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Trilogy International Partners Inc.ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. FORM 10-K (Annual Report) Filed 03/01/17 for the Period Ending 12/31/16 Address Telephone CIK Symbol SIC Code Industry Sector Fiscal Year 500 CUMMINGS CENTER BEVERLY, MA 01915 9786191300 0000879585 ATNI 4813 - Telephone Communications, Except Radiotelephone Integrated Telecommunications Services Telecommunication Services 12/31 http://www.edgar-online.com © Copyright 2017, EDGAR Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Distribution and use of this document restricted under EDGAR Online, Inc. Terms of Use. Table of Contents UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 10‑‑K (Mark One) ☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016Or☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from to Commission File No. 001‑‑12593ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)47‑‑0728886 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)500 Cummings Center Beverly, Massachusetts (Address of principal executive offices)01915 (Zip Code) (978) 619‑‑1300(Registrant’s telephonenumber, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Name of each exchange on which registeredCommon Stock, par value $.01 per share The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None(Title of each class)Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well‑known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filingrequirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data Filerequired to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S‑T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant wasrequired to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S‑K is not contained herein, and will not be contained,to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10‑K or any amendmentto this Form 10‑K. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non‑accelerated filer, or a smaller reportingcompany. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act (Check one): Large accelerated filer ☒Accelerated filer ☐ Non‑accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)Smaller reporting company ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non‑affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2016, was approximately $ 841 million basedon the closing price of the registrant’s Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.As of March 1, 2017, the registrant had 16,144,061 outstanding shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value.DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCEPortions of the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III ofthis Form 10‑K. Table of ContentsTABLE OF CONTENTS PageSpecial Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements 1 PART I Item 1. Business 2 Overview 2 Strategy 3 Our Services 5 Wireless Services 5 Wireline Services 8 Renewable Energy Services 10 Employees 15 Regulation 15 U.S. Federal Regulation 15 U.S. State Regulation 21 Guyana Regulation 22 Caribbean and Bermuda Regulation 23 Available Information 26 Item 1A. Risk Factors 27 Other Risks Related to Our Businesses 35 Risks Related to Our Capital Structure 40 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 41 Item 2. Properties 42 Item 3. Legal Proceedings 42 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 43 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 44 Item 6. Selected Financial Data 47 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 50 Overview 50 Results of Operations : Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 56 65 Regulatory and Tax Issues 71 Liquidity and Capital Resources 71 Recent Accounting Pronouncements 77 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 80 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 80 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 80 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 80 Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 80 Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 81 Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 81 Item 9B. Other Information 81 PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 82 Item 11. Executive Compensation 85 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters \ 85 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 85 Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 85 PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 86 Item 16. Form 10-K Summary 86 Signatures 87 Index to Consolidated Financial Statements F‑1 Index to Exhibits EX‑1 Table of ContentsSPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD‑‑LOOKING STATEMENT SThis Annual Report on Form 10‑K (this “Report”) contains statements about future events and expectations, orforward‑looking statements, all of which are inherently uncertain. We have based those forward‑looking statements on ourcurrent expectations and projections about future results. When we use words such as “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,”“believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” or similar expressions, we do so to identify forward‑looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on estimates, projections, beliefs, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future events orresults. Actual future events and results could differ materially from the events and results indicated in these statements as aresult of many factors, including, among others, (1) our ability to operate our newly acquired businesses in Bermuda and the U.S.Virgin Islands and integrate these operations into our existing operations; (2) the general performance of our operations, includingoperating margins, revenues, and the future growth and retention of our major customers and subscriber base and consumerdemand for solar power; (3) government regulation of our businesses, which may impact our FCC and other telecommunicationslicenses or our renewables business; (4) economic, political and other risks facing our operations; (5) our ability to maintainfavorable roaming arrangements; (6) our ability to efficiently and cost-effectively upgrade our networks and informationtechnology (“IT”) platforms to address rapid and significant technological changes in the telecommunications industry; (7) theloss of or an inability to recruit skilled personnel in our various jurisdictions, including key members of management; (8) ourability to find investment or acquisition or disposition opportunities that fit our strategic goals for the Company; (9) increasedcompetition; (10) our ability to operate and expand our renewable energy business; (11) our reliance on a limited number of keysuppliers and vendors for timely supply of equipment and services relating to our network infrastructure; (12) the adequacy andexpansion capabilities of our network capacity and customer service system to support our customer growth; (13) the occurrenceof weather events and natural catastrophes; (14) our continued access to capital and credit markets; (15) the risk of currencyfluctuation for those markets in which we operate; (16) our ability to realize the value that we believe exists in our businesses and(17) our ability to satisfy other conditions needed to complete the pending sale of our Northeast U.S. Wireline business. Thesestatements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions, which in turn are based on currently available information.These assumptions could be proven inaccurate. These forward‑looking statements may be found under the captions“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Risk Factors” and “Business,” aswell as in this Report generally.You should keep in mind that any forward‑looking statement made by us in this Report or elsewhere speaks only as ofthe date on which we make it. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict theseevents or how they may affect us. In any event, these and other important factors may cause actual results to differ materiallyfrom those indicated by our forward‑looking statements, including those set forth in Item 1A of this Report under the caption“Risk Factors.” We have no duty to, and do not intend to, update or revise the forward‑looking statements made by us in thisReport after the date of this Report, except as may be required by law.In this Report the words “ATN,” “the Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours” and “us” refer to ATN International, Inc. and itssubsidiaries. This Report contains trademarks, service marks and trade names that are the property of ATN International, Inc., andits subsidiaries or licensed from others.References to dollars ($) refer to U.S. dollars unless otherwise specifically indicated. 1 Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1. BUSINES SOvervie wWe are a holding company that, through our operating subsidiaries, (i) owns and operates wireless and wirelinetelecommunications service providers in North America, Bermuda and the Caribbean, (ii) owns and operates commercialdistributed generation solar power systems in the United States and India, and (iii) owns and operates terrestrial and submarinefiber optic transport systems in the United States and the Caribbean. We were incorporated in Delaware in 1987 and began tradingpublicly in 1991. Since that time, we have engaged in strategic acquisitions and investments to grow our operations. We continueto actively evaluate additional domestic and international acquisition and investment opportunities and other strategic transactionsin the telecommunications, energy‑related and other industries that meet our return‑on‑investment and other acquisition criteria.For a discussion of our investment strategy and risks involved, see “ Risk Factors—We are actively evaluating investment,acquisition and other strategic opportunities, which may affect our long‑term growth prospects .”We offer the following principal services:·Wireless. In the United States, we offer wholesale wireless voice and data roaming services to national, regional,local and selected international wireless carriers in rural markets located principally in the Southwest and MidwestUnited States. We also offer wireless voice and data services to retail customers in Bermuda, Guyana, the U.S.Virgin Islands and in other smaller markets in the Caribbean and the United States. ·Wireline. Our wireline services include local telephone and data services in Bermuda, Guyana, the U.S. VirginIslands, and in other smaller markets in the Caribbean and the United States. Our wireline services also includevideo services in Bermuda and the U.S Virgin Islands. As of December 31, 2016, we also offered facilities‑basedintegrated voice and data communications services and wholesale transport services to enterprise and residentialcustomers in New England, primarily Vermont, and in New York State. In addition, we offer wholesalelong‑distance voice services to telecommunications carriers.·Renewable Energy. In the United States, we provide distributed generation solar power to corporate, utility andmunicipal customers. Beginning in April 2016, we began developing projects in India to provide distributedgeneration solar power to corporate and industrial customers.2 Table of ContentsThe following chart summarizes the operating activities of our principal subsidiaries, the segments in which the Company reportsits revenue and the markets it served as of December 31, 2016: Segment Services Markets Tradenames U.S. Telecom Wireless United States (rural markets) Commnet, Choice,Choice NTUAWireless Wireline United States (New England andNew York State) Sovernet, ION,Essextel International Telecom Wireline Guyana, Bermuda, U.S. VirginIslands GTT+, One,Innovative, Logic Wireless Bermuda, Guyana, U.S. VirginIslands One, GTT+,Innovative, Choice Video Services Bermuda, U.S. Virgin Islands,Cayman Islands, British VirginIslands, St. Maarten One, Innovative,Logic, BVI CableTV Renewable Energy Solar United States and India Ahana Renewables,Vibrant Energy We provide management, technical, financial, regulatory, and marketing services to our subsidiaries and typicallyreceive a management fee equal to a percentage of their revenues, which is eliminated in consolidation. For information about ourfinancial segments and geographical information about our operating revenues and assets, see Notes 1 and 16 to the ConsolidatedFinancial Statements included in this Report.Our principal corporate offices are located at 500 Cummings Center, Beverly, Massachusetts, 01915. The telephonenumber at our principal corporate offices is (978) 619‑1300.Strateg yThe key elements of our strategy consist of the following:·Target Under‑‑served Markets or Industries Where We Can Compete Successfully. We operate ourtelecommunications businesses primarily in smaller, rural or under‑served markets where we believe we are or willbe one of the leading providers of telecommunications services. Our businesses typically have strong local brandidentities and market positions. By leveraging these attributes, along with our lower cost of capital and our seniormanagement expertise at the holding company level, we seek to improve and expand available products and servicesin our targeted markets to better meet the needs of our customers and expand our customer bases and revenues. Weare particularly interested in investing in businesses that have the potential to provide a platform for future organicand strategic growth. Our solar company investments have afforded us entry into an emerging industry in which webelieve there are attractive investment return opportunities and the potential to expand our business.·Collaborate with Local Management. We believe that strong local management enhances our close relationshipwith customers and reduces risk. Wherever feasible, we seek to partner with local investors, owners or managementteams who have demonstrated a successful track record or have extensive knowledge of the industry. We seek toenhance our strong market position by maintaining these relationships and by leveraging our comprehensivemanagement experience and technical and financial expertise to assist them in further improving operations.·Maintain a Disciplined Earnings‑‑Oriented Approach. We carefully assess the potential for earnings stability andgrowth when we evaluate the performance of our subsidiaries, new investment opportunities and prospectiveacquisitions or dispositions. In managing our more mature businesses, we seek to solidify our brands, improvecustomer satisfaction, add new services, control costs and preserve cash flow. In3 Table of Contentsmanaging newer, early‑stage businesses, we seek to invest capital to improve our competitive position, increase ourmarket share and generate strong revenue and cash flow potential. We consider new investments, acquisitions anddispositions on a disciplined, return‑on‑investment basis.AcquisitionsDuring the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, we completed acquisitions within our International Telecom,Renewable Energy and U.S. Telecom segments (the “2016 Acquisitions”). International Telecom During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, we completed our acquisitions of a controlling interest in OneCommunications, formerly KeyTech Limited, (the “One Communications Acquisition”) as well as all of the membership interestsof Caribbean Asset Holdings LLC, the holding company for the Innovative group of companies ( the “Innovative Acquisition”). One Communications (formerly KeyTech Limited) On May 3, 2016, we completed our acquisition of a controlling interest in KeyTech Limited (“KeyTech”), a publiclyheld Bermuda company listed on the Bermuda Stock Exchange (“BSX”) that provides broadband and cable video services andother telecommunications services to residential and enterprise customers under the “Logic” name in Bermuda and the CaymanIslands. Subsequent to the completion of our acquisition of KeyTech, KeyTech changed its name, and the “Logic” name, to OneCommunications Ltd (“One Communications”). Prior to our acquisitions, One Communications also owned a minority interestof approximately 43% in the Company’s consolidated subsidiary, Bermuda Digital Communications Ltd. (“BDC”), whichprovides wireless services in Bermuda under the “CellOne” name. As part of the transaction, the Company contributed itsownership interest of approximately 43% in BDC and approximately $42 million in cash in exchange for a 51% ownershipinterest in One Communications. As part of the transaction, BDC was merged with and into a company within the OneCommunications group and the approximate 15% interest in BDC held, in the aggregate, by BDC’s other minority shareholderswas converted into the right to receive common shares in One Communications. Following the transaction, BDC became whollyowned by One Communications, and One Communications continues to be listed on the BSX. A portion of the cash proceeds thatOne Communications received upon closing was used to fund a one-time special dividend to One Communications’ existingshareholders and to retire One Communications subordinated debt. On May 3, 2016, we began consolidating the results of OneCommunications within our financial statements in our International Telecom segment. The One Communications Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination of a controlling interest in OneCommunications in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations , and the acquisition of an incremental ownership interestin BDC in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation . The total purchase consideration of $41.6 million of cash was allocated tothe assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. Innovative On July 1, 2016,we completed our acquisition of all of the membership interests of Caribbean Asset Holdings LLC, theholding company for the Innovative group of companies operating video services, Internet, wireless and landline services in theU.S. Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands and St. Maarten (“Innovative”), from the National Rural Utilities Cooperative FinanceCorporation (“CFC”). We acquired the Innovative operations for a contractual purchase price of $145 million, reduced bypurchase price adjustments of $4.9 million (the “Innovative Transaction”). In connection with the transaction, we financed$60 million of the purchase price with a loan from an affiliate of CFC, the Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (“RTFC”) on theterms and conditions of a Loan Agreement by and among RTFC, CAH and ATN VI Holdings, LLC, the parent entity of CAH anda wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. We funded $51.9 million of the purchase price in cash and subsequently paid $22.5million to fund Innovative’s pension and other postretirement benefit obligations in the fourth quarter of 2016. Following thepurchase, our current operations in the U.S. Virgin Islands under the “Choice” name were combined with Innovative to4 Table of Contentsdeliver residential and business subscribers a full range of telecommunications and media services. On July 1, 2016, we beganconsolidating the results of Innovative within our financial statements in our International Telecom segment. The Innovative Transaction was accounted as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805. The $111.9 millionof consideration transferred and used for the purchase price allocation, differed from the contractual purchase price of $145.0million, due to certain GAAP purchase price adjustments related primarily to changes in working capital of $5.3 million and ouragreeing to subsequently settle assumed pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities of $27.8 million. As of December 31,2016, we transferred consideration of $111.9 million to the seller that was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumedat their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. The final purchase price represents a reduction of $0.4 million fromthe preliminary purchase price. The decrease was due to settlement of working capital adjustments. Renewable Energy Vibrant EnergyOn April 7, 2016, we completed our acquisition of a solar power development portfolio in India from Armstrong EnergyGlobal Limited (“Armstrong”), a well-known developer, builder, and owner of solar farms (the “Vibrant Energy Acquisition”).The business operates under the name Vibrant Energy. We also retained several Armstrong employees in the United Kingdomand India who are employed by us to oversee the development, construction and operation of the India solar projects. The projectsto be developed initially are located in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and are based on a commercial and industrialbusiness model, similar to our existing renewable energy operations in the United States. As of April 7, 2016, we beganconsolidating the results of Vibrant Energy in its financial statements within its Renewable Energy segment. The Vibrant Energy Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805, BusinessCombinations (“ASC 805”). The total purchase consideration of $6.2 million cash was allocated to the assets acquired andliabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. U.S. Telecom In July 2016, we acquired certain telecommunications fixed assets and the associated operations in the western UnitedStates. The acquisition qualified as a business combination for accounting purposes. We transferred $9.1 million of cashconsideration in the acquisition. The consideration transferred was allocated to $10.2 million of acquired fixed assets, $3.5million of deferred tax liability, and $0.7 million to other net liabilities, resulting in goodwill of $3.1 million. Results ofoperations for the business are included in the U.S. Telecom segment and are not material to our historical results of operations. Our Service sWireless Service sWe provide mobile wireless voice and data communications services in the United States, Bermuda, Guyana and theCaribbean. Our revenues from wireless services were approximately 50% of our consolidated revenues for fiscal year 2016. TheU.S. portion of our business constitutes a significant portion of our consolidated revenue. Our revenues from U.S. wirelessservices were approximately 32%, 44%, and 37% of our consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and2014, respectively. Our U.S. wireless service revenues have historically had high operating margins and therefore havecontributed a large percentage of operating income.U.S. Telecom SegmentIn the United States, we provide wholesale wireless voice and data roaming services in rural markets to national,regional, local and selected international wireless carriers. Our largest wholesale networks are located5 Table of Contentsprincipally in the western United States. We also offer wireless voice and data services to retail customers in certain rural marketsalready covered by our wholesale networks.Services. The revenue and profits of our U.S. wholesale wireless business are primarily driven by the number of sitesand base stations in operation, the amount of voice and data traffic that each of these sites generates, and the rates we receivefrom our carrier customers on that traffic. Many of our sites are located in popular tourist and seasonal visitor areas, which hasresulted in higher wholesale revenues in those areas during the summer months.We currently have roaming agreements with approximately 43 United States‑ based wireless service providers and, as ofDecember 31, 2016, had roaming arrangements with each of the four U.S. national wireless network operators: AT&T, Sprint,T‑Mobile and Verizon Wireless. Other than the agreements with the national carriers, our standard roaming agreements areusually terminable within 90 days. Occasionally, we may agree or strategically decide to lower rates or build a new mobilenetwork at a specified location as part of a long‑term roaming agreement to offer our roaming partner pricing certainty inexchange for priority designation with respect to their customers’ wireless traffic. Once we complete building a rural network, wethen benefit from the use of that network under existing roaming agreements with other international, national, regional, and localcarriers to supplement our initial revenues. In 2016, the four national wireless service providers together accounted for asubstantial portion of our wholesale wireless revenues, with AT&T and Verizon accounting for 14% and 12% respectively, of ourtotal consolidated revenue for the year.Network and Operations. Our roaming network offers mobile communications service through a digital wireless voiceand data network that utilizes multiple cellular mobile technologies including UMTS/HSPA, CDMA/EvDO and LTE that oftenwill be deployed at a single cell site location in order to maximize revenue opportunities. We provide wireless communicationsnetwork products and services with owned and leased spectrum primarily in the 700 megahertz (MHz), 800 megahertz (MHz) and1900 megahertz (MHz) spectrum ranges. In 2016, we continued the efforts we began in the 2015 fiscal year to upgrade our cellsites with advanced 4G LTE technology throughout our service areas. Our networks comprise base stations and radio transceiverslocated on owned or leased towers and buildings, telecommunications switches and owned or leased transport facilities. Wedesign and construct our network in a manner that will provide high-quality service to substantially all types of compatiblewireless devices. Network reliability is carefully considered and redundancy is employed in many aspects of our network design.Route diversity, redundant equipment, ring topologies and the use of emergency standby power is used to enhancenetwork reliability and minimize service disruptions from any particular network element failure. We operate high-capacity,carrier-class digital wireless switching systems that are capable of serving multiple markets through a single mobile telephoneswitching office. Centralized equipment used for network and data management is located in high-availability facilities supportedby multiple levels of power and network redundancy. Our systems are designed to incorporate Internet Protocol (IP) packet-basedEthernet technology, which allows for increased data capacity and a more efficient network. Interconnection between the mobiletelephone switching office and the cell sites utilizes Ethernet technology over fiber or microwave links for virtually all of our 4GLTE sites. As of December 31, 2016, we owned and operated a total of approximately 1,000 domestic base stations on nearly 540owned and leased sites, a Network Operations Center (or “NOC”), a switching center, and presence in numerous leased datacenters designed to support network virtualization and provide network resiliency. Our NOC provides dedicated, 24‑hour,year‑round monitoring of our network to ensure quality and reliable service to our customers. In 2016, we continued to expandand improve our network, adding nearly 130 new base stations and approximately 25 new sites and upgraded approximately 100sites to more advanced 4G LTE data technology.Competition. We compete with wireless service providers that operate networks in our markets and offer wholesaleroaming services. However, the most significant competitive challenge we face in our U.S. wholesale wireless business is theextent to which our carrier customers choose not to roam on our networks or elect to build or acquire their own infrastructure in amarket in which we operate, reducing or eliminating their need for our services in those markets. We address this competitivethreat mainly by providing a service that would be more costly for the carrier to provide itself, or, at least, a less attractiveexpenditure than alternative investments in its network or business elsewhere.6 Table of ContentsOccasionally, we have entered into buildout projects with existing carrier customers to help the customer accelerate thebuildout of a given area. Pursuant to these arrangements, we agree to incur the cost of building and operating a network in anewly designated area meeting specified conditions. In exchange, the carrier agrees to license us spectrum in that area and enterinto a contract with specific pricing and term. These arrangements typically include a purchase right in favor of the carrier topurchase that portion of the network, depending on when the option to purchase is exercised. For example, as previouslydisclosed in December 2012, we sold a portion of our network to a carrier customer pursuant to an option contained in a roamingand buildout agreement with that carrier. We currently have one buildout arrangement of approximately 100 built cell sites thatprovides the carrier with an option to purchase such sites, which option is exercisable beginning in 2018. This portion of ournetwork accounted for approximately $13.4 million in wholesale revenue during the twelve months ended December 31, 2016. Atthis time, we believe the holder is likely to exercise the option and proceeds from the exercise to be minimal.Our ability to maintain appropriate capacity and relevant technology to respond to our roaming partners’ needs alsoshapes our competitive profile in the markets in which we operate. We believe that currently available technologies andappropriate capital additions will allow sufficient capacity on our networks to meet anticipated demand for voice and dataservices over the next few years. However, increasing demand for high-speed data may require the acquisition of additionalspectrum licenses to provide sufficient capacity and throughput.International Telecom SegmentWe provide wireless voice and data service to retail and business customers in Bermuda under the “One” name, inGuyana under the “GTT” name and in the U.S. Virgin Islands under the “Innovative” and “Choice” brand names. We alsoprovide roaming services for many of the largest U.S. providers’ customers visiting these locations. As of December 31, 2016, wehad approximately 312,000 wireless subscribers in our International Telecom segment. As of December 31, 2016, more than86% of our wireless subscribers were on prepaid plans.Products and Services. In Bermuda, a majority of our customers subscribe to one of our postpaid plans, which allowcustomers to select a plan with a given amount of voice minutes, text messaging, data and other features that recur on a monthlybasis. In Guyana, nearly all of our customers (approximately 96%) and, in our other markets, a substantial majority of ourcustomers, subscribe to our prepaid plans, which require customers to purchase an amount of voice minutes, text messages or dataprior to use. In the U.S. Virgin Islands and other international markets, we also provide Internet access services via a variety ofwireless and wireline broadband technologies.Network. We currently operate multiple advanced wireless voice and data technologies in our international markets inthe 850, 900, 1800, 1900 and 2500 MHz frequency bands, including GSM/EDGE, UMTS/HSPA+ and CDMA/EVDO and weadded LTE technology in certain of our markets in 2016. We have extensive backbone facilities linking our sites, switchingfacilities and international interconnection points. Off‑island connectivity is provided by leased and owned fiber‑basedinterconnections.Sales and Marketing. We maintain retail stores in our markets and allow customers to pay their bills and “top up”, oradd additional minutes to their prepaid plans, through payment terminals at local stores, business centers or our website or, bypurchase of prepaid calling cards, or via mobile or web-based apps. We advertise frequently through print and electronic media,radio station spots and sponsor various events and initiatives. Our handsets, prepaid cards and prepaid accounts are also soldthrough independent dealers that we pay on a commission basis.Handsets and Accessories. We offer a diverse line‑up of wireless devices and accessories designed to meet both thepersonal and professional needs of our customers. Our device assortment includes a wide range of smartphones including thosefeaturing the Android and IOS operating systems in addition to a full line of feature phones, wireless hot spots and variouswireless solutions for small businesses. To complement our phone offerings, we sell a complete range of original equipmentmanufacturer and after‑market accessories that allow our customers to personalize their wireless experience, including phoneprotection, battery charging solutions and Bluetooth hands‑free kits.Competition. We believe we compete for wireless retail customers in our international properties based on features,price, technology deployed, network coverage (including through roaming arrangements), quality of service7 Table of Contentsand customer care. We compete against Digicel, which is a large mobile telecommunications company in the Caribbean region,and in some markets, against one or more U.S. national operators or the wireless division of the incumbent telephone companies.Wireline Service sOur wireline services include operations in Guyana, Bermuda, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the British Virgin Islands, theCayman Islands, and the mainland United States. Our revenues from wireline services were approximately 41%, 25% and 29% ofour consolidated revenues for fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.International Telecom SegmentVoice services. We offer voice services that include local exchange, regional and long distance calling and voicemessaging services in Bermuda, Guyana, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and in other smaller markets in the Caribbean and the UnitedStates. As of December 31, 2016, we had an aggregate of approximately 180,000 access lines in service in our markets, whichrepresent both residential and commercial subscribers. Across our businesses, residential customers account for approximatelythree-quarters of the wireline local telephone service revenue while commercial customers account for approximatelyone‑quarter.In Guyana, we are the exclusive licensed provider of domestic wireline local and long‑distance telephone services intoand out of the country and in the U.S. Virgin Islands, we are the incumbent local exchange carrier and sole fixed telephonyprovider. With respect to our international long‑distance business, we also collect payments from foreign carriers for handlinginternational long‑distance calls originating from the foreign carriers’ country and terminating on our network. We also makepayments to foreign carriers for international calls originating on one of our networks and terminating in the foreign carrier’scountry and collect from our subscribers or a local originating carrier a rate that is market based or set by regulatory tariff. Internet services . We offer high-speed Internet services with varying speeds to address different customer needs andprice requirements in our various markets. Internet services accounted for 16.6% of our revenues in our International Telecomsegment in 2016. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 97,000 Internet customers across our markets.Video services . We also offer video service over our co-axial cable and fiber-optic networks in our internationalmarkets. In the U.S. Virgin Islands we are the only authorized video services operator and are the sole provider of video servicesto customers in Bermuda and the British Virgin Islands. From July 1, 2016 through January 3, 2017, we also provided cable TVservices in St. Maarten. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 61,000 video customers across our markets. We haveseveral offerings available to our video customers, including basic and tiered local and cable TV channels grouped into variouscontent categories, such as news, sports and entertainment. Network. All of our fixed access lines are digitally switched from our switching centers in the U.S. Virgin Islands,Bermuda and Guyana. Our switching centers provide dedicated monitoring of our network to ensure quality and reliable serviceto our customers. In the U.S. Virgin Islands, we deliver our services via a hybrid fiber coaxial (“HFC”) cable network and continue totransition our traditional copper network to our voice, video and data services on this network. The HFC network gives usexpanded Internet access coverage to more than 95% of homes passed in the U.S. Virgin Islands with speeds up to 100 Mbps forresidential customers. In 2016, we began migrating our existing fixed wireless internet customers in the U.S. Virgin Islandsnetwork to the HFC network, and expect to be able to offer faster, more reliable voice, data and internet services to customers inthe U.S. Virgin Islands as compared to our previous fixed wireless network. Our international voice and data networks are linked with the rest of the world principally through undersea fiber‑opticcables. In Guyana we co‑own the Suriname‑Guyana Submarine Cable System with Telesur, the government‑ownedtelecommunications provider in Suriname, that provides us with more robust redundancy, the8 Table of Contentscapacity to meet growing data demands in Guyana, and the opportunity to provide new and enhanced IP centric services such asInternet service. We also lease capacity on certain satellites to provide both international and local backhaul services.Sales and Marketing. Our businesses utilize four key sales channels: stores, telesales, business-to-business (“B2B”)channels and residential sales (inbound). The telesales department makes outbound calls to existing customers to promotebundling and other upgrade opportunities and our B2B sales channel focuses on selling data and voice products to business andgovernment accounts. Certain residential sales are made through inbound communications to customer service representativeswho assist with a wide range of inquiries and sell different product offerings to help retain customers or improve their servicewith upgrades or bundles. Our revenues for our wireline services are derived from installation charges for new lines, monthly linecharges, data and video services and value added services, such as hosting or enterprise voice and data solutions. For our voicewireline services, rates differ for residential and commercial customers and in certain markets, may be set by regulatoryauthorities.Competition. We compete with a limited number of other providers for various products, including Digicel. In 2016, weacquired our wireline businesses in Bermuda and the U.S. Virgin Islands in order to provide us with greater scale in those marketsand the capability to offer a “quad play” of connectivity: high speed internet, mobility, video and voice services. We expect ourcompetition in Bermuda to seek to match that capability. Nonetheless, we believe this breadth of services and economies of scalewill provide us with a strong competitive position and the ability to win and retain an economically viable share of those markets.In Guyana, we have the exclusive right to provide domestic fixed and international voice and data services. As the initialterm of our license was scheduled to expire in December 2010, we notified the Government of Guyana of our election to renewour exclusive license for an additional 20 year term expiring in 2030 and received return correspondence from the Governmentthat our exclusive license had been renewed until such time that new legislation is implemented with regard to the Government’sintention to introduce competition into the sector. We believe, however, our exclusive license continues to be valid unless anduntil such time as we enter into an alternative agreement with the Government. See “—Guyana Regulation—RegulatoryDevelopments” and “Risk Factors—Our exclusive license to provide local exchange and international voice and data services inGuyana is subject to significant political and regulatory risk.”U.S. Telecom SegmentNetwork. We provide voice and data services using a network comprising telecommunications switching and relatedequipment that we own and telecommunications lines that we typically leased from the incumbent telephone company. Weoperate high capacity fiber‑optic ring networks in Vermont and New York State that we use to connect our enterprise markets andto provide wholesale data transport services to other carriers. