  Appropriate cash management to ensure 
appropriate levels  of cash: Cash on hand 
as  of  December  31,  2021,  was  $88.3 
million  at  the  corporate  level  plus  $440 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

obligations as they fall due. 

Not being able to meet our covenants and 
obligations under our corporate financing 
arrangements. 

Failing  to  meet  the  required  or  desired 
financing  for  acquisitions  and  for  the 
successfully  refinancing  of  Company’s 
project and corporate indebtedness. 

The global capital and credit markets have 
experienced in the past and may continue 
to  experience,  periods  of  extreme 
volatility  and  disruption.  At  times,  our 
access  to  financing  was  curtailed  by 
market  conditions  and  other  factors. 
Continued  disruptions,  uncertainty  or 
volatility  in  the  global  capital  and  credit 
markets may limit our access to additional 
capital required to refinance our debt on 
satisfactory terms  or at all, may limit our 
ability  to  replace,  in  a  timely  manner, 
maturing  liabilities,  and  may  limit  our 
access to new debt and equity capital to 
make  further  acquisitions.  Volatility  in 
debt markets may also limit our ability to 
fund  or  refinance  many  of  our  projects 
and  corporate  level  debt,  even  in  cases 
where  such  capital  has  already  been 
committed. 

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness 

Interest  rate  and  foreign  currency 
exchange rate 

Increases in interest rates would raise our 
finance expenses at project companies or 
corporate level. 

Revenue and expenses of our solar assets 
in Europe, South Africa and Colombia are 
denominated  in  euros,  South  African 
Rands and Colombian pesos respectively. 
Depreciation  in  the  value  of  euro,  the 
South  African  rand  or  the  Colombian 
pesos against  the U.S. dollar may have a 
negative impact on our operating results 
and our cash available for distribution. 

interest 

expected 

such as Omicron) and its effects on the global 
economy,  high  inflation,  volatile  oil  and  gas 
prices,  high  electricity  prices  particularly  in 
Europe, 
raise, 
geopolitical  issues,  geopolitical  tensions,  the 
availability  and  cost  of  credit,  increase  in 
sovereign debt and the instability of the euro 
have  contributed  to  increased  volatility  in 
capital markets and worsened expectations for 
the economy.  

rate 

million  available  under  our  revolving 
credit facility.  

-  In 2021 we issued the Green Senior Notes 
amounting  to  an  aggregate  principal 
amount  of  $400  million  due  in  2028.  We 
also 
“at-the-market 
program” under which we may offer and 
sell from time to time up to $150 million 
of our ordinary shares.  

established 

an 

-  A  portion  of  cash  flows  generated  and 
distributed  by  our  project  companies  to 
the  holding  company  are  retained  at  the 
holding company level. 

-  Proactive  relationship  management  with 

banks.  

-  Regular  discussions  with  rating  agencies 
in  operating 

confidence 

to  build 
performance. 

-  Our  Board  of  Directors  may  change  our 
dividend  policy  at  any  point  in  time  if 
required,  or  modify  the  dividend  for 
specific  quarters 
following  prevailing 
conditions. 

-  The finance committee take ownership in 

managing this risk. 

With regard to our assets, revenue, debt and 
most  of  our  expenses  are  generally 
denominated in the same currency, creating 
a natural hedge. 

Our solar power plants in Europe have their 
revenue  and  expenses  denominated 
in 
euros. At the corporate level, we have some 
general  and  administrative  expenses  and 
debt denominated in euros. Our strategy is 
to  hedge  the  exchange  rate 
for  the 
distributions from our European assets after 
interest 
deducting 
payments  and  euro-denominated  general 
and  administrative  expenses.  Through 
currency options, we hedge 100% of the net 
euro  net  exposure  for  the  next  12  months 
and  75%  of  the  net  euro  net  exposure  for 
the following 12 months. 

euro-denominated 

We intend to ensure that at least 80% of our 
cash  available  for  distribution  is  always 
denominated  in  U.S.  dollars  or  euros.  We 
hedge  the  euros  for  the  upcoming  24 

Some of our indebtedness (including project-
level  indebtedness)  bears  interest  at  variable 
rates,  generally  linked  to  market  benchmarks 
such  as  EURIBOR,  and  U.S.  LIBOR  or  the 
alternative  measures  replacing  these.  The 
Federal  Reserve  has  announced  over  the  last 
months  that  it  expects  to  increase  interest 
rates in the United States several times in 2022.  

In 2021 we closed the acquisition of La Sierpe, 
a  20  MW  solar  asset  in  Colombia.  We  also 
acquired  two  additional  solar  projects  in 
Colombia  with  a  combined  capacity  of 
approximately  30  MW  which  are  currently  in 
construction, la Tolua and Tierra Linda. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

months on a rolling basis.  

Over 90% of our total interest risk exposure 
is fixed or hedged.  

finance 

committee 

The 
management  teams  take  ownership 
managing this risk. 

and 

local 
in 

Risks Related to Our Growth Strategy 

Access to future investments. 

to 

local 

successfully 

Our  growth  strategy  depends  on  our 
ability 
identify  and 
evaluate  investment  opportunities  and 
consummate  acquisitions  on  favorable 
terms.  The  number  of 
investment 
opportunities  may  be  limited.  We  are 
competing  with  other 
and 
international  companies  for  acquisition 
opportunities  from  third  parties,  which 
increase  our  cost  of  making 
may 
investments  or  cause  us  to  refrain  from 
making acquisitions  from third parties. If 
we  are  unable  to  identify  and  complete 
future investments and acquisitions, it will 
impede our ability to execute our growth 
strategy  and  limit  our  ability  to  increase 
the  amount  of  dividends  paid  to  our 
shareholders. 

In  addition,  our  ability  to  grow  through 
acquisitions  depends,  in  part,  on  Liberty 
GES  and  Algonquin’s  ability  to  offer  us 
investment opportunities. Liberty GES and 
Algonquin may not offer us assets at all or 
may not offer us assets that fit within our 
portfolio  or  contribute  to  our  growth 
strategy. Liberty GES and Algonquin may 
decide to keep assets subject to our ROFO 
Agreements  in  their  portfolios  and  not 
offer them to us for acquisition. We may 
not  reach  an  agreement  on  the  price  of 
assets  offered  by  Liberty  GES  or 
Algonquin.  

We  have  diversified  our  sources  of  growth 
and  have  a  proven  track  record  of  closing 
acquisitions from those sources: 

We believe we can achieve organic  growth 
through  the  optimization  of  the  existing 
portfolio, escalation factors at many of our 
assets,  as  well  as  the  repowering  and 
hybridization  with  other  technologies  of 
some of the renewable energy facilities and 
the  expansion  of  our  existing  transmission 
lines. 

Additionally,  we  expect  to  acquire  assets 
from  third  parties  leveraging  the  local 
presence  and  network  we  have 
in 
geographies  and  sectors 
in  which  we 
operate. We also invest in the development 
and  construction  of  new  assets,  in  some 
cases  on  our  own  and  in  other  cases  with 
partners.  We  have  entered  into  and  intend 
to  enter  into  agreements  or  partnerships 
with developers and asset owners. 

The investment committee takes ownership 
in managing this risk. 

recent  years  competition 

to  acquire 
In 
renewable  assets  has  increased.  Some  of  our 
competitors  for  investments  are  much  larger 
entities,  with  substantially  greater  resources. 
These  players  may  be  able  to  pay  more  for 
investments  and  acquisitions  due  to  cost  of 
capital  advantages,  potential  synergies  or 
other drivers, and may be able to identify and 
purchase a greater number of assets than our 
resources permit. 

In order to grow our business, we may acquire 
assets and businesses which may have a higher 
risk  profile  than  the  assets  we  currently  own. 
We have recently announced investments with 
exposure  to  development  and  construction 
risk.  In  addition,  we  may  consider  acquiring 
businesses which are not contracted, including 
regulated  businesses  and  assets  which  are 
subject to demand risk. We may also consider 
investing in assets which are not contracted or 
not  fully  contracted,  or  subject  to  merchant 
risk.  We  have  recently  invested  and  may 
consider  investing  in  business  sectors  where 
we do not have previous experience and may 
not  be  able  to  achieve  the  expected  returns. 
We may also consider investing with partners 
or on our own in new technologies which do 
not  for  the  moment  have  a  track  record  as 
proven as our current assets, such as storage, 
district  heating  or  geothermal.  Furthermore, 
we  may  consider  acquiring  assets  with 
revenues  not  denominated  in  US  dollars  or 
euros,  which  would  increase  our  exposure  to 
local  currency  and  which  could  generate 
higher volatility in the cash flows we generate, 
such as the agreement we recently announced 
for the acquisition of an asset and investments 
in projects under development in Colombia. 

Risks  Related  to  the  Success  of  Our 
Recent and Future Investments 

Our  investments  may  not  perform  as 
and 
expected 
construction  activities  are  subject  to 
specific risks 

and  development 

In  2021,  we  closed  the  acquisition  of  several 
assets  in  operation.  We  refer  to  the  Events 
During the Period section for further details on 
our 2021 investments.  

Also in 2021 we acquired two additional solar 
projects in Colombia with a combined capacity 

-  Refined due diligences process is either 
carried out in-house or contracted with 
specialists.  

-  We take a multidisciplinary approach to 

identifying risks in different areas. 

-  We have commenced development and 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

violations 

(including 

Our investments are subject to substantial 
risks,  including  unknown  or  contingent 
liabilities 
of 
environmental,  antitrust,  anticorruption, 
anti-bribery  and  anti-money  laundering 
laws,  and  tax  and  labor  disputes),  the 
failure  to 
identify  material  problems 
during  due  diligence  (for  which  we  may 
not be indemnified post-closing), the risk 
of over-paying for assets (or not making 
acquisitions on an accretive basis) and the 
ability to retain customers. 

acceptance  of 

In addition, we have reached agreements 
with  a  number  of  partners  in  order  to 
develop  assets  in  the  geographies  in 
which  we  operate.  Development  and 
construction  activities  are  subject  to 
failure  rate  and  different  types  of  risks. 
Our  ability  to  develop  new  assets  is 
dependent  on  our  ability  to  secure  or 
renew  our  rights  to  an  attractive  site  on 
reasonable  terms;  accurately  measuring 
resource availability; the  ability to secure 
new  or  renewed  approvals,  licenses  and 
local 
the 
permits; 
communities; 
secure 
the  ability 
transmission  interconnection  access  or 
agreements; the ability to acquire suitable 
labor,  equipment  and 
construction 
services on acceptable terms; the ability to 
attract project financing; and the ability to 
secure  PPAs  or  other  sales  contracts  on 
reasonable  terms.  Failure  to  achieve  any 
one  of  these  elements  may  prevent  the 
development  and  construction  of  a 
project.  If  any  of  the  foregoing  were  to 
occur, we may lose all of our investment 
in development expenditures and may be 
required to write-off project development 
assets.  

to 

the 

and 

engineering 

In  addition, 
construction  and 
development of new projects is subject to 
environmental, 
and 
construction  risks  that  could  result  in 
cost-overruns,  delays 
reduced 
performance.  A  delay  in  the  projected 
completion  of  a  project  can  result  in  a 
total  project 
material 
construction 
through  higher 
capitalized  interest  charges,  additional 
labor and other expenses, and a delay in 
the commencement of cash flow.  

increase 

costs 

in 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

of approximately 30 MW which are currently in 
construction. 

In  2021  we  increased  our  investments  in 
development  and  construction  activities  with 
partners  or  on  our  own.  Although  these 
investments still represent a very small portion 
of  our  portfolio,  we  expect  this  source  of 
growth to increase over time. 

Mitigation of Risk 

activities  with 

small 
construction 
investments. We have sufficient internal 
expertise and we generally complement 
this invest with partners. We believe that 
by  building  our  own  pipeline  of  assets 
under  development  and  construction 
we  should  rely  less  on  third  party 
opportunities, which may be difficult to 
achieve at certain moments.  

Senior  management,  including  geographic 
VPs,  and  local  teams  take  ownership  in 
managing this risk. 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

Risks Related to the Markets in Which 
We Operate:  

Brexit 

We  are  exposed  to  political,  social  and 
macroeconomic  risks  relating  to  the 
United Kingdom’s exit from the European 
Union.  The  exit  of  the  United  Kingdom 
and 
trade 
agreement  could  have  negative  impacts 
on  our  business, 
financial  condition, 
results of operations and cash flows. 

terms  of 

final 

the 

the 

-  Management and specialized compliance 
teams continuously track any potential 
changes. 

-  Support of reputable external tax lawyers 
and consultants with proven expertise in 
legal and potential tax implications and 
mitigating actions. 

-  The  tax  department  (under  the  CFO 
supervision) 
compliance 
committee  take  ownership  in  managing 
this risk. 

and 

the 

-  On December 31, 2020, the transition period 
ended, and on January 1, 2021, the U.K. left 
the EU Single Market and Customs Union, as 
well  as  all  EU  policies  and  international 
agreements. As a result, the free movement 
of  persons,  goods,  services  and  capital 
between the U.K. and the EU ended, with the 
EU  and  the  U.K.  forming  two  separate 
markets  and  two  distinct  regulatory  and 
legal  frameworks.  The  Trade  Agreement 
offers  U.K.  and  EU  companies  preferential 
access  to  each  other’s  markets,  ensuring 
imported  goods  will  be  free  of  tariffs  and 
quotas;  however, 
relations 
between the U.K. and the EU will now be on 
existed 
more 
to 
previously  and  Brexit  could 
additional  political, 
legal  and  economic 
instability in the EU or labor shortages  due 
to  changes  and  restrictions  regarding  the 
free movement of people into the U.K. from 
the EU. 

economic 

restricted 

terms 

than 

lead 

-  Since some of the proposed changes due to 
Brexit  have  only  recently  become  effective 
(i.e., further tightening of border controls on 
January  1,  2022),  the  Company  is  still 
assessing  and  monitoring  the  impact  that 
Brexit  will  have  on  its  business,  and  we 
continue  to  evaluate  our  own  risks  and 
uncertainty  related  to  Brexit  to  better 
navigate the changes in the U.K.-EU market. 
Notwithstanding,  as  of  the  date  hereof,  we 
have  evaluated  the  impact  of  Brexit  on  us, 
our subsidiaries, our business, and our future 
operations, operating results, and cash flows 
and  it  has  not  materially  changed  our 
business to date. 

-  Moreover,  we  cannot  anticipate  if  the  U.K. 
and  EU  will  succeed  in  negotiating  all 
material  terms  not  otherwise  addressed  or 
the  Trade  Agreement,  or 
covered  by 
subsequent 
agreements  or 
transition 
arrangements  and/or  if  previously  agreed 
upon  items  will  be  renegotiated  in  the 
future. 

In  2021  we  entered  two  new  markets  (i.e., 
Colombia  and  Italy)  with  attractive  growth 
prospects  for  renewables  and  with  similar 
characteristics  to  other  Atlantica’s  markets  in 
South America and Europe. 

-  We closed the acquisition of three solar PV 
45 

Risks Related to Regulation 

International  operations  including  in 
emerging markets. 

We  intend  to  grow  our  portfolio  mainly  in 
countries  that  we  consider  stable  in  North 
America,  South  America  and  Europe.  We 
expect that investments in countries with a 
higher risk profile such as Algeria and South 
Africa  always  represent  a  small  portion  of 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

We  operate  our  activities  in  a  range  of 
international  locations,  including  North 
America  (Canada,  the  United  States  and 
Mexico),  South  America  (Peru,  Chile, 
Uruguay  and  Colombia),  and  EMEA 
(Spain,  Italy,  Algeria  and  South  Africa), 
and  we  may  expand  our  operations  to 
these 
certain  core  countries  within 
regions. Accordingly, we face several risks 
associated with operating and investing in 
different  countries  that  may  have  a 
material  adverse  effect  on  our  business, 
financial  condition,  results  of  operations 
and  cash  flows.  These  risks  include,  but 
limited  to,  adapting  to  the 
are  not 
such 
requirements 
regulatory 
countries,  compliance  with  changes  in 
laws and regulations applicable to foreign 
corporations,  the  uncertainty  of  judicial 
processes, and the absence, loss or non-
renewal  of  favorable  treaties,  or  similar 
agreements,  with  local  authorities,  or 
political,  social  and  economic  instability, 
all  of  which  can  place  disproportionate 
demands on our management, as well as 
significant  demands  on  our  operational 
and financial personnel and business. As a 
result,  we  can provide no assurance that 
our  future  international  operations  and 
investments will remain profitable.  

of 

Risks Related to Regulation 

Legal,  environmental  and  general 
compliance of each asset 

We are subject to extensive governmental 
regulation 
in  a  number  of  different 
jurisdictions. 

laws  and 

We are subject to extensive regulation of 
our business in the countries in which we 
operate.  Such 
regulations 
licenses,  permits  and  other 
require 
approvals  to  be  obtained  in  connection 
with the operations of our activities. This 
regulatory framework imposes significant 
actual,  day-to-day  compliance  burdens, 
costs and risks on us. In addition, we need 
to  adapt  to  the  regulatory  requirements 
of  the  different  countries  where  we 

in 

plants 
aggregate installed capacity of 6 MW. 

Italy,  with  an  approximate 

-  We closed the acquisition of La Sierpe, a 20 

MW solar asset in Colombia. 

our portfolio.  

We have a political risk insurance agreement 
in  place  with  the  Multinational  Investment 
Guarantee  Agency  for  Kaxu.  The  insurance 
provides  protection  for  breach  of  contract 
up  to  $78.0  million  in  the  event  the  South 
African  Department  of  Energy  does  not 
comply with its obligations as guarantor. We 
have also increased coverage in our political 
risk insurance for our assets in Algeria up to 
$38.2  million,  including  2  years  dividend 
coverage.  This  insurance  policy  does  not 
cover credit risk. 

Our local presence in each region provides 
us  with  good  knowledge  and  expertise  to 
operate in these regions. 

local 

teams  and 

The 
the  compliance 
committee take ownership in managing this 
risk. 

a 

Constitution 

On  March  9th,  2021,  Mexico´s  President 
proposed a preferential reform to the Electric 
Industry Law. In broad terms, the reform aimed 
for  CFE  to  increase  its  preponderance  in  the 
energy  generation  sector.  Additionally,  on 
September  30,  2021,  Mexico’s  President 
submitted 
amendment 
proposal which will be discussed and resolved 
by the House of Representatives, the Mexican 
Senate and regional local congresses. If passed 
as  presented,  most  of  the  energy  reform  of 
December  2013  would  be  modified  and  the 
sector would be deeply transformed. Although 
we  do  not  expect  a  direct  and  immediate 
impact  on  our  existing  contracts,  we  cannot 
guarantee  that  the  new  regulation  will  not 
have  any  impact  on  our  business,  financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows. 
The new regulation could also limit our growth 
prospects in the region.  

In  addition,  in  December  2021  the  Mexican 

46 

for 

individual 

responsible 

- An 
local 
compliance  has  been  appointed  in  each 
geography  where  we  are  present  to  solve 
day to-day issues. These employees report 
to the General Counsel. We have local legal 
teams  in  each  geography  that  are  usually 
assessed by local external lawyers. Our local 
internal  and  external  lawyers  are  in  close 
contact  with  the  regulation  and  potential 
regulation  changes  in  each  geography. 
These,  together  with  the  asset  managers, 
proactively track and monitor any potential 
regulatory change. 

- We  have  a  Quality,  Environmental,  and 
Health and Safety Management System in-
place certified under ISO 9001, 14001 and 
45001  standards,  which  are  audited 
annually by an external third party. 

- The  corporate  operations  department 
performs  annual  internal  audits  on  our 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

operate. 

Uncertainty  or  changes  to  any  such 
regulation  in  any  of  the  countries  where 
we  operate  could  adversely  affect  the 
return  of  our  current  plants  and  our 
results  of  operations,  cash  flows,  cash 
available  for  distribution  and  ability  to 
make 
our 
cash 
shareholders. 

distributions 

to 

In some of our assets, revenues are based 
on regulation: 

-  Revenues in Spain are mainly defined by 
regulation.  Revenues  are  based  on  a 
“reasonable  rate  of  return”  which  was 
reviewed  following  a  proposal  by  the 
Spanish regulator CNMC based on the 
weighted  average  cost  of  capital 
(WACC).  Parameters  were  reviewed  at 
the end of 2019 and were set for a six-
year  or  twelve-year  period  starting  on 
January  1,  2020,  depending  on  each 
asset within our portfolio.  

-  We  have  a  transmission  line  in  Chile 
with revenues based on regulation. 

In  addition,  we  are  subject  to  significant 
environmental  regulation,  which,  among 
other  things,  requires  us  to  obtain  and 
maintain regulatory licenses, permits and 
other  approvals  and  comply  with  the 
requirements  of  such  licenses,  permits 
and  other  approvals  and  perform 
environmental impact studies on changes 
to projects. In addition, our assets need to 
comply  with 
environmental 
strict 
regulation  on  air  emissions,  water  usage 
and  contaminating  spills,  among  others. 
As  a  company  with  a  focus  on  ESG  and 
most of the business in renewable energy, 
environmental 
also 
can 
significantly harm our reputation. 

incidents 

Risks Related to Taxation  

Changes  to  tax  regulations  could 
adversely  affect  the  return  of  our 
current  plants  and  our  ability  to 
refinance  projects.  We  are  subject  to 
changes  in  tax  regulation  in  all  the 
jurisdictions where we have assets. 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

Energy  Regulatory  Commission  approved  an 
amendment to the existing regulation on the 
isolated  supply,  which  may  affect  our 
Monterrey  asset.  We  have  filed  appeals  for 
protection  before  specialized  courts  and  we 
expect  this  situation  to  be  solved  without 
significant 
impact.  However,  we  cannot 
guarantee  that  this  change  in  regulation  will 
not have any negative impact on our business, 
financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and 
cash flows 

Electricity  market  prices  in  Spain  have  been 
higher  than  expected  and  the  regulation 
establishes a compensation mechanism under 
which regulated revenue is revised every three 
years  to  reflect  the  difference  between 
expected  and  actual  market  prices  if  the 
difference 
is  higher  than  a  pre-defined 
threshold.  Current  higher  market  prices  in 
Spain  will  therefore  cause  a  lower  regulated 
revenue to be recorded progressively over the 
remaining regulatory life of our solar assets. 

-  In November 2021, 137 countries agreed to 
implement  the  “Two  Pillars  Solution”,  an 
OECD/  G20  Inclusive  Framework  initiative, 
which  aims  to  reform  the  international 
taxation 
that 
multinational companies pay taxes wherever 
they  operate  and  generate  profits.  “Pillar 
Two” of this initiative generally provides for 
an  effective  global  minimum  corporate  tax 
rate  of  15%  on  profits  generated  by 

policies 

ensure 

and 

47 

Mitigation of Risk 

to 

ensure 

compliance  with 
assets 
regulation  and  our  best  practices  and  to 
promote continuous improvement.  

The compliance committee take ownership 
in managing this risk. 

-  Management  and  specialized  teams  with 
these 

experience  monitor 

broad 
developments. 

-  Engagement with local authorities on tax 

matters. 

-  Support  of 

reputable  external 

tax 
consultants with proven expertise in each 
jurisdiction. 

-  The corporate tax department (under the 

 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Our  future  tax  liability  may  be  greater 
than expected if we do not use sufficient 
NOLs  to  offset  our  taxable  income.  We 
have NOLs that we can use to offset future 
taxable  income.  Based  on  our  current 
portfolio of assets, we expect these NOLs 
will be available as a future benefit. In the 
event  that  they  are  not  generated  as 
expected,  or  are  successfully  challenged 
by the local tax authorities, or are subject 
to future limitations, our ability to realize 
these benefits may be limited. 

have 

generated 
Furthermore,  we 
significant NOLs in the U.S. and our ability 
to  use  them  is  subject  to  the  rules  of 
Sections  382  of  the  IRC.  A  corporation 
that  experiences  an  “ownership  change”, 
as  defined  in  the  rule,  will  generally  be 
subject to an annual limitation on the use 
of  its  pre-ownership  change  U.S.  NOLs. 
We have experienced ownership changes 
in  the  past.  Future  sales  by  our  largest 
shareholder,  future  equity  issuances  and 
in  general  the  activity  of  our  direct  or 
indirect shareholders may further limit our 
ability  to  use  net  operating  loss  carry 
forwards in the United States, which could 
have  a  potential  adverse  effect  on  cash 
flows  from  U.S.  assets  expected  in  the 
in  our 
In  addition,  changes 
future. 
shareholder  base  during  2019  may  have 
triggered  an  ownership  change  under 
Section 382 of the IRC.  

In addition, because we have recorded tax 
credits for the U.S. tax loss carry forwards 
in the past, a limit to our ability to use U.S. 
NOLs could result in writing off tax credits, 
which could cause a substantial non-cash 
income  tax  expense 
in  our  financial 
statements. 

Some  countries  where  we  operate  could 
implement  changes  to  the  tax  loss  and 
regulations,  the  content  of  which  are 
largely uncertain currently.  

Cybersecurity risk 

We  are  dependent  upon  information 
our 
technology 
operations.  Our  information  technology 
systems are subject to disruption, damage 

systems 

run 

to 

Mitigation of Risk 

CFO  supervision)  and  local  teams  take 
ownership in managing this risk. 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

multinational  companies  with  consolidated 
revenues of at least €750 million, calculated 
on  a  country-by  country  basis.  This 
minimum tax would be applied on profits in 
any  jurisdiction  wherever  the  effective  tax 
rate, determined on a jurisdictional basis, is 
below  15%.  Any  additional  tax 
liability 
resulting 
from  the  application  of  this 
minimum tax will be payable by the parent 
entity of the multinational group to the tax 
authority 
in  such  parent’s  country  of 
residence. A framework for the coordinated 
implementation  of  the  minimum  tax  is 
expected  to  be  developed  over  2022. 
Although  this  initiative  is  still  subject  to 
further developments in the countries where 
Atlantica  operates,  if  implemented,  it  may 
have  a  negative  impact  on  our  financial 
condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash 
flows. 

in 

continue 

-  Additionally,  many  governments  have 
implemented 
to 
and  will 
implement stimulus measures to reduce the 
negative 
the 
impact  of  COVID-19 
economy. In many cases, these measures will 
increase  government  spending  which  may 
translate  into  increased  tax  pressure  on 
companies 
in  the  countries  where  we 
operate.  Changes  in  corporate  tax  rates 
and/or  other  relevant  tax  laws  may  have  a 
material  adverse  effect  on  our  business, 
financial condition, results of operations and 
cash flows. 

-  Potential tax reforms could have a negative 
impact on our financial condition, results of 
operations and cash flows. 

The number of cyber-attacks to companies has 
been increasing in the last few years. Many of 
these  attacks  have 
focused  on  critical 
infrastructure. 

-  We  have 
monitoring 
measures 
standards including ISO 27000. 

implemented  prevention, 
threat-detection 
international 

and 
following 

Given the unpredictability of the timing, nature 
and 
technology 
disruptions, we could be subject to production 

information 

scope  of 

48 

-  Internal and external audits to ensure that 
our  cybersecurity  controls  are  effective, 
targeted 
including 

simulated 

and 

 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Assessment of Change in Risk 

Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

or  failure  from  a  variety  of  sources, 
including,  without  limitation,  computer 
viruses,  security  breaches,  cyber-attacks, 
ransomware 
or 
destructive code, phishing attacks, natural 
disasters,  design  defects,  denial-of-
service-attacks or information or fraud or 
other security breaches. 

attacks,  malicious 

delays, 

destruction 

operational 

information, 

the 
downtimes, 
compromising  of  confidential  or  otherwise 
protected 
or 
corruption  of  data,  security  breaches,  other 
manipulation or improper use of our systems 
and networks or financial losses from remedial 
actions,  any  of  which  could  have  a  material 
adverse  effect  on  our  financial  condition, 
results of operations or cash flows. 

cyberattacks 
employees accounts. 

to  our 

servers 

and 

-  Employees training to detect, monitor and 

prevent threats. 

-  The  corporate  IT  team  (under  the  CFO 
take 

supervision)  and 
ownership in managing this risk. 

teams 

local 

Financial Risk Management 

Interest Rates 

We  incur  significant  indebtedness  at  the  corporate  and  asset  level.  The  interest  rate  risk  arises 
mainly from indebtedness at variable interest rates. To mitigate interest rate risk, we primarily use 
long-term interest rate swaps and interest rate options which, in exchange for a fee, offer protection 
against a rise in interest rates. As of December 31, 2021, approximately 92% of our project debt 
and close to 100% of our corporate debt either has fixed interest rates or has been hedged with 
swaps or caps. Nevertheless, our results of operations can be affected by changes in interest rates 
with  respect  to  the  unhedged  portion  of  our  indebtedness  that  bears  interest  at  floating  rates, 
which typically bear a spread over EURIBOR, LIBOR or over the alternative rates replacing these. 

Exchange Rates 

Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar, as most of our revenue and expenses are denominated 
or linked to U.S. dollars. All our companies located in North America, with the exception of Calgary, 
with revenue in Canadian dollars, and most of our companies in South America have their revenue 
and financing contracts signed in, or indexed totally or partially to U.S. dollars. Our solar power 
plants in Europe have their revenue and expenses denominated in euros, Kaxu, our solar plant in 
South Africa, has its revenue and expenses denominated in South African rand and La Sierpe our 
solar plant in Colombia has its revenue and expenses denominated in Colombian pesos. Project 
financing  is  typically  denominated  in  the  same  currency  as  that  of  the  contracted  revenue 
agreement.  This  policy  seeks  to  ensure  that  the  main  revenue  and  expenses  streams  in  foreign 
companies are denominated in the same currency, limiting our risk of foreign exchange differences 
in our financial results. 

Our strategy is to hedge cash distributions from our assets in Europe. We hedge the exchange rate 
for  the  distributions  in  euros  after  deducting  euro-denominated  interest  payments  and  euro-
denominated  general  and  administrative  expenses.  Through  currency  options,  we  have  hedged 
100%  of  our  euro-denominated  net  exposure  for  the  next  12  months  and  75%  of  our  euro-
denominated net exposure for the following 12 months. We expect to continue with this hedging 
strategy on a rolling basis. 

Although we hedge cash-flows in euros, fluctuations in the value of the euro in relation to the U.S. 
dollar  may  affect  our  operating  results.  For  example,  revenue  in  euro-denominated  companies 
could decrease when translated to U.S. dollars at the average foreign exchange rate solely due to 

49 

 
 
 
a decrease in the average foreign exchange rate, in spite of revenue in the original currency being 
stable. Fluctuations in the value of South African rand and Colombian peso with respect to the U.S. 
dollar may also affect our operating results. Apart from the impact of these translation differences, 
the  exposure  of  our  income  statement  to  fluctuations  of  foreign  currencies  is  limited,  as  the 
financing  of  projects  is  typically  denominated  in  the  same  currency  as  that  of  the  contracted 
revenue agreements. 

In our discussion of operating results, we have included foreign exchange impacts in our revenue 
by  providing  constant  currency  revenue  growth.  The  constant  currency  presentation  is  not  a 
measure  recognized  under  IFRS  and  excludes  the  impact  of  fluctuations  in  foreign  currency 
information  provides  valuable 
exchange  rates.  We  believe  providing  constant  currency 
supplemental  information  regarding  our  results  of  operations.  We  calculate  constant  currency 
amounts by converting our current period local currency revenue using the prior period foreign 
currency  average  exchange  rates  and  comparing  these  adjusted  amounts  to  our  prior  period 
reported  results.  This  calculation  may  differ  from  similarly  titled  measures  used  by  others  and, 
accordingly,  the  constant  currency  presentation  is  not  meant  to  substitute  recorded  amounts 
presented in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB, nor should such amounts be considered 
in isolation. 

Electricity market prices 

In  addition  to  regulated  revenue,  our  solar  assets  in  Spain  receive  revenue  from  the  sale  of 
electricity  at  market  prices.  Regulated  revenues  are  revised  every  three  years  to  reflect  the 
difference between expected and actual market prices if the difference is higher than a pre-defined 
threshold. Given that since mid-2021 electricity prices in Spain have been, and may continue to be, 
significantly higher than expected, it will cause a lower regulated revenue starting in 2023 over the 
remaining regulatory life of our solar assets. Also, the regulator or the administration may change 
or  may  create  new  mechanisms  to  adjust  the  price  of  electricity,  which  could  have  a  material 
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Credit Risks 

The credit rating of Eskom is currently CCC+ from S&P, Caa1 from Moody’s and B from Fitch. Eskom 
is the off-taker of our Kaxu solar plant, a state-owned, limited liability company, wholly owned by 
the government of the Republic of South Africa. Eskom’s payment guarantees to our Kaxu solar 
plant  are  underwritten  by  the  South  African  Department  of  Energy,  under  the  terms  of  an 
implementation agreement. The credit ratings of the Republic of South Africa as of the date of this 
report are BB-/Ba2/BB- by S&P, Moody’s and Fitch, respectively. 

In addition, Pemex’s credit rating is currently BBB from S&P, Ba3 from Moody’s and BB- from Fitch. 
We have been experiencing delays from our client collections since the second half of 2019 which 
have been significant in certain quarters. 

In 2019, we also entered into a political risk insurance agreement with the Multinational Investment 
Guarantee Agency for Kaxu. The insurance provides protection for breach of contract up to $78.0 
million in the event the South African Department of Energy does not comply with its obligations 
as guarantor. We also have a political risk insurance in place for our assets in Algeria up to $38.2 
million, including two years dividend coverage. These insurance policies do not cover credit risk. 

50 

 
 
 
Liquidity Risk 

The objective of our financing and liquidity policy is to ensure that we maintain sufficient funds to 
meet our financial obligations as they fall due. 

Project finance borrowing permits us to finance projects through project debt and thereby insulate 
the rest of our assets from such credit exposure. We incur project finance debt on a project-by-
project basis. 

The repayment profile of each project is established based on the projected cash flow generation 
of the business. This ensures that sufficient financing is available to meet deadlines and maturities, 
which mitigates the liquidity risk. 

51 

 
 
 
 
Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) 

Our  purpose  is  to  support  the  transition  towards  a  more  sustainable  world  by  investing  in  and 
managing  sustainable  infrastructure,  while  creating  long-term  value  for  our  shareholders, 
employees, suppliers, customers, business partners, local communities and debt investors. 

Atlantica’s strategy focuses on climate change solutions in the power and water sectors. We intend 
to be part of the solution to climate change. Our long-term strategy reflects this. We are committed 
to investing mostly in renewable energy assets as enablers of the energy transition. 

In  2021,  we  announced  an  ambitious  greenhouse  gas  emissions  (GHG)  reduction  objective 
approved by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi). Atlantica targets to reduce Scope 1 and 2 
GHG emissions per kWh of electricity produced by 70% by 2035 from a 2020 base year1. Targets 
are considered ‘science-based’ if they are in line with the latest levels recommended by climate 
science to meet the goals set out in the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to “well-below 
2ºC”. 

This objective is particularly ambitious for a company like Atlantica, where approximately 77% of 
the business consists of renewable energy production, an activity which already has a very low rate 
of emissions per unit of energy produced.  

In addition, we have a goal to maintain over 80% of our adjusted EBITDA generated from low-
carbon footprint assets including renewable energy, storage, transmission infrastructure and water 
assets. 

At Atlantica, we have set targets, issued and updated policies, delivered measurable results and 
hold ourselves to high ESG standards. We annually publish a comprehensive ESG Report prepared 
in  accordance  with  the  Global  Reporting  Initiative  (GRI)  and  the  Sustainability  Accounting 
Standards  Board  (SASB)  for  Electric  Utilities  standards.  We  also  follow  the  disclosure 
recommendations issued by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). We 
plan to disclose new detailed TCFD-related data as well as other sustainability information in our 
2021 ESG Report, expected to be published during the first semester of 2022.  

ESG Credentials 

In February 2022, Atlantica was included in the S&P Global Sustainability Yearbook. Atlantica was 
recognized with the Bronze Class distinction, awarded to Companies with a score within a 5% to 
10% of its industry top-performing company.  

Also in February 2022,  Sustainalytics updated its rating on Atlantica’s ESG factors. Atlantica was 
rated in the top 3rd percentile in its ESG Risk Rating for the utility industry. 

In January 2022, Atlantica was recognized once again as one of the World’s 100 Most Sustainable 
Corporations, issued annually by Corporate Knights. Atlantica ranked #8 in the Global 100 index 
and #2 in Power Generation. 

Also in January 2022, Atlantica was included for the 2nd consecutive year in the Bloomberg Gender-
Equality  Index  (GEI).  The  GEI  includes  418  companies  across  11  sectors  and  45  countries  and 
regions. It measures disclosure and gender equality using indicators across five dimensions: female 

1 The target boundary includes steam generation 

52 

 
 
 
 
leadership  and  talent  pipeline,  equal  pay  and  gender  pay  parity,  inclusive  culture,  anti-sexual 
harassment policies, and pro-women brand. 

In  December  2021,  the  Carbon  Disclosure  Project  (CDP)  issued  Atlantica’s  2021  climate  change 
rating. CDP included us in its “A List”, achieving the highest score on environmental transparency 
and action. 

In November 2021, Atlantica was selected amongst the inaugural recipients of the Terra Carta Seal, 
launched  by  His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales  through  the  Sustainable  Markets  Initiative 
(SMI). The Terra Carta Seal recognizes companies which are demonstrating their commitment to, 
and momentum towards, the creation of genuinely sustainable markets. It is awarded to companies 
whose ambitions are aligned with those of the Terra Carta, a recovery plan for Nature, People and 
Planet, launched in January 2021. 

Atlantica is a signatory to the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), the world’s largest corporate 
sustainability initiative with more than 12,000 signatories in over 160 countries. The UNGC is an 
initiative  which  encourages  companies  and  organizations  worldwide  to  adopt  sustainable  and 
socially-responsible  policies.  Participation  in  the  UNGC  is  voluntary  and  pledge  to  uphold  and 
disseminate the principles and report on their progress once they apply them in their management.  

As  part  of  its  commitment  to  sustainability,  Atlantica  has  formally  adopted  the  UNGC  ten 
fundamental principles in the fields of human rights, labour, environment and anticorruption. We 
have made the UNGC and its principles an integral part of our strategy, culture and day-to-day 
operations. 

Atlantica is committed to aligning its actions to 7 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals: climate 
action, affordable and clean energy, clean water and sanitation, decent work and economic growth, 
gender equality, life on land, and industry, innovation and infrastructure.  

Our ESG Report includes additional disclosure related to UNGC, which is available on our website. 

In  December  2021,  the  Board  updated  and/or  issued,  as  applicable,  several  key  documents 
following our long-term strategy: 

-  Compliance  documents,  including  the  Code  of  Conduct  and  the  Corporate  Governance 

Guidelines. 

53 

 
 
 
 
-  Health and Safety Policy. 
-  Environmental Policy. 
-  Diversity and Inclusion Policy 
-  Community Development and Involvement Policy. 
-  Biodiversity Policy. 
-  Asset Management Policy. 
-  Human Rights Policy (new). 

These policies are available on our website (www.atlantica.com). 

Environmental Awareness 

In 2021 we continued to improve our environmental awareness among our stakeholders. We also 
improved our social media and intranet content to increase environmental awareness.  

In  November 2021,  we participated  in  a  side  event  to  the  26th  Conference  of  the  Parties  to  the 
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP26) in Glasgow, UK.  

In  early  2021,  our  CEO  took  part  in  an  online  conference  hosted  by  RBC  Capital  Markets  on 
leveraging sustainability as a competitive advantage. Our CEO discussed how sustainability factors 
are impacting business and global markets, renewable energy investment opportunities and risks, 
and the importance of ESG and climate change disclosure. 

The European Union Taxonomy 

The European  Union  (EU)  Taxonomy  defines  economic  activities  that  can  be  considered 
environmentally sustainable. It is aimed at investors, companies and financial institutions, covers a 
wide range of industries and is expected to create security from greenwashing, help companies to 
plan the transition to a decarbonized economic model, and help shift investments where they are 
most needed. Reporting is not mandatory for Atlantica, but we have decided to voluntary provide 
revenue, Adjusted Ebitda and investment information of our business activities. 

2021 
Revenue  Adjusted 
EBITDA 

2020 
Investment  Revenue  Adjusted 
EBITDA 

Investment 

85% 

83% 

77% 

92%* 

Taxonomy  aligned:  Renewable  (solar, 
wind  and  hydro)  and  Transmission 
lines  contributing  to  climate  change 
mitigation 
Under Analysis 
Total (in USD million) 
*    Includes 2021 investments in Coso, Vento II, Chile PV2, La Sierpe and Italy PV 1, 2 and 3. 
**   Includes 2020 investments in Solana and Chile PV1. 
*** We are analyzing if our some of our 2021 acquisitions / investments are compliant with the EU taxonomy. 
Note: On February 2, 2022, the European Commission presented a “Taxonomy Complementary Climate Delegated Act” 
to  include  certain  gas  power  activities  as  part  of  the  EU's  transition  towards  climate  neutrality.  The  Complementary 
Delegated Act is expected to enter into force on January 1, 2023. The table above does not consider our efficient natural 
gas assets as taxonomy aligned. 

8%*** 
$1,212 

3%*** 
$480 

$1,013 

97%** 

$796 

$824 

$302 

83% 

Environmental Dimension 

Atlantica’s Environmental, Quality and Health and Safety Management System is ISO 14001, ISO 
9001 and 45001 compliant, respectively. These standards cover the management and acquisition 
of contracted assets. An external third party (DNV GL) audits our Environmental, Quality and Health 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and Safety Management System annually.  Our certifications, obtained for the first time in 2015, 
were renewed in May 2021 and are valid until May 2024. 

The Company’s management system guarantees that we comply with our own policies and with 
the regulations in force in each of the markets in which we operate. In particular, we measure and 
monitor the environmental impact of our activities and we analyse initiatives to reduce our GHG 
and non-GHG emissions, water consumption, and hazardous and non-hazardous waste. 

We perform annual internal audits on our assets to ensure compliance with our best practices and 
to  promote  continuous  improvement.  The  Operations  department  audits  all  our  assets  at  least 
every two years. The purpose of these audits is to review operational, maintenance, engineering, 
health and safety and environmental indicators, as well as to comply with reporting requirements. 
The internal audit team reviews the internal controls and financial information of all our assets on 
an annual basis. Specific internal audits may be carried out on certain assets on an as-needed basis.  

Number of Assets Audited and Improvement Actions in 2021 and 2020 

Assets audited 
Identified improvement actions 

2021 
13 
91 

2020 
13 
179 

Note 1: Approximately 85% of 2020 identified improvement actions were implemented during 2020 and 2021. The rest are expected to 
be implemented during 2022.  
Note  2:  Approximately  40%  of  2021  identified  improvement  actions  have  been  implemented.  The  rest  of  them  are  expected  to  be 
implemented during 2022. 
Note 3: Due to COVID-19 restrictions some of 2021 and 2020 audits were performed remotely and/or partially compared with the annual 
audit plan. 

In 2021 we closed the acquisition of Rioglass, a supplier of spare parts and services in the solar 
industry. Considering that we are still in the integration process for this subsidiary, we do not have 
reliable and comparable information on this subsidiary. As a result, we have decided to exclude 
Rioglass data in the greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, water and waste management sections. 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Atlantica complies with the 2008 U.K. Climate Change Act on GHG reporting, with the Commission 
Regulation (EU) No 601/2012, and with the GHG Protocol on GHG quantification. We followed the 
operational control approach to calculate our 2021 and 2020 GHG emissions data. 

As of December 31, 2021, approximately 86% of our installed power generation capacity relates to 
renewable energy assets and 14% refers to ACT and Monterrey, our efficient natural gas plants in 
Mexico, compared to 82% and 18% in 2020, respectively. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Installed Capacity in Generation Assets, MW 

2021 

14%
Efficient 
Natural 
Gas

86%
Renewable 
Energy

2020 

18%
Efficient 
Natural Gas

82%
Renewable 
Energy

Note: Our 55 MWt of district heating capacity is not included within the installed capacity of our generating assets. 

ACT achieved “efficient cogeneration facility”  status according to the Mexican energy regulator. 
The Mexican regulator categorises facilities that deliver energy above a defined efficiency threshold 
as “efficient plants”. This status allows ACT to benefit from certain favourable conditions regarding 
interconnection and transmission. 

We expect to complete the 2021 GHG inventory external verification in Q1 2022. In 2020, Atlantica’s 
complete  greenhouse  gas  inventory  was  also  externally  verified.  In  Mexico,  our  Scope  1  and  2 
greenhouse emissions were verified by ANCE, a leading certification association across industries 
in Mexico. In Spain, our Scope 1 greenhouse emissions were verified by AENOR, a not-for-profit 
entity that fosters standardization and certification across industrial and service sectors. The rest of 
our greenhouse gas inventory was verified by DNV GL, an independent expert in assurance and 
risk  management.  We  expect  no  significant  changes  to  2021  GHG  emissions  presented  in  this 
report. 

In 2021 we avoided emissions of approximately 5.7 million tons of equivalent CO2, compared with 
a  100%  fossil  fuel-based  generation  plant.  In  2020,  we  avoided  emissions  of  approximately  5.4 
million tons of equivalent CO2 compared with a 100% fossil-fuel based generation plant. 

We base our avoided emissions calculations on the “Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator” and 
the Avoided Emissions and Generation Tool (AVERT) U.S. national weighted average CO2 marginal 
emission rate, to convert reductions of kilowatt-hours into avoided units of CO2 emissions. In 2021 
and 2020, Atlantica’s GHG emissions ratio was well-below those of fossil fuel-based generation. 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
Atlantica’s GHG Emission Ratio vs. Fossil Fuel-Based Generation GHG Emissions Ratio 

2021 

2020 

h
W
k
/
e
2
O
C
g

1,000

750

500

250

0

709

191

h
W
k
/
e
2
O
C
g

1,000

750

500

250

0

709

188

Atlantica GHG Emissions
(Scopes 1+2)

Electricity-Related
Emissions Factor (AVERT)

Atlantica GHG Emissions
(Scopes 1+2)

Electricity-Related Emissions
Factor (AVERT)

We quantified and reported on the GHG emissions figures following the GHG Protocol: 
-  Scope 1: Direct emissions of GHG from sources that are owned or controlled by the Company. 
-  Scope 2: Indirect emissions of GHG from consumption of purchased electricity, heat or steam. 
-  Scope 3: Indirect emissions of GHG not included in Scope 2 that occur in the Company’s value 
chain,  including  both  upstream  and  downstream  emissions,  and  the  emissions  of  our  non-
consolidated affiliates. 

Our  reported  emissions  include  emissions  of  methane  (CH4),  and  nitrous  oxide  (N2O)  as  CO2 
equivalents. We use the GHG inventories conversion factors indicated by the organizations listed 
below: 

- 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the “IPCC”). 
-  United States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”). 
-  2021 GHG National Inventory from the Ministry of Ecological Transition in Spain. 

We calculated Scope 3 emissions using an economic input-output analysis and key emission factors 
from CEDA’s2 5.0 database. We also used the fuel consumption activity data and emission factors 
disclosed at WTT DEFRA 20213 to calculate Scope 3 emissions. 

Approximately 75% of the total GHG emissions generated in 2021 came from our efficient natural 
gas plants in Mexico, compared to 86% in 2020. The difference is mainly due to the consolidation 
of Coso, our geothermal asset, which increased GHG emissions generated by our renewable energy 
assets. 

2 CEDA stands for “Comprehensive Environmental Data Archive”, a set of databases designed to assist on environmental system analysis throughout the 
supply chain. 
3 WTT DEFRA  2021 stands for “Department of Environment Food and Rural  Affairs”, GHG conversion  factors from resource extraction, production and 
delivery. 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2021 

25% Others 

2020 

14% Others 

75% Efficient Natural Gas

86%  Efficient Natural Gas

Others: Renewable energy, water desalination assets, and 
transmission lines

Others: Renewable energy, water desalination assets, and 
transmission lines

GHG Emissions by Technology 
Following  U.K.  GHG  regulation  disclosure,  GHG  emissions  generated  in  the  U.K.  were  less  than 
0.001% in both 2021 and 2020. 

The graph below represents our GHG emissions in 2021 and 2020: 

3,000

2,757

2,832

e
2
O
C
f
o
s
n
o
t

0
0
0

'

2,000

1,737

1,795

1,000

0

821

800

199

237

Scope 1

Scope 2

Scope 3

Total

GHG Emissions Breakdown by Scope 

2020

2021

Total CO2 equivalent emissions generated by the Company in 2021 reached 2,832 thousand tons, 
compared to 2,757 thousand tons in 2020.  

Scope 1 emissions include CO2 emissions from Coso, our geothermal asset in California since we 
acquired the asset in April 2021. The area where our asset is located releases GHG emissions to the 
atmosphere, mostly in the form of CO2 that already exists and is released progressively in a natural 
process. With our activity, while we produce electricity, we are accelerating this process of release 
of  already  existing  CO2.  Following  the  GHG  protocol,  we  record  these  emissions  as  part  of  our 
Scope 1 emissions even though these emissions were not created by Atlantica. This is the main 
reason for the increase in Scope 1 emissions, which was partially offset by lower production in 2021 
compared  to  2020  at  ACT,  an  efficient  natural  gas  plant  in  Mexico.  Its  off-taker,  requested  less 
electricity  and  steam,  hence  decreased  natural  gas  consumption  and  emissions.  A  tolling 
agreement exists for this asset, according to which we receive water and natural gas from the client 
and in return we provide electricity and steam. 

In addition, our scope 2 emissions increased due to the consolidation of Tenes, our desalination 
water plant since June 2020. 2021 was the first complete year we consolidated this asset. 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finally, our scope 3 emissions decreased as most of them relate to ACT. In 2021 ACT had lower 
production compared to 2020, which resulted in lower emissions. 

Scope 1 and 2 GHG Emissions Rate per Unit of Energy Generated4 

h
W
K
/
e
2
O
C
g

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

188

191

2020

2021

Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions rate per unit of energy generated increased from 188 gCO2e/kWh 
in 2020 to 191 gCO2e/kWh in 2021. This increase is mainly due to the consolidation of Tenes, the 
desalination plant since May 2020 (adding GHG emissions (gCO2e) with no generation contribution 
(kWh)). 2021 was the first complete year we consolidated this asset. 

If we exclude the effect of our non-generating assets, the GHG emissions rate per unit of energy 
generated would have decreased from 175 gCO2e/kWh in 2020 to 173 gCO2e/kWh in 2021. The 
increase  caused  by  the  consolidation  of  Coso,  our  geothermal  asset,  was  offset  by  lower 
production, thus emissions, in ACT. 

Air Quality 

Regarding  non-GHG  emissions,  Atlantica  generates  (i)  nitrogen  oxide  (NOx),  excluding  nitrous 
oxide (N2O) which is computed within the GHG emission calculation, (ii) sulfur dioxide (SO2), and 
(iii)  carbon  monoxide  (CO).  Our  efficient  natural  gas  plants  in  Mexico  generate  most  of  these 
emissions.  

Tons 

2021 

2020 

NOx 
SO2 
CO 

550 
0.63 
397 
Note: We have revised 2020 figures to account for non-GHG emissions at Monterrey, a non-controlling investment. We have determined 
that non-GHG emissions at Monterrey are material, hence we have included them based on our percentage of economic interest in the 
project. 

526 
0.64 
342 

NOx and CO emissions decreased mainly due to lower production at ACT, which resulted in lower 
emissions.  

Water Management 

Atlantica is committed to using water efficiently in our operations. This covers two main types of 
water use: 

4 The ratio has been calculated considering electric and thermal generation. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
1.  Power generation in the assets that use cycled water in the turbine circuit and in refrigeration 

processes. 

2.  Generation of drinking water for local communities and industries through the desalination of 

sea water. 

We are also committed to: (i) calculating and monitoring our water usage and promoting rational 
and  sustainable  use  of  water  in  compliance  with  our  Environmental  Policy,  (ii)  limiting  water 
consumption as much as possible and operating our assets using an amount of water well below 
legal limits, and (iii) continuing to improve our water management beyond compliance. We aim to 
reduce the water consumption of our plants over time. 

1.  Power Generation 

Renewable Energy Assets 

Some of our renewable assets use water in its power generation process. These plants use water 
for cooling condensers during power generation. We withdraw fresh water primarily from rivers 
and aquifers. The Company holds permits to withdraw water from these sources and adheres to 
regulations  on water  quality.  The  difference  between water withdrawn  from  and  returned  to  its 
source is our water consumption which occurs because of evaporation. 

We  measure  the  water  we  withdraw  and  return  using  the  installed  water  meters  on  the  plants’ 
pumping equipment. The reported volumes represent the total readings measured by the water 
meters at all our assets without adjusting for our interest in the assets.  

The water meters are sealed and are normally subject to audit by the inspector representing the 
local water authorities. We comply with the requirements and regulations of the applicable local 
regulatory authorities in the areas in which we operate. We regularly report the results of our water 
statistics to the local water agencies. 

For  example,  we  have  implemented  an  air-dry  cooling  system,  instead  of  cooling  towers,  to 
refrigerate the condensers in one of our plants. This plant is in an area of water scarcity and this 
system reduces the demand for water. 

Efficient Natural Gas Plant 

The ACT plant is an efficient natural gas cogeneration facility with a rated capacity of approximately 
300 MW and between 550 and 800 metric tons per hour of steam. ACT produces electrical energy 
and steam. 

The  water  necessary  to  operate  the  plant  is  withdrawn  and  supplied  by  our  client.  The  water 
received  is  transformed  to  high  pressure  steam  through  heat  recovery  steam  generators  and 
delivered back to the client. 

The  following  charts  set  out  water  management  key  performance  indicators  (KPIs)  for  power 
generation assets for 2021 and 2020: 

60 

 
 
 
l

a
w
a
r
d
h
t
i

w

r
e
t
a
w
3

m
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

s
e
g
r
a
h
c
s
i
d
r
e
t
a
w
3

m
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

Water Withdrawal and Water Savings 

Water Withdrawal Breakdown by Sources of Water 

25

20

15

10

5

0

5

4

3

2

1

0

51%

16.0

43%

17.3

2020

2021

Water Savings

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

l

a
w
a
r
d
h
t
i

w

r
e
t
a
w
3
m
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

10.4

11.8

5.6

5.5

2020

2021

Ground Water

Surface Water

Public Network

Water Discharges 

Water Withdrawal and Discharges per MWh 

2.1

2.3

2020

2021

h
W
M

r
e
p
3
m

3

2

1

0

1.56

1.63

0.21

0.22

Withdrawal

Discharges

2020

2021

In 2021, we withdrew 12.4 million cubic meters of water at our renewable energy assets and we 
returned 2.3 million cubic meters (18%) back to the source, which represents an increase of the 
water used in our operations compared to the previous year.  In 2020, we withdrew 10.6 million 
cubic meters of water at our renewable energy assets and we returned 2.1 million cubic meters 
(20%) back to the source.  

Also, in 2021, our client withdrew and supplied 4.9 million cubic meters of surface water to ACT. In 
2020,  the client withdrew and supplied 5.4 million cubic meters of surface water. In both years, 
water received was transformed to high pressure steam through heat recovery steam generators 
and  delivered  back  to  our  client.  Water  withdrawn  was  0.5  million  cubic  meters  lower  in  2021 
because of lower production per the client request, which resulted in lower water withdrawal.  

Independent  external  laboratories  periodically  test  the  quality  of  the  water  returned  to  the 
environment.  The  12.4  million  cubic  meters  represents  57%  of  the  limits  allowed  by  our  water 
permits.  The  difference between  the  water  permit  limits  and  actual  water  withdrawn  represents 
water savings.  

2.  Water Desalination 

Some parts of the world are suffering from ongoing drought which, combined with a water supply 
that is unfit for human consumption, can foster disease and death. Water scarcity also affects food 
production. The desalination of sea water provides a climate-independent source of drinking water.  

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We withdraw sea water for desalination as specified in the agreements for our three desalination 
plants. 

In 2021, we withdrew 402.4 million cubic meters of sea water, from which we removed salt and 
minerals during the desalination process at our water treatment facilities to prepare it for human 
consumption.  The  difference  between  water  withdrawn  from  and  returned  to  the  sea  is  the 
desalinated potable water delivered to the water utility, as specified by our take-or-pay agreements 
for the consumption needs of approximately 3 million people. In 2021, we produced 167.6 million 
cubic meters of desalinated water and returned 234.8 million cubic meters (58%) back to the sea.  

In 2020, we withdrew  330.3 million cubic meters and returned 185.9 million cubic meters (56%) 
back to the sea. 2021 was the first full year our water segment included three desalination plants, 
hence water withdrawal increased from 330.3 million cubic meters in 2020 to 402.4 million cubic 
meters in 2021. 

Waste Management 

The  Company’s  assets  produce  two  main  types  of  waste,  hazardous  and  non-hazardous.  Our 
processes generate hazardous waste through the use of chemical products. Waste that does not 
contain substances that are potentially harmful to human health or the environment is defined as 
non-hazardous  waste.  Atlantica  is  committed  to  reduce  waste  and  has  a  comprehensive  waste 
management system with controls in place. 

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

e
t
s
a
W

f
o
s

n
o
T

20,532

21,868

2,482

2,649

Non- Hazardous Waste

Hazardous Waste

2020

2021

Note:  We  have  revised  2020  figures  to  account  for  waste  at  Monterrey,  a  non-controlling  investment,  based  on  our 
percentage of economic interest in the project. 

Atlantica  is  committed  to  reducing  waste  and  has  a  comprehensive  waste  management  system 
with controls in place. Our targets go beyond legal compliance. In 2021 we continued to implement 
new initiatives that improved our leak detection capabilities. We also provided enhanced employee 
waste-related training, updated our leaks procedure with best practices and lessons learned and 
identified new recycling and reusing initiatives. 

Hazardous Waste 

The main reason for the increase of hazardous waste in 2021 corresponds to land removal from a 
2019  environmental  accident  at  one  of  our  assets  in  Spain.  Absent  this  remediation  action 
corresponding to prior periods, our hazardous waste would have been reduced.  The increase is 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
also  due  to  the  acquisition  of  Coso  our  geothermal  asset  in  April  2021.  In  Coso,  the  extracted 
geothermal steam contains a small portion of non-condensable gases. These gases are pumped to 
an  emission  abatement  system  that  converts  them  into  hazardous  waste,  preventing  polluting 
gases to be emitted to the atmosphere. 

In 2021 we reused or recycled 30% of the total hazardous waste generated and disposed of the 
remaining  70%  in  landfills.  In  2020,  we  reused  or  recycled  55%  of  the  total  hazardous  waste 
generated  and  disposed  of  the  remaining  45%  in  landfills.  Following  legal  requirements,  the 
additional land removal at one of our assets in Spain was deposited in landfills. 

Non-hazardous Waste 

Non-hazardous  waste  concerns  the  wastewater  treatment  plants  and  the  reuse  of  wastewater 
before  discharge.  In  2021,  the  non-hazardous  waste  increase  was  mainly  driven  by  poorer 
withdrawal water quality at some assets in Spain. 

In 2021, we reused or recycled 70% of the total non-hazardous waste generated and disposed of 
the remaining 30% in landfills, compared to 61% and 39%, respectively, in 2020.  

Energy Consumption 

Our  renewable  energy,  efficient  natural  gas  and  water  assets  consume  energy  from  different 
sources,  including  purchased  fuel  and  electricity  and,  self-generated  energy.  In  2021,  Atlantica 
consumed 8,376 GWh of energy compared to 9,287 GWh of energy in 2020.  

Energy Consumption 

In GWh 
Consumption of Fuel 

Consumption of Purchased Electricity for own use 

Consumption of Self-Generated Renewable Energy 

Total Energy Consumption 

2021 

2020 

7,543 

537 

296 

8,376 

8,545 

448 

294 

9,287 

In  2021  and  2020  approximately  90%  of  fuel  consumption  came  from  ACT,  our  natural  gas 
subsidiary in Mexico. In 2021 the asset had lower production resulting in lower fuel consumption. 

Following U.K. energy consumption regulation disclosure, energy consumption generated in the 
U.K. was less than 0.001% in both 2021 and 2020. 

Employees 

At Atlantica, fostering a collaborative environment is one of our core values. Respect, teamwork 
and empowerment are key principles to building effective teams. 

Our values and Code of Conduct set out what we expect of all our people. The honesty, integrity 
and  sound  judgement  of  our  employees,  officers  and  directors  are  essential  to  Atlantica's 

63 

 
 
 
reputation  and success. We  seek  employees who  have  the  right  skills  and  who understand and 
embody the values and expected behaviors that guide our business activity. 

Atlantica has built standardized processes for evaluating the performance of our employees and 
have  in-place  a  career  development  program,  performance  assessments  and  skills  training 
programs aimed at talent retention and development.  

The Company offers packages that include monetary compensation and remuneration in-kind.  

In 2021 and 2020, we based our compensation policy on these four pillars: 

1.  Pre-defined remuneration bands based on market surveys provided by external consultants for 

certain positions.  

2.  Annual performance appraisal for 100% of our employees. 
3.  Variable compensation based on Company, department and individual targets. 
4.  Long-term incentive plan for management. 

Regarding our training program, we identify training categories to improve distinct sets of skills, 
integrate them into Atlantica’s team and culture, and as a measure to retain talented employees: 

- 

Introduction  to  Atlantica.  All  new  employees  must  attend  our  “Introduction  to  Atlantica” 
course during their induction period. In addition, all the employees receive training about our 
compliance and management policies. 

-  Management skills. We offer soft management-skills courses to improve negotiation, team-
working, team-building, decision-making, leadership and communication, among other skills. 
-  Technical knowledge courses. Our training plans also include technical knowledge courses 

specific to different technical fields. 

-  Languages.  We  offer  several  language  courses  to  our  employees  to  allow  them  to  operate 

effectively in an international setting.  

-  Health and Safety. This is part of our core values. We offer several training courses to both 

our employees and operation and maintenance personnel to reinforce it. 

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, Atlantica offered over 150 different training programs to its 
employees. The employee agrees on the definitive training program with his or her manager and, 
the People and Culture department. In 2021, employees completed on average 80 hours of training 
compared to 33 in 2020. COVID-19 pandemic limitations postponed to 2021 scheduled training is 
the primary reason for higher training hours in 2021 versus 2020. 

64 

 
 
 
The  table  below  shows  the  average  number  of  employees  for  the  years  2021  and  2020  on  a 
consolidated basis: 

Average Number of Employees by Geography 
North America 
South America 
EMEA 
Corporate 
Total 

Average Number of Employees by Category 
Management 
Middle Management** 
Engineers and Graduates 
Assistants and Professionals 
Asset Operations Employees 
Total 

 Average Number of Employees by Gender 
Male 
Female 

2021 
296 
61 
61 
109 
527 

2021 
16 
100 
158 
25 
228 
527 

2021 

396 

131 

2020 
237 
46 
54 
104 
441 

2020 
17 
94 
132 
20 
178 
441 

2020 

325 

116 

Total 
(*) Middle Management consists of employees who: (i) manage a specific area, (ii) supervise a group of employees, or (iii) are considered 
key personnel within the organization. 

527 

441 

In 2021 we closed the acquisition of Rioglass, a supplier of spare parts and services in the solar 
industry. Since we are still in the integration process for this subsidiary, we do not have reliable and 
comparable information on this subsidiary and as a result we have decided to exclude Rioglass in 
the tables above. 

The increase in the average number of employees during 2021 compared to 2020 was mostly due 
to the investments closed during 2021 and in particular Coso, our geothermal asset in California. 
This  subsidiary  brought  76  new  employees,  of  which  approximately  76%  were  operation  and 
maintenance employees and approximately 89% were men.  

In  2021,  131  out  of  527  average  employees  were  women,  representing  25%  of  the  Company’s 
personnel. In 2020, 116 out of 441 employees were women, or 26% of the total headcount. 

The  table  below  summarizes  the  percentage  of women  at  the Board of Directors,  management 
level (without including middle management level and without including directors) and over total 
number of employees as of December 31, 2021 and 2020: 

Women at the Board of Directors 
Women at Management Level  
Women at Atlantica 

2021 
25% 
25% 
25% 

2020 
25% 
24% 
26% 

By 2021 year-end, our workforce increased to 558 from 456 in 2020. Women represented 25% of 
the  Company’s  personnel  by  year-end,  compared  to  26%  of  the  total  headcount  in  2020.  In 
addition,  there  were  99  full-time  employees  in  Rioglass.  Including  these  employees,  women 
represented approximately 24% of 657 employees. 
65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Atlantica guarantees respect for salary equality rights. Monitoring pay equality is one of the key 
factors to ensuring the creation of an inclusive and respectful culture without differentiation based 
on gender, age, race or any other personal factor. 

The Company is determined to ensure that there is no gender-based inequality in its activities by 
offering equal pay for equal work in all the businesses and countries where it does business. We 
expect to disclose our 2021 gender pay gap analysis in our 2021 ESG Report. 

We did not receive any communication regarding potentially discriminatory incidents in 2021 nor 
2020. 

In  2021  our  consolidated  employee  benefit  expense  was  $78.8  million,  of  which  $70.5  million 
comprised wages and salaries, $4.6 million social security costs incurred by the Company, and other 
expenses. In 2020 our consolidated employee benefit expense was $54.5 million, of which $47.2 
million comprised wages and salaries, $3.7 million to social security costs incurred by the Company 
and, other expenses. The increase was mostly due to the investments closed during 2021. 

The graphs below summarize the age and gender diversity of our people as of December 31, 2021 
and 2020: 

2021 

2020 

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2%

8%

11%

5%

Women

Above 51

41-50

31-40

Below 30

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

15%

20%

28%

11%

Men

2%
9%

11%

5%

Women

Above 51

41-50

31-40

Below 30

15%

20%

28%

11%

Men

We have a key management team with extensive experience in developing, financing, managing 
and operating contracted sustainable infrastructure assets. Our key management in 2021 and 2020 
is made up of the following members: 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
  
Name 

David Esteban 

Emiliano Garcia 

Position 

VP EMEA 

VP North America 

Irene M. Hernandez 

General Counsel and Chief of Compliance 

Francisco Martinez-Davis 

Chief Financial Officer 

Antonio Merino 

VP South America 

Stevens C. Moore 

VP Strategy and Corporate Development 

Santiago Seage 

Chief Executive Officer and Director 

Year of Birth 

1979 

1968 

1980 

1963 

1967 

1973 

1969 

There are no potential conflicts of interest between the private interests or other duties of the key 
management members listed above and their duties to Atlantica. There are no familial relationships 
among any of our executive officers or directors. 

Diversity and Inclusion 

At Atlantica, we believe that the diversity of our workforce is an asset that enriches the Company 
with  fresh  ideas,  perspectives,  and  experiences.  We  acknowledge  the  contribution  of  people  of 
different genders, nationalities, cultures, races, professional backgrounds, abilities, socio-economic 
backgrounds,  and  ages.  Our  belief  is  that  employees  with  diverse  skills  represent  an  important 
resource  identifying  innovative  solutions  and  improving  our  business  performance,  which 
ultimately benefits all our stakeholders. 

We  provide  a  work  environment  free  of  discrimination,  intimidation  and  harassment,  where 
everyone can participate in the success of the business and where all employees are valued for the 
distinctive skills and experiences they bring to the Company. 

Currently, 25% of the members of both the Board of Directors and Management are women. 

In January 2021, Atlantica was included for the 2nd consecutive year in Bloomberg Gender-Equality 
Index (GEI). We believe Bloomberg’s GEI helps bring transparency to gender-related practices and 
policies at publicly listed companies by increasing ESG data available to investors. The GEI scoring 
method measures gender equality a across five areas: female leadership and talent pipeline, equal 
pay  and  gender  pay  parity,  inclusive  culture,  anti-sexual  harassment  policies,  and  pro-women 
brand. In 2021, the GEI includes 418 companies across 11 sectors and 45 countries and regions. 

In 2021 and 2020, Atlantica has been part of the Women’s Empowerment Principles, a set of good 
business  practices  that  promote  equality  between  men  and  women  across  all  areas  of  the 
organization. 

In  2021  and  2020  we  were  not  notified  of  any  incidents  relating  to  potential  situations  of 
discrimination. 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
People Management 

We believe that by providing a healthy working environment for our employees, and by enhancing 
social and professional development we will retain and attract valuable employees. Employees are 
a core component of our present and future success.  

Our values and Code of Conduct set out what we expect of all our people. The honesty, integrity 
and sound judgement of our employees, officers and directors is essential to Atlantica's reputation 
and success. We seek employees who have the right skills and who understand and embody the 
values and expected behaviours that guide our business activity. 

To improve communication with our people we have implemented several measures:  

-  Our CEO updates Atlantica’s employees on key priorities in open sessions with Q&A at least 

twice a year.  

-  Our senior management takes part in our “Atlantica’s Management Model” training to discuss 
with all employees the Company’s long-term strategy and business model, recent milestones, 
growth strategy, as well as values, policies and procedures. We promote an informal and open 
environment to foster discussions with employees in groups of less than 20 people. Employees 
can express their ideas and concerns without evaluation or retaliation. The feedback is analysed 
and  shared  with  Atlantica’s  management  in  monthly  management  meetings.  Where 
appropriate, we devise action plans and assign one or several managers responsibility for their 
implementation.  

-  We periodically publish Atlantica-related news via our internal intranet. 

In 2021, we had an employee voluntary turnover of 10.4%, which increased from 7.5% in 2020. This 
is  due  to  the  low  unemployment  and  high  rotation  in  the  U.S.  If  we  exclude  the  effect  of  our 
employees in the U.S., our employee voluntary turnover would have remained at 5.9%. Turnover 
has been traditionally higher in the U.S. compared to the rest of our geographies, due to lower 
unemployment rates. In 2021, employee turnover has increased in general in the U.S. following the 
rapid economy recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Also in 2021, 30 of our employees took parental leave in 2021, of which 19 were men and 11 were 
women, and 21 employees enjoyed parental leave in 2020 (14 men and 7 women). In both years, 
all employees returned to work. 

At  Atlantica,  we  offer  a  remuneration  package  that  includes  monetary  and  non-monetary 
compensation. In 2021 and 2020, we based our compensation policy on these four pillars: 

-  Pre-defined  remuneration  bands  based  on  market  surveys  provided  by  several  external 

consultants for certain positions.  

-  Annual performance appraisal for 100% of our employees. 
-  Variable compensation based on Company targets, departmental targets and individual targets. 
- 

Long-term incentive plan for certain employees. 

Our  People  and  Culture  department  receives  remuneration  data  from  two  separate  external 
consultants for certain positions by location.  

The  package  offered  by  Atlantica  includes  monetary  compensation  and  remuneration  in-kind, 
depending on the employee’s position, and on local practices in the countries in which we operate. 
In  addition,  we  offer  flexible  compensation  in  certain  locations,  which  sometime  presents  tax 

68 

 
 
 
advantages for employees. Under current local regulations, we offer 401(k) plans in the U.S. We 
also finance a high percentage of the health insurance costs of our employees and their immediate 
family  in  most  of  the  countries  where  we  are  based.  Finally,  in  certain  locations,  we  have 
implemented health initiatives including providing fresh fruit at our offices and subsidizing fitness.  

In 2021, we continued implementing COVID-19 related contingency plans to guarantee the safety 
of  our  employees.  Since  March  2020,  we  have  implemented  the  use  of  additional  personal 
protection  equipment  (PPE),  reinforced  access  control  to  our  plants,  reduced  contact  between 
employees, changed shifts and tested employees. We have also reinforced our physical and cyber-
security  measures.  We  have  implemented  protocols  to  decide  which  offices  to  keep  open  and 
under what limitations, depending on health indicators in each specific region.  

Community Development and Involvement Initiatives 

Atlantica’s day-to-day activities affect nearby communities. These are the communities where some 
of our employees and other stakeholders live and raise their families, and where part of our future 
workforce is educated. It is crucial that we bring value to our communities. 

We recognize that some communities where Atlantica is present are suffering and will continue to 
suffer  the  consequences  of  COVID-19.  In  2021  and  2020  we  focused  most  of  our  efforts  on 
mitigating  the  impact  of  COVID-19.  We  will  continue  to  look  for  ways  to  help  our  surrounding 
communities to minimize the impact of COVID-19. 

The  Company’s  corporate  culture  includes  a  commitment  to  supporting  the  long-term 
development  of  the  communities  where  we  operate.  Our  Community  Development  and 
Involvement Policy is available on our website (www.atlantica.com). 

Occupational Health and Safety 

The first of Atlantica’s core values is “Integrity, Compliance and Safety”. Atlantica, its Board and its 
management are committed to prioritizing and actively promoting health and safety as a tool to 
protect the integrity and health of our employees and those of our subcontractors at our assets or 
work  centres.  We  promote  a  safe  operating  culture  across  Atlantica  and  encourage  our 
subcontractors  to  adopt  a  preventive  culture  in  the  operation  and  maintenance  activities  as 
reflected in our corporate health and safety policy available on our website (www.atlantica.com). 

COVID-19 Pandemic 

In 2020, we established a COVID-19 Committee which included the CEO, the geographic VPs, the 
Health and Safety Manager and other members of Atlantica’s management team. During 2021, the 
Committee  adapted  measures  to  the  new  information  released  on  COVID-19  in  each  specific 
location where our assets and offices are located and took all necessary actions to manage the risks 
affecting our employees, operations and stakeholders. In 2021, we held 83 COVID-19 Committee 
meetings. We have continued to monitor and implement health and safety measures for each asset 
and  office.  During  2021  and  2020,  we  continued  operating  the  assets  and  providing  a  reliable 
service to all our clients, with no disruptions to availability or production because of COVID-19. 

Some key actions implemented during 2021 COVID-19 pandemic include: 

▪  Our COVID-19 Committee: 

69 

 
 
 
- 

Implemented measures based on developments in COVID-19 data in countries and regions 
where we are present. 

-  Defined key KPIs to monitor the pandemic situation in all the regions and decide whether 

to open or close our offices in each region. 

-  Monitored positive cases among employees and subcontractors, supervising the isolation 

of positive cases and close contacts. 

-  Monitored new regulations issued by governments (measures include implementing such 
regulations, where appropriate). The Committee approves all necessary measures without 
delay. 

-  Developed and implemented new measures to adapt our protocols to the last technical 

publications about the virus. 

▪ 

In  those  regions  where  the  vaccination  rates  are  lower,  we  took  measures  to  incentivize 
employees and subcontractors employees to get  the COVID-19 vaccine. For example,  in the 
U.S.  and  in  South  Africa  our  initiatives  increased  the  number  of  vaccinated  operation  and 
maintenance employees by approximately 10% and 25%, respectively. 

▪  We  implemented  new  safety  initiatives  such  as  improvement  of  the  ventilation  and  the 

measurement of CO2 levels as an indirect indicator of a good/bad ventilation. 

Health and Safety Management System 

Atlantica conducts annual internal and external audits to test our health and safety management 
system. An independent third party carries out the external audit. In 2021, we certified our system 
to the new ISO 45001.  

In  addition,  we  perform  periodic  health  and  safety  audits  of  our  operation  and  maintenance 
suppliers to monitor compliance with legal regulations, contractual requirements, and our safety 
best practices. 

Health and Safety Best Practices 

Our health and safety rates include both our employees and subcontractors data. 

The Company’s health and safety best practices program is a key management tool. It has been in 
place  since  2017  and  we  regularly  update  it  to  include  the  lessons  learned  from  our  peers, 
contractors and suppliers. During 2021, we continued implementing new best practices as well as 
incorporated our best practices to newly acquired assets. 

-  “Walk  and  Talk”  awards.  We  present  quarterly  awards  to  employees  of  Atlantica  and  our 

subcontractors for the best safety improvement proposals. 

-  “Golden Rules” applied to each of our technologies. We defined key safety rules for each of our 
technologies, which we communicated to all employees, posted on boards at all our assets and 
included in regular operation and maintenance training. 

-  Safety  Day.  In  2021  we  held  our  Safety  Day  online  and  physically  at  some  of  our  assets 
depending  on  COVID-19  pandemic  restrictions.  Over  750  Atlantica’s  employees  and 
subcontractors’ employees took part. We honored 30 Atlantica and subcontractors employees 
with awards for their commitment to safety. 

70 

 
 
 
 
Health and Safety Rates 

Our Frequency with Leave Index (FWLI) represents the total number of lost-time accidents recorded 
in the last 12 months per million hours worked. We ended 2021 at 2.3 compared to 1.4 in 2020.  

Frequency with Leave Index in 2020 and 2021 

Employees 

Subcontractors 

Total 

3

2

1

0

2.0

2.4

1.9

3

2

1

0

2.3

1.4

3

2

1

0

2020

2021

2020

2021

2020

2021

Atlantica’s FWLI is below the sector average. 

FWLI Below Sector Average in 2020 and 2021 

10

8

6

4

2

0

5.5

1.4

3.3

2.3

2020*

Sector Average

Atlantica

2021*

(*) Weighted Index is calculated based on the Public National Index weighted by actual working hours in each geography. Sources: USA: 
Bureau of Labor Statistics (2020); Mexico: Secretaria del Trabajo y Prevision Social (2020); EMEA: Spain, South Africa and Algeria: Instituto 
Nacional de Estadisticas (2021); Peru and Chile: Superintendencia Seguridad Social Chile (2020); Uruguay: Banco del Seguros del Estado 
(2019).  

Our General Frequency Index (GFI) represents the total number of recordable accidents with and 
without lost time recorded in the last 12 months per million hours worked. We ended 2021 at 6.0, 
representing approximately a 20% increase compared to 2020.  

General Frequency Index in 2020 and 2021 

Employees 

5.6

0.9

8

6

4

2

0

8

6

4

2

0

Subcontractors 

6.8

6.2

Total 

5.0

6.0

8

6

4

2

0

2020

2021

2020

2021

2020

2021

Atlantica’s GFI is below the sector average. 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GFI Below Sector Average in 2020 and 2021 

20

15

10

5

0

13.0

5.0

7.5

6.0

2020*

2021*

Sector Average

Atlantica

(*) Weighted Index is calculated based on the Public National Index weighted by actual working hours in each geography. Sources: USA: 
Bureau of Labor Statistics (2020); Mexico: Secretaria del Trabajo y Prevision Social (2020); EMEA: Spain, South Africa and Algeria: Instituto 
Nacional de Estadisticas (2021); Peru and Chile: Superintendencia Seguridad Social Chile (2020); Uruguay: Banco del Seguros del Estado 
(2019).  

Although our ratios remain low, the FWLI and GFI increase is mostly due to safety accidents at one 
of the assets acquired in 2021. We are still working on the integration of recently acquired assets 
in order to implement our strong safety culture in all the subsidiaries. We undertook all necessary 
measures  to  minimize  potential  safety  impacts,  performed  specific  external  and  internal  audits, 
issued new safety campaigns and bulletins, improved safety inspections, procedures and training, 
and extended health and safety bonus to certain employees to improve supervision. 

Due to COVID-19 travel restrictions some of 2021 health and safety, operations and environmental 
audits were performed remotely and/or partially compared with the audit plan. We will make every 
effort  to  implement  new  health  and  safety  measures  during  2022  despite  COVID-19  potential 
restrictions. 

The fatality rate (including both our employees and subcontractors) has been zero, and we have 
recorded no major injuries since our incorporation. 

We  also  monitor  near-misses  and  unsafe  acts  and  conditions  through  our  Total  Recordable 
Deviation  Index  (TRDI).  This  index  represents  the  number  of  near-misses  and  unsafe  acts  and 
conditions  recorded  in  the  last  12  months  per  million  hours  worked.  The  goal  of  this  Key 
Performance Indicator (KPI) is to encourage the identification and communication of near misses 
and unsafe acts and conditions by our employees and our contractors’ employees. Given the fact 
that this helps to identify risks and to implement adequate preventive measures, the higher the 
rate is, the better.  

In  2021  our  TRDI  improved  thanks  to  the  enhanced  risk  identification  processes  and 
communication initiatives implemented in our assets. Our preventive reporting program, mainly 
through Walk and Talk, has progressed alongside our measures to managing and mitigating risks. 
We believe in the health and safety processes and procedures we have in-place, hence we expect 
the Total Recordable Deviations to remain relatively stable in the future. 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

1,197

1,519

2020

2021

Total Recordable Deviations Index 

By 2021 year-end, 65% of our assets had achieved more than 1,000 days without lost time accidents 
and 70% over 500 days without lost-time accidents.  

In 2022, we will continue to devote time and effort to protect our employees and subcontractors 
against COVID-19 and promoting a health and safety culture. We will seek to continue to improve 
our health and safety performance by using our existing tools and implementing new ones based 
on best practices.  

Business Ethics 

“Integrity,  Compliance and  Safety”  is  our  first  value  and  prevails  over  the  rest.  We  continuously 
strive for the highest standards of business conduct, safety, professionalism, honesty, and ethical 
conduct even if it means making difficult choices. We are committed to promoting ethical business 
practices and complying with all relevant laws and regulations.  

The  Company  has  policies,  processes,  and  procedures  in-place  to  prevent,  avoid  and  mitigate 
actions improper or contrary to law and to ensure ethical principles are applied in all our activities. 
In  addition,  Atlantica  has  implemented  a  Code  of  Conduct  to  ensure  consistent  and  effective 
commitment to Integrity and Compliance. We refer to the Code of Conduct section for additional 
disclosure  on  our  Code.  We  also  promote  and  strengthen  measures  to  prevent  and  combat 
corruption more effectively and efficiently. Our Anti-Bribery and Corruption Policy applies to all 
Atlantica businesses. 

The  Whistleblowing  Channel  is  an  essential  part  of  Atlantica’s  commitment  to  fighting  fraud, 
irregularities  and  corruption.  It  is  available  on  our  website  to  all  Company  employees  and 
stakeholders. It serves as a tool to report any complaints and concerns about management, as well 
as  any  breaches  of  the  Code  of  Conduct  or  any  conduct  contrary  to  ethics,  law  or  Company 
standards. The channel is managed by the Audit Committee. Confidentiality and no retaliation are 
the essential operating principles of the channel. We may suspend these principles only where the 
claimant did not act in good faith.  

Atlantica business activities are governed by laws that prohibit bribery supporting global efforts to 
fight corruption. Specifically, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and the U.K. Bribery Act 
2010 make it a criminal offense for companies, as well as their officers, directors, employees, and 
agents, (or any other person) to give, request, promise, offer or authorize the payment of anything 
of value (such as money, any advantage, benefits in kind, or other benefits) to a foreign official, 
foreign political party, officials of foreign political parties, candidates for foreign political office or 
officials of public international organizations to obtain or retain business. Similar laws have been 

73 

 
 
 
 
or  are  being  adopted  by  other  countries.  Private  bribery  is  also  illegal  under  U.S.  laws,  the  U.K. 
Bribery Act, and the laws of other jurisdictions.  

Neither  the  Company,  nor  its  directors,  employees  or  representatives  on  its  behalf,  can  make 
political  contributions  (donations  to  politicians,  political  parties  or  political  organizations)  or 
sponsor  events  whose  exclusive  purpose  is  political  propaganda.  In  2021  and  2020,  neither 
Atlantica nor any of its subsidiaries made any financial or political contributions in-kind to political 
organisations, political campaigns, lobbyists or lobbying organizations, trade organizations (with 
political impact) nor other tax-exempt groups, whether directly or indirectly. 

Finally, all our officers and employees working with sensitive information sign a formal commitment 
annually acknowledging our insider trading policy. We also provide compliance courses. 

Human Rights 

We are committed to conducting our business in a manner that respects the rights and dignity of 
our  employees  and  those  linked  to  our  activities  including  our  supply  chain.  We  respect 
internationally recognized human rights, as set out in the International Bill of Human Rights and 
the International Labour Organization´s (ILO) Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at 
Work. Labor practices at Atlantica and the professional activities of its employees, executives and 
directors are governed by the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the ILO 
on social rights, and the principles of the United Nations Global Compact. 

Freedom of association is a human right as defined by international declarations and conventions. 
The  right  of  workers  to  collectively  bargain  the  terms  and  conditions  of  work  is  also  an 
internationally recognized human right. Collective bargaining refers to all negotiations which take 
place between one or more employers or employers' organizations, on the one hand, and one or 
more workers' organizations (trade unions), on the other, for determining working conditions and 
terms of employment or for regulating relations between employers and workers.  

Atlantica  is  a  signatory  to  the  UNGC,  whose  principles  are  derived  from,  among  others,  the 
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the ILO’s Declaration on Fundamental Principles and 
Rights  at  Work.  The  environment,  social  and  governance  section  includes  additional  disclosure 
related to UNGC. 

Our  Code  of  Conduct  includes  a  section  on  Human  and  Labor  Rights.  The  code  requires  all 
employees,  officers  and  directors  to  report  any  illegal  behavior  or  violations  of  laws,  rules  or 
regulations. All our employees acknowledge our Code of Conduct once per year and they all receive 
training on our internal Management Policies, which include our Code of Conduct and human and 
labor rights. We do not tolerate discrimination against anyone based on any personal characteristic, 
such  as  ethnic  background,  culture,  religion,  age,  disability,  gender,  marital  status,  sexual 
orientation, union membership, political affiliation, health, disability, pregnancy, smoking habits, or 
any other characteristic protected by law. We provide equal opportunities to all employees. We 
promote equality and work to create an inclusive workforce. We want to foster a comfortable work 
environment where employees can raise issues. Any unacceptable behavior must be reported. 

Atlantica strictly prohibits forced labour, employees should undertake work voluntarily. Whether as 
indentured labour, bonded labour or any other form of involuntary labour, forced labour is not 
acceptable. Mental and physical coercion, slavery and human trafficking are prohibited. 

74 

 
 
 
All employees receive a remuneration package that meets or exceeds the legal minimum standards 
or appropriate prevailing industry standards.  

We have a Supplier Code of Conduct approved by the Board of Directors. Atlantica has a strong 
commitment to operate at the highest standards of corporate conduct. We seek to operate with 
third  parties  who  operate  under  principles  similar  to  those  set  out  in  our  Code  of  Conduct, 
accordingly, we have included our requirements in our contractual arrangements with suppliers.  

We  acknowledge  that  our  day-to-day  activities  affect  nearby  communities.  Our  assets  occupy 
extensive  areas  of  land  and  we  generate  waste,  but  we  also  facilitate  communities’  economic 
prosperity through local purchasing and the hiring of local employees. It is important that we are 
proactive and provide value to the communities in which we operate by collaborating with locals 
to promote their environmental, economic and social progress. We have implemented our human 
rights initiative into the  processes that govern our business activities  in the areas where we are 
present. 

In December 2021, our Board of Directors issued a new Human Rights Policy. The policy is available 
on our website (www.atlantica.com). 

Atlantica’s Code of Conduct 

Atlantica  is  committed  to  maintaining  the  highest  standards  of  honesty,  integrity  and  ethical 
conduct.  We are  also committed  to  promoting  ethical  business  practice and  complying with  all 
relevant laws and regulations. 

Our Code of Conduct requires the highest standards for honest and ethical conduct, explicitly states 
that we do not tolerate bribery or corruption in any of its forms and prohibits political involvement 
of any kind on the Company’s behalf. We intend the Code of Conduct to help everyone recognize 
ethics  and compliance  issues  before  they arise  and  to  deal  appropriately  with  those  issues  that 
occur.  

The Code applies to all directors, officers, and employees of Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc 
and  each of  its  subsidiaries,  including  controlled  and  associated  non-controlled  companies.  We 
make every effort to apply this Code at associate non-controlled companies given Atlantica ´s level 
of participation. We also seek to work or partner with third parties that adhere to principles that 
are similar to those set out in this Code. Our employees acknowledge and agree to the Code of 
Conduct annually. In addition, we organize training on our management policies, which includes 
our Code of Conduct. 

Our Board of Directors reviews and approves the Code of Conduct on an annual basis. It was last 
approved and amended in December 2021. All our employees acknowledge and agree to the Code 
of Conduct annually.  

75 

 
 
 
The Code of Conduct at a Glance 

Personal and Business Integrity 

Human and Labor Rights 

Corporate Asset and Financial Integrity 

- 
Conflicts of interest 
- 
Bribery and corruption 
- 
Travel, entertainment, and gifts 
- 
Insider trading 
- 
Privacy and personal data protection 
-  Dignity and respect. Equality and diversity 
- 
-  Occupational health and safety 
- 
Environmental sustainability 
- 
Accurate accounting and reporting 
- 
Anti-Money laundering and related offenses 
- 
Confidentiality and information security 
- 
Protection of Assets 

Labor standards 

Ethic Mailboxes 

- 

Channels of communication 

Breach of the Code of Conduct 

-  Managing suspected misconduct 

The Code is publicly available on our website (www.atlantica.com). 

Our Code requires the highest standards for honest and ethical conduct and explicitly states that 
we do not tolerate bribery and corruption in any of its forms. In 2020 and 2021 we did not identify, 
nor  did  we  receive,  any  notification  of  non-compliances  or  breaches  in  relation  to  the  Code  of 
Conduct.  

Sustainable Suppliers 

According to our Code, we seek to work with third parties who operate under principles that are 
similar to those set out in the Code of Conduct. We also have a Supplier Code of Conduct that we 
expect our suppliers to adhere to, which includes human rights and labor standard principles. We 
include our requirements in our contractual arrangements with suppliers. Understanding that some 
suppliers may face significant challenges in adhering to every aspect of the Code, from the outset 
of our business relationship, we pledge to work with those suppliers to help them comply.  

In addition to complying with applicable laws and regulations, we seek to efficiently manage the 
environmental  and  social  impact  of  our  operations,  implement  best  practices,  reduce  our 
environmental  footprint  over  time  and  comply  with  our  social  targets  and  impacts  in  the  local 
communities where we operate.  

Our  main  suppliers  are  large  operation  and  maintenance  corporations  with  robust  corporate 
policies regarding ethical standards and human rights. 

Atlantica has implemented a risk identification process to evaluate and approve the engagement 
of  suppliers.  This  process  comprises:  (1)  an  internal  and  external  supplier  due  diligence  process 
and, (2) an annual internal assessment aimed at monitoring our key suppliers’ activities. The internal 
due diligence process determines the eligibility of a potential new supplier based on our internal 
policies.  In  addition,  we  have  engaged  the  services  of  an  external  provider  to  evaluate  our  key 
suppliers  in  terms  of:  (i)  environment,  (ii)  fair  labour  and  human  rights,  (iii)  ethics,  and  (iv) 
sustainable  procurement.  We  conduct  the  annual  supplier  evaluation  assessment  internally  to 
monitor our key suppliers’ activities.  

In 2021 and 2020 we certified suppliers representing over 51% of the Company‘s annual expenses 
through an external supplier.  

76 

 
 
 
Additional information on our sustainable supply chain management is disclosed in our annual ESG 
Report. 

Anti-Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement 

In February 2021 our Board of Directors amended and approved our “U.K. Anti-Modern Slavery 
and Human Trafficking Statements” under the Modern Slavery Act, 2015. The statement, available 
on www.atlantica.com, outlines the steps taken by the Company to address the risk of slavery and 
human trafficking occurring within our operations and supply chains. 

Given  our  business,  we  believe  the  risk  of  modern  slavery  is  low.  Our  main  suppliers  are  large 
operation and maintenance corporations with robust corporate policies in place regarding ethical 
standards  and  human  rights.  We  also  engage  with  financial  institutions,  including  banks,  legal 
advisors, accountants, consultants, and insurers, who we believe operate under principles similar 
to those set out in our Code of Conduct. We consider the risk to be low based on the Atlantica risk 
identification  process  adopted  to  evaluate  and  approve  supplier  engagement.  This  process 
comprises  an  internal  and  external  supplier  homologation  process  and,  an  annual  internal 
assessment aimed at monitoring our key suppliers’ activities’. In addition, suppliers are requested 
to adhere to our Supplier Code of Conduct. Through this Code, Atlantica encourages conducting 
operations, while fully respecting human rights, in line with the Universal Declaration of Human 
Rights.  We will  continue  to  work  to  improve our  policies  and  procedures  to  ensure  slavery  and 
human trafficking do not take place anywhere in our supply chain.  

In particular, all new suppliers are subject to internal due diligence and required to confirm that 
their organization will comply with our Supplier Code of Conduct (available at www.atlantica.com), 
which includes expectations regarding sustainable development in the following areas: business 
integrity and ethical standards, human rights and labour standards, environmental sustainability, 
and  reporting  concerns  and  compliance  monitoring.  Through  our  Supplier  Code  of  Conduct, 
Atlantica  encourages  suppliers  to  conduct  their operations  fully  respecting  fundamental  human 
rights,  as  affirmed  by  the  Universal  Declaration  of  Human  Rights.  Atlantica  joined  the  UNGC 
initiative  in  January  2018  and  formally  adopted  the  Ten  Fundamental  Principles  in  the  fields  of 
human rights, labour, environment and anticorruption. The UNGC and its principles are an integral 
part of the strategy of Atlantica and our objective is to also make it part of our suppliers’ strategy. 
We have a responsibility to our stakeholders to be ethical and lawful in all our businesses. 

We  further  provide  our  employees,  shareholders  and  others  with  the  whistleblower  channel,  a 
specific channel of communication with management and the governing bodies that is a means to 
report any misconduct, instances of non-compliance with our compliance policy framework, and 
unethical or unlawful behaviour, including any suspected or actual form of modern slavery taking 
is  available  at 
place  within  the  business  or  supply  chain.  The  whistleblower  channel 
www.atlantica.com. 

Atlantica has zero tolerance for modern slavery and we confirm that no incidents of modern slavery 
were reported or identified during 2021 or 2020. 

We also provided training in 2021 and 2020 to members of senior management and to the rest of 
employees on our Code of Conduct and corporate policies, which included specific content related 
to human and labour rights, to promote the policy throughout our organization. 

77 

 
 
 
Finally, all our employees must annually read, understand, and commit to following our corporate 
governance policies. 

Section 172 Statement 

The Board is ultimately responsible for the long-term success of the Company. Our Directors are 
aware of their responsibility to promote the success of the Company in accordance with Section 
172 of the Companies Act 2006 and have acted in accordance with these responsibilities during 
the year.  

The Board’s Approach to Section 172 and Decision-Making 

The  Board  acknowledges  that  Atlantica’s  purpose  is  to  support  the  transition  towards  a  more 
sustainable  world  by  investing  in  and  managing  sustainable  infrastructure,  while  creating  long-
term  value  for  its  shareholders,  employees,  suppliers,  customers,  business  partners,  local 
communities and debt investors. As such, the Board has considered the interests of and the impact 
of its decisions on these stakeholders as part of its decision-making process. When making such 
decisions,  each  Director  has  acted  in  the  way  they  consider,  in  good  faith,  would  most  likely 
promote the success of the company for the benefit of its stakeholders. 

The board believes governance of the Company is best achieved by delegation of its authority for 
the executive management to the CEO, subject to a set of defined limits and monitoring by the 
board.  The  board  routinely  monitors  the  delegation  of  authority,  ensuring  that  it  is  regularly 
updated, while retaining ultimate responsibility. 

Stakeholder Identification and Engagement 

At Atlantica, we acknowledge that our stakeholders have a broad range of interests and viewpoints. 
We believe that collaboration with them is key to our success. As such, we listen and do our best 
to gain stakeholders’ trust, thus leading to a more stable and long-term relationship. Across the 
company, we engage with our stakeholders to obtain input that can be helpful as we execute our 
strategy. 

We  have  made  a  two-way  engagement  channel  available  for  our  stakeholders  to  build  trusting 
long-term relationships: 

Face-to-
face 
meetings, 
video or 
phone 
calls1 

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Key 
stakeholders 

Shareholders 

Employees 

Suppliers 

Customers 

Business 
Partners 
Local 
Communities 
Debt 
Investors 

ESG 
Report2 

Social 
Media1 

Materiality 
Assessment  
Survey2 

Press 
Releases1 

Website 
Content1 

Whistleblower 
Channel3 

Annual 
General 
Meeting 
(AGM)2 

Earnings 
Presentations4 

Roadshows4 

Intranet1 

Employee 
Climate 
Survey5 

Training1 

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(1) Regular or on an as-needed basis; (2) On an annual basis; (3) Always available; (4) On a quarterly basis; (5) At least every three years and intend to increase 
its frequency moving forward. 

78 

 
 
 
The Board ensures that stakeholder considerations are considered in strategic decision-making by 
requiring that strategic proposals include an analysis of key stakeholder impacts, which form part 
of the decision-making process. 

Our Employees 

Our people are fundamental for the long-term success of the Company. Atlantica, its Board and its 
management are committed to prioritizing and actively promoting health and safety. In addition, 
we  provide  a  work  environment  free  of  discrimination,  intimidation  and  harassment  where 
everyone can participate in the success of the business. We refer to sections Health and Safety, 
Business Ethics, Human Rights, and People Management.  

We perform an employee climate survey every three years to assess employees’ satisfaction and 
intend to increase the frequency of this survey. The goal is to receive feedback as well as to engage 
with  our  employees.  The  survey  is  confidential,  it  is  managed  by  a  third-party  and  results  are 
aggregated,  shared  and  discussed  with  supervisors.  The  last  climate  survey  was  performed  in 
October  2020,  participation  reached  approximately  80%  and  the  general  engagement  with  the 
Company was 77%, which is above the average for similar organizations. Atlantica received high 
scores in several sections, including our response to COVID-19, overall experience in the Company 
and  degree  of  satisfaction  with  immediate  manager/supervisor.  This  survey  also  helped  us  to 
identify certain areas with improvement potential. Management prepared action plans for those 
areas. The Board receives reports on the survey results together with action plans that management 
intend to implement going forward. 

We refer to the Employees, Diversity and Inclusion,  Business Ethics, Our People and Health and 
Safety sections for further employee-related details and initiatives. 

Key employee-related metrics followed by the Board include: 

Health and Safety 

Employee 

Percentage of Women  

General Frequency Index5 
Frequency with Leave Index6 
Near Misses Unsafe Acts and Unsafe Conditions 
Frequency Rate 
Voluntary Turnover by year-end 
Average Annual Training (in hours) 
At Management Level 
Over Total Number of Employees  

2021 
6.0 

2.3 

1,519 

10.4% 
80 
25% 
25% 

2020 
5.0 

1.4 

1,197 

7.5% 
33 
24% 
26% 

Note: Health and safety industry benchmarks provided in the Health and Safety section. 

Our Shareholders and Debt Investors 

The  support  and  engagement  of  our  shareholders,  potential  shareholders,  debt  investors  and 
capital markets is key for the future success of our business. Continued access to capital is of vital 
importance  to  the  long-term  success  of  our  business,  especially  considering  that  our  strategy 
includes distributing a high portion of the cash we generate as dividend and growing that dividend 
through acquisitions and investments.  

5 General Frequency Index (GFI) represents the total number of recordable accidents with and without leave (lost time injury) recorded in the last twelve 
months per 1,000,000 worked hours. 
6 Frequency with Leave Index (FWLI) represents the total number of recordable accidents with leave (lost time injury) recorded in the last twelve months 
per 1,000,000 worked hours. 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
We  strive  to  effectively  communicate  our  strategic  objectives  and  operating  and  financial 
performance through our engagement activities, including:  

-  Dialogue with shareholders, prospective shareholders and analysts, led by the Chief Executive 
Officer,  Chief  Financial  Officer  and  Head  of  Investor  Relations.  Our  Chair  and  Independent 
Directors are also available to meet institutional shareholders. 

-  Quarterly earnings presentations with Q&A. 

Major investor relations engagement activities carried out in 2021 include: 

-  139 meetings with existing and potential investors. 
-  Attendance at 24 investor conferences and roadshows. 

Investors can contact our Head of Investor Relations or access all public information on our website 
(www.atlantica.com). 

The Board periodically receives feedback on the views of our shareholders, including their main 
issues and concerns. The Board also reviews reports from sector analysts on the Company.  

The  Annual  General  Meeting  (“AGM”)  is  also  an  important  part  of  effective  engagement  and 
communication with shareholders. All shareholders have the opportunity to ask questions at our 
AGM  meetings.  The  Chairs  of  the  Audit,  Nominating  and  Corporate  Governance  and, 
Compensation Committees will be available to answer questions at that meeting. 

We also maintain a dialogue with the two proxy advisory agencies covering Atlantica to explain the 
main resolutions included in the notice to our AGM and answer any questions they may have.  

The Environment and Local Communities 

Our Board of Directors believes climate change can lead to significant risks and opportunities for 
the  Company  and  its  stakeholders.  Our  strategy  is  focused  on  climate  change  solutions  in  the 
power  and  water  sectors  and  we  therefore  see  sustainability  and  climate  change  as  a  growth 
opportunity for us. 

In  2021,  Atlantica  announced  an  ambitious  greenhouse  gas  (GHG)  objective  approved  by  the 
Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi). Atlantica targets to reduce Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions 
per  kWh  of  power  generated  by  70%  by  2035  from  a  2020  base  year7.  Targets  are  considered 
‘science-based’ if they are in line with the latest levels recommended by climate science to meet 
the goals set out in the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to “well-below 2ºC”. 

In addition, we have a goal to maintain over 80% of our adjusted EBITDA generated from low-
carbon footprint assets such as renewable energy, storage, transmission infrastructure and water 
assets. 

Our  Board  takes  into  consideration  these  targets  while  making  decisions,  including  capital 
allocation. Our Board also monitors the main impacts that our assets may have in the environment 
through water use and waste.  

Furthermore, we acknowledge that our day-to-day activities have impacts on nearby communities. 
We recognize that the communities where we operate are where some of our employees and other 
stakeholders live and raise their families, and where part of our future workforce is educated and 

7 The target boundary includes steam generation 

80 

 
 
 
 
trained. We foster communities’ economic prosperity through local purchasing and hiring of local 
employees. As such, it is key for us to be both proactive and a valued member of our communities. 
In  2021  we  updated  our  Community  Investment  and  Development  Policy  to  better  reflect  our 
commitment with local communities.  

We  also  recognize  that  some  communities  where  we  are  present  continue  to  suffer  the 
consequences of COVID-19. As such, in 2021 and 2020 we focused our efforts on mitigating COVID-
19 impacts. We will continue analysing initiatives to help our surrounding communities to minimize 
the impact of COVID-19. 

The key metrics followed by the Board are: 

At least 80% of adjusted EBITDA coming from 
low carbon footprint assets 

Scope 1 
Scope 2 
Scope 3 
Total 
Scope 1 and 2 GHG Emission 
Rate per Unit of Energy 
Generated 

Withdrawal 

Discharges 

Hazardous waste 
Non-hazardous waste 

GHG 
Emissions 

Water 
Management 
in Power 
Generation 
Waste 
Management 

Community Investment and Development 

2021 

88% 

2020 

87% 

1,795 thousand tons of CO2 
237 thousand tons of CO2 
800 thousand tons of CO2 
2,832 thousand tons of CO2 

1,737 thousand tons of CO2 
199 thousand tons of CO2 
821 thousand tons of CO2 
2,757 thousand tons of CO2 

191 tons of gCO2/kWh 

188 tons of gCO2/kWh 

1.63 m3 per MWh 

1.56 m3 per MWh 

0.22 m3 per MWh 

0.21 m3 per MWh 

2,649 tons of waste 
21,868 tons of waste 
Investments focused on 
mitigating COVID-19 pandemic 
consequences 

2,482 tons of waste 
20,532 tons of waste 
Investments focused on 
mitigating COVID-19 
pandemic consequences 

For further information we refer you to the “Greenhouse Gas Emissions”, “Water Management”, 
“Waste Management” and “Community Development and Involvement Initiatives” sections in this 
Strategic Report.  

Our Suppliers and Business Partners 

We have a Supplier Code of Conduct and we expect our suppliers to adhere to it. We include our 
requirements  in  our  contractual  arrangements  with  suppliers.  The  Board  reviews  our  Code  of 
Conduct and Supplier Code of Conduct on an ongoing basis, at least once per year. In addition, we 
have a Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement which sets out the steps taken to prevent 
modern slavery in our business and supply chains. 

In 2021 we continued the environmental certification of our suppliers through the two-step process 
described in the section “Sustainable Suppliers”. 

In addition, we have partners in some of our assets. In some cases, such as at Solacor 1 & 2, Solaben 
2 & 3, Seville PV, Kaxu, Skikda, Tenes and Chile PV 1 and 2, we have control over the asset. In other 
cases,  such  as  Honaine,  Monterrey  or  Vento  II,  we  do  not  manage  the  projects’  day-to-day 
operations.  As  an  example,  our  partner  in  Vento  II  is  EDP  Renewables  (EDPR),  a  company  with 
ethical standards similar to those set out in our Code. In any case, our geographic VPs maintain 
regular engagement and dialogue with our partners. To the extent possible, considering Atlantica’s 

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
ownership  interest,  we  try  to  introduce  our  Code  of  Conduct  and  business  ethics  practices  in 
affiliates where we do not have control. 

Among others, the key metrics followed by the Board are: 

Percentage of suppliers verified in terms of total costs 
Adherence to Atlantica’s Supplier Code of Conduct  

Our Customers 

2021 
>51% 
~100% 

2020 
>51% 
~100% 

Our assets have long-term contracts in place or regulated revenues. We have 13 clients including 
utilities,  corporations,  electric  systems  and  government  owned  electricity  and  transmission 
companies. 

Engagement with clients is achieved through dialogue led by geographic VPs, Country Managers 
and/or Asset Managers. This generally enables us to identify and react in advance to our customers’ 
needs. We listen and do our best to gain our customers’ trust, thus leading to a more stable and 
long-term relationship. 

Strategic Decisions  

In 2021, the main decisions relate to our strategy going forward and the investment in new assets. 

Investments and Acquisitions 

Our Board analyses and approves, if deemed appropriate, investment and acquisition opportunities 
proposed by our Investment Committee.  

In 2021, Atlantica closed the following investments approved by the Board: 

- 

- 

- 

- 

In  January  2021,  we  closed  our  second  investment  through  our  local  platform  with  the 
acquisition of Chile PV 2, a 40 MW PV plant. This asset started commercial operation in 2017 
and  its  revenue  is  partially  contracted.  Total  equity  investment  in  this  new  asset  was 
approximately $5 million. The platform intends to make further investments in renewable energy 
in Chile and sign PPAs with creditworthy off-takers. 
In January 2021, we closed the acquisition of a 42.5% equity interest in Rioglass, a supplier of 
spare parts and services in the solar industry, increasing our equity interest to 57.5%. In addition, 
on  July  22,  2021  we  exercised  the  option  to  acquire  the  remaining  42.5%  equity  interest  in 
Rioglass.  The  total  investment  made  in  2021  to  acquire  the  additional  85%  equity  interest, 
resulting  in  a  100%  ownership,  was  approximately  $17  million.  We  have  fully  consolidated 
Rioglass in our EMEA and Renewables segments. 
In April 2021, we closed the acquisition of Coso, a 135 MW renewable asset in California. Coso 
is  the  third  largest  geothermal  plant  in  the  United  States  and  provides  base  load  renewable 
energy to the California Independent System Operator (California ISO). It has PPAs signed with 
a  18-year  average  contract  life.  The  total  equity  investment  was  approximately  $130  million, 
which was paid in April 2021. In addition, on July 15, 2021, we paid an additional amount of $40 
million to reduce project debt.  
In May 2021, we closed the acquisition of Calgary District Heating, a district heating asset in 
Canada, for a total equity investment of approximately $23 million. The asset has availability-
based  revenue  with  inflation  indexation  and  20  years  of  weighted  average  contract  life. 
Contracted capacity and volume payments represent approximately 80% of the total revenue.  

82 

 
 
 
 
- 

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- 

- 

In June 2021, we closed the acquisition of a 49% interest in Vento II, a 596 MW wind portfolio 
in the U.S. for a total equity investment of $198 million. EDP Renewables owns the remaining 
51%.  
In August 2021, we closed the acquisition of Italy PV 1 and Italy PV 2, two solar PV plants in Italy 
with a combined capacity of 3.7 MW for a total equity investment of $9 million. Italy PV 1 and 
Italy PV 2 have regulated revenues under a feed in tariff until 2030 and 2031, respectively. 
In November 2021, we closed the acquisition of La Sierpe, a 20 MW solar asset in Colombia for 
a total equity investment of approximately $24 million. The asset was acquired under our ROFO 
agreement with Algonquin. 
In December 2021, we closed the acquisition of Italy PV 3, a 2.5 MW solar portfolio in Italy for a 
total  equity  investment  of  approximately  $4  million.  The  four  assets  in  the  portfolio  have 
regulated revenues under a feed in tariff until 2032. 

When approving these investments, the Board continued to promote a low-carbon energy industry 
and  a  business  model  based  on  sustainable  development.  The Board  considered  our  long-term 
growth plan, expected returns for each acquisition, impact on GHG emissions and environmental 
targets, synergies with existing assets, risks involved in each asset acquisition (operational, country 
and off-taker credit risk, etc.), potential impacts to communities and the environment. The Board 
also  considered  resources  available  to  finance  these  acquisitions  in  the  context  of  our  broader 
growth plan. While deciding on acquisitions and investments, the Board took into consideration 
the interest of all our stakeholders. 

Corporate Financing  

In  2021  the  Board  approved  the  Green  Senior  Notes  for  $400  million,  maturing  in  2028.  The 
proceeds were used to fully prepay the Note Issuance Facility 2019 and finance investments and 
acquisitions. 

In addition, in August 2021 we established an “at-the-market program” (ATM) under which we may 
offer and sell up to $150 million of our ordinary shares. During 2021 we issued and sold 1.6 million 
shares, representing net proceeds of $61.4 million.  

When approving these financings, the Board took into consideration our strategic growth plan, the 
Company’s  corporate  leverage  and  how  the  financing  decisions  affect  all  our  stakeholders.  The 
Board  also  considered  the  impact  of  their  decisions  on  shareholders  and  debt  investors  and 
concluded that the financing transactions would promote the long-term success of the Company. 

Dividends 

In  2021,  the  Board  decided  to  pay  total  dividends  of  $1.715  per  share  to  our  shareholders  in 
quarterly dividends, a 3.3% increase with respect to the previous year. Details of the dividend policy 
are included in Directors’ Report, where we explain our long-term approach to dividends. The Board 
decides the dividend on a quarterly basis. The Directors considered the performance of our assets, 
cash  available  for  distribution  generated  in  the  period,  available  liquidity  under  our  financing 
arrangements  and  investment  plans  of  the  Company.  The  Directors  also  considered  the  net 
corporate debt position of the Company. 

When analyzing these acquisitions, the Board considered our long-term growth plan, the current 
financial  structure  of  the  Company,  including  compliance  with  obligations  under  financing 
agreements and potential access to different financing sources, among other factors. The Board 

83 

 
 
 
took into consideration the interest of shareholders and debt investors. The Board deliberated on 
and concluded that the level of dividends approved would promote the long-term success of the 
Company.  

Going Concern Basis 

The  Group  has  prepared  the  consolidated  financial  statements  on  a  going  concern  basis.  The 
Directors have considered a number of factors in concluding  in their going concern assessment 
covering the period to March 31, 2023. The Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group 
and  Company  will  meet  its  commitments  as  they  fall  due  over  the  going  concern  period. 
Accordingly,  the  Directors  continue  to  adopt  the  going  concern  basis  in  preparing  the  Group’s 
consolidated  financial  statements  and  Company’s  standalone  financial  statements.  For  further 
information, please refer (Note 2.1) of the consolidated financial statements for the going concern 
basis.  

Approval 

This Strategic Report was approved by the Board of Directors on February 25, 2022 and signed on 
its behalf by Santiago Seage, Director and Chief Executive Officer. 

Director and Chief Executive Officer 

Santiago Seage 

February 25, 2022 

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report 

The  directors  are  pleased  to  present  their  Consolidated  Annual  Report  on  the  affairs  of  the 
Company and its subsidiaries, together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Auditor’s 
Report, for the year ending December 31, 2021.  

Strategic Report 

The Strategic Report was prepared in accordance with the Companies Act, 2006 which requires the 
Company to set out a fair review of our business during the financial year, including a financial 
analysis at year-end and the trends and factors likely to affect the future development, performance 
and position of the business. 

Review of Business and Future Developments 

The Strategic Report includes an indication of likely future developments in our business.  

Dividends 

We intend to distribute a significant portion of our cash available for distribution as dividends, after 
considering the cash available for distribution that we expect our assets will be able to generate, 
less reserves for the prudent conduct of our business (including reserves for, among other things, 
dividend shortfalls as a result of fluctuations in our cash flows), on an annual basis. We intend to 
distribute a quarterly dividend to shareholders. Our Board of Directors may, by resolution, amend 
the cash dividend policy at any time. We intend to grow our business via organic growth through 
the  optimization  of  the  existing  portfolio  and  expansion  of  our  current  assets  and  through 
investments in and acquisitions of new assets. We believe this will facilitate the growth of our cash 
available for distribution and enable us to increase our dividend per share over time. However, the 
determination of the amount of cash dividends to be paid to holders of our shares will be made by 
our Board of Directors and will depend upon our financial condition, results of operations, cash 
flow, long-term prospects and any other matters that our Board of Directors deem relevant. 

Our  cash  available  for  distribution  is  likely  to  fluctuate  from  quarter  to  quarter,  in  some  cases 
significantly, as a result of the seasonality of our assets, the terms of our financing arrangements 
and  maintenance  and  outage  schedules,  among  other  factors.  Accordingly,  during  quarters  in 
which our assets generate cash available for distribution in excess of the amount necessary for us 
to  pay  our  stated  quarterly  dividend,  we  may  reserve  a  portion  of  the  excess  to  fund  cash 
distributions  in  future  quarters.  During  quarters  in  which  we  do  not  generate  sufficient  cash 
available for distribution to fund our stated quarterly cash dividend, if our Board of Directors so 
determines, we may use retained cash flow from other quarters, and other sources of cash, to pay 
dividends to our shareholders. 

85 

 
 
 
Dividends paid in 2021 were: 

Declared 
Nov 9, 2021 
July 30, 2021 
May 4, 2021 
Feb 26, 2021 

Record 
Nov 30, 2021 
Aug 31, 2021 
May 31, 2021 
March 12, 2021 

Paid 
Dec 15, 2021 
Sep 15, 2021 
June 15, 2021 
March 22, 2021 
Total 

Amount (US$) 
0.435 
0.43 
0.43 
0.42 
1.715 

On  February  25,  2022,  our  Board  of  Directors  approved  a  dividend  of  $0.44  per  share  which  is 
expected to be paid on March 25, 2022 to shareholders on the record as of March 14, 2022. 

Risks Regarding Our Cash Dividend Policy 

There is no guarantee that we will pay quarterly cash dividends to our shareholders. We do not 
have a legal obligation to pay any dividend. While we currently intend to grow our business and 
increase our dividend per share over time, our cash dividend policy is subject to all the risks inherent 
in our business and may be changed at any time as a result of certain restrictions and uncertainties, 
including the following: 

-  The amount of our quarterly cash available for distribution could be impacted by restrictions 
on cash distributions contained in our project-level financing arrangements, which require that 
our project-level subsidiaries comply with certain financial tests and covenants in order to make 
such  cash  distributions.  Generally,  these  restrictions  limit  the  frequency  of  permitted  cash 
distributions  to  semi-annual  or  annual  payments,  and  prohibit  distributions  unless  specified 
debt  service  coverage  ratios,  historical  and/or  projected,  are  met.  When  forecasting  cash 
available for distribution and dividend payments we have aimed to take these restrictions into 
consideration, but we cannot guarantee future dividends. In addition, restrictions or delays on 
cash distributions could also happen if our project finance arrangements are under an event of 
default.  

-  Additionally, indebtedness we have incurred under the Green Senior Notes, the Note Issuance 
Facility  2020,  the  2020  Green  Private  Placement  and  the  Revolving  Credit  Facility  contain, 
among other covenants, certain financial incurrence and maintenance covenants, as applicable.  

-  We and our Board of Directors have the authority to establish cash reserves for the prudent 
conduct  of  our  business  and  for  future  cash  dividends  to  our  shareholders,  and  the 
establishment of or increase in those reserves could result in a reduction in cash dividends from 
levels we currently anticipate pursuant to our stated cash dividend policy. These reserves may 
account  for  the  fact  that  our  project-level  cash  flows  may  vary  from  year  to  year  based  on, 
among other things, changes in  the operating performance of our assets, operational costs, 
capital expenditures required in the assets, collections from our off-takers, compliance with the 
terms  of  project  debt  including  debt  repayment  schedules  and  cash  reserve  accounts 
requirements, compliance with the terms of corporate debt, compliance with all the applicable 
laws and regulations and working capital requirements. Our Board of Directors may increase 
the reserves to account for the seasonality that has historically existed in our assets’ cash flows 
and the variances in the pattern and frequency of distributions to us from our assets during the 
year.  

-  We may lack sufficient cash to pay dividends to our shareholders due to cash flow shortfalls 
attributable to a number of operational, commercial or other factors, including low availability, 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
low  production,  unexpected  operating  interruptions,  legal  liabilities,  costs  associated  with 
governmental  regulation,  changes  in  governmental  subsidies,  delays  in  collections  from  our 
off-takers,  changes  in  regulation,  as  well  as  increases  in  our  operating  and/or  general  and 
administrative  expenses,  principal  and  interest  payments  on  our  and  our  subsidiaries’ 
outstanding debt, income tax expenses, failure of Abengoa to comply with its obligations under 
the agreements in place, working capital requirements or anticipated cash needs at our project-
level subsidiaries. 

-  We may pay cash to our shareholders via capital reduction in lieu of dividends in some years. 

-  Our project companies’ cash distributions to us (in the form of dividends or other forms of cash 
distributions such as shareholder loan repayments) and, as a result, our ability to pay or grow 
our  dividends,  are  dependent  upon  the  performance  of  our  subsidiaries  and  their  ability  to 
distribute cash to us. The ability of our project-level subsidiaries to make cash distributions to 
us may be restricted by, among other things, the provisions of existing and future indebtedness, 
applicable corporation laws and other laws and regulations. 

-  Our Board of Directors may, by resolution, amend the cash dividend policy at any time. Our 
Board  of  Directors  may  elect  to  change  the  amount  of  dividends,  suspend  any  dividend  or 
decide to pay no dividends even if there is ample cash available for distribution. 