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 434,000 businessand 6,000 residential access line equivalents (“ALEs”), in billing. ALEs are calculated by determining the number of individualvoice or data lines, in 64 kbps segments, that generate a monthly recurring charge within an end user circuit or circuits. As ofDecember 31, 2016, we also provided broadband services to approximately 3,600 accounts in Vermont and western NewHampshire.Sales and Marketing. We sell our services primarily through a direct sales force that assists customers in choosingtailored solutions for their specific communication needs. Our direct sales staff focuses on selling integrated voice and data tosmall and medium‑sized businesses and other organizations, while residential services are largely sold through advertising andword of mouth. We advertise on television and radio through cooperative arrangements and engage in other promotional activitiesfrom time to time.Our wholesale transport and capacity customers are predominately telecommunications carriers such as local exchangecarriers, wireless carriers and interstate integrated providers, which were served by our direct sales force.Competition. We competed for retail customers by offering customized voice and data solutions designed to meet thespecific needs of our two targeted subsets of customers by providing superior customer service and competitive pricing. Ourprimary retail competitor is Fairpoint Communications, which acquired the incumbent local exchange9 Table of Contentsbusiness of Verizon Communications in northern New England. We also compete with cable companies, such as Comcast, andother competitive service providers who target small and medium sized businesses. Our wholesale competitors include Level 3and Verizon Communications, other regional wholesale providers and cable television companies that operate fiber‑opticnetworks.During June 2016, as a result of recent industry consolidation activities and a review of strategic alternatives for theCompany’s U.S. Wireline business in the Northeast, the Company identified factors indicating the carrying amount of certainassets may not be recoverable. More specifically, the factors included the competitive environment, recent industryconsolidation, and the Company’s view of future opportunities in the market that began to evolve in the second quarter of 2016. On August 8, 2016, we announced that we entered into an agreement to sell our U.S. Wireline business in the Northeast,including our integrated voice and data operations in New England and our wholesale transport operations in NewYork. Following the completion of the sale, we will retain our wholesale long-distance business in our U.S. Telecomsegment. The transaction is expected to close in the first quarter 2017, following the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.Renewable Energy Service sDomesticOn December 24, 2014, we acquired a provider of distributed generation solar power services in the United States,specifically in Massachusetts, California and New Jersey (the “Ahana Acquisition”). As of December 31, 2016, we owned andoperated 28 commercial solar projects at 59 sites (each, a “Facility”) with an aggregate 45.8 megawatts DC peak (“MWp”) ofelectricity generating capacity. We own the Facilities through various indirect subsidiaries that were formed for the purpose offinancing the development of, and owning and operating, the Facilities (the “Special Purpose Entities”).Services. Generally, our solar projects are in the “commercial and industrial” (“C&I”) sector of the solar market, whichis distinguished from utilities and residential customers. Our customers or “offtakers” include high‑credit quality corporates,utilities, schools, and municipalities, which purchase electricity from us under the terms of long‑term power purchase agreements(“PPAs”). Each Facility is built on the customer’s owned or leased site and reduces the customer’s dependence on traditionalenergy suppliers, thereby mitigating the price volatility often associated with traditional energy suppliers and transmissionssystems. Our PPA terms range from ten to twenty‑five years in duration and are typically priced at or below then-prevailing localretail electricity rates, allowing the customer to secure electricity at predictable and stable prices over the duration of theirlong‑term contract. As such, the PPAs provide us with high‑quality contracted cash flows, which will continue over their averageremaining life, weighted by MWp, of 12.5 years as of December 31, 2016. Certain of our PPAs provide for early termination for avariety of reasons, including in the event that (a) an offtaker is unable to appropriate funds from state and local governments,(b) there is a change of law that substantially reduces the value of utility credits, (c) termination for convenience, or (d) theFacility causes damage to the premises or roof and our customer fails to repair or causes the customer to be in violation of law, orthe customer ceases to hold tenancy or fee interest in the premises. All of our Facilities have been in commercial operation for atleast three years and are substantially located as follows: Number of Total Capacity State Facilities (MW ‑ ‑ DC) California 33 17.271 Massachusetts 16 26.999 New Jersey 10 1.524 Total 59 45.794 In developing each solar project, we facilitate the project’s design, development and construction and obtainproject‑level financing, and we take a controlling interest in the Special Purpose Entity that owns the project Facility in10 Table of Contentsexchange for a PPA. Our solar projects may be financed using a combination of tax equity, bank financing that we secure and ourcash on hand. A substantial majority of our acquired Facilities received tax equity financing, pursuant to which third partyinvestors hold equity in the Special Purpose Entities that were formed to finance the development of, and own and operate, suchFacilities. In return, the tax equity investors receive a preferred return on their investment up to a contractually agreed amount andthe benefits of various tax credits those Facilities generate. Of these projects, approximately one-third of our acquired Facilitiesare still subject to tax equity financing and will be subject to the payment of preferred returns to our tax equity partners until late2018. In addition, the Facilities located in California receive revenue from performance based incentive payments (“PBIs”) andthose located in Massachusetts and New Jersey receive revenue from the sale of solar renewable energy credit (“SREC”)contracts, which revenue we retain as the Facilities’ operator. In the future, we intend to focus on growing our project portfoliothrough additional investments with favorable credit quality offtakers in markets that offer favorable government policies toencourage renewable energy projects and where our projects can generate electricity at a cost that is less than or equal to the priceof purchasing power from traditional energy sources.We contract with utilities through an interconnection agreement to export excess energy generated by our Facilities toanother offtaker and/or the utility electrical grid.Infrastructure.Our existing Facilities are comprised of rooftop, ground‑mounted and elevated solar support structure photovoltaic(“PV”) installations. Our Facilities are located on our customers’ buildings, parking structures, landfill sites and other locationspursuant to leases or easements granted to us by our customers. These Facilities use crystalline silicon PV modules mounted inballasted, tracking or roof penetrating fixed‑tilt configurations. All of our existing Facilities were designed, engineered andconstructed by Borrego Solar Systems, Inc. (“Borrego”), a former sister company of our acquired solar operations, pursuant toengineering, procurement and construction, or “EPC”, agreements. Borrego now also maintains our Facilities at a committed feethrough long‑term Operations and Maintenance Agreements (“O&M Agreements”). Each O&M Agreement commits Borrego toprovide maintenance of a Facility for ten years after such Facility is placed in service, including systems monitoring andtroubleshooting, inspection, preventative maintenance and any other services on an as‑needed basis at our request at an additionalcost.We are dependent on a limited number of key suppliers for the PV modules that we purchase for installation at ourFacilities, with the majority of Facilities constructed with PV modules supplied by Yingli Green Energy Holding CompanyLimited, a Chinese company that sources cells from Taiwanese manufacturers and assembles them in China. Typically, the PVmodules carry materials and workmanship warranties from 5‑10 years in duration, with power warranties for a 25‑year useful life.Competition.We compete with the traditional electric power industry, as well as with other solar energy companies that may havegreater financial resources or brand name recognition than we do, disadvantaging our ability to attract new customers. The solarenergy industry is highly competitive and continually evolving and as such, we expect to compete for future project opportunitieswith new entrants as well. We believe that we compete with the traditional utilities primarily based on price and the predictabilityof that price, while we compete with other solar energy providers based on our ability to structure the development and financingof a project for our potential customers or developers on favorable terms.InternationalOn April 7, 2016, we acquired a solar power development portfolio in India and since that time, have been constructingdistributed generation solar power projects in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana based on a commercial and industrialbusiness model, similar to our domestic renewable energy operations. In November 2016, we connected the first 4.9 megawattsDC peak (“MWp”) of our first project to the grid in Andhra Pradesh and since that time, have been banking the energy exportedwithout generating any revenue as of December 31, 2016. As of February 28, 2017, we have five solar farms (each a “Facility”) atfive separate sites. In addition to the 4.9 MWp that is already11 Table of Contentsinjecting energy to the grid, we have a further 36 MWp under construction and 22 MWp where we have completed theconstruction and are now awaiting approval to evacuate electricity to the local grid. Together, we expect these five Facilities tohave a total installed capacity of 63 MWp by the third quarter of 2017. We currently target having 100 MWp operational by the end of 2017 and 250-300 MWp operational by the end of 2018,although that could change as we refine our strategy and respond to the market. Solar projects are capital intensive and thegreatest challenge to achieving these goals is our ability to secure third party debt to fund the installation of the additionalcapacity. Our ability to achieve these goals will also depend on, among other things, our ability to acquire the required land forthe new capacity, our ability to secure agreements to sell the power on terms that our financing sources consider to be bankable,our willingness to compete with local solar businesses who may be willing to build projects with a lower risk/return profile thanours, and the need to further strengthen our systems and processes to manage the ensuing growth opportunities. For a discussionof the risks associated with executing our short and long term growth plans in India, see “ Risk Factors—India Operations.”Market Opportunity . India has issued ambitious plans for the development and production of solar energy, with a goal of 100 gigawatts DC peak(“GWp”) by 2022 (as compared to 8.7 GWp installed in India as of October 31, 2016). There has historically been a closecorrelation between the growth in India’s gross domestic product and its installed electricity generating base, and we expect thisto continue for the next few years to come. India’s ambitious economic growth plans are therefore expected to be dependent onaccess to reliable and affordable electricity. India is a country where many regions currently have significant supply deficits atperiods of peak demand, resulting in both industrial and commercial consumers, and households having to suffer either regularpower cuts or to make their own arrangements for backup power. Given these macroeconomic factors, solar power is an attractive option for meeting India’s energy requirements. This hasbeen recognized by both the central Government and state Governments across India, many of whom have introduced ambitioustargets for the installation of solar power and differing regulatory support mechanisms, without the need to provide the directgovernmental subsidies that have been required in other countries for production of solar energy at this scale.The following trends have made India an attractive investment opportunity for our Renewable Energy business: • Speed of deployment . In India, as in other countries, the development and construction periods for large scaleconventional power plants (nuclear, coal and gas) are typically very long, with the period from commencingdevelopment to starting to generate power likely to be between five to ten years. This is a challenge for a country whichis in need of massive investment in new generation capacity. By contrast, a large scale solar farm can potentially beoperational within 12 – 18 months of commencing development. • Cost competitiveness . The installation cost of solar projects in India have continued to fall sharply since we made ourinitial investment in April 2016, driven in large part by the continued decrease in cost of solar panels. While the rate ofsuch price reductions is likely to slow in the future, we currently expect the cost of installation to continue to fall in thenext five to ten years, albeit at a slower pace. We also expect that the cost of debt for solar projects in India will decreasein the next five to ten years, as it has done in other countries. These factors will make the price at which solar farms areable to supply electricity ever more cost competitive with conventional forms of power generation. We are now able tosell the electricity that we generate to potential commercial and industrial customers at a discount to the price that theywould otherwise purchase electricity from the grid. 12 Table of Contents • Balance of payments and energy security . The majority of India’s electricity generating capacity is currentlycoal. Much of the coal used in these power stations is imported and purchased in foreign currencies, resulting insignificant exposure of the Indian electricity sector to movements in the cost of raw materials and currencyfluctuations. Solar plans require no raw materials to operate once installed and so have a much lower long-term riskprofile compared with conventional sources of power generation. • Massive demand for new generation capacity . India requires massive investment in its electricity sector to power itseconomic growth. Despite recently overtaking China as the fastest growing major economy in the world, India’sinstalled electricity generation capacity is still a fraction of that of China. To maintain high rates of economic growththrough increased industrialization, India will require massive investment in new electricity generation capacity. Despiteadding 112GWp in the past five years, many parts of India continue to suffer persistent demand/supply mismatch with afive-year average energy deficit of approximately 7% and a five-year average peak deficit of approximately 8%according to the Ministry of Power. • Strong government support . In order to reduce dependence on energy imports and curtail the current trade deficit andresulting impact on the rupee, the Indian government has taken a number of steps to incentivize the use of renewablesources of energy, including establishing state-level renewable power purchase obligations and tax breaks for the importof solar equipment and modules. • Environmental viability . India is known for its dry, sunny weather – ideal for the generation of solar energy. India ranksamong the highest irradiation-receiving countries in the world with more than 300 days of sunshine per year in much ofthe country and the resource is widely available throughout the country. In addition, as solar plants can be built near thepoint of consumption, power produced generally does not incur expensive transmission charges or require infrastructureor transmission investments. By contrast, conventional power plants such as coal and nuclear may face mid to long-termchallenges to their viability due to the need for massive amounts of water for cooling these facilities. Recently, reports inIndia have circulated that some coal power plants have suspended operations during periods of heat due to the lack ofavailable water for cooling. We consider India to be an attractive market for solar power without the need to rely on governmental subsidies. This isin contrast with most countries, including the United States, where the mass deployment of solar power and other forms ofrenewable energy has required, and continues to require, some form of governmental support (either through direct subsidy or taxbreaks) to be economically viable. While we currently expect the landscape for solar power to change over time in India, andpotentially materially as the market matures, we believe that the core principal behind our investment in our Indian solar business- that solar power can compete with fossil fuels on a level playing field for the long-term - remains valid. Indeed, adverseregulatory change is likely to be the primary reason why this would change in the future, and we currently consider the risk ofsuch adverse regulatory change to be low given the country’s fundamental requirement for new electricity generation capacity.Services. We own our Facilities through various indirect subsidiaries that were formed for the purpose of financing thedevelopment of, and owning and operating, the Facilities (the “Special Purpose Entities”). We expect our initial Facilities to sellelectricity to commercial and industrial (“C&I”) customers as we establish our business, although in time we may diversify ourcustomer base to also sell power to state utility companies. We do not expect to sell power directly to residential customers. Ourtarget C&I customers or “offtakers” for our initial Facilities are high‑credit quality corporates, including banks, manufacturers,hotel groups, and hospital groups, which purchase electricity from us under the terms of PPAs. The PPA terms agreed upon withour initial customer base are typically five years in duration and priced below the rate that the customer is currently purchasingelectricity from the grid, with annual paid escalators, allowing such customer to secure electricity at predictable and stable pricesover the duration of their long‑term contract. As such, the PPAs provide us with high‑quality contracted cash flows, which willcontinue over their average remaining life. Our PPAs typically have penalties for the non-delivery of power and as such, wetypically try to enter into binding PPAs late in the development process when the connection date of the solar farm can bepredicted with greater13 Table of Contentsconfidence. Current regulations allow us to sell power to any commercial or industrial customer within 500 kilometers of our gridconnection. Currently, we have approximately 30 MWp committed, meaning the aggregate megawatt rated capacity of solarpower plants pursuant to such PPAs is signed or allotted but not yet commissioned and operational as of the reporting date. As ofDecember 31, 2016, we began banking power to the grid, but had not yet derived any revenue pursuant to existing PPAs. OurFacilities are located as follows: Number of Total CapacityState Facilities (MW‑‑DC) Built UnderConstructionAndhra Pradesh 5 4.9 35Telengana 22Total 5 4.9 57 In developing each solar project, we hire third party engineering and procurement contractors to design and construct ourFacilities and actively manage their performance through our in-house technical and quality assurance team. Our in-house teamis also responsible for sourcing and purchasing our material equipment items, such as solar panels and inverters. We haveconstructed our Facilities with mostly equity and intercompany debt and following the completion of construction, intend tofinance each Facility to raise the funds to construct additional Facilities in 2017. While we intend to continue to focus ouroperations on attracting a C&I customer base, in the future we may also consider selling power to state utility companies toenable the Company to expand its installed operating base more quickly.Our local, in house staff also provides us with the expertise to provide additional revenue from Operations & Maintenance(“O&M”) agreements that we have entered into with third parties for the maintenance, development and construction oversight ofother solar power projects owned by such third parties in India. Currently, our team is focused on supporting the construction ofour own projects in India, however, may look in the future to engage in support for additional third parties to produce additionalmanagement and O&M revenue for our Company.Infrastructure.Our existing Facilities are comprised of ground‑mounted solar photovoltaic (“PV”) installations. The majority of ourFacilities are single-axis tracking systems to increase the generating capability of our Facilities. Our Facilities are located on landthat we have purchased from local owners and will continue to own throughout the duration of each project. Our team in Indiaexecutes a rigorous due diligence process with respect to any land that we seek to purchase for construction of a project,attempting to minimize the risks typically associated with land purchase and ownership in India. For a more detailed discussion ofthe risks associated with land procurement and ownership in India, see “ Risk Factors—India Operations.”All of our existing Facilities were designed, engineered and constructed by KEC International Limited (“KEC”), a globalpower infrastructure engineering and construction firm, pursuant to engineering, procurement and construction, or “EPC”,agreements. We maintain our Facilities ourselves and have staff employed – both in our corporate office in Hyderabad and ateach of our Facilities - who provide year-round maintenance, systems monitoring and troubleshooting, inspection, preventativemaintenance and any other services on an as‑needed basis for each of our projects.We depend on a limited number of key suppliers for the PV modules that we purchase for installation at our Facilities,with the majority of Facilities constructed with PV modules supplied by GCL System Integration Technology Limited, a Chinesecompany. Typically, the PV modules carry materials and workmanship warranties of 10 years in duration, with power warrantiesfor a 25‑year useful life.14 Table of ContentsCompetition.We compete with the traditional electric power industry; however, our primary competitors are other solar energycompanies that may have greater financial resources or brand name recognition than we do, disadvantaging our ability to attractnew customers. The solar energy industry is highly competitive and there are low barriers to entry for companies with sufficientfinancial resources. The market is continually evolving, as demonstrated by the ever-decreasing prices tendered in India utilitypower auctions during 2016, and as such, we expect new entrants to the market as it continues to evolve. However, we believethat the availability of expansion capital from third party financing sources, rather than competition from third parties, is themajor risk factor that inhibits our achieving our near-term goals for our Renewable Energy segment. Over the longer term, someof our competitors may have advantages over us in terms of larger size, access to expansion capital, internal access to solarpanels and greater operational, financial, technical, management, lower cost of capital or other resources. See “Risk Factors —Risks Related to Our Business and Industry — We face significant competition from traditional and renewable energycompanies.”Employee sAs of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 1,800 employees, of whom approximately 800 were employed in theUnited States (including in the U.S. Virgin Islands). At the holding company level, we employ our executive management teamand staff. Approximately half of our Guyana and U.S. Virgin Island full‑time work forces are represented by unions. In addition,approximately 20% of our Bermuda fulltime workforce is also represented by unions. We believe we have good relations with ouremployees.RegulationTelecom RegulationOur wireless and wireline operations and our video services operations in the United States and the U.S. Virgin Islandsare governed by the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (or “Communications Act”), the implementing regulationsadopted thereunder by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), judicial and regulatory decisions interpreting andimplementing the Communications Act, and other federal statutes.U.S. Federal Regulatio nOur wireless and wireline telecommunications and video services operations are subject to extensive governmentalregulation in each of the jurisdictions in which we provide services. The following summary of regulatory developments andlegislation does not purport to describe all present and proposed federal, state, local, and foreign regulation and legislation thatmay affect our businesses. Legislative or regulatory requirements currently applicable to our businesses may change in the futureand legislative or regulatory requirements may be adopted by those jurisdictions that currently have none. Any such changescould impose new obligations on us that would adversely affect our operating results.Wireless ServicesThe FCC regulates, among other things; the licensed and unlicensed use of radio spectrum; the ownership, lease, transferof control and assignment of wireless licenses; the ongoing technical, operational and service requirements applicable to suchlicenses; the timing, nature and scope of network construction; the provision of certain services, such as E‑911; and theinterconnection of communications networks in the United States.Licenses. We provide our wireless services under various commercial mobile radio services (or “CMRS”) licenses, suchas cellular, broadband Personal Communications Services (or “PCS”) or 700 MHz licenses, Advanced Wireless Service (or“AWS”), and Broadband Radio Service (or “BRS”) licenses granted by the FCC, pursuant to special temporary authority (or“STA”) to use certain BRS spectrum for which we do not hold a license, and pursuant to leases of spectrum from FCC‑licensedoperators. Some of these licenses and STAs are site‑ based while others cover specified geographic market areas, typicallyCellular Market Areas (or “CMAs”) and Basic Trading Areas (or “BTAs”),15 Table of Contentsas defined by the FCC. The technical and service rules, the specific radio frequencies and the authorized spectrum amounts varydepending on the licensed service. The FCC generally allocates CMRS licenses through periodic auctions, after determining howmany licenses to make available in particular frequency ranges, the applicable service rules, and the terms on which the licenseauction will be conducted. Such licenses are also available via secondary market mechanisms, using procedures and regulationsset forth by the FCC. There is no certainty as to when additional spectrum will be made available for wireless broadband services,the amount of spectrum that might ultimately be made available, the timing of the auction of any such spectrum, the likelyconfiguration of any such additional spectrum and conditions that might apply to it, or the usability of any of this spectrum forwireless services competitive with our services or by us.Construction Obligations. The FCC conditions licenses on the satisfaction of certain obligations to construct networkscovering a specified geographic area or population by specific dates. The obligations vary depending on the licensed service.Failure to satisfy an applicable construction requirement can result in the assessment of fines and forfeitures by the FCC, areduced license term, or automatic license cancellation. We are substantially in compliance with the applicable constructionrequirements that have arisen for the licenses we currently hold and expect to meet our future construction requirements as well.If we fail to meet the build out requirements by the end of the license term for any individual 700 MHz license, we will lose ourauthority to serve any unserved area within that particular 700 MHz licensed area and also could be subject to fines andforfeitures, including a revocation of that particular 700 MHz licenses. We currently have met the build out or waiverrequirements with respect to that particular 700 MHz licenses except one license as to which we are pursuing a timely – filedwaiver request.With respect to some of our licenses, if we were to discontinue operation of a wireless system for a period of time, (atleast 90 consecutive days for cellular licenses), our license for that area would be automatically forfeited.License Renewals. Our FCC licenses generally expire between 2017 and 2022 and are renewable upon application to theFCC. License renewal applications may be denied if the FCC determines, after appropriate notice and hearing, that renewal wouldnot serve the public interest, convenience, or necessity. At the time of renewal, if we can demonstrate that we have provided“substantial” service during the past license term and have complied with the Communications Act and applicable FCC rules andpolicies, then the FCC will award a renewal expectancy to us and will generally renew our existing licenses without consideringany competing applications. The FCC defines “substantial” service as service that is sound, favorable and substantially above alevel of mediocre service that might only minimally warrant renewal. If we do not receive a renewal expectancy, then the FCCwill accept competing applications for the license and conduct a comparative hearing. In that situation, the FCC may award thelicense to another applicant. While our licenses have been renewed regularly by the FCC in the past, there can be no assurancethat all of our licenses will be renewed in the future.In 2011, the FCC, in a Notice of Proposed Rule Making (“NPRM”), proposed to establish more consistent requirementsfor the renewal of licenses, uniform policies governing discontinuances of service, and to clarify certain construction obligationsacross all of the wireless service bands. The proposed changes to the applicable renewal and discontinuance of servicerequirements may be applied to existing licenses that will be renewed in the future. This process remains pending. We are unableto predict with any certainty the likely timing or outcome of this wireless renewal standards proceeding.The FCC may deny license applications and, in extreme cases, revoke licenses if it finds that an entity lacks the requisitequalifications to be a licensee. In making that determination, the FCC considers whether an applicant or licensee has been thesubject of adverse findings in a judicial or administrative proceeding involving felonies, the possession or sale of unlawful drugs,fraud, antitrust violations, or unfair competition, employment discrimination, misrepresentations to the FCC or other governmentagencies, or serious violations of the Communications Act or FCC regulations. To our knowledge, there are no activities and nojudicial or administrative proceedings involving either us or the licensees in which we hold a controlling interest that wouldwarrant such a finding by the FCC.License Acquisitions. Prior FCC approval typically is required for transfers or assignments of a controlling interest inany license or construction permit, or of any rights thereunder. The FCC may approve or prohibit such transactions altogether, orapprove subject to certain conditions such as divestitures or other requirements.16 Table of ContentsNon‑controlling minority interests in an entity that holds an FCC license generally may be bought or sold without FCC approval,subject to any applicable FCC notification requirements. The FCC permits licensees to lease spectrum to third parties undercertain conditions, subject to prior FCC approval, or in some instances, notification to the FCC. These mechanisms provideadditional flexibility for wireless providers to structure transactions and create additional business and investment opportunities.The FCC no longer caps the amount of CMRS spectrum in which an entity may hold an attributable interest and nowengages in a case‑by‑case review of proposed wireless transactions, including spectrum acquired via auction, to ensure that theproposed transaction serves the public interest and would not result in a rule violation or an undue concentration of market power.In reviewing proposed transactions that involve the transfer or assignment of mobile wireless spectrum, the FCC utilizesa spectrum aggregation screen to determine whether the transaction requires additional scrutiny. The FCC in June 2014 adoptedan Order which updated the spectrum screen that the FCC uses in order to conduct its competitive review of proposed secondarymarket transactions. The FCC’s Order continued the FCC’s policy of conducting a case‑by‑case analysis of a combined entity’sspectrum screen holdings for proposed transactions, revised its existing spectrum screen to reflect the current suitability andavailability of spectrum for mobile wireless services, and adopted certain limitations with respect to the purchase and transfer of600 MHz spectrum. A transaction will trigger additional FCC scrutiny if it will result in the geographic overlap of CMRSspectrum in a given area that is equal to or in excess of 141 MHz, 163.5 MHz, 171 MHz, or 194 MHz, depending on theavailability of BRS and AWS spectrum in an overlap area. A transaction will also be reviewed by the FCC with heightenedscrutiny if it will result in the resulting entity having over 45 MHz of spectrum under 1 GHz. The FCC’s additional scrutinywould also be triggered if a proposed transaction results in a material change in the post‑transaction market share in a particularmarket as measured by the Herfindahl‑Hirschman Index. We are well below the spectrum aggregation screen in the majority ofgeographic areas in which we hold or have access to licenses, and thus we may be able to acquire additional spectrum either fromthe FCC in an auction or from third parties in private transactions in most locations in which we operate. Similarly, ourcompetitors may be able to strengthen their operations by making additional acquisitions of spectrum in our markets or by furtherconsolidating the industry.Other Requirements. The Communications Act and the FCC’s rules impose a number of additional requirements uponwireless service providers. A failure to meet or maintain compliance with the Communications Act and/or the FCC’s rules maysubject us to fines, forfeitures, penalties or other sanctions.Wireless licensees must satisfy a variety of FCC requirements relating to technical and reporting matters. Licensees mustoften coordinate frequency usage with adjacent licensees and permittees to avoid interference between adjacent systems. Inaddition, the height and power of transmitting facilities and the type of signals emitted must fall within specified parameters. Forcertain licensed services, a variety of incumbent government and non‑government operations may have to be relocated before alicensee may commence operations, which may trigger the payment of relocation costs by the incoming licensee.The radio systems towers that we own and lease are subject to Federal Aviation Administration and FCC regulations thatgovern the location, marking, lighting, and construction of towers and are subject to the requirements of the NationalEnvironmental Policy Act, National Historic Preservation Act, and other environmental statutes enforced by the FCC. The FCChas also adopted guidelines and methods for evaluating human exposure to radio frequency emissions from radio equipment. Webelieve that all of our radio systems on towers that we own or lease comply in all material respects with these requirements,guidelines, and methods.The FCC has adopted requirements for cellular, PCS and other CMRS providers to implement basic and enhanced 911,or E‑911, services. These services provide state and local emergency service providers with the ability to better identify andlocate 911 callers using wireless services, including callers using special devices for the hearing impaired. Because theimplementation of these obligations requires that the local emergency services provider have certain facilities available, ourspecific obligations are set on a market‑by‑ market basis as emergency service providers request the implementation of E‑ 911services within their locales. As part of an E‑911 initiative, the FCC adopted stronger rules regarding E‑911 location accuracy.The extent to which we are required to deploy E‑911 services will17 Table of Contentsaffect our capital spending obligations. Federal law limits our liability for uncompleted 911 calls to a degree commensurate withwireline carriers in our markets.In 2013, the FCC adopted rules requiring wireless carriers and certain other text messaging service providers to send anautomatic ‘bounce‑back’ text message to consumers who try to text 911 where text‑to‑911 is not available, indicating theunavailability of such services. In August 2014, the FCC required all wireless carriers as well as other providers of interconnectedtext messaging applications, to be capable of supporting text‑to‑911 service by December 31, 2014, and to provide such service torequesting PSAPs by June 30, 2015 or six months after a request from a PSAP, whichever is later. The FCC has also soughtfurther comment regarding additional regulations pertaining to the provision of text‑to‑911 service.In addition to CMRS licenses, our wireless business relies on FCC licensed spectrum for “Common Carrier Fixed Pointto Point Microwave” referred to as Common Carrier Microwave. We currently operate over 200 licensed microwave links.Common Carrier microwave stations are generally used in a point-to-point configuration for cellular site connections or toconnect points on the telephone network which cannot be connected using standard wireline or fiber optic cable because of cost orterrain. The majority of our license grants are for a period of 10 years.In 2008 the FCC issued Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FNPRM) which established a Commercial MobileAlert System (CMAS) allowing CMRS providers to transmit emergency alerts to the public. In February 2013, the FCCintroduced obligation to indicate whether carriers have opted in or out of providing this service to its subscribers. We have chosento opt into the service and we are currently providing it to all of our retail wireless customers.The FCC’s rules require CMRS providers to offer “roaming” services to other providers. Roaming enables oneprovider’s customers to obtain service from another provider when the customer is using their wireless device in an area servedby the second provider. These rules apply to voice, messaging, and data services, including Internet access, although the roamingrules vary somewhat among these services. We are obligated to offer roaming, and we have the right to seek roaming from otherproviders, on reasonable terms and conditions. The FCC has identified a variety of factors that are relevant to whether an offer toprovide roaming is reasonable, including the price, terms and conditions, and whether the two providers’ networks aretechnologically compatible. Changes in the FCC’s roaming regulation may affect the terms under which we provide roamingservices to third parties and may affect our ability to secure roaming arrangements with other CMRS providers on behalf of ourretail wireless customers. We are obligated to pay certain annual regulatory fees and assessments to support FCC wireless industry regulation, aswell as fees supporting federal universal service programs, number portability, regional database costs, centralized telephonenumbering administration, telecommunications relay service for the hearing‑impaired and application filing fees. These fees aresubject to change periodically by the FCC and the manner in which carriers may recoup these fees from customers is subject tovarious restrictions.Wireline ServicesLocal Competition. The Communications Act encourages competition in local telecommunications markets byremoving barriers to market entry and imposing on non‑rural incumbent local exchange carriers (or “ILECs”) variousrequirements related to, among other things, interconnection, access to unbundled network elements, collocation, access to poles,ducts, conduits, and rights‑of‑way, wholesale and resale obligations, and telephone number portability. These requirementscontinue to evolve through their implementation by the FCC and through FCC decisions forbearing from applying these rules tocertain services and facilities. Most recently, in July 2016, the FCC issued an order largely deregulating the provision of switchedaccess services by ILECs. Further future action by the FCC in connection with these requirements may have an effect on thefinancial condition or operations of our U.S. Wireline segment. Our operations on the U.S. mainland have benefited from thereduced costs in acquiring required communication services, such as ILEC interconnection, as a result of these requirements.Provisions relating to interconnection, telephone number portability, equal access, and resale could, however, subject us toincreased competition and additional economic and regulatory burdens. Our ILEC operations in the U.S. Virgin Islands throughInnovative are exempt from most of these requirements pursuant to a rural exemption. 