Our Ability to Grow our Business and Dividend 

We  intend  to  grow  our  business  via  organic  growth  through  the  optimization  of  the  existing 
portfolio, repowering, hybridization with other technologies, and expansion of our current assets 
and  through  investments  in  and  acquisitions  of  new  assets,  which,  we  believe  will  facilitate  the 
growth of our cash available for distribution and enable us to increase our dividend per share over 
time.  Our  policy  is  to  distribute  a  significant  portion  of  our  cash  available  for  distribution  as  a 
dividend.  However,  the  final  determination  of  the  amount  of  cash  dividends  to  be  paid  to  our 
shareholders will be made by our Board of Directors and will depend upon our financial condition, 
results  of  operations,  cash  flow,  long-term  prospects  and  any  other  matters  that  our  Board  of 
Directors deems relevant. 

We  expect  we  will  rely  primarily  upon  external  financing  sources,  including  commercial  bank 
borrowings  and  issuances  of  debt  and  equity  securities,  to  fund  any  future  growth  capital 
expenditures. To the extent we are unable to finance growth externally, our cash dividend policy 
could  significantly  impair  our  ability  to  grow  because  we  do  not  currently  intend  to  reserve  a 
substantial amount of cash generated from operations to fund growth opportunities. If external 
financing is not available to us on acceptable terms, our Board of Directors may decide to finance 
investments with cash from operations, which would reduce or impair our ability to pay dividends 
to our shareholders. To the extent we issue additional shares to fund our business, our growth or 
for any other reason, the payment of dividends on those additional shares may increase the risk 
that  we  will  be  unable  to  maintain  or  increase  our  per  share  dividend  level.  Additionally,  the 
incurrence of additional commercial bank borrowings or other debt to finance our growth would 
result in increased interest expense, which in turn may impact our cash available for distribution 
and, in turn, our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. 

Capital Structure 

Details of the share capital, together with details of the movements in the Company's issued share 
capital  during  the  year  are  shown  in  note  13  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  The 

87 

 
 
 
Company has one class of ordinary shares which are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market 
under  the  symbol  “AY.”  Our  shares  carry  no  right  to  fixed  income  and  each  share  provides  the 
owner the right to one vote at general meetings of the Company. 

When Algonquin acquired a 25% stake in our equity, Atlantica signed a Shareholders Agreement 
with Algonquin, which set forth that, if and to the extent provided in our articles of association, 
Algonquin  had  the  right  to  appoint  to  our  board  the  maximum  number  of  directors  that 
corresponds to Algonquin’s holding of voting rights as per articles of association but in no event 
more than (i) such number of directors as corresponds to 41.5% of our voting securities; and (ii) 
50% of our board less one, and if the resulting number is not a whole number, it shall be rounded 
up to the next whole number. In 2019, Algonquin completed the purchase of 3,384,402 ordinary 
shares and increased its equity interest in Atlantica to 44.2%. 

On  December  11,  2020  Atlantica  closed  an  underwritten  public  offering  of  5,069,200  ordinary 
shares (including those sold pursuant to the underwriters’ over-allotment option) at a price of $33 
per  new  share.  Algonquin  Power  &  Utilities  Corp.  purchased  4,020,860  ordinary  shares  of  the 
Company in a private placement, which closed on January 7, 2021, which represents the pro-rata 
number of shares required to maintain their previous equity ownership in the Company. As a result, 
as  of  January  7,  2021  Algonquin  was  the  beneficial  owner  of  48,962,925  ordinary  shares, 
representing 44.2% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares. 

On August 3, 2021, we established an “at-the-market program” and entered into the Distribution 
Agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as sales agent, under which we may offer and sell from 
time to time up to $150 million of our ordinary shares, including in “at-the-market” offerings under 
our universal shelf registration statement on Form F-3 and a prospectus supplement that we filed 
on  August  3,  2021. On  the  same  date  we  entered  into  the  ATM  Plan  Letter  Agreement  with 
Algonquin,  pursuant  to  which  we  will  offer  Algonquin  the  right  but  not  the  obligation,  on  a 
quarterly  basis,  to  purchase  a  number  of  ordinary  shares  to  maintain  its  percentage  interest  in 
Atlantica. During the third and fourth quarters, we have issued 1.6 million shares under the program 
at  an  average  market  price  of  $38.43  per  share  pursuant  to  our  Distribution  Agreement, 
representing gross proceeds of $62 million and net proceeds of $61.4 million. Pursuant to the ATM 
Plan Letter Agreement, we deliver a notice to Algonquin quarterly in order for them to exercise 
their rights thereunder.  

As of December 31, 2021, Algonquin owned 48,962,925 ordinary shares, representing a 43.6% of 
the issued and outstanding ordinary shares. 

In  addition,  as  of  December  31,  2021,  there  was  no  treasury  stock  and  there  have  been  no 
transactions with treasury stock during the period then ended. 

With  regard  to  the  appointment  and  replacement  of  directors,  the Company  is  governed  by  its 
Articles of Association, the SEC listing rules, the U.K. Companies Act 2006 and related legislation. 
The Articles of Association may be amended by special resolution of the shareholders.  

88 

 
 
 
Substantial Shareholdings 

Name 

5% Beneficial Owners 
Algonquin (AY Holdco) B.V.” (1) 
Morgan Stanley (2) 

Ordinary Shares 
Beneficially Owned 

Percentage 

48,962,925 
5,677,200 

43.6% 
5.1% 

Notes:  
(1) This information is based solely on the Schedule 13D filed on August 4, 2021 by Algonquin Power & Utilities 
Corp.,  a  corporation  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  Canada.  The  direct  beneficial  owner  of  the 
shares is Algonquin (AY Holdco) B.V.  

(2) This information is based solely on the Schedule 13G filed on February 10, 2022 by Morgan Stanley, corporation 

incorporated under the laws of Delaware. The registered address of Morgan Stanley is 1585 Broadway New 

York, NY 10036. 

To the best of our knowledge and based on public information, the rest of our shareholders are 
mainly United States-based institutional investors. 

Change of Control 

If any investor acquires over 50.0% of our shares or if our ordinary shares cease to be listed on the 
NASDAQ or similar stock exchange, we may be required to refinance all or part of our corporate 
debt or obtain waivers from the related noteholders or lenders, as applicable, due to the fact that 
all  of  our  corporate  financing  agreements  contain  customary  change  of  control  provisions  and 
delisting restrictions. If we fail to obtain such waivers and the related noteholders or lenders, as 
applicable, elect to accelerate the relevant corporate debt, we may not be able to repay or refinance 
such debt (on favourable terms or at all), which may have a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Additionally, in the event of a change of 
control we could see an increase in the yearly state property tax payment in Mojave, which would 
be reassessed by the tax authority at the time the change of control potentially occurred. Our best 
estimate with current information available and subject to further analysis is that we could have an 
incremental annual  payment  of  property  tax  of approximately  $10 million  to  $12  million, which 
could  potentially  decrease  progressively  over  time  as  the  asset  depreciates.  Additionally,  an 
ownership  change  under  section  382  could  be  triggered  and  could  have  a  significant  negative 
impact on our tax positions in the U.S. 

Furthermore, in order to protect the Company's know-how and to ensure continuity in terms of 
attainment  of  business objectives,  the  policy  approved  by  our  shareholders  at  the  2017  Annual 
General Meeting, introduced certain termination payments to key executives, including the Chief 
Executive Officer in the case of a change of control. This is addressed in the Policy on Payments for 
Loss of Office section of this report. 

A change of control means that a third party or coordinated parties: (i) acquire directly or indirectly 
by any means a number of shares in the Company which (together with the shares that such party 
may already hold in the Company) amount to more than 50% of the share capital of the Company 
or, (ii) appoint or have the right to appoint at least half of the members of the Board of Directors 
of the Company. 

In addition, if there is a change in control, all awards under long-term incentives shall vest in full 
on the date of the change in control. 

89 

 
 
 
 
 
Directors 

Our board is comprised of eight directors.  

All the directors meet the U.S. securities or NASDAQ’s qualifications from independence except our 
CEO. Atlantica's Board has determined that Mr. Banskota and Mr. Trisic are not independent based 
on their employment relationship with Algonquin, which is currently Atlantica’s largest shareholder 
with a 43.6% ownership. The Board has also determined that the rest of the non-executive directors, 
Mr. Aziz, Ms. Del Favero, Ms. Eprile, Mr. Forsayeth and Mr. Woollcombe are independent. 

Name, Primary Occupation 

Independent 

Other Public 
Company Boards 

A  N&CG 

C 

RPT 

Committee 
Memberships(*) 

William Aziz 
President and Chief Executive Officer of 
BlueTree Advisors Inc. 
Arun Banskota 
President and Chief Executive Officer of 
Algonquin 
Debora Del Favero 
Co-Founder of CMC Capital Limited 
Brenda Eprile 
Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of 
Westport Fuel Systems Inc. 
Michael Forsayeth  
Former Chief Executive Officer and Director of 
Granite Real Estate Investment Trust 
Santiago Seage 
Chief Executive Officer of the Company 
George Trisic 
Chief Governance Officer and Corporate 
Secretary of Algonquin 
Michael Woollcombe 
Partner of Voorheis & Co. LLP and Executive 
Vice-President of VC & Co. Inc. 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

No 

Yes 

1 

1 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

✓ 

✓ 

★

✓ 

★

★

✓ 

✓ 

✓ 

★

(*)  A = Audit Committee; N&CG = Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee C = Compensation Committee;  

RPT = Related Parties Transactions Committee 

 Chair ✓ Member 

★

The Board is committed to promoting the success of the Company. The Board is responsible to 
shareholders for its performance and for the strategy and management of the Company, its values, 
its governance, and its business.  

Directors are obliged, among other duties, to act in the way they consider, in good faith, would be 
most likely to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its members as a whole. All 
directors  are  expected  to  spend  the  time  and  effort  necessary  to  properly  discharge  their 
responsibilities. 

The main objectives of the Board may be summarized as follows: 

-  Providing entrepreneurial leadership; 
-  Setting strategy; 
-  Ensuring the human and financial resources are available to achieve objectives; 

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-  Reviewing management performance; 
-  Setting the company’s values and standards; and 
-  Ensuring that obligations to shareholders and other stakeholders are understood and met. 

Under  English  law,  the  Board  of  Directors  is  responsible  for  management,  administration  and 
representation of all matters concerning the relevant business, subject to the provisions of relevant 
constitutional documents, applicable laws and regulations, and resolutions duly adopted at general 
shareholders’ meetings.  

In addition, the Board of Directors is entitled to delegate its powers to an executive committee or 
other delegated committee or to one or more persons, unless the shareholders, through a meeting, 
have  specifically  delegated  certain  powers  to  the  Board  and  have  not  approved  the  Board  of 
Director’s delegation to others. 

The Board has established four Board Committees: 

-  Audit  Committee,  with responsibilities  including  monitoring  the  integrity  of  the company’s 
financial  statements,  reviewing  internal  control  and  risk  management  system,  as  well  as  the 
Company’s relationship with external auditors; 

-  Compensation Committee, mainly responsible for setting the remuneration for directors and 

recommending and monitoring remuneration for senior management; 

-  Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, responsible for leading the process for 

board appointments; and 

-  Related Party  Transactions  Committee,  responsible  for  identifying and evaluating  existing 

relationships between counterparties and transactions with related parties. 

The Board has delegated certain responsibilities to these committees. Membership, roles, duties 
and  authority  of  these  committees  are  described  in  their  Terms  of  Reference,  available  in  the 
website of the Company (www.atlantica.com). Terms of Reference are reviewed and updated by 
the Board on a yearly basis.  

The directors, who served throughout 2021, and to the date of this report, were as follows: 

91 

 
 
 
 
Name 

Role 

Term 

William Aziz 

Director, Independent 

Appointed on May 5, 2020. 

Arun Banskota 

Director 

Appointed on April 28, 2020. 

Debora Del Favero 

Director, Independent 

Appointed on May 5, 2020. 

Brenda Eprile 

Director, Independent 

Appointed on May 5, 2020. 

Michael Forsayeth 

Director, Independent 

Appointed on May 5, 2020. 

Santiago Seage 

Director and Chief 
Executive Officer 

Appointed on December 17, 2013, resigned March 9, 
2018, re-appointed on December 19, 2018 and elected 
on June 20, 2019. 

George Trisic 

Director 

Appointed on October 9, 2020. 

Michael Woollcombe  Director, Independent 
and Chair of the Board 

Appointed on May 5, 2020. 

There are no family relationships among any of our executive officers or directors. There are no 
potential conflicts of interest between the private interests or other duties of the members of the 
Board of Directors listed above and their duties to Atlantica, except in the case of Mr. Arun Banskota 
and Mr. George Trisic who serve as President and Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Governance 
Officer respectively, at Algonquin.  

Detailed biographical information on Atlantica’s Board of Directors is available on our website. In 
2020,  Directors’  appointments  resulted  in  a  balanced  Board  structure  in  terms  of  diverse 
professional and industry backgrounds (i.e., financial, legal and regulatory, governance, diversity 
and social responsibility, energy sector, etc.), gender and geographical experience (i.e., experience 
in international business environments). The Directors’ appointment enhanced making good use 
of complementary views, insights and opinions to assess problems from a broader point of view, 
and making it more likely that the Board will take into account the best interests of all stakeholders.  

Board member profiles:  

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Independent (in accordance 
with the Board of Directors’ 
determination8) 
CEO/Senior Executive: 
CEO or senior executive 
experience with a large publicly 
traded organization 
Governance/ Other 
Directorships: 
Director of public company 
and/or significant governance 
role 
Stakeholder: 
Experience in managing 
stakeholders or represents 
stakeholder group 
Energy Sector: 
Senior  executive  experience  in 
the energy sector 
Mergers & Acquisitions 
/Growth Strategy:  
Senior executive experience 
with mergers, acquisitions 
and/or business growth 
strategy  
Compensation and Human 
Resources: 
Understanding and experience 
with human resources issues 
and compensation policies 
Financial: 
Senior financial executive 
experience / Corporate or 
project finance/ Capital 
allocation 
Legal and Regulatory: 
Legal and regulatory experience 
International: 
Experience in international 
business environments 
Enterprise Risk Management: 

Health and Safety, Climate 
Change, Environment 
Governance, Diversity and 
Social Responsibility 

97 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Membership and Attendance 

The table below outlines membership and attendance to our board during 2021. 

Director 

Membership 

From 

To 

n/a 

William Aziz 

May 2020 

Director, Independent 

Role 

Attendance / 
Eligible to attend (1) 

Arun Banskota 

April 2020 

n/a 

Director 

Debora Del Favero 

May 2020 

n/a 

Director, Independent 

Brenda Eprile 

May 2020 

n/a 

Director, Independent 

Michael Forsayeth 

May 2020 

n/a 

Director, Independent 

Santiago Seage 

Dec' 2018 

n/a 

Director and Chief 
Executive Officer 

George Trisic 

Oct’ 2020 

n/a 

Director 

Michael Woollcombe 

May 2020 

n/a 

Director, Independent 
and Chair of the Board 

(1)  Does not include matters approved by Director’s Written Resolution. 

Senior management attend meetings by invitation of the Board. 

2021 Key Activities 

11/11 

11/11 

11/11 

11/11 

11/11 

11/11 

11/11 

11/11 

In 2021, the Board of Directors held 11 meetings and adopted four written resolutions.  

Major areas of focus of the Board during 2021 have been as follows: 

-  Review of health and safety issues; 
-  Review the action plan to continue improving in ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance); 
-  Review and approval of the strategy of the Company: growth plan, key priorities and risks; 
-  Review of assets’ performance and main technical issues; 
-  Approval and review of the budget of the Company; 
-  Review and approval of quarterly and annual accounts; 
-  Approval of significant transactions (acquisitions, partnerships, etc.); 
-  Review of capital markets updates; and 
-  Approval of dividends. 

Directors’ Indemnities 

The Company has made qualifying third-party indemnity provisions for the benefit of its directors 
which were made during the year and are in force at the date of this report. 

8 Atlantica's Board has determined that Mr. Banskota and Mr. Trisic are not independent based on their employment relationship with 
Algonquin, which is currently Atlantica’s largest shareholder with a 43.5% ownership. The Board has also determined that the rest of 
the non-executive directors, Mr. Aziz, Ms. Del Favero, Ms. Eprile, Mr. Forsayeth and Mr. Woollcombe are independent. 

98 

 
 
 
 
Financial Instruments 

Information  about  the  use  of  financial  instruments  by  the  Company  is  given  in  note  8  to  the 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  In  addition,  a  detailed  analysis  of  risk,  including  liquidity, 
interest  rate,  foreign  exchange  and  credit  risks  is  provided  in  sections  “Principal  risks  and 
uncertainties” and “Financial Risk Management” of our Strategic report. 

Environmental Reporting 

Environmental information such as our (i) GHG emissions and, (ii) quantity of energy consumed 
from activities for which the company is responsible for and from the purchase of electricity, heat, 
steam or cooling by the company for its own use is disclosed in the Strategic Report. 

Employees 

Information on Atlantica’s employees and its policies can be found in the Strategic Report. 

Anti-Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement 

Atlantica has published its anti-slavery and human trafficking statement in accordance with the 
Modern Slavery Act, 2015, which can be found on www.atlantica.com. Additional information is 
provided in the Strategic Report. 

Political Contributions 

It  is  the Company’s policy  that  neither  the  Company nor any  of  its subsidiaries  may,  under any 
circumstances,  make  donations  or  contributions  to  political  organisations,  political  campaigns, 
lobbyists or lobbying organizations nor other tax-exempt groups. Thus, no political donations or 
contributions were made during 2021 nor 2020. 

Research and Development 

Our business model relies on using proven third-party technologies at our assets and we therefore 
do not plan to invest significant amounts on R&D. Nevertheless, considering that delivering solid 
operational performance is key for us, we do work on certain innovative technologies that can help 
us to better manage our assets and maximize their value. As a result, we have reinforced our internal 
teams responsible for big data and artificial intelligence capabilities in order to improve our real-
time predictive maintenance.  

Corporate Governance Statement 

Atlantica, as a non-premium listed company, is not required to implement the provisions of the UK 
Corporate  Governance  Code  (the  “Code”)  and  has  chosen  to  follow  the  requirements  of  the 
NASDAQ Listing Rules in terms of corporate governance.  

Our Board is responsible collectively for providing leadership within a framework of appropriate 
and effective controls that enable us to assess the risk and then manage it promoting the success 
of the Company. The Board is also responsible for the effective oversight of the Company’s strategy 
and  performance,  financial  reporting,  internal  control  and  risk  management  framework,  and 
corporate governance processes. It is also ultimately accountable to shareholders for the long-term 
performance of the Company and the delivery of sustainable shareholder and stakeholder value. 

99 

 
 
 
The Board has put in place a clear and robust corporate governance framework in order to facilitate 
the oversight role that it provides in these areas. This includes a schedule of matters reserved for 
the approval of the Board, such as the approval of acquisitions, the Company strategy and budgets, 
major capital expenditure, the Company’s financial statements and its dividend policy. With the aim 
of allowing the Board appropriate time to focus on these key matters within the constraints of its 
annual  program,  a  number  of  its  other  responsibilities  have  been  delegated  to  four  principal 
committees. Such responsibilities are set out within the Terms of Reference for each Committee, 
which can be found on our website at www.atlantica.com. 

Auditors 

Each person who is a director at the date of approval of this Consolidated Annual Report confirms 
that: 

-  So far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's 

auditor is unaware; and 

-  The director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a director in order to make 
himself/herself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the  Company's 
auditor is aware of that information. 

This confirmation is given and should be interpreted in accordance with the provisions of Section 
418 of the U.K. Companies Act 2006.  

Ernst  &  Young  S.L.  and  Ernst  &  Young  LLP  are  our  auditors  providing  the  audit  services  to  the 
Company during 2021. Ernst & Young S.L. and other member firms of EY were appointed as external 
auditor of the Group in February 2019 for the period 2019 – 2022.  

The company will request at the Annual General Meeting to be held in May 2022 to approve the 
re-appointment  of  Ernst  &  Young  LLP  and  Ernst  &  Young  S.L.  as  the  Company’s  auditors  until 
December 31, 2023. 

Events After the Balance Sheet Date 

Details  of  significant  events  since  the  balance  sheet  date  are  contained  in  note  25  to  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

On  February  25,  2022,  our  Board  of  Directors  approved  a  dividend  of  $0.44  per  share  which  is 
expected to be paid on or about March 25, 2022 to shareholders of record on March 14, 2022. 

This report was approved by the Board of Directors on February 25, 2022 and signed on its behalf 
by Santiago Seage, Director and Chief Executive Officer. 

Director and Chief Executive Officer  

Santiago Seage 

February 25, 2022 

100 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Audit Committee Report 

Chair’s Introduction 

I  am  pleased  to  introduce  this  report  on  the  audit  committee’s  activities  during  the  year.  The 
committee has continued to assist the board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities by monitoring 
the  integrity  of  the  company’s  financial  reporting  and  risk  management  systems,  and  as 
appropriate, challenging management and the external auditors on key issues including accounting 
judgements and control issues.  

In addition to the normal committee agenda for the year, we have focused on the extent to which 
the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the company’s financial performance, its financial 
control environment and resilience, and the external auditor’s ability to fulfil their responsibilities 
to Atlantica. 

Brenda Eprile 

Committee Chair 

Committee Overview 

Role of the Committee 

The  committee  monitors  the  effectiveness  of  Atlantica’s  financial  reporting,  systems  of  internal 
control and risk management, as well as the integrity of the Company’s external and internal audit 
processes. 

Key Responsibilities during 2021 

-  Monitoring  and  obtaining  assurance  that  the  processes  to  identify,  manage,  and  mitigate 
significant and emerging financial risks are appropriately addressed by senior management and 
that the system of internal control is designed and implemented effectively in accordance with 
board authorized limits. 

-  Overseeing  the  appointment,  remuneration,  independence  and  performance  of  the  external 
auditor and the integrity of the audit process overall, including the engagement of the external 
auditor to provide non-audit services to Atlantica. 

-  Reviewing the effectiveness of the internal audit function, Atlantica’s internal financial controls 

and systems of internal control and risk management. 

-  Reviewing  financial  statements  and  other  financial  disclosures  for  clarity  and  monitoring 
compliance  with  relevant  legal  and  listing  requirements,  and  applicable  financial  reporting 
standards. 

-  Reviewing the systems in place to enable those who work for Atlantica to raise concerns about 
possible  improprieties  in  financial  reporting  or  other  issues  and  for  those  matters  to  be 
investigated. 

Meetings and attendance 

There were 4 committee meetings in 2021 and one educational session on taxes with the Chief 
Financial Officer and Head of Taxation. All members attended each meeting. Regular attendees at 
the  meetings  from  management  include  the  Chief  Financial  Officer,  Head  of  Accounting  and 

101 

 
 
 
 
Consolidation Department, Head of Investor Relations, Head of Internal Audit, Corporate Secretary, 
and the external auditor. 

Director 

Brenda Eprile 

William Aziz 
Michael Forsayeth 

Membership 

From 

May 2020 

May 2020 
May 2020 

To 

n/a 

n/a 
n/a 

Role 

Attendance / 
Eligible to 
Attend (1) 

Director, Independent and Chair of the Audit 
Committee. Financial Expert 
Director, Independent. Financial Expert 
Director, Independent. Financial Expert 

4/4 

4/4 
4/4 

The Directors who serve on the committee have the necessary qualifications and bring a wide range 
and  depth  of  financial  experience  across  various  industries.  The  board  is  satisfied  that  all  three 
members meet the requirements to qualify as “audit committee financial experts” under applicable 
SEC rules. The collective knowledge, skills, experience and objectivity of the committee members 
enables the committee to work effectively and to have robust discussions with management on 
significant issues. 

2021 Key Activities 

Reviewing Financial Disclosure 

During  the  year,  the  committee  reviewed  the  quarterly  and  annual  financial  statements  with 
management, focusing on the: 

•  Integrity of the Company’s financial reporting process. 
•  Clarity of the disclosure.  
•  Compliance  with  relevant  legal  and  listing  requirements,  and  applicable  financial  reporting 

standards. 

•  Application of accounting policies and judgements.  

In its review of financial reporting, the committee received regular updates from management and 
the external auditor in relation to accounting judgements and estimates, including those related to 
asset impairment/recoverability. 

In considering Atlantica’s 2021 UK Annual Report and Form 20-F, the committee assessed whether 
the reports were fair, balanced and understandable and whether they provided shareholders with 
the  information  necessary  to  assess  Atlantica’s  position  and  performance.  In  making  this 
assessment, the committee examined disclosures during the year, discussed the requirements with 
senior management, confirmed that representations to the external auditors had been evidenced 
and reviewed reports relating to internal control over financial reporting. The committee made a 
recommendation to the board, who in turn reviewed these reports, confirmed the assessment and 
approved the reports’ publication.  

Accounting Judgements and Estimates 

The committee was briefed on a quarterly basis on the company’s key accounting judgements and 
estimates. The primary areas of judgement and estimation considered by the committee are laid 
out below. These areas were discussed with management and the external auditor throughout the 
year and during the review of the financial statements. The committee is satisfied that the financial 

102 

 
 
 
statements appropriately address the key accounting judgements and estimates in the reported 
amounts and related disclosures. 

Particular attention was paid  to  the following  significant  judgements  and  estimates  in  the 2021 
financial reporting: 

1.  Recoverability of contracted concessional assets. 

2.  Credit  risk  assessment  of  certain  off  takers  /  customers  and  potential  expected  losses  on 

receivables. 

3.  Significant  one-off  transactions,  including  acquisitions,  partnerships  and  other  significant 

agreements. 

4.  Recoverability of tax assets. 

5.  Operations and maintenance risk in specific geographies. 
6.  Controls for identifying and evaluating potential impairment indicators or triggering events. 
7. 

Impact of regulatory developments in particular jurisdictions. 

Policies 

At  our  third  quarter  meeting  we  reviewed  and  discussed  the  Disclosure  Policy  developed  by 
management.  This  policy  supports  Atlantica’s  commitment  to  providing  timely,  accurate  and 
balanced disclosure to the public of all material information. The audit committee endorsed the 
policy and recommended it for approval to the Board. We also approved an amendment to the 
policy  for  approving  non-audit  services  provided  by  the  external  auditor  which  further  restricts 
accumulated fees for non-audit services to less than 50% of the audit services fees in any given 
year.  

Non-Financial Reporting 

The  principal  risks  allocated  to  the  audit  committee  for  monitoring  in  2021  included  those 
associated with:  

•  Counterparty risk. 

•  Compliance with policies and regulation. 
•  Financial liquidity. 
•  Tax risk. 

We discussed management’s ongoing approach to these risk areas during our quarterly committee 
meetings. We held a separate education session during the year with senior finance management 
on the topic of taxes and tax risk. 

In  addition,  during  the  year,  the  committee  reviewed  the  2020  Environmental,  Social  and 
Governance (ESG) report, focusing on the clarity and consistency of the disclosure, prior to board 
approval. 

103 

 
 
 
Committee's Time and Responsabilities

Internal Audit, Internal 
Control and Risk 
Management 

30%

Financial Reporting 

35%

External Audit 

25%

10%

Non-financial Reporting 

The committee performed an annual self-assessment in 2021. We discussed the findings and 
areas for improvement. Climate risk was an area identified as increasing in importance. 

External Audit 

➢  Assessing Audit Risk 

The  external  auditor  prepared  an  audit  plan  for  2021  which  identified  key  audit  risks  to  be 
addressed during the audit including:  

Improper revenue recognition. 

-  Management override of controls related to relevant management estimates. 
- 
-  Effect of Covid-19 on the company’s internal controls and financial reporting processes. 
-  Credit risk of certain significant power off-takers / customers. 
-  Recoverability assessment of contractual concessional assets. 
-  Risks related to material acquisitions / transactions. 
-  Significant unusual transactions. 
-  Financial covenants – risk of incorrect classification of current assets and liabilities. 

The committee received updates during the year on the audit process, including how the external 
auditor challenged management’s assumptions on key issues. 

➢  Assessing Audit Fees 

The  audit  committee  reviews  the  fee  structure,  resourcing  and  terms  of  engagement  for  the 
external auditor annually. In addition, we review the non-audit services that the auditor provides 
on a quarterly basis.  

Fees paid to the auditor for the year were $2.9 million (2020 $2.4 million), of which 22% was for 
non-audit and other services (see financial statements – Note 23). The audit committee is satisfied 
that this level of fee is appropriate in respect of the audit services provided and that an effective 
audit can be conducted for this fee. Non-audit or non-audit related assurance fees were $0.6 million 

104 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(2020  $0.5  million).  Non-audit  or  non-audit  related  services  consisted  of  tax  compliance  in  US 
subsidiaries and transfer pricing services. 

➢  Assessing Audit Effectiveness 

Management undertook a survey which compromised questions in the following areas: 

-  Communication and availability 

-  Technical knowledge 
-  Quality of the service 
-  Deadline achievements 
-  Added value 
-  Objectivity  

The  results  of  the  survey  indicated  that  most  geographic  regions  were  satisfied  with  the 
performance of the external auditors. There were some areas for improvement, however none of 
them impacted the effectiveness of the audit. The results of the survey were discussed with EY for 
consideration in their 2021 audit approach. EY’s proposed action plan to address these areas for 
improvement  was  reviewed  with  the  committee.  Progress  on  addressing  these  matters  was 
discussed with management at the quarterly audit committee meetings. 

The committee also held in camera meetings with the external auditors during the year and the 
committee  chair  met  separately  with  the  external  auditor  and  Head  of  Internal  Audit  at  least 
quarterly. 

The effectiveness of the external auditor is evaluated by the committee. The committee assessed 
the auditor’s approach to providing audit services and concluded that the audit team was providing 
the  appropriate  quality  in  relation  to  the  services  provided.  The  audit  team  has  the  requisite 
expertise,  depth  of  knowledge,  appreciation  of  complex  issues,  dedication,  as  well  as  the 
independence and objectivity necessary to fulfil their responsibilities to shareholders. They are able 
and willing to appropriately challenge management. 

➢  Assessing Auditor Reappointment and Independence 

The  committee considers  the  reappointment  of the  external  auditor  each  year  before  making  a 
recommendation to the board. The committee assesses the independence of the external auditor 
on an ongoing basis. The external auditor is required to rotate the lead audit partner every five 
years and we have discussed succession plans with EY during the year.  

➢  Oversight of Non-Audit Services 

The audit committee is responsible for Atlantica’s policy on non-audit services and the approval of 
non-audit services. Audit objectivity and independence is safeguarded through the prohibition of 
certain non-audit services and audit-related services which fall within certain defined categories. 
Atlantica’s policy on non-audit services states that the auditor may not perform non-audit services 
that are prohibited by the SEC and the Public Company Oversight Board (PCAOB). 

The audit committee approves the terms of all audit services as well as permitted audit-related and 
non-audit related services. 

Approvals for individual engagements of pre-approved permitted services below certain thresholds 
are delegated to the Head of Internal Audit. Any proposed service not included in the permitted 
services categories must be approved in advance either by the audit committee chair or the audit 

105 

 
 
 
committee before the engagement commences. The audit committee, Chief Financial Officer and 
Head of Internal Audit monitor overall compliance with Atlantica’s policy on audit-related and non-
audit services, including whether the necessary pre-approvals have been obtained. The categories 
of  permitted  and  pre-approved  services  are  outlined  in  Note  23  of  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements included in this Annual Report. The external auditor in considered for permitted non-
audit services only when its expertise and experience of Atlantica is important. 

The committee approved an amendment to the policy on non-audit services in Q3 2021. For non-
audit services, the accumulated annual fees threshold was reduced to less than 50% of the annual 
audit services fees. 

All services performed by EY have been approved by the committee. All fees received by EY in 2021 
have been approved by the committee. 

 In thousand USD 
Audit Fees 
Audit-Related Fees 
Tax Fees 
All Other Fees 
Total 

EY 

Others Auditors 

Total 

1,571 
651 
633 
- 
2,855 

289 
- 
- 
- 
289 

1,860 
651 
633 
- 
3,144 

“Audit Fees” are the aggregate fees billed for professional services in connection with the audit of 
our Annual Consolidated Financial Statements, quarterly reviews of our interim financial statements 
and statutory audits of our subsidiaries’ financial statements under the rules of England and Wales 
and the countries in which our subsidiaries are organized. The increase in audit fees is mainly due 
to new companies being under scope and exchange rates variations. 

“Audit-Related Fees” include fees charged for services that can only be provided by our auditor, 
such as consents and comfort letters of non-recurring transactions, assurance and related services 
that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements. 
Fees paid during 2021 and 2020 related to comfort letters and consents required for capital market 
transactions of our major shareholder are also included in this category ($272 thousand and $212 
thousand  in  2021  and  2020  respectively).  These  fees  were  re-invoiced  and  paid  by  our  major 
shareholder. 

“Tax Fees” include mainly fees charged for transfer pricing services and tax compliance services in 
our US subsidiaries. 

“All Other Fees” comprises fees billed in relation to financial advisory and due diligence services 
and other services which cannot be comprised under other categories.  

Internal Audit 

The  committee  reviewed  and  approved  the  2021  Internal  Audit  Plan.  Throughout  the  year  the 
committee received quarterly reports on the findings of internal audit and actions taken to address 
those  findings,  as  well  as,  their  reviews of cash distributions  from  its  operating  entities  and  the 
Group’s various financial covenants. The committee also received a report from internal audit on 
their annual review of the system of internal control. The committee met privately with the Head 
of Internal Audit each quarter. The committee continued to monitor and review the effectiveness 
of internal audit during the year. 

106 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
Whistleblowing 

The  committee  is  responsible  for  monitoring  the  management  of  the  Whistleblower  Channel. 
According to the Code of Conduct, any allegation received through the Whistleblower Channel will 
be sent to the Chair of the Audit Committee, the General Counsel and the Head of Internal Audit. 

All main procedures performed, conclusions and proposed corrective measures are communicated 
to the committee. 

The Company’s whistle-blower policy encourages employees of the Company, its subsidiaries and 
all  external  stakeholders  to  raise  concerns  about  suspected  wrongdoing  within  the  Group  in 
complete confidence.  

Atlantica’s Whistleblower Channel is available at the Company’s website www.atlantica.com. 

107 

 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Remuneration Report  

Introduction 

This report (the “Directors' Remuneration Report”) relates to the remuneration of the directors of 
Atlantica  for  the  year  ending  December  31,  2021.  It  sets  out  the  remuneration  policy  and 
remuneration details for the executive and non-executive directors of the Company. It has been 
prepared in accordance with Schedule 8 of The Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups 
(Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008, as amended. 

The report is split into three main areas: 

-  The statement by the Chair of the Compensation Committee; 
-  The annual report on remuneration; and 
-  The policy report. 

The remuneration report will be submitted to a vote by shareholders at the Annual General Meeting 
in May 2022. 

The Companies Act 2006 requires the auditors to report to the shareholders on certain parts of the 
Directors’ Remuneration Report and to state whether, in their opinion, those parts of the report 
have been properly prepared in accordance with the Regulations. The statement by the Chair of 
the Compensation Committee and the policy report are not subject to audit. 

Atlantica has a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, responsible for reviewing the 
structure,  size  and  composition  of  the  Board  and  succession  planning  for  directors  and  senior 
executives.  It  also  reviews  and  advises  the  Board  on  the  strategy  and  corporate  governance 
responsibility  objectives  of  the  Company.  The  Compensation  Committee  is  mainly  focused  on 
setting the remuneration policy for directors and senior management. 

Statement by the Chair of the Compensation Committee  

I am pleased to present the Directors’ Remuneration Report for 2021. The regular and transparent 
dialogue  with  shareholders,  investors  and  other  stakeholders  is  a  vital  element  in  our  way  of 
operating  and,  through  this  remuneration  report,  we  aim  to  increase  the  awareness  of  our 
shareholders of the principles of our remuneration policy. 

The  Company´s  remuneration  policy  is  set  in  accordance  with  applicable  law,  with  the  aim  of 
attracting  and  retaining  highly  skilled  professional  and  managerial  resources  and  aligning  the 
interests  of  management  with  the  primary  objective  of  value  creation  for  shareholders,  for  the 
Company, its stakeholders and the members of the Company as a whole, in the medium to long 
term. 

A total of two Compensation Committee meetings were convened in 2021. All Committee members 
attended each meeting that they were eligible to attend.  

The Compensation Committee focused its activities on the following objectives: 

✓  Periodically reviewing the fixed and variable remuneration of the Chief Executive Officer; 
✓  Periodically reviewing the remuneration policy and overall levels of remuneration for the Chief 
Executive  Officer  and  senior  management  team,  including  the  long-term  incentive  plans,  in 
accordance with the following criteria: 

108 

 
 
 
-  Seeking an alignment between incentives, business performance and creation of value for 

shareholders, 

-  Consistency with the principles of the UK Corporate Governance Code, and 
-  Retention  in  the  medium  to  long  term  of  high-quality  resources  for  the  achievement  of 
ambitious  targets  and  to  face  the  challenges  that  the  Company  will  have  to  face  in  the 
current and future market context. 

✓  Periodically reviewing the remuneration levels of non-executive directors; 
✓  Reviewing  the  Company’s  compensation  for  directors,  the  CEO  and  management  in 

comparison with its direct peers and best practices. 

In 2021, most of the objectives defined for the Chief Executive Officer's variable bonus were met 
or  exceeded  and  the  Compensation  Committee  decided  to  approve  a  bonus  corresponding  to 
105.0% of the target variable compensation, which will be payable in 2022. In 2020, most of the 
objectives  defined for  the  Chief  Executive  Officer's  variable  bonus  were met  or  exceeded and a 
bonus corresponding to 102.7% of the target variable compensation was paid in 2021.  

To finalise, I would like to thank our shareholders for their strong vote in favour of approving the 
directors’ remuneration report last year, demonstrating their support of Atlantica’s remuneration 
arrangements.  

I look forward to welcoming you and receiving your support again at the Annual General Meeting 
this year. 

Annual Report on Remuneration 

1. Single Total Figure of Remuneration for Each Director (Audited) 

Each  independent  non-executive  director  is  entitled  to  receive  annual  compensation  of  $150.0 
thousand. The Chair of the Board and Chairs of the committees of the board are entitled to receive 
additional compensation as detailed in the table below. Non-independent non-executive directors 
are entitled to be compensated on the same terms as independent non-executive directors. In 2021 
and 2020, non-independent non-executive directors declined compensation. 

The following table sets out the fee schedule for 2021 and 2020: 

In thousands of U.S. Dollars 

2021 

2020 

Annual Director Retainer 
Non-Executive Director 
Annual Committee Chair Retainer 
Chair of the Board 
Chair of the Audit Committee 
Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee  
Chair of the Compensation Committee 

150.0 

75.0 
15.0 
10.0 
10.0 

150.0 

75.0 
15.0 
10.0 
10.0 

The table below summarizes the directors who received remuneration during 2021, as well as the 
prior year for comparison. The Chief Executive Officer’s total annual compensation is also detailed 
in this table. 

109 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In thousands of U.S. 

Dollars 

Salary and Fees 

Annual Bonuses 

Long-Term 
Incentive Awards2 

(Vested) 

Total Fixed 

Total Variable 

Remuneration 

Remuneration 

Total 

Name1 

2021 

2020 

2021 

2020 

2021 

2020 

2021 

2020 

2021 

2020 

2021 

2020 

William Aziz3 

160.0 

106.7 

Debora Del Favero3 

160.0 

106.7 

Brenda Eprile3 

165.0 

110.0 

Michael Forsayeth3 

150.0 

100.0 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-  

-  

-  

-  

- 

- 

- 

- 

-  

-  

-  

-  

160.0 

106.7 

160.0 

106.7 

165.0 

110.0 

150.0 

100.0 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-  

-  

-  

-  

160.0 

106.7 

160.0 

106.7 

165.0 

110.0 

150.0 

100.0 

Santiago Seage4 

816.6 

756.8 

1,056.3  996.4 

1,879.8 

770.9 

816.6 

756.8 

2,936.1  1,767.3 

3,752.7 

2,524.1 

Michael Woollcombe3 

225.0 

150.0 

Andrea Brentan5 

Robert Dove5 

Francisco J. Martinez5 

Jackson Robinson5 

Daniel Villalba5 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

56.3 

60.0 

61.9 

60.0 

84.4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

225.0 

150.0 

56.3 

60.0 

61.9 

60.0 

84.4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

225.0 

150.0 

56.3 

60.0 

61.9 

60.0 

84.4 

Total 

1,676.6  1,652.8  1,056.3  996.4 

1,879.8  770.9 

1,676.6  1,652.8  2,936.1  1,767.3  4,612.7  3,420.1 

1 All directors served only part of 2020 (see Directors’ Report), except for Santiago Seage. 
2 Long-term Incentive Awards includes Long-term Incentive Plan (LTIP) and One-Off Plan vested in the year and calculating amounts 
with the share price at vesting date. In 2021, from the $1,879.8 thousand vested, $1,549.1 corresponded to share appreciation. In 2020, 
from the $770.9 vested, $464.7 thousand corresponded to share appreciation. 

3 Mr. Aziz, Mrs. Del Favero, Mrs. Eprile, Mr. Forsayeth and Mr. Woollcombe joined the Board of Directors on May 5, 2020 as independent 
non-executive  Directors  and  were  appointed  as  Chair  of  the  Compensation  Committee,  Chair  of  the  Nominating  and  Corporate 
Governance Committee, Chair of the Audit Committee, Chair of the Related Parties Transactions Committee and Interim Chair of the 
Board, respectively. 

4 The CEO’s compensation is approved in euros. It has been converted to U.S. dollars for reporting purposes, at the average exchange 

rate of each year, which is 1.18 $/€ in 2021 and 1.14 $/€ in 2020. 
In 2021, the CEO’s total pay amounted to €3,148.6 thousand ($3,752.7 thousand). Fixed salary amounted to €690.0 thousand ($816.6 
thousand),  annual  bonus  to  €892.5  thousand  ($1,056.3  thousand)  and  long-term  incentive  awards  to  €1,566.1  thousand  ($1,879.8 
thousand). 
In 2020, the CEO’s total pay amounted to €2,222.2 thousand ($2,524.1 thousand). Fixed salary amounted to €663.0 thousand ($756.8 
thousand), annual bonus to €873.0 thousand ($996.4 thousand) and long-term incentive awards to €686.3 thousand ($770.9 thousand).  
5 Mr. Villalba, Mr. Dove, Mr. Martinez and Mr. Robinson were directors until May 5, 2020, and were Chair of the Board of Directors, Chair 
of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, Chair of the Audit Committee, and Chair of the Compensation Committee, 
respectively, until such date. Mr. Brentan was a director until May 5, 2020. 

The Remuneration Report is presented in U.S. dollars since remuneration of all directors except the 
CEO is defined in U.S. dollars and the functional currency of the Company is also the U.S. dollar. 
None of the directors received any pension entitlement and/or taxable benefits in 2021 or 2020. 
Each member of our Board of Directors will be indemnified for his or her actions associated with 
being a director to the extent permitted by law. 

Chief Executive Officer Long Term Incentives awards vested 

In June 2021, one-third of the CEO’s one-off plan stock units vested, and shares were transferred 
to the CEO in accordance with the terms of the plan using the share price at the date of vesting 
(June 20, 2021). 

In  June  2020,  one-third  of  the  CEO’s  one-off  plan  stock  units  vested  and  were  paid  in  cash  in 
accordance with the terms of the plan using the share price at the date of vesting (June 20, 2020). 

The  value  of  the  shares  transferred  and  cash  payments  have  been  included  in  the  Single  Total 
Figure of Remuneration table above in their vesting period. 

110 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One-Off Plan 

2019 

One-Off Plan 
Vesting 

June 2021 
June 2020 

One-Third of 
Restricted Stock 
Units (RSUs) 

Price on Vesting 
Date (USD) 

Remuneration in 
Cash (000’s USD)* 

RSUs Value at 
Vesting Date 
(000’s USD)* 

14,535 
14,535 

36.50 
27.97 

- 
430.3  

578.8 
- 

* One-off plan vesting includes one third of RSUs (14,535 RSUs) plus dividend equivalent rights corresponding to the 
amount of dividends paid on one share RSU between the One-off plan effective date and the date on which the RSU 
vests. 

In addition, one-third of the CEO’s share options awarded in 2019 and 2020 under the LTIP vested 
in  June  and  January  2021,  respectively.  These  share  options  were  exercised,  and  shares  were 
transferred to the CEO in accordance with the terms of the plan. 

In 2020, one-third of the CEO’s share options awarded in 2019 under the LTIP vested. They were 
exercised in 2021 and the shares were transferred to the CEO in accordance with the terms of the 
plan. 

The share options have been included in the Single Total Figure of Remuneration table above in 
their vesting period. 

LTIP 

2020 

2019 

LTIP Vesting 

One-Third of 
Share Options 

Share Price on 
Vesting Date 
(USD) 

LTIP Vesting 
Price per 
Option (USD) 

2021 
2021 
2020 

34,494 
40,693 
40,693 

44.17  
36.50 
27.97 

26.39  
19.60  
19.60  

 Share Options 
Value at Vesting 
Date (000’s USD)* 
613.3 
687.7 
340.6 

* The value of the share options on vesting date is calculated using the number of share options multiplied by (the share 
price on vesting date minus the LTIP vesting price per option).  

In 2021, the majority of the objectives set for the Chief Executive Officer's variable bonus were met 
or  exceeded  and  the  Compensation  Committee  decided  to  approve  a  bonus  corresponding  to 
105.0% of the target variable compensation, which will be payable in 2022. 

CAFD* – Equal or higher than the CAFD budgeted in the 2021 budget 

EBITDA – Equal or higher than the EBITDA budgeted in the 2021 budget 
Close accretive acquisitions for the Company 
Achieve health and safety targets – (Frequency with Leave / Lost Time Index 
below 3.5 and General Frequency Index below 10.0) based on reliable targets 
and consistent measure metrics 
Management of relationships with key shareholders and partners 

Percentage 
weight 
40% 
15% 
20% 

10% 

15% 

Achievement 

99% 
99% 
120% 

116% 

100% 

(*) Cash Available for Distribution  refers to the cash distributions received by the Company from its  subsidiaries, minus cash expenses of the Company, 
including debt service and general and administrative expenses. 

In 2020, most of the objectives defined for the Chief Executive Officer's variable bonus were met 
or  exceeded  and  the  Compensation  Committee  decided  to  approve  a  bonus  corresponding  to 
102.7% of the target variable compensation, which was paid in 2021. 

The  Chief  Executive  Officer’s  maximum  potential  bonus  could  be  120%  of  such  bonus, 
approximately $1,150 thousand (approximately €1,020 thousand). 

No element of the Chief Executive Officer’s annual bonus is deferred. 

111 

 
 
 
 
Deferred Restricted Shares Units (DRSU) Plan 

In 2021 the Board of Directors established a DRSU Plan for non-executive directors to promote a 
greater  alignment  of  interests  between  directors  and  shareholders,  which  was  approved  at  the 
Annual General Meeting held in May 2021. The plan provides a means for directors to accumulate 
a financial interest in the Company and to enhance Atlantica’s ability to attract and retain qualified 
individuals with the experience and ability to serve as directors. Pursuant to the  DRSU Plan, the 
Company shall determine, and the directors shall agree, the percentage of their fees, starting on 
May 31, 2021, that shall be irrevocably substituted for the grant of Restricted Stock Units. 

The number of DRSUs credited to a participant’s account is determined by dividing the amount of 
the annual compensation to be received in DRSUs by the market value of an ordinary share at the 
time of the grant. Upon a participant ceasing to be a member of the Board, for any reason whether 
voluntary or involuntary, the DRSUs will vest. The Company shall transfer to the director a number 
of  shares  equal  to  the  number  of  vested  DRSUs  and  a  number  of  shares  equal  in  value  to  any 
dividends which would have been paid or payable, on such number of ordinary shares equal to the 
vested  DRSUs,  from  the  grant  date  until  the  vesting  date.  The  director  shall  not  have  any 
shareholders’ rights other than the dividend equivalent rights until the DRSUs vest and are settled 
by the issuance of shares.  

The  following  table  sets  out  the  total  compensation  received  by  independent,  non-executive 
directors via a mix of cash and DRSUs in 2021: 

Name 

Total Remuneration 

(000’s USD) 

Total Remuneration in Cash and/or Deferred Restricted Stock Units (DRSU) 

Remuneration in Cash  

Remuneration in DRSUs 

(000’s USD) 

DRSUs (000’s USD) 

Number of DRSUs (#)2 

William Aziz 

Debora Del Favero1 

Brenda Eprile 

Michael Forsayeth1 

Michael Woollcombe1 

160.0 

160.0 

165.0 

150.0 

225.0 

160.0 

128.5 

165.0 

100.8 

77.5 

- 

31.5 

- 

49.2 

147.5 

- 

878 

- 

1,372 

4,117 

860.0 

Total 
6,367 
1  Following  the  Annual  General  Meeting  held  in  May  2021,  the  Company  determined,  and  Ms.  Del  Favero,  Mr.  Forsayeth,  and  Mr. 
Woollcombe agreed that 30%, 50% and 100% respectively of their annual fee payable to the director by the Company for the period 
starting on May 31, 2021 shall be irrevocably substituted for the grant of Restricted Stock Units.  
2 The number of DRSUs is determined by dividing the amount of the annual compensation to be received in DRSUs by the market value 
of an ordinary share at the time of grant. 

631.9 

228.1 

2. Remuneration of the Chief Executive Officer 

The information provided in this part of the report is not subject to audit. 

Details for Mr. Seage, who serves in the role of the Chief Executive Officer, are set out in the “Single 
Total Figure of Remuneration for each director” section above. 

In  2021,  he  accrued  $1,056.3  thousand  as  a  bonus  payment  in  accordance  with  his  service 
agreement, payable in 2022. In 2020, Mr. Seage accrued $996.4 thousand in accordance with his 
service agreement, which was paid in 2021. The CEO’s bonus is approved in euros and converted 
to U.S. dollars for reporting purposes at the average exchange rate of each year. The increase is 
due in part to the fluctuation of the Euro-Dollar exchange rate. 

112 

 
 
 
 
Scheme interests awarded during 2021 

LTIP 

2021 

Number of  
Restricted Stock Units 

Number of 
Share Options 

Face Value* 
(000’s USD) 

Performance Criteria 

25,716 

74,843 

1,302 

RSU: 5% minimum Total Shareholder 
Return Performance Stock Unit  
Share Options: Time-Based Vesting 

(*) Face Value means the maximum number of shares that would vest if performance measures are met using the share price at the 
grant date. The face value for the Share Options is calculated using the Option price at the grant date. 

In 2021, under the LTIP, 25,716 Restricted Stock Units were awarded to the CEO, which will vest on 
the third anniversary of the grant date. In addition, 74,843 stock options were awarded, which vest 
one third per year, starting on the first anniversary of the grant date. 

If the total shareholder return (“TSR”) performance condition has not been met during the vesting 
period, the participant's Restricted Stock Units will lapse on the vesting date. The stock options are 
not subject to performance vesting. 

A description of each type of interest awarded and the basis on which the award is made is provided 
in the Remuneration Policy section below. 

Total Shareholder Return and Chief Executive Officer Pay 

The chart below shows the Company’s total shareholder return since June 2014, the date of our 
Initial Public Offering (“IPO”), until the end of 2021 compared with the TSR of the companies in the 
Russell  2000  Index.  The  chart  represents  the  progression  of  the  return,  including  investment, 
starting from the time of the IPO at a 100%-point. In addition, dividends are assumed to have been 
re-invested at the closing price of each dividend payment date.  

We believe the Russell 2000 Index is an adequate benchmark as it represents a broad range of 
companies of similar size.  

TSR is calculated in U.S. dollars. 

250%

225%

200%

175%

150%

125%

100%

75%

50%

25%

0%

204%

178%

183%

178%

133%

116%

119%

100%

96%

149%

121%

74%

76%

87%

85%

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Atlantica

Russell

113 

 
 
 
 
The  table  below  shows  the  total  remuneration  of  the  Chief Executive  Officer,  his  bonus  and  his 
long-term incentive awards expressed as a percentage of the maximum he is likely to be awarded.  

Bonus 

Long-Term Incentive Awards(3) 

Total Pay(1) 

(000’s USD) 

Percentage of Target 

3,752.7 

2,524.1 

1,685.4 

2,511.1 

1,602.0 

1,499.4 

1,597.6(4) 

174.1 

105.0% 

102.7% 

100.7% 

101.8% 

96.3% 

100.0% 

- 

- 

Amount of 
Bonus(2) 

(000’s USD) 

1,056.3 

996.4 

957.7 

992.2 

924.2 

940.5 

- 

- 

Percentage of 

Maximum 

Value 

(000’s USD) 

100.0% 

100% 

- 

22.0% 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,879.8 

770.9 

- 

751.1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Year 

2021 

2020 

2019 

2018 

2017 

2016 

2015 

2014 

(1)  The CEO’s compensation is approved in euros. It has been converted to U.S. dollars for reporting purposes at the average exchange 
rate of each year. The total pay received by the CEO in thousands of euros was €3,148.6 in 2021, €2,222.2 in 2020, €1,505.5 in 2019, 
€2,170.3 in 2018, €1,418.1 in 2017, €1,329.1 in 2016, €1,440.9 in 2015, and €130.9 in 2014. 

(2)  Amount of bonus accrued by the Company at year-end and paid the next year. For example: In 2020, the Company accrued $996.4 

thousand of the bonus paid to the Chief Executive Officer in 2021. 

(3)  Long-Term Incentive Awards includes LTIP and One-Off Plan vested in the year 
(4)  Includes  a  €1,189.5  thousand  (approximately  $1,319.6  thousand)  termination  payment  received  by  Mr.  Garoz  after  leaving  the 

Company on November 25, 2015. 

The Chief Executive Officer did not receive any variable remuneration for service provided to the 
Company for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Santiago Seage occupied that office 
between January and May 2015, and again from late November 2015. Meanwhile, Mr. Garoz held 
that position between May and November 2015, when Santiago Seage left the Company. 

Director’s, Chief Executive Officer’s and Employee’s Pay 

The table below sets out the percentage change between 2020 and 2021 in salary, bonus and long-
term incentive awards for independent non-executive directors, executive director, and the average 
per capita change for employees of the Company’s group as a whole, excluding the Chief Executive 
Officer. 

114 

 
 
 
 
2021 (% Change from 2020 to 2021) 

2020 (% Change from 2019 to 2020) 

Name 

Salary 

Bonus 

Long-Term 

Incentive 
Awards1 

Salary 

Bonus 

Long-Term 

Incentive 
Awards1 

Independent, non-executive directors 

William Aziz2 

Debora Del Favero2 

Brenda Eprile2 

Michael Forsayeth2 

Michael Woollcombe2 

Andrea Brentan3 

Robert Dove3 

Francisco J. Martinez3 

Jackson Robinson3 

Daniel Villalba3 

Executive director 

Santiago Seage (CEO) 

Employees (excluding CEO)4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4%5 

4% 

2%5 

8% 

144%7 

163% 7 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3% 

3% 

3% 

3% 

3% 

2%6 

5% 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2%6 

8% 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 8 

- 8 

Notes: 
All directors served only part of 2020 (see Directors’ Report), except for Santiago Seage. 
Only directors who received remuneration are included in the table above. 
None of the non-executive directors received any bonus, long-term incentive awards, pension entitlement and/or taxable benefits in 
2021 or 2020. 

1  Long-term Incentive Awards includes Long-term Incentive Plan (LTIP) and One-Off Plan.  
2 Mr. Aziz, Mrs. Del Favero, Mrs. Eprile, Mr. Forsayeth and Mr. Woollcombe joined the Board of Directors on May 5, 2020 as independent 

non-executive Directors.  

3 Mr. Villalba, Mr. Dove, Mr. Martinez and Mr. Robinson were directors until May 5, 2020, and were Chair of the Board of Directors, Chair 
of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, Chair of the Audit Committee, and Chair of the Compensation Committee, 
respectively, until such date. Their percentage of salary change was calculated on a full-time equivalent basis for 2020, hence based 
on their total remuneration received in 2019 compared to their 2020 entitled compensation as shown in the Single Total Figure of 
Remuneration section. Mr. Andrea Brentan was a director until May 5, 2020. 

4 The salary and bonus percentage change for employees (excluding the CEO) has been calculated considering the same average number 
of employees and the same average exchange rate in both 2021 and 2020. This is the most appropriate methodology to reflect how 
much the salary and potential bonus changed on a year-to-year basis as it excludes the effect of employee hires and turnover.  

5 The Compensation Committee approved a (i) fixed remuneration of €690 thousand ($817 thousand) for the Chief Executive Officer for 
2021 compared to €663 thousand ($757 thousand) for 2020, representing a 4% increase in  euros on a year-to-year basis, and (ii) 
variable  remuneration  of  €893  thousand  ($1,056  thousand)  for  2021  compared  to  €873  thousand  ($996  thousand)  for  2020, 
representing a 2% increase in euros on a year-to-year basis. 

6 The Compensation Committee approved a (i) fixed remuneration of €663 thousand ($757 thousand) for the Chief Executive Officer for 
2020 compared to €650 thousand ($728 thousand) for 2019, representing a 2% increase in  euros on a year-to-year basis, and (ii) 
variable remuneration of €873 thousand ($996 thousand) for 2020 compared to €856 thousand ($958 thousand) for 2019, representing 
a 2% increase in euros on a year-to-year basis. 

7 In 2021, the long-term incentive awards increase for the CEO and the rest of the employees is driven by the (i) vesting of one-third of 
his share options awarded in 2020 under the LTIP, and (ii) increase of Atlantica’s share price that resulted in higher LTIP and One-off 
plan amounts at vesting date. 

8 In 2019 no amount vested under long-term incentive awards for the CEO or Management. 

115 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relative Importance of Spend on Pay  

The following table sets out the change in overall employee costs, directors’ compensation and 
dividends.  

$ in Million 
Spend on Pay for All Employees 
Total Remuneration of Directors 
Total Remuneration of employees and 
directors 
Dividends Paid 

Amount in 2021 

78.8 
4.6 

83.4 

190.4 

Amount in 2020 
54.5 
3.4 

57.9 

168.8 

Difference  

24.3 
1.2 

25.5 

21.6 

The Company has not made any share repurchases during 2021 or 2020. 

The  average  number  of  employees  in  2021  in  Atlantica  was  655  employees,  compared  to  441 
employees in 2020.  The $24.3 million increase in spend on pay and the increase in the average 
number of employees is mostly due to the investments closed during 2021.  

The increase in total remuneration of directors is mainly  due to the vesting of one-third of the 
CEO’s share options awarded in 2020 and the increase of Atlantica’s share price that resulted in 
higher LTIP and One-off plan amounts at vesting date. 

3. Directors’ Shareholdings (Audited) 

The following table includes information with respect to beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares 
as of December 31, 2021 and by each of our current directors and executive officers, as well as their 
connected persons, in relation to any compensation paid and/or benefits granted by the Company.  

Non-independent,  non-executive  directors  are  not  required  to  comply  with  minimum  share 
ownership requirements as they do not receive remuneration from the Company. 