18 Table of ContentsWhile the FCC to date has declined to classify interconnected VoIP service as a telecommunications service orinformation service, it has imposed a number of consumer protection and public safety obligations on interconnected VoIPproviders, relying in large part on its general ancillary jurisdiction powers. To the extent that we provide interconnected VoIPservice we will be subject to a number of these obligations.Video Services. Video services systems are regulated by the FCC under the Communications Act. The FCC regulatesour programming selection through local broadcast TV station mandatory carriage obligations, constraints on our retransmissionconsent negotiations with local broadcast TV stations, and limited regulation of our carriage negotiations with cable programmingnetworks. The FCC also imposes rules governing, among other things, leased cable set-top boxes, our ability to collect anddisclose subscribers’ personally identifiable information, access to inside wiring in multiple dwelling units, cable poleattachments, customer service and technical standards, and disability access requirement. Failure to comply with these regulationscould subject us to penalties. Wireless and Wireline ServicesUniversal Service. In general, all telecommunications providers are obligated to contribute to the federal UniversalService Fund (or “USF”), which is used to promote the availability of wireline and wireless telephone service to individuals andfamilies qualifying for federal assistance, households located in rural and high‑cost areas, and to schools, libraries and rural healthcare providers. Contributions to the federal USF are based on end user interstate and international telecommunications revenue.Some states have similar programs that also require contribution. The FCC has suggested that it may examine the way in which itcollects carrier contributions to the USF, including a proposal to base collections on the number of telephone numbers or networkconnections in use by each carrier. We contribute to the USF as required by the rules throughout the U.S., and receive funds fromthe USF for providing service in rural areas of the United States and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The collection of USF fees anddistribution of USF support is under continual review by state and federal legislative and regulatory bodies, and changes to theseprograms could affect our revenues. We are subject to audit by the Universal Service Administration Corporation (or “USAC”)with respect to our contributions and our receipts of universal service funding. We believe we are substantially compliant with allFCC and state regulations related to the receipt and collection of universal service support.In November 2011, the FCC released an order reforming the USF program to phase out the current level of high‑costUSF support for wireless carriers over a period of five years, beginning in 2012. The scheduled phase out, however, wassuspended in 2013 as the FCC addresses a delay in implementing phase two of its Mobility Fund program. We cannot predict theimpact of any such changes on the amounts we pay or receive in USF funds and consequently, our efforts to build and maintainnetworks in certain rural markets. As part of the USF reforms, the FCC created two new replacement funds, the Connect AmericaFund and the Mobility Fund, both of which allow for the use of USF funds for broadband services, in addition to voice services.The new funds are intended to provide targeted financial support to areas that are unserved or under‑served by voice andbroadband service providers and will be initiated during the phase out of USF support.In July 2012, the FCC initiated the application process for the Mobility Fund I program, a reverse auction for a one‑timedistribution of up to $300 million intended to stimulate third‑ and fourth‑generation wireless coverage in unserved andunder‑served geographic areas. A number of our subsidiaries participated in the Mobility Fund I reverse auction on September 27,2012 and bid successfully for approximately $21.7 million in one‑time support to expand voice and broadband networks incertain geographic areas in order to offer either 3G or 4G coverage. These subsidiaries have completed the construction of thefacilities funded by this support and are finalizing the submissions necessary to document this in order to receive their finalpayments. Our newly acquired business in the U.S. Virgin Islands also benefits from USF support and expects to continue toreceive its current annual support of approximately $16 million for the foreseeable future, subject to performance requirements tobe outlined by the FCC. To continue to receive these funds, we must commit to comply with certain additional FCC constructionand other requirements. We are participating in ongoing FCC proceedings that will establish the obligations that will beassociated with these funds and the term over which they will continue to be disbursed but we cannot predict the outcome of thisproceeding or its effects on our operations, if any. 19 Table of ContentsIntercarrier Compensation. Under federal and state law, telecommunications providers are generally required tocompensate one another for originating and terminating traffic for other carriers. Consistent with these provisions, we currentlyreceive compensation from other carriers and also pay compensation to other carriers. In October 2011, the FCC, significantlyrevised its intercarrier compensation regime. Under the revised intercarrier compensation regime, where there is no pre‑existingagreement between a CMRS carrier and a local exchange carrier (or “LEC”) for the exchange of local traffic, such traffic betweenCMRS providers and the LEC is to be compensated pursuant to a default bill‑and‑keep regime, in which each carrier agrees toterminate calls from the other at no charge. The FCC’s revised intercarrier compensation regime also sets forth a transitionschedule that will result in most traffic between telecommunications carriers being exchanged on a bill‑and‑keep basis.Specifically, the rules call for most terminating traffic exchanged with larger LECs to be exchanged on a bill-and-keep basisbeginning July 1, 2017, and all terminating traffic with all LECs to be exchanged on a bill-and-keep basis by July 1, 2020. Theserules may affect the manner in which we are charged or compensated for the exchange of traffic. We cannot predict the impact ofany changes to these requirements on the amounts that we pay or receive.Net Neutrality. The FCC, in March 2015, adopted net neutrality rules for broadband Internet providers, includingmobile broadband Internet providers, under which such providers would not be able to engage in various forms of blocking,throttling or paid prioritization with respect to Internet content, subject to reasonable network management. The FCC alsoadopted enhanced transparency rules and a general conduct rule regarding behavior of broadband Internet providers. In doing so,the FCC reclassified broadband Internet service as a Title II telecommunications service under the Communications Act. TheFCC, in reclassifying broadband Internet service as a Title II service, specifically forbore from applying many legacy commoncarrier regulations to broadband Internet service providers. These network neutrality rules were upheld by the United StatesCourt of Appeals for the District of Columbia, and challengers have asked the court to reconsider its decision. We cannot predictwith any certainty the likely timing or outcome of any Court action. Press reports and statements by the new FCC leadershipindicate that the FCC is likely to relax or eliminate the net neutrality rules. Telecommunications Privacy Regulations. The FCC, in October 2016, adopted new privacy rules that impose certaintransparency, consumer choice, data security, and data breach notification requirements on telecommunications providers,including broadband Internet providers. Among other things, the rules prohibit broadband providers from using or sharing theircustomers’ web browsing history or app usage information for advertising purposes without customers’ opt-in consent. They alsorequire certain enhanced disclosure and consent requirements for offering consumers financial incentives, such as discounts, topermit the use and sharing of their data. Several parties have petitioned the FCC for reconsideration of the new rules, most ofwhich are not yet effective. These requirements are scheduled to go into effect March 2, 2017, whereas the new notice and choicerequirements will not be effective until at least December 2, 2017. The new Administration has publicly stated that it intends tomodify or eliminate these rules, and we cannot predict the likely timing or outcome of any such action.CALEA. Under certain circumstances, federal law also requires telecommunications carriers to provide law enforcementagencies with capacity and technical capabilities to support lawful wiretaps pursuant to the Communications Assistance for LawEnforcement Act (or “CALEA”). Federal law also requires compliance with wiretap‑related record‑keeping and personnel‑relatedobligations. We are in compliance with all such requirements currently applicable to us. The FCC has adopted rules that applyCALEA obligations to high speed Internet access and voice‑over Internet protocol (or “VoIP”) services. Maintaining compliancewith these law enforcement requirements may impose additional capital spending obligations on us to make necessary systemupgrades.Obligations Due to Economic Stimulus GrantsThree of our subsidiaries have received awards from the Broadband Technology Opportunities Program (“BTOP”) ofthe U.S. Department of Commerce (“DOC”) pursuant to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”). As aBTOP awardee, we are subject to the various terms and conditions included in the agency’s Notice of Funds Availabilitypublished in the Federal Register on July 9, 2009. Among these requirements are Interconnection and Non‑Discriminationrequirements by which any awardee must comply with the following requirements: (i) adhere to the principles contained in theFCC’s Internet Policy Statement (FCC 05‑151, adopted August 5, 2005) or any subsequent ruling or statement; (ii) not favor anylawful Internet applications and content over20 Table of Contentsothers; (iii) display network management policies in a prominent location on its web page and provide notice to customers ofchanges to these policies; (iv) connect to the public Internet directly or indirectly, so that the project is not an entirely privateclosed network; and (v) offer interconnection, where technically feasible without exceeding current or reasonably anticipatedcapacity limitations, at reasonable rates and terms to be negotiated with requesting parties. While FCC rules regarding theseissues may apply to all our operations, these particular requirements apply only to our BTOP‑funded projects.As a BTOP awardee, we are also required to comply with other terms and conditions of the individual DOC grants,including reporting, transparency and audit requirements pursuant to Section 1512 of the ARRA, and notification and reportingobligations set forth in the Office of Management and Budget Memorandum, Implementing Guidance for Reports on Use ofFunds Pursuant to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (OMB M‑09‑21, June 22, 2009). We believe we arecurrently in material compliance with all BTOP and DOC requirements applicable to our grants.U.S. State RegulationFederal law preempts state and local regulation of the entry of, or the rates charged by, any CMRS provider. As apractical matter, we are free to establish rates and offer new products and service with a minimum of regulatory requirements.The states in which we operate maintain nominal oversight jurisdiction. For example, although states do not have the authority toregulate the entry or the rates charged by CMRS providers, states may regulate the “other terms and conditions” of a CMRSprovider’s service. Most states still maintain some form of jurisdiction over complaints as to the nature or quality of services andas to billing issues. Since states may continue to regulate “other terms and conditions” of wireless service, and a number of stateauthorities have initiated actions or investigations of various wireless carrier practices, the outcome of these proceedings isuncertain and could require us to change certain of our practices and ultimately increase state regulatory authority over thewireless industry. States and localities assess on wireless carriers taxes and fees that may equal or even exceed federalobligations.The location and construction of our wireless transmitter towers and antennas are subject to state and localenvironmental regulation, as well as state or local zoning, land use and other regulation. Before we can put a system intocommercial operation, we must obtain all necessary zoning and building permit approvals for the cell site and tower locations.The time needed to obtain zoning approvals and requisite state permits varies from market to market and state to state. Likewise,variations exist in local zoning processes. If zoning approval or requisite state permits cannot be obtained, or if environmentalrules make construction impossible or infeasible on a particular site, our network design might be adversely affected, networkdesign costs could increase and the service provided to our customers might be reduced.In December 2016, the FCC initiated a proceeding to consider further streamlining the regulations governing the sitingof wireless facilities on municipal rights-of-way. The FCC will consider in this proceeding whether to impose requirements onstate and local jurisdictions to facilitate wireless tower siting. Although we cannot predict the outcome of this proceeding, andsuch streamlining of tower siting requirements may benefit our ability to expand our wireless network coverage.U.S. Virgin Islands RegulationVirgin Islands Public Service Commission Pursuant to the USVI Public Utilities Code, the Virgin Islands Public Service Commission (“PSC”) regulates certaintelecommunications and cable TV services that Innovative provides in the U.S. Virgin Islands through Innovative. In addition,certain of our subsidiaries entered into a transfer of control agreement with the PSC on July 1, 2016, which imposes certainoperational obligations on the Innovative companies. Among other things, the PSC establishes the rates and fees that we maycharge local exchange residential and enterprise customers in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The PSC is required by US Virgin Islandslaw to review local utility rates every five years. In June 2016, the PSC adopted an order increasing the rates and fees that we maycharge subject to certain conditions and future obligations. We believe that we have satisfied these requirements. In addition, as acondition to Innovative’s receipt of21 Table of Contentsuniversal service funds from the FCC, the PSC is required to certify on annual basis that Innovative is in compliance with certaineligible telecommunication carrier (“ETC”) obligations. We believe that we comply with all such obligations but we cannotpredict the outcome of future PSC proceedings relating to Innovative’s ETC status. Further, our subsidiaries provide cable TVservice in the U.S. Virgin Islands pursuant to two franchises granted by the PSC. Each franchise was renewed in July 2015 by anorder issued by the PSC, but the PSC has not yet issued new franchise agreements memorializing these renewals. We understandthat the renewal franchise agreements contain substantially similar terms and conditions as the prior franchise agreements,including a 15-year term. Virgin Islands Research and Technology Park Our video and wireless companies in the U.S. Virgin Islands also receive tax benefits as qualifying participants in theUSVI’s Research & Technology Park (“RTPark”) program. RTPark was chartered with the goal of promoting technology-basedeconomic development in the territory and offering attractive economic incentives to companies that contribute to thedevelopment of the Virgin Islands through local employment and sourcing, as well as significant contributions to both theeconomy and the non-profit sectors of the community. As part of the program, our participating entities currently receive a 100%tax exemption applied against gross receipts and excise taxes as well as a 90% exemption against income taxes. These benefitsequate to an annualized range of $2.0 to $2.5 million in expected tax exemptions for the year ended December 31, 2016. In orderto qualify, we are required to maintain certain capital investments over the first five years of the agreement, pay monthlymanagement fees of 0.4% of tenant company revenue, make annual charitable contributions to the University of the VirginIslands, purchase products and services locally when feasible and provide in-kind services to RTPark. As part of our acquisitionof our newly acquired business in the U.S. Virgin Islands, we expect to work with the RTPark in the 2017 fiscal year toconsolidate our legacy wireless operations with our newly acquired operations as a single participant in the RTPark. Guyana Regulatio nOur subsidiary, Guyana Telephone & Telegraph Limited (“GTT”), in which we hold an 80% interest, is subject toregulation in Guyana under the provisions of GTT’s License from the Government of Guyana, the Guyana Public UtilitiesCommission Act of 1999 as amended (or “PUC Law”) and the Guyana Telecommunications Act 1990 (or “TelecommunicationsLaw”). The Public Utilities Commission of Guyana (or “PUC”) is an independent statutory body with the principal responsibilityfor regulating telecommunications rates and services in Guyana. The Ministry of Telecommunications, an agency of theGovernment of Guyana, has formal authority over telecommunications licensing and related issues.Licenses. GTT provides domestic fixed (both wireline and wireless) and international voice and data services inGuyana pursuant to a License from the Government of Guyana granting GTT the exclusive right to provide the following: publictelephone, radio telephone, and pay telephone services; domestic fixed services (both wireline and wireless); international voiceand data services; sale of advertising in any telephone directories; and switched or non‑ switched private line service. TheLicense, which was issued in December 1990, had an initial 20‑year term. Pursuant to the License, GTT also provides mobilewireless telephone service in Guyana on a non‑exclusive basis pursuant to an initial twenty‑year term. In November 2009, GTTnotified the Government of its election to renew both the exclusive and non‑ exclusive license grants for an additional 20 yearterm expiring in 2030. In exercising this option, GTT reiterated to the Government that GTT and the Company would be willingto voluntarily relinquish the exclusivity aspect of GTT’s licenses, but only as part of an alternative agreement with theGovernment. On December 15, 2010, the Government, through the Office of the President, sent a letter to GTT indicating thatGTT’s License was renewed until such time as a new legislative and regulatory regime to reform the telecommunications sectorin Guyana is brought into force; however, GTT formally notified the Government that it is entitled to an unconditional renewal ofboth the exclusive and non‑exclusive license grants for an additional period of twenty years or until such time as GTT and theCompany enter into an alternative agreement with the Government.PUC Law and Telecommunications Law. The PUC Law and the Telecommunications Law provide the generalframework for the regulation of telecommunications services in Guyana. As a general matter, the PUC has authority to regulateGTT’s domestic and international telecommunications services and rates and to require GTT to supply certain22 Table of Contentstechnical, administrative and financial information as it may request. The PUC claims broad authority to review and amend any ofGTT’s programs for development and expansion of facilities or services, although GTT has challenged the PUC’s view on thescope of its authority. For a description of recent actions of the PUC, see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statementsincluded in this Report.Regulatory Developments. In 2016, the Government of Guyana passed new telecommunications legislationintroducing material changes to many features of Guyana’s existing telecommunications regulatory regime with the intention ofintroducing additional competition into Guyana’s telecommunications sector. The legislation that passed, however, has not yetbeen implemented and does not include a provision that permits other telecommunications carriers to receive licensesautomatically upon signing of the legislation, nor does it have the effect of terminating our exclusive license. Instead, thelegislation, as passed, requires the Minister of Telecommunications to conduct further proceedings and issue implementing ordersto enact the various provisions of the legislation. We have met with the Government of Guyana, including as recently asDecember 2016, to discuss modifications of our exclusivity rights and other rights under its existing agreement andlicense. However, there can be no assurance that those discussions will be concluded before the Government issues new licensesas contemplated by the legislation or at all, or that they will satisfactorily address the Company’s contractual exclusivity rights. Although we believe that we would be entitled to damages or other compensation for any involuntary termination of itscontractual exclusivity rights, we cannot guarantee that we would prevail in a proceeding to enforce our rights or that our actionswould effectively halt any unilateral action by the Government.FCC Rule‑Making and International Long‑Distance Rates. The actions of foreign telecommunications regulators,especially the FCC in the United States, can affect the settlement or termination rate payable by foreign carriers to GTT forincoming international voice calls. While the FCC continues to monitor and evaluate termination rate levels and benchmarks, wecannot predict when and if the FCC will further reduce settlement rates or the effect lower rates will have on revenue in ourInternational Integrated Telephony segment.Caribbean and Bermuda RegulationIn Bermuda, we were historically subject to Bermuda’s Telecommunications Act of 1986 that authorized it to usespectrum to deliver services under its “Class B” license. In 2013, the Regulatory Authority implemented the ElectronicCommunications Act of 2011 (“ECA”), which allows communications service providers to enter new lines of business andintroduces competition in the sector. As the government of Bermuda reforms the local telecommunications market, it has imposedregulatory and other fees and adopted additional regulation that have increased the regulatory costs incurred by and couldotherwise impact our Bermuda operations. In 2017, the Regulatory Authority is expected to conduct a review of the market asrequired by the ECA. We cannot now accurately predict the impact to the competitive position of our Bermuda business orlimitations that such actions will have on our ability to grow. In the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”), the local government (rather than the government of the United Kingdom) hasauthority over telecommunications matters in the BVI, with the Ministry of Communications and Works acting as the licensingauthority and the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (“TRC”) acting as the regulator. With the adoption of theTelecommunications Act, 2006, the BVI telecommunications market was substantially liberalized and reformed. In 2007, BVICable received a unitary license authorizing it to provide fixed, mobile, broadband, and video services. The unitary license has a15-year term and is eligible for renewal for subsequent 15-year terms. Renewable Energy Services RegulationU.S. Federal RegulationAll of our currently owned projects in operation are solar “qualifying facilities” under the Public Utility RegulatoryPolicies Act of 1978, as amended (“PURPA”). As such, the projects and the respective project company that own the projects areexempt from ratemaking and certain other regulatory provisions of the Federal Power Act, as amended (“FPA”), and from stateorganizational and financial regulation of electric utilities.23 Table of ContentsOur projects are also subject to compliance with the applicable mandatory reliability standards developed by the NorthAmerican Electric Reliability Corporation and approved by FERC under the FPA.Additionally, certain of the project companies that own projects or the “offtakers” of the electricity from the projectshave entered into interconnection agreements with the local utility that allows the project companies or the offtakers to deliverexcess electricity to the utility distribution system. In almost all cases, interconnection agreements are standard form agreementsthat have been preapproved by the local public utility commission or other state regulatory agencies with jurisdiction overinterconnection agreements.India RegulationThe Electricity Act, 2003The Electricity Act, 2003, or Electricity Act, regulates and governs the generation, transmission, distribution, trading anduse of electricity in India. Under the Electricity Act, the transmission, distribution and trade of electricity are regulated activitiesthat require licenses from the relevant electricity regulatory commission (Central Electricity Regulatory Commission), StateElectricity Regulatory Commissions, or “SERCs”, or the joint commission (constituted by an agreement entered into by two ormore state governments or the central government in relation to one or more state governments, as the case may be).In terms of the Electricity Act, any generating company may establish, operate and maintain generating stations withoutobtaining a license if it complies with prescribed technical standards relating to grid connectivity. The generating company isrequired to establish, operate and maintain generating stations, tie-lines, sub-stations and dedicated transmission lines.Further, the generating company may supply electricity to any licensee or even directly to consumers, subject to availingopen access to the transmission and distribution systems and payment of transmission charges, including wheeling charges andopen access charges, as may be determined by the relevant electricity regulatory commission. In terms of the Electricity Act, openaccess means the non-discriminatory provision for the use of transmission lines or distribution system or associated facilities withsuch lines or system, by any licensee or consumer or a person engaged in generation in accordance with the regulations specifiedby the relevant electricity regulatory commission.The relevant electricity regulatory commission is empowered to, among other things, determine or adopt the tariff forsupply of electricity from the generating company to a distribution licensee (such as the distribution utility companies), fortransmission of electricity, wheeling of electricity and retail sale of electricity. However, the relevant electricity regulatorycommission may, in case of shortage of supply of electricity, fix the minimum and maximum tariffs for sale or purchase ofelectricity under agreements between a generating company and a licensee or between licensees, for a period not exceeding oneyear, to ensure reasonable prices of electricity. While determining the tariff, commissions are required to be guided by, amongother things, the promotion of co-generation and generation of electricity from renewable sources of energy.The Electricity (Amendment) Bill, 2014 was introduced in the lower house of the Indian Parliament to amend certainprovisions of the Electricity Act. Among other things, the amendment empowers the Indian government to establish and review anational renewable energy policy, tariff policy and electricity policy. Further, the Indian government may, in consultation with thestate governments, notify policies and adopt measures for promotion of renewable energy generation including through taxrebates, generation linked incentives, creation of a national renewable energy fund, development of renewable industry and foreffective implementation and enforcement of such measures. The generating company is also required to ensure compliance with certain other regulations, including the CentralElectricity Authority (Safety Requirements for Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Electrical Plants and Electric Lines)Regulations, 2011.The National Electricity Policy, 2005The Indian government approved the National Electricity Policy on February 12, 2005, in accordance with theprovisions of the Electricity Act. The National Electricity Policy, 2005 has material effects on our business since it24 Table of Contentsprovides the policy framework to the central and state Electricity Regulatory Commission in developing the power sector,supplying electricity and protecting interests of consumers and other stakeholders, while keeping in view the availability ofenergy resources, technology available to exploit such resources, economics of generation using different resources and energysecurity issues. The National Electricity Policy emphasizes the need to promote generation of electricity based on non-conventional sources of energy.The National Electricity Policy provides that the SERCs should specify appropriate tariffs in order to promote renewableenergy, until renewable energy power producers relying on non-conventional technologies can compete with conventional sourcesof energy. The SERCs are required to ensure progressive increase in the share of generation of electricity from renewable energysources and provide suitable measures for connectivity with the grid and sale of electricity to any person. Further, the SERCs arerequired to specify, for the purchase of electricity from renewable energy sources, a percentage of the total consumption ofelectricity in the area of a distribution licensee. Furthermore, the National Electricity Policy provides that such purchase ofelectricity by distribution companies should be through a competitive bidding process. The National Electricity Policy permits theSERCs to determine appropriate differential prices for the purchase of electricity from renewable energy power producers, inorder to promote renewable sources of energy.The National Tariff Policy, 2006The Indian government approved the National Tariff Policy on January 6, 2006, in accordance with the provisions of theElectricity Act. The National Tariff Policy, 2006 indirectly impacts our business because it provides the policy framework to theElectricity Regulation Commissions as described below. The National Tariff Policy requires all the SERCs to specify minimumpercentages for electricity to be purchased from renewable energy sources. While deciding such percentage, the SERCs must takeinto account the availability of such resources in the region and its impact on retail tariffs. The National Tariff Policy furtherprovides that procurement of electricity by distribution companies from renewable energy power producers must be done atpreferential tariffs determined by the SERCs. Such procurement of electricity by distribution companies for future requirements isto be done, as far as possible, through a competitive bidding process in accordance with the provisions of the Electricity Actamong suppliers offering energy from same type of non-conventional sources.Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Terms and Conditions for Tariff Determination from Renewable EnergySources) Regulations, 2012The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission has announced the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Termsand Conditions for Tariff Determination from Renewable Energy Sources) Regulations, 2012, or Tariff Regulations, whichprescribes the criteria that may be taken into consideration by the SERCs while determining the tariff for the sale of electricitygenerated from renewable energy sources which include, among other things, return on equity, interest on loan capital anddepreciation. Accordingly, such tariff cannot be determined independently by renewable energy power producers such as ourcompany. Pursuant to the National Tariff Policy, the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission is required to determine the rateof return on equity which may be adopted by the SERCs to determine the generic tariff, keeping in view the overall risk andprevalent cost of capital, which factors are also to be taken into consideration by SERCs while determining the tariff rate. TheTariff Regulations prescribe that the normative return on equity shall be 20% per annum for the first 10 years and 24% per annumfrom the 11th year onwards. The Tariff Regulations also provide the mechanism for sharing of carbon credits from approved clean developmentmechanism projects between renewable energy power producers and the concerned beneficiaries. Under the Tariff Regulations,the project developer is entitled to retain 100% of the gross proceeds on account of clean development mechanism projectbenefits in the first year after the date of commercial operation of the generating station. Subsequently, in the second year, theshare of the beneficiaries is increased to 10% and then progressively increased by 10% every year until it reaches 50% afterwhich the clean development mechanism project proceeds are to be shared equally between the generating company and thebeneficiaries.Renewable Purchase ObligationsThe Electricity Act promotes the development of renewable sources of energy by requiring the SERCs to ensure gridconnectivity and the sale of electricity generated from renewable sources. In addition, it requires the SERCs25 Table of Contentsto specify, for the purchase of electricity from renewable sources, a percentage of the total consumption of electricity within thearea of a distribution licensee, which are known as RPOs. Pursuant to this mandate, most of the SERCs have specified solar andnon-solar RPOs in their respective states. In terms of the RPO regulations, RPOs are required to be met by obligated entities (thatis, distribution licensees, captive power plants and open access consumers) by purchasing renewable energy, either by enteringinto PPAs with renewable energy power producers or by purchasing renewable energy certificates. The RPO regulations requirethe obligated entities to purchase power from renewable energy power producers such as our company. In the event of default byan obligated entity in any fiscal year, the SERCs may direct the obligated entity to deposit an amount determined by the relevantSERC, into a fund to be utilized for, among other things, the purchase of renewable energy certificates. Additionally, pursuant tothe Electricity Act, a defaulting obligated entity may also be liable to pay a penalty as determined by the SERCs.In May 2015, the Supreme Court of India upheld a regulation that made it compulsory for captive power plants and openaccess consumers to purchase electricity to fulfill their RPOs. This landmark judgment is expected to boost the demand forrenewable energy by captive players and also improve the marketability of renewable energy certificates in India.Safety and Environmental LawsWe are governed by certain safety and environmental legislations, including the Water (Prevention and Control ofPollution) Act, 1974, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, and the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handlingand Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008.Under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981, failure to comply with the orders and restrictions passed by the State Pollution Control Boards may result in imprisonmentof a minimum term of one and a half years. Additionally, certain acts including the destruction of property of the State PollutionControl Boards, failure to intimate the emission of pollutants or failure to furnish information to the State Pollution ControlBoards may attract monetary penalties of up to Rs. 0.01 million and imprisonment of up to three months.The failure to comply with the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008may attract monetary penalties of Rs. 0.1 million and imprisonment of up to five years.Labor LawsWe are required to comply with certain labor and industrial laws, which includes the Factories Act, 1948, the IndustrialDisputes Act, 1947, the Employees State Insurance Act, 1948, the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous ProvisionsAct, 1952, the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965, the Workmen Compensation Act, 1923, thePayment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 and the Payment of Wages Act, 1936.Each of these legislations carry a penalty provision for non-compliance, which prescribe monetary penalties rangingfrom Rs. 0.001 million to Rs. 0.005 million and imprisonment for periods ranging from one month to three years. Available Informatio nOur website address is www.atni.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference in this Reportand you should not consider information provided on our website to be part of this Report. Investors may access, free of charge,our annual reports on Form 10‑K, quarterly reports on Form 10‑Q and current reports on Form 8‑K, plus amendments to suchreports as filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, through the“Financials & Filings” portion of the “Investor Relations” section of our website as soon as reasonably practicable after weelectronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, paper copies of thesedocuments may be obtained free of charge upon request by writing to us at 500 Cummings Center, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915,Attention: Investor Relations, by calling us at (978) 619‑1300 or by emailing us at ir@atni.com.26 Table of ContentsWe have adopted a written Code of Ethics that applies to all of our employees and directors, including, but not limitedto, our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performingsimilar functions. Our Code of Ethics, along with our Compensation Committee Charter, Audit Committee Charter andNominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter, are available at the Corporate Governance section of our website. Weintend to make any disclosure required under the SEC rules regarding amendments to, or waivers from, our Code of Ethics on ourwebsite.ITEM 1A. RISK FACTOR SIn addition to the other information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this Report, you should carefullyconsider the risks described below that could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. These risks arenot the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe areimmaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or results of operations.Risks Related to our U.S. Telecom SegmentA significant portion of our U.S. wholesale wireless revenue is derived from a small number of customers.A substantial portion of our U.S. Wireless revenue is generated from four national wireless service providers. Our U.S.wholesale wireless revenues accounted for approximately 28% of our consolidated revenues in 2016. Our relationships with our roaming customers generally are much more financially significant for us than for ourcustomers. Frequently, our relationships with our roaming customers do not require them to “prefer” our networks or require themto send us a minimum amount of traffic. Instead, roaming customers may choose to utilize other networks, if available, for theirsubscribers’ roaming use. If our markets currently included in our roaming partners’ home calling areas are instead subject to theimposition of additional roaming charges or if we fail to keep any of our roaming customers satisfied with our service offerings oreconomic terms, we could lose their business, experience less roaming traffic or be unable to renew or enter into new agreementswith these customers on beneficial terms (including pricing), resulting in a substantial loss of revenue, which would have amaterially adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, if these customers build or acquirewireless networks in our service areas we would lose revenue. Should any of these customers take such actions over a significantportion of the areas we serve, it may have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.We may have difficulty meeting the growing demand for data services.Demand for smartphones and data services continues to grow across all of our wireless markets and our value to ourcustomers in some markets depends in part on our network’s ability to provide high‑quality and high capacity network service tosmartphone devices. Indeed, much of the revenue growth in our wireless businesses in 2016 was attributable to increased demandfor data services. However, if data usage increases faster than we anticipate and exceeds the then‑available capacity of any of ournetworks, our costs to deliver roaming services may be higher than we anticipate. In the United States, the dearth of availablespectrum and or non-transparent spectral allocation practices in our industry means that we cannot guarantee that we will be ableto acquire additional spectrum at a reasonable cost or at all to ensure our ability to maintain or grow our business and trafficvolumes. As demand for advanced mobile data services continues to grow, we may have difficulty satisfying our retail andwholesale customers’ demand for these services without substantial upgrades and additional capital expenditures and operatingexpenses, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.27 Table of ContentsRisks Relating to Our International Telecom SegmentIf we have difficulties integrating our newly acquired Bermuda and U.S. Virgin Islands businesses our business, financialcondition and results of operations could be adversely affected.This past year, we have undertaken the integration of two of our newly acquired businesses in our International Telecomsegment: the Innovative group of companies operating video, Internet, wireless and landline services in the U.S. Virgin Islandsand British Virgin Islands and One Communications, a Bermuda company that provides broadband and video services and othertelecommunications services to residential and enterprise customers in Bermuda and the Cayman Islands. In connection with theInnovative Acquisition, we recruited a management team to operate the new business, and in both markets have addedapproximately 450 new employees that work in the acquired service markets. We have devoted and will continue to devote asignificant amount of time and attention to integrating these operations with our existing network and technical operations teamand transitioning certain accounting and other systems and processes to our own. Among the challenges we face in doing so are(1) the need to integrate a large number of new employees, (2) the need to integrate and upgrade our acquired network with ourlegacy network, switching and other core network facilities, (3) integrating and aligning numerous business and work processes,including customer billing, with the information systems necessary to track and handle those processes and (4) completingtechnology upgrades for fiber and other networks in construction or pending integration at the time of our acquisition of thesebusinesses.The integration process poses many challenges and significant unexpected difficulties in building or improving businessand work processes, transitioning billing, inventory, point-of-sale systems or other systems, integrating our networks andengaging in costly technology upgrades. These challenges and difficulties could materially and negatively impact our customers'experience leading to widespread dissatisfaction, higher rates of customer churn, unsatisfactory employee relations, increasedexpense and reduced collected revenue. If any of the above events were to occur or if we have other difficulties with the transitionprocess or our ability to integrate and manage these new businesses, it could harm our reputation and have a material adverseeffect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Changes in Universal Service Fund (“USF”) funding could have an adverse impact on our financial condition or results ofoperations.In November 2011, the FCC released an order reforming the USF program for all types of USF support recipientsbeginning in 2012, including Innovative. This order, and follow-on orders issued by the FCC, include, among other things, newservices and reporting obligations applicable to USF support recipients. Changes in the FCC’s leadership, including theirimplementation of an agenda to be set by the new U.S. Administration, could materially impact the amount of support that weexpect to receive or the performance obligations attached thereto. Innovative currently receives high cost USF support, which wasapproximately $16 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Although we cannot predict the impact of such changes onthe amounts we pay or receive in USF funds, the changes, or any future changes, could impact Innovative’s USF fundingnegatively, and consequently, our efforts to build and maintain networks in the U.S. Virgin Islands market and our ability toprovide services supported by USF funds, which could adversely affect the revenues of our International Telecom segment.We may have difficulty securing video services content from third parties desirable to our customers on terms and conditionsfavorable to us. We have secured licensing agreements with numerous content providers to allow our various video services businessesto offer a wide array of the most popular programming to our subscribers. Typically, we make long-term commitments relating tothese rights in advance even though we cannot predict the popularity of the services or ratings the programming will generate.License fees may be negotiated for a number of years and may include provisions requiring us to pay part of the fees even if wechoose not to distribute such programming. The success of our video services operations depends on our ability to access an attractive selection of videoprogramming from content providers on terms and pricing favorable to us. Our ability to provide movies, sports and other popularprogramming is a major factor that attracts subscribers to our services. Our inability to provide the content28 Table of Contentsdesired by our subscribers on satisfactory terms or at all could result in reduced demand for, and lower revenue from, our cableoperations that may not offset the typically large subscription fees that we pay for these services. In certain cases, we may nothave satisfactory contracts in place with the owners of our distributed content, leading to such parties’ desire for increasedrenewed contractual pricing or leading to disputes with such parties including claims for copyright or other intellectual propertyinfringement. The cost of obtaining programming associated with providing our video services is significant. The terms of many of ourprogramming contracts are for multiple years and provide for future increases in the fees we must pay. In addition, local over-the-air television stations are increasingly seeking substantial fees for retransmission of their stations over our cable networks.Historically, we have absorbed increased programming costs in large part through increased prices to our customers. We cannotassure that competitive and other marketplace factors will permit us to continue to pass through these costs or that we are able torenew programming agreements on comparable or favorable terms. Also, programming in the Caribbean typically includes LatinAmerican or Spanish programming, while our subscribers typically prefer content in English. To the extent that we are unable toreach acceptable agreements with programmers or obtain desired content, we may be forced to remove programming from ourline-up, which could result in a loss of customers and materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Our exclusive license to provide local exchange and international voice and data services in Guyana is subject to significantpolitical and regulatory risk.Since 1991, our subsidiary Guyana Telephone and Telegraph, Ltd. (“GTT”) has operated in Guyana pursuant to a licensefrom the Government of Guyana to be the exclusive provider of domestic fixed and international voice and data services pursuantto a license with an initial term ending in December 2010, which was renewable at our sole option for an additional 20 year term.In November 2009, we notified the Government of Guyana of our election to renew our exclusive license for an additional20 year term expiring in 2030. On December 15, 2010, we received correspondence from the Government of Guyana indicatingthat our license had been renewed until such time