Name(1) 

Shares 

Restricted 

Share Units(2) 

Share Units 

Value 
($000’s)(3) 

Deferred 

Investment 

Minimum Share 

William Aziz 

2,500 

Debora Del Favero 

- 

Brenda Eprile 

5,500 

- 

878 

- 

Michael Forsayeth 

2,500 

1,372 

Santiago Seage 

55,666 

George Trisic 

Michael 

Woollcombe 

1,000 

5,000 

- 

- 

4,117 

- 

- 

- 

- 

89 

31 

197 

138 

120,880 

6,313 

Ownership 

Requirement 

3 times annual 

compensation 

3 times annual 

compensation 

3 times annual 

compensation 

3 times annual 

compensation 

6 times fixed 

compensation 

Compliance 
With Policy(4) 

On track

On track

On track

On track



- 

- 

36 

326 

Non-applicable  Non-applicable

3 times annual 

compensation 

On track

(1)  Mr.  Banskota,  non-independent,  non-executive  director,  has  no  shares  and  is  not  required  to  comply  with  minimum  share 

ownership requirements. 

(2)  Non-vested Share Units as of December 31, 2021. LTIP share units subject to 5% minimum Total Shareholder Return Performance 

Stock Unit. As of December 31, 2021, the CEO has no share units vested and not exercised. 

(3)  Assuming a share price of $35.76 as of December 31, 2021. 
(4)  5-year window from May 2021 to comply with this policy. 

116 

 
 
 
Between  the  year  end  and  the  date  of  issuance  of  this  report  there  have  been  no  changes  to 
directors’ share ownership. 

Under the LTIP and one-off plans, the CEO holds as of December 31, 2021 120,880 share units, 
convertible  into  shares  in  the  future  and  184,524  options,  none  of  which  have  vested.  As  of 
December 31, 2020, he held 109,700 share units, convertible into shares in the future and 225,562 
options, out of which 40,693 options had vested, but had not been exercised as of December 31, 
2020.  

Minimum Share Ownership  

The  Board  of  Directors  adopted  in  2021  minimum  share  ownership  guidelines  for  directors 
receiving remuneration from the Company and for the executives participating in the LTIP to further 
align executive and shareholder interests. Directors and executives subject to these guidelines shall 
achieve, within a period of five years, a minimum share ownership in the Company. In calculating 
the value of shares owned, shares that are issuable pursuant to the LTIP and DRSU Plans, vested 
and non-vested, are counted. Directors receiving remuneration and executives participating in the 
LTIP shall achieve a minimum share ownership in the Company equal in value to: 

-  Non-executive  directors  receiving  remuneration  from  the  Company:  3  times  their  annual 

compensation, 

-  CEO: 6 times his fixed compensation, 
-  CFO: 3 times his fixed compensation, 
-  Other executives: 2 times their fixed compensation. 

The directors receiving remuneration from the Company and executives have a 2-year window to 
amend non-compliances with minimum share ownership requirements derived from a stock price 
decrease. 

The  directors  not  receiving  remuneration  from  the  Company  are  not  required  to  comply  with 
minimum share ownership requirements. 

Termination Payments (Audited) 

No termination payments were made to the Chief Executive Officer or any other director in 2021 
nor 2020. The policy for termination payments is detailed under the section “Policy on payments 
for loss of office” of this report. 

4. Statement of Implementation of Policy in 2021 

The targets for bonuses are detailed under the section “Remuneration Policy” of this annual report. 
The  current  policy  was  approved  at  our  2021  Annual  General  Meeting,  held  in  May  2021.  The 
approved  Remuneration  Policy  is  set  out  below.  There  have  been  no  changes  to  this  approved 
version. 

For 2022, the bonus measures for the remuneration of the Chief Executive Officer, will focus on six 
areas:  financial  targets,  value  creating  growth/investments,  health  and  safety,  management  of 
relationships with key shareholders and partners, executive talent development and disclosure best 
standards. 

This approach is intended to provide a balanced assessment on how the business has performed 
over the course of the year against stated objectives. Targets are aligned with the annual plan and 
strategic and operational priorities for the year.  

117 

 
 
 
For 2022 the bonus objectives are: 

CAFD – Equal or higher than the CAFD budgeted in the 2022 budget 
EBITDA – Equal or higher than the EBITDA budgeted in the 2022 budget 
Close sustainable value accretive investments 
Achieve health and safety targets – (Frequency with Leave / Lost Time Index below 3.9 and 
General Frequency Index below 10.1) based on reliable targets and consistent measure metrics 
Management of relationships with key shareholders and partners 
Continued executive talent development 
Disclosure best standards 

5. Compensation Committee  

Percentage 
Weight 
35% 
15% 
15% 

10% 

10% 
10% 
5% 

The Compensation Committee was created in February 2016, together with the Nominating and 
Corporate  Governance  Committee.  These  two  committees  replaced  the  Appointments  and 
Remuneration Committee which was in place since the IPO.  

The Compensation Committee is responsible for determining the remuneration policies of directors 
and the remuneration of the Chief Executive Officer and other senior members of management.  

In  2021,  the  Compensation  Committee  focused  its  activities  on  the  following  key  remuneration 
topics:  

-  Periodically reviewing Long Term Incentive Plans, 
-  Deciding on the Chief Executive Officer’s remuneration,  
-  Reviewing Independent non-executive director’s remuneration, and 
-  Analysing peers and comparable remuneration structures. 

Membership and Attendance 

As of December 31, 2021, all members of the Compensation Committee are independent, non-
executive directors. The Compensation Committee held two meetings in 2021. 

Membership 

Director 

From 

William Aziz 

May 2020 

Debora Del Favero 

May 2020 

To 

n/a 

n/a 

Role 

Attendance / 
Eligible to Attend 

Director, Independent and Chair of 
the Compensation Committee 

Director, Independent 

2/2 

2/2 

No director or senior manager shall be involved in any decision as to their own remuneration. The 
Chief  Executive  Officer  and  members  of  senior  management,  such  as  the  Head  of  People  and 
Culture, may attend the meetings by invitation.  

The Compensation Committee Chair provides regular updates to the Board of Directors on the key 
issues discussed at the Compensation Committee’s meetings. 

Role of the Compensation Committee 

The Board of Directors approved Terms of Reference for the Compensation Committee which are 
available on the website of the Company (www.atlantica.com). 

118 

 
 
 
 
These Terms of Reference provide the roles and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee, 
which are reviewed by the Compensation Committee itself and the Board of Directors on a yearly 
basis. In accordance with this document, the Compensation Committee’s responsibilities include, 
but are not limited, to the following matters: 

1.  To  analyse,  discuss  and  make  recommendations  to  the  Board  regarding  the  setting  of  the 

remuneration policy for all directors and senior management, 

2.  To analyse and discuss proposals made by the Board regarding the Company’s remuneration 

policy, 

3.  To  obtain  reliable  and  updated  information  about  remuneration  in  other  companies  of 

comparable scale and complexity, 

4.  To  review  the  Chief  Executive  Officer’s  annual  compensation  package  and  performance 

objectives, 

5.  To review the design of long-term incentive plans for approval by the board and shareholders, 

and 

6.  To  review  and  approve  the  compensation  payable  to  executive  directors,  and  the  Chief 

Executive Officer for any loss or termination of office or appointment. 

2021 Key Activities 

In 2021, the Compensation Committee continued its work on revising our remuneration structure 
to ensure that the Company has in place an effective remuneration policy which: 

-  Allows the Company to attract and retain top quality talent; and 
-  Rewards and compensates sustainable performance to the benefit of both shareholders and 

stakeholders. 

Remuneration Analysis 

The Compensation Committee has re-assessed the remuneration policy implemented by the Board 
of Directors and approved in the Annual General Meeting. At least once a year, the Compensation 
Committee reviews compensation practices for non-executive directors in similar companies. 

The  Compensation  Committee  has  been  particularly  focused  on  reviewing  remuneration  for 
directors  and  the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  based  on  the  information  collected  from  external 
consultants that provided independent advice on remuneration best practices and market practice 
on directors´ minimum ownership requirements. 

The Compensation Committee is responsible for proposing the remuneration of the Chief Executive 
Officer and the overall remuneration of the senior management to the Board of Directors, including 
any kind of compensation. 

The Compensation Committee has the following duties regarding performance-related bonuses or 
variable remuneration: 

-  Definition  of  specific  targets  for  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  overall  structure  for  senior 

management. 

-  Evaluation of the accomplishment of those objectives in the case of the Chief Executive Officer.  

119 

 
 
 
Long-Term Incentive Awards  

In  April  2018,  the  Board  of  Directors  approved  the  implementation  of  a  remuneration  policy 
including LTIP awards. Until May 2021, the long-term incentive plan permitted the granting of share 
options  and  Restricted  Stock  Units  to  the  executive  team  of  the  Company.  The  shareholders 
meeting held in May 2021 approved a change to the remuneration policy according to which LTIP 
awards  will  be  granted  as  Restricted  Stock  Units  only.  The  LTIP  applies  to  approximately  13 
executives  and  the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  who  is  also  a  director.  The  Chief  Executive  Officer’s 
participation in the LTIP was approved by shareholders at the 2019 annual general meeting in June 
2019. 

Voting at the 2021 Annual General Meeting 

The Company takes an active interest in voting outcomes. In the event of a substantial vote against 
a  resolution  in  relation  to  director´s  remuneration,  the  Company  would  seek  to  understand  the 
reasons for any such vote and would set out in the following Annual Report any actions in response 
to it.  

At the 2021 Annual General Meeting, votes in relation to the Directors’ Remuneration Report and 
the Directors’ Remuneration Policy were as follows:  

Remuneration Report 

Remuneration Policy 

Number of 
votes 
79,763,404 
2,758,584 
93,076 

% 

96.7% 
3.3% 
- 

Number of 
votes 
79,679,548 
2,802,551 
132,965 

% 

96.6% 
3.4% 
- 

For 
Against 
Withheld* 

For 
Against 
Withheld* 

* A vote “withheld” is not a vote in law and is not counted in the calculation of the proportion of votes for and against the resolution 

Remuneration Policy 

The  current  policy  was  approved  at  our  2021  Annual  General  Meeting,  held  on  May  2021.  The 
approved  Remuneration  Policy  is  set  out  below.  There  have  been  no  changes  to  this  approved 
version. 

Non-Executive Directors: 

For non-executive directors, independent and non-independent directors, the Company’s policy is 
to  compensate  via  cash  or  Deferred  Restricted  Share  Units  for  the  time  dedicated,  subject  to a 
maximum  total  annual  compensation  for  non-executive  directors  in  aggregate  of  two  million 
dollars.  Once  a  year,  the  Compensation  Committee  reviews  compensation  practices  for  non-
executive directors in similar companies and the skills and experience required and may propose 
an adjustment in the current compensation. 

In  2021  the  Board  of  Directors  established  a  DRSU  Plan  for  non-executive  directors  which  was 
approved by the shareholders’ meeting. See section 1. Single Total Figure of Remuneration for Each 
Director in this Report for a description of the plan. 

None of the non-executive directors receive bonuses, long-term incentive awards, pension or other 
benefits in respect of their services to the Company. 

120 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Executive Directors: 

The  policy  for  executive  directors,  only  applicable  to  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  as  the  only 
executive director, is as follows:  

Name of 
component 

Description of 
component 

Salary/fees  

Benefits 

Fixed remuneration 
payable monthly. 

Opportunity to join 
existing plans for 
employees but 
without any 
increase in 
remuneration. 

Annual Bonus  Annual bonus is 

paid following the 
end of the financial 
year for 
performance over 
the year. There are 
no retention or 
forfeiture 
provisions. 

Restricted Stock 
Units subject to 
certain vesting 
periods and 
minimum TSR. 

Long Term 
Incentive 
Awards 

How does this 
component support the 
company’s (or Group’s) 
short and long-term 
objectives? 

Helps to recruit and retain 
executive directors and forms 
the basis of a competitive 
remuneration package. 

Helps to offer a competitive 
remuneration package and 
align it with the company’s 
objectives. 

Framework used to assess 
performance 

Not applicable. 

No retention or clawback. 

What is the 
maximum that may 
be paid in respect 
of the component? 

Maximum amount 
€800 thousand 
(approximately $910 
thousand), may be 
increased by 5% per 
year. 

Salary levels for peers 
are considered. 

200% of base salary. 

40%-50% of CAFD. 

Align executive directors and 
shareholders interests. 

70% of target annual 
salary + bonus. 

10%-15% of EBITDA. 

40%-50% of other operational 
or qualitative objectives. 

No retention. 

Clawback policy. 

Granted Restricted Stock Units 
subject to 5% average annual 
TSR. If the TSR performance 
condition has not been met 
during the vesting period, the 
participant's Restricted Stock 
Units will lapse on the vesting 
date. 

One-off plan in 2019 
for 50% of 2019 salary 
+ bonus. 

Share units. 

Clawback policy. 

CAFD,  EBITDA  and  TSR  have  been  selected  as  key  parameters  to  measure  the  company’s 
performance  due  to  their  importance  for  our  shareholders.  These  measures  are  considered 
standard indicators of financial performance in our sector. 

Clawback Policy 

In 2021, the Company implemented an incentive compensation recoupment, or clawback policy. 
The  policy  is  aimed  at  allowing  the  Company  to  recover  performance-based  compensation  for 
three  years  after  short-term  variable  compensation  and/or  long-term compensation  awards  are 
granted. The clawback policy is applicable from 2021 to all executives who participate in long term 
incentive arrangements. 

The clawback policy is applicable in the event of the occurrence of either of the following triggering 
events:  material  financial  restatement,  including  a  restatement  resulting  from  employee 
misconduct, or in the case of fraud, embezzlement or other serious misconduct that is materially 

121 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
detrimental  to  the  Company.  The  Compensation  Committee  shall  retain  discretion  regarding 
application  of  the  policy.  The  policy  is  incremental  to  other  remedies  that  are  available  to  the 
Company. 

If a triggering event occurs, unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee and/or 
if the Company is required to prepare a material restatement of its financial statements as a result 
of  misconduct,  and  the  Compensation  Committee  determines  that  the  executive  knowingly 
engaged in the misconduct or acted knowingly or with gross negligence in failing to prevent the 
misconduct,  or  the  Compensation  Committee  concludes  that  the  participant  engaged  in  fraud, 
embezzlement  or  other  similar  activity  (including  acts  of  omission)  that  the  Compensation 
Committee concludes was materially detrimental to the Company, the Company may require the 
participant  (or  the  participant’s  beneficiary)  to  reimburse  the  Company  for,  or  forfeit,  all  or  any 
portion of any short or long term variable compensation awards. 

Compensation Committee Discretions 

The Compensation Committee has discretion, consistent with market practice, in respect of, but 
not limited to participants, timing of payments, size of the award subject to policy, performance 
measures and when dealing with special situations, such as change of control or restructuring. 

The  annual  bonus  is  a  variable  cash  bonus,  based  on  the  objectives  described  above.  Those 
objectives  include  Cash Available  for  Distribution  (CAFD) and EBITDA,  as  these  are  key financial 
metrics for our industry sector. Additionally, the annual bonus includes 2-3 objectives that reflect 
some of the key projects, initiatives or key objectives.  

Annual bonus performance targets include annual CAFD and EBITDA performance thresholds for 
payment and also thresholds for the operational/qualitative targets defined by the Compensation 
Committee. These could vary on a year-to-year basis, hence assessment performance thresholds 
are analysed and updated by the Compensation Committee on an annual basis. 

For  the  management  team  and  key  personnel,  our  policy  is  to  use  two  external  consultants  to 
estimate market conditions for similar positions in terms of fixed and variable remuneration and, 
based on a performance appraisal, set a target remuneration, as a general rule, within that market 
practice. Variable payments are based on a number of specific measurable targets in relation to the 
measures described herein, which are defined by the Compensation Committee at the beginning 
of the year. For the rest of its employees, the Company establishes predefined remuneration ranges 
for  different  positions  and  reviews  each  individual  remuneration  depending  on  performance 
appraisal and within two ranges without employee consultation. 

In  addition,  the  Compensation  Committee  shall  retain  discretion  regarding  application  of  the 
clawback policy described in the remuneration policy section. 

Long-Term Incentive Awards 

The  purpose  of  the  LTIP  is  to  attract  and  retain  the  best  talent  for  positions  of  substantial 
responsibility  in  the  Company,  to  encourage  ownership  in  the  Company  by  the  executive  team 
whose long-term service the Company considers essential to its continued progress and, thereby, 
encourage  recipients  to  act  in  the  shareholders’  interest  and  to  promote  the  success  of  the 
Company. 

122 

 
 
 
The  long-term  incentive  plan  permits  the  granting  of  Restricted  Stock  Units  (“Awards”)  to  the 
executive team of the Company (the “Executives”). The LTIP applies to approximately 13 Executives 
and the Chief Executive Officer.  

In  addition,  the  management  has  discretion  to  grant  additional  LTIPs  to  a  certain  group  of 
employees and decide the value up to the 50% of the participant´s total annual compensation for 
the year closed before the date upon which an Award is granted. 

The  aggregate  number  of  shares  which  may  be  reserved  for  issuance  under  the  LTIP  must  not 
exceed 2% of the number of the shares outstanding at the time of the Awards are granted but is 
expected to be significantly less. In addition, total equity-based awards will be limited to 10% of 
the Company's issued share capital over a 10-year rolling period, in order to assure shareholders 
that dilution will remain within a reasonable range. In any case, the Compensation Committee may 
decide that, instead of issuing or transferring shares, the Executives may be paid in cash.  

The value of the Awards will be defined as 50% of the Executives’ total annual compensation for 
the  year  closed  before  the  date  upon  which  an  Award  is  granted  and,  in  the  case  of  the  Chief 
Executive Officer, would be 70% of the same previous year total annual compensation at the grant 
date. The award will be granted in Restricted Stock Units.  

Main Terms of the LTIP: 

Nature 

Exercisability 
and Vesting 
Period 

Executives who are not Directors 

Executives who are Directors 

Restricted Stock Units 

Conditions shall be based on: 
-  Continuing  employment  (or  other  service 

relationship) for 33% of the award and 

-  Continuing employment and achievement of 
a minimum 5% average annual TSR for 67% 
of the award. 

33%  of  the  shares  will  vest  on  the  third 
anniversary  of  the  grant  date  and  67%  of  the 
shares  will  vest  on  the  third  anniversary  of  the 
grant date but only if the annual TSR has been at 
least  a  5%  yearly  average  over  such  3-year 
period.  If  the  TSR  has  not  met  such  threshold 
during  the  period,  the  participant's  relevant 
Restricted  Stock  Units  for  the  67%  portion  will 
lapse on the vesting date. 

The  Company  will  decide  at  vesting  if  cash  or 
shares are given as payment. 

Conditions  shall  be  based  on  continuing 
employment  (or  other  service  relationship) 
and achievement of a minimum 5% average 
annual TSR. 

The shares will vest on the third anniversary 
of the grant date but only if the annual TSR 
has  been  at  least  a  5%  yearly  average  over 
such  3-year  period.  If  the  TSR  has  not  met 
such  threshold  during  the  period,  the 
participant's  relevant  Restricted  Stock  Units 
will lapse on the vesting date. 

The Company will decide at vesting if cash or 
shares are given as payment. 

Ownership and 
Dividends 

The  participant  will  be  entitled  to  receive,  for 
each  Restricted  Stock  Unit  held,  a  payment 
equivalent  to  the  amount  of  any  dividend  or 
distribution paid on one share between the grant 
date and the date on which the Restricted Stock 
Unit vests. 

The participant will be entitled to receive, for 
each  Restricted  Stock  Unit  held,  a  payment 
equivalent to the amount of any dividend or 
distribution  paid  on  one  share  between  the 
grant  date  and  the  date  on  which  the 
Restricted Stock Unit vests. 

Effect on Termination of Employment 

If  a participant’s  employment  terminates  by  reason  of  involuntary  termination  (death,  disability, 
redundancy, constructive dismissal or retirement dismissal rendered unfair), any portion of his/her 

123 

 
 
 
 
 
Award shall thereafter continue to vest and become exercisable according to the terms of the LTIP 
but such participant shall no longer be entitled to be granted Awards under the LTIP. 

If  a  participant  incurs  a  termination  of  employment  for  cause  or  voluntary  resignation  or 
withdrawal, share options that have vested at the termination date will be exercisable within the 
period of 30 days from such termination date (after which they will lapse) but any unvested Awards 
(options or Restricted Stock Units) shall lapse. 

Change of Control 

If there is a change of control, all Awards shall vest in full on the date of the change in control. The 
participants  must  exercise  their  share  options  within  a  period  of  30  days  following  receipt  of  a 
change of control notice from the Company without which, the options will lapse. 

Delisting 

If the Company is delisted, all outstanding Awards shall vest in full on the date of delisting and will 
be settled in cash. The cash payment for Restricted Stock Units will be the last quoted share price 
of the Company and the cash payment for any outstanding share options will be the difference 
between the last quoted share price and the exercise price for the applicable option. Such cash 
payments will be made after applicable tax deductions within 30 days of the delisting. 

One-Off Plan 

There  is  a  one-off  plan  in-place  that  grants  Restricted  Stock  Units  to  certain  members  of  the 
management  and  certain  members  of  middle  management9,  consisting  of  approximately  25 
managers including the Chief Executive Officer. The value of the award was defined as 50% of 2019 
target remuneration (including salary and variable bonus). The share units vest over 3 years, one 
third each year starting in 2020, provided that the manager is still an employee of the Company. 
This was approved by shareholders at the 2019 Annual General Meeting. 

Pension 

The executive director does not receive any pension contributions. 

None of the non-executive directors receive bonuses, long-term incentive awards, pension or other 
benefits in respect of their services to the Company. 

There are no provisions for the recovery of sums paid or the withholding of any sum, except for 
those  potentially  derived  from  the  application  of  the  clawback  provision.  The  company 
implemented the clawback provision in 2021.  

Chief Executive Officer Remuneration Policy 

The Compensation Committee approved a fixed remuneration of €690 thousand ($785 thousand 
converted to U.S. dollars at the December 31, 2021 exchange rate, which is 1.137 $/€) for the Chief 
Executive Officer for 2022. In 2021, the CEO’s fixed remuneration also was €690 thousand. 

Total  remuneration  of  the  only  executive  director  for  a  minimum,  target  and  maximum 

9 Middle Management consists of employees who: (i) manage a specific area, (ii) supervise a group of employees, or (iii) are considered 
key personnel within the organization. 

124 

 
 
 
 
performance in 2022 is presented in the chart below. 

In thousands of USD

$2,766

$1,498

$483

$785

Target

$3,443

$1,498

$1,160

$785

Maximum

$785

$785

Minimum

Salary and Benefits

Annual Bonus

LTIP and One-Off Plan

Assumptions made for each scenario are as follows: 

Minimum: 

Target: 

Maximum: 

Fixed remuneration only, assuming performance targets are not met for the annual bonus 
nor for the RSU and assuming no value for the options vesting in the year. 
Fixed remuneration, plus half of target annual bonus and the LTIP and one-off plans vesting 
in 2022 at face value, using share price at grant date for units and option value at grant 
date for options, not including dividends, and assuming that the minimum annual TSR of 
at least a 5% yearly average over the 3-year period is met for the units. 
Fixed  remuneration, plus  maximum annual bonus and  LTIP and one-off plans vesting in 
2022 at face value, using share price at grant date for units and option value at grant date 
for options not including dividends, and assuming that the minimum annual TSR of at least 
a 5% yearly average over the 3-year period is met for the units. 

In  addition,  if we  assume  a  50% appreciation  of  the  share  price with  respect  to  the  grant  date, 
maximum  remuneration  for  2022  including  vesting  long-term  awards  would  be  approximately 
$5,058 thousand.  

For 2022, the bonus measures for the remuneration of the Chief Executive Officer, will focus on six 
areas:  financial  targets,  value  creating  growth/investments,  health  and  safety,  management  of 
relationships with key shareholders and partners, executive talent development and disclosure best 
standards. 

This approach is intended to provide a balanced assessment of how the business has performed 
over the course of the year against stated objectives. Targets are aligned with the annual plan and 
strategic and operational priorities for the year.  

The CEO’s 2022 bonus objectives are disclosed under the section Annual Report on Remuneration. 

Approach to Recruitment 

The  remuneration  policy  reflects  the  composition  of  the  remuneration  package  for  the 
appointment of new executive and non-executive directors. We expect to offer a competitive fixed 
remuneration,  an  annual  bonus  (for  executive  directors)  not  exceeding  200%  of  the  fixed 

125 

 
 
 
 
  
remuneration  and  participation  in  the  LTIP.  Whenever  needed,  the  Company  can  contract  an 
external advisor to hire key personnel. 

Nominee directors do not receive any compensation from the Company. 

Policy on Payments for Loss of Office 

The  Company  has  an  agreement  in-place  with  certain  executives  with  strategic  and  key 
responsibilities in the Company (“Key Managers”), including the Chief Executive Officer, to protect 
the Company's know-how and to ensure continuity in terms of attainment of business objectives, 
the policy approved by our shareholders at the 2019 Annual General Meeting, introduced certain 
termination payments to key executives, including the Chief Executive Officer.  

No  payments  would  be  made  to  Key  Managers  for  dismissal  for  breach  of  contract,  breach  of 
fiduciary duties or gross misconduct, determined (in the event of a dispute) by a court of competent 
jurisdiction to reach a final determination. 

The Company agreed with Key Managers, including the CEO, the Company would make payments 
for loss of office or employment in addition to the severance payment under the prevailing labour 
and legal conditions in their contracts or countries where they are employed if they should leave 
(by loss of office or employment) the Company within 2 years of a change in control. The payment 
would  represent  six  months  of remuneration  and  will  be adjusted  to  ensure  that  total  payment 
including  severance  payment  required  under  prevailing  laws  represent  at  least  12  months  of 
remuneration  (including  salary,  benefits,  long  term  incentive  plans  and  variable  pay),  but  never 
more than 24 months of remuneration, unless required by local law.  

A change of control means that a third party or coordinated parties (i) acquire directly or indirectly 
by any means a number of shares in the Company which (together with the shares that such party 
may already hold in the Company) amount to more than 50% of the share capital of the Company; 
or (ii) appoint or have the right to appoint at least half of the members of the Board of Directors 
of the Company. 

Consideration of Employee Conditions Elsewhere 

For  the  management  team  and  key  personnel,  our  policy  is  to  use  two  external  consultants  to 
estimate market conditions for roles of a similar level of managerial responsibilities and complexity 
in  terms  of  fixed  and  variable  remuneration  and,  as  a  general  rule,  based  on  a  performance 
appraisal, set target remuneration within that market practice.  

The annual variable remuneration payment is calculated with reference to the achievement of a 
number of specific measurable targets defined in the previous year. Each specific target is measured 
on a performance scale of 0%-120%.  

For  the  rest  of  its  employees,  the  Company  establishes  predefined  remuneration  ranges  for 
different positions and reviews each individual remuneration depending on performance appraisal 
within two ranges without employee consultation.  

The  remuneration  of  all  employees,  including  the  members  of  the  management  team,  may  be 
adjusted periodically in the framework of the annual salary review process which is carried out for 
all employees. 

126 

 
 
 
Overall,  we  expect  that,  following  the  implementation  of  our  policies,  remunerations  of  the 
Company’s employees will increase in line with the market with the exception of individuals that 
have recently been promoted or whose remuneration is above market conditions. 

Statement of Consideration of Shareholder Views 

There  are  no  comments  in  respect  of  directors’  remuneration  expressed  to  the  Company  by 
shareholders. The next Annual General Meeting is expected to be held in May 2022. 

Summary of Policy for Non-Executive Directors 

Name of 
component 

How does the 
component support the 
company’s objective? 

Fees and/or 
Deferred 
Restricted 
Share Units 
(DRSU) 

Attract  and  retain  high-
performing 
independent 
non-executive directors. 

Align 
interests  of  non-
independent 
executive 
directors  with  interests  of 
shareholders. 

Benefits 

Reasonable 
expenses 
Company’s 
office  or 
meetings. 

travel 
to 
the 
registered 
for 

venues 

Operation 

Maximum 

the 
annually 
Reviewed 
Compensation Committee and Board. 

by 

The chair of the Board and the chair of 
each  committee  receive  additional 
fees. 

Annual total compensation for 
independent 
non-executive 
directors, in any case, the fees 
or  DRSUs  will  not  exceed  two 
million dollars. 

credited 

DRSUs: the Company and the Directors 
shall agree the percentage of their fees 
that  shall  be  paid  in  DRSUs.  The 
number  of  DRSUs 
is 
determined using the market value of 
an  ordinary  share  at  the  time  of  the 
grant. Upon a participant ceasing to be 
a member of the Board the DRSUs will 
vest. The Company shall transfer to the 
director  a  number  of  shares  equal  to 
the  number  of  vested  DRSUs  and  a 
number of shares equal in value to any 
dividends which would have been paid 
or payable, or such number of ordinary 
shares equal to the vested DRSUs, from 
the grant date until the vesting date. 

Minimum  share  ownership:  within  a 
period of five years, directors receiving 
remuneration 
the  Company 
from 
share 
should  have  a  minimum 
ownership in the Company of 3 times 
their annual compensation. In the case 
of the CEO, this requirement is 6 times 
his fixed compensation. 

Customary control procedures. 

Real  costs  of  travel  with  a 
maximum  of  one  million 
dollars for all directors. 

Non-independent, non-executive directors are entitled to the same compensation as independent 
non-executive directors.  

127 

 
 
 
In  2021,  the  Board  of  Directors  adopted  minimum  share  ownership  guidelines  for  directors 
receiving  remuneration  from  the  Company  (see  the  Directors’  Shareholdings  section).  Within  a 
period  of  five  years,  non-executive  directors  receiving  remuneration  from  the  Company  should 
have a minimum share ownership in the Company of 3 times their annual compensation.  

In addition, starting in 2021, the directors may elect to receive compensation via a mix of cash and 
DRSUs. The DRSUs shall vest upon the date on which the director ceases to be a member of the 
Board due to a voluntary or involuntary separation from service. The director shall not have any 
rights of a shareholder unless and until the DRSUs vest and are settled by the issuance of shares 
(see further detail in the Current remuneration policy section above). 

Service Contracts 

Mr. Seage has a service contract with Atlantica that includes a 6-month notice period. 

Non-executive  directors  do  not  have  a  service  contract  and  will  be  submitted  for  election  by 
shareholders at the 2022 Annual General Meeting for one year. All directors will be submitted for 
re-election by shareholders annually. 

Employee Benefit Trusts 

The Company has not established employee trusts for share plans.  

Statement of Voting at General Meetings  

The remuneration report will be submitted to a vote of shareholders at the Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting in May 2022. 

Approval 

This report was approved by the Board of Directors on February 25, 2022 and signed on its behalf 
by William Aziz, Director and Chair of the Compensation Committee. 

Director and Chair of the Compensation Committee 

William Aziz 

February 25, 2022 

128 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Responsibilities Statement 

The directors are responsible for preparing the Consolidated Annual Report and the Consolidated 
Financial Statements in accordance with applicable UK law and regulations. 

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under 
that law the directors are required to prepare the group financial statements in accordance with 
International  Accounting  Standards  in  conformity  with  the  requirements  of  the  Companies  Act 
2006  and  have  elected  to  prepare  the  parent  company  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
Financial Reporting Standard 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework (FRS 101). Under company law 
the directors must not approve the accounts unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view of the state of affairs of the company and the group and of the profit or loss of the company 
and the group for that period.  

In preparing these financial statements the directors are required to: 

-  Select  suitable  accounting  policies  in  accordance  with  IAS  8  Accounting  Policies,  Changes  in 

Accounting Estimates and Errors and then apply them consistently; 

-  Make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
-  Present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, 

comparable and understandable information; 

- 

-  Provide additional disclosures when compliance with the specific requirements in IFRSs and in 
respect of the parent company financial statements, FRS 101 is insufficient to enable users to 
understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on the group and 
company financial position and financial performance;  
In respect of the group financial statements, state whether International Accounting Standards 
in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 have been followed, subject to 
any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; 
In respect of the parent company financial statements, state whether the  applicable FRS 101 
have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial 
statements; and 

- 

-  Prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is appropriate to presume 

that the company and the group will not continue in business. 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show 
and explain the company’s and the group’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at 
any time the financial position of the company and the group and enable them to ensure that the 
financial  statements  comply  with  the  Companies  Act  2006.  They  are  also  responsible  for 
safeguarding the assets of the company and the group and hence for taking reasonable steps for 
the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

Responsibility Statement  

Under applicable law and regulations, the directors are also responsible for preparing a strategic 
report, directors’ report and directors’ remuneration report that comply with that law and those 
regulations. The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and 
financial information included on the company’s website. 

129 

 
 
 
We confirm that to the best of our knowledge: 

The Consolidated Financial Statements, prepared in accordance with the International Accounting 
Standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006, give a true and fair view 
of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the company and the undertakings 
included in the consolidation taken as a whole, 

The Strategic Report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business 
and the position of the company and the undertakings included in the consolidation taken as a 
whole, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that they face, and 

The Consolidated Annual Report and Financial Statements, taken as a whole, are fair, balanced and 
understandable and provide the information necessary for shareholders to assess the company’s 
performance, business model and strategy. 

This responsibility statement was approved by the Board of Directors on February 25, 2022 and is 
signed on its behalf by: 

By order of the Board 

Director and Chief Executive Officer 

Chief Financial Officer 

Santiago Seage 

February 25, 2022 

Francisco Martinez-Davis 

February 25, 2022 

130 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Definitions 

Unless otherwise specified or the context requires otherwise in this annual report: 

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- 

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references to “2020 Green Private Placement” refer to the €290 million (approximately $330 
million)  senior  secured  notes  maturing  on  June  20,  2026  which  were  issued  under  a  senior 
secured note purchase agreement entered with a group of institutional investors as purchasers 
of the notes issued thereunder; 

references to “Abengoa” refer to Abengoa, S.A., together with its subsidiaries, or Abenewco1, 
S.A. together with its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires; 

references to “ACT” refer to the gas-fired cogeneration facility located inside the Nuevo Pemex 
Gas Processing Facility near the city of Villahermosa in the State of Tabasco, Mexico; 

references to “Algonquin” refer to, as the context requires, either Algonquin Power & Utilities 
Corp.,  a  North  American  diversified  generation,  transmission  and  distribution  utility,  or 
Algonquin Power & Utilities Corp. together with its subsidiaries; 

references  to  “Algonquin  ROFO  Agreement”  refer  to  the  agreement  we  entered  into  with 
Algonquin on March 5, 2018, under which Algonquin granted us a right of first offer to purchase 
any of the assets offered for sale located outside of the United States or Canada as amended 
from time to time;  

references to “Amherst Island Partnership” or AIP refer to the holding company of Windlectric 
Inc; 

references  to  “Annual  Consolidated  Financial  Statements”  refer  to  the  audited  annual 
consolidated  financial  statements  as  of  December  31,  2021  and  2020,  including  the  related 
notes  thereto,  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRS  as  issued  by  the  IASB  (as  such  terms  are 
defined herein), included in this annual report; 

references to “ASI Operations” refer to ASI Operations LLC; 

references to “Atlantica” refer to Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc and, where the context 
requires, Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc together with its consolidated subsidiaries; 

references  to  “Atlantica Jersey”  refer  to  Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  Jersey  Limited,  a 
wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlantica; 

references to “ATM Plan Letter Agreement” refer to the agreement by and among the Company 
and Algonquin dated August 3, 2021, pursuant to which the Company offers Algonquin the 
right but not the obligation, on a quarterly basis, to purchase a number of ordinary shares to 
maintain its percentage interest in Atlantica at the average price of the shares sold under the 
Distribution Agreement in the previous quarter, as adjusted; 

- 

references  to  “ATN”  refer  to  ATN  S.A.,  the  operational  electronic  transmission  asset  in  Peru, 
which is part of the Guaranteed Transmission System; 

- 

references to “ATS” refer to ABY Transmision Sur S.A.; 

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references  to  “AYES  Canada”  refer  to  Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  Energy  Solutions 
Canada  Inc.,  a  vehicle  formed  by  Atlantica  and  Algonquin  to  channel  co-investment 
opportunities; 

references to “Befesa Agua Tenes” refer to Befesa Agua Tenes, S.L.U; 

references to “cash available for distribution” or CAFD refer to the cash distributions received 
by the Company from its  subsidiaries minus cash expenses of the Company, including third 
party debt service and general and administrative expenses; 

references to “Calgary District Heating” refer to the district heating asset in Canada, which we 
agreed to acquire in the fourth quarter of 2020 for a total equity investment of approximately 
$20 million, subject to conditions precedent and regulatory approvals; 

references to “Chile PV 1” refer to the solar PV plant of 55 MW located in Chile; 

references to “Chile PV 2” refer to the solar PV plant of 40 MW located in Chile; 

references to “Chile TL 3” refer to the 50-mile transmission line located in Chile; 

references to “Chile TL 4” refer to the 63-mile transmission line located in Chile; 

references to “CNMC” refer to Comision Nacional de los Mercados y de la Competencia, the 
Spanish state-owned regulator; 

references to “COD” refer to the commercial operation date of the applicable facility; 

references to “Coso” refer to the 135 MW geothermal plant located in California; 

references  to  the  “Distribution  Agreement”  refer  to  the  agreement  entered  into  with  J.P. 
Morgan Securities LLC, as sales agent, dated August 3, 2021 under which the Company may 
offer and sell from time to time up to $150 million of our ordinary shares and pursuant to which 
J.P.  Morgan  Securities  LLC  may  sell  our  ordinary  shares  by  any  method  permitted  by  law 
deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined by Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the 
Securities Act of 1933, as amended; 

references to “DOE” refer to the U.S. Department of Energy; 

references to “EMEA” refer to Europe, Middle East and Africa; 

references to “EPC” refer to engineering, procurement and construction; 

references to “EURIBOR” refer to Euro Interbank Offered Rate, a daily reference rate published 
by  the  European  Money  Markets  Institute,  based  on  the  average  interest  rates  at  which 
Eurozone banks offer to lend unsecured funds to other banks in the euro wholesale money 
market; 

references to “EU” refer to the European Union; 

references to “Exchange Act” refer to the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or 
any successor statute, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder; 

references to “Federal Financing Bank” refer to a U.S. government corporation by that name; 

references to “Fitch” refer to Fitch Ratings Inc.; 

132 

 
 
 
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references  to  Frequency  with  Leave  Index  (FWLI)  refer  to  the  total  number  of  recordable 
accidents  with  leave  (lost  time  injury)  recorded  in  the  last  12  months  per  million  of  worked 
hours;  

references to “FPA” refer to the U.S. Federal Power Act; 

references to “General Frequency Index” (GFI) refer to the total number of recordable accidents 
with leave (lost time injury) recorded in the last twelve months per million of worked hours; 

references to “Green Exchangeable Notes” refer to the $115 million green exchangeable senior 
notes due in 2025 issued by Atlantica Jersey on July 17, 2020, and fully and unconditionally 
guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis, by Atlantica; 

references to “Green Project Finance” refer to the green project financing agreement entered 
into  between  Logrosan,  the  sub-holding  company  of  Solaben  1 &  6  and  Solaben  2  &  3,  as 
borrower, and ING Bank, B.V. and Banco Santander S.A., as lenders; 

references to “Green Senior Notes” refer to the $400 million green senior notes due in 2028; 

references to “gross capacity” refer to the maximum, or rated, power generation capacity, in 
MW,  of  a  facility  or  group  of  facilities,  without  adjusting  for  the  facility’s  power  parasitic 
consumption, or by our percentage of ownership interest in such facility as of the date of this 
annual report; 

references to “GWh” refer to gigawatt hour; 

references to “IFRIC 12” refer to International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee’s 
Interpretation 12—Service Concessions Arrangements; 

references to “IFRS as issued by the IASB” refer to International Financial Reporting Standards 
as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board; 

references to “IPO” refer to our initial public offering of ordinary shares in June 2014; 

references to “Italy PV” refer to the six solar PV plants located in Italy with combined capacity 
of 6.2 MW; 

references to “ITC” refer to investment tax credits; 

references to “La Sierpe” refer to the 20MW solar PV plant in Colombia to be acquired from 
Algonquin by mid-2021, subject to customary conditions; 

references  to  “Liberty  GES”  refer  to  Liberty  Global  Energy  Solutions  B.V.,  a  subsidiary  of 
Algonquin formerly known as Abengoa- Algonquin Global Energy Solutions B.V. (AAGES) which 
invests  in  the  development  and  construction  of  contracted  clean  energy  and  water 
infrastructure contracted assets; 

references to “Liberty Interactive” refer to Liberty Interactive Corporation; 

references to “Liberty Interactive Ownership Interest in Solana” refer to Class A membership 
interests of ASO Holdings Company LLC (the holding company of Arizona Solar One LLC, owner 
of the 250 MW net (280 MW gross) solar electric generation facility located in Maricopa County, 
Arizona, known as the Solana plant), previously owned by Liberty Interactive and purchased by 
us on August 17, 2020; 

133 

 
 
 
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references  to  “Liberty  GES  ROFO  Agreement”  refer  to  the  agreement  we  entered  into  with 
Liberty GES on March 5, 2018, that provides us a right of first offer to purchase any of the assets 
offered for sale thereunder, as amended and restated from time to time; 

references to “LIBOR” refer to London Interbank Offered Rate; 

references to “Lost time injury rate” refer to the total number of recordable accidents with leave 
(lost time injury) recorded in the last 12 months per two hundred thousand worked hours; 

references to “Logrosan” refer to Logrosan Solar Inversiones, S.A.; 

references to “LTIP” refer to the long-term incentive plans approved by the Board of Directors; 

references to “Mft3M ft3” refer to million standard cubic feet; 

references  to  “Monterrey”  refer  to  the  142  MW  gas-fired  engine  facility  including  130  MW 
installed capacity and 12 MW battery capacity, located in, Monterrey, Mexico; 

references to “Multinational Investment Guarantee Agency” refer to Multinational Investment 
Guarantee  Agency,  a  financial  institution  member  of  the  World  Bank  Group  which  offers 
political insurance and credit enhancement guarantees; 

references to “MW” refer to megawatts; 

references to “MWh” refer to megawatt hour; 

references to “Moody’s” refer to Moody’s Investor Service Inc.; 

references to “NOL” refer to net operating loss; 

references  to  “Note  Issuance  Facility  2017”  refer  to  the  senior  secured  note  facility  dated 
February 10, 2017, of €275 million (approximately $313 million), with Elavon Financial Services 
DAC, UK Branch, as facility agent and a group of funds managed by Westbourne Capital as 
purchasers of the notes issued thereunder, which was fully repaid in April 2020; 

references  to  “Note Issuance  Facility  2019”  refer  to  the  senior  unsecured  note  facility  dated 
April 30, 2019, as amended on May 14, 2019, October 23, 2020 and March 30, 2021 for a total 
amount of €268 million, (approximately $310 million), with Lucid Agency Services Limited, as 
facility agent and a group of funds managed by Westbourne Capital as purchasers of the notes 
issued thereunder which was fully repaid on June 4, 2021; 

references to “Note Issuance Facility 2020” refer to the senior unsecured note facility dated July 
8, 2020, as amended on March 30, 2021 of €140 million (approximately $159 million), with Lucid 
Agency Services Limited, as facility agent and a group of funds managed by Westbourne Capital 
as purchasers of the notes issued thereunder; 

references  to  “O&M”  refer  to  operation  and  maintenance  services  provided  at  our  various 
facilities; 

references  to  “operation”  refer  to  the  status  of  projects  that  have  reached  COD  (as  defined 
above); 

references to “Pemex” refer to Petroleos Mexicanos; 

references to “PG&E” refer to PG&E Corporation and its regulated utility subsidiary, Pacific Gas 
and Electric Company collectively; 

134 

 
 
 
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references  to  “PPA”  refer  to  the  power  purchase  agreements  through  which  our  power 
generating assets have contracted to sell energy to various off-takers; 

references to “PTS” refer to Pemex Transportation System; 

references  to  “Revolving  Credit  Facility”  refers  to  the  credit  and  guaranty  agreement  with  a 
syndicate of banks entered into on May 10, 2018 as amended on January 24, 2019, August 2, 
2019, December 17, 2019 and August 28, 2020 and March 1, 2021 providing for a senior secured 
revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $450 million; 

references to “Rioglass” refer to Rioglass Solar Holding, S.A.; 

references to “ROFO” refer to a right of first offer; 

references to “ROFO Agreements” refer to the Liberty GES ROFO Agreement and Algonquin 
ROFO Agreement ; 

references to the “Shareholders’ Agreement” refer to the agreement by and among Algonquin 
Power & Utilities Corp., Abengoa-Algonquin Global Energy Solutions and Atlantica Sustainable 
Infrastructure plc, dated March 5, 2018, as amended; 

references to “Solnova 1, 3 & 4” refer to a 150 MW concentrating solar power facility wholly 
owned by Atlantica, located in the municipality of Sanlucar la Mayor, Spain; 

references to “S&P” refer to S&P Global Rating; 

references to “Tenes” refer to the water desalination plant in Algeria, which is 51% owned by 
Befesa Agua Tenes; 

references to “Total-Record Incident” refer to the total number of recordable accidents with 
and without leave (lost time injury) recorded in the last 12 months per two hundred thousand 
worked hours; 

references to “U.K.” refer to the United Kingdom; 

reference to “U.S.” or “United States” refer to the United States of America; 

references  to  “we,”  “us,”  “our,”  “Atlantica”  and  the  “Company”  refer  to  Atlantica  Sustainable 
Infrastructure plc and its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. 

135 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF ATLANTICA SUSTAINABLE 
INFRASTRUCTURE PLC  

Opinion 
In our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc’s group financial statements and parent company financial 
statements (the “financial statements”) give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of 
the parent company’s affairs as at 31 December 2021 and of the group’s loss for the year then 
ended; 

the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK adopted 
International Accounting Standards;   

the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with United 
Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and 

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the 
Companies Act 2006. 

We have audited the financial statements of Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc (the ‘parent 
company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) for the year ended 31 December 2021 which comprise: 

Group 

Parent company 

Company Balance Sheet as at 31 December 
2021 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity for 
the year then ended 

Related notes 1 to 10 to the financial 
statements including a summary of significant 
accounting policies 

Consolidated Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2021 

Consolidated Income Statement for the year then ended 

Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income for 
the year then ended 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the year then 
ended 

Consolidated Cash Flow Statement for the year then ended 

Related notes 1 to 26 to the financial statements, including a 
summary of significant accounting policies 

The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the group financial 
statements is applicable law and UK adopted International Accounting Standards.  The financial 
reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the parent company financial 
statements is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 101 “Reduced 
Disclosure Framework” (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). 

Basis for opinion  
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and 
applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of 
the group and parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed 
entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis 
for our opinion. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern 
basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the 
directors’ assessment of the group and parent company’s ability to continue to adopt the going 
concern basis of accounting included: 

•  We performed a walkthrough of the Group’s financial close process to confirm our 

understanding of management’s going concern assessment process. From this walkthrough, 
we obtained an understanding of management’s financing structure that splits the Group into 
corporate level financing and project level financing. The finance secured by the projects is 
non-recourse to the Group. The Group going concern assessment is therefore based on 
corporate level cash flows which are dependent on income from operating subsidiaries to 
service corporate level finance arrangements and does not include these non-recourse project 
level finance arrangements directly but considers the ability for dividends to flow up through 
the Group. The corporate forecast incorporates the cash flows from the Parent and all holding 
and investment entities within the Group, as well as dividends forecast to be received from the 
operating subsidiaries. 

•  We performed an independent risk assessment on going concern to identify potential risks to 
the liquidity of the Group in order to determine whether management’s process had identified 
all the appropriate risks.  

•  We obtained management’s going concern assessment, including the corporate cash flow 
forecast, available liquidity and debt maturity profiles for the going concern period which 
covers the 13-month period from when these financial statements are authorised for issue to 
31 March 2023.  

• 

In obtaining an understanding of the Group’s project finance structure, we instructed 
component teams to inspect the terms of the agreements to understand the structure of the 
project finance debt. We confirmed that the project debt was non-recourse to the Group.  

•  We agreed the opening cash position to external bank confirmations and available bank 

facilities to external credit facility agreements.  

•  We agreed the debt maturity profiles, including the upcoming repayment profiles, to the terms 
of the signed agreements with the debt providers and we also obtained confirmation from 
debtholders on the amounts due.  

•  We obtained management’s assessment of the budgeted EBITDA for the going concern 

period. We confirmed the contracted revenues through our revenue testing. We assessed the 
reasonableness of the budgets by analysing the historical performance of the operating assets 
and by comparing 2021 actual data to 2021 budgeted data. Through this, we confirmed that 
the operating assets were generating sufficient EBITDA to fulfil their financial commitments 
and also to upstream dividends. We did not identify any defaults at a project level, except at 
Kaxu where the Group has not fulfilled the conditional waiver before the balance sheet date 
and classified the project debt relating to Kaxu as short-term, as described in Note 1. 
Considering the project debt is non-recourse to the Group, we concluded that there is no 
impact to the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. Furthermore, we have inspected 

 
 
 
 
the terms of other project and corporate debts to understand whether the default in Kaxu 
would trigger any cross-default event. We confirmed that it does not trigger any other cross-
default event.  

•  We recalculated the Group’s performance against financial covenants as at 31 December 
2021 to ensure that covenant testing had been performed correctly in accordance with the 
Group’s agreements with debtholders. We also recalculated the Group’s forecasted 
performance against the covenant ratios in the going concern period in order to assess its 
future ability to comply. 

•  We assessed the corporate cash flow forecast and considered the appropriateness of the key 

assumptions, inputs and methods used to calculate it.  

•  We performed reverse stress testing to determine what would be the corporate cash shortfall 
in case no dividends were received from the operating subsidiaries, which is the main source 
of operating cash flows at the corporate level throughout the going concern period. This 
exercise also included considering mitigating factors which are within the Board of Directors’ 
control that could be implemented in a very short time to prevent or mitigate any cash shortfall 
during the going concern period.  

•  We read the Group’s going concern disclosures included in the annual report to assess that 

the disclosures were appropriate and in conformity with the reporting standards. 

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to 
events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group and 
parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of 16 months from when the 
financial statements are authorised for issue 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are 
described in the relevant sections of this report.  However, because not all future events or conditions 
can be predicted, this statement is not a guarantee as to the group’s ability to continue as a going 
concern. 

Overview of our audit approach 

Audit scope 

•  We performed an audit of the complete financial information of 5 

components and audit procedures on specific balances for a further 23 
components. In addition, we selected 7 components where we performed 
specified procedures. 

•  The components where we performed full or specific audit procedures 

accounted for 90% of Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and 
amortization (EBITDA), 82% of Revenue and 87% of Total assets. 

Recoverability assessment of contracted concessional assets 

•  Overall group materiality of $21m which represents 2.5% of Group 

Adjusted EBITDA 

Key audit 
matters 

Materiality 

An overview of the scope of the parent company and group audits  

Tailoring the scope 

 
 
 
 
 
Our assessment of audit risk, our evaluation of materiality and our allocation of performance 
materiality determine our audit scope for each company within the Group.  Taken together, this 
enables us to form an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We take into account size, risk 
profile, the organisation of the group and effectiveness of group-wide controls, changes in the 
business environment and other factors such as recent internal audit results when assessing the level 
of work to be performed at each company. 

In assessing the risk of material misstatement to the Group financial statements, and to ensure we 
had adequate quantitative coverage of significant accounts in the financial statements, of the 91 
reporting components of the Group, we selected 35 components covering entities within the UK, 
Spain, Mexico, USA, Peru, South Africa, Uruguay and Luxembourg, which represent the principal 
business units within the Group. 

Of the 35 components selected, we performed an audit of the complete financial information of 5 
components (“full scope components”) which were selected based on their size or risk characteristics. 
For 23 components (“specific scope components”), we performed audit procedures on specific 
accounts within that component that we considered had the potential for the greatest impact on the 
significant accounts in the financial statements either because of the size of these accounts or their 
risk profile. For the remaining 7 components (“specified procedures components”), we performed 
procedures at the component level that were specified by the group engagement team in response to 
specific risk factors.  

The reporting components where we performed audit procedures accounted for 90% (2020: 86% of 
the Group’s EBIT) of the Group’s EBITDA, 82% (2020: 90%) of the Group’s revenue and 87% (2020: 
67%) of the Group’s total assets. For the current year, the full scope components contributed 50% 
(2020: 31% of the Group’s EBIT) of the Group’s EBITDA, 40% (2020: 37%) of the Group’s revenue 
and 43% (2020: 40%) of the Group’s total assets. The specific scope component contributed 40% 
(2020: 49% of the Group EBIT) of the Group’s EBITDA, 42% (2020: 50%) of the Group’s revenue and 
44% (2020: 46%) of the Group’s total assets. The audit scope of these components may not have 
included testing of all significant accounts of the component but will have contributed to the coverage 
of significant accounts tested for the Group. We also instructed 7 locations to perform specified 
procedures over the US tax restructuring, new project debt facilities and an existing corporate debt 
facility. 

Of the remaining 56 components that together represent 10% of the Group’s EBITDA, none are 
individually greater than 2% of the Group’s EBITDA.  For these components, we performed other 
procedures, including analytical review, testing of consolidation journals and intercompany 
eliminations and foreign currency translation recalculations to respond to any potential risks of material 
misstatement to the Group financial statements. 

The charts below illustrate the coverage obtained from the work performed by our audit teams. 

EBITDA

50% Full
scope
components

40% Specific
scope
components

10% Other
procedures

Revenue

40% Full
scope
components

42% Specific
scope
components

18% Other
procedures

 
 
 
                 
 
Total assets

43% Full
scope
components

44% Specific
scope
components

13% Other
procedures

Changes from the prior year  
The approach to audit scope is similar to the prior year audit with the addition of 1 full scope, 2 specific 
scope and 4 specified procedures components in response to specific risk factors and also certain 
specific scope components to introduce a level of unpredictability through rotational testing. 

Integrated team structure 
The overall audit strategy is determined by the UK Senior Statutory Auditor, Stephney Dallmann, and 
the Spanish Senior Auditor, Ambrosio Arroyo Fernandez-Rañada. Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure 
plc Group is based in the UK. However, due to the structure of the Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure 
plc ownership, the primary audit team includes members from both the UK and Spain. Members of the 
primary audit team in both jurisdictions worked together as an integrated team. During the current 
year’s audit cycle, a visit was undertaken by the by the UK Senior Statutory Auditor to the Spanish 
primary audit team members in Spain. The visit involved discussing the audit approach with the 
Spanish primary audit team members and any issues arising from the audit work, attending closing 
meetings, and discussing relevant audit working papers on risk areas. The UK primary audit team 
members interacted regularly with the Spanish primary audit team members throughout the audit, 
reviewed relevant working papers and were responsible for the scope and direction of the audit 
process. This, together with the additional procedures performed at Group level, gave us appropriate 
evidence for our opinion on the Group financial statements. 

Involvement with component teams  
In establishing our overall approach to the Group audit, we determined the type of work that needed to 
be undertaken at each of the components by us, as the primary audit engagement team, or by 
component auditors from other EY global network firms operating under our instruction. On the full 
scope component, audit procedures were performed directly by the primary audit team. For the 23 
specific scope components, where the work was performed by component auditors, we determined 
the appropriate level of involvement to enable us to determine that sufficient audit evidence had been 
obtained as a basis for our opinion on the Group as a whole. 

The Group audit team intended to complete site visits to the component teams in the UK, Spain, 
Mexico, the United States, South Africa, Peru and Uruguay. Following the outbreak of COVID-19 and 
guidance issued by the governments, it was not possible to complete the planned visits. We therefore 
completed the site visits virtually through the use of video or teleconferencing facilities. These virtual 
visits involved discussing the audit approach with the component teams and any issues arising from 
their work, attending planning and closing meetings reviewing key audit working papers on risk areas 
and meeting with local management. There was no decrease in the extent of interactions with local 
management and the heads of relevant business functions. The primary team interacted regularly with 
the component teams where appropriate during various stages of the audit, reviewed key working 
papers and were responsible for the scope and direction of the audit process. This, together with the 
additional procedures performed at Group level, gave us appropriate evidence for our opinion on the 
Group financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Climate change  

There has been increasing interest from stakeholders as to how climate change will impact the Group. 
The Group has determined that the most significant future impacts from climate change on their 
operations will be from acute and chronic physical risk and transition risk from emerging regulations. 
These are explained on pages 36 - 38 in the principal risks and uncertainties, which form part of the 
“Other information,” rather than the audited financial statements. Our procedures on these disclosures 
therefore consisted solely of considering whether they are materially inconsistent with the financial 
statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit or otherwise appear to be materially 
misstated.   

As explained in Note 6 to the financial statements, the Group has concluded that the recent 
development in the Energy and Climate Policy Framework adopted by Spain in 2020 is expected to 
have deep transformation of the electricity sector in Spain and would reduce the market price of 
electricity in the mid- to long-term period. The Group has reduced the useful life of the CSP plants in 
Spain from 35 years to 25 years after COD to take into account the expected effect of long-term price 
evolution and technology changes. 

Our audit effort in considering climate change was focused on ensuring that the effects of material 
climate risks disclosed in Note 6 have been appropriately reflected in asset values and associated 
disclosures where values are determined through modelling future cash flows, being contracted 
concessional assets, and in the timing and nature of liabilities recognised, being dismantling provision. 
We also challenged the Directors’ considerations of climate change in their assessment of going 
concern and associated disclosures.  

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in 
our audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed 
risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified. These matters included 
those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the 
audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context 
of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in our opinion thereon, and we do not provide 
a separate opinion on these matters. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key observations 
communicated to the Audit 
Committee  

Based on the audit procedures 
performed, we conclude that the 
review of the impairment 
indicators assessment 
performed by management is 
appropriate.  

For Solana (US Asset), an 
impairment charge was 
identified by management and 
recorded for $43 million. Based 
on the evidence obtained and 
the audit procedures performed, 
we consider that the impairment 
charge is fairly stated. 

We conclude that the related 
disclosures as per IAS 36 are 
appropriately presented in the 
financial statements. 

Risk 

Our response to the risk 

Recoverability assessment of 
contracted concessional 
assets ($8,021 million value of 
risk, PY comparative $8,155 
million) 

Refer to the Audit Committee 
Report (section 8 pages 15 and 
16); Accounting policies (Note 2 
of the Consolidated Financial 
Statements page 160); and Note 
6 of the Consolidated Financial 
Statements (page 188).

As described in Note 6 to the 
consolidated financial 
statements, the Group has 
recorded “contracted 
concessional” assets of $8,021 
million at December 31, 2021, 
which are primarily classified as 
intangible assets or financial 
assets depending on the nature 
of the payment entitlements 
established in the respective 
agreements. Revenue derived 
from the Group's contracted 
concessional assets are 
governed by power purchase 
agreements (“PPAs”) with the 
Group's customers or by 
regulation.

As described in Note 2 to the 
consolidated financial 
statements, the Group reviews 
its contracted concessional 
assets for impairment indicators 
whenever events or changes in 
circumstances indicate that the 
carrying amounts of the assets 
or group of assets may not be 
recoverable, or  previous 
impairment losses are no longer 
adequate.

As discussed in Note 6, 
management identified triggering 
events at the Solana asset 
located in the United States (the 
“Solana US Asset”) and

We obtained an understanding, 
evaluated the design and tested 
the operating effectiveness of 
controls over the Group’s 
contracted concessional assets 
recoverability assessment 
process. For example, we 
tested controls over 
management’s identification of 
potential impairment indicators, 
as well as controls over the 
determination of significant 
assumptions used in the Solana 
US Asset impairment 
calculation, including, among 
others, the discount rates and 
underlying projections used in 
the Group’s impairment. 
assessment. 