that new legislation is in place with regard to the Government’s intention toexpand competition within the sector; however, we believe our exclusive license continues to be valid unless and until such timeas we enter into an alternative agreement with the Government.In 2016, the Government of Guyana passed new telecommunications legislation introducing material changes to manyfeatures of Guyana’s existing telecommunications regulatory regime with the intention of introducing additional competition intoGuyana’s telecommunications sector. The legislation that passed, however, has not yet been implemented and does not have theeffect of terminating our exclusive license. Instead the legislation as passed requires the Minister of Telecommunications toconduct further proceedings and issue implementing orders to put into effect the various provisions of the legislation. We havemet with the Government of Guyana, including as recently as December 2016, to discuss modifications of the Company’sexclusivity rights and other rights under its existing agreement and license. However, there can be no assurance that thosediscussions will be concluded before the Government issues new licenses as contemplated by the legislation or at all, or that theywill satisfactorily address the Company’s contractual exclusivity rights. Although we believe that we would be entitled todamages or other compensation for any involuntary termination of our contractual exclusivity rights, we cannot guarantee that wewould prevail in a proceeding to enforce our rights or that our actions would effectively halt any unilateral action by theGovernment.We are dependent on GTT for approximately 20% of our total consolidated revenues. A loss of exclusivity oninternational voice and data service would result in a reduction in the international call traffic and as a result, a loss in that portionof our wireline revenue. Any modification, early termination or other revocation of the exclusive domestic fixed and internationalvoice and data license could adversely affect our revenues and profits and diminish the value of our investment in Guyana.29 Table of ContentsRisks Related to Our Renewable Energy SegmentOur Facilities have a limited operating history.All of our Facilities have limited operating histories. Our expectations about the performance of these Facilities arebased on assumptions and estimates made without the benefit of a lengthy operating history. There can be no assurance that ourFacilities will perform as anticipated or projected and the failure of these Facilities to perform as we expect could have a materialadverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of our Renewable Energy segment.Our revenues are dependent on the performance and effectiveness of our PPAs.The cash flow from the PPAs and performance based incentive payments (“PBIs”) is significantly affected by our abilityto collect payments from offtakers under our PPAs. While we believe that all of our current customers are high‑quality creditentities in their local market, if for any reason these customers are unable or unwilling to fulfill their related contractualobligations or if they refuse to accept delivery of power or otherwise terminate or breach such agreements, such non‑paymentcould have a material adverse effect on our revenues. In addition, our inability to perform our obligations under the PPAs couldalso have a material adverse effect on our revenues. For instance, our inability to meet certain operating thresholds orperformance measures under certain of our PPAs within specified time periods exposes us to the risk of covering the cost of anyshortfall or early termination by such customer.Certain of our PPAs provide for early termination for a variety of reasons, including in the event that (a) an offtaker isunable to appropriate funds from state and local governments, (b) there is a change of law that substantially reduces the value ofutility credits, (c) termination for convenience, or (d) the Facility causes damage to the premises or roof and our customer fails torepair or causes the customer to be in violation of law, or the customer ceases to hold tenancy or fee interest in the premises.While we would be entitled to a termination fee (typically set at the terminal value of the PPA) in most cases, the termination feemight not be a sufficient substitute for the payments otherwise due under the PPAs. There can be no assurances that suchappropriations will be made or timely made in any given year or that tax or other incentives will continue to be available for thepurchase of solar energy. In the event a PPA for one or more of our projects is terminated or payments are not made (or not madein a timely manner) pursuant to such provisions, it could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financialcondition. We cannot provide any assurance that PPAs containing such provisions will not be terminated or, in the event oftermination, we will be able to enter into a replacement PPA. Moreover, any replacement PPA may be on terms less favorable tous than the PPA that was terminated.Our revenue in the United States may be exposed to SREC uncertainty, inflation‑‑based price increases or other externalfactors.In the United States, we also generate solar renewable energy credits, or SRECs, which are government emissionsallowances obtained through power generation and compliance with various regulations from the government as our projectsproduce electricity. Revenue is recognized as SRECs are sold through long-term purchase agreements with a third party at thecontractual rate specified in the agreement. In 2016, approximately 62% of our renewable energy revenue was earned from SRECcontracts and PBIs and 38% was earned from PPAs and consulting revenues. SRECs may also be transferred directly to ourlenders in lieu of payments due on loans. The revenue derived from our sale of SRECs is dependent on local governments inMassachusetts and New Jersey electing to maintain the programs that grant SRECs for power production in these states.In addition, certain of our PPAs do not contain inflation based price increases, resulting in an average, weighted byMWp, escalator on our PPAs of 1.11%. To the extent that we experience high rates of inflation we may experience increasedoperation costs without concomitant increase in revenue. In addition, a portion of the revenues under certain of the PPAs for oursolar energy projects are subject to price adjustments triggered by a decrease in the market price of electricity over time. Thiswould also have a negative impact on our ability to attract new customers and increase our portfolio, as we believe that anofftaker’s decision to develop our solar projects is primarily driven by a desire to decrease their traditional energy costs. If we areunable to negotiate more favorable pricing, it could have a material 30 Table of Contentsadverse impact on the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of our Renewable Energy segment. We alsobelieve the solar industry will continue to experience periods of structural imbalance between supply and demand (i.e., whereproduction capacity exceeds global demand), and that such periods will put pressure on pricing, which could adversely affect ourresults of operations.We are reliant on key vendors for operation, maintenance and interconnection of our Facilities.In the U.S., pursuant to our O&M Agreements, our O&M vendor is required to operate and maintain our Facilities. InIndia, our own staff operates and maintains our Facilities. While our U.S. O&M vendor is obligated to indemnify us to the extentit fails to perform under our O&M Agreements, any such failure could cause a delay or reduction in payments under our PPAs.Additionally, we contract with utilities through an interconnection agreement to export excess energy generated by our Facilitiesto an offtaker and/or the utility electrical grid. Our O&M vendor is required to perform our obligations under the interconnectionagreement. If our O&M vendor fails to so perform and interconnection is lost, our offtakers will not receive any energy or netmetering credits from such Facility nor a bill credit for energy that would otherwise have been exported to the utility and we maybe required to cover these amounts under our PPAs.Additional Risks Related to our Renewables Business in India India is undergoing rapid governmental and regulatory change, which may have both short and long term material adverseimpacts on our operations and ability to execute our strategic growth plans. The Government of Prime Minister Modi in India has expressed its intention to cut down on corruption and taxavoidance wherever possible and in parallel with these anti-corruption measures, the Government is also looking to encourageforeign investment in India. In the long term we consider that this change will be beneficial and increase foreign investor interestin the country; however, some changes have had a significant impact on our operations in India in the short-term. For instance,India is currently a predominately cash economy, with millions of people having no bank accounts and transacting solely incash. On November 8, 2016, the Indian government removed the 500 (US$7.60) and 1,000 rupee notes from circulation andreplaced them with new 2,000 rupee notes. This step was taken to remove money from the black economy with a view toreducing corruption, increasing tax receipts, and moving India to a modern, non-cash economy. While we have very limited cashtransactions in India (mostly in relation to the payment of employee travelling and subsistence expenses), much of theconstruction team employed by our sub-contractors is paid in cash, often on a daily basis. With the removal of all bank notes of avalue of more than 100 rupees (US$1.50), our sub-contractors have struggled to source the cash required to pay their labor,resulting in many of the workers responsible for our ongoing solar Facility construction failing to continue to show up to theworksite. To remedy the situation, our sub-contractors have been opening bank accounts on behalf of their workers to enablethem to receive their compensation electronically, however, the construction of our solar farms in India has met with substantialdelays as a result. It is possible that the Government plans to take similar action in other areas to achieve this objective, however, wecannot predict what actions may be taken and what effects such actions may have on our business either directly or indirectly inthe short or long term. Further, our business model in India is predicated on the availability of “open access” rules, which allowour customers to buy their electricity from us, rather than from traditional utility providers. Any major policy changes issued bythe India government to current open access rules, or other major policy changes, particularly when implemented in such a shorttime frame or, could impair the development or operations of our solar projects and may adversely impact our ability to constructour power project portfolio or maintain operations, once constructed. 31 Table of ContentsOur India operations are subject to extensive governmental regulation and regulatory, economic, social and politicaluncertainties in India. Any failure to obtain, renew or comply with the terms of required approvals, licenses and permits in atimely manner or at all may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. Any business in India is subject to a broad range of financial, administrative and other governmental regulations thatmay vary on a state-specific basis, and the renewables business in India is subject to additional environmental, safety and otherlaws and regulations. These laws and regulations require us to obtain and maintain a number of approvals, licenses, filings,registrations and permits for our ordinary course investment and operations activities, as well as developing and operating powerprojects. For example, in order to begin construction, we must first ensure that land is properly zoned, then obtain the variousapprovals during construction of our solar projects and prior to the commissioning certificate being issued, including capacityallocation and capacity transfer approvals, approvals from the local pollution control boards, evacuation and the grid connectivityapprovals and approval from the chief electrical inspector for installation and energization of electrical installations at the solarproject sites. Although some of the approvals required can be obtained prior to construction of a project commencing, some of thelicenses required, particularly in relation to commencing the export of electricity, can only be obtained once a project isconstructed and ready to commence operations. Obtaining and maintaining these approvals and permits can be time-consumingand burdensome. We have allotted a period of time to allow for such licenses to be obtained in our business model, but there isno assurance that we will receive these approvals from the relevant approving authority in a timely manner or at all. In addition, we could be adversely affected by the adoption or implementation of new laws and regulations, newinterpretations of existing laws, increased governmental enforcement of laws or other similar developments in the future. Therecan be no assurance that we will not be subject to any new requirements in the future, and that we will be able to obtain andmaintain such consents or permits in a timely manner, or at all, or that we will not become subject to any regulatory action onaccount of not having obtained or renewed such permits or filings in any past periods. Further, we cannot assure that theapprovals, licenses, registrations and permits issued to us will not be subject to suspension or revocation for non-compliance oralleged non-compliance with any terms or conditions thereof, or pursuant to any regulatory action. Any failure to apply for, renewand obtain the required approvals, licenses, registrations or permits, or any suspension or revocation of any of the approvals,licenses, registrations and permits that have been or may be issued to us, or any onerous conditions made applicable to us in termsof such approvals, licenses, registrations or permits may impede the successful construction and/or operation of our powerprojects, which could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows andprospects in our Renewable Energy segment. In addition, our financial performance will be affected by changes in exchange rates and controls, interest rates, changesin government policies, including taxation policies, labor conditions, and other political, social and economic developments in oraffecting India. The Indian government has exercised and continues to exercise significant influence over many aspects of theIndian economy. Currently, the Indian government has in place policies of economic liberalization; however, the role of theIndian central and state governments in the Indian economy is significant. The rate of economic liberalization could change, andspecific laws and policies affecting solar power producers, investments owned by non-Indian companies, currency exchange ratesand other matters affecting investments in India could change as well. Such changes could have a material adverse effect on thebusiness, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects in our Renewable Energy segment. Land title in India can be uncertain and difficult to procure. There is no central title registry for real property in India and the documentation of land records in India has not beenfully computerized. Property records in India are generally maintained at the state and district level and in local languages, andare updated manually through physical records. Therefore, property records may not be available online for inspection or updatedin a timely manner, may be illegible, untraceable, incomplete or inaccurate in certain respects, or may have been kept in poorcondition, which may impede title investigations or our ability to rely on such property records. Furthermore, title to land in Indiais often fragmented, and in many cases, land may have multiple owners. Title may also suffer from irregularities, such as non-execution or non-registration of conveyance deeds and inadequate stamping, and may be subjected to encumbrances that we areunaware of. As a result, potential disputes or claims over title to the land on which our power projects will be constructed mayarise. We recognize the material nature of this risk32 Table of Contentsand have invested heavily in and prioritized our real estate due diligence work by retaining in-house legal real estate experts toreview and advise on real estate diligence and land ownership. We are also looking to secure title insurance for land that we wishto purchase, although such title insurance is currently very uncommon in India. We believe that real estate issues are most likelyto arise during the construction phase of a project, and note that in most cases the land we purchase for a project is likely to bebought from multiple land owners and so individual title issues may have a limited impact even where theymaterialize. Nonetheless, any real estate issues could impair the development or operations of our solar projects and any defectsin, or irregularities of, title may result in a loss of development or operating rights over the land that may adversely impact ourability to construct our power project portfolio or maintain operations, once constructed. We may not be able to timely and effectively construct our developed solar project portfolio. The development and construction of solar projects involve numerous risks and uncertainties and require extensiveresearch, planning and due diligence. We have already incurred, and may continue to incur, significant costs for land andinterconnection rights, regulatory approvals, preliminary engineering, permits, and legal and other expenses before we candetermine whether a solar project is economically, technologically or otherwise feasible. Our existing operations, personnel,systems and internal control may not be adequate to support our growth and expansion and may require us to make additionalunanticipated investments in our infrastructure. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, we may not be able to takeadvantage of market opportunities, execute our business strategies successfully or respond to competitive pressures. As a result,our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. Our ability to realize profits in our investment may depend greatly on our ability to achieve the following: · accurately identify and prioritize geographic markets for entry, both in terms of market demand and viability of solarconditions and grid connection;· manage local operations, capital investment or components sourcing in compliance with regulatory requirements;· procure land at cost-effective prices and on terms favorable to us;· procure equipment and negotiate favorable payment and other terms with suppliers;· obtain grid interconnection rights;· successfully complete construction by the expiration of any procured grid interconnection rights;· secure reliable and enforceable EPC and O&M resources; and· sign PPAs or other arrangements on a long-term basis and on terms that are favorable to us. Construction of our solar projects may be also be adversely affected by circumstances outside of our control, includinginclement weather, adverse geological and environmental conditions, a failure to receive regulatory approvals on schedule orthird-party delays in providing supplies and other materials. Changes in project plans or designs, or defective or late executionmay increase our costs from our initial estimates and cause delays. Global supply and demand for key equipment, particularlysolar panels, and foreign exchange movements may increase procurement costs as the majority of the equipment used by us issourced from outside of India. Labor shortages, work stoppages, labor disputes, disputes with neighboring land owners and/orlocal villages could significantly delay a projector increase our costs. Any construction setbacks or delays could have a materialadverse effect on our ability to obtain, maintain and perform under the PPAs we seek to procure and could result in financialpenalties under these agreements and/or the termination of such agreements, which could have a material adverse impact on ourprospects and results of operations in our Renewable Energy segment. We are reliant on India’s infrastructure to deliver power and any failure or technical challenges may lead to delays or otherimpediments that may have an adverse effect on our operations or financial condition. India has a target of installing 175 GW of renewable energy capacity installed by March 2022, of which it is intendedthat 100 GWp will be solar power capacity. Due to the intermittent nature of most forms of renewable energy generation,significant renewable energy generation capacity on a limited area of grid infrastructure can cause technical challenges to keepthe grid in balance. Such technical issues could result in a grid company looking to turn down the33 Table of Contentsexport capacity of one of our solar projects for a limited or extended period, or the grid company incurring additional costs inorder to manage their grid infrastructure, and looking to recharge such costs to renewable energy generators. Such actions by agrid operator could have a material adverse impact on our prospects and results of operations in our Renewable Energy segment. The period between project origination and the commencement of commercial operations can be extended and may result indelays that materially and adversely impact our results of operations. Solar projects typically generate revenue only after becoming commercially operational and starting to sell electricity toofftakers through the power grid. There may be long delays from the development process to projects becoming shovel-ready, dueto the timing of land procurement, permitting and the grid connectivity process. There could be a significant delay between ourupfront investments and actual generation of revenue, or any added delay in between due to unforeseen events. These delayscould result in equipment costs rising (e.g. due to material foreign currency movements) and the price at which we are able to sellthe power generated falling (as the PPA is only entered into at the point where the project is close to being operational). Suchchanges could materially and adversely affect our profitability, results of operations and cash flows prospects in our RenewableEnergy segment. Our ability to realize the benefits of our investment in India may be delayed and our growth prospects depend to a significantextent on the availability of additional funding options with acceptable terms. We require a significant amount of cash to fund the installation and construction of our projects in India and otheraspects of our operations, and have planned to incur debt or acquire additional equity funding in the future to complement ourinvestment. We may also require additional cash due to changing business conditions or other future developments, including anyinvestments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue in order to remain competitive. We intend to evaluate third-party financingoptions, including any bank loans, equity partners, financial leases and securitization. However, we cannot guarantee that we willbe successful in locating additional suitable sources of financing on a timely basis or at all, or on terms or at costs that areacceptable to us, which may materially adversely affect our ability to continue construction and expand our operations in India. Inaddition, rising interest rates could adversely impact our ability to secure financing on favorable terms. Our ability to obtain external financing is subject to a number of uncertainties, including: ·our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;· the general condition of global equity and debt capital markets;· decline of the Indian rupee compared to U.S. dollar; and· the continued confidence of banks and other financial institutions in our company and the solar power industry, amongstother factors. Any additional equity financing may be dilutive to us and our stockholders and any debt financing may containrestrictive covenants that limit our flexibility going forward and may adversely impact our ability to achieve our intendedbusiness objectives. The failure to obtain third party financing may result in us failing to achieve the scale that we are currently expecting,and the failure to reach this scale would result in lower economies of scale, and as a result could materially and adversely affectour profitability, results of operations and cash flows in our Renewable Energy segment. If demand for solar power is decreased or does not develop according to expected timelines, or we are unable to meet suchdemand, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects could be materially and adverselyaffected. Many factors may affect the demand for solar projects in India, including the following: · changes in economic and market conditions that affect the viability of traditional power and other renewable energysources;34 Table of Contents· the cost and reliability of solar projects compared with traditional energy sources;· the availability of grid capacity to dispatch power generated from solar projects;· the reliability of grid infrastructure in India; and· governmental policies governing the electric utility industry that may present technical, regulatory and economicbarriers to the purchase and use of solar energy. If market demand for solar projects fails to develop sufficiently or is delayed in its development, our business, financialcondition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. We face significant competition from traditional and renewable energy companies. We face significant competition in the markets in which we operate. Our competitors may have greater operational,financial, technical, management expertise or other resources than we do and may be able to achieve better economies of scaleand lower cost of capital, allowing them to sell electricity at more competitive rates. Our local competitors are likely to be fundedfrom Indian sources of capital, and so will not have to factor foreign currency movements into their target returns, which may alsoenable them to sell electricity at more competitive rates. Our competitors may also have a more effective or established localizedbusiness presence or a greater appetite for risk (e.g. in relation to equipment warranties) and greater willingness or ability tooperate with little or no operating margins for sustained periods of time. Our market position depends on our financing,development and operation capabilities, reputation and track record. Any increase in competition or reduction in our competitivecapabilities could have a significant adverse impact on the margins we generate from our solar projects. We cannot assure that wewill be able to compete effectively, and our failure to do so could result in an adverse effect on our business, results of operationsand cash flows in our Renewable Energy segment. The growth of our solar business is dependent on our ability to identify and acquire additional solar projects on favorableterms.Our business strategy for our Renewable Energy segment is to grow via acquisition and development of additionalenergy generation assets, with a current focus on solar distributed generation. In order to do so, we are reliant on management toeffectively identify and consummate acquisition or new project opportunities on a timely basis and on favorable terms. Thenumber of acquisition and development opportunities is limited, and we compete with some organizations with greater size, scaleand resources. In addition, the design, construction and operation of solar energy projects are highly regulated, require variousgovernmental approvals and permits, including environmental approvals and permits, and may be subject to the imposition ofrelated conditions that vary by jurisdiction. We cannot predict whether all permits required for a given project will be granted orgranted on terms that are favorable to our business plans. If we are unable to grow our Renewable Energy segment, we may notbe able to succeed with our overall business growth strategy.Other Risks Related to Our Businesse sRegulatory changes may impose restrictions that adversely affect us or cause us to incur significant unplanned costs inmodifying our business plans or operations.We are subject to U.S. federal, state and local regulations and foreign government regulations, all of which are subject tochange. As new laws and regulations are issued or discontinued to i mplement an agenda to be set by the new U.S.administration , we may be required to modify our business plans or operations materially. We cannot be certain that we can do soin a cost‑effective manner. For example, a portion of our revenues in our Renewable Energy segment from PPAs is dependent onthe ongoing availability of tax credits for clean energy and changes to the FCC’s universal service support could materiallyimpact the amount of support that we expect to receive or the performance obligations attached thereto . Any effort by the newU.S. administration or other jurisdictions to overturn or modify laws, regulations or policies that are supportive of renewableenergy projects or that remove costs or other limitations on other types of generation that compete with renewable energy projectscould materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, thefailure to comply with applicable governmental35 Table of Contentsregulations could result in the loss of our licenses or authorizations to operate, inability to perform under our PPAs, theassessment of penalties or fines or otherwise may have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations.Our operations in the United States are subject to the Communications Act. The interpretation and implementation of theprovisions of the Communications Act and the FCC rules implementing the Communications Act continue to be heavily debatedand may have a material adverse effect on our business. Also, although comprehensive legislation has not yet been introduced,there have been indications that Congress may substantially revise the 1996 Act and other regulation in the next few years. At thistime, it is not clear how the agenda to be set by the new U.S. Administration will impact any new legislation. While we believewe are in compliance in all material respects with federal and state regulatory requirements, our interpretation of our obligationsmay differ from those of regulatory authorities. Both federal and state regulators require us to pay various fees and assessments,file periodic reports and comply with various rules regarding our consumer marketing practices and the contents of our bills, onan on‑going basis. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to fines or potentially be asked to show causeas to why our licenses to provide service should not be revoked.The loss of certain licenses could adversely affect our ability to provide wireless and broadband services.In the United States, wireless licenses generally are valid for ten years from the effective date of the license. Licenseesmay renew their licenses for additional ten‑year periods by filing renewal applications with the FCC. Our wireless licenses in theU.S. expire between 2017 and 2022. While we intend to renew our licenses expiring this year, the renewal applications are subjectto FCC review and are put out for public comment to ensure that the licensees meet their licensing requirements and comply withother applicable FCC mandates. Failure to file for renewal of these licenses or failure to meet any licensing requirements couldlead to a denial of the renewal application and thus adversely affect our ability to continue to provide service in that license area.Furthermore, our compliance with regulatory requirements such as enhanced 911 and CALEA requirements may depend on theavailability of necessary equipment or software.In our international markets, telecommunications licenses are typically issued and regulated by the applicabletelecommunications ministry. The application and renewal process for these licenses may be lengthy, require us to expendsubstantial renewal fees, and/or be subject to regulatory or legislative uncertainty, such as we are experiencing in Guyana, asdescribed above. Failure to comply with these regulatory requirements may have an adverse effect on our licenses or operationsand could result in sanctions, fines or other penalties.Failure of network or information technology systems, including as a result of security breaches, could have an adverse effecton our business.We are highly dependent on our information technology (“IT”) systems for the operation of our network, or Facilitiesdelivery of services to our customers and compilation of our financial results. Failure of these IT systems, through cyberattacks,breaches of security, or otherwise, may cause disruptions to our operations. Our inability to operate our network, Facilities andback office systems as a result of such events, even for a limited period of time, may result in significant expenses and/ impact thetimely and accurate delivery of our services or other information. Other risks that may also cause interruptions in service orreduced capacity for our customers include power loss, capacity limitations, software defects and breaches of security bycomputer viruses, break‑ins or otherwise. Disruptions in our networks and the unavailability of our services or our inability toefficiently and effectively complete necessary technology or systems upgrades or conversions could lead to a loss of customers,damage to our reputation and violation of the terms of our licenses and contracts with customers. Additionally, breaches ofsecurity may lead to unauthorized access to our customer or employee information processed and stored in, and transmittedthrough, our computer systems and networks. We may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify ourprotective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from operational and security risks,and we may be subject to litigation, regulatory penalties and financial losses. These failures could also lead to significantnegative publicity, regulatory problems and litigation.36 Table of ContentsRapid and significant technological changes in the telecommunications industry may adversely affect us.Our industry faces rapid and significant changes in technology that directly impact our business, including the following:·evolving industry standards;·requirements resulting from changing regulatory regimes;·the allocation of radio frequency spectrum in which to license and operate wireless services;·ongoing improvements in the capacity and quality of digital technology;·changes in end‑user requirements and preferences;·convergence between video and data services;·development of data and broadband capabilities and rapidly expanding demand for those capabilities;·migration to new‑generation services such as “5G” network technology; and·introduction of new telecom delivery platforms such as next generation satellite services.For us to keep up with these technological changes and remain competitive, at a minimum we will be required tocontinue to make significant capital expenditures to add to our networks’ capacity, coverage and technical capability. Forexample, we have spent considerable amounts adding higher speed, higher capacity mobile data services to many of our networksin recent years and we think it likely that more such expenditures, including adding LTE mobile data technologies, will be neededover the next few years.We cannot predict the effect of technological changes on our business. Alternative or new technologies may bedeveloped that provide communications services superior to those available from us, which may adversely affect our business.For example, to accommodate the demand by our wireless customers for next‑generation advanced wireless products such ashigh‑speed data and streaming video, we may be required to purchase additional spectrum, however, we have had difficultyfinding spectrum for sale or on terms that are acceptable to us. In addition, usage of wireless voice or broadband services inexcess of our expectations could strain our capacity, causing service disruptions and result in higher operating costs and capitalexpenditures. In each of our markets, providing more and higher speed data services through our wireless or wireline networksmay require us to make substantial investments in additional telecommunications transport capacity connecting our networks tothe Internet, and in some cases such capacity may not be available to us on attractive terms or at all. Failure to provide theseservices or to upgrade to new technologies on a timely basis and at an acceptable cost could have a material adverse effect on ourability to compete with carriers in our markets.We rely on a limited number of key suppliers and vendors for timely supply of handsets, accessories, equipment and servicesrelating to our network or Facility infrastructure. If these suppliers or vendors experience problems or favor our competitors,we could fail to obtain sufficient quantities of the products and services we require to operate our businesses successfully.We depend on a limited number of suppliers and vendors for equipment and services relating to our handset lineup,network infrastructure, solar equipment and our back‑office IT systems infrastructure. If these suppliers experience interruptionsor other problems delivering these network components on a timely basis, our subscriber or revenue growth and operating resultscould suffer significantly.37 Table of ContentsWe source wireless devices for our retail wireless businesses from a small number of handset resellers and to a lesserextent, equipment manufacturers and depend on access to compelling devices at reasonable prices on primary and secondarymarkets for these devices, as well as timely delivery of devices to meet market demands. The inability to provide a competitivedevice lineup could materially impact our ability to attract new customers and retain existing customers. We are also reliant upona limited number of network equipment manufacturers, including Ericsson, Motorola, Alcatel‑Lucent and Nokia and a limitednumber of solar equipment manufacturers, including Yingli and Inventec for photovoltaic modules and SMA and Satcon forinverters.We are also dependent on the ability of our solar equipment manufacturers to fulfill the warranties on our solarequipment, which typically range from 5 to 25 years in length, in the event of equipment malfunction. If these suppliers ceaseoperations or for some reason default on their warranties, we would have to bear the expense our repairing or replacing any faultyequipment. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected if wecannot make claims under warranties covering our Facilities. If it becomes necessary to seek alternative suppliers and vendors, wemay be unable to obtain satisfactory replacement suppliers or vendors on economically attractive terms on a timely basis.We are actively evaluating investment, acquisition and other strategic opportunities, which may affect our long‑‑term growthprospects.We are actively evaluating acquisition, investment and other strategic opportunities, both domestic and international, intelecommunications, energy‑related and other industries, including in areas that may not be seen by the broader market as timelytoday. We may focus on opportunities that we believe have potential for long‑term organic and strategic growth or that mayotherwise satisfy our return and other investment criteria. Any acquisition or investment that we might make outside of thetelecommunications or solar industries would pose the risk inherent in us entering into a new, unrelated business, including theability of our holding company management team to effectively oversee the management team of such operations. There can beno assurance as to whether, when or on what terms we will be able to invest in, acquire or divest any businesses or assets or thatwe will be able to successfully integrate the business or realize the perceived benefits of any acquisition. Any such transactionsmay be accomplished through the payment of cash, issuance of shares of our capital stock or incurrence of additional debt, or acombination thereof. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately $295.8 million in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash,and short term investments approximately $156.8 million of long‑term debt. How and when we deploy our balance sheet capacitywill figure prominently in our longer‑term growth prospects and stockholder returns.Increased competition may adversely affect growth, require increased capital expenditures, result in the loss of existingcustomers and decrease our revenues.We face competition in the markets in which we operate. For example:·In the United States, our greatest competitive risk to our wholesale wireless business is the possibility that ourcurrent roaming customers may elect to build or enhance their own networks within the rural market in which wecurrently provide service, which is commonly known as “over‑building.” If our roaming customers, who generallyhave greater financial resources and access to capital than we do, determine to over‑build our network, their needfor our roaming services will be significantly reduced or eliminated.·In Bermuda and the Caribbean, we compete primarily against Digicel and other larger providers such as LibertyGlobal.·In our solar power business, we face competition from traditional utilities and renewable energy companies. Manyof our competitors are larger with greater resources and are less dependent on third parties for the sourcing ofequipment or operation and maintenance of their solar facilities.Over the last decade, an increase in competition in many areas of the telecommunications industry has contributed to adecline in prices for communication services, including mobile wireless services, local and long‑distance telephone service, anddata services. Increased competition in the industry may decrease prices further. In addition,38 Table of Contentsincreased competition in the telecommunications and renewable energy industries could reduce our customer base, require us toinvest in new facilities and capabilities and reduce revenues, margins and returns.Our International Telecom segment operates mainly in island locations, where a limited number of providers in thesesmall markets maintain strong competition. In several of our markets, we hold a dominant position as the local incumbent carrierand in others may have a competitive advantage in our ability to bundle some combination of voice, data, video and wirelessservices. Increased competition, whether by new entrants or increased capital investment in our competitors’ existing networks,will make it more difficult for us to attract and retain customers in our small markets, which could result in lower revenue andcash flow from operating activities. General economic factors, domestically and internationally, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.General economic factors could adversely affect demand for our products and services, require a change in the serviceswe sell or have a significant impact in our operating costs. Energy costs are historically volatile and are subject to fluctuationsarising from changes in domestic and international supply and demand, labor costs, competition, market speculation, governmentregulations, or weather conditions. Rapid and significant changes in these and other commodity prices may affect our sales andprofit margins. General economic conditions can also be affected by the outbreak of war, acts of terrorism, or other significantnational or international events.In addition, an economic downturn in our markets or the global market may lead to slower economic activity, increasedunemployment, concerns about inflation, decreased consumer confidence and other adverse business conditions that could havean impact on our businesses. For example, among other things:·A decrease in tourism could negatively affect revenues and growth opportunities from operations in the islands andin a number of areas covered by U.S. rural and wholesale wireless operations that serve tourist destinations.