To test the Group’s impairment 
indicators assessment for 
contracted concessional assets, 
our audit procedures included, 
among others, comparing actual 
energy production versus 
budget and assessing the 
effects of any identified changes 
to regulation impacting 
significant locations. 

For the Solana US Asset, we 
evaluated the design and tested 
the operating effectiveness of 
controls over the current year 
impairment calculation, 
including management’s review 
of the significant assumptions 
used. 

As part of our audit procedures 
on the Solana US Asset, we 
assessed the appropriateness 
of the main inputs used in the 
cash flow projections, by 
comparing the future estimated 
performance of the asset to its 
historical energy production and 
evaluating the consistency of 
the actual energy production 
versus budget for 2021. As an 
additional procedure, we 
engaged an external specialist, 

 
 
 
 
Risk 

Our response to the risk 

Key observations 
communicated to the Audit 
Committee  

an independent engineer, to 
assess the reasonableness of 
the forecast energy production 
volume in Solana US Asset. For 
the discount rate, we involved 
our valuation specialists to 
assist us in calculating and 
developing a range of discount 
rates, which we compared to 
those used by the Group.  

We assessed the adequacy of 
the related disclosures in the 
Group’s financial statements, 
including the sensitivity 
analyses on the energy 
production and discount rate 
assumptions. 

recorded a $43 million 
impairment charge in 2021. 

Auditing the Group’s 
recoverability assessment 
related to the contracted 
concessional assets involves 
significant judgement in 
determining whether impairment 
indicator existed and, if an 
indicator exists, in the 
assumptions used by 
management in the 
determination of whether an 
impairment should be recorded 
or reversed. 

The main inputs considered 
when evaluating for impairment 
indicators include the 
performance of the plants versus 
budget and changes in 
applicable regulations. The 
significant assumptions which 
require substantial judgement or 
estimation used in the 
impairment calculations of the 
Solana US Asset are discount 
rates and projections 
considering real data based on 
contract terms and projected 
changes in both selling prices 
and costs.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our application of materiality 

We apply the concept of materiality in planning and performing the audit, in evaluating the effect of 
identified misstatements on the audit and in forming our audit opinion.   

Materiality 
The magnitude of an omission or misstatement that, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably 
be expected to influence the economic decisions of the users of the financial statements. Materiality 
provides a basis for determining the nature and extent of our audit procedures. 

We determined materiality for the Group to be $21 million (2020: $21 million), which is 2.5% (2020: 5% 
of EBIT) of Adjusted EBITDA. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides us with best assessment of 
the requirements of the users of the financial statements. 

We determined materiality for the Parent Company to be $30 million (2020: $29 million), which is 2% 
(2020: 2%) of Equity. 

Performance materiality 
The application of materiality at the individual account or balance level.  It is set at an amount to 
reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected 
misstatements exceeds materiality. 

On the basis of our risk assessments, together with our assessment of the Group’s overall control 
environment, our judgement was that performance materiality was 75% (2020: 75%) of our planning 
materiality, namely $16m (2020: $17m).  We have set performance materiality at this percentage 
having considered the nature, the number and the impact of audit differences identified in 2020 as well 
as the overall control environment. 

Audit work at component locations for the purpose of obtaining audit coverage over significant 
financial statement accounts is undertaken based on a percentage of total performance materiality. 
The performance materiality set for each component is based on the relative scale and risk of the 
component to the Group as a whole and our assessment of the risk of misstatement at that 
component.  In the current year, the range of performance materiality allocated to components was 
$2m to $5m (2020: $2m to $7m).  

Reporting threshold 
An amount below which identified misstatements are considered as being clearly trivial. 

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them all uncorrected audit differences in 
excess of $1m (2020: $1m), which is set at 5% of planning materiality, as well as differences below 
that threshold that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds.  

We evaluate any uncorrected misstatements against both the quantitative measures of materiality 
discussed above and in light of other relevant qualitative considerations in forming our opinion. 

Other information  

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report set out on pages 1 to 
135, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon.  The directors are 
responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. 

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent 
otherwise explicitly stated in this report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  

Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other 
information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the 
course of the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material 

 
 
 
inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives 
rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have 
performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of the other information, we are required 
to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion, the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be audited has been properly prepared 
in accordance with the Companies Act 2006. 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

• 

• 

the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for 
which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and  

the strategic report and directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 
requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its 
environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the 
strategic report or the directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 
2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 
•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for 

• 

our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 
the parent company financial statements and the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be 
audited are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 
• 
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit 

Responsibilities of directors 
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 129, the directors 
are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a 
true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the 
preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or 
error.  

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group and parent 
company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate 
the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements  
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that 
an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it 
exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on 
the basis of these financial statements.   

Explanation as to what extent the audit was considered capable of detecting 
irregularities, including fraud 

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design 
procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect irregularities, including fraud. The 
risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one 
resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery or 
intentional misrepresentations, or through collusion. The extent to which our procedures are capable 
of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below. However, the primary responsibility for the 
prevention and detection of fraud rests with both those charged with governance of the company and 
management.  

•  We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that are applicable to 
the group and determined that the most significant are those that relate to the reporting 
framework (IFRS, FRS 101 and the Companies Act 2006), the relevant tax compliance 
regulations in the jurisdictions in which the Group operates, Anti-Money Laundering 
Regulation and General Data Protection Regulation. In addition, the Group is subject to the 
laws and regulations set forth by both the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and 
the National Association of Securities Automated Quotations (“NASDAQ”). Also, the Group 
operates in a number of regulated markets; it is subject to extensive regulations from the 
national regulatory authorities in the jurisdictions it operates in, as well as additional 
regulations at a state, regional and local level in certain countries, including Spain, Mexico, 
Peru and the United States.  

•  We understood how Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc is complying with those 

frameworks by making enquiries of management, internal audit and those responsible for legal 
and compliance procedures. We corroborated our enquiries through our review of Board 
minutes, papers provided to the Audit Committee and correspondence received from 
regulatory or licensing authorities. We noted that there was no contradictory evidence.  

•  We assessed the susceptibility of the group’s financial statements to material misstatement, 
including how fraud might occur by meeting with management within various parts of the 
business to understand where they considered there was susceptibility to fraud. We also 
considered performance targets and their influence on efforts made by management to 
manage earnings or influence the perceptions of analysts. Where the risk was considered to 
be higher, we performed audit procedures to address each identified fraud risk. These 
procedures included performing substantive testing procedures over revenue recognition, 
testing manual journals and involving our internal specialists to review key management 
estimates (such as the recoverability of contracted concessional assets and fair value 
estimates). These procedures were designed to provide reasonable assurance that the 
financial statements were free from fraud or error.  

•  Based on this understanding we designed our audit procedures to identify non-compliance 

with such laws and regulations. Our procedures involved a review of board minutes to identify 
any non-compliance, a review of reporting to the Audit Committee on compliance with 
regulations and enquiries with management, internal audit and the legal and compliance 
department. 

•  The Group owns and manages renewable energy, efficient natural gas, transmission and 

transportation infrastructure and water assets which operate in a regulated environment. We 
have obtained an understanding of the regulations and the potential impact of these on the 
Group. In assessing the control environment, we have considered the compliance of the 
Group with these regulations as part of our audit procedures, which included a review of 
correspondence received from the regulators where this was received. In addition, revenues 
derived from the Group’s contracted concessional assets are governed by power purchase 

 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statement 

Consolidated Income Statement 

      Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars 

Revenue 
Other operating income 
Employee benefit expenses 
Depreciation, amortization, and impairment charges 
Other operating expenses 

Operating profit 

Financial income 
Financial expense 
Net exchange differences 
Other financial income, net 

Note (1) 

For the year ended December 31, 

4 
20 
24 
6 
20 

21 
21 
21 
21 

2021 

1,211,749 
74,670 
(78,758) 
(439,441) 
(414,330) 

2020 

1,013,260 
99,525 
(54,464) 
(408,604) 
(276,666) 

353,890 

373,051 

2,755 
(361,270) 
1,873 
15,750 

7,052 
(378,386) 
(1,351) 
40,875 

Financial expense, net 

(340,892) 

(331,810) 

Share of profit of associates carried under the equity 
method 

7 

12,304 

510 

Profit before income tax 

25,302 

41,751 

Income tax expense 

18 

(36,220)  

(24,877) 

Profit/(loss) for the year 

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests 

Profit/(loss) for the year attributable to owners of the 
Company 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding 
(thousands) - basic 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding 
(thousands) - diluted 

Basic earnings per share (U.S. dollar per share) 

Diluted earnings per share (U.S. dollar per share) 

(10,918) 

(19,162) 

16,874 

(4,906) 

(30,080) 

11,968 

22 

22 

22 

22 

111,008 

114,523 

(0.27) 

(0.26) 

101,879 

103,392 

0.12 

0.12 

 (1)  Notes 1 to 26 are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements  

148 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income 

Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars 

Note (1) 

Year 
Ended 
December 
31, 2021 

Year 
Ended 
December 31, 
2020 

Profit /(loss) for the year 

(10,918) 

16,874 

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or 
loss: 

Change in fair value of cash flow hedges 
Less: reclassification adjustments for gains transferred to 
profit or loss 

9 

33,846 

58,292 

(26,272) 

58,381 

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 

(41,956) 

(9,947) 

Income tax relating to items that may be reclassified 
subsequently to profit or loss 

(23,712) 

(8,698) 

Other comprehensive income for the year net of tax 

26,470 

13,464 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

15,552 

30,338 

Total comprehensive income attributable to: 

Owners of the Company 
Non-controlling interests 

966 
14,586 

25,711 
4,627 

(1) 

Notes 1 to 26 are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements 

149 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Consolidated Balance Sheet 

Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars 

Note (1) 

Assets 
Non-current assets 

Contracted concessional assets 
Investments carried under the equity method 
Financial investments 
Deferred tax assets 

Total non-current assets 

Current assets 

Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Financial investments 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

Total assets 

Equity  

Share capital 
Share premium 
Capital reserves 
Other reserves 
Accumulated currency translation reserve 
Accumulated deficit 

       Equity attributable to the Company 

Non-controlling interests 

Total equity 

Non-current liabilities 

Long-term corporate debt 
Long-term project debt 
Grants and other liabilities 
Derivative liabilities 
Deferred tax liabilities 

Total non-current liabilities 

Current liabilities 

Short-term corporate debt 
Short-term project debt 
Trade payables and other current liabilities 
Income and other tax payables 

Total current liabilities 

Total equity and liabilities 

6 
7 
8 
18 

11 
8 
12 

13 
13 
13 
9 
  13 
13 
13 
13 

14 
15 
16 
9 
18 

14 
15 
17 

(1)  Notes 1 to 26 are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 

150 

As of 
December 
31, 2021 

As of 
December 
31, 2020 

8,021,568 
294,581 
96,608 
172,268 
8,585,025 

8,155,418 
116,614 
89,754 
152,290 
8,514,076 

29,694 
307,143 
207,379 
622,689 
1,166,905 

23,958 
331,735 
200,084 
868,501 
1,424,278 

9,751,930 

9,938,354 

11,240 
872,011 
1,020,027 
171,272 
(133,450) 
(398,701) 
1,542,399 
206,206 
1,748,605 

995,190 
4,387,674 
1,263,744 
223,453 
308,859 
7,178,920 

27,881 
648,519 
113,907 
34,098 
824,405 

10,667 
1,011,743 
881,745 
96,641 
(99,925) 
(373,489) 
1,527,382 
213,499 
1,740,881 

970,077 
4,925,268 
1,229,767 
328,184 
260,923 
7,714,219 

23,648 
312,346 
92,557 
54,703 
483,254 

9,751,930 

9,938,354 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  plc,  company 
registration no. 08818211, were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 25 
February 2022. 

They were signed on its behalf by: 

Director and Chief Executive Officer 

Chief Financial Officer 

Santiago Seage 

February 25, 2022 

Francisco Martinez-Davis 

February 25, 2022

151 

 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Amounts in thousands of 
U.S. dollars 

Share 
Capital 

Share 
Premium 

Capital 
Reserves 

Other 
reserves 

Accumulated 
deficit 

Accumulated 
currency 
translation 
differences 

Total equity 
attributable 
to the 
Company 

Non-
controlling 
interest 

Total 
equity 

Balance as of January 1, 
2021 

Profit/(Loss) for the year 
after taxes 

Change in fair value of cash 
flow hedges  

Currency translation 
differences 

Tax effect 

Other comprehensive 
income 

Total comprehensive 
income 

10,667

1,011,743 

881,745 

96,641 

(99,925)

(373,489) 

1,527,382 

213,499 

1,740,881 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

97,421 

- 

- 

- 

(33,525) 

(22,790) 

- 

(30,080) 

(30,080) 

19,162 

(10,918) 

(10,060) 

87,361 

4,777 

92,138 

- 

- 

(33,525) 

(8,431) 

(41,956) 

(22,790) 

(922) 

(23,712) 

74,631 

(33,525) 

(10,060) 

31,046 

(4,576) 

26,470 

74,631 

(33,525) 

(40,140) 

966 

14,586 

15,552 

Capital increase (Note 13) 

573 

60,268 

128,920 

Reduction of Share 
Premium (Note 13) 

Business Combinations 
(Note 5) 

Share-based 
compensation (Note 13) 

Distributions (Note 13) 

Balance as of December 
31,2021 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(200,000) 

200,000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(190,638) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

189,761 

- 

- 

- 

- 

189,761 

- 

8,287 

8,287 

14,928 

14,928 

- 

14,928 

- 

(190,638) 

(30,166) 

(220,804) 

11,240

872,011 

1,020,027 

171,272 

(133,450)

(398,701) 

1,542,399 

206,206 

1,748,605 

152 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Balance as of January 1, 
2020 

Profit for the year after 
taxes 

Change in fair value of cash 
flow hedges  

Currency translation 
differences 

Tax effect 

Other comprehensive 
income 

Total comprehensive 
income 

Capital increase (Note 
13) 

Business Combinations 
(Note 5) 

Distributions (Note 13) 

Balance as of December 
31, 2020 

10,160 

1,011,743 

889,057 

73,797 

(90,824) 

(385,457) 

1,508,476 

206,380 

1,714,856 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

507 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

31,353 

- 

- 

- 

(9,101) 

(8,509) 

22,844 

- 

(9,101) 

11,968 

11,968 

4,906 

16,874 

- 

- 

- 

- 

31,353 

756 

32,109 

(9,101) 

(846) 

(9,947) 

(8,509) 

13,743 

(189) 

(279) 

(8,698) 

13,464 

22,844 

(9,101) 

11,968 

25,711 

4,627 

30,338 

161,347 

- 

(168,659) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

161,854 

- 

161,854 

- 

25,308 

25,308 

(168,659) 

(22,816) 

(191,475) 

10,667

1,011,743 

881,745 

96,641 

(99,925)

(373,489) 

1,527,382 

213,499 

1,740,881 

 (1)  Notes 1 to 26 are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements

153 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 
Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars 

Profit/(loss) for the year 

For the year ended  

Note (1) 

2021 

2020 

(10,918) 

16,874 

Non-monetary adjustments 

Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges 
Financial (income)/expense 
Fair value (gains)/losses on derivative financial instruments 
Shares of (profits)/losses from associates 
Income tax 
Other non-monetary items 

6 
   21 
   21 
7 
18 

439,441 
359,550 
(16,785) 
(12,304) 
36,220 
55,809 

408,604 
315,151 
15,308 
(510) 
24,877 
(21,633) 

Profit/(loss) for the year adjusted by non-monetary items 

851,013 

758,671 

Changes in working capital 

Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Trade payables and other current liabilities 
Financial investments and other current assets/liabilities 

11 
17 

Changes in working capital 

Income tax received/(paid) 
Interest received 
Interest paid 

Net cash provided by operating activities 

Acquisitions of subsidiaries and entities under the equity method 
Investments in contracted concessional assets * 
Distribution from entities under the equity method  
Other non-current assets/liabilities 

 5&7 
6 
7 

5,215 
48,521 
(25,782) 
(31,081) 

(4,590) 
(790) 
(9,771) 
(18,061) 

(3,127) 

(33,212) 

(51,684) 
2,519 
(293,098) 

(16,425) 
5,148 
(275,961) 

505,623 

438,221 

(362,449) 
(24,682) 
34,883 
1,093 

2,453 
(1,361) 
22,246 
(29,198) 

Net cash used in investing activities 

(351,155) 

(5,860) 

Proceeds from project debt 
Proceeds from corporate debt 
Repayment of project debt 
Repayment of corporate debt 
Dividends paid to Company´s shareholders 
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest 
Purchase of Liberty Interactive´s equity interest in Solana 
Capital increase 

15 
14 
15 
14 
13 
13 
1 
13 

14,560 
429,014 
(418,265) 
(376,154) 
(190,638) 
(28,134) 
- 
189,454 

603,949 
678,651 
(621,691) 
(502,042) 
(168,659) 
(22,944) 
(266,850) 
162,246 

Net cash used in financing activities 

(380,163) 

(137,340) 

Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

(225,695) 

295,021 

                Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year 

12 

Translation differences cash and cash equivalents 

868,501 
(20,117) 

562,795 
10,685 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

   12 

622,689 

868,501 

* 

Includes proceeds for $20.5 million and $7.4 million in 2021 and 2020 respectively (Note 6). 

(1) 

Notes 1 to 26 are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

154 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements  

1.  General information 

Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  plc  (“Atlantica”  or  the  “Company”)  is  a  sustainable 
infrastructure  company  with  a  majority  of  its  business  in  renewable  energy  assets.  Atlantica 
currently  owns,  manages  and  invests  in  renewable  energy,  storage,  efficient  natural  gas and 
heat, electric transmission lines and water assets focused on North America (the United States, 
Canada and  Mexico),  South  America  (Peru,  Chile,  Colombia  and  Uruguay)  and  EMEA  (Spain, 
Italy, Algeria and South Africa). 

Atlantica’s shares trade on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “AY”. 

Algonquin Power & Utilities Corp. (“Algonquin”) is the largest shareholder of the Company and 
owns a 43.6% stake in Atlantica as of December 31, 2021. Algonquin’s voting rights and rights 
to appoint directors are limited to 41.5% and the difference between Algonquin´s ownership 
and 41.5% will vote replicating non-Algonquin’s shareholders’ vote. 

During the year 2020, the Company completed the following acquisitions: 

-  On April 3, 2020, the Company made an initial investment in the creation of a renewable 
energy  platform  in  Chile,  together  with  financial  partners,  where  it  owns  an 
approximately 35% stake and has a strategic investor role. The first investment was the 
acquisition of a 55 MW solar PV plant (“Chile PV 1”). The Company’s initial contribution 
was approximately $4 million. In addition, on January 6, 2021, the Company closed its 
second investment through the platform with the acquisition of a 40 MW solar PV plant 
(“Chile PV 2”). The total equity investment for this new asset was approximately $5.0 
million. The platform intends to make further investments in renewable energy in Chile 
and sign Power Purchase Agreements (“PPAs” ) with credit worthy off-takers. 

- 

In January 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with Abengoa (references to 
“Abengoa”  refer  to  Abengoa,  S.A.,  together  with  its  subsidiaries,  or  Abenewco1,  S.A. 
together with its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires) for the acquisition 
of a 51% stake in Tenes, a water desalination plant in Algeria. Closing of the acquisition 
was subject to certain conditions precedent, which were not fulfilled. On May 31, 2020, 
the Company entered into a new agreement, which provided the Company with certain 
additional decision rights, including the right to appoint the majority of directors of the 
board of Befesa Agua Tenes, and therefore controls the asset. 

-  On August 17, 2020, the Company closed the acquisition of Liberty Interactive’s equity 
interest in Solana. Liberty Interactive was the tax equity investor in the Solana project. 
The total equity investment is expected to be up to $285 million of which $272 million 
has already been paid. 

In January 2021 the Company closed the acquisition of 42.5% of the equity of Rioglass Solar 
Holding S.A. (“Rioglass”) a supplier of spare parts and services to the solar industry, increasing 
its stake to 57.5%. In addition, on July 22, 2021 the Company exercised the option to acquire 
the  remaining  stake  of  42.5%.  The  investment  made  in  2021  to  acquire  the  additional  85% 
equity, resulting in a 100% ownership, was approximately $17.1 million (Note 5). 

155 

 
On April 7, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of Coso, a 135 MW renewable asset in 
California. Coso is the third largest geothermal plant in the United States and provides base 
load renewable energy to the California Independent System Operator (California ISO). It has 
PPAs  signed  with  an  18-year  average  contract  life.  The  total  equity  investment  was 
approximately  $130  million  (Note 5).  In  addition,  on  July 15, 2021,  the Company  repaid  $40 
million of project debt. 

On  May  14,  2021,  the  Company  closed  the  acquisition  of  Calgary  District  Heating,  a  district 
heating  asset  of  approximately  55  MWt  in  Canada  for  a  total  equity  investment  of 
approximately $22.7 million (Note 5). Calgary District Heating has been in operation since 2010 
and provides heating services to a diverse range of government, institutional and commercial 
customers in the city of Calgary. 

On June 16, 2021, the Company acquired a 49% interest in a 596 MW portfolio of wind assets 
in  the  United  States  (Vento  II)  for  a  total  equity  investment  net  of  cash  consolidated  at  the 
transaction date of approximately $180.7 million (Note 7). EDP Renewables owns the remaining 
51%. The assets have PPAs with investment grade off-takers with five-year average remaining 
contract life at the time of the investment. 

On August 6, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of Italy PV1 and Italy PV2, two solar PV 
plants in Italy with a combined capacity of 3.7 MW for a total equity investment of $9 million 
(Note 5). Italy PV1 and Italy PV2 have regulated revenues under a feed in tariff until 2030 and 
2031, respectively.  

On November 25, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of La Sierpe, a 20 MW solar PV 
plant in Colombia for a total equity investment of approximately $23.5 million. The asset was 
acquired under a Right of First Offer (“ROFO”) agreement with Liberty GES. The Company also 
acquired two additional solar projects in Colombia which are currently in construction with a 
combined capacity of approximately 30 MW, la Tolua and Tierra Linda. 

On December 14, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of Italy PV 3, a 2.5 MW solar PV 
portfolio  in  Italy  for  a  total  equity  investment  of  approximately  $4  million.  Italy  PV  3  has 
regulated revenues under a feed in tariff until 2032. 

The following table provides an overview of the main concessional assets the Company owned 
or had an interest in as of December 31, 2021:

156 

 
Assets 

Type  Ownership Location Currency(9) 

(Gross) 

Credit Ratings(10)  COD* 

Remaining(16) 

Capacity 

Counterparty 

Contract 

Years 

22 

18 

17 

6 

6 

4 

1 

Solana 

Mojave 

Coso 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Renewable 
(Geothermal
) 

100% 

100% 

Arizona 
(USA) 

California 
(USA) 

100% 

California 
(USA) 

USD 

280 MW 

BBB+/A3/BBB
+ 

2013 

USD 

280 MW  BB-/ -- /BB 

2014 

USD 

135 MW  Investment Grade(11) 

1987-
1989 

Elkhorn Valley 

Prairie Star 

Twin Groves II 

Lone Star II 

Chile PV 1 

Chile PV 2 

La Sierpe 

Palmatir 

Cadonal 

Melowind 

Mini-Hydro 

Solaben 2 & 3 

Solacor 1 & 2 

PS10 & PS20 

Renewable 
(Wind) 

Renewable 
(Wind) 

Renewable 
(Wind) 

Renewable 
(Wind) 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Renewable 
(Wind) 

Renewable 
(Wind) 

Renewable 
(Wind) 

Renewable 
(Hydraulic) 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Oregon 
(USA) 

Minnesota 
(USA) 

Illinois 
(USA) 

Texas 
(USA) 

49% 

49% 

49% 

49% 

USD 

101 MW 

BBB/A3/-- 

2007 

USD 

101 MW 

--/A3/A- 

2007 

USD 

198 MW 

BBB-/Baa2/-- 

2008 

USD 

196 MW 

Not rated 

2008 

35%(1) 

Chile 

USD 

55 MW 

N/A 

2016 

N/A 

35%(1) 

Chile 

USD 

40 MW 

Not rated 

2017 

100%  Colombia  COP 

20 MW 

Not rated 

2021 

100%  Uruguay 

USD 

50 MW 

100%  Uruguay 

USD 

50 MW 

BBB/Baa2/BBB-
(12) 

BBB/Baa2/BBB-
(12) 

2014 

2014 

100%  Uruguay 

USD 

50 MW  BBB/Baa2/BBB- 

2015 

100% 

Peru 

USD 

4 MW  BBB+/Baa1/BBB 

2012 

9 

14 

12 

13 

14 

11 

70%(2) 

Spain 

Euro 

87%(3) 

Spain 

Euro 

2x50 
MW 

2x50 
MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2012 

16/16 

A/Baa1/A- 

2012 

15/15 

100% 

Spain 

Euro 

31 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2007&2009 

10/12 

Helioenergy 1 
& 2 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Helios 1 & 2 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Solnova 1, 3 & 
4 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

100% 

Spain 

Euro 

100% 

Spain 

Euro 

100% 

Spain 

Euro 

2x50 
MW 

2x50 
MW 

3x50 
MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2011 

15/15 

A/Baa1/A- 

2012 

15/16 

A/Baa1/A- 

2010 

13/13/14 

157 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Solaben 1 & 6 

Seville PV 

Italy PV 1 

Italy PV 2 

Italy PV 3 

Kaxu 

Calgary 

ACT 

Monterrey 

ATN (15) 

ATS 

ATN 2 

Quadra 1 & 2 

Palmucho 

Chile TL3 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Renewable 
(Solar) 

Efficient 
natural gas 
&heat 

Efficient 
natural gas & 
heat 

Efficient 
natural gas 
&heat 

Transmission 
line 

Transmission 
line 

Transmission 
line 

Transmission 
line 

Transmission 
line 

Transmission 
line 

100% 

Spain 

Euro 

2x50 
MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2013 

17/17 

80%(4) 

Spain 

Euro 

1 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2006 

14 

100% 

Italy 

Euro 

1.6 MW  BBB/Baa3/BBB 

2010 

100% 

Italy 

Euro 

2.1 MW  BBB/Baa3/BBB 

2011 

100% 

Italy 

Euro 

2.5 MW  BBB/Baa3/BBB 

2012 

51%(5) 

South 
Africa 

Rand 

100 MW  BB-/Ba2/BB-(13) 

2015 

9 

9 

10 

13 

100% 

Canada 

CAD 

55 MWt 

~41% A+ or 
higher(14) 

2010 

19 

100%  Mexico 

USD 

300 MW  BBB/ Ba3/BB- 

2013 

11 

30%  Mexico 

USD 

142 MW 

Not rated 

2018 

100% 

Peru 

USD 

100% 

Peru 

USD 

379 
miles  BBB+/Baa1/BBB 

569 
miles  BBB+/Baa1/BBB 

2011 

2014 

100% 

Peru 

USD 

81 miles 

Not rated 

2015 

17 

19 

22 

11 

100% 

Chile 

USD 

49 
miles/32 
miles 

Not rated 

2014 

13/13 

100% 

Chile 

USD 

6 miles 

BBB/ -- /A- 

2007 

16 

100% 

Chile 

USD 

50 miles 

A/A1/A- 

1993 

Regulated 

Skikda 

Water 

34.2%(6)  Algeria 

USD 

Honaine 

Water 

25.5%(7)  Algeria 

USD 

Tenes 

Water 

51%(8) 

Algeria 

USD 

3.5 M 
ft3/day 

7 M 
ft3/day 

7 M 
ft3/day 

Not rated 

2009 

12 

Not rated 

2012 

Not rated 

2015 

16 

18 

(1) 

(2) 
(3) 
(4) 
(5) 

65% of the shares in Chile PV 1 and Chile PV 2 are indirectly held by financial partners through the renewable energy 
platform of the Company in Chile. 
Itochu Corporation holds 30% of the shares in each of Solaben 2 and Solaben 3. 
JGC holds 13% of the shares in each of Solacor 1 and Solacor 2. 
Instituto para la Diversificacion y Ahorro de la Energia (“Idae”) holds 20% of the shares in Seville PV. 
Kaxu is owned by the Company (51%), Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa (29%) and Kaxu Community 
Trust (20%). 

(6)  Algerian Energy Company, SPA owns 49% of Skikda and Sacyr Agua, S.L. owns the remaining 16.8%. 

158 

 
 
(7)  Algerian Energy Company, SPA owns 49% of Honaine and Sacyr Agua, S.L. owns the remaining 25.5%. 
(8)  Algerian Energy Company, SPA owns 49% of Tenes. 
(9)  Certain contracts denominated in U.S. dollars are payable in local currency. 
(10)  Reflects the counterparty’s credit ratings issued by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, or S&P, Moody’s Investors Service 

Inc., or Moody’s, and Fitch Ratings Ltd, or Fitch. 

(11)  Refers  to  the  credit  rating  of two  Community  Choice  Aggregators:  Silicon  Valley  Clean  Energy  and  Monterrey  Bar 
Community Power, both with A Rating from S&P and Southern California Public Power Authority. The third off-taker is 
not rated.  

(12)  Refers to the credit rating of Uruguay, as UTE (Administracion Nacional de Usinas y Transmisoras Electricas) is unrated. 
(13)  Refers to the credit rating of the Republic of South Africa. The off-taker is Eskom, which is a state-owned utility company 

in South Africa. 

(14)  Refers to the credit rating of a diversified mix of 22 high credit quality clients (~41% A+  rating or higher, the rest is 

unrated). 
Including ATN Expansion 1 & 2. 

(15) 
(16)  As of December 31, 2021. 
(*) 

Commercial Operation Date 

The Kaxu project financing arrangement contains cross-default provisions related to Abengoa 
such  that  debt  defaults  by  Abengoa,  subject  to  certain  threshold  amounts  and/or  a 
restructuring process, could trigger a default under the Kaxu project financing arrangement. 
The insolvency filing by the individual company Abengoa S.A. in February 2021 represents a 
theoretical event of default under the Kaxu project finance agreement. In September 2021, the 
Company obtained a waiver for such theoretical event of default which was conditional upon 
the replacement of the operation and maintenance supplier of the plant. On February 1, 2022, 
the Company transferred the employees performing the operation and maintenance services 
to an Atlantica subsidiary. The waiver has been extended until April 30, 2022 and is subject to 
the lenders receiving certain documentation from the Company, including formal evidence of 
the approval by the client and the department of energy of South Africa of the operation and 
maintenance  internalization  and  the  Company  is  currently  working  on  obtaining  such 
documentation. Although the Company does not expect the acceleration of debt to be declared 
by the credit entities, as of December 31, 2021 Kaxu did not have what International Accounting 
Standards define as an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the debt for at least twelve 
months, as the cross-default provisions make that right conditional. Therefore, Kaxu total debt 
(Note  15)  has  been  presented  as  current  in  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  of  the 
Company  as  of  December  31,  2021  for  an  amount  of  $315  million,  in  accordance  with 
International Accounting Standards 1 (“IAS 1”), “Presentation of Financial Statements”. 

Outbreak of COVID-19 

The outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) was declared a pandemic by 
the World Health Organization in March 2020 and continues to spread in key markets of the 
Company.  

Main risks and uncertainties identified by the Company, which may affect its business, financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows, are: 

-  COVID-19  can  affect  the  operation  and  maintenance  activities  of  the  Company.  The 
Company  may  experience  delays  in  certain  operation  and  maintenance  activities,  or 
certain activities may take longer than usual. 

-  The rapid increase in demand in 2021 after the slowdown in 2020 caused tensions in 
the supply chains, including delays to obtain some components and increased prices. If 

159 

 
 
the Company was to experience a shortage of or inability to acquire critical spare parts, 
it  could  incur  significant  delays  in  returning  facilities  to  full  operation.  Supply  chain 
tensions  may  also  affect  its  projects  in  development  and  construction  where  the 
Company  can  experience  delays  or an  increase  in  prices  of  equipment  and  materials 
required for the construction of new assets. 

-  The Company could also experience commercial disputes with its clients, suppliers and 
partners  related  to  implications  of  COVID-19  in  contractual  relations.  All  the  risks 
referred to can cause delays in distributions from its assets to the holding company. 

-  Many  governments  have  implemented  and  may  continue  to  implement  stimulus 
measures to reduce the negative impact of COVID-19 in the economy. In many cases, 
these measures may increase government spending which may translate into increased 
tax pressure on companies in the countries where the Company operates. 

Measures taken by the Company so far have focused on reinforcing safety measures in all its 
assets while it continues to provide a reliable service to its clients. For example, the Company 
has implemented the use of additional protection equipment, reinforced access control to its 
plants, reduced contact between employees, changed shifts, tested employees, identified and 
isolated potential cases together with their close contacts and taken additional measures to 
increase  safety  measures  for  its  employees  and  operation  and  maintenance  suppliers’ 
employees  working  at  its  assets.  The  Company  has  also  reinforced  its  physical  and  cyber-
security measures. The Company has implemented protocols to decide which offices to keep 
open and under what limitations, depending on health and safety indicators in each specific 
region.  

COVID-19 did not have any material impact on the business disclosed in these Consolidated 
Financial Statements. 

2.  Significant Accounting Policies  

2.1. Basis of Preparation  

These Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in accordance with the International 
Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards 
Board  (“IASB”)  and  with  the  International  Accounting  Standards  in  conformity  with  the 
requirements of the Companies Act 2006, on a basis consistent with the prior year. 

The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is the Company’s 
functional  and  presentation  currency.  Amounts  included  in  these  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements are all expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated. 

The  Company  presents  assets  and  liabilities  in  the  statement  of financial  position  based  on 
current/non-current classification. An asset or liability is current when it is expected or due to 
be realized within twelve months after the reporting period. 

Application of new accounting standards 

a)  Standards, interpretations and amendments effective from January 1, 2021 under IFRS-
IASB,  applied  by  the  Company  in  the  preparation  of  these  Consolidated  Financial 

160 

 
Statements: 

The  applications  of  these  amendments  have  not  had  any  impact  on  these  financial 
statements. 

Interest Rate Benchmark Reform – Phase 2: Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 
and IFRS 16 

These amendments are mandatory for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 
2021  under  IFRS-IASB.  The  amendments  provide  temporary  reliefs  which  address  the 
financial  reporting  effects  when  an  interbank  offered  rate  (“IBOR”)  is  replaced  with  an 
alternative risk-free interest rate (“RFR”). The amendments include the following practical 
expedients:  

-  A practical expedient to require contractual changes, or changes to cash flows that 
are directly required by the reform, to be treated as changes to a floating interest 
rate, equivalent to a movement in a market rate of interest. 

-  Permit changes required by IBOR reform to be made to hedge designations and 
hedge documentation without the hedging relationship being discontinued. 

The Company intends to use the practical expedients in future periods if they become 
applicable.  

b)  Standards, interpretations and amendments published by the IASB that will be effective 

for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022: 

The Company does not anticipate any significant impact on the Consolidated Financial 
Statements derived from the application of the new standards and amendments that will 
be  effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2021,  although  it  is 
currently still in the process of evaluating such application. 

The Company has not early adopted any standard, interpretation or amendment that has 
been issued but is not yet effective. 

Effect of IBOR reform 

Following the financial crisis, the reform and replacement of benchmark interest rates such as 
LIBOR  and  other  IBORs  has  become  a  priority  for  global  regulators.  There  remains  some 
uncertainty around the timing and precise nature of these changes. The Company currently has 
several contracts which reference LIBOR and extend beyond 2021. These contracts are disclosed 
within the tables below. 

It is currently expected that alternative RFRs will replace LIBOR. There remain key differences 
between LIBOR and RFRs. LIBOR is a ‘term rate’, which means that it is published for a borrowing 
period (such as three months or six months) and is ‘forward looking’, because it is published at 
the  beginning  of  the  borrowing  period.  RFRs  may  be  based  on  overnight  rates  from  actual 
transactions and published at the end of the overnight borrowing period. Furthermore, LIBOR 
includes  a  credit  spread  over  the  risk-free  rate,  which  RFRs  currently  may  not.  To  transition 
existing  contracts  and  agreements  that  reference  LIBOR  to  RFRs,  adjustments  for  term 
differences  and  credit  differences  might  need  to  be  applied  to  RFRs,  to  enable  the  two 
benchmark rates to be economically equivalent on transition. At the time of reporting, industry 

161 

 
working groups are reviewing methodologies for calculating adjustments between LIBOR and 
RFRs. 

Risks arising from the transition relate principally to the potential impact of rate differences if 
the debt and related hedging instruments do not transition to the new benchmark interest rate 
at  the  same  time  and/or  the  rates  move  by  different  amounts.  This  could  result  in  hedge 
ineffectiveness and a net cash expense to the Company as a result of the IBOR transition. 

The following table contains details of the financial instruments that the Company holds as of 
December 31, 2021 which reference LIBOR and have not yet transitioned to RFRs: 

Non-derivative assets and liabilities referenced to LIBOR 
Measured at amortized cost 
Project debt  
Total non-derivatives items 
Derivatives 

Total assets and liabilities referenced to LIBOR 

Carrying amount as of 
December 31, 2021 
Assets 

Liabilities 

- 
1,068,501 
-  1,068,501 
62,571 
- 

-  1,131,072 

The following table contains details of only the hedging instruments used in the Company's 
hedging  strategies  which  reference  LIBOR  and  have  not  yet  transitioned  to  RFRs,  such  that 
relief(s) of phase 1 and phase 2 amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 for IBOR reform, effective 
January  1st,  2020  and  January  1st,  2021,  respectively,  have  been  applied  to  the  hedging 
relationship: 

Carrying amount as of December 31, 2021 

Notional  Assets 

Liabilities 

Balance 
sheet line 
item(s) 

2021 changes in 
fair value used for 
calculating hedge 
ineffectiveness 

Cash flow hedge 

Interest rate swaps 

939,670

Total cash flow hedges 

939,670

- 

- 

62,571 

Derivative 
liabilities 

62,571 

30,013 

30,013 

In calculating the change in fair value attributable to the hedged risk of floating-rate debt, the 
Company has made the following assumptions that reflect its current expectations: 

-  The floating-rate debt will move to RFRs during 2022, and the spread will be similar to 

the spread included in the interest rate swap used as the hedging instrument; 

-  No other changes to the terms of the floating-rate debt are anticipated. 

162 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Going concern 

Atlantica  has  prepared  the  consolidated  financial  statements  on  a  going  concern  basis.  The 
Directors have considered a number of factors in concluding in their going concern assessment 
covering the period up to March 31, 2023 and have not identified material uncertainties that 
may cast significant doubt about the ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of 
accounting. 

A  presentation  on  the  going  concern  assessment,  including  sensitivity  analysis  and  key 
assumptions  used,  was  presented  to  the  Audit  Committee.  The  Committee  discussed  with 
management to ensure the Company has sufficient headroom to continue as a going concern. 
The  Committee  agreed  with  management  that  there  is  no  uncertainty  in  relation  to  this 
assessment, in relation to the Group and the Company. 

The  Group  has  a  formal  process  of  budgeting,  reporting,  measuring  asset  performance, 
identifying  and  mitigating  risks,  and  its  overall  review.  This  information  is  provided  to  the 
directors, which is used to ensure the adequacy of resources available for the Group to meet its 
business objectives. The Company’s business activities, together with the factors likely to affect 
its future development, performance and position are set out within this report. 

The  Company  has  been  operating  as  usual  despite  the  COVID-19  restrictions  imposed  by 
governments and therefore there have been no disruptions in production. Atlantica’s assets are 
considered as an “essential” and “critical” activity in all its geographies. Furthermore, Atlantica’s 
revenues are predominantly contracted or regulated and thus have not experienced material 
impact. This is expected to continue throughout the going concern period. 

As  of  December  31,  2021,  Atlantica  had  $88.3  million  cash  at  the  corporate  level  and  $440 
million available under its revolving credit facility. Total liquidity was therefore $528.3 million. 
Corporate debt position was $1,023.1 million at 31 December 2021, with $983 million of these 
facilities maturing in 2025 or later.  

During the period, the Group generated $505.6 million from operating activities, used $351.1 
million in investing activities and $380.0 million in financing activities. All of these resulted in a 
$225.5 million decrease on its cash position by year-end, with a closing cash position of $622.7 
million (Note 12). The cash includes $254 million of funds which are held by the projects to 
satisfy  the  customary  requirements  of  certain  non-recourse  debt  agreements  (Note  15). The 
Group also had access to $440.0 million of available credit facilities, which mature in December 
2023. 

As  of  December  31,  2021,  all  the  corporate  debt  of  the  Company  has  long-term  maturities 
except  for  $27.9  million  of  corporate  debt  which  matures  during  the  going  concern  period 
($27.5M  of  notes  and  bonds  and  $0.4  million  of  credit  facilities)  (Note  14).  Additionally,  the 
Company  has  short-term  project  debt  that  amounts  to  $335.4  million,  all  of  which  is  non-
recourse to the Group (Note 15). 

The directors believe that this cash position as of December 31, 2021 is above the level of cash 
needed to operate the business for the going concern period and to meet the Group’s liabilities 
as they fall due, as well as to be a significant source of funding of future investments, including 
those which are already committed in the going concern period. 

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2.2.  Principles to include and record companies in the consolidated financial 

statements 

Companies  included  in  these  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  are  accounted  for  as 
subsidiaries as long as Atlantica has control over them and are accounted for as investments 
under the equity method as long as Atlantica has significant influence over them, in the periods 
presented. 

a)  Controlled entities 

Control is achieved when the Company: 

• 

• 

• 

Has power over the investee; 

Is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and 

Has the ability to use its power to affect its returns. 

The Company reassesses whether or not it controls an investee when facts and circumstances 
indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed above. 

The Company uses the acquisition method to account for business combinations of companies 
previously controlled by a third party. According to this method, identifiable assets acquired 
and  liabilities  and  contingent  liabilities  assumed  in  a  business  combination  are  measured 
initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. Any contingent consideration is recognized 
at fair value at the acquisition date and subsequent changes in its fair value are recognized in 
accordance with IFRS 9 in profit or loss. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred. The 
Company recognizes any non-controlling interest in the acquiree either at fair value or at the 
non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the acquirer’s net assets on an acquisition by 
acquisition basis. 

All assets and liabilities between entities of the group, equity, income, expenses, and cash flows 
relating to transactions between entities of the group are eliminated in full. 

b)  Investments accounted for under the equity method 

An associate is an entity over which the Company has significant influence. Significant influence 
is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is 
not control or joint control over those policies. 

The results and assets and liabilities of associates are incorporated in these financial statements 
using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, an investment in an associate 
is initially recognized in the statement of financial position at cost and adjusted thereafter to 
recognize changes in Atlantica´s share of net assets of the associate since the acquisition date. 
Any goodwill relating to the associate is included in the carrying amount of the investment and 
is not tested for impairment separately. 

2.3. Contracted Concessional Assets 

Contracted concessional assets correspond to the assets of the Company recorded as intangible 
or financial assets in accordance with IFRIC 12, property plant and equipment in accordance 
with  IAS  16  and financial  asset  in  accordance with  IFRS  16.  The  assets  accounted for  by  the 
Company as concessions include renewable energy assets, transmission lines, efficient natural 

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gas assets and water plants. The useful life of these assets is approximately the same as the 
length of the concession arrangement. The infrastructure used in a concession can be classified 
as an intangible asset or a financial asset, depending on the nature of the payment entitlements 
established in the agreement. 

The application of IFRIC 12 requires extensive judgement in relation to, among other factors, (i) 
the identification of certain infrastructures and contractual agreements in the scope of IFRIC 12, 
(ii) an understanding of the nature of the payments in order to determine the classification of 
the infrastructure as a financial asset or as an intangible asset and (iii) the timing and recognition 
of revenue from construction and concessionary activity. 

Under  the  terms  of  contractual  arrangements  within  the  scope  of  this  interpretation,  the 
operator  shall  recognize  and  measure  revenue  in  accordance  with  IFRS  15  for  the  services  it 
performs. 

a) 

Intangible asset 

The Company recognizes an intangible asset to the extent that it receives a right to charge final 
customers for the use of the infrastructure. This intangible asset is subject to the provisions of 
IAS  38  and  is  amortized  linearly,  taking  into  account  the  estimated  period  of  commercial 
operation of the infrastructure which coincides with the concession period. 

Once the infrastructure is in operation, the treatment of income and expense is as follows: 

- 

- 

Revenues  from  the  updated  annual  revenue  for  the  contracted  concession,  as  well  as 
revenues  from  operations  and  maintenance  services  are  recognized  in  each  period 
according to IFRS 15 “Revenue from contracts with Customers”. 

Operating  and  maintenance  costs  and  general  overheads  and  administrative  costs  are 
recorded in accordance with the nature of the cost incurred (amount due) in each period. 

b) 

Financial asset 

The Company recognizes a financial asset when demand risk is assumed by the grantor, to the 
extent that the concession holder has an unconditional right to receive payments for the asset. 
This  asset  is  recognized  at  the  fair  value  of  the  construction  services  provided,  considering 
upgrade services in accordance with IFRS 15, if any. 

The  financial  asset  is  subsequently  recorded  at  amortized  cost  calculated  according  to  the 
effective interest method, using a theoretical internal return rate specific to the asset. Revenue 
from operations and maintenance services is recognized in each period according to IFRS 15 
“Revenue from contracts with Customers”. 

Allowance for expected credit losses 

According to IFRS 9, Atlantica recognises an allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs) for all 
debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference 
between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows 
that the Company expects to receive. 

There  are  two  main  approaches  to  applying  the  ECL  model  according  to  IFRS  9:  the  general 
approach  which  involves  a  three  stage  approach,  and  the  simplified  approach,  which  can  be 
applied  to  trade  receivables,  contract  assets  and  lease  receivables.  Atlantica  applies  the 

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simplified approach. Under this approach, there is no need to monitor for significant increases 
in credit risk and entities will be required to measure lifetime expected credit losses at the end 
of each reporting period. 

The  key  elements  of  the  ECL  calculations,  based  on  external  sources  of  information,  are  the 
following: 

- 

- 

- 

the Probability of Default (“PD”) is an estimate of the likelihood of default over a given time 
horizon. Atlantica calculates PD based on Credit Default Swaps spreads (“CDS”); 

the Exposure at Default (“EAD”) is an estimate of the exposure at a future default date; 

the Loss Given Default (“LGD”) is an estimate of the loss arising in the case where a default 
occurs at a given time. It is based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due 
and those that the Company would expect to receive. It is expressed as a percentage of the 
EAD. 

c) 

Property, plant and equipment 

Property,  plant  and  equipment  is  measured  at  historical  cost,  including  all  expenses  directly 
attributable to the acquisition, less depreciation and impairment losses, with the exception of 
land, which is presented net of any impairment losses. 

Once the infrastructure is in operation, the treatment of income and expenses is the same as the 
one described above for intangible asset. 

d) 

Right-of-use assets 

Main right of use agreements correspond to land rights. The Company recognizes right-of-use 
assets under IFRS 16, at the commencement date of the lease (i.e. the date the underlying asset 
is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation 
and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities (Note 2.11). The 
cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs 
incurred,  and  lease  payments  made  at  or  before  the  commencement  date  less  any  lease 
incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter 
of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets. 

e)   Revenue Recognition  

According  to  IFRS  15,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers,  the  Company  assesses  the 
goods  and  services  promised  in  the  contracts  with  the  customers  and  identifies  as  a 
performance obligation each promise to transfer to the customer a good or service (or a bundle 
of goods or services). 

In the case of contracts related to intangible or financial assets under IFRIC 12, the performance 
obligation of the Company is the operation of the asset. The contracts between the parties set 
the price of the service in an orderly transaction and therefore corresponds to the fair value of 
the  service  provided.  The  services  is  satisfied  over  time.  The  same  conclusion  applies  to 
concessional assets that are classified as tangible assets under IAS 16 or leases under IFRS 16. 
All of the transaction prices of assets under IFRIC 12 are fixed and included as part of the long-
term PPAs of the Company as disclosed in Note 26. 

In the case of financial asset under IFRIC 12, the financial asset accounts for the payments to be 

166 

 
received from the client over the residual life of the contract, discounted at a theoretical internal 
rate  of  return  for  the  project.  In  each  period,  the  financial  asset  is  reduced  by  the  amounts 
received from the client and increased by any capital expenditure that the project may incur 
and by the effect of unwinding the discount of the financial asset at the theoretical internal rate 
of return. The increase of the financial asset deriving from the unwinding of the discount of the 
financial  asset  is  recorded  as  revenue  in  each  period.  Revenue  will  therefore  differ  from  the 
actual billings made by the asset to the client in each period. 

In the case of Spain, according to Royal Decree 413/2014, solar electricity producers receive: (i) 
the market price for the power they produce, (ii) a payment based on the standard investment 
cost  for  each  type  of  plant  (without  any  relation  whatsoever  to  the  amount  of  power  they 
generate)  and  (iii)  an  “operating  payment”  (in  €/MWh  produced).  The  principle  driving  this 
economic  regime  is  that  the  payments  received  by  a  renewable  energy  producer  should  be 
equivalent to the costs that they are unable to recover on the electricity pool market where they 
compete with non-renewable technologies. This economic regime seeks to allow a “well-run and 
efficient enterprise” to recover the costs of building and running a plant, plus a reasonable return 
on investment (project investment rate of return). Some of the Company´s assets in Spain are 
receiving a remuneration based on a 7.09% reasonable rate of return until December 31, 2025 
while  others  are  receiving  a  remuneration  based  on  a  7.398%  reasonable  rate  of  return  until 
December 31, 2031. 

2.4.  Asset Impairment  

Atlantica reviews its contracted concessional assets to identify any indicators of impairment at 
least annually, except for ECL assessment for financial assets which is discussed in note 2.3. When 
impairment indicators exist, the company calculates the recoverable amount of the asset. 

The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value 
in use, defined as the present value of the estimated future cash flows to be generated by the 
asset. In the event that the asset does not generate cash flows independently of other assets, 
the Company calculates the recoverable amount of the Cash Generating Unit (‘CGU’) to which 
the asset belongs. 

When the carrying amount of the CGU to which these assets belong is higher than its recoverable 
amount, the assets are impaired. 

Assumptions used to calculate value in use include a discount rate and projections considering 
real data based in the contracts terms and projected changes in both selling prices and costs. 
The discount rate is estimated by Management, to reflect both changes in the value of money 
over time and the risks associated with the specific CGU. 

For  contracted  concessional  assets,  with  a  defined  useful  life  and  with  a  specific  financial 
structure,  cash  flow  projections  until  the  end  of  the  project  are  considered  and  no  relevant 
terminal value is assumed. 

Contracted  concessional  assets  have  a  contractual  structure  that  permits  the  Company  to 
estimate quite accurately the costs of the project and revenue during the life of the project. 

Projections  take  into  account  real  data  based  on  the  contract  terms  and  fundamental 
assumptions based on specific reports prepared internally and third-party reports, assumptions 
on  demand  and  assumptions  on  production.  Additionally,  assumptions  on  macro-economic 

167 

 
conditions are taken into account, such as inflation rates, future interest rates, etc. and sensitivity 
analyses are performed over all major assumptions which can have a significant impact in the 
value of the asset. 

Cash flow projections of CGUs are calculated in the functional currency of those CGUs and are 
discounted  using  rates  that  take  into  consideration  the  risk  corresponding  to  each  specific 
country and currency. 

Taking into account that in most CGUs the specific financial structure is linked to the financial 
structure of the projects that are part of those CGUs, the discount rate used to calculate the 
present value of cash-flow projections is based on the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) 
for the type of asset, adjusted, if necessary, in accordance with the business of the specific activity 
and with the risk associated with the country where the project is performed. 

In any case, sensitivity analyses are performed, especially in relation to the discount rate used 
and fair value changes in the main business variables, in order to ensure that possible changes 
in the estimates of these items do not impact the recovery of recognized assets. 

In  the  event  that  the  recoverable  amount  of  an  asset  is  lower  than  its  carrying  amount,  an 
impairment charge for the difference would be recorded in the income statement under the item 
“Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges”. 

An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that 
previously recognized impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication 
exists,  the  Company  estimates  the  CGU’s  recoverable  amount.  A  previously  recognized 
impairment  loss  is  reversed  only  if  there  has  been  a  change  in  the  assumptions  used  to 
determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The 
reversal  is  limited  so  that  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset  does  not  exceed  its  recoverable 
amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, 
had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized 
in the income statement. 

2.5. Loans and Accounts Receivable 

Loans  and  accounts  receivable  are  non-derivative  financial  assets  with  fixed  or  determinable 
payments, not listed on an active market. 

In accordance with IFRIC 12, certain assets under concessions qualify as financial assets and are 
recorded as is described in Note 2.3. 

Pursuant  to  IFRS  9,  an  impairment  loss  is  recognized  if  the  carrying  amount  of  these  assets 
exceeds the present value of future cash flows discounted at the initial effective interest rate. 

Loans and accounts receivable are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs and are 
subsequently measured at amortized cost in accordance with the effective interest rate method. 
Interest calculated using the effective interest rate method is recognized under other financial 
income within financial income. 

2.6. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities 

Derivatives  are  recognized  at  fair  value  in  the  statement  of  financial  position.  The  Company 

168 

 
maintains  both  derivatives  designated  as  hedging  instruments  in  hedging  relationships,  and 
derivatives to which hedge accounting is not applied. 

When  hedge  accounting  is  applied,  hedging  strategy  and  risk  management  objectives  are 
documented at inception, as well as the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged 
items.  Effectiveness  of  the  hedging  relationship  needs  to  be  assessed  on  an  ongoing  basis. 
Effectiveness tests are performed prospectively at inception and at each reporting date. The 
Company analyses on each date if all these requirements are met: 

- 

- 

- 

there  is  an  economic  relationship  between  the  hedged  item  and  the  hedging 

instrument; 

the  effect  of  credit  risk  does  not  dominate  the  value  changes  that  result  from  that 

economic relationship; and 

the  hedge  ratio  of  the  hedging  relationship  is  the  same  as  that  resulting  from  the 

quantity of the hedged item that the Company actually hedges and the quantity of the 

hedging instrument that the Company uses to hedge that quantity of hedged item. 

Ineffectiveness is measured following the accumulated dollar offset method. 

In all cases, current Company´s hedging relationships are considered cash flow hedges. Under 
this model, the effective portion of changes in fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow 
hedges  are  recorded  temporarily  in  equity  and  are  subsequently  reclassified  from  equity  to 
profit or loss in the same period or periods during which the hedged item affects profit or loss. 
Any  ineffective  portion  of  the  hedged  transaction  is  recorded  in  the  consolidated  income 
statement as it occurs. 

When interest rate options are designated as hedging instruments, the time value is excluded 
from the hedging instrument as permitted by IFRS 9. Changes in the effective portion of the 
intrinsic are recorded in equity and subsequently reclassified from equity to profit or loss in the 
same period or periods during which the hedged item affects profit or loss. Any ineffectiveness 
is  recorded  as  financial  income  or  expense  as  it  occurs.  Changes  in  options  time  value  is 
recorded as cost of hedging. More precisely, considering that the hedged items are, in all cases, 
time period hedged item, changes in time value is recognized in other comprehensive income 
to the extent that it relates to the hedged item. The time value at the date of designation of the 
option as a hedging instrument, to the extent that it relates to the hedged item, is amortized 
on a systematic and rational basis over the period during which the hedge adjustment for the 
option’s intrinsic value could affect profit or loss. 

When the hedging instrument matures or is sold, or when it no longer meets the requirements 
to apply hedge accounting, accumulated gains and losses recorded in equity remain as such 
until the forecast transaction is ultimately recognized in the income statement. However, if it 
becomes unlikely that the forecast transaction will actually take place, the accumulated gains 
and losses in equity are recognized immediately in the income statement. 

Any change in fair value of derivatives instruments to which hedge accounting is not applied is 
directly recorded in the income statement. 

169 

 
 
2.7. Fair Value Estimates 

Financial instruments measured at fair value are presented in accordance with the following level 
classification based on the nature of the inputs used for the calculation of fair value: 

- 

- 

Level 1: Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 

Level 2: Fair value is measured based on inputs other than quoted prices included within 
Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly 
(i.e. derived from prices). 

- 

Level 3: Fair value is measured based on unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. 

In the event that prices cannot be observed, management shall make its best estimate of the 
price that the market would otherwise establish based on proprietary internal models which, in 
the  majority  of  cases,  use  data  based  on  observable  market  parameters  as  significant  inputs 
(Level 2) but occasionally use market data that is not observed as significant inputs (Level 3). 
Different techniques can be used to make this estimate, including extrapolation of observable 
market data. The best indication of the initial fair value of a financial instrument is the price of 
the  transaction,  except  when  the  value  of  the  instrument  can  be  obtained  from  other 
transactions carried out in the market with the same or similar instruments, or valued using a 
valuation  technique  in  which  the  variables  used  only  include  observable  market  data,  mainly 
interest rates. Differences between the transaction price and the fair value based on valuation 
techniques that use data that is not observed in the market, are not initially recognized in the 
income statement. 

Atlantica  derivatives  correspond  primarily  to  the  interest  rate  swaps  designated  as  cash  flow 
hedges, which are classified as Level 2. 

Description of the valuation method 

Interest rate swap valuations consist in valuing separately the swap part of the contract and the 
credit risk. The methodology used by the market and applied by Atlantica to value interest rate 
swaps is to discount the expected future cash flows according to the parameters of the contract. 
Variable interest rates, which are needed to estimate future cash flows, are calculated using the 
curve for the corresponding currency and extracting the implicit rates for each of the reference 
dates in the contract. These estimated flows are discounted with the swap zero curve for the 
reference period of the contract. 

The effect of the credit risk on the valuation of the interest rate swaps depends on the future 
settlement. If the settlement is favorable for the Company, the counterparty credit spread will 
be incorporated to quantify the probability of default at maturity. If the expected settlement is 
negative for the Company, its own credit risk will be applied to the final settlement. 

Classic models for valuing interest rate swaps use deterministic valuation of the future of variable 
rates, based on future outlooks. When quantifying credit risk, this model is limited by considering 
only the risk for the current paying party, ignoring the fact that the derivative could change sign 
at maturity. A payer and receiver swaption model is proposed for these cases. This enables the 
associated  risk  in  each  swap  position  to  be  reflected.  Thus,  the  model  shows  each  agent’s 
exposure, on each payment date, as the value of entering into the ‘tail’ of the swap, i.e. the live 
part of the swap. 

170 

 
Variables (Inputs) 

Interest  rate  derivative  valuation  models  use  the  corresponding  interest  rate  curves  for  the 
relevant currency and underlying reference in order to estimate the future cash flows and to 
discount them. Market prices for deposits, futures contracts and interest rate swaps are used to 
construct  these  curves.  Interest  rate  options  (caps  and  floors)  also  use  the  volatility  of  the 
reference interest rate curve. 

To estimate the credit risk of the counterparty, the credit default swap (CDS) spreads curve is 
obtained in the market for important individual issuers. For less liquid issuers, the spreads curve 
is estimated using comparable CDSs or based on the country curve. To estimate proprietary 
credit risk, prices of debt issues in the market and CDSs for the sector and geographic location 
are used. 