·An increase in “bad debt”, or the amounts that we have to write off of our accounts receivable could result from ourinability to collect subscription fees from our subscribers.·We rely on the population of Guyanese living abroad who initiate calls to Guyana or are responsible for remittancesto relatives living in Guyana. A prolonged economic downturn in the U.S. or Canadian economies could affectinbound calling and, therefore, our revenue in Guyana.The impact, if any, that these events might have on us and our business, is uncertain.Our operations are subject to economic, political, currency and other risks that could adversely affect our revenues orfinancial position.Our operations may face adverse financial consequences and operational problems due to political or economic changes,such as changes in national or regional political or economic conditions, laws and regulations that restrict repatriation of earningsor other funds, or changes in foreign currency exchange rates. As new laws and regulations are issued or discontinued to implement an agenda to be set by the new U.S. administration , we may be required to materially modify our business plans oroperations. Any of these changes could adversely affect our revenues or financial position.In India in particular, our exposure to the fluctuation in the value of the rupee will have a direct impact on our ability tomeet expected returns projected in U.S. dollars or make payment on any debt denominated in dollars. Any further currencyfluctuation could have a material adverse impact in our ability to realize the returns we anticipated in making such investments.39 Table of ContentsOur ability to recruit and retain experienced management and technical personnel could adversely affect our results ofoperations and ability to maintain internal controls.The success of our business is largely dependent on our executive officers and the officers of our operating units, as wellas on our ability to attract and retain other highly qualified technical and management personnel. We believe that there is, and willcontinue to be, strong competition for qualified personnel in the communications and energy industries and in our markets, andwe cannot be certain that we will be able to attract and retain the personnel necessary for the development of our business. Werely heavily on local management to run our operating units. Many of the markets we operate in are small and remote, making itdifficult to attract and retain talented and qualified managers and staff in those markets. The loss of key personnel or the failure toattract or retain personnel with the sophistication to run complicated telecommunications or solar equipment, networks andsystems could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We do not currentlymaintain “key person” life insurance on any of our key employees and none of the executives at our parent company are underemployment agreements.In addition, cultural differences abroad and local practices of conducting business in our foreign operations may not bein line with the business practices, recordkeeping and ethics standards in the United States. In order to continue to ensurecompliance with foreign and U.S. laws, accounting standards and our own corporate policies, we have implemented financial andoperational controls, created an internal audit team responsible for monitoring and ensuring compliance with our internalaccounting controls, and routinely train our employees, vendors and consultants. However, having substantial foreign operationsalso increases the complexity and difficulty of developing, implementing and monitoring these internal controls and procedures.If we are unable to manage these risks effectively, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition andresults of operations.Changes in meteorological conditions may materially disrupt our operations.Many of the areas in which we operate have experienced severe weather conditions over the years including hurricanes,tornadoes, blizzards, damaging storms and floods. Some areas in which we operate may also be at risk of earthquakes. Suchevents may materially disrupt and adversely affect our business operations. Major hurricanes passed directly over Bermuda in2003, 2014 and 2016 causing major damage to our network and to the island’s infrastructure. In 2008, a hurricane causedextensive damage on a small portion of the U.S. Virgin Islands. Guyana has suffered from severe rains and flooding in the past aswell. Our solar production at our facilities in Massachusetts was negatively impacted in early 2015 by repeated heavy snowfalland prolonged cold weather. While these events have not had a significant negative impact on the operating results or financialcondition of the affected businesses or our overall business, we cannot be sure that these types of events will not have such animpact in the future or that the insurance coverage we maintain for asset damage will adequately compensate us for all damageand economic losses resulting from natural catastrophes.The electricity produced and revenues generated by a solar electric generation facility is highly dependent on suitablesolar and associated weather conditions and our solar panels and inverters could be damaged by severe weather, such ashailstorms, blizzards or tornadoes. In addition, replacement and spare parts for key components may be difficult or costly toacquire or may be unavailable. Unfavorable weather and atmospheric conditions could reduce the output of our Facilities and leadto a loss of revenue from our offtakers.Risks Related to Our Capital Structur eOur debt instruments include restrictive and financial covenants that limit our operating flexibility.Our credit facility requires us to maintain a ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA and contains certain covenants that, amongother things, restrict our ability to take specific actions, even if we believe such actions are in our best interest. These includerestrictions on our ability to do the following:·incur additional debt;·create liens or negative pledges with respect to our assets;40 Table of Contents·pay dividends or distributions on, or redeem or repurchase, our capital stock;·make investments, loans or advances or other forms of payments;·issue, sell or allow distributions on capital stock of specified subsidiaries;·enter into transactions with affiliates; or·merge, consolidate or sell our assets.Any failure to comply with the restrictions of the credit facility or any subsequent financing agreements may result in anevent of default. Such default may allow our creditors to accelerate the repayment of the related debt and may result in theacceleration of the repayment of any other debt to which a cross‑acceleration or cross‑default provision applies. In addition, thesecreditors may be able to terminate any commitments they had made to provide us with further funds.Our Chairman is our largest stockholder and will continue to exert significant influence over us.Cornelius B. Prior, Jr., our Chairman and the father of our Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns, together withrelated entities, affiliates and family members (including our Chief Executive Officer), approximately 28% of our outstandingCommon Stock. As a result, he is able to exert significant influence over all matters presented to our stockholders for approval,including election and removal of our directors and change of control transactions. In addition, as our Chairman, he has the abilityto exert significant influence over other matters brought before our Board of Directors, such as proposed changes in our strategyor business plans and our major financing decisions. His interests may not always coincide with the interests of other holders ofour Common Stock.Low trading volume of our stock may limit our stockholders ability to sell shares and/or result in lower sale prices.For the three months prior to February 1, 2017, the average daily trading volume of our Common Stock wasapproximately 57,000 shares. As a result, our stockholders may have difficulty selling a large number of shares of our CommonStock in the manner or at a price that might be attainable if our Common Stock were more actively traded. In addition, the marketprice of our Common Stock may not be reflective of its underlying value.We may not pay dividends in the future.Our stockholders may receive dividends out of legally available funds if, and when, they are declared by our Board ofDirectors. We have consistently paid quarterly dividends in the past, but may cease to do so at any time. Our credit facility setscertain limitations on our ability to pay dividends on, or repurchase, our capital stock. We may incur additional indebtedness inthe future that may further restrict our ability to declare and pay dividends. We may also be restricted from paying dividends inthe future due to restrictions imposed by applicable state laws, our financial condition and results of operations, capitalrequirements, covenants contained in our financing agreements, management’s assessment of future capital needs and otherfactors considered by our Board of Directors. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENT SNone.41 Table of ContentsITEM 2. PROPERTIE SWe lease approximately 21,000 square feet of office space at 500 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA 01915 for ourcorporate headquarters. Worldwide, we utilize the following approximate square footage of space for our operations: International Renewable Type of space U.S. Telecom Telecom Energy Office 47,787 400,405 21,509 Retail stores 7,650 26,616 — Technical operations 31,803 2,216,238 — All of the above locations are leased except for the office and technical space within our International Telecom segment,which we own. As of December 31, 2016, we operated ten retail stores in our U.S. Telecom segment and nineteen retail stores inour International Telecom segment.Our offices and technical operations are in the following locations: U.S. Telecom International Telecom Renewable Energy Little Rock, AR Georgetown, Guyana San Francisco, CA Castle Rock, CO Bermuda Hyderabad, India Atlanta, GA U.S. Virgin Islands London, England Bellows Falls, VT British Virgin Islands Singapore Williston, VT Cayman Islands Albany, NY St. Maarten Within our telecommunications operations, we globally own 267 towers, lease an additional 447 towers and have fiveswitch locations within rented locations. In addition, our renewable energy operations own 28 commercial solar projects at 59sites. We consider our owned and leased properties to be suitable and adequate for our business operations.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDING SCurrently, our Guyana subsidiary, Guyana Telephone & Telegraph, Ltd. (“GTT”) holds an exclusive license to providedomestic fixed services and international voice and data services in Guyana. The license, whose initial term of twenty yearsexpired at the end of 2010, allowed for GTT, at its sole option, to extend the term for an additional twenty years, until December2030. GTT exercised its extension right, in accordance with the terms of its License and its agreement with the Government ofGuyana, in November 2009.In 2016, the Government of Guyana passed new telecommunications legislation introducing material changes to manyfeatures of Guyana’s existing telecommunications regulatory regime with the intention of introducing additional competition intoGuyana’s telecommunications sector. The legislation that passed, however, has not yet been implemented and does not include aprovision that permits other telecommunications carriers to receive licenses automatically upon signing of the legislation, nordoes it have the effect of terminating the Company’s exclusive license. Instead the legislation as passed requires the Minister ofTelecommunications to conduct further proceedings and issue implementing orders to enact the various provisions of thelegislation. We have met with the Government of Guyana, including as recently as December 2016, to discuss modifications ofthe Company’s exclusivity rights and other rights under its existing agreement and license. However, there can be no assurancethat those discussions will be concluded before the Government issues new licenses as contemplated by the legislation or at all, orthat they will satisfactorily address our contractual exclusivity rights. Although the Company believes that it would be entitled todamages or other compensation for any involuntary termination of its contractual exclusivity rights, it cannot guarantee42 Table of Contentsthat the Company would prevail in a proceeding to enforce its rights or that its actions would effectively halt any unilateral actionby the Government.In November 2007, Caribbean Telecommunications Limited (“CTL”) filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for theDistrict of New Jersey against GTT and ATN claiming breach of an interconnection agreement for domestic cellular services inGuyana and related claims. CTL asserted over $200 million in damages. GTT and ATN moved to dismiss the complaint onprocedural and jurisdictional grounds. On January 26, 2009, the court granted the motions to dismiss the complaint on thegrounds asserted. On November 7, 2009 and again on April 4, 2013, CTL filed a similar claim against GTT and the PUC in theHigh Court of Guyana. The Company believes these claims are without merit and are duplicative of a previous claim filed byCTL in Guyana that was dismissed. There has been no action on these matters since the April 2013 filing.On May 8, 2009, Digicel filed a lawsuit in Guyana challenging the legality of GTT’s exclusive license rights underGuyana’s constitution. Digicel initially filed this lawsuit against the Attorney General of Guyana in the High Court. On May 13,2009, GTT petitioned to intervene in the suit in order to oppose Digicel’s claims and that petition was granted on May 18, 2009.GTT filed an answer to the charge on June 22, 2009, and the case is pending. We believe that any legal challenge to GTT’sexclusive license rights granted in 1990 is without merit, and we intend to vigorously defend against such a legal challenge.GTT has filed several lawsuits in the High Court of Guyana asserting that Digicel is engaged in international bypass inviolation of GTT’s exclusive license rights, the interconnection agreement between the parties, and the laws of Guyana. GTT isseeking, among other things, injunctive relief to stop the illegal bypass activity, actual damages in excess of US$9 million andpunitive damages of approximately US$5 million. Digicel filed counterclaims alleging that GTT has violated the terms of theinterconnection agreement and Guyana laws. These suits, filed in 2010 and 2012, have yet to proceed to trial and it remainsuncertain as to when a trial date may be set. GTT intends to vigorously prosecute these matters.GTT is also involved in several legal claims regarding its tax filings with the Guyana Revenue Authority dating back to1991 regarding the deductibility of intercompany advisory fees as well as other tax assessments. Should GTT be held liable forany of the disputed tax assessments, totaling $44.1 million, the Company believes that the Government of Guyana would then beobligated to reimburse GTT for any amounts necessary to ensure that GTT’s return on investment was no less than 15% perannum for the relevant periods. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE SNot Applicable. 43 Table of ContentsPART I IITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS ANDISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESOur Common Stock, $.01 par value, is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “ATNI.” Thefollowing table sets forth the high and low sales prices for our Common Stock as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market:\ High Low 2015 Quarter ended March 31 $71.68 $60.64 Quarter ended June 30 $74.03 $64.15 Quarter ended September 30 $76.00 $66.05 Quarter ended December 31 $83.80 $71.40 High Low 2016 Quarter ended March 31 $82.59 $70.22 Quarter ended June 30 $79.61 $69.71 Quarter ended September 30 $83.27 $62.70 Quarter ended December 31 $84.29 $64.63 The number of holders of record of Common Stock as of February 28, 2017 was 94.DividendsThe following table sets forth the quarterly dividends per share declared by us over the past two fiscal years endedDecember 31, 2016: First Second Third Fourth Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 2015 $0.29 $0.29 $0.32 $0.32 2016 $0.32 $0.32 $0.34 $0.34 The declaration and payment of dividends on our Common Stock is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and issubject to a number of factors. Our credit facility restricts our ability to declare or pay dividends on our Common Stock. Becausewe are a holding company, our ability to declare dividends is effectively limited to the amount of dividends, if any, oursubsidiaries and other equity holdings may distribute to us. We have paid quarterly dividends on our Common Stock sinceJanuary 1999, and have increased the amount of our dividend in each of the years since then. The present Board of Directorsbelieves in returning a significant portion of profits, where possible, to stockholders and, subject to prudent resource managementand strategic development needs, would expect to continue to increase the amount of our dividend if earnings continue toincrease, although not necessarily proportionally. In 2015 and 2016 we declared a total annual dividend of $1.22 and $1.32 pershare, respectively. The continuation or modification of our current dividend policy will be dependent upon strategicopportunities or developments, future results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, contractual restrictions (suchas those under our existing credit facility), regulatory actions, and other factors deemed relevant at that time by the Board ofDirectors.44 Table of ContentsIssuer Purchases of Equity Securities in the Fourth Quarter of 2016In September 2004, our Board of Directors approved a $5.0 million stock buyback plan (the “2004 Repurchase Plan”). ThroughSeptember 19, 2016, we repurchased $4.1 million of our Common Stock, including $2.0 million during the third quarter of 2016,under the 2004 Repurchase Plan.On September 19, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our common stock from timeto time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the “2016 Repurchase Plan”). The 2016 Repurchase Planreplaces the 2004 Repurchase Plan. As of December 31, 2016, we have $49.9 million of available to be repurchased under the2016 Repurchase Plan. The following table reflects the repurchases by the Company of its Common Stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2016 : (d) Maximum Number (or (c) Approximate (b) Total Number of Dollar Value) of (a) Average Shares Purchased Shares that May Total Number Price as Part of Publicly be Purchased of Shares Paid per Announced Plans Under the Plans or Period Purchased Share or Programs Programs October 1, 2016 — October 31, 2016 294 (1)$65.29 (1) — $50,000,000 November 1, 2016 — November 30, 2016 1,500 $64.99 1,500 $49,902,511 December 1, 2016 — December 31, 2016 — $ — — $49,902,511 (1)Consists of 294 shares purchased on October 6, 2016 from our executive officers and other employees who tenderedthese shares to the Company to satisfy their tax withholding obligations incurred in connection with the exercise of stockoptions and the vesting of restricted stock awards at such date. These shares were not purchased under the plandiscussed above. The price paid per share was the closing price per share of our Common Stock on the Nasdaq StockMarket on the date those shares were purchased45 Table of ContentsStock Performance Graph The graph below matches the cumulative 5-year total stockholder return on our Common Stock with the cumulative total returnsof the Russell 2000 index, the S&P Smallcap 600 index, and the NASDAQ Telecommunications index. The graph tracks theperformance of a $100 investment in our Common Stock and in each index (with the reinvestment of all dividends) fromDecember 31, 2011 to December 31, 2016. The stock price performance in the graph below is not necessarily indicative of futureprice performance. This performance graph is furnished and shall not be deemed “filed” with the SEC or subject to Section 18 ofthe Exchange Act, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933. 12/1112/1212/1312/1412/1512/16 ATN international 100.00 96.44 151.63 184.54 217.20 226.44 Russell 2000 100.00 116.35 161.52 169.43 161.95 196.45 S&P Smallcap 600 100.00 116.33 164.38 173.84 170.41 215.67 NASDAQ Telecommunications 100.00 102.78 143.40 149.42 144.02 153.88 46 Table of ContentsITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DAT AYou should read the selected financial data in conjunction with our “Management’s Discussion and Analysis ofFinancial Condition and Results of Operations” and our Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31,2016, 2015 and 2014 and the related Notes to those Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. The historicalresults set forth below are not necessarily indicative of the results of future operations. Period to period comparisons are alsosignificantly affected by our significant acquisitions. See Notes 3 and 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in thisReport for a more detailed discussion of our recent acquisitions and discontinued operations.The selected Consolidated Income Statement data for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and theselected Consolidated Balance Sheet data as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are derived from our audited Consolidated FinancialStatements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our Consolidated Financial Statements for the yearsended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been audited and reported upon by an independent registered public accountingfirm in each period. The selected Consolidated Income Statement data for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 and theselected Consolidated Balance Sheet data as of December 31, 2014,47 Table of Contents2013 and 2012 are derived from our Consolidated Financial Statements not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Year ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands, except per share data) Income Statement Data Revenue $457,003 $355,369 $336,347 $292,835 $277,796 Operating expenses(1) 407,206 276,774 250,771 228,750 221,158 Income from operations 49,797 78,595 85,576 64,085 56,638 Other income (expense): Interest income 1,239 588 788 852 272 Interest expense (5,362) (3,180) (1,208) (12,785) (13,981) Other, net(2) (300) (19,802) 1,012 (5,679) 1,867 Other income (expense), net (4,423) (22,394) 592 (17,612) (11,842) Income from continuing operations before income taxes 45,374 56,201 86,168 46,473 44,796 Income taxes 21,160 24,137 28,148 9,536 20,831 Income from continuing operations 24,215 32,064 58,020 36,937 23,965 Income from discontinued operations, net of tax — 1,092 1,102 5,166 29,202 Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax(3) — — — 307,102 — Net income 24,214 33,156 59,122 349,205 53,167 Net income attributable to non ‑ controlling interests, netof tax (12,113) (16,216) (10,970) (37,489) (4,235) Net income attributable to ATN International, Inc.Stockholders $12,101 $16,940 $48,152 $311,716 $48,932 Net income per weighted average basic share attributableto ATN International, Inc. Stockholders: Continuing operations $0.75 $0.99 $2.96 $1.84 $1.34 Discontinued operations — 0.07 0.07 18.01 1.81 Total $0.75 $1.06 $3.03 $19.85 $3.15 Net income per weighted average diluted shareattributable to ATN International, Inc. Stockholders: Continuing operations $0.75 $0.98 $2.94 $1.83 $1.33 Discontinued operations — 0.07 0.07 17.88 1.80 Total $0.75 $1.05 $3.01 $19.71 $3.13 Dividends per share applicable to common stock $1.32 $1.22 $1.12 $1.04 $0.96 48 Table of Contents 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands) Balance Sheet Data (as of December 31,): Cash, restricted cash, and short term investments $297,595 $398,346 $371,394 $434,607 $136,647 Assets of discontinued operations(3) — — 175 4,748 380,765 Working capital 217,264 384,137 347,305 350,930 407,981 Fixed assets, net 647,712 373,503 369,582 254,632 238,324 Total assets 1,198,218 945,004 925,030 859,719 910,875 Short ‑ term debt (including current portion of long ‑term debt) 12,440 6,284 6,083 — 15,680 Liabilities of discontinued operations(3) — — 1,247 11,187 73,910 Long ‑ term debt, net 144,383 26,575 32,794 — 250,900 ATN International, Inc. stockholders’ equity 677,055 680,299 677,222 643,330 334,146 Statement of Cash Flow Data (for the years ended December 31,): Net cash provided by (used in): Operating activities: Continuing operations (4) $111,656 $139,079 $82,699 $(131,396) $114,884 Discontinued operations — 158 (4,719) 19,394 72,587 Investing activities: Continuing operations (308,688) (31,971) (74,467) (67,816) (26,991) Discontinued operations — — — 710,934 (35,267) Financing activities: Continuing operations 75,334 (41,438) (33,904) (308,796) (36,370) Discontinued operations — — — (1,678) (931) Capital expenditures (124,282) (64,753) (58,300) (69,316) (42,154) (1)The Company recognized an impairment charge on its telecommunications licenses during the years ended December 31,2012 and December 31, 2016.(2)During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized a loss on the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. See Note3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for additional information(3)During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company recognized a gain on the sale of our U.S. retail wireless businessoperated under the Alltel name to AT&T Mobility LLC completed in September 2013. See Note 4 to the ConsolidatedFinancial Statements included in this Report for additional information.(4)During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company paid $22.5 million to fund certain pension obligations acquired inthe Innovative Acquisition. Refer to Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for additionalinformation.49 Table of ContentsITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OFOPERATIONSOvervie wWe are a holding company that, through our operating subsidiaries, (i) provides wireless and wirelinetelecommunications services in North America, Bermuda and the Caribbean, (ii) develops, owns and operates commercialdistributed generation solar power systems in the United States and India, and (iii) owns and operates terrestrial and submarinefiber optic transport systems in the United States and the Caribbean. We were incorporated in Delaware in 1987 and began tradingpublicly in 1991. Since that time, we have engaged in strategic acquisitions and investments to grow our operations. We continueto actively evaluate additional domestic and international acquisition, divestiture, and investment opportunities and other strategictransactions in the telecommunications, energy-related and other industries that meet our return-on-investment and otheracquisition criteria. For a discussion of our investment strategy and risks involved, see “ Risk Factors—We are actively evaluatinginvestment, acquisition and other strategic opportunities, which may affect our long-term growth prospects .” We offer the following principal services:·Wireless. In the United States, we offer wholesale wireless voice and data roaming services to national, regional,local and selected international wireless carriers in rural markets located principally in the Southwest and MidwestUnited States. We also offer wireless voice and data services to retail customers in Bermuda, Guyana, and in othersmaller markets in the Caribbean and the United States·Wireline. Our wireline services include local telephone and data services in Bermuda, Guyana, the U.S. VirginIslands, and in other smaller markets in the Caribbean and the United States. Our wireline services also includevideo services in Bermuda and the U.S Virgin Islands. As of December 31, 2016, we also offered facilities‑basedintegrated voice and data communications services and wholesale transport services to enterprise and residentialcustomers in New England, primarily Vermont, and in New York State. In addition, we offer wholesalelong‑distance voice services to telecommunications carriers.·Renewable Energy. In the United States, we provide distributed generation solar power to corporate, utility andmunicipal customers. Beginning in April 2016, we began developing projects in India to provide distributedgeneration solar power to corporate and utility customers.50 Table of ContentsThe following chart summarizes the operating activities of our principal subsidiaries, the segments in which we report ourrevenue and the markets we served as of December 31, 2016: Segment Services Markets Tradenames U.S. Telecom Wireless United States (rural markets) Commnet, Choice,Choice NTUAWireless Wireline United States (New England andNew York State) Sovernet, ION,Essextel International Telecom Wireline Guyana, Bermuda, U.S. VirginIslands GTT+, One,Innovative, Logic Wireless Bermuda, Guyana, U.S. VirginIslands One, GTT+,Innovative, Choice Video Services Bermuda, U.S. Virgin Islands,Cayman Islands, British VirginIslands, St. Maarten One, Innovative,Logic, BVI CableTV Renewable Energy Solar United States and India Ahana Renewables,Vibrant Energy We provide management, technical, financial, regulatory, and marketing services to our subsidiaries and typicallyreceive a management fee equal to a percentage of their respective revenue. Management fees from our subsidiaries areeliminated in consolidation. To be consistent with how management allocates resources and assesses the performance of our business operations, in2016 we updated our reportable and operating segments to consist of the following: i) U.S. Telecom, consisting of ourformer U.S. Wireless and U.S. Wireline segments, ii) International Telecom, consisting of our former Island Wireless andInternational Integrated Telephony segments and the results of our One Communications and Innovative Acquisitions asdiscussed below, and iii) Renewable Energy, consisting of our former Renewable Energy segment and the results of our VibrantEnergy Acquisition, as discussed below. The prior period segment information has been recast to conform to the current year’ssegment presentation. Acquisitions During the year ended December 31, 2016, we completed acquisitions within our International Telecom, RenewableEnergy and U.S. Telecom segments (the “2016 Acquisitions”). International Telecom During the year ended December 31, 2016, we completed our acquisitions of a controlling interest in OneCommunications Ltd. , formerly KeyTech Limited, (the “One Communications Acquisition”), as well as all of the membershipinterests of Caribbean Asset Holdings LLC, the holding company for the Innovative group of companies (the “InnovativeAcquisition”). One Communications (formerly KeyTech Limited) On May 3, 2016, we completed our acquisition of a controlling interest in KeyTech Limited (“KeyTech”), a publiclyheld Bermuda company listed on the Bermuda Stock Exchange (“BSX”) that provides broadband and cable television servicesand other telecommunications services to residential and enterprise customers under the “Logic” name in Bermuda and theCayman Islands. Subsequent to the completion of our acquisition of KeyTech, KeyTech changed its name, and the “Logic”name, to One Communications Ltd. One Communications also owned a minority interest of approximately 43% in theCompany’s consolidated subsidiary, Bermuda Digital Communications Ltd. (“BDC”), which provides wireless services inBermuda under the “CellOne” name. As part of the transaction, the Company contributed its ownership interest of approximately43% in BDC and approximately $42.0 million in cash in51 Table of Contentsexchange for a 51% ownership interest in One Communications. As part of the transaction, BDC was merged with and into acompany within the One Communications group and the approximate 15% interest in BDC held, in the aggregate, by BDC’sminority shareholders was converted into the right to receive common shares in One Communications. Following the transaction,BDC became wholly owned by One Communications, and One Communications continues to be listed on the BSX. A portion ofthe cash proceeds that One Communications received upon closing was used to fund a one-time special dividend to OneCommunications’ existing shareholders and to retire One Communications subordinated debt. On May 3, 2016, we beganconsolidating the results of One Communications within our financial statements in our International Telecom segment. The One Communications Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination of a controlling interest in OneCommunications in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations , and the acquisition of an incremental ownership interestin BDC in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation . The total purchase consideration of $41.6 million of cash was allocated tothe assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. Innovative On July 1, 2016, we completed its our acquisition of all of the membership interests of Caribbean Asset Holdings LLC(“CAH”), the holding company for the Innovative group of companies operating video services, Internet, wireless and landlineservices in the U.S. Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands and St. Maarten (“Innovative”), from the National Rural UtilitiesCooperative Finance Corporation (“CFC”). We acquired the Innovative operations for a contractual purchase price of $145.0million, reduced by purchase price adjustments of $5.3 million (the “Innovative Transaction”). In connection with thetransaction, we financed $60.0 million of the purchase price with a loan from an affiliate of CFC, the Rural Telephone FinanceCooperative (“RTFC”) on the terms and conditions of a Loan Agreement by and among RTFC, CAH and ATN VI Holdings,LLC, the parent entity of CAH and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. We funded $51.9 million of the purchase pricein cash, subsequently paid $22.5 million to fund Innovative’s pension in the fourth quarter of 2016, and recorded $5.3 million asrestricted cash to satisfy Innovative’s other postretirement benefit plans. Following the purchase, our current operations in theU.S. Virgin Islands under the “Choice” name will be combined with Innovative to deliver residential and business subscribers afull range of telecommunications and media services. On July 1, 2016, the Company began consolidating the results ofInnovative within its financial statements in its International Telecom segment. The Innovative Transaction was accounted as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805. The considerationtransferred of $111.9 million, and used for the purchase price allocation differed from the contractual purchase price of $145.0million, due to certain GAAP purchase price adjustments including a reduction of $5.3 million related to working capitaladjustments and our agreeing to subsequently settle assumed pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities of $27.8million. As of December 31, 2016, we transferred consideration of $111.9 million which was allocated to the assets acquired andliabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. The final purchase price represents a reductionof $0.4 million from the preliminary purchase price. The decrease was due to settlement of working capital adjustments. Renewable Energy Vibrant EnergyApril 7, 2016, we completed our acquisition of a solar power development portfolio in India from Armstrong EnergyGlobal Limited (“Armstrong”), a well-known developer, builder, and owner of solar farms (the “Vibrant Energy Acquisition”).The business operates under the name Vibrant Energy. We also retained several Armstrong employees in the United Kingdomand India who are employed by us to oversee the development, construction and operation of the India solar projects. The projectsto be developed initially are located in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and are based on a commercial and industrialbusiness model, similar to our existing renewable energy operations in the United States. As of April 7, 2016, we beganconsolidating the results of Vibrant Energy in our financial statements within its Renewable Energy segment. 52 Table of ContentsThe Vibrant Energy Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805, BusinessCombinations . The total purchase consideration of $6.2 million cash was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumedat their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. U.S. Telecom In July 2016, we acquired certain telecommunications fixed assets and the associated operations in the western UnitedStates. The acquisition qualified as a business combination for accounting purposes. We transferred $9.1 million of cashconsideration in the acquisition. The consideration transferred was allocated to $10.2 million of acquired fixed assets, $3.5million of deferred tax liability, and $0.7 million to other net liabilities, resulting in goodwill of $3.1 million. Results ofoperations for the business are included in the U.S. Telecom segment and are not material to our historical results of operations. Dispositions Pending- U.S. Wireline Business On August 8, 2016, we announced that we entered into an agreement to sell our U.S. Wireline business in the Northeast,including our integrated voice and data operations in New England and our wholesale transport operations in NewYork. Following the completion of the sale, we will retain our wholesale long-distance business in our U.S. Telecomsegment. The transaction is expected to close in the first quarter 2017, following the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. Completed- Turks and Caicos Operations During March 2015, we sold certain assets and liabilities of our Turks and Caicos business in our International Telecomsegment. As a result, we recorded a net loss of approximately $19.9 million, which is included in other income (expense) on ourstatement of operations, arising from the deconsolidation of non-controlling interests of $20.0 million partially offset by a gain of$0.1 million arising from an excess of the sales proceeds over the carrying value of net assets disposed of. Since the dispositiondoes not relate to a strategic shift in our operations, the subsidiary’s historical results and financial position are presented withincontinuing operations. Deconsolidation of Subsidiary On December 15, 2016, we transferred our control of our subsidiary in Aruba to another stockholder in a nonreciprocaltransfer. Subsequent to that date, we no longer consolidated the results of the operations of the Aruba business which generatedapproximately $3 million in revenues during the year ended December 31, 2016. We did not recognize a gain or loss on thetransaction. Phase I Mobility Fund Grants As part of the Federal Communications Commission’s (“FCC”) reform of its Universal Service Fund (“USF”) program,which previously provided support to carriers seeking to offer telecommunications services in high-cost areas and to low-incomehouseholds, the FCC created the Phase I Mobility Fund (“Phase I Mobility Fund”), a one-time award meant to support wirelesscoverage in underserved geographic areas in the United States. We have received $19.7 million of Phase I Mobility Fund supportto our wholesale wireless business (the “Mobility Funds”) to expand voice and broadband networks in certain geographic areas inorder to offer either 3G or 4G coverage. As part of the receipt of the Mobility Funds, we committed to comply with certainadditional FCC construction and other requirements. A portion of these funds will be used to offset network capital costs and aportion is used to offset the costs of supporting the networks for a period of five years from the award date. In connection withour application for the Mobility Funds, we have issued approximately $10.6 million in letters of credit to the Universal ServiceAdministrative Company (“USAC”) to secure these obligations. If we fail to comply with any of the terms and conditions uponwhich the Mobility Funds were granted, or if we lose eligibility for the Mobility Funds, USAC will be entitled to draw the entireamount of the letter of credit applicable to the affected project plus penalties.53 Table of Contents The Mobility Funds projects and their results are included within the Company’s U.S. Telecom segment. As ofDecember 31 2016, the Company had received approximately $ 19.7 million in Mobility Funds. Of these funds, $ 5.8 million wasrecorded as an offset to the cost of the property, plant, and equipment associated with these projects and, consequentially, areduction of future depreciation expense. The remaining $13.9 million received offsets operating expenses, of which $4.6 millionhas been recorded to date,$ 3.4 million is recorded within long term liabilities, and the remaining $5.8 million is recorded withincurrent liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016. The balance sheet presentation is basedon the timing of the expected usage of the funds which will reduce future operations expenses. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made in the December 31, 2015 financial statements to conform our consolidatedincome statements to how we analyze our operations in the current period. These changes did not impact operating income. Forthe year ended December 31, 2015 the aggregate impact of the changes included a decrease to termination and access fees of $4.1million, an increase to engineering and operations expenses of $2.3 million, an increase to sales and marketing expenses of $2.4million, a decrease to equipment expense and a decrease to general and administrative expenses of $0.5 million. Selected Segment Financial Information The following represents selected segment information for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015: For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 U.S. International Renewable Reconciling Telecom Telecom Energy Items (1) ConsolidatedRevenue Wireless $148,053 $80,745 $ — $ — $228,798Wireline 26,448 161,571 — — 188,019Equipment and Other 2,225 15,960 393 — 18,578Renewable Energy — — 21,608 — 21,608Total Revenue 176,727 258,275 22,001 — 457,003Operating income (loss) 49,078 35,436 (246) (34,471) 49,797 For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 U.S. International Renewable Reconciling Telecom Telecom Energy Items (1) ConsolidatedRevenue Wireless $155,390 $81,652 $ — $ — $237,042Wireline 25,241 61,244 — — 86,485Equipment and Other 2,355 8,447 — — 10,802Renewable Energy — — 21,040 — 21,040Total Revenue 182,985 151,342 21,040 — 355,369Operating income (loss) 74,459 28,200 6,720 (30,784) 78,595 (1)Reconciling items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments A year over year summary of our segment results is as follows: 54 Table of Contents·U.S. Telecom. Revenues within our U.S. Telecom segment decreased by $6.3 million, or 3.4%, to $176.7 million from$183.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Of this decrease, $11.9 million wasattributable to reduced wholesale roaming rates within our wireless operations which more than offset an increase in datatraffic volumes. This decrease was partially offset by an increase of $4.6 million in our retail wireless business as aresult of increased subscribers and a $1.2 million increase in our wireline operations due to an increase in trafficvolumes. Operating expenses within our U.S. Telecom segment increased $19.2 million, or 17.7%, to $127.7 million from $108.5million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. This increase was primarily related to theexpansions and upgrades of our networks associated with the increase in traffic volumes. As a result of the above, our U.S. Telecom segment’s operating income decreased $25.4 million, or 34.1%, to $49.1million from $74.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. ·International Telecom. Revenues within our International Telecom segment increased $107.0 million, or 70.7%, to$258.3 million from $151.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. This increase wasrelated to our One Communications and Innovative Acquisitions which reported an aggregate of $108.5 million ofrevenue during the year ended December 31, 2016. Operating expenses within our International Telecom segment increased by $99.7 million, or 81.0%, to $222.8 millionfrom $123.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. This increase was related to ourOne Communications and Innovative Acquisitions which incurred $104.0 million of operating expenses during the yearended December 31, 2016. This increase was partially offset by a $5.3 million decrease in our other InternationalTelecom operations as a result of certain operating efficiencies. As a result, our International Telecom segment’s operating income increased $7.2 million, or 26.0% to $35.4 millionfrom $28.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. ·Renewable Energy. Revenues within our Renewable Energy segment increased $1.0 million, or 4.8%, to $22.0 millionfrom $21.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively as a result of increased solarproduction and certain customer contract price escalations. Operating expenses within our Renewable Energy segment increased $7.9 million, or 55.2%, to $22.2 million from$14.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. This increase in expenses was primarilyrelated to acquisition- related expenses incurred as a part of our Vibrant Acquisition. As a result, our Renewable Energy segment’s operating income decreased to a loss of $0.2 million from income. 55 Table of ContentsThe following represents a year over year discussion and analysis of our results of operation s for the years ended December 31,2016 and 2015 (in thousands): Year Ended Amount of Percent December 31, Increase Increase 2016 2015 (Decrease) (Decrease) REVENUE: Wireless $228,798 $237,042 $(8,244) (3.5)% Wireline 188,019 86,485 101,534 117.4 Renewable Energy 21,608 21,040 568 2.7 Equipment and Other 18,578 10,802 7,776 72.0 Total revenue $457,003 $355,369 $101,634 28.6% OPERATING EXPENSES ( excluding depreciation andamortization unless otherwise indicated ): Termination and access fees 116,427 77,806 38,621 49.6 Engineering and operations 52,902 39,582 13,320 33.7 Sales and marketing 31,050 23,898 7,152 29.9 Equipment expense 14,342 14,803 (461) (3.1) General and administrative 94,293 59,436 34,857 58.6 Transaction-related charges 16,279 7,182 9,097 126.7 Restructuring charges 1,785 — 1,785 100.0 Depreciation and amortization 75,980 56,890 19,090 33.6 Impairment of long-lived assets 11,425 — 11,425 100.0 Bargain purchase gain (7,304) — (7,304) (100.0) (Gain) Loss on disposition of long-lived assets 27 (2,823) 2,850 (101.0) Total operating expenses $407,206 $276,774 $130,432 47.1% Income from operations $49,797 $78,595 $(28,798) (36.6)% OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): Interest income 1,239 588 651 110.7 Interest expense (5,362) (3,180) (2,182) 68.6 Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiary — (19,937) 19,937 (100.0) Other income (expense), net (300) 135 (435) (322.2) Other income (expense), net $(4,423) $(22,394) $17,971 (80.2)% INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFOREINCOME TAXES 45,374 56,201 (10,827) (19.3) Income tax expense 21,160 24,137 (2,527) (10.5) INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS 24,215 32,065 (7,850) (24.9) INCOME FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS Income from discontinued operations $ — $1,092 $(1,092) (100.0)% NET INCOME 24,215 33,156 (8,941) (27.0) Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax: (12,113) (16,216) 3,993 (24.6) NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATNINTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS $12,101 $16,940 $(4,839) (28.6)% Wireless revenue. Our wireless revenue consists of wholesale revenue generated within our U.S. Telecom segmentand retail revenue generated within both our U.S. Telecom and International Telecom segments. Wholesale revenue . Our U.S. Telecom segment generates wholesale revenue from providing mobile voice or dataservices to the customers of other wireless carriers, the provision of network switching services and certain transport servicesusing our wireless networks. Wholesale wireless revenue is primarily driven by the number of sites56 Table of Contentsand base stations we operate, the amount of voice and data traffic from the subscribers of other carriers that each of these sitesgenerates and the rates we are paid from our carrier customers for carrying that traffic. The most significant competitive factor we face in our U.S. Telecom’s wholesale wireless business is the extent to whichour carrier customers choose to roam on our networks or elect to build or acquire their own infrastructure in a market, reducing oreliminating their need for our services in those markets. Occasionally, we have entered into buildout projects with existing carriercustomers to help the customer accelerate the buildout of a given area. Pursuant to these arrangements, we agree to incur the costof building and operating a network in a newly designated area meeting specified conditions. In exchange, the carrier agrees tolease us spectrum in that area and enter into a contract with specific pricing and terms. Historically, these arrangements typicallyhave included a purchase right in favor of the carrier to purchase that portion of the network for a predetermined price, dependingon when the option to purchase is exercised. We currently have one buildout arrangement of approximately 100 built cell sites,which provides the carrier with an option to purchase such sites exercisable beginning no earlier than 2018. At this time, webelieve holder is likely to exercise the option and proceeds from the exercise to be minimal. Retail revenue. Both our U.S. Telecom and International Telecom segments generate retail wireless revenues byproviding mobile voice or data services to our subscribers. Retail wireless revenues also include roaming revenues generated byother carriers’ customers roaming into our retail markets. Wireless revenue decreased by $8.2 million, or 3.5%, to $228.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from$237.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The decreases in wireless revenue, within our segments, consisted of thefollowing: ·U.S. Telecom. Wireless revenue within our U.S. Telecom segment decreased by $7.3 million, or 4.7%, to$148.1 million from $155.4 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Wholesalewireless revenue decreased by $11.9 million or 8.4%, to $129.3 million from $141.2 million for the years endedDecember 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, as a result of a reduction in wholesale roaming rates partially offsetby growth in data traffic volumes as a result of capacity and technology upgrades to our network and theincrease in the number of base stations to 1,006 from 800 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. OurU.S. Telecom’s retail operations reported an increase in wireless revenues of $4.6 million, or 32.4%, to $18.8million from $14.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, as a result ofsubscriber growth. We expect retail revenues to remain relatively consistent in future periods. ·International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, wireless revenue decreased by $0.9 million,or 1.0%, to $80.7 million from $81.7million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.This decrease was primarily the result of the sale of our operations in Turks and Caicos during March 2015 anda decline in roaming revenues within our other international markets. Our International Telecom segment’sretail subscribers increased to 311,000 as of December 31, 2016 from 282,000 as of December 31, 2015. Thisincrease in subscribers was driven by our Innovative Acquisition. We expect wholesale wireless revenues to decline and margins to contract within our U.S. Telecom segment as a resultof the necessary steps we have taken to significantly reduce rates in exchange for longer‑term contracts with carriers. While weexpect that wholesale data volumes will continue to increase due to increased demand combined with our increased capacity, weexpect that our reduced rates will more than offset any revenue increase resulting from increased data volumes. We believe thatthis new model has much lower risk in that the extended term and reduced pricing create a potential for a long‑lived sharedinfrastructure solution with carriers. We expect wireless revenues in our International Telecom segment to increase in 2017 and in subsequent periods as weinvest in upgrading our networks and service offerings. Growth in revenue from anticipated subscriber growth in certain marketsmay be somewhat offset by a decline in roaming revenues due to lower negotiated roaming57 Table of Contentsrates received from our carrier customers. Roaming revenues in these markets are also subject to seasonality and can fluctuatebetween quarters. Wireline revenue. Wireline revenue is generated by our U.S. Telecom and International Telecom segments. In ourU.S. Telecom segment, revenue is generated by our integrated voice and data operations in New England, our wholesale transportoperations in New York and our wholesale long-distance voice services to telecommunications carriers. Wireline revenueincludes basic service fees, measured service revenue, and internet access fees, as well as installation charges for new lines,monthly line rental charges, long-distance or toll charges, and maintenance. Within our International Telecom segment, revenueis generated in Bermuda and the Caribbean (including the U.S. Virgin Islands) and includes internet, voice, and video servicerevenues. Wireline revenue increased by $101.5 million, or 117.3%, to $188.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from$86.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increases in wireline revenue, within our segments, consisted of thefollowing: ·U.S. Telecom. Wireline revenue increased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $1.2 million, or 5.0%, to $26.4million from $25.2 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, primarily as a resultof an increase in traffic volumes within our wholesale long-distance voice operations. ·International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, wireline revenue increased by $100.3million, or 164.0%, to $161.6 million from $61.2 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively. This increase was primarily the result of our One Communications and Innovative Acquisitionswhich generated an aggregate of $100.3 million of wireline revenue during 2016. In addition, wireline revenueincreased as a result of increased subscribers and related broadband data revenues. On August 8, 2016, we announced that we had entered into an agreement to sell our U.S. Wireline business in theNortheast, including our integrated voice and data operations in New England and our wholesale transport operations in NewYork, which generated $21.2 million in revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. Following the completion of the sale, wewill retain our wholesale long-distance business in our U.S. Telecom segment. The transaction is expected to close in the firstquarter of 2017, following the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. We expect that wireline revenue within the U.S.Telecom segment will remain relatively unchanged until the close of the transaction and that after closing our remaining U.S.Telecom wireline revenue will be immaterial to the segment. Within our International Telecom segment, we anticipate that wireline revenue from our international long‑distancebusiness in Guyana will continue to decrease, principally as a result of the loss of market share, should we cease to be theexclusive provider of domestic fixed and international long‑distance service in Guyana, whether by reason of the Government ofGuyana implementing recently-passed legislation or new regulations or lack of enforcement of our exclusive rights. While theloss of our exclusive rights will likely cause an immediate reduction in our wireline revenue, over the longer term such declinesmay be offset by increased revenue from data services to consumers and enterprises in Guyana, an increase in regulated localcalling rates in Guyana, an increase in wholesale transport services and large enterprise and agency sales in the United States. Wecurrently cannot predict when or if the Government of Guyana will take any action to implement such legislation or any otheraction that would otherwise affect our exclusive rights in Guyana. See Note 13 to the Unaudited Condensed ConsolidatedFinancial Statements included in this Report. We anticipate that wireline revenue within our USVI and Bermuda operations, which are primarily generated by ourOne Communications and Innovative Acquisitions, respectively, will increase in 2017 as a result of a full year of operations beingreported and then remain fairly consistent afterwards. 58 Table of ContentsRenewable energy revenue. Renewable energy revenue represents revenue from the sale of electricity through long-term (10 to 25 years) power purchase agreements (“PPAs”) as well as the sale of solar renewable energy credits and performance-based incentives (“SRECs”), which have a contract term of up to ten years. Renewable energy revenue, recorded within our Renewable Energy segment, increased $0.6 million, or 2.9%, to $21.6million from $21.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. This increase was primarily the resultof increased production and certain customer contract price escalations partially offset by the expiration of certain incentiveenergy credits in California. Our PPAs, which are typically priced at or below local retail electricity rates, allow our customers to secure electricity atpredictable and stable prices over the duration of their long-term contract. As such, our PPAs provide us with high-qualitycontracted cash flows, which will continue over their average remaining life. For these reasons, we expect that RenewableEnergy revenue from our current portfolio of commercial solar projects will remain fairly consistent in future periods before theexpiration of the solar renewable energy credits. With the closing of our Vibrant Energy Acquisition, we are currently developing projects in India to provide distributedgeneration solar power to corporate and utility customers and expect to begin generating revenue during the first quarter of 2017,with a target of development of at least 250 MWp in solar energy projects through the end of 2018 provided we can securenecessary financing, amongst other things. When fully developed, we expect that margins from this portfolio of projects will be inline with our current domestic solar operations. Equipment and other revenue. Equipment and other revenue represents wireless equipment sales, primarily handsetsand data modems, to retail telecommunications customers within both our U.S. Telecom and International Telecomsegments. Equipment and other revenue also includes equipment, real estate and tower rental income within our InternationalTelecom segment and consulting fees within our Renewable Energy segment. Equipment and other revenue increased by $7.8 million, or 72.2%, to $18.6 million for the year ended December 31,2016 from $10.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The net increases in equipment and other revenue, within oursegments, consisted of the following: ·U.S. Telecom. Equipment and other revenue decreased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $0.2 million, or8.3%, to $2.2 million from $2.4 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, as aresult of a decrease in handset sales within the retail operation of our wireless businesses. ·International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, equipment and other revenue increased by$7.5 million, or 89.0 %, to $16.0 million from $8.4 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively. This increase was primarily the result of our One Communications and Innovative Acquisitionswhich generated an aggregate of $7.2 million of equipment and other revenue during 2016. In addition,equipment and other revenue increased as a result of increased handset and data modem sales. These increaseswere partially offset by a decrease in our other international markets as a result of a reduction in handset sales. ·Renewable Energy. Our Renewable Energy segment reported $0.4 million in 2016 as a result of consulting feesrecognized by our Vibrant Energy business which was acquired in April 2016. We believe that equipment and other revenue could continue to increase, albeit at a slower pace, as a result of grosssubscriber additions continued growth in smartphone penetration driven by customer incentives such as device subsidies. Termination and access fee expenses. Termination and access fee expenses are charges that we pay for voice and datatransport circuits (in particular, the circuits between our wireless sites and our switches), internet capacity, other access fees wepay to terminate our calls, telecommunication spectrum fees and direct costs associated with our Renewable Energy segment.59 Table of Contents Termination and access fees increased by $38.6 million, or 49.6%, to $116.4 million for the year ended December 31,2016 from $77.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. Increases in termination and access fees, within our segments,consisted of the following: ·U.S. Telecom. Termination and access fees within our U.S. Telecom segment increased by $2.5 million, or5.3%, to $49.9 million from $47.4 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively. Within our wholesale wireless operations, termination and access fees increased by $1.5 millionas the result of our increased data traffic volumes, costs related to additional technologies and the expansionand upgrade of our network. Our wholesale long-distance voice operations incurred an increase in terminationand access fees of $1.2 million as a result of increased traffic volumes. These increases were partially offset bya decrease in termination and access fees of $0.2 million within our other wireline operations. ·International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, termination and access fees increased by$36.0 million, or 123.7%, to $65.1 million from $29.1 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and2015, respectively. This increase was primarily the result of our One Communications and InnovativeAcquisitions which incurred an aggregate of $39.0 million of termination and access fees during 2016. Thisincrease was partially offset by some of our other markets which experienced operating efficiencies andreported a reduction in termination and access fees of $2.1 million. ·Renewable Energy. Termination and access fees within our Renewable Energy segment increased by $0.1million, or 7.7%, to $1.4 million from $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively, as a result of expenses incurred for the development of our Vibrant Energy operations. We expect that these termination and expenses will increase upon the completion of the Vibrant Energy constructionprojects but will remain fairly consistent as a percentage of revenues in future periods. Engineering and operations expenses. Engineering and operations expenses include the expenses associated withdeveloping, operating and supporting our expanding telecommunications networks and renewable energy operations, includingthe salaries and benefits paid to employees directly involved in the development and operation of our networks and renewableenergy operations. Engineering and operations expenses increased by $13.3 million, or 33.6%, to $52.9 million from $39.6 million for theyear ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The net increase in engineering and operations, within our segments,consisted of the following: ·U.S. Telecom. Engineering and operations expenses decreased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $1.5million, or 8.0%, to $17.2 million from $18.7 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively, primarily as a result of operating efficiencies within our wireless businesses. ·International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, engineering and operations expensesincreased by $14.6 million, or 73.7%, to $34.4 million from $19.8 million, for the years ended December 31,2016 and 2015, respectively. This increase was primarily the result of our One Communications and InnovativeAcquisitions which incurred an aggregate of $15.5 million of engineering and operations expenses during2016. This increase was partially offset by some of our other markets which experienced operating efficienciesand reported a reduction in engineering and operations. ·Renewable Energy. Engineering and operations expenses within our Renewable Energy segment increased to$0.5 million as a result of expenses incurred for the development of our Vibrant Energy projects.60 Table of Contents We expect to incur additional engineering and operations expenses necessary to continue the development of our VibrantEnergy projects and to complete technology upgrades within our newly acquired businesses within our International Telecomsegment. However, upon completion of the construction and those upgrades, we expect that engineering and operations willremain fairly consistent as a percentage of revenues. Sales and marketing expenses. Sales and marketing expenses include salaries and benefits we pay to salespersonnel, customer service expenses, sales commissions and the costs associated with the development and implementation ofour promotion and marketing campaigns. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $7.1 million, or 29.7%, to $31.0 million from $23.9 million for the yearended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The net increase in sales and marketing expenses, within our segments,consisted of the following: ·U.S. Telecom. Sales and marketing expenses decreased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $0.4 million, or7.0%, to $5.3 million from $5.7 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively,primarily as a result of operating efficiencies within our wireline businesses. ·International Telecom . Within our International Telecom segment, our sales and marketing expensesincreased by $7.6 million, or 41.8%, to $25.8 million from $18.2 million, for the years ended December 31,2016 and 2015, respectively. This increase was primarily attributable to our One Communications andInnovative Acquisitions which incurred an aggregate $7.0 million of sales and marketing expenses during 2016. We expect that sales, marketing and customer service expenses remain fairly consistent as a percentage of revenues infuture periods. Equipment expenses . Equipment expenses include the costs of our handset and customer resale equipment in ourretail businesses. Equipment expenses decreased by $0.5 million, or 3.4%, to $14.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from$14.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The decreases in equipment expenses, within our segments, consisted of thefollowing: ·U.S. Telecom . Equipment expenses decreased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $0.3 million, or 7.0%, to$4.0 million from $4.3 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Of thisdecrease, $0.2 million was related to a decrease in handset sales within the retail operation of our wirelessbusinesses while the remaining $0.1 million decrease was attributable to our wireline operations. ·International Telecom . Equipment expenses decreased within our International Telecom segment by $0.1million, or 1.0%, to $10.4 million from $10.5 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively, primarily related to the March 2015 sale of our operations in Turks and Caicos. We believe that equipment expenses could increase as a result of customer incentive device subsidies for smartphonesand modems. General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses include salaries, benefits and relatedcosts for general corporate functions including executive management, finance and administration, legal and regulatory, facilities,information technology and human resources. General and administrative expenses also include internal costs associated with ourperformance of due-diligence in connection with acquisition activities. 61 Table of ContentsGeneral and administrative expenses increased by $34.9 million, or 58.8%, to $94.3 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2016 from $59.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. Increases in general and administrative expenses,within our segments, consisted of the following: ·U.S. Telecom . General and administrative expenses increased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $2.7million, or 20.8%, to $15.7 million from $13.0 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively, in order to support our expanding wireless network. ·International Telecom . General and administrative expenses increased within our International Telecomsegment by $27.6 million, or 134.0%, to $48.2 million from $20.6 million, for the years ended December 31,2016 and 2015, respectively, as a result of the One Communications and Innovative Acquisitions whichincurred an aggregate of $27.4 million of general and administrative expenses during 2016. .·Renewable Energy. General and administrative expenses within our Renewable Energy segment increased by$1.1 million, or 26.2%, to $5.3 million from $4.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively, as a result of expenses incurred for the development of our Vibrant Energy projects which areexpected to be operational in the first quarter of 2017. ·Corporate Overhead. General and administrative expenses increased within our corporate overhead by $3.5million, or 16.2%, to $25.1 million from $21.6 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively, in order to support our expanding operations. We expect that these general and administrative expenses will remain fairly consistent as a percentage of revenues infuture periods. However, we also expect to incur additional general and administrative expenses necessary to continue thedevelopment of our Vibrant Energy projects that will disproportionately affect our Renewable Energy results until such projectsstart to become operational. Transaction-related charges. Transaction-related charges include the external costs, such as legal, tax, accountingand consulting fees directly associated with acquisition and disposition-related activities, which are expensed as incurred.Transaction-related charges do not include internal costs, such as employee salary and travel-related expenses, incurred inconnection with acquisitions or dispositions or any integration-related costs. We incurred $16.3 million and $7.2 million of transaction‑related charges during the year ended December 31, 2016 and2015, respectively. Substantially all of the 2016 expenses was related to the Vibrant Energy, One Communications and InnovativeAcquisitions. Restructuring charges. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we incurred $1.8 million of certain restructuringcosts in connection with the One Communications Acquisition which is included within our International Telecom segment. Depreciation and amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses represent the depreciation andamortization charges we record on our property and equipment and on certain intangible assets. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $19.4 million, or 34.1%, to $76.3 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2016 from $56.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. Increases in depreciation and amortizationexpenses, within our segments, consisted primarily of the following: ·U.S. Telecom . Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $2.3million, or 10.3%, to $24.5 million from $22.2 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively, as a result of certain wireless network expansions and upgrades. ·International Telecom . Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our International Telecomsegment by $15.9 million, or 63.9%, to $40.8 million from $24.9 million, for the years ended62 Table of ContentsDecember 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, as a result of the One Communications and Innovative Acquisitionswhich incurred an aggregate of $14.9 million of depreciation and amortization expenses during 2016. ·Renewable Energy. Depreciation and amortization expenses within our Renewable Energy segment increasedby $0.2 million, or 4.2%, to $5.0 million from $4.8 million as a result of capital expenditures during 2016primarily as a result of our Vibrant Acquisition. ·Corporate Overhead . Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our corporate overhead by$1.1 million, or 22.4%, to $6.0 million from $4.9 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively, to support our expanding operations. We expect depreciation expense to increase as we acquire more tangible assets to expand or upgrade ourtelecommunications networks, build or acquire solar power generating facilities and amortize intangible assets recorded inconnection with acquisitions. Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill. During June 2016, as a result of recent industry consolidationactivities and a review of strategic alternatives for our U.S. Wireline business in the Northeast, the Company identified factorsindicating the carrying amount of certain assets may not be recoverable. More specifically, the factors included the competitiveenvironment, recent industry consolidation, and the Company’s view of future opportunities in the market which began to evolvein the second quarter of 2016 as discussed in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report. As a result of this transaction and the recent developments in the market, we determined it was appropriate to assess thereporting unit’s assets for impairment. The reporting unit holds three types of assets for purposes of impairment testing: i) otherassets such as accounts receivable and inventory, ii) long lived assets such as property plant and equipment, and iii) goodwill. Wefirst assessed the other assets for impairment and determined no impairment was appropriate. Second, the property, plant andequipment was assessed for impairment. The impairment test compared the undiscounted cash flows from the use and eventualdisposition of the asset group to its carrying amount and determined the carrying amount was not recoverable. The impairmentloss of $3.6 million was equal to the amount by which the carrying amount exceeded the fair value. Third management assessedgoodwill for impairment following the two step impairment test. The carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeded its fairvalue after considering the $3.6 million asset impairment. The second step of the goodwill impairment test compares the impliedfair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of goodwill to measure the amount of impairment loss. Theimpairment loss equaled $7.5 million. We utilized the income approach, with Level 3 valuation inputs, which considered both thepurchase agreement and cash flows discounted at a rate of 14% in its fair value calculations. In total, we recorded an impairmentcharge of $11.1 million. The impairment charge is included in income from operations for the year ended December 31, 2016. We also assessed the value of a tradename used within our International Telecom segment. As a result of thatassessment, we concluded that the book value of such tradename exceeded its fair value and as a result, we recorded a non-cashimpairment charge of $0.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2016. Bargain purchase gain . In connection with the One Communications Acquisition, we recorded a bargain purchasegain of $7.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2016. The purchase price and resulting bargain purchase gain are theresult of the market conditions and competitive environment in which One Communications operates along with our strategicposition and resources in those same markets. Both companies realized that their combined resources would accelerate thetransformation of both companies to better serve customers in these markets. The bargain purchase gain is included in operatingincome in the accompanying income statement for the year ended December 31, 2016. Gain on disposition of long-lived assets . During the year ended December 31, 2015, we sold certain network assetsand telecommunications licenses in our U.S. Telecom segment and recognized a gain on such disposition of $2.8 million.63 Table of ContentsInterest income. Interest income represents interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and shortterm investment balances. Interest income increased to $1.2 million from $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively, as a result of increased interest rates on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Interest expense. We incur interest expense on the financed portion of the Innovative Acquisition purchase price, theterm loans assumed in the One Communications Acquisition, the Ahana Debt which, was refinanced on December 19, 2016,commitment fees, letter of credit fees, amortization of debt issuance costs and interest incurred on our outstanding credit facilities. Interest expense increased by $2.2 million to $5.4 million from $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and2015, respectively. The increase predominantly reflects the interest on the debt assumed with the One CommunicationsAcquisition and interest incurred on debt used to finance a portion of the Innovative Acquisition. Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense), net represents miscellaneous non-operational income weearned or expenses we incurred. Other income (expense), net was an expense of $0.3 million and income of $0.1 million for theyear ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The majority of other income (expense), net for the year ended December31, 2016 is the result of a $0.8 million expense on the loss on an unconsolidated affiliate partially offset by a $0.5 million gain ona foreign currency transaction. Income taxes. Our effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were 46.6% and 43.0%,respectively. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2016 was impacted by the following items (i) $3.1 millionprovision related to certain transactional charges incurred in connection with our recent acquisitions that had no tax benefit, (ii)$2.6 million provision related to an impairment charge to write down the value of assets related to our wireline business, (iii) $2.5million provision related to the write-off of an unrecoverable tax receivable and (iv) the mix of income generated among thejurisdictions in which we operate. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 was impacted by the followingitems: (i) $7.0 million provision related to the $19.9 million loss on deconsolidation within its International Telecom businessthat had no tax benefit and (ii) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate. Our effective tax rate isbased upon estimated income before provision for income taxes for the year, composition of the income in different countries,and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for potential tax consequences, benefits and/or resolutions of taxcontingencies. Our consolidated tax rate will continue to be impacted by the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions inwhich we operate. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests reflected anallocation of $12.1 million and $16.2 million of income generated by our less than wholly-owned subsidiaries for the year endedDecember 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Changes in net income attributable to non-controlling interests, within our segments,consisted of the following: ·U.S. Telecom . Net income attributable to non-controlling interests increased by $0.2 million, or 3.6%, to $5.8million from $5.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, as a result ofincreased profitability at certain less than wholly owned subsidiaries of our wireless operations. ·International Telecom . Net income attributable to non-controlling interests decreased by $4.5 million, or50.6% to $4.4 million from $8.9 million, primarily as a result of an increase in our ownership in our Bermudaoperations as a result of our One Communications Acquisition and a decrease in the consolidated profitabilityof those operations in 2016 as compared to 2015. The $5.3 million decrease relating to our operations inBermuda was offset by $0.9 million as a result of our March 2015 sale of our operations in Turks and Caicos. ·Renewable Energy. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests increased by $0.2 million, or 11.8%, to$1.9 million from $1.7 million, as a result of increased profitability within our domestic64 Table of Contentssolar operations. Net income attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders. Net income attributable to ATN International, Inc.stockholders decreased $4.8 million, or 28.4%, to $12.1 million from $16.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and2015, respectively. On a per share basis, net income decreased to $0.77 per diluted share from $1.05 per diluted share for the year endedDecember 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Selected Segment Financial Information The following represents selected segment information for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands): For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 U.S. International Renewable Reconciling Telecom Telecom Energy Items (1) ConsolidatedRevenue Wireless $155,390 $81,652 $ — $ — $237,042Wireline 25,241 61,244 — — 86,485Equipment and Other 2,355 8,447 — — 10,802Renewable Energy — — 21,040 — 21,040Total Revenue 182,985 151,342 21,040 — 355,369Operating income (loss) 74,459 28,200 6,720 (30,784) 78,595 For the Year Ended December 31, 2014 U.S. International Renewable Reconciling Telecom Telecom Energy Items (1) ConsolidatedRevenue Wireless $153,040 $88,650 $ — $ — $241,690Wireline 26,155 59,129 — — 85,284Equipment and Other 1,196 7,728 449 — 9,373Total Revenue 180,391 155,506 449 — 336,347Operating income (loss) 85,519 28,674 (2,218) (26,399) 85,576(1)Reconciling items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments65 Table of ContentsThe following represents a year over year discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the years ended December 31,2015 and 2014 (in thousands): Amount of Percent Year ended December 31, Increase Increase 2015 2014 (Decrease) (Decrease) REVENUE: Wireless $237,042 $241,690 $(4,648) (1.9)% Wireline 86,485 85,284 1,201 1.4 Renewable Energy 21,040 — 21,040 100.0 Equipment and Other 10,802 9,373 1,429 15.2 Total revenue $355,369 $336,347 $19,022 5.7% OPERATING EXPENSES ( excluding depreciation andamortization unless otherwise indicated ): Termination and access fees 77,806 77,888 (82) (0.1) Engineering and operations 39,582 30,954 8,628 27.9 Sales and marketing 23,898 21,664 2,234 10.3 Equipment expense 14,803 13,338 1,465 11.0 General and administrative 59,436 52,734 6,702 12.7 Transaction-related charges 7,182 2,959 4,223 142.7 Depreciation and amortization 56,890 51,234 5,656 11.0 Gain on disposition of long-lived asset (2,823) — (2,823) (100.0) Total operating expenses $276,774 $250,771 $26,003 10.4% Income from operations $78,595 $85,576 $(6,981) (8.2)% OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): Interest income 588 788 (200) (25.4) Interest expense (3,180) (1,208) (1,972) 163.2 Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiary (19,937) — (19,937) (100.0) Other income (expense), net 135 1,012 (877) (86.7) Other income (expense), net $(22,394) $592 $(22,986) (3,882.8)% INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFOREINCOME TAXES 56,201 86,168 (29,967) (34.8) Income tax expense 24,137 28,148 (4,011) (14.3) INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS 32,065 58,020 25,955 44.7 INCOME FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS: Income from discontinued operations $1,092 $1,102 $(10) (0.9)% NET INCOME 33,156 59,122 (25,966) (43.9) Net income attributable to non ‑ controlling interests, net of tax: (16,216) (10,970) (5,246) 47.8 $(16,216) $(10,970) $(5,246) 47.8% NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATNINTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS $16,940 $48,152 $(31,212) (64.8)% Wireless revenue. Wireless revenue decreased by $4.7 million, or 1.9%, to $237.0 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2015 from $241.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The net decreases in wireless revenue, withinour segments, consisted of the following: ·U.S. Telecom. Wireless revenue increased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $2.4 million, or 2.0%, to $155.4million from $153.0 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Wholesale wireless revenue decreased $3.6 million, or 2.5%, to $141.2 million from $144.8 million for the yearsended December, 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, as a result of a reduction in wholesale roaming rates partiallyoffset by growth in data traffic volumes as a result of capacity and technology upgrades to66 Table of Contentsour network and the increase in the number of base stations to 800 from 760 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014,respectively. Our U.S. Telecom’s retail operations reported an increase in wireless revenues of $5.9 million, or 91.1%, to $14.2million from $8.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, as a result of subscribergrowth. ·International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, wireless revenue decreased by $7.0 million, or8.0%, to $81.7 million from $88.7 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Thisdecrease was primarily the result of a decrease in roaming revenues due to rate declines throughout all of ourinternational markets and a $2.7 million reduction in revenue from our operations in Turks and Caicos which wassold in March of 2015. Wireline revenue. Wireline revenue increased by $1.2 million, or 1.0%, to $86.5 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2015 from $85.