The fair value of the financial instruments that results from the aforementioned internal models 
takes  into  account,  among  other  factors,  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  contracts  and 
observable market data, such as interest rates, credit risk and volatility. The valuation models 
do not include significant levels of subjectivity, since these methodologies can be adjusted and 
calibrated,  as  appropriate,  using  the  internal  calculation  of  fair  value  and  subsequently 
compared to the corresponding actively traded price. However, valuation adjustments may be 
necessary when the listed market prices are not available for comparison purposes. 

2.8. Trade and Other Receivables 

Trade and other receivables are amounts due from customers for sales in the normal course of 
business. They are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized 
cost  using  the  effective  interest  rate  method,  less  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts.  Trade 
receivables due in less than one year are carried at their face value at both initial recognition 
and  subsequent  measurement,  provided  that  the  effect  of  not  discounting  flows  is  not 
significant. 

An  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  is  recorded  when  there  is  objective  evidence  that  the 
Company will not be able to recover all amounts due as per the original terms of the receivables. 
The  Company  has  established  a  provision  matrix  that  is  based  on  its  historical  credit  loss 
experience,  adjusted  for  forward-looking  factors  specific  to  the  debtors  and  the  economic 
environment. 

2.9. Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, cash in bank and other highly-liquid current 
investments with an original maturity of three months or less which are held for the purpose of 
meeting short-term cash commitments. 

2.10.  Grants 

Grants are recognized at fair value when it is considered that there is a reasonable assurance 
that the grant will be received and that the necessary qualifying conditions, as agreed with the 
entity assigning the grant, will be adequately complied with. 

Grants  are  recorded  as  liabilities  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  and  are 
recognized in “Other operating income” in the consolidated income statement based on the 

171 

 
period necessary to match them with the costs they intend to compensate. 

In addition, as described in Note 2.11 below, grants correspond also to loans with interest rates 
below market rates, for the initial difference between the fair value of the loan and the proceeds 
received. 

2.11.  Loans and Borrowings 

Loans and borrowings are initially recognized at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. 
Borrowings  are  subsequently  measured  at  amortized  cost  and  any  difference  between  the 
proceeds initially received (net of transaction costs incurred in obtaining such proceeds) and 
the repayment value is recognized in the consolidated income statement over the duration of 
the borrowing using the effective interest rate method. 

In the case of modification of terms of loans and borrowings, the Company determines whether 
the  modification  constitutes  an  exchange  or  an  extinguishment  of  the  debt  instrument.  In 
determining whether there is an exchange, the Company evaluates whether the redemption of 
the old debt and the issuance of new debt were negotiated in contemplation of one another 
(qualitative  assessment)  and performs  the  10  per  cent  test  to  determine  if  the  terms  of  the 
modified  debt  are  substantially  different  (the  net  present  value  of  the  modified  cash  flows, 
including  any  fees  paid  net  of  any  fees  received,  is  higher  than  10%  different  from  the  net 
present  value  of  the  remaining  cash  flows  of  the  liability  prior  to  the  modification,  both 
discounted at the original effective interest rate). When the terms of the modified liability are 
substantially different, the modification is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original 
liability and recognition of a new liability. 

Loans with interest rates below market rates are initially recognized at fair value in liabilities and 
the difference between proceeds received from the loan and its fair value is initially recorded 
within  “Grants  and  Other  liabilities”  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position,  and 
subsequently  recorded  in  “Other  operating  income”  in  the  consolidated  income  statement 
when the costs financed with the loan are expensed. 

Lease liabilities are recognized by the Company at the commencement date of the lease at the 
present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include 
the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and 
payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising 
the option to terminate. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses 
its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date considering that the interest 
rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. 

2.12.  Bonds and notes 

The Company initially recognizes ordinary notes at fair value, net of issuance costs incurred. 
Subsequently, notes are measured at amortized cost until settlement upon maturity. Any other 
difference between the proceeds obtained (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value 
is  recognized  in  the  consolidated  income  statement  over  the  term  of  the  debt  using  the 
effective interest rate method. 

Convertible  bonds  or  notes  or  debt  issued  with  conversion  features  must  be  separated  into 
liability and equity components if the feature meets the equity classification conditions in IAS 

172 

 
32. The issuer separates the instrument into its components by determining the fair value of 
the liability component and then deducting that amount from the fair value of the instrument 
as a whole; the residual amount is allocated to the equity component. If the equity conversion 
feature  does  not  satisfy  the  equity  classification  conditions  in  IAS  32,  it  is  bifurcated  as  an 
embedded derivative unless the issuer elects to apply the fair value option to the convertible 
debt. The embedded derivative is initially recognized at fair value and classified as derivatives 
in the statement of financial position. Changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives are 
subsequently accounted for directly through the income statement. The debt element of the 
bond  or  note  (the  host  contract),  will  be  initially  valued  as  the  difference  between  the 
consideration  received  from  the  holders  for  the  instrument  and  the  value  of  the  embedded 
derivative, and thereafter at amortized cost using the effective interest method. 

2.13. 

Income Taxes 

Current income tax expense is calculated on the basis of the tax laws in force as of the date of 
the consolidated statement of financial position in the countries in which the subsidiaries and 
associates operate and generate taxable income. 

Deferred  income  tax  is  calculated  in  accordance  with  the  liability  method,  based  upon  the 
temporary differences arising between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their 
tax base. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to 
apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax 
laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. 

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be 
available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused 
tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized. 

2.14.  Trade Payables and Other Liabilities 

Trade payables are obligations arising from purchases of goods and services in the ordinary 
course of business and are recognized initially at fair value and are subsequently measured at 
their  amortized  cost  using  the  effective  interest method.  Other  liabilities  are  obligations  not 
arising in the normal course of business and which are not treated as financing transactions. 
Advances  received  from  customers  are  recognized  as  “Trade  payables  and  other  current 
liabilities”. 

2.15.  Foreign Currency Transactions 

The  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  are  presented  in  U.S.  dollars,  which  is  Atlantica’s 
functional  and  presentation  currency.  Financial  statements  of  each  subsidiary  within  the 
Company are measured in the currency of the principal economic environment in which the 
subsidiary operates, which is the subsidiary’s functional currency. 

Transactions denominated in a currency different from the subsidiary’s functional currency are 
translated into the subsidiary’s functional currency applying the exchange rates in force at the 
time of the transactions. Foreign currency gains and losses that result from the settlement of 
these transactions and the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign 
currency  at  the  year-end  rates  are  recognized  in the  consolidated  income  statement,  unless 
they  are  deferred  in  equity,  as  occurs  with  cash  flow  hedges  and  net  investment  in  foreign 

173 

 
operations hedges. 

Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries with a functional currency different from the Company’s 
reporting currency are translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in force at the closing date 
of  the  financial  statements.  Income  and  expenses  are  translated  into  U.S.  dollars  using  the 
average annual exchange rate, which does not differ significantly from using the exchange rates 
of  the  dates  of  each  transaction.  The  difference  between  equity  translated  at  the  historical 
exchange  rate  and  the  net  financial  position  that  results  from  translating  the  assets  and 
liabilities at the closing rate is recorded in equity under the heading “Accumulated currency 
translation differences”. 

Results  of  companies  carried  under  the  equity  method  are  translated at  the  average  annual 
exchange rate. 

2.16.  Equity 

The Company has recyclable balances in its equity, corresponding mainly to hedge reserves and 
translation  differences  arising  from  currency  conversion  in  the  preparation  of  these 
Consolidated Financial Statements. These balances have been presented separately in Equity. 

Non-controlling  interest  represents  interest  of  other  partners  in  entities  included  in  these 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements  which  are  not  fully  owned  by  Atlantica  as  of  the  dates 
presented. 

Share Capital, Share Premium and Capital Reserves represent the Parent’s net investment in the 
entities included in these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

The costs of issuing equity instruments are accounted for as a deduction from equity. 

2.17.  Provisions and Contingencies 

Provisions are recognized when: 

-  there is a present obligation, either legal or constructive, as a result of past events; 

- 

it is more likely than not that there will be a future outflow of resources to settle the 
obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated. 

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expected outflows required to settle the 
obligation. The discount rate used is a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the 
risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is then 
recognized  as  a  financial  expense.  The  balance  of  provisions  disclosed  in  the  Notes  reflects 
management’s  best  estimate  of  the  potential  exposure  as  of  the  date  of  preparation  of  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Contingent  liabilities  are  possible  obligations,  existing  obligations  with  low  probability  of  a 
future outflow of economic resources and existing obligations where the future outflow cannot 
be  reliably  estimated.  Contingences  are  not  recognized  in  the  consolidated  statements  of 
financial position unless they have been acquired in a business combination. 

Some companies of Atlantica have dismantling provisions, which are intended to cover future 
expenditure  related  to  the  dismantlement  of  the  plants  in  situations  where  it  is  likely  to  be 
settled with an outflow of resources in the long term (over 5 years). 

174 

 
Such provisions are accrued when the obligation for dismantling, removing and restoring the 
site on which the plant is located, is incurred, which is usually during the construction period. 
The  provision  is  measured  in  accordance  with  IAS  37,  “Provisions,  Contingent  Liabilities  and 
Contingent Assets” and is recorded as a liability under the heading “Grants and other liabilities” 
of the Financial Statements, and the corresponding entry as part of the cost of the plant under 
the heading “Contracted concessional assets.” The estimated future costs of dismantling are 
reviewed  annually  if  conditions  have  changed  and  adjusted  appropriately.  The  impact  of 
changes in the estimate of future costs or in the timing of when such costs will be incurred, on 
the dismantling provision, is recorded against an increase or decrease of the cost of the plant. 

2.18.  Earnings per share 

Basic  earnings  per  share  is  calculated  by  dividing  the  profit  for  the  period  attributable  to 
ordinary  equity  holders  of  the  parent  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares 
outstanding during the period. 

Diluted  earnings  per  share  is  calculated  by  dividing  the  profit  for  the  period  attributable  to 
ordinary  equity  holders  of  the  parent  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares 
outstanding during the period plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would 
be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares. 

2.19.  Significant judgements and estimates 

Some of the accounting policies applied require the application of significant judgement by 
management  to  select  the  appropriate  assumptions  to  determine  these  estimates.  These 
assumptions  and  estimates  are  based  on  the  historical  experience,  advice  from  experienced 
consultants, forecasts and other circumstances and expectations as of the close of the financial 
period.  The  assessment  is  considered  in  relation  to  the  global  economic  situation  of  the 
industries and regions where the Company operates, taking into account future development 
of the businesses of the Company. By their nature, these judgements are subject to an inherent 
degree of uncertainty; therefore, actual results could materially differ from the estimates and 
assumptions used. In such cases, the carrying values of assets and liabilities are adjusted. 

The  most  critical  accounting  policies,  which  reflect  significant  management  estimates  and 
judgement to determine amounts in these Consolidated Financial Statements, are as follows: 

-  Assessment of contracted concessional agreements. 

- 

Impairment of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment. 

-  Assessment of control. 

-  Derivative financial instruments and fair value estimates. 

- 

Income taxes and recoverable amount of deferred tax assets. 

As of the date of preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements, no relevant changes 
in the estimates made are anticipated and, therefore, no significant changes in the value of the 
assets and liabilities recognized at December 31, 2021, are expected. 

Although  these  estimates  and  assumptions  are  being  made  using  all  available  facts  and 
circumstances,  it  is  possible  that  future  events  may  require  management  to  amend  such 

175 

 
estimates and assumptions in future periods. Changes in accounting estimates are recognized 
prospectively, in accordance with IAS 8, in the consolidated income statement of the year in 
which the change occurs. 

3.  Financial Risk Management 

Atlantica’s activities are exposed to various financial risks: market risk (including currency risk 
and  interest  rate  risk),  credit  risk  and  liquidity  risk.  Risk  is  managed  by  the  Company’s  Risk 
Finance  and  Compliance  Departments,  which  are  responsible  for  identifying  and  evaluating 
financial risks quantifying them by project, region and company, in accordance with mandatory 
internal management rules. Written internal policies exist for global risk management, as well 
as  for  specific  areas  of  risk.  In  addition,  there  are  official  written  management  regulations 
regarding key controls and control procedures for each company and the implementation of 
these controls is monitored through internal audit procedures. 

a)  Market risk 

The  Company  is  exposed  to  market  risk,  such  as  movement  in  foreign  exchange  rates  and 
interest rates. All of these market risks arise in the normal course of business and the Company 
does  not  carry  out  speculative  operations.  For  the  purpose  of  managing  these  risks,  the 
Company uses a series of interest rate swaps and options, and currency options. None of the 
derivative contracts signed has an unlimited loss exposure. 

- 

Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk arises when the Company’s activities are exposed to changes in interest rates, 
which arises from financial liabilities at variable interest rates. The main interest rate exposure 
for the Company relates to the variable interest rate with reference to the Libor, Euribor and 
RFRs. To minimize the interest rate risk, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and 
interest rate options (caps), which, in exchange for a fee, offer protection against an increase in 
interest rates. The Company does not use derivatives for speculative purposes. 

As a result, the notional amounts hedged, strikes contracted and maturities, depending on the 
characteristics  of  the  debt  on  which  the  interest  rate  risk  is  being  hedged,  are  very  diverse, 
including the following: 

o  Project debt in Euros: the Company hedges between 75% and 100% of the notional amount, 
with hedges maturing up to 2038 and average guaranteed strike interest rate of between 
0.00% and 4.87%. 

o  Project debt in U.S. dollars: the Company hedges between 75% and 100% of the notional 
amount, with hedges maturing up to 2038 and average guaranteed interest rate of between 
0.86% and 5.89%. 

In connection with the interest rate derivative positions of the Company, the most significant 
impacts on these Consolidated Financial Statements are derived from the changes in EURIBOR 
or LIBOR, which represent the reference interest rate for most of the debt of the Company. In 
the event that Euribor and Libor had risen by 25 basis points as of December 31, 2021, with the 
rest of the variables remaining constant, the effect in the consolidated income statement would 
have been a loss of $2,495 thousand (a loss of $2,897 thousand in 2020) and an increase in 
hedging  reserves  of  $22,440  thousand  ($22,130  thousand  in  2020).  The  increase  in  hedging 

176 

 
reserves would be mainly due to an increase in the fair value of interest rate swaps designated 
as hedges. 

A breakdown of the interest rates derivatives as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, is provided in 
Note 9. 

- 

Currency risk 

The main cash flows in the entities included in these Consolidated Financial Statements are cash 
collections arising from long-term contracts with clients and debt payments arising from project 
finance repayment. Given that financing of the projects is always closed in the same currency 
in which the contract with client is signed, a natural hedge exists for the main operations of the 
Company. 

In  addition,  the  Company  policy  is  to  contract  currency  options  with  leading  financial 
institutions, which guarantee a minimum Euro-U.S. dollar exchange rate on the net distributions 
expected from solar assets in Spain. The net Euro exposure is 100% hedged for the coming 12 
months and 75% for the following 12 months on a rolling basis. 

b) 

Credit risk 

The Company considers that it has a limited credit risk with clients as revenues primarily derive 
from power purchase agreements with electric utilities and state-owned entities. 

c) 

Liquidity risk 

Atlantica’s  liquidity  and  financing  policy  is  intended  to  ensure  that  the  Company  maintains 
sufficient funds to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. 

Project finance borrowing permits the Company to finance the project through project debt 
and thereby insulate the rest of its assets from such credit exposure. The Company incurs in 
project-finance debt on a project-by-project basis. 

The repayment profile of each project is established on the basis of the projected cash flow 
generation of the business. This ensures that sufficient financing is available to meet deadlines 
and maturities, which mitigates the liquidity risk significantly. 

Corporate and Project debt repayment schedules are disclosed in Note 14 and 15, respectively. 

d)  Capital risk management 

The group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the group will be able to continue as a 
going concern while maximising the return to shareholders through the optimisation of the debt 
and  equity  balance.  The  capital  structure  of  the  Company  consists  of  net  debt  (borrowings 
disclosed in note 14 and 15 after deducting cash and bank balances) and equity of the group 
(comprising issued capital, reserves and accumulated deficit). The board of directors review the 
capital structure on a regular basis. As part of this review, the Company considers the cost of 
capital and the risks associated with each class of capital.  

e)  Gearing ratio 

The gearing ratio at the year-end is as follows: 

177 

 
Debt 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Net Debt 

Equity 

 Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 

 Balance as of 
December 31, 2020 

$’000 

$’000 

6,059,264 
622,689 

6,231,339 
868,501 

5,436,575 

5,362,838 

1,748,440 

1,740,881 

Net debt to equity ratio 

311% 

308% 

Corporate and Project debt repayment schedules are disclosed in Note 14 and 15, respectively. 

4.  Financial information by segment 

Atlantica’s segment structure reflects how management currently makes financial decisions and 
allocates  resources.  Its  operating  and  reportable  segments  are  based  on  the  following 
geographies  where  the  contracted  concessional  assets  are  located:  North  America,  South 
America and EMEA. In addition, based on the type of business, as of December 31, 2021, the 
Company had the following business sectors: Renewable energy, Efficient natural gas and Heat, 
Transmission  lines  and  Water.  The  business  sector  “Efficient  natural  gas”  has  been  renamed 
“Efficient natural gas and Heat” in these Consolidated Financial Statements as it includes the 
Calgary District Heating asset acquired in May 2021 (Note 5). 

Atlantica’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), which is the CEO, assesses the performance 
and  assignment  of  resources  according  to  the  identified  operating  segments.  The  CODM 
considers  the  revenue  as  a  measure  of  the  business  activity  and  the  Adjusted  EBITDA  as  a 
measure of the performance of each segment. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as profit/(loss) for 
the period attributable to the parent company, after adding back loss/(profit) attributable to 
non-controlling  interest,  income  tax,  finance  expense  net,  depreciation,  amortization  and 
impairment  charges  of  entities  included  in  these  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  and 
depreciation and amortization, financial expense and income tax of unconsolidated affiliates 
(pro  rata  of  Atlantica´s  equity  ownership).  Adjusted  EBITDA  previously  excluded  share  of 
profit/(loss)  of  associates  carried  under  the  equity  method  and  did  not  include  depreciation 
and amortization, financial expense and income tax expense of unconsolidated affiliates. Prior 
periods have been presented accordingly. 

In order to assess performance of the business, the CODM receives reports of each reportable 
segment using revenue and Adjusted EBITDA. Net interest expense evolution is assessed on a 
consolidated basis. Financial expense and amortization are not taken into consideration by the 
CODM for the allocation of resources. 

In the year ended December 31, 2021, Atlantica had one customer with revenues representing 
more than 10% of total revenue, in the renewable energy business sector. In the year ended 
December 31, 2020, Atlantica had four customers with revenues representing more than 10% 

178 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
of the total revenue, three in the renewable energy and one in the efficient natural gas and heat 
business sectors. 

a) 

The following tables show Revenues and Adjusted EBITDA by operating segments and 
business sectors for the years 2021 and 2020: 

Revenue 
$’000 

 Adjusted EBITDA 
$’000 

For the year ended December 31, 

For the year ended December 31, 

Geography 
North America  

South America  

EMEA  

2021 

2020 

2021 

2020 

395,775 

154,985 

660,989 

330,921 

151,460 

530,879 

311,803 

119,547 

393,038 

279,365 

120,023 

396,735 

Total 

1,211,749 

1,013,260 

824,388 

796,123 

Revenue 
$’000 

For the year ended December 31, 

 Adjusted EBITDA 
$’000 

For the year ended 
December 31, 

2021 

2020 

2021 

928,525 

123,692 

105,680 

53,852 

753,089 

111,030 

106,042 

43,099 

602,583 

99,935 

83,635 

38,235 

2020 
576,285 

101,006 

87,272 

31,560 

1,211,749 

1,013,260 

824,388 

796,123 

Business sector 
Renewable energy  

Efficient natural gas & Heat 

Transmission lines 

Water  

Total 

The  reconciliation  of  segment  Adjusted  EBITDA  with  the  loss  attributable  to  the  parent 
company is as follows:  

Profit/(loss) attributable to the Company 
Profit attributable to non-controlling interest 
Income tax expense 
Financial expense, net 
Depreciation,  amortization,  and 
charges 
Depreciation and amortization, financial expense 
and  income  tax  of  unconsolidated  affiliates  pro 
rata of Atlantica´s equity ownership 

impairment 

For the year ended December 31, 

2021 
$’000 

(30,080) 
19,162 
36,220 
340,892 
439,441 

2020 
$’000 

11,968 
4,906 
24,877 
331,810 
408,604 

18,753 

13,958 

Total segment Adjusted EBITDA 

824,388 

796,123 

179 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
b) 

The assets and liabilities by geography and business sector at the end of 2021 and 

2020 are as follows: 

Assets and liabilities by geography as of December 31, 2021: 

North 
America 
$’000 

South 
America 
$’000 

EMEA 

$’000 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

Assets allocated 

Contracted concessional assets 

3,355,669 

1,231,276 

3,434,623 

Investments carried under the equity method 

Current financial investments 

Cash and cash equivalents (project companies) 

253,221 

135,224 

171,744 

- 

28,155 

74,149 

41,360 

44,000 

287,655 

3,915,858 

1,333,580 

3,807,638 

8,021,568 

294,581 

207,379 

533,548 

9,057,076 

268,876 

425,978 

694,854 

                9,751,930 

Subtotal allocated 

Unallocated assets 

Other non-current assets 

Other  current  assets  (including  cash  and  cash 
equivalents at holding company level) 
Subtotal unallocated 

Total assets 

Liabilities allocated 

Long-term and short-term project debt 

Grants and other liabilities 

Subtotal allocated 

Unallocated liabilities 

Long-term and short-term corporate debt 

Other non-current liabilities 

Other current liabilities 

Subtotal unallocated 

Total liabilities 

Equity unallocated 

Total liabilities and equity unallocated 

Total liabilities and equity 

North 
America 
$’000 

South 
America 
$’000 

EMEA 

$’000 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

1,792,739 

1,051,679 

887,497 

14,445 

2,355,957 

197,620 

2,844,418 

901,942 

2,553,577 

5,036,193 

1,263,744 

6,299,937 

1,023,071 

532,312 

148,005 

1,703,388 

8,003,325 

1,748,605 

3,451,993 

9,751,930 

180 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets and liabilities by geography as of December 31, 2020: 

North 
America 
$’000 

South 
America 
$’000 

EMEA 

$’000 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2020 
$’000 

Assets allocated 

Contracted concessional assets 

3,073,785 

1,211,952 

3,869,681 

74,660 

129,264 

206,344 

- 

27,836 

70,861 

41,954 

42,984 

255,530 

3,484,053 

  1,310,649 

  4,210,149 

Investments carried under the equity method 

Current financial investments 

Cash and cash equivalents (project companies) 

Subtotal allocated 

Unallocated assets 

Other non-current assets 

Other  current  assets  (including  cash  and  cash 
equivalents at holding company level) 
Subtotal unallocated 

Total assets 

8,155,418 

116,614 

200,084 

532,735 

9,004,851 

242,044 

691,459 

933,503 

9,938,354 

North 
America 
$’000 

South 
America 
$’000 

EMEA 

$’000 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2020 
$’000 

1,623,284 

1,078,974 

902,500 

2,711,830 

11,355 

139,438 

2,702,258 

913,855 

  2,851,268 

Liabilities allocated 

Long-term and short-term project debt 

Grants and other liabilities 

Subtotal allocated 

Unallocated liabilities 

Long-term and short-term corporate debt 

Other non-current liabilities 

Other current liabilities 

Subtotal unallocated 

Total liabilities 

Equity unallocated 

Total liabilities and equity unallocated 

Total liabilities and equity 

5,237,614 

1,229,767 

6,467,381 

993,725 

589,107 

147,260 

1,730,092 

8,197,473 

1,740,881 

3,470,973 

9,938,354 

181 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets and liabilities by business sectors as of December 31, 2021: 

Renewable 
energy 

$’000 

6,533,408 
240,302 

10,761 
442,213 

Efficient 
natural 
gas & 
Heat 
$’000 

517,247 
15,358 

128,461 
25,392 

  Transmission 
lines 

  Water 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 

$’000 

$’000 

$’000 

805,987 
- 

164,926 
38,921 

27,813 
44,574 

40,344 
21,369 

8,021,568 
294,581 

207,379 
533,548 

7,226,684 

686,458 

878,374 

  265,560 

9,057,076 

268,876 
425,978 

694,854 

9,751,930 

Renewable 
energy 

$’000 

Efficient 
natural 
gas & 
Heat 
$’000 

  Transmission 
lines 

  Water 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 

$’000 

$’000 

$’000 

3,857,313 

478,724 

602,278 

97,878 

5,036,193 

Assets allocated 
Contracted concessional assets 
Investments carried under the equity 
method 
Current financial investments 
Cash  and  cash  equivalents  (project 
companies) 
Subtotal allocated 

Unallocated assets 
Other non-current assets 
Other current assets (including cash 
and  cash  equivalents  at  holding 
company level) 
Subtotal unallocated 

Total assets 

Liabilities allocated 
Long-term  and  short-term  project 
debt 
Grants and other liabilities 

1,244,346 

11,212 

5,795 

2,391 

Subtotal allocated 

5,101,659 

489,936 

608,073 

100,269 

and 

Unallocated liabilities 
Long-term 
corporate debt 
Other non-current liabilities 
Other current liabilities 

short-term 

Subtotal unallocated 

Total liabilities 

Equity unallocated 

liabilities 

Total 
unallocated 
Total liabilities and equity 

and 

equity 

182 

1,263,744 

6,299,937 

1,023,071 

532,312 
148,005 

1,703,388 

8,003,325 

1,748,605 

3,451,993 

9,751,930 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets and liabilities by business sectors as of December 31, 2020: 

Assets allocated 
Contracted concessional assets 
Investments carried under the equity 
method 
Current financial investments 
Cash  and  cash  equivalents  (project 
companies) 
Subtotal allocated 

Unallocated assets 
Other non-current assets 
Other current assets (including cash 
and  cash  equivalents  at  holding 
company level) 
Subtotal unallocated 

Total assets 

Renewable 
energy 

$’000 

Efficient 
natural 
gas & 
Heat 
$’000 

  Transmission 
lines 

  Water 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2020 

$’000 

$’000 

$’000 

6,632,611 

502,285 

842,595 

177,927 

8,155,418 

61,866 

15,514 

30 

39,204 

6,530 
397,465 

124,872 
67,955 

27,796 
46,045 

40,886 
21,270 

116,614 

200,084 
532,735 

7,098,472 

710,626 

916,466 

  279,287 

9,004,851 

242,044 

691,459 

933,503 

9,938,354 

Renewable 
energy 

$’000 

Efficient 
natural 
gas & 
Heat 
$’000 

  Transmission 
lines 

  Water 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2020 

$’000 

$’000 

$’000 

Liabilities allocated 
Long-term  and  short-term  project 
debt 
Grants and other liabilities 

3,992,512 

504,293 

625,203 

115,606 

1,221,176 

108 

6,040 

2,443 

Subtotal allocated 

5,213,688 

504,401 

631,243 

118,049 

and 

Unallocated liabilities 
Long-term 
corporate debt 
Other non-current liabilities 
Other current liabilities 

short-term 

Subtotal unallocated 

Total liabilities 

Equity unallocated 

liabilities 

Total 
unallocated 
Total liabilities and equity 

and 

equity 

183 

5,237,614 

1,229,767 

6,467,381 

993,725 

589,107 
147,260 

1,730,092 

8,197,473 

1,740,881 

3,470,973 

9,938,354 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
c) 

The amount of depreciation, amortization and impairment charges recognized for the 

years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows: 

Depreciation,  amortization  and  impairment  by 
geography 
North America 
South America 
EMEA 

Total 

For the year ended December 31 

$’000 

2021 

2020 

(152,946) 
(57,214) 
(229,281) 

(439,441) 

(197,643) 
(39,191) 
(171,770) 

(408,604)  

For the year ended December 31, 

$’000 

2021 
(432,138) 

23,910 

(31,286) 

73 

(439,441) 

2020 

(350,785) 

(26,563) 

(30,889) 

(367) 

(408,604) 

Depreciation, amortization and impairment 
by business sectors 
Renewable energy 

Efficient natural gas & Heat  

Transmission lines 

Water 

Total 

5.  Business Combinations 

For the year ended December 31, 2021 

On  January  6,  2021,  the  Company  completed  its  second  investment  through  its  Chilean 
renewable  energy  platform  in  a  40  MW  solar  PV  plant,  Chile  PV  2,  located  in  Chile,  for 
approximately  $5  million.  Atlantica  has  control  over  Chile  PV  2  under  IFRS  10,  Consolidated 
Financial  Statements.  The  acquisition  of  Chile  PV  2  has  been  accounted  for  in  these 
Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with IFRS 3, Business Combinations, showing 
65% of non-controlling interests. Chile PV 2 is included within the Renewable energy sector and 
the South America geography. 

On  January  8,  2021,  the  Company  completed  the  purchase  of  an  additional  42.5%  stake  in 
Rioglass, a supplier of spare parts and services to the solar industry, increasing its stake from 
15%  to  57.5%  and  gaining  control  over  the  business  under  IFRS  10,  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements. The purchase price paid was $8.6 million, and the Company paid an additional $3.7 
million (deductible from the final payment) for an option to acquire the remaining 42.5% under 
the same conditions until September 2021. On July 22, 2021, the Company exercised the option 
paying  an  additional  $4.8  million,  becoming  the  sole  shareholder  of  the  entity.  Rioglass  is 
included  within  the  Renewable  energy  sector  and  the  EMEA  geography.  The  acquisition  of 
Rioglass has been accounted for in these Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with 
IFRS 3, Business Combinations. 

On April 7, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of Coso, a 135 MW renewable asset in 

184 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California. The purchase price paid was $130 million. Atlantica has control over Coso under IFRS 
10,  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  and  its  acquisition  has  been  accounted  for  in  these 
Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with IFRS 3, Business Combinations. Coso is 
included within the Renewable energy sector and the North America geography. 

On  May  14,  2021,  the  Company  closed  the  acquisition  of  Calgary  District  Heating,  a  district 
heating asset of approximately 55 MWt in Canada. The purchase price paid was approximately 
$22.7  million.  The  acquisition  has  been  accounted  for  in  these  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements  in  accordance  with  IFRS  3,  Business  Combinations.  Calgary  District  Heating  is 
included within the Efficient natural gas and Heat sector and the North America geography. 

On August 6, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of Italy PV 1 and Italy PV 2, two solar 
PV plants in Italy with a combined capacity of 3.7 MW for a total equity investment of $9 million. 
The  acquisition  has  been  accounted  for  in  these  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  in 
accordance with IFRS 3, Business Combinations. These assets are included within the Renewable 
Energy sector and the EMEA geography. 

On November 25, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of La Sierpe, a 20 MW solar PV 
plant in Colombia for a total equity investment of approximately $23.5 million. The acquisition 
has been accounted for in these Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with IFRS 3, 
Business Combinations. La Sierpe is included within the Renewable energy sector and the South 
America geography. 

On December 14, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of Italy PV 3, a 2.5 MW solar asset 
in Italy for a total equity investment of approximately $4.0 million. The acquisition has been 
accounted for in these Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with IFRS 3, Business 
Combinations.  Italy  PV  3  is  included  within  the  Renewable  Energy  sector  and  the  EMEA 
geography. 

The fair value of assets and liabilities consolidated at the effective acquisition date is shown in 
the following table: 

185 

 
Business combinations 

for the year ended December 31, 2021   

$’000 

Coso 

     Other  

Total  

Contracted concessional assets (Note 6) 

383,153        

158,927        

542,080   

Deferred tax asset (Note 18) 

Other non-current assets 

Cash & cash equivalents 

Other current assets 

-        

 4,410        

4,410   

11,024        

 1,943        

12,967   

6,363        

 14,649        

21,012   

14,378        

 46,679        

61,057   

Non-current Project debt (Note 15) 

(248,544 )      

(39,808 )      

(288,352 ) 

Current Project debt (Note 15) 

Deferred tax liabilities (Note 18) 

(13,415 )      

(25,366 )      

(38,781 ) 

-  

(4,910 )    

(4,910 ) 

Other current and non-current liabilities 

(22,959 )      

(64,825 )      

(87,784 ) 

Non-controlling interests 

-        

(8,287 )      

(8,287 ) 

Total net assets acquired at fair value 

     130,000        

83,412         213,412   

Asset acquisition – purchase price paid 

(130,000 )      

(80,364 )      

(210,364 ) 

Fair value of previously held 15% stake in Rioglass 

Net result of business combinations 

-        

-        

(3,048 )      

(3,048 ) 

-        

-   

The purchase price equals the fair value of the net assets acquired. 

The  allocation  of  the  purchase  price  is  provisional  as  of  December  31,  2021  and  amounts 
indicated above may be adjusted during the measurement period to reflect new information 
obtained  about  facts  and  circumstances  that  existed  at  the  acquisition  date  that,  if  known, 
would  have  affected  the  amounts  recognized  as  of  December  31,  2021.  The  measurement 
period will not exceed one year from the acquisition dates. 

The  amount  of  revenue  contributed  by  the  acquisitions  performed  during  2021  to  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company for the year 2021 is $163.5 million, and the 
amount of profit after tax is $0.8 million. Had the acquisitions been consolidated from January 
1, 2021, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income would have included additional 
revenue of $17.7 million and additional profit after tax of $3.3 million. 

For the year ended December 31, 2020 

On April 3, 2020, the Company completed the investment in a 35% stake in a renewable energy 
platform in Chile for approximately $4 million and the acquisition of Chile PV 1, a 55 MW solar 
PV  plant,  through  the  platform.  Atlantica  has  control  over  Chile  PV  1  under  IFRS  10, 
Consolidated Financial Statements. The acquisition of Chile PV 1 was accounted for in these 
Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with IFRS 3, Business Combinations, showing 
65% of non-controlling interest. Chile PV 1 is included within the Renewable energy sector and 
the South America geography. 

186 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    
    
    
    
    
On May 31, 2020, the Company obtained the right to appoint the majority of directors of the 
board of Befesa Agua Tenes, which owns a 51% stake in Tenes, and therefore controls the asset, 
a  water  desalination  plant  in  Algeria.  The  total  investment  amounted  to  approximately  $19 
million  as  of  May  31,  2020.  The  acquisition  had  been  accounted  for  in  these  Consolidated 
Financial Statements of Atlantica, in accordance with IFRS 3, Business Combinations, showing 
49%  of  non-controlling  interests.  Tenes  is  included  within  the  Water  sector  and  the  EMEA 
geography. 

The amount of assets and liabilities consolidated at the effective acquisition date is shown in the 
following table: 

Business combinations 
for the year ended December 31, 2020 
$‘000 

Contracted concessional assets (Note 6) 
Other non-current assets 
Cash and cash and equivalent 
Other current assets 
Non-current Project debt (Note 15) 
Current Project debt (Note 15) 
Other current and non-current liabilities 
Non-controlling interests 
Total net assets acquired at fair value 
Asset acquisition - purchase price 
Net result of business combinations 

172,321   
356   
17,646   
31,421   
(149,585)   
(8,680)   
(15,561)   
(25,308)   
22,610   
(22,610)   
-   

The purchase price equalled the fair value of the net assets acquired. 

The  amount  of  revenue  contributed  by  the  acquisitions  performed  during  2020  to  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company for the year 2020 was $22.5 million, and the 
amount of profit after tax was $6.3 million. Had the acquisitions been consolidated from January 
1, 2020, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income would have included additional 
revenue of $14.7 million and additional profit after tax of $3.7 million. 

In April and May 2021, the provisional period for the purchase price allocation of Chile PV 1 
and  Tenes,  respectively,  closed  and  did  not  result  in  significant  adjustments  to  the  initial 
amounts recognized. 

187 

 
 
 
  
  
    
  
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  
  
6.  Contracted Concessional Assets 

Contracted concessional assets correspond to the assets of the Company recorded as intangible 
or financial assets in accordance with IFRIC 12, property plant and equipment in accordance 
with IAS 16 and financial asset in accordance with IFRS 16. 

For further details on the application of IFRIC 12 to assets of the Company, see Note 26. 

The following table shows the movements of assets included in the heading “Contracted 

a) 
Concessional assets” for 2021: 

Cost 

Financial 
assets 
under IFRIC 
12 

Financial 
assets 
under 
IFRS 16 

(Lessor) 

Intangible 
assets under 
IFRIC 12 

Intangible 
assets 
under IFRS 
16 (Lessee) 

Property, 
plant and 
equipment 
under IAS 16 
and other 
intangible 
assets under 
IAS 38 

Total assets 

Total as of January 1, 
2021 

Additions 

Subtractions  

Business combinations 
(Note 5) 

Currency translation 
differences 

Reclassification and 
other movements 

936,837 

2,941 

9,467,309 

66,230 

350,720 

10,824,037 

922 

442 

40,383 

2,459 

14,204 

58,410 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(348) 

- 

(21,282) 

(21,630) 

- 

19,148 

522,932 

542,080 

(9,519) 

(540) 

(334,497) 

(5,019) 

(20,703) 

(370,378) 

(53,715) 

- 

29,692 

- 

10,539 

(13,484) 

Total Cost 

874,525 

2,843 

9,202,539 

82,818 

856,410 

11,019,135 

Depreciation, 
amortization and 
impairment 

Financial 
assets 
under 
IFRIC 12 

Financial 
assets 
under 
IFRS 16 
(Lessor) 

Intangible 
assets under 
IFRIC 12 

Intangible 
assets 
under IFRS 
16 (Lessee) 

Property, 
plant and 
equipment 
under IAS 16 
and other 
intangible 
assets under 
IAS 38 

Total assets 

Total as of January 1, 2021 

(87,689) 

(418) 

24,929 

289 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(2,442,520) 

(10,060) 

(128,350) 

(2,668,619) 

(424,181) 

(4,759) 

(31,003) 

(460,361) 

- 

- 

- 

24,929 

97,356 

714 

8,125 

106,484 

Additions 

Reversal of impairment 

Currency translation 
differences 

Total depreciation, 
amortization and 
impairment 

(62,889) 

- 

(2,769,345) 

(14,105) 

(151,228) 

(2,997,567) 

188 

 
 
The  increase  in  the  contracted  concessional  assets  cost  is  primarily  due  to  business 
combinations for a total amount of $542 million (Note 5), partially offset by the lower value of 
the Euro denominated assets since the exchange rate of the Euro decreased against the U.S. 
dollar since December 31, 2020. 

This  increase  is  mainly  offset  by  the  amortization  charge  for  the  year  and  the  impairment 
registered in Solana (see below). 

The  decrease  included  in  “Reclassification  and  other  movement”  is  mainly  due  to  the 
reclassification  from  the  long  to  the  short  term  of  the  current  portion  of  the  contracted 
concessional financial assets. 

Solana triggering event of impairment 

Considering the delays in the improvements and replacements that the Company is carrying 
out  in  the  storage  system  in  Solana  and  their  impact  on  production  in  2021,  as  well  as  an 
increase  in  the  discount  rate,  the  Company  identified an  impairment triggering  event,  in 
accordance with  IAS  36,  Impairment  of  assets.  As  a  result,  an  impairment  test  has  been 
performed which resulted in the recording of an impairment loss of $43 million as of December 
31, 2021. 

The impairment has been recorded within the line “Depreciation, amortization and impairment 
charges”  of  the  consolidated  income  statement,  decreasing  the  amount  of  “Contracted 
concessional  assets”  pertaining  to  the  Renewable  energy  sector  and  the  North  America 
geography. The recoverable amount considered is the value in use and amounts to $943 million 
for  Solana,  as  of  December  31,  2021.  A  specific  discount  rate  has  been  used  in  each  year 
considering  changes  in  the  debt/equity  leverage  ratio  over  the  useful  life  of  this  project, 
resulting in the use of a range of discount rates between 4.5% and 5.0%. 

An adverse change in the key assumptions which are individually used for the valuation could 
lead to future impairment recognition; specifically, a 5% decrease in generation over the entire 
remaining  useful  life  (PPA)  of  the  project  would  generate  an  additional  impairment  of 
approximately $69 million. An increase of 50 basis points in the discount rate would lead to an 
additional impairment of approximately $41 million. 

The  Company  did  not  identify  any  other  triggering  event  of  impairment  of  its  contracted 
concessional assets as of December 31, 2021. 

Expected credit losses 

The  impairment  provision  based  on  the  expected  credit  losses  on  contracted  concessional 
financial assets, calculated in accordance with IFRS 9, Financial instruments, decreased by $25 
million in the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily in ACT following an improvement of its 
client’s credit risk metrics. 

The following table shows the movements of assets included in the heading “Contracted 

b) 
Concessional assets” for 2020: 

189 

 
Cost 

Financial 
assets under 
IFRIC 12 

Financial 
assets 
under 
IFRS 16 

(Lessor) 

Intangible 
assets 
under IFRIC 
12 

Intangible 
assets 
under IFRS 
16 (Lessee) 

Property, 
plant and 
equipment 
under AIS 16 
and other 
intangible 
assets under 
IAS 38 

Total assets 

Total as of January 
1, 2020 

Additions 

Subtractions  

Business 
combinations (Note 
5) 

Currency 
translation 
differences 

Reclassification and 
other movements 

872,945 

3,459 

9,183,011 

60,618 

264,564 

10,384,597 

- 

- 

102,560 

- 

- 

- 

29,213 

(71,706) 

1,832 

(954) 

4,310 

(223) 

35,355 

(72,883) 

- 

385 

63,916 

166,861 

(8,166) 

(163) 

326,791 

4,349 

18,153 

340,964 

(30,502) 

(355) 

- 

- 

- 

(30,857) 

Total Cost 

936,837 

2,941 

9,467,309 

66,230 

350,720 

10,824,037 

Depreciation, 
amortization and 
impairment 

Financial 
assets 
under 
IFRIC 12 

Financial 
assets 
under 
IFRS 16 
(Lessor) 

Intangible 
assets under 
IFRIC 12 

Intangible 
assets 
under IFRS 
16 (Lessee) 

Property, 
plant and 
equipment 
under IAS 
16 and 
other 
intangible 
assets 
under IAS 
38 

Total assets 

Total as of January 1, 2020 

(57,258) 

(27,111) 

- 

- 

(3,797) 

476 

Additions 

Subtractions  

Reversal of impairment 

Business combinations 
(Note 5) 

Currency translation 
differences 

Total depreciation, 
amortization and 
impairment 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(2,055,946) 

(6,585) 

(103,679) 

(2,223,468) 

(338,393) 

(3,527) 

(15,958) 

(384,989) 

17,571 

18,787 

- 

634 

49 

18,253 

- 

- 

- 

- 

17,787 

(3,797) 

(84,538) 

(581) 

(8,762) 

(93,404) 

(87,689) 

- 

(2,442,520) 

(10,060) 

(128,350) 

(2,668,619) 

During 2020, the cost of contracted concessional assets increased primarily due to the effect of 

190 

 
 
 
the  appreciation  of  the  Euro  against  the  U.S.  dollar  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020, 
compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, and to the acquisition of new concessional 
assets (Note 5). 

This  increase  was  mainly  offset  by  the  amortization  charge  for  the  year  and  the  write-off 
registered in Solana (see below). 

The  decrease  included  in  “Reclassification  and  other  movements”  was  mainly  due  to  the 
reclassification  from  the  long  to  the  short  term  of  the  current  portion  of  the  contracted 
concessional financial assets. 

Solana storage system partial write-off 

The availability in the storage system of Solana was lower than expected in 2020 due to certain 
leaks  identified  in  the  storage  system  in  the  first  quarter.  The  Company  identified  some 
elements of the storage system to be replaced, which were written off in these Consolidated 
Financial  Statements  through  profit  and  loss  in  the  line  “Depreciation,  amortization,  and 
impairment charges” for an estimated net book value of approximately $48 million. 

Solana triggering event of impairment 

The Company identified in 2020 a triggering event of impairment for Solana as a result of the 
underperformance of the plant in terms of production. The Company therefore performed an 
impairment test as of December 31, 2020, which resulted in the recoverable amount (value in 
use) exceeding the carrying amount of the asset by 10%. To determine the value in use of the 
asset,  a  specific  discount  rate  had  been  used  in  each  year  considering  changes  in  the 
debt/equity leverage ratio over the useful life of this project, resulting in the use of a range of 
discount rates between 3.8% and 4.3%. 

An adverse change in the key assumptions which are individually used for the valuation would 
not have led to future impairment recognition; neither in case of a 5% decrease in generation 
over the entire remaining useful life (PPA) of the project nor in case of an increase of 50 basis 
points in the discount rate. 

Change in the useful life of the solar plants in Spain 

Further to the recent developments in the Energy and Climate Policy Framework adopted by 
Spain in 2020, the Company concluded that the expected deep transformation of the electricity 
sector in Spain would probably significantly reduce the market price at which the electricity is 
sold in the mid- to long-term. In particular, the Company believed this may impact the price 
captured by the Company’s solar plants in Spain after the end of the regulation in place (2035 
to 2038 onwards). As a result, the price captured by the plants after 2035 to 2038 (the end of 
the 25 years regulatory period) would likely not be sufficient to cover operating costs. In this 
case, the plants would stop operating and be dismantled at that point in time. 

The  Company  believed  that  it  was  possible  that  long-term  price  evolution  and  technology 
changes could result in scenarios where the plants may continue to operate after the end of the 
regulatory  period.  Nevertheless,  given  the  information  currently  available,  the  Company 
decided to reduce the useful life of the CSP plants in Spain from 35 years to 25 years after COD. 
This change of estimate of the useful life, effective September 1st, 2020, was accounted for as 
a  change  in  accounting  estimate  in  accordance  with  IAS  8,  Accounting  Policies,  Changes  in 
Accounting Estimates and Errors. 

191 

 
The main impacts recorded prospectively in these Consolidated Financial Statements were: 

-  an increased amortization charge from September 1st, 2020, considering the reduction 
in the residual useful life of the plants. The impact was approximately $23 million as of 
December  31,  2020,  recorded  within  the  line  “Depreciation,  amortization  and 
impairment charges” in the profit and loss statement. 

-  an increase in the discounted value of the dismantling provision, as the dismantling of 
the plants would occur earlier. The provision increased by approximately $13 million as 
of December 31, 2020 (Note 16). 

In  addition,  reducing  the  useful  life  of  the  solar  plants  in  Spain  was  a  triggering  event  of 
impairment, given that the recoverable amount of the asset is negatively impacted if the plants 
stop operating in year 25 after COD. 

The Company therefore performed an impairment test as of December 31, 2020, which resulted 
in the recoverable amount (value in use) exceeding the carrying amount of the assets by 6%. 
To  determine  the  value  in  use  of  the  assets,  a  specific  discount  rate  was  used  in  each  year 
considering  changes  in  the  debt/equity  leverage  ratio  over  the  useful  life  of  these  projects, 
resulting in the use of a range of discount rates between 3.3% and 3.8%. 

An adverse change in the key assumptions which were individually used for the valuation would 
not lead to future impairment recognition; neither in case of a 5% decrease in generation over 
the entire remaining useful life of the projects nor in case of an increase of 50 basis points in 
the discount rate. 

Palmatir and Cadonal impairment reversals 

As part of the triggering event analysis performed for Palmatir and Cadonal assets in 2020, the 
Company identified factors, such as a reduced discount rate according to favourable market 
conditions,  increasing  their  recoverable  amount  (value  in  use).  The  Company  therefore 
performed  an  impairment  test  as  of  December  31,  2020,  which  resulted  in  the  reversal  of 
impairments previously recorded, for an amount of $15.6 million and $3.1 million in Cadonal 
and Palmatir, respectively, recorded within the line “Depreciation, amortization and impairment 
charges” of the profit and loss statement. 

No  losses  from  impairment  of  contracted  concessional  assets,  excluding  any  change  in  the 
provision for expected credit losses under IFRS 9, Financial instruments, were recorded during 
the year ended December 31, 2020. The impairment provision based on the expected credit 
losses on contracted concessional financial assets increased by $29 million in the year ended 
December 31, 2020, primarily in ACT. 

7.  Investments Carried Under the Equity Method 

The table below shows the breakdown and the movement of the investments held in associates 
for 2021 and 2020: 

192 

 
 
Investments in associates 

Initial balance 

Share of profit 

Distributions 

Acquisitions  

2021 
$‘000 
116,614      

12,304      

(36,877)      

202,345      

Others (incl. currency translation differences)     

195      

2020 
$‘000 
139,925   

510   

(23,703)  

-   

(118)   

Final balance 

     294,581      

116,614   

The  increase  in  investments  carried  under  the  equity  method  in  2021,  is  primarily  due  to 
investment made in Vento II in June 2021, partially offset by the distributions received from this 
portfolio since then for $14.8 million, from Honaine for $4.4 million ($4.5 million in 2020) and 
from Amherst for $17.7 million ($16.1 million in 2020). A significant portion of the distributions 
received from Amherst are distributed by the Company to Algonquin Power Co. (Note 13). 

The tables below show a breakdown of stand-alone amounts of assets, revenues and profit and 
loss  as  well  as  other  information  of  interest  for  the  years  2021  and  2020  for  the  associated 
companies: 

Non- 
current 
assets 

% 
Shares     

Current 
assets 

Project 
debt 

Other non- 
current 
liabilities 

Other  
current 
liabilities 

Operating 
profit/ 
(loss) 

    Revenue     

Investment 
under the 
equity 
method 

Net 
profit/ 
(loss)      

Company 
2007 Vento II, LLC 

(*) 

   49.00    459,037     13,511   

Windlectric Inc 

(**) 

     30.00       310,751        11,036     

- 

- 

Myah Bahr 
Honaine, 

 62,387 

    10,259 

    104,461     34,216  

   32,806     

195,952  

  207,404 

       38,126 

       24,008       10,442   

152       

41,911   

S.P.A.(***) 

     25.50       151,830        59,020      51,721 

  18,142 

       3,293 

       53,450       33,935   

    24,899       

38,922   

Pemcorp SAPI de 

CV (****) 

     30.00       127,892       117,083      146,931    101,439 

       2,925 

       40,166        6,561   

     (6,522 )     

15,358   

Pectonex, R.F. 
Proprietary 
Limited 

Evacuacion 

     50.00        2,356       

-     

- 

  - 

       1 

-       

(186 ) 

(186 )     

1,495 

Valdecaballeros, 
S.L. 

     57.16        17,185       

976     

- 

  15,022 

       156 

938       

(63 ) 

(93 )     

923   

Evacuacion 

Villanueva del 
Rey, S.L 

ABY 

Infraestructuras 
S.L.U. 

     40.02        2,637       

63     

- 

  1,601 

       172 

-       

59   

-       

-   

     20.00       

238       

46     

- 

  - 

       5 

-       

(54 ) 

(54 )     

21   

As of December 31, 

2021 

294,581   

193 

 
  
    
  
    
    
    
    
 
  
    
    
    
    
  
    
      
    
 
      
    
      
    
      
    
    
        
        
 
 
               
                 
         
        
% 
Shares 

Non- 
current 
assets 

Current 
assets 

Project 
debt 

Other 
non- 
current 
liabilities 

Other 
current 
liabilities 

Revenue 

Operating 
profit/ 
(loss) 

Net 
profit/ 
(loss) 

Investment 
under the 
equity 
method 

57.16 

19,531 

1,130 

- 

16,721 

646 

853 

(167) 

(194) 

976 

25.50 

165,688 

57,808 

63,356 

17,617 

3,636 

50,739 

30,519 

12,402 

39,204 

50.00 

2,743 

- 

40.02 

3,201 

134 

5.00 

468,131 

156,528 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

1,861 

257 

- 

- 

(168) 

(168) 

1,587 

52 

- 

604,986 

25,773 

80,240 

17,415 

1,615 

- 

30 

30.00 

127,429 

121,468 

154,937 

104,893 

3,190 

28,832 

3,068 

(6,237) 

15,514 

20.00 

135 

84 

30.00 

316,251 

7,229 

50.00 

323 

210 

- 

- 

- 

- 

63 

- 

(53) 

(53) 

17 

216,765 

31,403 

23,663 

10,451 

(493) 

59,116 

- 

19 

- 

(66) 

(66) 

169 

Company 
Evacuacion 
Valdecaballeros, 
S.L. 
Myah Bahr 
Honaine, S.P.A.(***) 
Pectonex, R.F. 
Proprietary Limited 
Evacuacion 
Villanueva del Rey, 
S.L 
Ca Ku A1, S.A.P.I 
de CV (PTS) 
Pemcorp SAPI de 
CV (****) 
ABY 
Infraestructuras 
S.L.U. 
Windlectric Inc (**) 
Other renewable 
energy joint 
ventures (*****) 

As of December 31, 2020 

116,614 

The Company has no control over Evacuacion Valdecaballeros, S.L. as all relevant decisions of 
this company require the approval of a minimum of shareholders accounting for more than 
75% of the shares. 

None of the associated companies referred to above is a listed company. 

(*)  2007 Vento II, LLC, is the  holding company of a 596 MW portfolio of wind assets  in the U.S., 49% owned by 
Atlantica since June 16, 2021, and accounted for under the equity method in these Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Note 1). Share of profit of 2007 Vento II, LLC. included in these Consolidated Financial Statements amounts to $8.4 
million in 2021. 
(**) Windlectric Inc., the project entity, is 100% owned by Amherst Island Partnership which is accounted for under 
the equity method in these Consolidated Financial Statements. 
(***) Myah Bahr Honaine, S.P.A., the project entity, is 51% owned by Geida Tlemcen, S.L. which is accounted for using 
the equity method in these Consolidated Financial Statements. Geida Tlemcen, S.L. is 50% owned by Atlantica. Share 
of profit of Myah Bahr Honaine S.P.A. included in these Consolidated Financial Statements amounts to $6.4 million 
in 2021 and $3.1 million in 2020. 
(****)  Pemcorp  SAPI  de  CV,  Monterrey´s  project  entity,  is  100%  owned  by  Arroyo  Netherlands  II  B.V.  which  is 
accounted for under the equity method in these Consolidated Financial Statements. Arroyo Netherlands II B.V. is 
30% owned by Atlantica. Share of profit of Pemcorp SAPI de CV included in these Consolidated Financial Statements 
amounts to a loss of $2.0 million in 2021 and a loss of $1.9 million in 2020. 
(*****) Other renewable energy joint ventures in 2020 corresponded to investments made in the following entities: 
AC Renovables Sol 1 SAS Esp, PA Renovables Sol 1 SAS Esp, SJ Renovables Sun 1 SAS Esp and SJ Renovables Wind 
1 SAS Esp. As of December 31, 2021, these entities have been fully consolidated as the Company has gained control 
over these entities under IFRS 10, Consolidated Financial Statements. 

8.  Financial instruments by Category 

Financial  instruments,  in  addition  to  financial  assets  included  within  Contracted  concessional 
assets disclosed in Note 6, are primarily deposits, derivatives, trade and other receivables and 

194 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
loans.  Financial  instruments  by  category  (current  and  non-current),  reconciled  with  the 
statement of financial position as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows: 

Category 
Derivative assets 
Investment in Ten West Link 
Financial assets under IFRIC 12 
(short-term portion) 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and other equivalents 
Other financial investments 
Total financial assets 

Corporate debt 
Project debt 
Trade  and  other 
liabilities 
Derivative liabilities 

current 

Total financial liabilities 

Notes 
9 

11 
12 

14 
15 
17 

9 

Fair value through 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income 
$´000 

Fair value 
through 
profit or loss 
$’000 

Balance as of 
12.31.21 
$’000 

Amortized Cost 
$’000 

- 
- 

188,912 

307,143 
622,689 
87,657 
1,206,401 

1,023,071 
5,036,193 
113,907 

- 

6,173,171 

- 
14,459 

- 

- 
- 
- 
14,459 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

12,960 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
12,960 

- 
- 

- 

12,960 
14,459 
188,912 

307,143 
622,689 
87,657 
1,233,820 

1,023,071 
5,036,193 
113,907 

223,453 

223,453 

223,453 

6,396,624 

Category 
Derivative assets 
Investment in Ten West Link 
Investment in Rioglass 
Financial assets under IFRIC 12 
(short-term portion) 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and other equivalents 
Other financial investments 
Total financial assets 

Corporate debt 
Project debt 
Related parties – non-current 
Trade  and  other 
current 
liabilities 
Derivative liabilities 

Total financial liabilities 

Notes 
9 

11 
12 

14 
15 
10 
17 

9 

Amortized Cost 
$’000 

Fair value through 
Other Comprehensive 
Income 
$´000 

Fair value 
through 
profit or loss 
$’000 

Balance as of 
12.31.20 
$’000 

- 
- 
- 

178,198 

331,735 
868,501 
94,497 
1,472,931 

993,725 
5,237,614 
6,810 

92,557 

- 

6,330,707 

- 
12,896 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
12,896 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

1,559 
- 
2,687 

1,559 
12,896 
2,687 

- 

178,198 

- 
- 
- 
4,246 

- 
- 
- 

- 

331,735 
868,501 
94,497 
1,490,073 

993,725 
5,237,614 
6,810 

92,557 

328,184 

328,184 

328,184 

6,658,891 

Other  financial  investments  as  of  December  31,  2021  and  as  of  December  31,  2020  include 
among others, a loan to Monterrey (Note 7) and restricted cash for repairs or scheduled major 
maintenance work.  

195 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Investment  in  Ten  West  Link  is  a  12.5%  interest  in  a  114-mile  transmission  line  in  the  U.S., 
currently under development. 

The investment in Rioglass corresponded to a 15.12% equity interest as of December 31, 2020. 
The  Company  gained  control  over  the  business  in  January  2021,  which  is  fully  consolidated 
since then in these Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2021 (Note 5). 

9.  Derivative Financial Instruments 

The breakdown of the fair value amounts of the derivative financial instruments as of 
December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:  

Balance as of 12.31.21 

Balance as of 12.31.20 

Assets  
$’000 

Liabilities  
$’000 

Assets 
$’000  

Liabilities  
$’000 

Interest rate cash flow hedge 
Foreign exchange derivatives instruments 
Notes conversion option (Note 14) 
Total 

9,550 
3,410 
- 
12,960 

206,763 
- 
16,690 
223,453 

898 
661 
- 
1,559 

302,302 
- 
25,882 
328,184 

The  derivatives  are  primarily  interest  rate cash-flow  hedges.  All  are  classified  as  non-current 
assets or non-current liabilities, as they hedge long-term financing agreements. 

As stated in Note 3 to these consolidated financial statements, the general policy is to hedge 
variable interest rates of financing agreements using two types of hedging derivatives: 

- 

Interest rate swaps under which the Company receives the floating leg and pays 
the fixed leg; and 

-  Purchased  call  options  (cap),  in  exchange  of  a  premium  to  fix  the  maximum 

interest rate cost. 

The  notional  amounts  hedged,  strikes  contracted  and  maturities,  depending  on  the 
characteristics of the debt on which the interest rate risk is being hedged, can be diverse: 

-  Project  debt  in  Euros:  the  Company  hedges  between  75%  and  100%  of  the 
notional  amount,  with  hedges  maturing  up  to  2038  and  average  guaranteed 
interest rate of between 0.00% and 4.87%. 

-  Project debt in U.S. dollars: the Company hedges between 75% and 100% of the 
notional  amount,  with  hedges  maturing  up  to  2038  and  average  guaranteed 
interest rate of between 0.86% and 5.89%. 

The table below shows a breakdown of the maturities of notional amounts of interest rate cash 
flow hedge derivatives designated as cash flow hedges as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

196 

 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Notionals 

Balance as of 12.31.21 

Balance as of 12.31.20 

Up to 1 year 
Between 1 and 2 years 
Between 2 and 3 years 
Subsequent years 

Total 

$’000 

$’000 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Assets 

Liabilities 

71,386 
304,930 
262,973 
217,989 

106,191 
240,197 
271,350 
860,777 

61,364 
296,828 
257,548 
292,011 

120,874 
249,785 
276,111 
852,696 

857,278 

1,478,515 

907,752 

1,499,466 

The table below shows a breakdown of the maturity of the fair values of interest rate cash flow 
hedge derivative as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.  

Fair value 

Up to 1 year 
Between 1 and 2 years 
Between 2 and 3 years 
Subsequent years 

Total 

Balance as of 12.31.21 
$’000 

Balance as of 12.31.20 
$’000 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Assets 

Liabilities 

678 
1,810 
2,268 
4,794 

(15,039) 
(33,670) 
(39,834) 
(118,220) 

59 
255 
305 
280 

(21,042) 
(48,276) 
(55,220) 
(177,764) 

9,550 

(206,763) 

898 

(302,302) 

The net amount of the fair value of interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges 
transferred to the consolidated income statement in 2021 is a loss of $58,292 thousand (loss of 
$58,381 thousand in 2020).  

The after-tax result accumulated in equity in connection with derivatives designated as cash 
flow hedges at the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, amount to a $171,272 thousand 
gain and a $96,641 thousand gain respectively. 

Additionally, the Company has currency options with leading international financial institutions, 
which guarantee minimum Euro-U.S. dollar exchange rates. The strategy of the Company is to 
hedge the exchange rate for the net distributions from its European assets after deducting euro-
denominated interest payments and euro-denominated general and administrative expenses. 
Through  currency  options,  the  strategy  of  the  Company  is  to  hedge  100%  of  its  euro-
denominated  net  exposure  for  the  next  12  months  and  75%  of  its  euro  denominated  net 
exposure for the following 12 months, on a rolling basis. Change in fair value of these foreign 
exchange derivatives instruments are directly recorded in the consolidated income statement. 

Finally, the conversion option of the Green Exchangeable Notes issued in July 2020 (Note 14) is 
recorded as a derivative with a negative fair value (liability) of $17 million as of December 31, 
2021 ($26 million as of December 31, 2020). 

10. Related Party Transactions 

The related parties of the Company are primarily Algonquin and its subsidiaries, non-controlling 
interests  (Note  13),  entities  accounted  for  under  the  equity  method  (Note  7)  as  well  as  the 
Directors and the Senior Management of the Company. 

197 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
Details of balances with related parties as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows: 

Credit receivables (current) 

Credit receivables (non-current) 

Total receivables with related parties 

Credit payables (current) 

Credit payables (non-current) 

Total payables with related parties 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2020 
$’000 

19,387 

15,768 

35,155 

9,494 

5 

9,499 

23,067 

10,082 

33,149 

18,477 

6,810 

25,287 

Current credit receivables as of December 31, 2021 mainly correspond to the short-term portion 
of  the  loan  to  Arroyo  Netherland  II  B.V.,  the  holding  company  of  Pemcorp  SAPI  de  CV., 
Monterrey´s project company (Note 7) for $10.0 million ($15.5 million as of December 31, 2020) 
and to a dividend to be collected from Amherst Island Partnership for $6.3 million ($4.3 million 
as of December 31, 2020). 

Non-current credit receivables as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 correspond to 
the long-term portion of the loan to Arroyo Netherland II B.V. 

Credit payables relate to debts with non-controlling partners in Kaxu, Solaben 2 & 3 and Solacor 
1 & 2 for an amount of $3.4 million as of December 31, 2021 ($21.1 million as of December 31, 
2020). The decrease is primarily due to debt repayment at Kaxu. Current credit payables also 
include the dividend to be paid by AYES Canada to Algonquin for $6.1 million as of December 
31, 2021 ($4.2 million as of December 31, 2020). 

The transactions carried out by entities included in these Consolidated Financial Statements with 
related  parties  not  included  in  the  consolidation  perimeter  of  Atlantica,  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2021 and 2020 have been as follows: 

Financial income 

Financial expense 

For the year ended December 31, 

2021 
$’000 

2,069    

(97) 

2020 
$’000 

2,017 

(155) 

The  total  amount  of  the  remuneration  received  by  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Company, 
including the CEO, amounts to $4.6 million in 2021 ($3.4 million in 2020), including $1.0 million 
of annual bonus ($1.0 million in 2020) and $1.9 million of long-term award vested in 2021 ($0.8 
million in 2020). The increase of the total remuneration in 2021 is mainly due to the increase of 
the long-term award, as a result of the vesting in 2021 of one-third of the share options awarded 
in 2020 and the increase of Atlantica’s share price. None of the directors received any pension 
remuneration in 2021 nor 2020. 

198 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. Trade and Other Receivables 

Trade and other receivables as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, consist of the following: 

Trade receivables 

Tax receivables 

Prepayments 

Other accounts receivable 

Total 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2020 
$’000 

227,343 

59,350 

9,342 

11,108 
307,143 

258,087 

50,663 

12,074 

10,911 

331,735 

As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the fair value of trade and other accounts receivable does 
not differ significantly from its carrying value.  

Trade receivables in foreign currency as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, are as follows: 

Euro 
South African Rand 
Other 
Total 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2020 
$’000 

65,854 
24,513 
13,330 
103,697 

105,826 
24,121 
6,929 
136,876 

The  decrease  in  trade  receivables  in  Euro  as  of  December  31,  2021  is  primarily  due  to  the 
improvement in the collection of receivables from the Spanish state-owned regulator Comision 
Nacional de los Mercados y de la Competencia or “CNMC” (solar assets in Spain). 

12. Cash and Cash Equivalents 

The following table shows the detail of cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2021 and 
2020: 

Cash at bank and on hand - non-restricted 
Cash at bank and on hand - restricted 

2021 
$’000 

368,381 
254,308 

2020 
$’000 

588,690 
279,811 

Total 

622,689 

868,501 

Cash includes funds held to satisfy the customary requirements of certain non-recourse debt 
agreements within the Company´s projects (Note 15) amounting to $254 million as of December 
31, 2021 ($280 million as of December 31, 2020). 

The following breakdown shows the main currencies in which cash and cash equivalent balances 
are denominated:

199 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
US Dollar 

Euro  

South African Rand 

Mexican Peso 

Algerian Dinar 

Others 

2021 
$’000 

2020 
$’000 

318,071 

575,567 

230,136 

196,431 

38,268 

4,926 

21,156 

10,132 

40,561 

23,570 

21,114 

11,258 

622,689 

868,501 

13. Equity 

As  of  December  31,  2021,  the  share  capital  of  the  Company  amounts  to  $11,240,297 
($10,667,087  as  of  December  31,  2020)  represented  by  112,402,973  ordinary  shares 
(106,670,866 shares as of December 31, 2020) fully subscribed and disbursed with a nominal 
value of $0.10 each, all in the same class and series. Each share grants one voting right. 

Algonquin  owns  43.6%  of  the  shares  of  the  Company  and  is  its  largest  shareholder  as  of 
December 31,2021. 

On  December  11,  2020  the  Company  closed  an  underwritten  public  offering  of  5,069,200 
ordinary  shares,  including  661,200  ordinary  shares  sold  pursuant  to  the  full  exercise  of  the 
underwriters’  over-allotment  option,  at  a  price  of  $33  per  new  share.  Gross  proceeds  were 
approximately $167 million. Given that the offering was issued through a subsidiary in Jersey, 
which  became  wholly  owned  by  the  Company  at  closing,  and  subsequently  liquidated,  the 
premium  on  issuance  was  credited  to  a  merger  reserve  account  (Capital  reserves),  net  of 
issuance  costs,  for  $161  million.  Additionally,  Algonquin  committed  to  purchase  4,020,860 
ordinary shares in a private placement in order to maintain its previous equity ownership of 
44.2% in the Company. The private placement closed on January 7, 2021. Gross proceeds were 
approximately $133 million ($131 million net of issuance costs). 

During the first quarter of 2021, the Company changed the accounting treatment applied to its 
existing long-term incentive plans granted to employees from cash-settled to equity-settled in 
accordance with IFRS 2, Share-based Payment, as a result of incentives being settled in shares. 
The liability recognized for the rights vested by the employees under such plans at the date of 
this change, was reclassified to equity within the line “Accumulated deficit” for approximately 
$9 million. The settlement in shares was approved by the Board of Directors on February 26, 
2021, and the Company issued 141,482 new shares to its employees up to December 31, 2021, 
to settle a portion of these plans. 

On  August  3,  2021,  the  Company  established  an  “at-the-market  program”  (the  “ATM”)  and 
entered into the distribution agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as sales agent, (the 
“Distribution Agreement”) under which the Company may offer and sell from time to time up 

200 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
to  $150  million  of  its  ordinary  shares.  The  Company  also  entered  into  an  agreement  with 
Algonquin  pursuant  to  which  the  Company  has  offered  Algonquin  the  right  but  not  the 
obligation,  on  a  quarterly  basis,  to  purchase  a  number  of  ordinary  shares  to  maintain  its 
percentage interest in Atlantica at the average price of the shares sold under the Distribution 
Agreement in the previous quarter (the “ATM Plan Letter Agreement”). During the year 2021, 
the  Company  sold  1,613,079  shares  at  an  average  market  price  of  $38.43  pursuant  to  its 
Distribution Agreement, representing net proceeds of $61 million. Pursuant to the ATM Plan 
Letter Agreement, the Company delivers a notice to Algonquin quarterly in order for them to 
exercise their rights thereunder. 

Atlantica´s reserves as of December 31, 2021 are made up of share premium account and capital 
reserves. The share premium account reduction by $200 million during the year 2021, increasing 
capital reserves by the same amount, was made effective upon the confirmation received from 
the High Court in the UK, pursuant to the Companies Act 2006. 

Other reserves primarily include the change in fair value of cash flow hedges and its tax effect. 

Accumulated  currency  translation  differences  primarily  include  the  result  of  translating  the 
financial  statements  of  subsidiaries  prepared  in  a  foreign  currency  into  the  presentation 
currency of the Company, the U.S. dollar. 

Accumulated deficit primarily includes results attributable to Atlantica. 

Non-controlling interests fully relate to interests held by JGC in Solacor 1 and Solacor 2, by Idae 
in Seville PV, by Itochu Corporation in Solaben 2 and Solaben 3, by Algerian Energy Company, 
SPA and Sacyr Agua S.L. in Skikda, by Algerian Energy Company, SPA in Tenes, by Industrial 
Development  Corporation  of  South  Africa  (IDC)  and  Kaxu  Community  Trust  in  Kaxu,  by 
Algonquin Power Co. in AYES Canada, and by partners of the Company in the Chilean renewable 
energy platform in Chile PV 1 and Chile PV 2. 

Dividends declared during the year 2021 by the Board of Directors of the Company were: 

-  On  February 26,  2021,  the  Board  of  Directors  declared a  dividend  of  $0.42 per  share 

corresponding to the fourth quarter of 2020. The dividend was paid on March 22, 2021 

for a total amount of $46.5 million. 

-  On  May  4,  2021,  the  Board  of  Directors  declared  a  dividend  of  $0.43  per  share 

corresponding to the first quarter of 2021. The dividend was paid on June 15, 2021 for 

a total amount of $47.7 million. 

-  On  July  30,  2021,  the  Board  of  Directors  declared  a  dividend  of  $0.43  per  share 

corresponding to the second quarter of 2021. The dividend was paid on September 15, 

2021 for a total amount of $47.8 million. 

-  On November 9, 2021, the Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.435 per share 

corresponding  to  the  third  quarter of 2021.  The dividend  was paid  on  December 15, 

2021 for a total amount of $48.6 million. 

In  addition,  the  Company  declared  dividends  and  distributions  to  non-controlling  interests, 
primarily to Algonquin (interests in Amherst through AYES Canada, see Note 7) for $17.3 million 

201 

 
in 2021 ($14.7 million in 2020), Algerian Energy Company for $6.6 million in 2021 ($3.7 million 
in 2020) and Itochu for $5.7 million in 2021 ($1.4 million in 2020). 

As of December 31, 2021, there was no treasury stock and there have been no transactions with 
treasury stock during the period then ended.  

14. Corporate Debt 

The breakdown of the corporate debt as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:  

Non-current  

Current 

Total Non-current  

Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2020 
$’000 

995,190 
27,881 

1,023,071 

970,077 
23,648 

993,725 

On July 20, 2017, the Company signed a credit facility (the “2017 Credit Facility”) for up to €10 
million, approximately $11.4 million, which is available in euros or U.S. dollars. Amounts drawn 
down accrue interest at a rate per year equal to EURIBOR plus 2% or LIBOR plus 2%, depending 
on the currency, with a floor of 0% on the LIBOR and EURIBOR. As of December 31, 2021, $8.2 
million were drawn down. As of December 31, 2020, the 2017 Credit Facility was fully available. 
The credit facility maturity is July 1, 2023. 

On May 10, 2018, the Company entered into the Revolving Credit Facility for $215 million with 
a syndicate of banks. Amounts drawn down accrue interest at a rate per year equal to (A) for 
Eurodollar rate loans, LIBOR plus a percentage determined by reference to the leverage ratio of 
the Company, ranging between 1.60% and 2.25% and (B) for base rate loans, the highest of (i) 
the rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight U.S. Federal funds 
transactions with members of the U.S. Federal Reserve System arranged by U.S. Federal funds 
brokers on such day plus ½ of 1.00%, (ii) the U.S. prime rate and (iii) LIBOR plus 1.00%, in any 
case, plus a percentage determined by reference to the leverage ratio of the Company, ranging 
between  0.60%  and  1.00%.  Letters  of  credit  may  be  issued  using  up  to  $100  million  of  the 
Revolving  Credit  Facility.  During  2019,  the amount  of  the  Revolving  Credit  Facility  increased 
from $215 million to $425 million and the maturity was extended to December 31, 2022. In the 
first quarter of 2021, the Company increased the amount of the Revolving Credit Facility from 
$425  million  to  $450  million  and  the  maturity  was  extended  to  December  31,  2023.  On 
December 31, 2021, the Company had issued letters of credit for $10 million, therefore, $440 
million of the Revolving Credit Facility are available ($415 million as of December 31, 2020). 

On April 30, 2019, the Company entered into the Note Issuance Facility 2019, a senior unsecured 
note facility with a group of funds managed by Westbourne Capital as purchasers of the notes 
issued thereunder for a total amount of €268 million, approximately $305 million, with maturity 
date  on  April  30,  2025.  Interest  accrues  at  a  rate  per  annum  equal  to  the  sum  of  3-month 
EURIBOR plus 4.50%. The interest rate on the Note Issuance Facility 2019 is fully hedged by an 
interest rate swap resulting in the Company paying a net fixed interest rate of 4.24%. The Note 
Issuance Facility 2019 provided that the Company may capitalize interest on the notes issued 

202 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
thereunder for a period of up to two years from closing at the Company´s discretion, subject to 
certain conditions, and the Company elected to capitalize such interest until the end of 2020. 
The Note Issuance Facility 2019 has been fully repaid on June 4, 2021, and subsequently delisted 
from the Official List of The International Stock Exchange. 

On October 8, 2019, the Company filed a euro commercial paper program (the “Commercial 
Paper”) with the Alternative Fixed Income Market (MARF) in Spain. The program had an original 
maturity of twelve months and was extended for another twelve-month period on October 8, 
2020. The program allowed Atlantica to issue short term notes over the next twelve months for 
up to €50 million (approximately $57 million), with such notes having a tenor of up to two years. 
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had €21.5 million (approximately $24.4 million) issued 
and outstanding under the program at an average cost of 0.36% (€17.4 million, approximately 
$19.8 million, as of December 31, 2020). 

On  April  1,  2020,  the  Company  closed  the  secured  2020  Green  Private  Placement  for  €290 
million (approximately $330 million). The private placement accrues interest at an annual 1.96% 
interest rate, payable quarterly and has a June 2026 maturity. 

On July 8, 2020, the Company entered into the Note Issuance Facility 2020, a senior unsecured 
financing with a group of funds managed by Westbourne Capital as purchasers of the notes 
issued thereunder for a total amount of approximately $159 million, which is denominated in 
euros (€140 million). The Note Issuance Facility 2020 was issued on August 12, 2020, accrues 
annual interest of 5.25%, payable quarterly and has a maturity of seven years from the closing 
date. 

On  July  17,  2020,  the  Company  issued  the  Green  Exchangeable  Notes  for  $100  million  in 
aggregate  principal  amount  of  4.00%  convertible  bonds  due  in  2025.  On  July  29,  2020,  the 
Company  closed  an  additional  $15  million  aggregate  principal  amount  of  the  Green 
Exchangeable Notes. The notes mature on July 15, 2025 and bear interest at a rate of 4.00% per 
annum. The initial exchange rate of the notes is 29.1070 ordinary shares per $1,000 principal 
amount of notes, which is equivalent to an initial exchange price of $34.36 per ordinary share. 
Noteholders may exchange their notes at their option, at any time prior to the close of business 
on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding April 15, 2025, only during certain periods 
and  upon  satisfaction  of  certain  conditions.  On  or  after  April  15,  2025,  noteholders  may 
exchange their notes at any time. Upon exchange, the notes may be settled, at the election of 
the Company, into Atlantica ordinary shares, cash or a combination thereof. The exchange rate 
is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events. 

As  per  IAS  32,  “Financial  Instruments:  Presentation”,  the  conversion  option  of  the  Green 
Exchangeable Notes is an embedded derivative classified within the line “Derivative liabilities” 
of these Consolidated Financial Statements (Note 9). It was initially valued at the transaction 
date for $10 million, and prospective changes to its fair value are accounted for directly through 
the profit and loss statement. The principal element of the Green Exchangeable Notes, classified 
within the line “Corporate debt” of these Consolidated Financial Statements, is initially valued 
as the difference between the consideration received from the holders of the instrument and 
the  value  of  the  embedded  derivative,  and  thereafter,  at  amortized  cost  using  the  effective 
interest method as per IFRS 9, “Financial Instruments”. 

On  December  4,  2020,  the  Company  entered  into  a  loan  with  a  bank  for  €5  million, 

203 

 
approximately  $5.7  million.  This  loan  accrues  interest  at  a rate  per  year equal  to 2.50%.  The 
maturity date is December 4, 2025. 

On May 18, 2021, the Company issued the Green Senior Notes due in 2028 in an aggregate 
principal amount of $400 million. The notes mature on May 15, 2028 and bear interest at a rate 
of  4.125%  per  annum  payable  on  June  15  and  December  15  of  each  year,  commencing 
December 15, 2021. 

The repayment schedule for the Corporate debt at the end of 2021 is as follows: 

2022 

2023 

2024 

2025 

2026 

Subsequent 
years 

Total 

2017 Credit Facility 
Commercial paper 
2020 Green Private Placement 
Note Issuance Facility 2020 
Green Exchangeable Notes 
Bank Loans 
Green Senior Note 
Total 

5 
24,422 
359 
- 
2,121 
11 
963 
27,881 

8,199 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,895 
- 
10,094 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,895 
- 
1,895 

- 
- 
- 
- 
104,289 
1,862 
- 

- 
- 
327,081 
- 
- 
- 
- 

106,151 

327,081 

- 
- 
- 
155,814 
- 
- 
394,155 
549,969 

8,204 
24,422 
327,440 
155,814 
106,410 
5,663 
395,118 
1,023,071 

The repayment schedule for the Corporate debt at the end of 2020 was as follows: 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

2025 

Subsequent 
years 

2017 Credit Facility 
Notes Issuance Facility 2019 
Commercial paper 
2020 Green Private Placement 
Note Issuance Facility 2020 
Green Exchangeable Notes 
Bank loan 
Total 

41 
- 
21,224 
289 
- 
2,083 
11 
23,648 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2,036 
2,036 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2,036 
2,036 

- 
343,999 
- 
- 
- 
102,144 
1,990 
448,133 

- 
- 
- 
351,026 
166,846 
- 
- 
517,872 

Total 

41 
343,999 
21,224 
351,315 
166,846 
104,227 
6,073 
993,725 

The following table details the movement in corporate debt for the years 2021 and 2020, split 
between cash and non-cash items: 

Corporate Debt 
Initial balance 
Cash changes 
Non-cash changes 
Final balance 

2021 
    993,725 

2020 
723,791   
14,754        171,182  
14,592       
98,752  
993,725 

    1,023,071 

The  non-cash  changes  primarily  relate  to  interests  accrued  and  to  currency  translation 
differences. 

15. Project debt 

This note shows the project debt linked to the contracted concessional assets included in Note 
6 of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Project debt is generally used to finance contracted assets, exclusively using as a guarantee the 

204 

 
 
 
 
   
  
   
   
 
assets and cash flows of the company or group of companies carrying out the activities financed. 
In  most  of  the  cases,  the  assets  and/or  contracts  are  set  up  as  a  guarantee  to  ensure  the 
repayment  of  the  related  financing. In  addition, the  cash  of  the  Company´s  projects  includes 
funds held to satisfy the customary requirements of certain non-recourse debt agreements and 
other restricted cash for an amount of $254 million as of December 31, 2021 ($280 million as of 
December 31, 2020). 

The variations in 2021 of project debt have been the following: 

Project debt - long 
term 
$’000 

Project debt - short 
term 
$’000 

Balance as of December 31, 2020 
Increases 
Decreases 
Business Combination (Note 5) 
Currency translation differences 
Reclassifications 
Balance as of December 31, 2021 

4,925,268 
54,908 
(85,259) 
288,352 
(140,502) 
(655,093) 
4,387,674 

312,346 
256,581 
(564,603) 
38,781 
(49,679) 
655,093 
648,519 

Total 
$’000 

5,237,614 
311,489 
(649,862) 
327,133 
(190,181) 
- 
5,036,193 

The decrease in total project debt as of December 31, 2021 is primarily due to: 

- 

the  repayment  of  project  debt  for  the  period  in  accordance  with  the  financing 

arrangements; and 

- 

the lower value of debt denominated in Euros given the depreciation of the Euro against 

the U.S. dollar since December 31, 2020. 

The decrease of project debt during the year 2021 has been partially offset by the business 
combinations, being the acquisitions of Rioglass, Coso, Chile PV 2, Italy PV 1 and Italy PV 3 for 
a  total  amount  of  $327  million  (Note  5).  Interest  accrued  are  offset  by  a  similar  amount  of 
interest paid during the year. 

The Kaxu project financing arrangement contains cross-default provisions related to Abengoa 
such  that  debt  defaults  by  Abengoa,  subject  to  certain  threshold  amounts  and/or  a 
restructuring process, could trigger a default under the Kaxu project financing arrangement. 
The insolvency filing by the individual company Abengoa S.A. in February 2021 represents a 
theoretical event of default under the Kaxu project finance agreement. In September 2021, the 
Company obtained a waiver for such theoretical event of default which was conditional upon 
the replacement of the operation and maintenance supplier of the plant. On February 1, 2022, 
the Company transferred the employees performing the operation and maintenance services 
to an Atlantica subsidiary. The waiver has been extended until April 30, 2022 and is subject to 
the lenders receiving certain documentation from the Company, including formal evidence of 
the approval by the client and the department of energy of South Africa of the operation and 
maintenance  internalization  and  the  Company  is  currently  working  on  obtaining  such 
documentation. Although the Company does not expect the acceleration of debt to be declared 
by the credit entities, as of December 31, 2021 Kaxu did not have what International Accounting 
Standards define as an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the debt for at least twelve 
months, as the cross-default provisions make that right conditional. Therefore, Kaxu total debt, 

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previously presented as non-current as of December 31, 2020, has been presented as current 
in  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  of  the  Company  as  of  December  31,  2021  for  an 
amount of $315 million (Note 1). 

The variations in 2020 of project debt were the following:  

Project debt - long 
term 
$’000 

Project debt - short 
term 
$’000 

Balance as of December 31, 2019 
Increases 
Decreases 
Business Combination (Note 5) 
Currency translation differences 
Reclassifications 
Balance as of December 31, 2020 

4,069,909 
613,604 
(272,548) 
149,585 
150,506 
214,211 
4,925,268 

782,439 
268,339 
(552,770) 
8,680 
19,869 
(214,211) 
312,346 

Total 
$’000 

4,852,348 
881,943 
(825,318) 
158,265 
170,375 
- 
5,237,614 

The increase in total project debt as of December 31, 2020 was primarily due to: 

-  business combinations, being the acquisition of Chile PV I and Tenes for a total amount 

of $158 million (Note 5).  

-  a green project financing agreement entered into by Logrosan Solar Inversiones, S.A.U., 

the holding company of assets Solaben 1, 2, 3 and 6 in Spain, closed on April 8, 2020 for 

a €140 million nominal amount (approximately $159 million). 

-  a non-recourse project debt refinancing of Helioenergy assets by adding a new long 

dated tranche of debt from an institutional investor closed on July 10, 2020, providing 

with a net refinancing proceeds (net “recap”) of approximately $43 million. 

-  a non-recourse, project debt financing closed on July 14, 2020 for approximately €326 

million  (approximately  $371  million)  in  relation  to  Helios,  with  institutional  investors, 

which has refinanced the previous bank project debt with approximately €250 million 

outstanding and has cancelled legacy interest rate swaps. After transaction costs and 

cancelation of legacy swaps, net refinancing proceeds (net “recap”) were approximately 

$30 million. The accumulated impact of the change in fair value of the interest rate swaps 

recorded in Other reserves and any difference between the nominal amount of the debt 

repaid and the amortized cost of the debt have been transferred to the profit and loss 

in line “Other financial income/(expense), net” on transaction date for a total amount of 

$73 million (Note 21). 

- 

the higher value of debt denominated in Euro given the increase in the exchange rate 

of the Euro against the U.S. dollar since December 31, 2019. 

The increase of Project debt during the year 2020 has been partially offset by the contractual 
payments of debt for the year. Interests accrued are offset by a similar amount of interests paid 
during the year. 

Additionally,  on June 12,  2020  the  Company  refinanced  the  debt  of  Cadonal  (Uruguay).  The 

206 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
terms of the new debts are not substantially different from the original debts refinanced and 
therefore  the  exchange  of  debts  instruments  does  not  qualify  for  an  extinguishment  of  the 
original debts under IFRS 9, ´Financial instruments´. When there is a refinancing with a non-
substantial  modification  of  the  original  debt,  there  is  a  gain  or  loss  recorded  in  the  income 
statement. This gain or loss is equal to the difference between the present value of the cash 
flows under the original terms of the former financing and the present value of the cash flows 
under the new financing, discounted both at the original effective interest rate. In this respect, 
the Company recorded a $3.8 million financial income in the profit and loss statement of the 
consolidated financial statements (Note 21). 

Due  to  the  PG&E  Corporation  and  its  regulated  utility  subsidiary,  Pacific  Gas  and  Electric 
Company (“PG&E”), Chapter 11 filings in January 2019, a default of the PPA agreement with 
PG&E occurred. On July 1, 2020, PG&E emerged from Chapter 11 and the technical event of 
default was cured. As a result, as of December 31, 2020 the debt previously presented as current 
(during  the  year  2019)  was  reclassified  as  non-current  in  accordance  with  the  financing 
agreements in these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

The repayment schedule for project debt in accordance with the financing arrangements as of 
December 31, 2021, is as follows and is consistent with the projected cash flows of the related 
projects: 

                2022 

2023 

2024 

2025 

2026 

Interest 
Payment 

Nominal 
repayment 

Subsequent 
years 

Total 

18,017 

317,388 

355,956  

369,528 

498,712 

411,514 

3,065,078 

5,036,193 

The repayment schedule for project debt in accordance with the financing arrangements, as of 
December 31, 2020, was as follows and is consistent with the projected cash flows of the related 
projects: 

                2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

2025 

Interest 
Payment 

Nominal 
repayment 

Subsequent 
years 

Total 

19,287 

293,059 

328,364  

355,806 

371,548 

508,843 

3,360,707 

5,237,614 

The  following  table  details  the  movement  in  Project  debt  for  the  years  2021  and  2020,  split 
between cash and non-cash items: 

Project Debt 

Initial balance 

Cash changes 

Non-cash changes 

Final balance 

   2021 

2020 

  5,237,614    
(636,831)    
435,410    
    5,036,193       

4,852,348 

(254,495) 
639,761   
5,237,614 

The non-cash changes primarily relate to interest accrued, currency translation differences and 
the business combinations for the year. 

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The equivalent in U.S. dollars of the most significant foreign-currency-denominated debts held 
by the Company is as follows: 

Currency 

Euro 
South African Rand 
Algerian Dinar 

Total 

Balance as of December 31, 2021 
$’000 

Balance as of December 31, 2020 
$’000 

1,942,903 
314,471 
97,877 

2,355,251 

2,240,811 
355,414 
115,606 

2,711,830 

All of the Company’s financing agreements have a carrying amount close to its fair value. 

16. Grants and Other Liabilities 

Grants 
Other liabilities 

Balances as of 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

Balances as of 
December 31, 2020 
$’000  

970,557 
293,187 

1,028,765 
201,002 

Grant and other non-current liabilities 

1,263,744 

1,229,767 

As of December 31, 2021, the amount recorded in Grants primarily corresponds to the ITC Grant 
awarded by the U.S. Department of the Treasury to Solana and Mojave for a total amount of 
$642 million ($674 million as of December 31, 2020), which was primarily used to fully repay 
the Solana and Mojave short-term tranche of the loan with the Federal Financing Bank. The 
amount  recorded  in  Grants  as  a  liability  is  progressively  recorded  as  other  income  over  the 
useful life of the asset. 

The remaining balance of the “Grants” account corresponds to loans with interest rates below 
market  rates  for  Solana  and  Mojave  for  a  total  amount  of  $326  million  ($352  million  as  of 
December 31, 2020). Loans with the Federal Financing Bank guaranteed by the Department of 
Energy for these projects bear interest at a rate below market rates for these types of projects 
and  terms.  The  difference  between  proceeds  received  from  these  loans  and  its  fair  value,  is 
initially  recorded  as  “Grants”  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position,  and 
subsequently recorded in “Other operating income” starting at the entry into operation of the 
plants. 

Total amount of income for these two types of grants for Solana and Mojave is $58.7 million 
and $58.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively (Note 20). 

Other liabilities mainly include: 

-  $59 million of lease liabilities ($52 million as of December 31, 2020); 

-  $125  million  of  dismantling  provision  as  of  December  31,  2021  ($88  million  as  of 

December 31, 2020); and 

-  $75 million of provision related to the current high market prices in Spain at which the 

solar  assets  in  Spain  invoiced  electricity  up  to December 31,  2021  ($0.6 million  as  of 

December  31,  2020),  as  a  result  of  a  negative  adjustment  to  the  regulated  revenues 

208 

 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
expected to be recorded progressively over the remaining regulatory life of the solar 

assets of the Company, as a compensation.  

17. Trade Payables and Other Current Liabilities 

Item 

Trade accounts payable 
Down payments from clients 
Other accounts payable 

Total 

Balance as of December 31, 2021 
$’000 

Balance as of December 31, 2020 
$’000 

79,052 
542 
34,313 

113,907 

51,421 
416 
40,720 

92,557 

Trade accounts payable mainly relate to the operation and maintenance of the plants. 

Nominal values of Trade payables and other current liabilities are considered to approximately 
equal to fair values and the effect of discounting them is not significant. 

18. Income Tax 

All the companies of Atlantica file income taxes according to the tax regulations in force in each 
country on an individual basis or under consolidation tax regulations. 

The  consolidated  income  tax  has  been  calculated  as  an  aggregation  of  income  tax 
expenses/income of each individual company. In order to calculate the taxable income of the 
consolidated entities individually, the accounting result is adjusted for temporary and permanent 
differences, recording the corresponding deferred tax assets and liabilities. At each consolidated 
income statement date, a current tax asset or liability is recorded, representing income taxes 
currently refundable or payable. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary 
differences  between  the  carrying  amount  of  assets  and  liabilities  for  financial  statement  and 
income tax purposes, as determined under enacted tax laws and rates. 

Income tax payable is the result of applying the applicable tax rate in force to each tax-paying 
entity, in accordance with the tax laws in force in the country in which the entity is registered. 
Additionally,  tax  deductions  and  credits  are  available  to  certain  entities,  primarily  relating  to 
inter-company trades and tax treaties between various countries to prevent double taxation. 

The  Company  offsets  deferred  tax  assets  and  deferred  tax  liabilities  in  each  entity where  the 
latter has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities, 
and  the  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  relate  to  income  taxes  levied  by  the  same  taxation 
authority. 

As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the analysis of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities 
is as follows:

209 

 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
Deferred tax assets 
from 
Net operating loss carryforwards (“NOL´s”) 
Temporary tax non-deductible expenses 
Derivatives financial instruments 
Other 
Total deferred tax assets 

Deferred tax liabilities 
from 
Accelerated tax amortization 
Other difference between tax and book value of assets 
Other 
Total deferred tax liabilities 

Balance as of December 31, 
$’000 

2021 

2020 

323,115      
128,186      
55,217      
4,225      
510,743       

497,184   
115,063   
83,847  
3,021  
699,115   

Balance as of December 31, 
$’000 

2021 

2020 

465,219         
180,218         
1,897      
647,334          

652,600   
154,969   
179  
807,748   

After offsetting deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, where applicable, the resulting net 
amounts presented on the consolidated balance sheet are as follows: 

Consolidated balance sheets 
classifications 

Deferred tax assets 

Deferred tax liabilities 

Net deferred tax liabilities 

Balance as of December 31, 
$’000 

2021 

2020 

172,268       
308,859       

152,290   
260,923   

136,591       

(108,633)   

Most of the NOL´s recognized as deferred tax assets corresponds to the entities in the U.S., South 
Africa, Peru, Chile and Spain as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. 

As of December 31, 2021, deferred tax assets for non-deductible expenses are primarily due to the 
temporary limitation of financial expenses deductibles for tax purposes in the solar plants in Spain 
for $97 million ($110 million as of December 31, 2020). 

Deferred tax assets for derivatives financial instruments as of December 31, 2021 mainly relate to 
ACT for $14 million and to solar plants in Spain for $33 million ($22 million and $51 million as of 
December 31, 2020, respectively). 

As of December 31, 2021, deferred tax liabilities for accelerated tax amortization are primarily in 
the solar plants in Spain for $186 million, Solana and Mojave for $184 million and Kaxu for $76 
million ($202 million, $361 million and $90 million as of December 31, 2020, respectively). 

Deferred  tax  liabilities  for  other  temporary  differences  between  the  tax  and  book  value  of 
contracted concessional assets relate primarily to ACT for $72 million, the Peruvian entities for $34 
million, U.S. entities for $28 million, and the Chilean entities for $27 million as of December 31, 
2021 ($75 million, $32 million, $2 million and $29 million as of December 31, 2020, respectively). 

In relation to tax losses carryforwards and deductions pending to be used recorded as deferred tax 
assets,  the  entities  evaluate  their  recoverability  projecting  forecasted  taxable  result  for  the 

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upcoming years and taking into account their tax planning strategy. Deferred tax liabilities reversals 
are also considered in these projections, as well as any limitation established by tax regulations in 
force in each tax jurisdiction. 

In addition, the Company has $259 million unrecognized net operating loss carryforwards as of 
December 31, 2021 ($290 million as of December 31, 2020), as it considers it is not probable that 
future taxable profits will be available against which these unused tax losses can be utilized. 

The movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2021 
and 2020 were as follows: 

Deferred tax assets 
As of December 31, 2019 
Increase/(decrease) through the consolidated income statement 
Increase/(decrease) through other consolidated comprehensive income (equity) 
Currency translation differences and other 
As of December 31, 2020 

Increase/(decrease) through the consolidated income statement 
Increase/(decrease) through other consolidated comprehensive income (equity) 
Business combinations (Note 5) 
Currency translation differences and other 
As of December 31, 2021 

Deferred tax liabilities 
As of December 31, 2019 
Increase/(decrease) through the consolidated income statement 
Currency translation differences and other 
As of December 31, 2020 

Increase/(decrease) through the consolidated income statement 
Business combinations (Note 5) 
Currency translation differences and other 
As of December 31, 2021 

   Amount 
     147,966 
6,003 
(8,698) 
7,019 
     152,290 

46,855 
(23,712) 
4,410 
(7,575) 
172,268 

Amount    
248,996    
9,675   
2,252   
260,923 

32,059   
4,910   
10,967   
308,859   

Details of income tax for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows: 

Current tax 
Deferred tax 

Year ended 2021 
$’000 
(51,016) 
14,796 

Year ended 2020 
$’000 
(21,205) 
(3,672) 

)    
)    

- 

relating to the origination and reversal of temporary 
differences 

Total income tax benefit/(expense) 

14,796 
(36,220) 

(3,672) 
(24,877) 

The reconciliations between the theoretical income tax resulting from applying an average statutory 
tax  rate  to  profit  before  income  tax  and  the  actual  income  tax  expense  recognized  in  the 
consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, are as follows: 

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Consolidated income before taxes 
Average statutory tax rate 
Corporate income tax at the average statutory tax rate 
Income tax of associates, net 
Differences in statutory tax rates 
Unrecognized NOLs and deferred tax assets 
Purchase of Liberty Interactive´s equity interest in Solana 
Other permanent differences 
Other non-taxable (expense) 

Year ended 2021 
$’000 

Year ended 2020 
$’000 

25,302 
25% 
(6,326) 
3,076 
(3,359) 
(11,232) 
- 
(4,052) 
(14,327) 

41,751 
25% 
(10,438) 
128 
(94) 
(37,183) 
36,352 
(8,895) 
(4,747) 

Tax charge for the year 

(36,220) 

(24,877) 

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the overall effective tax rate was different than the average 
statutory  rate  of  25%  primarily  due  to  unrecognized  tax  losses  carryforwards,  mainly  in  the  UK 
entities and to provisions recorded for potential tax contingencies in some jurisdictions. 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, the overall effective tax rate was different than the statutory 
rate  of  25%  primarily  due  to  unrecognized  tax  losses  carryforwards,  mainly  in  the  UK  entities, 
partially offset by the non-taxable gain recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements on the 
purchase of Liberty Interactive´s equity interest in Solana (Note 21). 

Any uncertain tax positions identified by the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 has been 
provided for in these Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with IFRIC 23, uncertainty 
over income tax treatments.

212 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. Commitments, third-party guarantees, contingent assets and liabilities 

Contractual obligations 

The following table shows the breakdown of the third-party commitments and contractual 
obligations as of December 31, 2021 and 2020: 

2021 

$’000 

Total 

2022 

2023 and 
2024 

2025 and 
2026 

Subsequent 

Corporate debt (Note 14) 
Loans with credit institutions 
(project debt) (Note 15) 
Notes and bonds (project debt) 
(Note 15) 
Purchase commitments (*) 
Accrued interest estimate during 
the useful life of loans 

    1,023,071 
4,010,825 

27,881    
289,755    

11,989    
624,633    

433,232    
549,969  
801,713     2,294,724 

1,025,368 

45,650    

100,850    

108,512    

770,355 

    1,570,831    
2,029,376 

79,261 
267,645    

191,171 
497,587    

159,297  
427,159    

1,141,102  
836,985 

2020 

$’000 

Total 

2021 

2022 and 
2023 

2024 and 
2025 

Subsequent 

1,113,758 

23,648    
261,800    

2,036    
583,259    

     993,725 
4,123,856 

517,872  
450,169    
770,507     2,508,290 

Corporate debt (Note 14) 
Loans with credit institutions 
project debt (Note 15) 
Notes and bonds project debt 
(Note 15) 
Purchase commitments (*) 
Accrued interest estimate during 
the useful life of loans  
*  Purchase  commitments  include  lease  commitments  for  lease  arrangements  accounted  for  under  IFRS  16  for  $107.6 
million as of December 31, 2021 ($94.6 million as of December 31, 2020), of which $7.3 million is due within one year and 
$100.3 million thereafter as of December 31, 2021 ($5.3 million due within one year and $89.3 million thereafter as of 
December 31, 2020). 

468,060     1,013,161  

    1,709,660    

    2,309,597 

1,282,8811 

109,884    

100,911    

286,724    

541,652    

160,211 

852,405 

50,558    

172,776  

93,791 

Third-party guarantees 

As  of  December  31,  2021,  the  sum  of  bank  guarantees  and  surety  bonds  deposited  by  the 
subsidiaries  of  the  Company  as a  guarantee  to third  parties  (clients, financial  entities and  other 
third  parties)  amounted  to  $92.7  million  ($36.3  million  as  of  December  31,  2020).  The  increase 
primarily  relates  to  Coso  and  Rioglass,  which  are  businesses  acquired  by  the  Company  in  2021 
(Note  5).  In  addition,  Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  plc  had  outstanding  guarantees 
amounting to $174.2 million as of December 31, 2021 ($159.8 million as of December 31, 2020). 
Guarantees  issued  by  Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  plc  correspond  mainly  to  guarantees 
provided to off-takers in PPAs, guarantees for debt service reserve accounts and guarantees for 
points of access for renewable energy projects. 

Corporate debt guarantees 

The  payment  obligations  under  the  Green  Senior  Notes,  the  Revolving  Credit  Facility,  the  Note 
Issuance Facility 2020 and the 2020 Green Private Placement are guaranteed on a senior unsecured 
basis by following subsidiaries of the Company: Atlantica Infraestructura Sostenible, S.L.U., Atlantica 

213 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
     
      
      
      
  
 
  
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
     
      
      
      
  
 
  
 
    
 
Peru, S.A., ACT Holding, S.A. de C.V., Atlantica Investments Limited, Atlantica Newco Limited and 
Atlantica North America LLC. The Revolving Credit Facility and the 2020 Green Private Placement 
are also secured with a pledge over the shares of the subsidiary guarantors. 

Legal Proceedings 

In 2018, an insurance company covering certain Abengoa obligations in Mexico claimed certain 
amounts  related  to  a  potential  loss.  Atlantica  reached  an  agreement  under  which  Atlantica´s 
maximum theoretical exposure would in any case be limited to approximately $35 million, including 
$2.5 million to be held in an escrow account. In January 2019, the insurance company called on this 
$2.5  million  from  the  escrow  account  and  Abengoa  reimbursed  this  amount.  The  insurance 
company could claim additional amounts if they faced new losses after following a process agreed 
between the parties and, in any case, Atlantica would only make payments if and when the actual 
loss has been confirmed and after arbitration if the Company initiates it. The Company used to 
have indemnities from Abengoa for certain potential losses, but such indemnities are no longer 
valid following the insolvency filing by Abengoa S.A. in February 2021. 

In addition, during 2021, several lawsuits were filed related to the February 2021 winter storm Uri 
in Texas against among others Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), two utilities in Texas 
and  more  than  230  individual  power  generators,  including  Post  Oak  Wind,  LLC,  the  project 
company owner of Lone Star I, one of the wind assets in Vento II where the Company currently has 
a 49% equity interest. The basis for the lawsuit is that the defendants failed to properly prepare for 
cold  weather,  including  failure  to  implement  measures  and  equipment  to  protect  against  cold 
weather, and failed to properly conduct their operations before and during the storm. 

Atlantica  is  not  a  party  to  any  other  significant  legal  proceedings  other  than  legal  proceedings 
arising  in  the  ordinary  course  of  its  business.  Atlantica  is  party  to  various  administrative  and 
regulatory proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. 

While Atlantica does not expect these proceedings, either individually or in combination, to have a 
material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations, because of the nature of 
these proceedings Atlantica is not able to predict their ultimate outcomes, some of which may be 
unfavorable to Atlantica.

214 

 
20. Other Operating Income and Expenses 

The table below shows the detail of Other operating income and expenses for the years ended 
December 31, 2021, and 2020: 

Other Operating income 

Grants 
Income  from  various  services  and  insurance 
proceeds 

Total Other Operating Income 

Other Operating Expenses 

Raw materials and consumables used 
Leases and fees 
Operation and maintenance 
Independent professional services 
Supplies 
Insurance 
Levies and duties 
Other expenses 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2021 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2020 

$’000 

$’000 

60,746 

13,925 

74,670 

59,010 

40,515 

99,525 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2021 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2020 

$’000 

$’000 

(70,690) 
(9,332) 
(154,007) 
(39,177) 
(40,790) 
(45,429) 
(29,949) 
(24,957) 

(7,792) 
(2,531) 
(110,873) 
(40,193) 
(27,926) 
(37,638) 
(39,820) 
(9,891) 

Total 

(414,330) 

(276,666) 

Grants  income  mainly  relate  to  ITC  cash  grants  and  implicit  grants  recorded  for  accounting 
purposes in relation to the FFB loans with interest rates below market rates in Solana and Mojave 
projects (Note 16). 

The increase in other operating expenses in 2021 is primarily due to the business combinations 
made effective in 2021 (Note 5). 

21. Financial Expense, net 

The following table sets forth financial income and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021 
and 2020: 

Finance income 

Interest income from loans and credits  

Profit on interest rate derivatives: cash flow hedges 

              TOTAL 

215 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2020 
$’000 

2,066 

689 

2,755 

6,651 

401 

7,052 

 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Finance expenses 

Interest on loans and notes 

Interest rate losses derivatives: cash flow hedges 

TOTAL 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2020 
$’000 

(302,558) 

(58,712) 

(361,270) 

(316,237) 

(62,149) 

(378,386) 

Financial interest income from loans and credits included in 2020 a non-monetary financial income 
of $3.8 million resulting from the refinancing of the debt of Cadonal in the second quarter of 2020 
(Note 15). 

Interest on loans and notes primarily include interest on corporate and project debt. 

Losses  from  interest  rate  derivatives  designated  as  cash  flow  hedges  primarily  correspond  to 
transfers from equity to financial expense when the hedged item impacts the consolidated income 
statement. 

Net exchange differences 

Net exchange differences primarily correspond to realized and unrealized exchange gains and 
losses on transactions in foreign currencies as part of the normal course of the business of the 
Company. 

Other financial income/(expenses), net 

The following table sets out Other net financial income and expenses for the years 2021 and 
2020: 

Other finance income / (expenses), net 
Other finance income 
Other finance expense 

TOTAL 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2020 
$’000 

32,321 
(16,571) 

15,750 

162,290 
(121,415) 

40,875 

Other financial income in 2021 include $7.6 million of income for non-monetary change to the fair 
value of derivatives of Kaxu for which hedge accounting is not applied, and $9.2 million income 
further to the change in the fair value of the conversion option of the Green Exchangeable Notes 
since December 2020 (Note 14). Residual items primarily relate to interest on deposits and loans, 
including  non-monetary  changes  to  the  amortized  cost  of  such  loans.  The  decrease  of  other 
financial income compared to the year 2020 is primarily due to the gain of $145 million further to 
the purchase of Liberty Interactive´s equity interest in Solana accounted for in the third quarter of 
2020.  

Other  financial  losses  include  guarantees  and  letters  of  credit,  other  bank  fees,  non-monetary 
changes  to  the  fair  value  of  derivatives  which  hedge  accounting  is  not  applied  and  of  financial 
instruments recorded at fair value through profit and loss, and other minor financial expenses. The 
decrease compared to the year 2020 is primarily due to $73 million of financial expenses further to 

216 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the refinancing of the Helios 1&2 debts accounted for in the third quarter of 2020 (Note 15) and a 
$16 million expense further to the change in the fair value of the conversion option of the Green 
Exchangeable Notes in 2020 (Note 14). 

22.  Earnings Per Share 

Basic earnings per share have been calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) attributable to equity 
holders of the Company by the average number of outstanding shares. 

Diluted earnings per share for the year 2021 have been calculated considering the potential issuance 
of 3,347,305 shares on the settlement of the Green Exchangeable Notes (Note 14) and the potential 
issuance of 725,041 shares to Algonquin under the agreement signed on August 3, 2021, according 
to  which  Algonquin  has the  option,  on  a  quarterly  basis,  to  subscribe  such  number of  shares  to 
maintain its percentage in Atlantica in relation to the use of the ATM program (Note 13).  

Diluted earnings per share for the year 2020 was calculated considering the potential issuance of 
3,347,305 shares on the settlement of the Green Exchangeable Notes. 

Item 

Profit/(loss) from continuing operations 
attributable to Atlantica Sustainable 
Infrastructure Plc. 
Average number of ordinary shares 
outstanding (thousands) - basic  
Average number of ordinary shares 
outstanding (thousands) - diluted 
Earnings per share for the year (US dollar 
per share) - basic 
Earnings per share for the year (US dollar 
per share) - diluted 

23. Auditor’s Remuneration 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2021 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2020 

(30,080)   

11,698   

111,008   

114,523   

(0.27)   

(0.26)   

101,879   

103,392   

0.12   

0.12   

The analysis of the auditor’s remuneration is as follows: 

Fees payable to the company’s auditor and their associates for 
the audit of the company’s annual accounts 
Fees payable to the company’s auditor and their associates for 
other services to the group 

–The audit of the company’s subsidiaries 

Total audit fees 

-   Audit-related services 

-  Tax services 
-   Other services 

Total non-audit fees 

217 

Year ended 
2021 
$000 

604 

Year ended 
2020 
$000 

604 

967 

1,571 

651 

633 

- 

1,284 

2,855 

787 

1,391 

516 

502 

15 

1,033 

2,424 

 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
“Audit Fees” are the aggregate fees billed for professional services in connection with the audit of 
the Annual Consolidated Financial Statements, quarterly reviews of the Company interim financial 
statements and statutory audits of the subsidiaries’ financial statements under the rules of England 
and Wales and the countries in which subsidiaries are organized. The increase in audit fees is mainly 
due to new companies under scope and exchange rates. 

“Audit-Related Services” include fees charged for services that can only be provided by the auditor 
of the Company, such as consents and comfort letters of non-recurring transactions, assurance and 
related  services  that  are  reasonably  related  to  the  performance  of  the  audit  or  review  of  the 
Company  financial  statements.   Fees  paid  during  2021  and  2020  related  to  comfort  letters  and 
consents required for capital market transactions of the major shareholder are also included in this 
category ($272 thousand and $212 thousand in 2021 and 2020 respectively). These fees were re-
invoiced and paid by this shareholder.  

“Tax Services” include mainly fees charged for transfer pricing services and tax compliance services 
in the Company US subsidiaries. 

“Other Services” comprises fees billed in relation to financial advisory and due diligence services 
and other services which cannot be included under other categories. 

The Audit Committee approved all of the services provided by Ernst & Young S.L and  by other 
member firms of EY. 

24. Staff Costs 

The average monthly number of employees (including executive directors) was: 

Executives 

Middle Managers 

Engineers and Graduates 

Assistants and Professionals 

Plant technicians  

2021 

2020 

Number (*) 

Number 

16 

128 

177 

29 

305 

655 

17 

94 

132 

20 

178 

441 

(*) Average number of employees including Rioglass full-time employees. 

Their aggregate remuneration comprised: 

Wages and salaries 

Social security costs 

Other staff costs 

Year ended 
2021 
$000 
(70,375) 

(4,592) 

(3,791) 

Year ended 
2020 
$000 

(47,228) 

(3,718) 

(3,518) 

(78,758) 

(54,464) 

The  increase  in  employee  benefit  expenses  in  2021  compared  to  2020  is  primarily  due  to  the 
acquisition of Rioglass and Coso made effective in January 2021 and April 2021, respectively. 

218 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total compensation received by the key management of the Company, which includes the CEO, 
the CFO and 5 key executives, and by the directors of the board of the Company, amounts to $8.5 
million in 2021 ($6.1 million in 2020), including $3.4 million (2020: $1.3 million) of long-term awards 
received. The long-term awards include one third of the share units under the Special One-Off plan, 
and one third of the share options awarded under the Long-Term Incentive Plan, which vested in 
2021. Furthermore, information about the remuneration of individual directors’ is provided in the 
audited part of the Directors' Remuneration Report. 

25. Events After the Balance Sheet Date 

On January 17, 2022, the Company closed the acquisition of Chile TL4, a 63-mile transmission line 
and 2 substations in Chile for a total equity investment of $39 million. The Company expects to 
make  an  expansion  of  the  line  in  2022,  which  would  represent  an  additional  investment  of 
approximately  $8  million.  The  asset  has  fully  contracted  revenues  in  US  dollars,  with  inflation 
escalation  and  50-year  contract  life.  The  off-takers  are  several  mini-hydro  plants  that  receive 
contracted or regulated payments. 

On February 25, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a dividend of $0.44 per 
share, which is expected to be paid on March 25, 2022. 

26. Service Concessional Arrangements 

Below is a description of the concessional arrangements of the Atlantica group. 

Solana  

Solana is a 250 MW net (280 MW gross) solar electric generation facility located in Maricopa County, 
Arizona,  approximately  70  miles  southwest  of  Phoenix.  Arizona  Solar  One  LLC,  or  Arizona  Solar, 
owns  the  Solana  project.  Solana  includes  a  22-mile  230kV  transmission  line  and  a  molten  salt 
thermal energy storage system. Solana reached COD on October 9, 2013. 

Solana has a 30-year, PPA with Arizona Public Service, or APS, approved by the Arizona Corporation 
Commission (ACC). The PPA provides for the sale of electricity at a fixed price per MWh with annual 
increases of 1.84% per year. The PPA includes limitations on the amount and condition of the energy 
that is received by APS with minimum and maximum thresholds for delivery capacity that must not 
be breached. 

Mojave  

Mojave is a 250 MW net (280 MW gross) solar electric generation facility located in San Bernardino 
County,  California,  approximately  100  miles  northeast  of  Los  Angeles.  Mojave  reached  COD  on 
December 1, 2014. 

Mojave has a 25-year, PPA with Pacific Gas & Electric Company, or PG&E, approved by the California 
Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). The PPA provides for the sale of electricity at a fixed base price 
per MWh without any indexation mechanism, including limitations on the amount and condition of 
the energy that is received by PG&E with minimum and maximum thresholds for delivery capacity 
that must not be breached. 

Palmatir  

Palmatir  is  an  on-shore wind  farm  facility  in  Uruguay  with  nominal  installed  capacity  of  50  MW. 
Palmatir has 25 wind turbines and each turbine has a nominal capacity of 2 MW. UTE, Uruguay’s 

219 

 
state-owned electricity company, has agreed to purchase all energy produced by Palmatir pursuant 
to a 20-year PPA. UTE will pay a fixed-price tariff per MWh under the PPA, which is denominated in 
U.S. dollars and will be partially adjusted in January of each year according to a formula based on 
inflation. 

Palmatir reached COD in May 2014.  

Cadonal 

Cadonal  is  an  on-shore  wind  farm  facility  in  Uruguay  with  nominal  installed  capacity  of  50  MW. 
Cadonal has 25 wind turbines and each turbine has a nominal capacity of 2 MW. UTE, Uruguay´s 
state-owned electricity company, has agreed to purchase all energy produced by Cadonal pursuant 
to a 20-year PPA. 

Cadonal reached COD in December 2014.  

Melowind 

Melowind is an on-shore wind farm facility wholly owned by the Company, located in Uruguay with 
a capacity of 50 MW. Melowind has 20 wind turbines of 2.5 MW each. The asset reached COD in 
November 2015. 

Melowind signed a 20-year PPA with UTE in 2015, for 100% of the electricity produced. UTE pays a 
fixed tariff under the PPA, which is denominated in U.S. dollars and is partially adjusted every year 
based on a formula referring to U.S. CPI, Uruguay’s CPI and the applicable UYU/U.S. dollar exchange 
rate. 

Solaben 2 & 3  

The Solaben 2 and Solaben 3 are two 50 MW Solar Power facilities. Itochu Corporation holds 30% 
of Solaben 2 & Solaben 3. 

Renewable energy plants in Spain, like Solaben 2 and Solaben 3, are regulated through a series of 
laws and rulings which guarantee the owners of the plants a reasonable return for their investments. 
Solaben 2 and Solaben 3 sell the power they produce into the wholesale electricity market, where 
supply  and  demand  are  matched  and  the  pool  price  is  determined,  and  also  receive  additional 
payments from the CNMC, the Spanish state-owned regulator. 

Solacor 1 & 2 

The Solacor 1 and Solacor 2 are two 50 MW Solar Power facilities. JGC Corporation holds 13% of 
Solacor 1 & Solacor 2. 

Solnova 1, 3&4  

The Solnova 1, 3 and 4 solar plants are located in the municipality of Sanlucar la Mayor, Spain. The 
plants have 50 MW each and reached COD in 2010. 

Helios 1&2  

The Helios 1 and 2 solar plants are located in Spain. They reached COD in 2012. 

Helioenergy 1&2 

The Helioenergy 1 and 2 solar plants are located in Ecija, Spain and reached COD in 2011.  

220 

 
Solaben 1&6 

The Solaben 1&6 50 MW solar plants are located in the municipality of Logrosan, Spain. and reached 
COD in 2013. 

Kaxu 

Kaxu  Solar  One,  or  Kaxu,  is  a  100  MW  solar  project  located  in  Pofadder  in  the  Northern  Cape 
Province  of  South  Africa.  Atlantica.,  owns  51%  of  the  Kaxu  Project  while  Industrial  Development 
Corporation of South Africa owns 29% and Kaxu Community Trust 20%. 

The project reached COD in February 2015. 

Kaxu has a 20-year PPA with Eskom SOC Ltd., or Eskom, under a take or pay contract for the purchase 
of electricity up to the contracted capacity from the facility. Eskom purchases all the output of the 
Kaxu Plant under a fixed price formula in local currency subject to indexation to local inflation. The 
PPA expires on February 2035. 

ACT  

The ACT plant is a gas-fired cogeneration facility with a rated capacity of approximately 300 MW 
and between 550 and 800 metric tons per hour of steam. The plant includes a substation and a 115-
kilowatt 52 mile transmission line. 

On September 18, 2009, ACT entered into the Pemex Conversion Services Agreement, or the Pemex 
CSA,  with  Pemex.  Pemex  is  a  state-owned  oil  and  gas  company  supervised  by  the  Comision 
Reguladora  de  Energia  (CRE),  the  Mexican  state  agency  that  regulates  the  energy  industry.  The 
Pemex CSA has a term of 20 years from the in-service date and will expire on March 31, 2033. 

According  to  the  Pemex  CSA,  ACT  must  provide,  in  exchange  for  a  fixed  price  with  escalation 
adjustments, services including the supply and transformation of natural gas and water into thermal 
energy and electricity. Part of the electricity is to be supplied directly to a Pemex facility nearby, 
allowing  the  Comision  Federal  de  Electricidad  (CFE)  to  supply  less  electricity  to  that  facility. 
Approximately 90% of the electricity must be injected into  the Mexican electricity network to be 
used by retail and industrial end customers of CFE in the region. Pemex is then entitled to receive 
an equivalent amount of energy in more than 1,000 of their facilities in other parts of the country 
from CFE, following an adjustment mechanism under the supervision of CFE. 

The Pemex CSA is denominated in U.S. dollars. The price is a fixed tariff and will be adjusted annually, 
part of it according to inflation and part according to a mechanism agreed in the contract that, on 
average  over  the  life  of  the  contract,  reflects  expected  inflation.  The  components  of  the  price 
structure and yearly adjustment mechanisms were prepared by Pemex and provided to bidders as 
part of the request for proposal documents. 

ATS  

ATS is a 569 miles transmission line located in Peru wholly owned by the Company. ATS is part of 
the  Guaranteed  Transmission  System  and  comprises  several  sections  of  transmission  lines  and 
substations. ATS reached COD in 2014. 

Pursuant  to  the  initial  concession  agreement,  the  Ministry  of  Energy,  on  behalf  of  the  Peruvian 
Government, granted ATS a concession to construct, develop, own, operate and maintain the ATS 
Project. The initial concession agreement became effective on July 22, 2010 and will expire 30 years 
after COD, which took place in January 2014. ATS is obliged to provide the service of transmission 

221 

 
of  electric  energy  through  the  operation  and  maintenance  of  the  electric  transmission  line, 
according to the terms of the contract and the applicable law. 

The laws and regulations of Peru establish the key parameters of the concession contract, the price 
indexation mechanism, the rights and obligations of the operator and the procedure that has to be 
followed in order to fix the applicable tariff, which occurs through a regulated bidding process. Once 
the bidding process is complete and the operator is granted the concession, the pricing of the power 
transmission  service  is  established  in  the  concession  agreement.  ATS  has  a  30-year  concession 
agreement with fixed-price tariff base denominated in U.S. dollars that is adjusted annually after 
COD of each line, in accordance with the U.S. Finished Goods Less Food and Energy Index published 
by the U.S. Department of Labor. 

ATN  

ATN is a 365 miles transmission line located in Peru wholly owned by the Company, which is part of 
the  Guaranteed  Transmission  System  and  comprises  several  sections  of  transmission  lines  and 
substations. ATN reached COD in 2011. On December 28, 2018, ATN S.A. completed the acquisition 
of a power substation and two small transmission lines to connect its line to the Shahuindo (ATN 
expansion 1) mine located nearby. In October 2019, the Company also closed the acquisition of ATN 
Expansion 2. 

Pursuant  to  the  initial  concession  agreement,  the  Ministry  of  Energy,  on  behalf  of  the  Peruvian 
Government, granted ATN a concession to construct, develop, own, operate and maintain the ATN 
Project. The initial concession agreement became effective on May 22, 2008 and will expire 30 years 
after COD of the first tranche of the line, which took place in January 2011. ATN is obliged to provide 
the service of transmission of electric energy through the operation and maintenance of the electric 
transmission line, according to the terms of the contract and the applicable law. 

The laws and regulations of Peru establish the key parameters of the concession contract, the price 
indexation mechanism, the rights and obligations of the operator and the procedures that have to 
be followed in order to fix the applicable tariff, which occurs through a regulated bidding process. 
Once the bidding process is complete and the operator is granted the concession, the pricing of the 
power  transmission  service  is  established  in  the  concession  agreement.  ATN  has  a  30-year 
concession  agreement  with  a  fixed-price  tariff  base  denominated  in  U.S.  dollars  that  is  adjusted 
annually after COD of each line, in accordance with the U.S. Finished Goods Less Food and Energy 
Index  published  by  the  U.S.  Department  of  Labor.  In  addition,  both  ATN  Expansion  1  and  ATN 
Expansion 2 have 20-year PPAs denominated in U.S. dollars. 

ATN 2  

ATN2, is an 81 miles transmission line located in Peru wholly owned by the Company, which is part 
of the Complementary Transmission System. ATN2 reached COD in June 2015. 

The Client is Las Bambas Mining Company. 

The ATN2 Project has an 18-year contract period, after that, ATN2 assets will remain as property of 
the SPV allowing ATN2 to potentially sign a new contract. The ATN2 Project has a fixed-price tariff 
base denominated in U.S. dollars, partially adjusted annually in accordance with the U.S. Finished 
Goods Less Food and Energy Index as published by the U.S. Department of Labor. The base tariff is 
independent from the effective utilization of the transmission lines and substations related to the 
ATN2 Project. The base tariff is intended to provide the ATN2 Project with consistent and predictable 
monthly revenues sufficient to cover the ATN2 Project’s operating costs and debt service and to 

222 

 
earn an equity return. Peruvian law requires the existence of a definitive concession agreement to 
perform electricity transmission activities where the transmission facilities cross public land or land 
owned by third parties. On May 31, 2014, the Ministry of Energy granted the project a definitive 
concession agreement to the transmission lines of the ATN2 Project. 

Quadra 1 & Quadra 2  

Quadra 1 is a 49-miles transmission line project and Quadra 2 is a 32-miles transmission line project, 
each connected to the Sierra Gorda substations. 

Both  projects  have  concession  agreements  with  Sierra  Gorda  SCM.  The  agreements  are 
denominated in U.S. dollars and are indexed mainly to CPI. The concession agreements each have 
a 21-year term that began on COD, which took place in April 2014 and March 2014 for Quadra 1 
and Quadra 2, respectively. 

Quadra  1  and  Quadra  2  belong  to  the  Northern  Interconnected  System  (SING),  one  of  the  two 
interconnected systems into which the Chilean electricity market is divided and structured for both 
technical and regulatory purposes. 

in  particular: 

As part of the SING, Quadra 1 and Quadra 2 and the service they provide are regulated by several 
regulatory  bodies, 
the  Superintendent’s  office  of  Electricity  and  Fuels 
(Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles, SEC), the Economic Local Dispatch Center (Centro 
de Despacho Economico de Cargas, CDEC), the National Board of Energy (Comision Nacional de 
Energia,  CNE)  and  the  National  Environmental  Board  (Comision  Nacional  de  Medio  Ambiente, 
CONAMA) and other environmental regulatory bodies. 

In all these concession arrangements, the operator has all the rights necessary to manage, operate 
and maintain the assets and the obligation to provide the services defined above, which are clearly 
defined in each concession contract and in the applicable regulations in each country. 

Skikda  

The Skikda project is a water desalination plant located in Skikda, Algeria. AEC owns 49% and Sacyr 
Agua S.L. owns indirectly the remaining 16.83% of the Skikda project. 

Skikda has a capacity of 3.5 M ft3 per day of desalinated water and is in operation since February 
2009. The project serves a population of 0.5 million. 

The water purchase agreement is a 25-year take-or-pay contract with Sonatrach / ADE. The tariff 
structure is based upon plant capacity and water production, covering variable cost (water cost plus 
electricity cost). Tariffs are adjusted monthly based on the indexation mechanisms that include local 
inflation, U.S. inflation and the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and local currency. 

Honaine 

The Honaine project is a water desalination plant located in Taffsout, Algeria. Myah Bahr Honaine 
Spa, or MBH, is the vehicle incorporated in Algeria for the purposes of owning the Honaine project. 
Algerian Energy Company, SPA, or AEC, owns 49% and Sacyr Agua S.L., a subsidiary of Sacyr, S.A., 
owns indirectly the remaining 25.5% of the Honaine project. 

Honaine has a capacity of 7 M ft3 per day of desalinated water and it has been in operation since 
July 2012.  

The water purchase agreement is a 25-year take-or-pay contract with Sonatrach / Algerienne des 
Eaux,  or  ADE.  The  tariff  structure  is  based  upon  plant  capacity  and  water  production,  covering 

223 

 
variable cost (water cost plus electricity cost). Tariffs are adjusted monthly based on the indexation 
mechanisms that include local inflation, U.S. inflation and the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar 
and local currency. 

Tenes 

Tenes is a water desalination plant located in Algeria. Befesa Agua Tenes has a 51.0% stake in Tenes 
Lilmiyah SpA. The remaining 49% is owned by AEC. 

The water purchase agreement is a 25-year take-or-pay contract with Sonatrach/ADE. The tariff 
structure is based upon plant capacity and water production, covering variable cost (water cost 
plus electricity cost). Tariffs are adjusted monthly based on the exchange rate between the U.S. 
dollar and local currency and yearly based on indexation mechanisms that include local inflation 
and U.S. inflation. 

224 

 
 
 
 
Assets subject to the application of IFRIC 12 interpretation based on the concession of services as 
of December 31, 2021: 

Project 
name 

Country 

Status  % of 

nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

Renewable energy: 

Solana 

USA 

(O) 

100.0 

30 Years 

APS 

(I) 

1,865,770 

(568,911) 

(11,377) 

Mojave 

USA 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

PG&E 

(I) 

1,578,530 

(435,937) 

49,086 

Palmatir 

Uruguay 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Cadonal 

Uruguay 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Melowind 

Uruguay 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Solaben 2 

Spain 

(O) 

70.0 

25 Years 

Solaben 3 

Spain 

(O) 

70.0 

25 Years 

Solacor 1 

Spain 

(O) 

87.0 

25 Years 

Solacor 2 

Spain 

(O) 

87.0 

25 Years 

Solnova 1 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solnova 3 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solnova 4 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Helios 1 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Helios 2 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Helioenergy 
1 

Helioenergy 
2 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solaben 1 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solaben 6 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

UTE, 
Uruguay 
Administ
ration 

UTE, 
Uruguay 
Administ
ration 

UTE, 
Uruguay 
Administ
ration 

Kingdom 
of Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

147,925  

(56,267)  

4,278  

122,002  

(43,465)  

1,220  

135,988 

(36,794) 

3,476 

315,137 

(89,176) 

7,111 

314,084 

(90,477) 

6,704 

318,557 

(96,911) 

5,593 

331,588 

(99,801) 

4,689 

317,624 

(116,464) 

7,112 

297,046 

(105,517) 

8,749 

277,953 

(97,828) 

8,720 

321,479 

(92,943) 

5,917 

313,182 

(89,008) 

5,930 

307,727 

(94,563) 

8,510 

308,472 

(91,879) 

8,472 

310,257 

(79,468) 

7,342 

307,047 

(78,529) 

6,884 

Fixed price per 
MWh with 
annual 
increases of 
1.84% per year 
Fixed price per 
MWh without 
any indexation 
mechanism 
Fixed price per 
MWh in USD 
with annual 
increases based 
on inflation 
Fixed price per 
MWh in USD 
with annual 
increases based 
on inflation 
Fixed price per 
MWh in USD 
with annual 
increases based 
on inflation 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

30-year PPA with APS 
regulated by ACC 

25-year PPA with 
PG&E regulated by 
CPUC and CAEC 

20-year PPA with UTE, 
Uruguay state-owned 
utility 

20-year PPA with UTE, 
Uruguay state-owned 
utility 

20-year PPA with UTE, 
Uruguay state-owned 
utility 

Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 

Regulated revenue 
established by 

225 

 
Kaxu 

South 
Africa 

(O) 

51.0 

20 Years 

Eskom 

(I) 

481,776 

(167,171) 

45,779 

Take or pay 
contract for the 
purchase of 
electricity up to 
the contracted 
capacity from 
the facility. 

different laws and 
rulings in Spain 

20-year PPA with 
Eskom SOC Ltd. With a 
fixed price formula in 
local currency subject 
to indexation to local 
inflation 

Project 
name 

Country 

Status  % of 

nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

Efficient Natural Gas: 

ACT 

Mexico 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Pemex 

(F) 

537,579 

- 

124,799 

Fixed price to 
compensate 
both 
investment and 
O&M costs, 
established in 
USD and 
adjusted 
annually 
partially 
according to 
inflation and 
partially 
according to a 
mechanism 
agreed in 
contract 

20-year Services 
Agreement with 
Pemex, Mexican oil & 
gas state-owned 
company 

Project 
name 

Country 

Status  % of 

nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

Transmission lines: 

ATS 

Peru 

(O) 

100.0 

30 Years 

Republic of 
Peru 

(I) 

532,675 

(139,789) 

28,451 

ATN 

Peru 

(O) 

100.0 

30 Years 

ATN 2 

Peru 

(O) 

100.0 

18 Years 

Quadra I 

Chile 

(O) 

100.0 

21 Years 

Quadra II 

Chile 

(O) 

100.0 

21 Years 

Republic 
of Peru 

Las 
Bambas 
Mining 

Sierra 
Gorda 

Sierra 
Gorda 

(I) 

360,271 

(118,116) 

7,413 

(F) 

76,210 

- 

11,428 

(F) 

38,993 

- 

5,358 

(F) 

55,561 

- 

4,711 

Tariff fixed by 
contract and 
adjusted 
annually in 
accordance with 
the US Finished 
Goods Less 
Food and 
Energy inflation 
index 
Tariff fixed by 
contract and 
adjusted 
annually in 
accordance with 
the US Finished 
Goods Less 
Food and 
Energy inflation 
index 
Fixed-price 
tariff base 
denominated in 
U.S. dollars with 
Las Bambas 

Fixed price in 
USD with 
annual 
adjustments 
indexed mainly 
to US CPI 

Fixed price in 
USD with 
annual 
adjustments 
indexed mainly 
to US CPI 

30-year Concession 
Agreement with the 
Peruvian Government 

30-year Concession 
Agreement with the 
Peruvian Government 

18 years purchase 
agreement 

21-year Concession 
Contract with Sierra 
Gorda regulated by 
CDEC and the 
Superentendencia de 
Electricidad, among 
others 
21-year Concession 
Contract with Sierra 
Gorda regulated by 
CDEC and the 
Superentendencia de 
Electricidad, among 
others 

226 

 
 
 
 
Country 

Status  % of 

nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

Project 
name 

Water: 

Skikda 

Argelia 

(O) 

34.2 

25 Years 

Honaine 

Argelia 

(O) 

25.5 

25 Years 

Tenes 

Argelia 

(O) 

51.0 

25 Years 

Sonatrach 
& ADE 

Sonatrach 
& ADE 

Sonatrach 
& ADE 

(F) 

70,969  

14,654  

- 

(F) 

N/A(9) 

N/A(9) 

N/A(9) 

(F) 

99,438 

- 

16,671 

U.S. dollar 
indexed take-
or-pay contract 
with Sonatrach 
/ ADE 

U.S. dollar 
indexed take- or-
pay contract with 
Sonatrach / ADE 

U.S. dollar 
indexed take- or-
pay contract with 
Sonatrach / ADE 

25 years purchase 
agreement 

25 years purchase 
agreement 

25 years purchase 
agreement 

(1)  In operation (O), Construction (C) as of December 31, 2021. 
(2)  Itochu Corporation holds 30% of the economic rights to each of Solaben 2 and Solaben 3. JGC Corporation holds 13% of the economic 
rights to each Solacor 1 and Solacor 2. Algerian Energy Company, SPA, or AEC, owns 49% and Sacyr Agua, S.L., a subsidiary of  Sacyr, 
S.A., owns the remaining 25.5% of the Honaine project. AEC owns 49% and Sacyr Agua S.L. owns the remaining 16.83% of the Skikda 
project. Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa (29%) & Kaxu Community Trust (20%) for the Kaxu Project. AEC owns 49% 
of the Tenes project. 

(3)  Classified as concessional financial asset (F) or as intangible assets (I). 
(4)  The infrastructure is used for its entire useful life. There are no obligations to deliver assets at the end of the concession periods, except 

for ATN and ATS. 

(5)  Generally, there are no termination provisions other than customary clauses for situations such as bankruptcy or fraud from the operator, 

for example. 

(6)  Sales to wholesale markets and additional fixed payments established by the Spanish government. 
(7)  In each case the off-taker is the grantor. 
(8)  Figures reflect the contribution to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc. as of December 31, 

2021. 

(9)  Recorded under the equity method. 

227 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Assets subject to the application of IFRIC 12 interpretation based on the concession of services as 
of December 31, 2020: 

Project 
name 

Country 

Status  % of 

nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

Renewable energy: 

Solana 

USA 

(O) 

100.0 

30 Years 

APS 

(I) 

1,830,148 

(468,323) 

(5,722) 

Mojave 

USA 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

PG&E 

(I) 

1,557,559 

(374,193) 

48,436 

Palmatir 

Uruguay 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Cadonal 

Uruguay 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Melowind 

Uruguay 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Solaben 2 

Spain 

(O) 

70.0 

25 Years 

Solaben 3 

Spain 

(O) 

70.0 

25 Years 

Solacor 1 

Spain 

(O) 

87.0 

25 Years 

Solacor 2 

Spain 

(O) 

87.0 

25 Years 

Solnova 1 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solnova 3 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solnova 4 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Helios 1 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Helios 2 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Helioenergy 
1 

Helioenergy 
2 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solaben 1 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solaben 6 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

UTE, 
Uruguay 
Administ
ration 

UTE, 
Uruguay 
Administ
ration 

UTE, 
Uruguay 
Administ
ration 

Kingdom 
of Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

147,911 

(48,843) 

7,971 

121,986 

(37,315) 

15,293 

135,977 

(29,598) 

4,673 

337,506 

(80.255) 

10,222 

336,556 

(81,998) 

10,802 

341,674 

(88,382) 

9,359 

355,614 

(90,861) 

9,248 

340,713 

(108,908) 

14,090 

318,415 

(98,755) 

14,331 

297,118 

(91,251) 

13,865 

344,533 

(84,144) 

11,285 

335,550 

(80,361) 

11,677 

330,497 

(87,496) 

11,149 

331,206 

(84,360) 

11,560 

332,537 

(70,486) 

11,542 

329,203 

(69,659) 

12,161 

Fixed price per 
MWh with 
annual 
increases of 
1.84% per year 
Fixed price per 
MWh without 
any indexation 
mechanism 
Fixed price per 
MWh in USD 
with annual 
increases based 
on inflation 
Fixed price per 
MWh in USD 
with annual 
increases based 
on inflation 
Fixed price per 
MWh in USD 
with annual 
increases based 
on inflation 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

30-year PPA with APS 
regulated by ACC 

25-year PPA with 
PG&E regulated by 
CPUC and CAEC 

20-year PPA with UTE, 
Uruguay state-owned 
utility 

20-year PPA with UTE, 
Uruguay state-owned 
utility 

20-year PPA with UTE, 
Uruguay state-owned 
utility 

Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 

Regulated revenue 
established by 

228 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Kaxu 

South 
Africa 

(O) 

51.0 

20 Years 

Eskom 

(I) 

521,523 

(154,962) 

41,483 

Take or pay 
contract for the 
purchase of 
electricity up to 
the contracted 
capacity from 
the facility. 

different laws and 
rulings in Spain 

20-year PPA with 
Eskom SOC Ltd. With a 
fixed price formula in 
local currency subject 
to indexation to local 
inflation 

Project 
name 

Country 

Status  % of 

nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

Efficient Natural Gas: 

ACT 

Mexico 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Pemex 

(F) 

580,141 

- 

75,349 

Fixed price to 
compensate 
both 
investment and 
O&M costs, 
established in 
USD and 
adjusted 
annually 
partially 
according to 
inflation and 
partially 
according to a 
mechanism 
agreed in 
contract 

20-year Services 
Agreement with 
Pemex, Mexican oil & 
gas state-owned 
company 

Project 
name 

Country 

Status  % of 

nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

Transmission lines: 

ATS 

Peru 

(O) 

100.0 

30 Years 

Republic of 
Peru 

(I) 

531,887 

(122,005) 

29,339 

ATN 

Peru 

(O) 

100.0 

30 Years 

ATN 2 

Peru 

(O) 

100.0 

18 Years 

Quadra I 

Chile 

(O) 

100.0 

21 Years 

Quadra II 

Chile 

(O) 

100.0 

21 Years 

Republic 
of Peru 

Las 
Bambas 
Mining 

Sierra 
Gorda 

Sierra 
Gorda 

(I) 

359,912 

(105,618) 

6,474 

(F) 

78,743 

- 

12,332 

(F) 

40,381 

- 

5,362 

(F) 

55,417 

- 

4,922 

Tariff fixed by 
contract and 
adjusted 
annually in 
accordance with 
the US Finished 
Goods Less 
Food and 
Energy inflation 
index 
Tariff fixed by 
contract and 
adjusted 
annually in 
accordance with 
the US Finished 
Goods Less 
Food and 
Energy inflation 
index 
Fixed-price 
tariff base 
denominated in 
U.S. dollars with 
Las Bambas 

Fixed price in 
USD with 
annual 
adjustments 
indexed mainly 
to US CPI 

Fixed price in 
USD with 
annual 
adjustments 
indexed mainly 
to US CPI 

30-year Concession 
Agreement with the 
Peruvian Government 

30-year Concession 
Agreement with the 
Peruvian Government 

18 years purchase 
agreement 

21-year Concession 
Contract with Sierra 
Gorda regulated by 
CDEC and the 
Superentendencia de 
Electricidad, among 
others 
21-year Concession 
Contract with Sierra 
Gorda regulated by 
CDEC and the 
Superentendencia de 
Electricidad, among 
others 

229 

 
 
 
 
Country 

Status  % of 

nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

Project 
name 

Water: 

Skikda 

Argelia 

(O) 

34.2 

25 Years 

Sonatrach 
& ADE 

(F) 

77,702 

- 

13,909 

Honaine 

Argelia 

(O) 

25.5 

25 Years 

Tenes 

Argelia 

(O) 

51.0 

25 Years 

Sonatrach 
& ADE 

Sonatrach 
& ADE 

(F) 

N/A(9) 

N/A(9) 

N/A(9) 

(F) 

106,071 

- 

10,610 

U.S. dollar 
indexed take-
or-pay contract 
with Sonatrach 
/ ADE 

U.S. dollar 
indexed take- or-
pay contract with 
Sonatrach / ADE 

U.S. dollar 
indexed take- or-
pay contract with 
Sonatrach / ADE 

25 years purchase 
agreement 

25 years purchase 
agreement 

25 years purchase 
agreement 

Classified as concessional financial asset (F) or as intangible assets (I). 
The infrastructure is used for its entire useful life. There are no obligations to deliver assets at the end of the concession periods, 

(1)      
In operation (O), Construction (C) as of December 31, 2020. 
Itochu Corporation holds 30% of the economic rights to each of Solaben 2 and Solaben 3. JGC Corporation holds 13% of the 
(2) 
economic rights to each Solacor 1 and Solacor 2. Algerian Energy Company, SPA, or AEC, owns 49% and Sacyr Agua, S.L., a subsidiary 
of Sacyr, S.A., owns the remaining 25.5% of the Honaine project. AEC owns 49% and Sacyr Agua S.L. owns the remaining 16.83% of the 
Skikda project. Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa (29%) & Kaxu Community Trust (20%) for the Kaxu Project. AEC 
owns 49% of the Tenes project. 
(3) 
(4) 
except for ATN and ATS. 
(5) 
operator, for example. 
(6) 
(7) 
(8) 
December 31, 2020. 
(9) 

Sales to wholesale markets and additional fixed payments established by the Spanish government. 
In each case the off-taker is the grantor. 
Figures  reflect  the  contribution  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements  of  Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  Plc.  as  of 

Generally, there are no termination provisions other than customary clauses for situations such as bankruptcy or fraud from the 

Recorded under the equity method. 

230 

 
 
 
 
 
Company Financial Statements 

Company Balance Sheet 

Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars   

Non Current assets 
Intangible and tangible assets 
Investments in subsidiaries 
Amounts owed by group undertakings 
Financial investments 
Derivative assets 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Amounts owed by group undertakings 
Financial investments 
Derivative assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year 
Trade and other payables 
Amounts owed to group undertakings 
Borrowings  

Net current assets 

Total assets less current liabilities 

Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year 
Borrowings 
Amounts owed to group undertakings 
Derivative liabilities 
Other liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Net assets 

 (1)  Notes 1 to 10 are an integral part of the financial statements  

231 

Notes 
(1) 

2021 

2020 

3 
4 

6 

4 

6 
9 

7 
4 
5 

5 
4 
6 

95 
1,779,817 
885,991 
971 
1,607 

201 
1,846,157 
475,819 
4,271 
325 

2,668,481 

2,326,773 

510 
47,771 
- 
2,153 
88,294 

697 
48,686 
- 
460 
335,193 

138,728 

385,036 

2,807,209 

2,711,809 

8,777 
4,266 
25,749 

5,652 
14,215 
21,554 

38,792 

41,421 

99,936 

343,155 

2,768,417 

2,670,388 

885,249 
343,498 
16,690 
12,288 

861,871 
360,521 
1,481 
6,261 

1,257,725 

1,230,134 

1,296,517 

1,271,555 

1,510,692 

1,440,254 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Capital and Reserves 
Share capital  
Share premium account  
Capital reserves 
Other reserves 
Accumulated deficit 

Shareholders’ funds 

8 

8 

11,240 
872,011 
1,020,027 
15,152 
(407,738) 

10,667 
1,011,743 
881,745 
(1,481) 
(462,420) 

1,510,692 

1,440,254 

(1)  Notes 1 to 10 are an integral part of the financial statements  

The Company has taken the exemption under Companies Act 2006 section 408 not to publish the 
parent company profit and loss account. The Company recorded a profit after tax of $54.7 million 
for the period ended 31 December 2021 (2020: loss after tax of $165.6 million). 

The  financial  statements  of  Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  plc,  company  registration  no. 
08818211, were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 25 February 2022. 
They were signed on its behalf by: 

Director and Chief Executive Officer 

Chief Financial Officer 

Santiago Seage 

February 25, 2022 

Francisco Martinez-Davis 

February 25, 2022 

232 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company Statement of Changes in Equity 

Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars 

Balance at 1 
January 2020 

Capital increase 
Loss for the year 
Dividends 
Change in fair value 
of cash flow hedges 
(net of deferred 
taxation) 
Balance at 31 
December 2020 

Capital increase 
Profit for the year 
Dividends 
Change in fair value 
of cash flow hedges 
(net of deferred 
taxation) 

Share-based 
compensation 

Reduction of Share 
Premium 

Balance at 31 
December 2021  

Share 
capital 

Share 
premium 
account 

Capital 
reserves 

Other 
reserves 

Accumulated 
deficit 

Total 
Shareholder´s 
funds 

10,160 

  1,011,743 

889,056 

(637) 

(296,808) 

1,613,514 

507 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

161,348 
- 
(168,659) 

-   
-   
-   

- 
(165,612) 
- 

161,855 
(165,612) 
(168,659) 

- 

(844) 

- 

(844) 

10,667 

  1,011,743 

881,745 

(1,481) 

(462,420) 

1,440,254 

573 
- 
- 

- 

60,268 
- 
- 

128,920 
- 
(190,638) 

-   
-   
-   

- 
54,682 
- 

189,761 
54,682 
(190,638) 

- 

- 

1,705 

14,928 

- 

(200,000) 

200,000 

- 

- 

- 

1,705 

14,928 

- 

11,240 

872,011 

1,020,027 

15,152 

(407,738) 

1,510,692 

233 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
Notes to the Company Financial Statements 

1.  Significant Accounting Policies 

The  separate  financial  statements  of  the  Company  are  presented  as  required  by  the 
Companies Act 2006. The Company meets the definition of a qualifying entity under FRS 
100 (Financial Reporting Standard 100) issued by the Financial Reporting Council. These 
financial statements were prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 101 
“Reduced Disclosure Framework (“FRS 101”)”. 

As permitted by FRS 101, the Company has taken advantage of the disclosure exemptions 
available under that standard in relation to share-based payment, financial instruments, 
capital  management,  presentation  of  comparative  information  in  respect  of  certain 
assets, presentation of a cash-flow statement and certain related party transactions.  

Where  required,  equivalent  disclosures  are  given  in  the  consolidated  financial 
statements. 

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the 
remeasurement  of  certain  financial  instruments  to  fair  value.  The  principal  accounting 
policies adopted are the same as those set out in note 2 to the consolidated financial 
statements except as noted below. 

The  Company  has  prepared  these  financial  statements  on  a  going  concern  basis.  For 
further information, please refer the “going concern basis” in note 2.1 of the consolidated 
financial statements. 

Investments in subsidiaries and impairment 

Investments  in  subsidiaries  are  stated  at  cost  less,  where  appropriate,  provisions  for 
impairment. 

At each balance sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its investments 
to  determine  whether  there  is  any  indication  that  those  assets  have  suffered  an 
impairment  loss.  If  any  such  indication  exists,  the  recoverable  amount  of  the  asset  is 
estimated to determine the extent of the impairment loss.  

Recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell  and  value  in  use.  In 
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present 
value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time 
value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash 
flows have not been adjusted. 

If the recoverable amount of an asset is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, 
the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment 
loss is recognised immediately in the profit and loss. 

Where  an  impairment  loss  subsequently  reverses,  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset  is 
increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased 
carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined 
had  no  impairment  loss been  recognised  for  the  asset  in  prior  years.  A  reversal  of  an 
impairment loss is recognised immediately in the profit and loss. 

234 

 
Receivables  arising  from  interest-free  intercompany  loans  are  recognised  when  the 
Company becomes party to the related contracts and are measured initially at the fair 
value represented by the present value of future cash flows discounted at market interest 
rate. Another equity reserve increasing the cost of investment in subsidiary is recognised, 
being the difference between the above and the consideration advanced. 

After initial recognition, interest-free intercompany loans are subsequently measured at 
amortised cost using the effective interest method. The finance income is recognised in 
the statement of comprehensive income 

Significant judgements and estimates 

The  most  critical  accounting  policies,  which  reflect  significant  management  estimates 
and  judgement  to  determine  amounts  in  the  Company’s  financial  statements,  are  as 
follows: 

- 

Impairment of investments (see Note 3) 

To  assess  the  potential  impairment  on  the  Company´s  investments,  the  recoverable 
amount  of  the  investment  is  calculated  if  there  is  an  indicator  of  impairment. 
Determination of the recoverable amount requires a significant amount of judgement 
and estimates to calculate future cash flow projections and pre-tax discount rates, among 
others. 

-  Derivative financial instruments and fair value estimates (see Note 6) 

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and 
for which sufficient data is available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant 
observable  inputs  and  minimising  the  use  of  unobservable  inputs.  The  inputs  to  the 
models used are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not 
feasible,  a  degree  of  judgement  is  required  in  establishing  fair  values.  Judgements 
include considerations of inputs such as credit risk and volatility. 

2.  Profit/(loss) for the year 

As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Company has elected not 
to present its own profit and loss account for the year. The Company reported a profit 
for  the  financial  year  ended  31  December  2021  of  $54.7  million  (2020:  loss  of  $165.6 
million). 

The  auditor’s  remuneration  for  audit and other  services  is  disclosed  in  note  23  to  the 
consolidated financial statements.

235 

 
3.  Investments in Subsidiaries 

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries at 31 December 2021 are as follows: 

Name 

Place of 
incorporation 
and principal 
place of business 

Proportion 
of 
ownership 
interest 

Proportion 
of voting 
power 
held 

Registered office 

AC Renovables Sol 1 S.A.S. E.S.P. 

Colombia 

% 
70,00% 

% 
70,00% 

ACT Energy Mexico, S.A. de C.V. 

Mexico 

99.99% 

99.99% 

ACT Holdings, S.A. de C.V. 

Mexico 

99.99% 

99.99% 

Agrisun, S.R.L. 

Italy 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Aguas de Skikda, S.P.A.  

Algeria 

51.00% 

51.00% 

Arizona Solar One, LLC (USA) 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

ASHUSA Inc 

ASI Operations, LLC 

USA 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

ASO Holdings Company, LLC  

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

ASUSHI Inc. 

Atlantica Chile, S.P.A. 

USA 

Chile 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Colombia S.A.S. E.S.P. 

Colombia 

100,00% 

100,00% 

Atlantica Corporate Resources, S.L. 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica DCR, LLC. 

Atlantica Energia Sostenible Italia, 
S.r.l 
Atlantica España O&M, S.L.U. 

USA 

Italy 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Holdings USA, LLC 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

236 

Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 
15, Bogota 
Avda. Jaime Balmes, 11, Piso 
10, Torre C, Fraccion C, Oficina 
1001, Col. Los Morales 
Polanco, 11510, Ciudad de 
MeXico 
Avda. Jaime Balmes, 11, Piso 
10, Torre C, Fraccion C, Oficina 
1001, Col. Los Morales 
Polanco, 11510, Ciudad de 
Mexico 
Via de la Mercede, 11, 00187, 
Roma (Italy) 
162 Bois des Cars III 
DelyIbrahim — Alger - Algerie 
1553 West Todd Dr., Suite 204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
1553 West Todd Dr., Suite 204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
1553 West Todd Dr., Suite 204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
1553 West Todd Dr., Suite 204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
1553 West Todd Dr., Suite 204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Avda. Apoquindo, 3600, Piso 5, 
Oficina 517, Las Condes, 
Santiago de Chile 
Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 
15,Bogota 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
1553 West Todd Dr., Suite 204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Via de la Mercede, 11, 00187, 
Roma (Italy) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
1553 West Todd Dr., Suite 204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Atlantica Infraestructura Sostenible, 
S.L.U. 
Atlantica Investments Ltd 

Spain 

UK 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Newco, Ltd 

UK 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica North America, LLC. 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Peru, S.A. 

Peru 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica South Africa (Pty) Ltd 

South Africa 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure 
Jersey Ltd. 
Atlantica Transmision Sur, S.A.  

Jersey 

Peru 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Yield Energy Solutions 
Canada Inc. 
ATN 2, S.A. 

Canada 

10.00% 

66.66% 

Peru 

100.00% 

100.00% 

ATN, S.A.  

Peru 

99.99% 

99.99% 

AY Holding Uruguay S.A. 

Uruguay 

100.00% 

100.00% 

AYES International UK Ltd. 

UK 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Banitod, S.A. 

Uruguay 

100.00% 

100.00% 

237 

C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
Great West House, GW1 
Great West Road 
Brentford TW8 9DF 
London, UK 
Great West House, GW1 
Great West Road 
Brentford TW8 9DF 
London, UK 
1553 West Todd Dr., Suite 204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Av. El Derby 55, Edificio 
Cronos, Torre 3, Piso 6; oficina 
608. 
Santiago de Surco 
Lima (Peru). 
Office 103 Ancorley Building; 
45 Scott Street 
Upington 
8801 (South Africa) 
47 Esplanade, St Helier, 
Jersey JE1 0BD UK 
Av. El Derby 55, Edificio 
Cronos, Torre 3, Piso 6; oficina 
608. 
Santiago de Surco 
Lima. 
354 Davis Road Suite 100 
Oakville On L5J 2X1 
Av. El Derby 55, Edificio 
Cronos, Torre 3, Piso 6; oficina 
608. 
Santiago de Surco 
Lima. 
Av. El Derby 55, Edificio 
Cronos, Torre 3, Piso 6; oficina 
608. 
Santiago de Surco 
Lima. 
Avda. Luis Alberto de Herrera, 
1248, World Trade Center, 
Torre II, Piso 1. Oficina 1505, 
Montevideo, Uruguay. 
Great West House, GW1 
Great West Road 
Brentford TW8 9DF 
London, UK 
Avda. Luis Alberto de Herrera, 
1248, World Trade Center, 
Torre II, Piso 1. Oficina 1505, 
Montevideo, Uruguay. 

 
Befesa Agua Tenes, S.L.U. 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

BPC US Wind Corporation 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Cadonal, S.A. 

Uruguay 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Calgary District Heating Inc. 

Canada 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Carpio Solar Inversiones, S.A. 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

CGP Holding Finance, LLC 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Ecija Solar Inversiones, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Estrellada S.A. 

Uruguay 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Extremadura Equity Investment 
S.a.r.l. 
Fotovoltaica Solar Sevilla, S.A. 

Geida Skikda, S.L. 

Luxembourg 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Spain 

Spain 

80.00% 

80.00% 

67.00% 

67.00% 

Helioenergy Electricidad Uno, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Helioenergy Electricidad, Dos, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Helios I Hyperion Energy 
Investments, S.L. 
Helios II Hyperion Energy 
Investments, S.L.  
Hidrocañete, S.A.  

Spain 

Spain 

Peru 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Hypesol Energy Holding, S.L.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Hypesol Solar Inversiones S.A.U 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Kaxu Solar One (Pty) Ltd 

South Africa 

51.00% 

51.00% 

Logrosan Equity Investment S.a.r.l. 

Luxembourg 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Logrosan Solar Inversiones Dos, S.L.   Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

238 

Calle Energia Solar, 1 
41014 Sevilla 
1553 West Todd Dr., Suite 204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Avda. Luis Alberto de Herrera, 
1248, World Trade Center, 
Torre II, Piso 1. Oficina 1505, 
Montevideo, Uruguay. 
Suite 2500 Park Place 
666 Burrard Street 
Vancouver BC V6C 2X8 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
251 Little Falls Drive, 
Wilmington, New Castle, 
Delaware, 19808 (USA) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
Avda. Luis Alberto de Herrera, 
1248, World Trade Center, 
Torre II, Piso 1. Oficina 1505, 
Montevideo, Uruguay. 
6, rue Eugène RuppertL-2453 
Luxembourg 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
Paseo de la Castellana 83-85, 
28046 Madrid (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
Av. El Derby 55, Edificio 
Cronos, Torre 3, Piso 6; oficina 
608. 
Santiago de Surco 
Lima. 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
Office 103 Ancorley Building; 
45 Scott Street 
Upington 
8801 (South Africa) 
6, rue Eugène RuppertL-2453 
Luxembourg 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 

 
Logrosan Solar Inversiones, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Mojave Solar Holdings, Llc  

Mojave Solar, Llc  

Montesejo Piano, S.r.l. 

USA 

USA 

Italy 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100,00% 

100,00% 

Nesyla, S.A. 

Uruguay 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Overnight Solar LLC 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

PA Renovables Sol 1 S.A.S. E.S.P. 

Colombia 

70,00% 

70,00% 

Palmatir, S.A 

Uruguay 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Palmucho, S.A.                                     Chile 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Parque Fotovoltaico La Sierpe S.A.S. 

Colombia 

100.00% 

100.00% 

41092, Sevilla (Spain) 

C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
1553 West Todd Dr., Suite 204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
1553 West Todd Dr., Suite 204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Via XX Settembre 1 cap 00187, 
Roma. 
Avda. Luis Alberto de Herrera, 
1248, World Trade Center, 
Torre II, Piso 1. Oficina 1505, 
Montevideo, Uruguay. 
1553 West Todd Dr., Suite 204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 
15, Bogota 
Avda. Luis Alberto de Herrera, 
1248, World Trade Center, 
Torre II, Piso 1. Oficina 1505, 
Montevideo, Uruguay. 
Avda. Apoquindo, 3600, Piso 5, 
Oficina 517, Las Condes, 
Santiago de Chile 
Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 
15, Bogota 

Parque Fotovoltaico La Tolua S.A.S  Colombia 

100,00% 

100,00%  MZ D CA 23 Urb. Bosques de 

Parque Solar Tierra Linda, S.A.S 

Colombia 

100,00% 

100,00% 

Re Sole, S.R.L. 

Italy 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Rioglass Solar Holding, S.A. 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

RRHH Servicios Corporativos S. de 
R.L. de C.V. 

Mexico 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Sanlucar Solar, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

SJ Renovables Sun 1 S.A.S. E.S.P. 

Colombia 

70,00% 

70,00% 

SJ Renovables Wind 1 S.A.S. E.S.P. 

Colombia 

70,00% 

70,00% 

239 

Varsovia, Ibague, Tolima, 
Colombia. 
CC Arkacentro Mod T OF A 07 
Sec. Arkacentro, Ibague, 
Tolima, Colombia. 

Via de la Mercede, 11, 00187, 
Roma (Italy) 

Poligono Industrial de Sevilla, 
Santa Cruz de Mieres, Mieres, 
Asturias (Spain) 

Avda. Jaime Balmes, 11, Piso 
10, Torre C, Fraccion C, Oficina 
1001, Col. Los Morales 
Polanco, 11510, Ciudad de 
Mexico 

C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 

Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 
15, Bogota 
Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 
15, Bogota 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Solaben Electricidad Dos, S.A.  

Spain 

70.00% 

70.00% 

Solaben Electricidad Seis, S.A. 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Solaben Electricidad Tres, S.A.  

Spain 

70.00% 

70.00% 

Solaben Electricidad Uno, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Solaben Luxembourg S.A. 

Luxembourg 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Solacor Electricidad Uno, S.A.  

Spain 

87.00% 

87.00% 

Solacor Electricidad Dos, S.A. 

Spain 

87.00% 

87.00% 

Solar Processes, S.A. 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Solnova Electricidad Cuatro, S.A. 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Solnova Electricidad Tres, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Solnova Electricidad Uno, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Solnova Solar Inversiones, S.A. 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Tenes Lilmiyah SPA 

Algeria 

51.00% 

51.00% 

Transmisora Baquedano, S.A. 

Chile 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Transmisora Mejillones, S.A. 

Chile 

100.00% 

100.00% 

VO Renovables SOL 1 S.A.S. E.S.P. 

Colombia 

70,00% 

70,00% 

White Rock Insurance (Europe) PPC 
Limited 

Malta 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Plataforma Solar Extremadura, 
Carretera EX-116 PK 17,560, 
10120 Logrosan (Caceres, 
Spain) 
Plataforma Solar Extremadura, 
Carretera EX-116 PK 17,560, 
10120 Logrosan (Caceres, 
Spain) 
Plataforma Solar Extremadura, 
Carretera EX-116 PK 17,560, 
10120 Logrosan (Caceres, 
Spain) 
Plataforma Solar Extremadura, 
Carretera EX-116 PK 17,560, 
10120 Logrosan (Caceres, 
Spain) 
6, rue Eugène RuppertL-2453 
Luxembourg 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
19 Lot Bois des Cars III. 
Dely Ibrahim, Alger. 
Avda. Apoquindo, 3600, Piso 5, 
Oficina 517, Las Condes, 
Santiago de Chile 
Avda. Apoquindo, 3600, Piso 5, 
Oficina 517, Las Condes, 
Santiago de Chile 
Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 
15, Bogota  
Central Business District. 
CBD1070, Birkirkara (Malta) 

240 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The investments in subsidiaries are all stated at cost. Information on the investments acquired 
in the year is disclosed in Note 5 in the consolidated financial statements. As of 31 December 
2021 and 2020, the carrying amount of the investments held directly by the Company were as 
follows: 

77 

Palmucho, S.A. 
Atlantica Corporate Resources, S.L. 
Transmisora Baquedano, S.A. 
Transmisora Mejillones, S.A. 
ASUSHI Inc.(**) 
ACT Holdings, S.A. de C.V. 
Atlantica Peru, S.A. 
Atlantica Infraestructura Sostenible, S.L.U. 
ASHUSA, Inc.(**) 
ATN, S.A. (*) 
Atlantica Transmision Sur, S.A. (*) 
Atlantica Investments Ltd. 
ATN 2, S.A. 
Atlantica North America, LLC. (**) 
Atlantica DRC, LLC. (**) 
CKA1 Holding S. de R.L. de C.V. 
AYES International UK Ltd. 
Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure Jersey Ltd.  
Atlantica Newco, Ltd. 

2021 
$’000 

2020 
$’000 

- 
8,954 
- 
- 
- 
98,543 
261,920 
888,823 
- 
13,863 
11,847 
56,998 
13,720 
420,288 
- 
7 
4,854 
- 
- 

- 
8,954 
- 
- 
78,473 
98,543 
261,920 
887,039 
381,493 
13,116 
11,847 
56,998 
13,720 
16,255 
12,938 
7 
4,854 
- 
- 

Total investments in subsidiaries 

1,779,817  1,846,157 

(*) Includes initial difference between the amortized cost and nominal amount of interest free loans  (classified as 
amounts owed by group undertakings, see note 4), classified as capital contribution in accordance with IFRS 9. 

(**) Asushi Inc, Ashusa Inc and Atlantica DCR, LLC were contributed to Atlantica North America LLC during the year 
2021 and are no longer investments held directly by the Company. 

241 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Movements  in  the  carrying  value  of  investments  during  the  years  2021  and  2020  were  as 
follows: 

As at 1 January 2021 
Increase 
Impairment 

As at 31 December 2021 

As at 1 January 2020 
Increase 
Impairment 

As at 31 December 2020 

$ ´000 

$ ´000 

1,846,157 
4,094 
(70,434) 

1,779,817 

$ ´000 

1,909,066 
9,771 
(72,680) 

1,846,157 

The increase in 2021 mainly relates to a capital increase in Atlantica DDR, LLC for $1.6 million. 
The  impairment  for  $70.4  million  corresponds  to  the  investment  held  in  Atlantica  North 
America LLC. 

The increase in 2020 mainly relates to a capital increase in Atlantica North America LLC for 
$5.3  million  and  Atlantica  DDR,  LLC  for  $3.0  million.  The  impairment  for  $72.7  million 
corresponds to the investment held in ASUSHI Inc. for $68.1 million, ATN 2, S.A. for $2.2 million 
and Atlantica Corporate Resources, S.L. for $2.4 million. 

4.  Amounts Owed by/to Group Undertakings 

7 

Non-current receivables from group companies 
Current amounts owed by group undertakings 

2021 
$’000 

885,991 
47,771 

2020 
$’000 

475,819 
48,686 

Total amounts owed by group undertakings 

933,762 

524,505 

Current amounts owed to group undertakings 
Non-Current amounts owed to group undertakings 
Total amounts owed to group undertakings 

4,266 
343,498 
347,764 

14,215 
360,521 
374,736 

242 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of 31 December 2021 and 2020, the details of the non-current amounts owed by group 
undertakings were as follows: 

7 

ATN, S.A. 
Carpio Solar Inversiones, S.A. 
Atlantica Transmision Sur, S.A. 
Atlantica South Africa (Pty), Ltd. 
ASUSHI, Inc 
Atlantica Corporate Resources, S.L. 
Atlantica Investments, Ltd. 
Solnova Electricidad Cuatro, S.A. 
Helios I Hyperion Energy Investments, S.A. 
Helios II Hyperion Energy Investments, S.A. 
Atlantica North America, LLC 
Sanlucar Solar, S.A. 
Atlantica Newco, Ltd. 
ASHUSA, Inc 
Other 

2021 
$’000 

22,897 
13,163 
3,421 
7,903 
60,320 
- 
102,795 
4,321 
6,591 
6,679 
455,368 
17,038 
99,217 
68,762 
17,516 

2020 
$’000 

33,430 
29,227 
10,335 
6,579 
57,701 
3,684 
50,546 
2,584 
4,067 
3,459 
266,932 
- 
- 
- 
7,275 

Amounts owed by group undertakings 

  885,991 

475,819 

The principal features of the most significant loans to subsidiary undertakings are as 
follows: 

ATN, S.A. 
Carpio Solar Inversiones, S.A. 

Atlantica Transmision Sur, S.A. 

Atlantica South Africa (Pty) Ltd. 
ASUSHI, Inc 
ASUSHA Inc. 
Atlantica Investments Ltd. 
Atlantica North America LLC 
Atlantica Newco Limited 
Sanlucar Solar, S.A. 

Interest Rate 

Maturity 

 2.5% plus Euribor 12 months 

31 July 2031 

0% 

Not applicable 

0% 

Not applicable 
5.9% 
4.5% 
4.5% 
4.5% 
4.5% 
4.5% 

Not applicable 
Not applicable 
31 December 2024 
31 December 2030 
31 December 2030 
31 December 2030 
31 December 2030 
31 December 2030 

As at 31 December 2021, the amounts owed to group undertakings primarily relate to ACT 
Energy Mexico, S.A. de C.V. for $172.1 million ($203.4 million as of 31 December 2020), to 
Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  Jersey  Ltd  for  $105.3  million  ($112.1  million  as  of  31 
December 2020) and to Atlantica Infraestructura Sostenible, S.L.U. for $58.2 million (nil as of 
31 December 2020)

243 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.  Borrowings 

As of 31 December 2021 and 2020, the details of the amounts owed to third parties were as 
follows: 

Secured borrowing at amortised cost 
Bonds 
Borrowings 

Total borrowings 
Amount due for settlement within 12 
months 

Amount due for settlement after 12 
months 

2021 
$’000 

2020 
$’000 

24,422 
886,576 

21,224 
862,201 

910,988 

883,425 

25,749 

21,554 

  885,249  861,871 

The main features of the borrowings and bonds are as follows: 

On  July 20, 2017,  the  Company  signed  a  credit  facility (the  “2017  Credit Facility”) for  up  to €10 
million,  approximately  $11.4  million,  which  is  available  in  euros  or  U.S.  dollars.  Amounts  drawn 
down accrue interest at a rate per year equal to EURIBOR plus 2% or LIBOR plus 2%, depending on 
the currency, with a floor of 0% on the LIBOR and EURIBOR. As of December 31, 2021, $8.2 million 
were drawn down. As of December 31, 2020, the 2017 Credit Facility was fully available. The credit 
facility maturity is July 1, 2023. 

On May 10, 2018, the Company entered into the Revolving Credit Facility for $215 million with a 
syndicate  of  banks.  Amounts  drawn  down  accrue  interest  at  a  rate  per  year  equal  to  (A)  for 
Eurodollar rate loans, LIBOR plus a percentage determined by reference to the leverage ratio of the 
Company, ranging between 1.60% and 2.25% and (B) for base rate loans, the highest of (i) the rate 
per annum equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight U.S. Federal funds transactions 
with members of the U.S. Federal Reserve System arranged by U.S. Federal funds brokers on such 
day plus ½ of 1.00%, (ii) the U.S. prime rate and (iii) LIBOR plus 1.00%, in any case, plus a percentage 
determined by reference to the leverage ratio of the Company, ranging between 0.60% and 1.00%. 
Letters of credit may be issued using up to $100 million of the Revolving Credit Facility. During 
2019, the amount of the Revolving Credit Facility increased from $215 million to $425 million and 
the  maturity  was  extended  to  December  31,  2022.  In  the  first  quarter  of  2021,  the  Company 
increased the amount of the Revolving Credit Facility from $425 million to $450 million and the 
maturity was extended to December 31, 2023. On December 31, 2021, the Company had issued 
letters of credit for $10 million, therefore, $440 million of the Revolving Credit Facility are available 
($415 million as of December 31, 2020). 

On April 30, 2019, the Company entered into the Note Issuance Facility 2019, a senior unsecured 
note  facility with a  group  of funds managed  by Westbourne  Capital  as purchasers  of  the  notes 
issued thereunder for a total amount of €268 million, approximately $305 million, with  maturity 
date on April 30, 2025. Interest accrues at a rate per annum equal to the sum of 3-month EURIBOR 
plus 4.50%. The interest rate on the Note Issuance Facility 2019 is fully hedged by an interest rate 

244 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
swap resulting in the Company paying a net fixed interest rate of 4.24%. The Note Issuance Facility 
2019  provided  that  the  Company  may  capitalize  interest  on  the  notes  issued  thereunder  for  a 
period of up to two years from closing at the Company´s discretion, subject to certain conditions, 
and the Company elected to capitalize such interest until the end of 2020. The Note Issuance Facility 
2019 has been fully repaid on June 4, 2021, and subsequently delisted from the Official List of The 
International Stock Exchange. 

On  October  8,  2019,  the  Company  filed  a  euro  commercial  paper  program  (the  “Commercial 
Paper”) with the Alternative Fixed Income Market (MARF) in Spain. The program had an original 
maturity of twelve months and was extended for another twelve-month period on October 8, 2020. 
The program allowed Atlantica to issue short term notes over the next twelve months for up to €50 
million  (approximately  $57  million),  with  such  notes  having  a  tenor  of  up  to  two  years.  As  of 
December  31,  2021,  the  Company  had  €21.5  million  (approximately  $24.4  million)  issued  and 
outstanding under the program at an average cost of 0.36% (€17.4 million, approximately $19.8 
million, as of December 31, 2020). 

On April 1, 2020, the Company closed the secured 2020 Green Private Placement for €290 million 
(approximately $330 million). The private placement accrues interest at an annual 1.96% interest 
rate, payable quarterly and has a June 2026 maturity. 

On July 8, 2020, the Company entered into the Note Issuance Facility 2020, a senior unsecured 
financing with a group of funds managed by Westbourne Capital as purchasers of the notes issued 
thereunder for a total amount of approximately $159 million, which is denominated in euros (€140 
million). The Note Issuance Facility 2020 was issued on August 12, 2020, accrues annual interest of 
5.25%, payable quarterly and has a maturity of seven years from the closing date. 

On  May  18,  2021,  the  Company  issued  the  Green  Senior  Notes  due  in  2028  in  an  aggregate 
principal amount of $400 million. The notes mature on May 15, 2028 and bear interest at a rate of 
4.125% per annum payable on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing December 15, 
2021. 

6.  Derivative assets and liabilities  

The breakdowns of the fair value amount of the derivative financial instruments as of December 
31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows: 

Balance as of December 31, 
2021 

Balance as of December 31, 
2020 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Foreign exchange derivatives 

instruments 

Notes conversion option 

Interest rate cash flow hedge     

3,410      

-      

350      

-    

16,690    

-    

Total 

3,760      

16,690    

660      

-      

125      

785      

- 

- 

1,481 

1,481 

245 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
    
   
    
 
The Company owns the following derivatives instruments: 

- 

Interest  rate  cash  flow  hedge  classified  as  non-current  assets  relate  to  an  interest  rate  cap 
hedging the Note Issuance Facility 2020 interest with a strike of 0%. Interest rate cash flow 
hedge classified as non-current liabilities as of December 31, 2020 related to an interest rate 
swap hedging the Note Issuance Facility 2019 interest resulting in the Company paying a net 
fixed  interest  rate  of  4.24%.  This  swap  instrument  was  cancelled  together  with  the  Note 
Issuance Facility 2019 during 2021. 

-  Currency options with leading international financial institutions, which guarantee minimum 
Euro-U.S. dollar exchange rates. The strategy of the Company is to hedge the exchange rate 
for  the  distributions  from  its  assets  in  Spain  after  deducting  euro-denominated  interest 
payments  and  euro-denominated  general  and  administrative  expenses.  Through  currency 
options,  the  Company  hedges  100%  of  its  euro-denominated  net  exposure  for  the  next 12 
months  and  75%  of  its  euro  denominated  net  exposure  for  the  following  12  months,  on  a 
rolling basis. Hedge accounting is not applied to these options. 

On July 17, 2020, Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure Jersey Limited, a subsidiary of the Company 
issued  $100  million  aggregate  principal  amount  of  4.00%  convertible  bonds  (the  “Green 
Exchangeable  Notes”)  due  2025.  On  July  29,  2020,  Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  Jersey 
Limited closed an additional $15 million aggregate principal amount of the Green Exchangeable 
Notes. The notes mature on July 15, 2025 and bear interest at a rate of 4.00% per annum. The initial 
exchange rate of the notes is 29.1070 ordinary shares of the Company per $1,000 principal amount 
of notes, which is equivalent to an initial exchange price of $34.36 per ordinary share. Noteholders 
may exchange their notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled 
trading day immediately preceding April 15, 2025, only during certain periods and upon satisfaction 
of certain conditions. On or after April 15, 2025, noteholders may exchange their notes at any time. 
Upon exchange, the notes may be settled, at the election of the Company, into its ordinary shares, 
cash or a combination thereof. The exchange rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of 
certain events. 

The conversion option of the Green Exchangeable Notes is an embedded derivative associated to 
the  option  to  convert  into  the  Company´s  shares,  with  no  obligation  for  Atlantica  Sustainable 
Infrastructure  Jersey  Limited  to  deliver  itself  these  shares  to  the  Noteholders.  It  is  therefore 
classified within the line “Derivative liabilities” of these financial statements. As of December 31, 
2021, the fair value is $16.7 million. The prospective changes to its fair value are accounted for 
directly through the income statement. 

7.  Trade and Other Payables  

As  of  31  December  2021,  and  2020,  Trade  and  other  payables  primarily  relate  to  independent 
professional services. 

8.  Equity 

As of December 31, 2021, the share capital of the Company amounts to $11,240,297 represented 
by 112,402,973 ordinary shares fully subscribed and disbursed with a nominal value of $0.10 each, 
all in the same class and series. Each share grants one voting right. 

Algonquin owns 43.6% of the shares of the Company and is its largest shareholder as of December 
31,2021. 

246 

 
On December 11, 2020 the Company closed an underwritten public offering of 5,069,200 ordinary 
shares,  including 661,200  ordinary  shares  sold  pursuant  to  the  full  exercise  of  the  underwriters’ 
over-allotment option, at a price of $33 per new share. Gross proceeds were approximately $167 
million. Given that the offering was issued through a subsidiary in Jersey, which became wholly 
owned  by  the  Company  at  closing,  and  subsequently  liquidated,  the  premium  on  issuance  was 
credited  to  a  merger  reserve  account  (Capital  reserves),  net  of  issuance  costs,  for  $161  million. 
Additionally, Algonquin committed to purchase 4,020,860 ordinary shares in a private placement 
in order to maintain its previous equity ownership of 44.2% in the Company. The private placement 
closed on January 7, 2021. Gross proceeds were approximately $133 million ($131 million net of 
issuance costs). 

During the first quarter of 2021, the Company changed the accounting treatment applied to its 
existing  long-term  incentive  plans  granted  to  employees  from  cash-settled  to  equity-settled  in 
accordance with IFRS 2, Share-based Payment, as a result of incentives being settled in shares. The 
liability  recognized  for  the  rights  vested  by  the employees  under  such  plans  at  the  date  of  this 
change, was reclassified to equity within the line “Accumulated deficit” for approximately $9 million. 
The settlement in shares was approved by the Board of Directors on February 26, 2021, and the 
Company issued 141,482 new shares to its employees up to December 31, 2021, to settle a portion 
of these plans. 

On August 3, 2021, the Company established an “at-the-market program” (the “ATM”) and entered 
into the distribution agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as sales agent, (the “Distribution 
Agreement”) under which the Company may offer and sell from time to time up to $150 million of 
its ordinary shares. The Company also entered into an agreement with Algonquin pursuant to which 
the  Company  has  offered  Algonquin  the  right  but  not  the  obligation,  on  a  quarterly  basis,  to 
purchase a number of ordinary shares to maintain its percentage interest in Atlantica at the average 
price of the shares sold under the Distribution Agreement in the previous quarter (the “ATM Plan 
Letter Agreement”). During the year 2021, the Company sold 1,613,079 shares at an average market 
price of $38.43 pursuant to its Distribution Agreement, representing net proceeds of $61 million. 
Pursuant to the ATM Plan Letter Agreement, the Company delivers a notice to Algonquin quarterly 
in order for them to exercise their rights thereunder. 

Atlantica´s reserves as of December 31, 2021 are made up of share premium account and capital 
reserves. The share premium account reduction by $200 million during the year 2021, increasing 
capital reserves by the same amount, was made effective upon the confirmation received from the 
High Court in the UK, pursuant to the Companies Act 2006. 

Accumulated deficit are the results of the Company, which have been as follows in 2021 and 2020: 

Accumulated deficit 

Balance at 1 January 2020 

Net loss for the year 

Balance at 31 December 2020 

Net profit for the year 

Balance at 31 December 2021 

$’000 

(296,808) 

(165,612) 

(462,420) 

54,682 

(407,738) 

247 

 
 
 
9.  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2021, include $88.3 million of cash at bank and on 
hand ($265.2 million as of December 31, 2020) and nil of highly liquid remunerated deposits ($70 
million as of December 31, 2020). 

10. Third-party guarantees 

The  Company  issued  guarantees  on  behalf  of  subsidiaries  amounting  to  $174.2  million  as  of 
December  31,  2021  ($159.8  million  as  of  December  31,  2020),  which  correspond  mainly  to 
guarantees  provided  to  off-takers  in  PPAs,  guarantees  for  debt  service  reserve  accounts  and 
guarantees for points of access for renewable energy projects. 

248