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increases in wireline revenue, within oursegments, consisted of the following: ·U.S. Telecom. Wireline revenue decreased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $1.0 million, or 3.8%, to $25.2million from $26.2 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, primarily as a result of adecrease in our wholesale long-distance voice services operations. ·International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, wireline revenue increased by $2.1 million, or4.0%, to $61.2 million from $59.1 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Thisincrease was primarily the result of increased subscribers and related broadband data revenues. Renewable Energy revenue. Renewable energy revenue was $21.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 andis attributable to our Ahana Acquisition in December 2014. Equipment and other revenue. Equipment and other revenue increased by $1.4 million, or 15.0%, to $10.8 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2015 from $9.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The net increases in equipmentand other revenue, within our segments, consisted of the following: ·U.S. Telecom. Equipment and other revenue increased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $1.2 million, or 97.0%,to $2.4 million from $1.2 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, as a result ofincreased subscribers and demand for handsets in our retail wireless operations. ·International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, equipment and other revenue increased by $0.7million, or 9.0%, to $8.4 million from $7.7 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.This increase was primarily a result of $1.0 million increase in equipment and other revenue within our Guyanamarket due to increased subscriber additions and demand for handsets. This increase, however, was offset by a$0.4 million reduction in our Turks and Caicos operations as a result of the sale of that business in March 2015 anda decrease in subscribers within our other international markets.Termination and access fee expenses . Termination and access fees decreased by $0.1 million, or 0.1%, to $77.8million for the year ended December 31, 2015 from $77.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Net decreases intermination and access fees, within our segments, consisted of the following: ·U.S. Telecom. Termination and access fees within our U.S. Telecom segment increased by $5.4 million, or 12.0%,to $50.5 million from $45.1 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. This increasewas primarily incurred within our wholesale wireless operations as the result of our increased data traffic volumes,costs related to additional technologies and the expansion and upgrade of our network. ·International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, termination and access fees decreased by $2.1million, or 6.7%, to $29.1 million from $31.2 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014,respectively. This decrease was primarily related to non-recurring reductions in bandwidth costs and a $1.5 milliondecrease within our Turks and Caicos operations which was sold in March 2015. ·Renewable Energy. Our Renewable Energy segment incurred $1.3 million of termination and access fees during theyear ended December 31, 2015 which were attributable to direct costs associated with our Ahana Acquisition inDecember 2014. Engineering and operations expenses. Engineering and operations expenses increased by $8.6 million, or 27.7%, to$39.6 million from $31.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in engineering andoperations, within our segments, consisted of the following: ·U.S. Telecom. Engineering and operations expenses increased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $4.0 million, or27.2%, to $18.7 million from $14.7 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively,primarily to support an expanding and upgraded network and additional technologies and as a result of theconclusion of a transition services agreement entered into to provide support services following the sale of our Alltelbusiness which was accounted for as an offset to the expenses in previous periods. ·International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, engineering and operations expenses increasedby $0.8 million, or 4.2%, to $19.8 million from $19.0 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014,respectively. This increase was the result of additional network and billing system support, maintenance, andconsulting in our Guyana market partially offset by the March 2015 sale of our operations in Turks and Caicos. ·Corporate Overhead. Engineering and operations expenses within our Corporate Overhead increased by $0.8million to $1.1 million from $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, in order tosupport our expanding operations. Sales and marketing expenses . Sales and marketing expenses increased by $2.2 million, or 10.1%, to $23.9 millionfrom $21.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Within our segments, sales and marketingconsisted of the following:·U.S. Telecom. Sales and marketing expenses increased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $0.4 million, or 7.5%,to $5.7 million from $5.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. This increase wasprimarily within our wireless retail operations in order to support its increased revenues and subscriber base. ·International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, sales and marketing expenses decreased by $0.2million, or 1.1%, to $18.2 million from $18.4 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014,respectively. Our operations in our Guyana market had sales and marketing expenses increase by $1.9 million as aresult of additional retail stores and increased promotions and product re-branding expenses. This increase,however, was offset by a decrease in our other markets within our International Telecom segment as a result of costreduction measures and the sale of our operations in Turks and Caicos in March 2015. Equipment expenses . Equipment expenses increased by $1.5 million, or 11.3%, to $14.8 million from $13.3 millionfor the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Increases in equipment expenses, within our segments, includethe following:·U.S. Telecom. Equipment expenses increased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $1.6 million, or 59.3%,67 Table of Contentsto $4.3 million from $2.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively as a result ofincreased equipment sales in our wireless retail operations. ·International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, equipment expenses decreased by $0.2 million,or 1.9%, to $10.5 million from $10.7 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.Equipment expenses within our Guyana market increased by $1.6 million as a result of increased equipmentsales. This increase, however, was offset by an aggregate decrease in our other markets including the sale of ouroperations in Turks and Caicos in March 2015 which resulted in a year- over -year decrease in equipment expensesof $0.9 million. General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by $6.7 million, or 12.7%, to$59.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 from $52.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increases ingeneral and administrative expenses, within our segments, included the following:·U.S. Telecom. General and administrative expenses within our U.S. Telecom segment increased by $2.1 million, or19.3%, to $13.0 million from $10.9 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively,primarily as a result of the conclusion of a transition services agreement entered into to provide support servicesfollowing the sale of our Alltel business, which was accounted for as an offset to expense in previous periods ·International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, general and administrative expenses increasedby $0.7 million, or 3.5%, to $20.6 million from $19.9 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014,respectively. This increase was primarily the result of non-recurring legal and consulting costs in our Guyanamarket which incurred a year-over- year increase in general and administrative expenses of $1.5 million. Thisincrease was offset by reductions in our other international markets which resulted in a year-over- year decrease ingeneral and administrative expenses of $0.8 million. ·Renewable Energy. Our Renewable Energy segment incurred $4.2 million general and administrative expensesduring the year ended December 31, 2015 which were attributable to our Ahana Acquisition in December 2014. Transaction‑‑ related charges. We incurred $7.2 million and $3.0 million of transaction‑related charges during theyears ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase was primarily related to our Innovative and OneCommunications Acquisitions and our evaluation of renewable energy investment opportunities.Depreciation and amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $5.7 million, or 11.1%, to $56.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 from $51.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.·U.S. Telecom . Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our U.S. Telecom segment by $3.1 million,or 16.2%, to $22.2 million from $19.1, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, as a result ofcertain network expansions and upgrades. ·International Telecom . Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased within our International Telecomsegment by $3.3 million, or 11.7%, to $24.9 million from $28.2 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and2014, respectively. These decreases were the result of certain equipment becoming fully depreciated and the sale ofour operations in Turks and Caicos in March 2015 which accounted for $1.3 million of the decrease. ·Renewable Energy. Depreciation and amortization expenses within our Renewable Energy segment increased by$4.7 million to $4.8 million from $0.1 million as a result of our Ahana Acquisition in December 2014. 68 Table of Contents·Corporate Overhead . Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our corporate overhead by $0.9million, to $4.9 million from $4.0 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, to supportour expanding operations. Gain on disposition of long‑‑lived assets. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we sold certain network assetsand telecommunications licenses in our U.S. Telecom segment and recognized a gain on such disposition of $2.8 million.Interest income. Interest income decreased $0.2 million to $0.6 million from $0.8 million for the years endedDecember 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.Interest expense. Interest expense increased $2.0 million to $3.2 million from $1.2 million for the years ended December 31,2015 and 2014, respectively. This increase was primarily the result of the interest incurred on debt we assumed in connectionwith the Ahana Acquisition in December 2014.Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiary . During March 2015, we completed the sale of certain assets and liabilitiesoperated in Turks and Caicos and recorded a loss on the disposition and related deconsolidation of this subsidiary ofapproximately $19.9 million primarily as a result of the expensing of our minority holders’ non-controlling interests in our Turksand Caicos operations.Other income (expense), net . Other income (expense), net represents miscellaneous non-operational income we earned orexpenses we incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2014, other income (expense), net included a $1.1 million foreignexchange gain.Income taxes. Our effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were 43.0% and 32.7%,respectively. Our effective tax rate increased in 2015 primarily due to the loss on the deconsolidation of our Turks and Caicosbusiness. This loss was generated in a non-tax foreign jurisdiction for which we receive no tax benefit. Our consolidated tax ratewill continue to be impacted by the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate.Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax. Gain on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax of$1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, relates to the gain on the sale of our Alltel business which was soldon September 20, 2013.Net income attributable to non‑‑controlling interests. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests increased$5.2 million, or 47.2%, to $16.2 million from $11.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Withinour segments, net income attributable to non-controlling interests included the following:·U.S. Telecom . Net income attributable to non-controlling interests increased by $1.9 million, or 51.4%, to $5.6million from $3.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, as a result of increasedprofitability at certain less than wholly owned subsidiaries of our wireless operations. ·International Telecom . Net income attributable to non-controlling interests increased by $1.8 million, or 25.4% to$8.9 million from $7.1 million. Of this increase, $2.5 million was the result of the sale of our operations in Turksand Caicos in March 2015. This increase was offset by a decrease in year- over- year profitability within our otherless than wholly owned subsidiaries. ·Renewable Energy. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests increased by $1.5 million to $1.7 millionfrom $0.2 million, as a result of our Ahana Acquisition which was completed in December 2014. 69 Table of ContentsNet income attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders. Net income attributable to ATN International, Inc.stockholders decreased to $16.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 from $48.2 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2014.On a per share basis, net income decreased to $1.05 per diluted share from $3.01 per diluted share for the years endedDecember 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 each included net income per dilutedshare of $0.07 relating to the gain, net of tax, on the sale of our discontinued operations.Regulatory and Tax Issue sWe are involved in a number of regulatory and tax proceedings. A material and adverse outcome in one or more of theseproceedings could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and future operations. For discussion of ongoingproceedings, see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Report.Liquidity and Capital Resource sHistorically, we have met our operational liquidity needs through a combination of cash on hand and internally generated fundsand have funded capital expenditures and acquisitions with a combination of internally generated funds, cash on hand, proceedsfrom dispositions, borrowings under our credit facilities and seller financing. We believe our current cash, cash equivalents, shortterm investments, and availability under our current credit facility will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for at least the nexttwelve months for working capital needs and capital expenditures.Uses of CashAcquisitions and Investments. Historically, we have funded our acquisitions with a combination of cash on hand,borrowings under our credit facilities and seller financing. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we funded our 2016Acquisitions with $168.9 million of cash, net of cash acquired. In addition, we financed $60.0 million of the InnovativeAcquisition purchase price with a loan from an affiliate of the seller, the Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative. We continue to explore opportunities to expand our telecommunications and renewable energy businesses or acquirenew businesses and licenses in the United States, the Caribbean and elsewhere. Such acquisitions, including acquisitions ofrenewable energy assets, may require external financing. While there can be no assurance as to whether, when or on what termswe will be able to acquire any such businesses or licenses or make such investments, such acquisitions may be accomplishedthrough the issuance of shares of our capital stock, payment of cash or incurrence of additional debt. From time to time, we mayraise capital ahead of any definitive use of proceeds to allow us to move more quickly and opportunistically if an attractiveinvestment materializes.As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately $295.8 million in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short terminvestments. Of this amount, $116.8 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries and is permanently invested outside the UnitedStates. In addition, we had approximately $156.8 million of debt, net of unamortized deferred financing cost, as of December 31,2016. How and when we deploy our balance sheet capacity will figure prominently in our longer-term growth prospects andstockholder returns.Capital Expenditures. Historically, a significant use of our cash has been for capital expenditures to expand and upgradeour telecommunications networks as well as for acquisitions.70 Table of ContentsFor the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we spent approximately $124.3 million and $64.8 million,respectively, on capital expenditures. The following notes our capital expenditures, by operating segment, for these periods (inthousands): Capital Expenditures U.S. International Renewable Reconciling Year ended December 31, Telecom Telecom Energy Items (1) Consolidated 2016 $31,983 $62,808 $22,615 $6,876 $124,282 2015 37,588 22,804 38 4,323 64,753 (2)Reconciling items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustmentsWe are continuing to invest in upgrading and expanding our telecommunications networks in many of our markets, along withupgrading our operating and business support systems. We currently anticipate that telecom capital expenditures for the yearending December 31, 2017 will be between $95 million and $115 million. Due to concurrent network expansions and upgrades inmultiple markets including extensive fiber builds and upgrades as well as market-wide mobile data network upgrades. Oncecomplete, we expect aggregate capital expenditures in existing telecom markets to decline significantly in 2018. Within ourRenewable Energy segment, we anticipate that capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2017 will be between $40million and $60 million.We expect to fund our current capital expenditures primarily from our current cash balances and cash generated fromour operations.Income taxes. We have historically used cash-on-hand to make payments for income taxes. The Company’s policy isto indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries, and accordingly, no provision for federal incometaxes has been made on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferredU.S. income tax liability is not practicable because of the complexities associated with its hypothetical calculation as suchliability, if any, is dependent on circumstances existing if and when such remittance occurs. Dividends. We use cash-on-hand to make dividend payments to our stockholders when declared by our Board ofDirectors. For the year ended December 31, 2016, our Board declared dividends to our stockholders, which includes a $0.34 pershare dividend declared on December 12, 2016 and paid on January 9, 2017, of $5.5 million. We have declared quarterlydividends for the last 73 fiscal quarters. Stock repurchase plan. In September 2004, our Board of Directors approved a $5.0 million stock buyback plan (the“2004 Repurchase Plan”). Through September 19, 2016, we repurchased $4.1 million of our Common Stock under the 2004Repurchase Plan. On September 19, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our Common Stockfrom time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the “2016 Repurchase Plan”). The 2016 RepurchasePlan replaces the 2004 Repurchase Plan. As of December 31, 2016, we had available to repurchase $49.9 million of our CommonStock under the 2016 Repurchase Plan.71 Table of ContentsDebt Service and Other Contractual Commitments Table. The following table discloses aggregate information about ourdebt, lease and other obligations as of December 31, 2016 and the periods in which payments are due: Less Than More Than Contractual Obligations Total 1 Year 1 – 3 Years 4 – 5 Years 5 Years (In thousands) Debt $156,823 $12,440 $39,799 $19,981 $84,603 Pension obligations 44,570 4,433 12,810 4,676 22,651 Mobility fund grants 12,204 8,775 3,429 — — Operating lease obligations 102,690 20,944 42,293 24,332 15,121 Total $316,287 $46,592 $98,331 $48,989 $122,375 We have omitted uncertain income tax liabilities from this table due to the inherent uncertainty regarding the timing ofpotential issue resolution. Specifically, either the underlying positions have not been fully developed enough under audit toquantify at this time or the years relating to the issues for certain jurisdictions are not currently under audit. At December 31,2016, we had $20.1 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits of which $15.1 million is included in “Other Liabilities” and $5.0million is included in “Accrued Taxes” in the consolidated balance sheet.Sources of CashTotal liquidity at December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately $299.3 million in cash, cashequivalents, restricted cash and short term investments, a decrease of $102.5 million from the December 31, 2015 balance of$398.3 million. The decrease is primarily attributable to the use of $153.4 million, net of cash acquired, to fund our 2016Acquisitions and $124.3 million for our capital expenditures. These uses were partially offset by cash provided by our operatingactivities of $111.7 million and additional borrowings from the financing of our Ahana debt of $41.4 million. Cash provided by operations. Cash provided by operating activities was $111.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016as compared to $139.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease of $27.5 million included a decrease in cashprovided by operations within our U.S. Telecom segment of $9.3 million primarily related to a reduction in wholesale roamingrates, and decreases in cash provided by operations within our Renewable Energy segment and corporate overheads of $8.7million and $33.6 million, respectively, primarily as a result of certain expenses incurred for acquisition related charges and the$22.5 million funding of the pension obligation in lieu of purchase consideration paid to the seller of our InnovativeAcquisition. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in cash from operations of $24.1 million within ourInternational Telecom segment as a result of our One Communications and Innovative Acquisitions and an increase within ourGuyana market.Cash used in investing activities. Cash used in investing activities was $308.7 million and $32.0 million for the yearsended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The increase in usage of cash for investing activities of $276.7 million wasprimarily related to the use of $153.4 million, net of cash acquired, to fund our 2016 Acquisitions, and an increase in our capitalexpenditures of $59.5 million. In addition, the year ended December 31, 2015 includes $39.0 million of cash provided by thefinal receipt of the escrowed funds from our 2013 sale of the retail wireless business operated under the Alltel name.Cash provided by (used in) financing activities. For the year ended December 31, 2016, cash provided by financingactivities was $75.3 million as compared to cash used in financing activities of $41.4 million for the year ended December 31,2015. The $116.7 million increase was primarily the result of $60.0 million of borrowings used to fund a portion of theInnovative Acquisition, additional borrowings from the refinancing of our Ahana Debt of $41.4 million and an investment madeby a minority shareholder of $21.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2016. Credit facility. On December 19, 2014, we amended and restated our then existing credit facility with CoBank, ACBand a syndicate of other lenders to provide for a $225.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Credit72 Table of ContentsFacility”) that includes (i) up to $10 million under the Credit Facility for standby or trade letters of credit, (ii) up to $25.0 millionunder the Credit Facility for letters of credit that are necessary or desirable to qualify for disbursements from the Phase I MobilityFund and (iii) up to $10.0 million under a swingline sub-facility.Amounts we may borrow under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either (i) the LondonInterbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.50% to 1.75% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicablemargin ranging from 0.50% to 0.75%. Swingline loans will bear interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin for base rateloans. The base rate is equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the higher of (x) the one-week LIBOR and (y) the one-month LIBOR;(ii) the federal funds effective rate (as defined in the Credit Facility) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the prime rate (as defined inthe Credit Facility). The applicable margin is determined based on the ratio (as further defined in the Credit Agreement) of ourindebtedness to EBITDA. Under the terms of the Credit Facility, we must also pay a fee ranging from 0.175% to 0.250% of theaverage daily unused portion of the Credit Facility over each calendar quarter.The Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including a financial covenant thatimposes a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA as well as covenants by us limiting additional indebtedness, liens,guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions withaffiliates and fundamental changes. In addition, the Credit Facility contains a financial covenant by us that imposes a maximumratio of indebtedness to EBITDA. As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenants of theCredit Facility.On January 11, 2016, we amended the Credit Facility to provide for lender consent to, among other actions, (i) thecontribution by the Company of all of its equity interests in ATN Bermuda Holdings, Ltd. to ATN Overseas Holdings, Ltd. inconnection with the One Communications Acquisition, a one-time, non-pro rata cash distribution by One Communications of$12.7 million to certain of One Communications ’ shareholders; and (ii) the incurrence by certain subsidiaries of the Company ofsecured debt in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $60.0 million in connection with our option to finance a portion ofthe Innovative Transaction. The Amendment increases the amount the Company is permitted to invest in “unrestricted”subsidiaries of the Company, which are not subject to the covenants of the Credit Facility, from $275.0 million to $400.0 million(as such increased amount shall be reduced from time to time by the aggregate amount of certain dividend payments to theCompany’s stockholders). The Amendment also provides for the incurrence by the Company of incremental term loan facilities,when combined with increases to revolving loan commitments under the Credit Facility, in an aggregate amount not to exceed$200.0 million, which facilities shall be subject to certain conditions, including pro forma compliance with the total net leverageratio financial covenant under the Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2016, we had no borrowings under the Credit Facility and approximately $10.6 million of outstanding lettersof credit.Ahana DebtOn December 24, 2014, in connection with the Ahana Acquisition, we assumed $38.9 million in long-term debt (the“Original Ahana Debt”). The Original Ahana Debt included multiple loan agreements with banks that bore interest at ratesbetween 4.5% and 6.0%, matured at various times between 2018 and 2023 and were secured by certain solarfacilities. Repayment of the Original Ahana Debt was being made in cash on a monthly basis until maturity. The Original Ahana Debt also included a loan from Public Service Electric & Gas (the “PSE&G Loan”). The PSE&GLoan bears interest at 11.3%, matures in 2027, and is secured by certain solar facilities. Repayment of the Original Ahana Debtwith PSE&G can be made in either cash or solar renewable energy credits (“SRECs”), at the Company’s discretion, with thevalue of the SRECs being fixed at the time of the loan’s closing. Historically, the Company has made all repayments of thePSE&G Loan using SRECs. On December 19, 2016, Ahana’s wholly owned subsidiary, Ahana Operations, issued $20.6 million in aggregateprincipal amount of 4.427% senior notes due 2029 (the “Series A Notes”) and $45.2 million in aggregate principal amount of5.327% senior notes due 2031 (the “Series B Notes”). Interest and principal are payable semi-73 Table of Contentsannually beginning on March 31, 2017, until the respective maturity dates of March 31, 2029 (for the Series A Notes) andSeptember 30, 2031 (for the Series B Notes). Cash flows generated by the solar projects that secure the Series A Notes and SeriesB Notes are only available for payment of such debt and are not available to pay other obligations or the claims of the creditors ofAhana or its subsidiaries. However, subject to certain restrictions, Ahana Operations holds the right to the excess cash flows notneeded to pay the Series A Notes and Series B Notes and other obligations arising out of the securitizations. The Series A andSeries B Notes are secured by certain assets of Ahana and are guaranteed by certain of its subsidiaries. A portion of the proceeds from the issuances of the Series A Notes and Series B Notes were used to repay the OriginalAhana Debt in full except for the PSE&G Loan which remained outstanding after the refinancing. As of December 31, 2016, $2.1 million of the Original Ahana Debt and $65.8 million of the Series A Notes and Series BNotes remained outstanding. One Communications DebtIn connection with the One Communications Transaction on May 3, 2016, we assumed $35.4 million in debt (the “OneCommunications Debt”) in the form of a loan from HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited. The One Communications Debt matures in2021, bears interest of the three-month LIBOR plus a margin of 3.25%, and repayment is made quarterly until maturity. The debtis secured by the property and assets of certain One Communications subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2016, $32.1 million of the One Communications Debt remained outstanding. Innovative DebtWe funded the Innovative Acquisition with $51.0 million in cash and financed the remaining $60.0 million of thepurchase price with a loan from an affiliate of the seller, the Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative. The Company paid a fee of$0.9 million to lock the interest rate at 4% per annum over the term of the debt. The fee was recorded as a reduction to the debtcarrying amount and will be amortized over the life of the loan. Interest is paid quarterly and principal repayment is not requireduntil maturity on July 1, 2026. As of December 31, 2016, $60.0 million of the Innovative Debt remained outstanding and $0.8 million of the rate lockfee were unamortized. Factors Affecting Sources of LiquidityInternally generated funds. The key factors affecting our internally generated funds are demand for our services,competition, regulatory developments, economic conditions in the markets where we operate our businesses and industry trendswithin the telecommunications and renewable energy industries. Restrictions under Credit Facility. Our Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and covenants,including covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales,investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes. In addition, the Credit Facility contains a financial covenant that imposes a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA.As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenants of the Credit Facility. Capital markets. Our ability to raise funds in the capital markets depends on, among other things, general economicconditions, the conditions of the telecommunications and renewable energy industries, our financial performance, the state of thecapital markets and our compliance with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requirements for the offering ofsecurities. On June 6, 2014, the SEC declared effective our “universal” shelf registration statement. This filing registered potentialfuture offering of our securities. We currently expect to renew our “universal” shelf registration upon its expiration in June 2017.74 Table of Contents Completed Acquisitions. As discussed above, we funded our 2016 Acquisitions with $175.9 million of cash, net ofcash acquired. In addition, we financed $60.0 million of the Innovative Acquisition purchase price with a loan from an affiliate ofthe seller, the Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative. InflationWe do not believe that inflation has had a significant impact on our consolidated operations in any of the periodspresented in the Report.We have based our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations on our ConsolidatedFinancial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United Statesof America (or GAAP). We base our estimates on our operating experience and on various conditions existing in the market andwe believe them to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carryingvalues of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from theseestimates under different assumptions or conditions.Critical Accounting EstimatesWe have identified the critical accounting estimates that we believe require significant judgment in the preparation ofour Consolidated Financial Statements. We consider these accounting estimates to be critical because changes in the assumptionsor estimates we have selected have the potential of materially impacting our financial statements.Revenue Recognition. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to recognize for a particular transaction, weapply the criteria established by the authoritative guidance for revenue recognition and defer those items that do not meet therecognition criteria. As a result of the cutoff times of our billing cycles, we are often required to estimate the amount of revenuesearned but not billed from the end of each billing cycle to the end of each reporting period. These estimates are based primarily onrate plans in effect and historical evidence with each customer or carrier. Adjustments affecting revenue can and occasionally dooccur in periods subsequent to the period when the services were provided, billed and recorded as revenue, however historicallythese adjustments have not been material.We apply judgment when assessing the ultimate realization of receivables, including assessing the probability ofcollection and the current credit‑ worthiness of customers. We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts sufficient to coverprobable and reasonably estimable losses. Our estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts considers collection experience,aging of the accounts receivable, the credit quality of customer and, where necessary, other macro‑economic factors.Goodwill and Long‑Lived Intangible Assets. In accordance with the authoritative guidance regarding the accounting forimpairments or disposals of long‑lived assets and the authoritative guidance for the accounting for goodwill and other intangibleassets, we evaluate the carrying value of our long‑lived assets, including property and equipment, whenever events or changes incircumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss exists when estimatedundiscounted cash flows attributable to non‑current assets subject to depreciation and amortization and discounted cash flows forintangible assets not subject to amortization are less than their carrying amount. If an asset is deemed to be impaired, the amountof the impairment loss recognized represents the excess of the asset’s carrying value as compared to its estimated fair value, basedon management’s assumptions and projections.Our estimates of the future cash flows attributable to our long‑lived assets and the fair value of our businesses involvesignificant uncertainty. Those estimates are based on management’s assumptions of future results, growth trends and industryconditions. If those estimates are not met, we could have additional impairment charges in the future, and the amounts may bematerial.75 Table of ContentsWe also assess the carrying value of goodwill and indefinite‑lived intangible assets on an annual basis or morefrequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. The carryingvalue of each reporting unit, including goodwill assigned to that reporting unit, is compared to its fair value. If the fair value ofthe reporting unit does not exceed the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill, an analysis is performed todetermine if an impairment charge should be recorded.In the second quarter of 2016, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment of $7.5 million in its US TelecomSegment. Refer to Note 7. We performed our annual impairment assessment of our goodwill as of December 31, 2016 and it wasdetermined that no additional goodwill impairment existed during the year ended December 31, 2016.We assess the recoverability of the value of our telecommunications licenses using a market approach. We believe that ourtelecommunications licenses generally have an indefinite life based on historical ability to renew such licenses, that such renewalsmay be obtained indefinitely and at little cost, and that the related technology used is not expected to be replaced in theforeseeable future. If the value of these assets was impaired by some factor, such as an adverse change in the subsidiary’soperating market, we may be required to record an impairment charge. We test the impairment of our telecommunicationslicenses annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that such assets might be impaired. Theimpairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of telecommunications licenses with their carrying amount on a licenseby license basis.In the third quarter of 2016, the Company recorded an impairment of $0.3 million to a tradename in its InternationalTelecom Segment. Refer to Note 7. We performed our annual impairment assessment of our telecommunications licenses andother intangibles as of December 31, 2016 and it was determined that no additional impairments of any intangible assets existedduring the year ended December 31, 2016.Contingencies. We are subject to proceedings, lawsuits, tax audits and other claims related to lawsuits and other legaland regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business as further described in Note 13 to the ConsolidatedFinancial Statements included in this Report. We are required to assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes tothese matters as well as potential ranges of probable losses. A determination of the amount of loss accruals required, if any, forthese contingencies are made after careful analysis of each individual issue. We consult with legal counsel and other expertswhere necessary in connection with our assessment of any contingencies. The required accrual for any such contingency maychange materially in the future due to new developments or changes in each matter. We estimate these contingencies amount toapproximately $44.1 million at December 31, 2016. We believe that some adverse outcome is probable and have accordinglyaccrued $5.0 million as of December 31, 2016 for these matters.Recent Accounting Pronouncement sIn May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, which provides a single,comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers. The revenue standard is based on the principle thatrevenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects theconsideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard may be appliedretrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initialapplication. On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved the deferral of the new standard's effective date by one year. The new standardis now effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The FASB will permit companies to adopt thenew standard early, but not before the original effective date of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. InMarch 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Principal Versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross Versus Net).” In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing.” In May 2016, the FASBissued ASU 2016-12, “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical E xpedients.” In December 2016, the FASB issuedAccounting Standards Update 2016-20, “ Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts withCustomers. ” These updates provide additional adoption guidance and clarification to ASU 2014-09. The amendments must beadopted concurrently. We are currently evaluating the overall impact and the method of adoption of ASU 2014-09, including thelatest developments from the Transition Resources Group. Areas most likely impacted may include, but not be limited to, thefollowing: the timing of revenue recognition and the allocation of revenue between equipment and76 Table of Contentsservices, In addition, the new standard may require certain amounts be recorded in accounts receivable and deferred revenues onthe balance sheet and enhanced disclosures around performance obligations. Our final determination of the adoption methodologywill depend on a number of factors, such as the significance of the impact of the new standard on the financial results, data andinformation available at recently acquired businesses, system readiness and the ability to accumulate and analyze the informationnecessary to assess the impact on prior period financial statements and new disclosure requirements. We do not currently know orcannot reasonably estimate quantitative information related to the impact of the new standard on our Consolidated FinancialStatements. We will adopt the standard on January 1, 2018. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40),” which requires management to assess a company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnotedisclosures in certain circumstances. ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016.Early application is permitted. We adopted this guidance for the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2016. The adoption of thisguidance did not impact our Consolidated Financial Statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs”, which amends thepresentation of debt issuance costs on the consolidated balance sheet. Under the new guidance, debt issuance costs are presentedas a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability rather than as an asset. We retrospectively adopted ASU 2015-03 on January 1, 2016 and determined that its adoption had no material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements andrelated disclosures. This is a change in accounting principle In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, “Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud ComputingArrangement”, which provides guidance about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes software and how to account forthat software license. The new guidance does not change the accounting for a customer’s accounting for service contracts. Thestandard is effective beginning January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied prospectively orretrospectively. We do not expect ASU 2015-05 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results ofoperations or cash flows. In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, “Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-PeriodAdjustments”, which provides updated guidance related to simplifying the accounting for measurement period adjustmentsrelated to business combinations. The amended guidance eliminates the requirement to retrospectively account for adjustmentsmade during the measurement period. The standard was adopted January 1, 2016, and did not have a material impact on ourconsolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”, which provides comprehensive leaseaccounting guidance. The standard requires entities to recognize lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet as well asdisclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 will become effective for fiscal years, and interimperiods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluatingthe impact of the new guidance on our Consolidated Financial Statements.In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to EmployeeShare-Based Payment Accounting”. The standard is intended to simplify several areas of accounting for share-basedcompensation arrangements, including the income tax impact, classification on the statement of cash flows and forfeitures. ASU2016-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016, and earlyadoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on our Consolidated FinancialStatements.In August 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” which providesfurther clarification on eight cash flow classification issues. The standard further clarifies the classification of the following: (i)debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (ii) settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments withcoupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; (iii) contingent considerationpayments made after a business combination; (iv) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (v) proceeds from thesettlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including77 Table of Contentsbank-owned life insurance policies; (vi) distributions received from equity method investees; (vii) beneficial interests insecuritization transactions; and (viii) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. ASU 2016-15 will become effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, withearly adoption permitted. ASU 2016-15 should be applied using a retrospective transition method for each period presented. Weare currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on our Consolidated Financial Statements. In October 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Accounting for Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Asset Transfers of AssetsOther than Inventory . The new standard eliminates for all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory, the exception undercurrent standards that permits the tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers to be deferred until the transferred asset is sold to athird party or otherwise recovered through use. As a result, a reporting entity would recognize the tax expense from the sale of theasset in the seller’s tax jurisdiction when the transfer occurs. Any deferred tax asset that arises in the buyer’s jurisdiction wouldalso be recognized at the time of the transfer. The new standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. We arecurrently evaluating the potential impact that this standard may have on our results of operations. In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-18, “ Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230):Restricted Cash ,” or ASU 2016-18. The amendments in ASU 2016-18 are intended to reduce diversity in practice related to theclassification and presentation of changes in restricted or restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. Theamendments in ASU 2016-18 require that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents beincluded with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on thestatement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for annual reporting periods, including interim periods within those periods,beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluation the potential impact that thisstandard may have on our Consolidated Financial Statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805):Clarifying the Definition of a Business,” or ASU 2017-01. The amendments in ASU 2017-01 provide a screen to assist entitieswith evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. Under ASU2017-01, an entity first determines whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in asingle identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If this threshold is met, the set is not a business. If it’s not met,the entity then evaluates whether the set meets the requirement that a business include, at a minimum, an input and a substantiveprocess that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. ASU 2017-01 also narrows the definition of outputsby more closely aligning it with how outputs are described in ASC 606. ASU 2017-01 is effective for annual reporting periods,including interim periods within those periods, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. Weprospectively adopted ASU 2017-01 in the fourth quarter of 2016. The standard will result in our accounting for moretransactions as asset acquisitions as opposed to business combination. In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-04, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350):Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” or ASU 2017-04. The amendments in ASU 2017-04 simplify the subsequentmeasurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value ofgoodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assetsand liabilities. Instead, under the amendments in ASU 2017-04, an entity performs its annual, or interim, goodwill impairmenttest by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognizes an impairment charge for the amountby which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, but not more than the total amount of goodwill allocated tothe reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual reporting periods, including interim periods within those periods,beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluation the potential impact that thisstandard may have on our Consolidated Financial Statements. 78 Table of Contents ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RIS K Translation and Remeasurement, We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respectivefunctional currencies, primarily the Indian Rupee and the Guyana Dollar, to U.S. dollars at the appropriate spot rates as of thebalance sheet date. Changes in the carrying value of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in spot rates arerecognized in foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of AOCI. Income statement accounts are translated using themonthly average exchange rates during the year. During February 2017, we noted an increase in the Guyana Dollar exchange ratewhich could have a negative impact on our financial results. We will continue to assess the impact of its exposure to the Guyanadollar in future periods. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from a reporting entity’s functional currencymust first be remeasured from the applicable currency to the legal entity’s functional currency. The effect of this remeasurementprocess is reported in other income on the income statement. Employee Benefit Plan. The company sponsors pension and other postretirement benefit plans for employees of certainsubsidiaries. Net periodic pension expense is recognized in the Company’s income statement. The Company recognizes apension or other postretirement plan’s funded status as either an asset or liability in its consolidated balance sheet. Actuarialgains and losses are reported as a component of other comprehensive income and amortized through net periodic pension expensein subsequent periods. Interest Rate Sensitivity. As of December 31, 2016, we had $28.5 million of variable rate debt outstanding, which weassumed as a part of the One Communications Acquisition and is subject to fluctuations in interest rates. Our interest expensemay be affected by changes in interest rates. We believe that a 10% increase in the interest rates on our variable rate debt wouldhave an immaterial impact on our Financial Statements. We may have additional exposure to fluctuations in interest rates if weagain borrow amounts under our revolver loan within our Credit Facility. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATAThe response to this item is submitted as a separate section to this Report. See “Item 15. Exhibits, Financial StatementSchedules.”ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIALDISCLOSURENone.ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURE SEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedure sOur management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated theeffectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2016. Disclosure controls and procedures, as definedin Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controlsand other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reportsthat it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specifiedin the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, withoutlimitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that itfiles or submits under the Exchange Act is79 Table of Contentsaccumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, orpersons performing similar functions as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Managementrecognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance ofachieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost‑benefit relationship of possiblecontrols and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2016, our ChiefExecutive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures wereeffective at the reasonable assurance level.Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a‑15(f) and 15d‑15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act, as aprocess designed by, or under the supervision of, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer or persons performingsimilar functions, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assuranceregarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance withgenerally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:·Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions anddispositions of our assets;·Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financialstatements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures arebeing made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and·Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use ordisposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. Inmaking this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of theTreadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013). Our evaluation of, and conclusion on, theeffectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of KeyTech Limited (“Keytech”)and Caribbean Asset Holdings LLC (“Innovative”), because they were acquired by the Company in purchase businesscombinations during 2016. KeyTech represents approximately 11% and 12% of our total assets and revenues, respectively, as ofand for the year ended December 31, 2016. Innovative represents approximately 12% and 12% of our total assets and revenues,respectively, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016. Based on its assessment, management concluded that, as ofDecember 31, 2016, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.Our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 has been audited byPricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears onpage F‑2.Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting .There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a‑15(f) and 15d‑15(f)under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2016 that have materially affected, or arereasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATIO NEffective February 27, 2017, our Board of Directors approved amendments to our Amended and Restated By‑Laws toimplement majority voting in director elections. Under the newly-adopted bylaw provisions, each director will be elected by thevote of the majority of the votes cast with respect to that director’s election, except that in a contested election as defined in theBy-Laws, directors will be elected by plurality vote. For purposes of these provisions, a majority of votes80 Table of Contentscast shall mean that the number of votes cast “for” a director’s election exceeds the number of votes cast “against” that director’selection, with “abstentions” and “broker non-votes” not counted as a vote cast either “for” or “against” that director’s election.If, in an election that is not a contested election, an incumbent director does not receive a majority of the votes cast, thenewly-adopted bylaw provisions require that such director submit an irrevocable resignation to the Nominating and CorporateGovernance Committee of the Board. The committee will make a recommendation to the Board as to whether to accept or rejectthe resignation of such incumbent director, or whether other action should be taken. The Board will act on the resignation, takinginto account the committee’s recommendation, and publicly disclose (by filing an appropriate disclosure with the Securities andExchange Commission) its decision regarding the resignation within 90 days following certification of the election results. Thecommittee in making its recommendation and the Board of Directors in making its decision each may consider any factors andother information that they consider appropriate and relevant.If the Board accepts a director’s resignation pursuant to the newly-adopted bylaw provisions, or if a nominee for director isnot elected and the nominee is not an incumbent director, the Board may fill the resulting vacancy pursuant to Article III,Section 11 of the By-Laws.Prior to these amendments, director elections were conducted by plurality vote in all cases.The amendments also include certain minor clarifying and updating changes. This summary of the amendments to ourAmended and Restated By-Laws is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Amended and Restated By-Laws,which is filed as Exhibit 3.4 to this Report and is incorporated into this Item 9B by reference. PART II IITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCEThe following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers and directors as of March 1, 2017: Name Age PositionMichael T. Prior 52 President, Chief Executive Officer and DirectorJustin D. Benincasa 54 Chief Financial OfficerBarry C. Fougere 52 Executive Vice President, Business OperationsWilliam F. Kreisher 54 Senior Vice President, Corporate DevelopmentLeonard Q. Slap 57 Senior Vice President, General Counsel and SecretaryCornelius B. Prior, Jr. 83 ChairmanBernard Bulkin 74 DirectorMartin L. Budd 76 DirectorMichael T. Flynn 68 DirectorLiane J. Pelletier 59 DirectorCharles J. Roesslein 68 DirectorExecutive OfficersMichael T. Prior has been our President and Chief Executive Officer since December 2005 and an officer of theCompany since June 2003. He was elected to the Board in May 2008. Previous to joining the Company, Mr. Prior was a partnerwith Q Advisors LLC, a Denver based investment banking and financial advisory firm focused on the technology andtelecommunications sectors. Mr. Prior began his career as a corporate attorney with Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LP inLondon and New York. He received a B.A. degree from Vassar College and a J.D. degree summa cum laude from Brooklyn LawSchool. Mr. Prior currently serves on the Board of Directors of the Competitive Carriers Association. In 2008, Mr. Prior wasnamed Entrepreneur of the Year for the New England Region by Ernst & Young LLP and One of America’s Best CEOs byDeMarche Associates, Inc.81 Table of ContentsJustin D. Benincasa is our Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining us in May 2006, Mr. Benincasa was a Principal atWindover Development, LLC since 2004. From 1998 to 2004, he was Executive Vice President of Finance and Administration atAmerican Tower Corporation, a leading wireless and broadcast communications infrastructure company, where he managedfinance and accounting, treasury, IT, tax, lease administration and property management. Prior to that, he was Vice President andCorporate Controller at American Radio Systems Corporation and held accounting and finance positions at AmericanCablesystems Corporation. Mr. Benincasa holds an M.B.A. degree from Bentley University and a B.A. degree from theUniversity of Massachusetts.Barry C. Fougere is our Executive Vice President, Business Operations. Prior to joining us in 2014, Mr. Fougere servedas a Partner in multiple advisory services firms (A.T.Kearney, Heidrick & Struggles, Cambridge Strategic Management Groupand Sunapee Advisors,) where he focused on telecommunications, high tech, and other technology‑enabled client companies.Mr. Fougere has also served as Chief Executive Officer of several smaller information‑ and technology‑intensive companies(Colubris Networks, BigBelly Solar and BroadStar Energy Solutions). Mr. Fougere serves on the boards of a number of industryand nonprofit organizations, including the Massachusetts Technology Leadership Council. He holds an M.B.A. degree from theKellogg School and an M.E.M. degree from the McCormick School of Northwestern University, an M.S. degree in mechanicalengineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Worcester PolytechnicInstitute.William F. Kreisher is our Senior Vice President, Corporate Development. Prior to joining us in 2007, Mr. Kreisherwas Vice President—Corporate Development at Cingular Wireless (now AT&T Mobility) since 2004. He was part of thecorporate development team at Cingular since its formation and spent five years at Bell South before that as a Director of Finance,the acting Chief Financial Officer at its broadband and video division, and as a senior manager in its mergers and acquisitionsgroup. Mr. Kreisher is a more than twenty‑five year veteran of the telecommunications industry, having also worked with MCITelecommunications and Equant. Mr. Kreisher holds a Masters in Business Administration from Fordham University and aBachelor of Arts degree from the Catholic University of America.Leonard Q. Slap is our Senior Vice President and General Counsel. Prior to joining us in May 2010, Mr. Slap was apartner at the law firm of Edwards Angell Palmer & Dodge LLP, where for twenty‑five years he represented investors andcompanies in a variety of U.S. and international business transactions, including venture capital and private equity investments,mergers and acquisitions, debt financings and workouts. Mr. Slap focused on transactions involving U.S. and internationalcommunications businesses, including broadcast, wireline, wireless broadband telecommunications, information technology andother media. Mr. Slap received a B.S. degree, magna cum laude , from Boston College and a J.D. degree, with honors, fromGeorge Washington University School of Law.Non-Employee DirectorsCornelius B. Prior, Jr. is the Chairman of our Board of Directors. He served as our Chief Executive Officer andChairman of the Board from 1998 through December 2005, at which time he retired as Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Prior hasserved as the Chairman of CANTO (the Caribbean Association of National Telecommunication Organizations) and presently isthe Chairman of CCAA (Caribbean and Central American Action). He was a managing director and stockholder of Kidder,Peabody & Co. Incorporated, where he directed the Telecommunications Finance Group. A former Naval Officer and FulbrightScholar, Mr. Prior started his career as an attorney with Sullivan & Cromwell in New York. He is a Trustee of Holy CrossCollege and former member of the Visiting Committee to Harvard Law School. He resides in St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands,where he is Chairman of the Forum, a not-for-profit arts organization, and Honorary Trustee of the Antilles School. He is also aDirector of the Kneissel Music School in Blue Hill, Maine and a director of the University of North Carolina Medical SchoolOphthalmology Research Institute. He is the father of Michael T. Prior, our President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Priorearned his legal degree from the Harvard Law School.Martin L. Budd has been a director of ours since May 2007, and is the Chair of our Compensation Committee and amember of our Audit Committee. He retired as a partner of the law firm of Day, Berry and Howard LLP (now Day Pitney LLP)effective December 31, 2006. Mr. Budd chaired that firm’s Business Law Department and its Business Section and had particularexpertise in federal securities laws, merger and acquisition transactions and strategic joint ventures. Mr. Budd is Chairman of theConnecticut Appleseed Center for Law and Justice and has served on the Legal82 Table of ContentsAdvisory Board of the National Association of Securities Dealers. He is a member of the National Executive Committee of theAnti-Defamation League and is the former chairman, and currently serves as a member of, the Board of Trustees of the HartfordSeminary. Mr. Budd also serves on the Board of the "I Have a Dream" Foundation. Mr. Budd earned his legal degree from theHarvard Law School.Bernard Bulkin has been a director of ours since March 2016 and is a member of our Nominating and CorporateGovernance Committee. Dr. Bulkin brings particular expertise in the field of renewable energy. He held several seniormanagement roles in his throughout his approximately twenty- year career at British Petroleum, including Director of the refiningbusiness, Vice President Environmental Affairs, and Chief Scientist and left BP in 2003. He is currently a Director of LudgateInvestments Limited,K3Solar Ltd., IDSolar Power Ltd, and Sustainable Power Ltd, and is a member of the FTSE EnvironmentalMarkets Advisory Committee. Dr. Bulkin has served on the boards of Severn Trent plc, HMN Colmworth Ltd., Chemrec ABand REAC Fuel AB, each a Swedish biofuel technology developer, and Ze-gen Corporation, a renewable energy company, andchaired the boards of two UK public companies: AEA Technology plc (from 2005 until 2009) and Pursuit Dynamics Plc (from2011 until 2013). Dr. Bulkin served as Chair of the UK Office of Renewable Energy from 2010 until 2013, and has held severalother UK government roles in sustainable energy and transport. He earned a B.S. in Chemistry from the Polytechnic Institute ofBrooklyn and a Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from Purdue University. Dr. Bulkin is a Professorial Fellow at the University ofCambridge and is the author of Crash Course , published in March 2015. He was awarded the Honour of Officer of the Order ofthe British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours List.Michael T. Flynn has been a director of ours since June 2010 and is a member of our Audit and CompensationCommittees. He is currently a director of Airspan Networks, Inc., a provider of wireless broadband equipment and CALIX, Inc., amanufacturer of broadband equipment. Mr. Flynn has forty years of experience in the telecommunications wireline and wirelessbusinesses, and spent ten years as an officer at Alltel Corporation prior to his retirement in 2004. He also previously served as anofficer of Southwestern Bell Telephone Co. and its parent SBC Communications from 1987 to 1994. Mr. Flynn has previouslyserved on the board of directors of WebEx Communications, Inc., a provider of internet collaboration services, Equity MediaHolding Corporation, an owner and operator of television stations throughout the United States, iLinc Communications, Inc., aprovider of SaS web collaboration and GENBAND, a worldwide leader of next generation network systems. Mr. Flynn received aBachelor of Science degree in Industrial Engineering from Texas A&M University and attended the Dartmouth Institute and theHarvard Graduate School of Business’ Advanced Management Program.Liane J. Pelletier has been a director of ours since June 2012, and is the Chair of our Nominating and CorporateGovernance Committee and a member of our Compensation Committee. Ms. Pelletier has over twenty-five years of experience inthe telecommunications industry. From October 2003 through April 2011, she served as the Chief Executive Officer andChairman of Alaska Communications Systems and prior to that time, served as the former Senior Vice President of CorporateStrategy and Business Development for Sprint Corporation. Ms. Pelletier earned her M.S. in Management at the Sloan School ofBusiness at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a B.A. in Economics, magna cum laude, from Wellesley College.Ms. Pelletier currently serves on the Board of Directors of Expeditors International and as President of the National Associationof Corporate Directors (“NACD”), Northwest Chapter. Ms. Pelletier is a NACD Board Leadership Fellow.Charles J. Roesslein has been a director of ours since April 2002 and is the Chair of our Audit Committee and amember of our Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees. He has been a director of NationalInstruments Corporation since July 2000 and is the Co-Founder of Austin Tele-Services Partners, LP, a telecommunicationsprovider, for whom he served as Chief Executive Officer from 2004 to January 2016. He is a retired officer of SBCCommunications. Mr. Roesslein previously served as Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Executive Officerof Prodigy Communications Corporation from June of 2000 until December of 2000. He served as President and Chief ExecutiveOfficer of SBC-CATV from October 1999 until May 2000, and as President and Chief Executive Officer of SBC TechnologyResources from August 1997 to October 1999.Additional information required by this Item 10 regarding our directors and executive officers will be set forth in our DefinitiveProxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (or “2017 Proxy Statement”) under83 Table of Contents“Election of Directors” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” and is incorporated herein by reference.Required information regarding our audit committee financial experts and identification of the audit committee of our Board ofDirectors will be set forth in our 2017 Proxy Statement under “Corporate Governance” and is incorporated herein by reference.Information regarding our Code of Ethics applicable to our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer,our controller and other senior financial officers appears in Item 1 of this Report under the caption “Business—AvailableInformation.” ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONInformation required by this Item 11 regarding executive and director compensation will be set forth in our 2017 ProxyStatement under “Executive Officer Compensation” and “Director Compensation” and is incorporated herein by reference.ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATEDSTOCKHOLDER MATTERSInformation required by this Item 12 regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners, directors and executiveofficers will be set forth in our 2017 Proxy Statement under “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management”and is incorporated herein by reference.Information required by this Item 12 regarding our equity compensation plans will be set forth in our 2017 ProxyStatement under “Executive Officer Compensation—Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans” andis incorporated herein by reference.ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCEInformation required by this Item 13 regarding certain relationships and related transactions will be set forth in our 2017Proxy Statement under “Related Person Transactions” and is incorporated herein by reference.ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICESInformation required by this Item 14 regarding auditor fees and services will be set forth in our 2017 Proxy Statementunder “Independent Auditor” and is incorporated herein by reference.84 Table of ContentsPART I VITEM 15. EXHIBIT S, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES(a)The following documents are filed as part of this Report:(1)Financial Statements. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements, which appears on page F‑1 hereof. Thefinancial statements listed in the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements are filed herewith inresponse to this Item 15.(2)Schedule II. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts.(3)Exhibits. See Index to Exhibits. The exhibits listed in the Index to Exhibits immediately preceding the exhibits arefiled herewith in response to this Item 15. ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMAR YNone 85 Table of ContentsSIGNATURE SPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has dulycaused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Beverly, Massachusetts on the 1 day of March, 2017. ATN International, Inc. By:/s/ Michael T. Prior Michael T. Prior President and Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 this report has been signed below by the followingpersons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on the 1 day of March, 2017. Signature Title/s/ Michael T. Prior President, Chief Executive Officer and DirectorMichael T. Prior (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Justin D. Benincasa Chief Financial OfficerJustin D. Benincasa (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) /s/ Cornelius B. Prior, Jr. ChairmanCornelius B. Prior, Jr. /s/ Martin L. Budd DirectorMartin L. Budd /s/ Bernard J. Bulkin DirectorBernard J. Bulkin /s/ Michael T. Flynn DirectorMichael T. Flynn /s/ Liane J. Pelletier DirectorLiane J. Pelletier /s/ Charles J. Roesslein DirectorCharles J. Roesslein 86 stst Table of ContentsATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT S AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULEDecember 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014INDEX REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM F‑2FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Consolidated Balance Sheets—December 31, 2016 and 2015 F‑4Consolidated Income Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 F‑5Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 F‑6Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 F‑7Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 F‑8NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F‑9FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 F‑55 F-1 Table of ContentsReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting Fir mTo Board of Directors and Stockholders ofATN International, Inc.:In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, thefinancial position of ATN International, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, and the results oftheir operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statementschedule listed in the accompanying index presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read inconjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all materialrespects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in InternalControl - Integrated Framework 2013 issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission(COSO). The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, formaintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control overfinancial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Ourresponsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Company'sinternal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standardsof the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the auditsto obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effectiveinternal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements includedexamining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accountingprinciples used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Ouraudit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting,assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internalcontrol based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in thecircumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding thereliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generallyaccepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions ofthe assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation offinancial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of thecompany are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’sassets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also,projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequatebecause of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. F-2 Table of ContentsAs described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management has excluded the KeyTechLimited (“KeyTech”) and Caribbean Asset Holdings LLC (“Innovative”) entities from its assessment of internal control overfinancial reporting as of December 31, 2016 because both entities were acquired by the Company in purchase businesscombinations during 2016. We have also excluded KeyTech and Innovative from our audit of internal control over financialreporting. KeyTech is a subsidiary whose total assets and total revenues represent 11% and 12%, respectively, of the relatedconsolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016. Innovative is a wholly-ownedsubsidiary whose total assets and total revenues represent 12% and 12%, respectively, of the related consolidated financialstatement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPBoston, MassachusettsMarch 1, 2017 F-3 Table of ContentsATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31, 2016 and 2015(In Thousands, Except Share Data) December 31, December 31, 2016 2015 ASSETS Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $269,721 $392,045 Restricted cash 524 824 Short-term investments 9,237 — Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $13.1 million and $9.3 million, respectively 45,419 39,020 Materials and supplies 14,365 8,220 Prepayments and other current assets 28,103 28,383 Total current assets 367,369 468,492 Fixed Assets: Property, plant and equipment 1,138,362 807,247 Less accumulated depreciation (490,650) (433,744) Net fixed assets 647,712 373,503 Telecommunication licenses, net 48,291 43,468 Goodwill 62,873 45,077 Customer relationships, net 15,029 1,081 Restricted cash 18,113 5,477 Other assets 38,831 7,906 Total assets $1,198,218 $945,004 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Current Liabilities: Current portion of long-term debt $12,440 $6,284 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 92,708 54,289 Dividends payable 5,487 5,142 Accrued taxes 13,531 9,181 Advance payments and deposits 25,529 9,459 Other current liabilities 410 — Total current liabilities 150,105 84,355 Deferred income taxes 46,622 45,406 Other liabilities 47,939 26,944 Long-term debt, excluding current portion 144,383 26,575 Total liabilities 389,049 183,280 Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) ATN International, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity: Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding — — Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 16,971,634 and 16,828,576 sharesissued, respectively, and 16,138,983 and 16,067,736 shares outstanding respectively 169 168 Treasury stock, at cost; 832,652 and 760,840 shares, respectively (23,127) (18,254) Additional paid-in capital 160,176 154,768 Retained earnings 538,109 547,321 Accumulated other comprehensive income / (loss) 1,728 (3,704) Total ATN International, Inc. stockholders’ equity 677,055 680,299 Non-controlling interests 132,114 81,425 Total equity 809,169 761,724 Total liabilities and equity $1,198,218 $945,004 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F-4 Table of ContentsATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT SFor the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data) December 31, 2016 2015 2014 REVENUE: Wireless $228,798 $237,042 $241,690 Wireline 188,019 86,485 85,284 Renewable energy 21,608 21,040 — Equipment and other 18,578 10,802 9,373 Total revenue 457,003 355,369 336,347 OPERATING EXPENSES (excluding depreciation and amortization unless otherwise indicated) : Termination and access fees 116,427 77,806 77,888 Engineering and operations 52,902 39,582 30,954 Sales and marketing 31,050 23,898 21,664 Equipment expense 14,342 14,803 13,338 General and administrative 94,293 59,436 52,734 Transaction-related charges 16,279 7,182 2,959 Restructuring charges 1,785 — — Depreciation and amortization 75,980 56,890 51,234 Impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets 11,425 — — Bargain purchase gain (7,304) — — Gain on disposition of long-lived assets 27 (2,823) — Total operating expenses 407,206 276,774 250,771 Income from operations 49,797 78,595 85,576 OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) Interest income 1,239 588 788 Interest expense (5,362) (3,180) (1,208) Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiary — (19,937) — Other income, net (300) 135 1,012 Other expense, net (4,423) (22,394) 592 INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES 45,374 56,201 86,168 Income taxes 21,160 24,137 28,148 INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS 24,214 32,064 58,020 INCOME FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS: Income from discontinued operations, net of tax — 1,092 1,102 NET INCOME 24,214 33,156 59,122 Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax expense of $1.3 million, $1.6 million, and $1.6 million,respectively. (12,113) (16,216) (10,970) NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS $12,101 $16,940 $48,152 NET INCOME PER WEIGHTED AVERAGE BASIC SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC.STOCKHOLDERS: Continuing operations $0.75 $0.99 $2.96 Discontinued operations — 0.07 0.07 Total $0.75 $1.06 $3.03 NET INCOME PER WEIGHTED AVERAGE DILUTED SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC.STOCKHOLDERS: Continuing operations $0.75 $0.98 $2.94 Discontinued operations — 0.07 0.07 Total $0.75 $1.05 $3.01 WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING: Basic 16,131 16,022 15,898 Diluted 16,227 16,142 16,013 DIVIDENDS PER SHARE APPLICABLE TO COMMON STOCK $1.32 $1.22 $1.12 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-5 Table of ContentsATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOMEFor the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014(in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014Net income$24,214 $33,156 $59,122Other comprehensive income: Foreign currency translation adjustment (687) 26 4Unrealized gain on marketable securities 868 — —Projected pension benefit obligation, net of tax expense of $0.7 million, $0.7 million and$0.6 million 5,251 (809) (724)Other comprehensive income, net of tax 5,432 (783) (720)Comprehensive income 29,646 32,373 58,402Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests (12,113) (16,216) (10,970)Comprehensive income attributable to ATN International, Inc.$17,533 $16,157 $47,432The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F-6 Table of ContentsATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITYFor the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2015, and 2016(In Thousands, Except Share Data) Accumulated Total Treasury Additional Other ATNI Non- Common Stock, Paid In Retained Comprehensive Stockholders’ Controlling Total Stock at cost Capital Earnings Income/(Loss) Equity Interests Equity Balance, December 31, 2013 164 (13,389) 139,106 519,651 (2,202) 643,330 56,525 699,855 Issuance of 109,318 restricted shares of common stock — — — — — — — — Issuance of 43,034 shares of common stock upon exerciseof stock options 2 — 1,621 — — 1,623 — 1,623 Purchase of 34,293 shares of common stock — (2,160) — — — (2,160) — (2,160) Stock-based compensation — — 4,324 — — 4,324 — 4,324 Dividends declared on common stock — — — (17,840) — (17,840) (16,331) (34,171) Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation — — 512 — — 513 — 513 Investments made by minority shareholders — — — — — — 9,796 9,796 Comprehensive income: Net income — — — 48,152 — 48,152 10,970 59,122 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $641 — — — — (719) (720) — (720) Total comprehensive income — — — — — 47,432 10,970 58,402 Balance, December 31, 2014 166 (15,549) 145,563 549,963 (2,921) 677,222 60,960 738,182 Issuance of 93,864 restricted shares of common stock 1 — — — — 1 — 1 Issuance of 87,378 shares of common stock upon exerciseof stock options 1 — 2,808 — — 2,809 — 2,809 Purchase of 37,567 shares of common stock — (2,705) — — — (2,705) — (2,705) Stock-based compensation — — 4,974 — — 4,974 — 4,974 Dividends declared on common stock — — — (19,582) — (19,582) (16,715) (36,297) Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation — — 1,423 — — 1,423 — 1,423 Investments made by minority shareholders — — — — — — 951 951 Deconsolidation of subsidiary — — — — — — 20,013 20,013 Comprehensive income: Net income — — — 16,940 — 16,940 16,216 33,156 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $717 — — — — (783) (783) — (783) Total comprehensive income — — — — — 16,157 16,216 32,373 Balance, December 31, 2015 168 (18,254) 154,768 547,321 (3,704) 680,299 81,425 761,724 Issuance of 100,005 restricted shares of common stock — — (1) — — (1) — (1) Issuance of 43,053 shares of common stock upon exerciseof stock options 1 — 1,408 — — 1,409 — 1,409 Purchase of 70,686 shares of common stock — (4,873) — — — (4,873) — (4,873) Stock-based compensation — — 6,440 — — 6,440 — 6,440 Dividends declared on common stock — — — (21,313) — (21,313) (8,848) (30,161) Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation — — 592 — — 592 — 592 Non-controlling interest in equity acquired — — (4,106) — — (4,106) 29,998 25,892 Investments made by minority shareholders — — — — — — 22,409 22,409 Deconsolidation of subsidiary — — — — — — (310) (310) Repurchase of non-controlling interests — — 1,075 — — 1,075 (4,673) (3,598) Comprehensive income: — Net income — — — 12,101 — 12,101 12,113 24,214 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $677 — — — — 5,432 5,432 — 5,432 Total comprehensive income — — — — — 17,533 12,113 29,646 Balance, December 31, 2016 $169 $(23,127) $160,176 $538,109 $1,728 $677,055 $132,114 $809,169 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F-7 Table of ContentsATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFor the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014(In Thousands) December 31, 2016 2015 2014Cash flows from operating activities: Net income$24,214 $33,156 $59,122Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 75,980 56,890 51,234Provision for doubtful accounts 2,454 1,199 1,676Amortization and write off of debt discount and debt issuance costs 505 458 114Stock-based compensation 6,410 4,975 4,323Deferred income taxes (5,636) 17,869 (113)Income from discontinued operations, net of tax — — —Bargain purchase gain (7,304) — —(Gain) Loss on disposition of long-lived assets 27 (2,823) —Gain on sale of discontinued operations — (1,092) (1,102)Impairment of long-lived assets 11,425 — —Pension funding required by Innovative acquisition (22,494) Other non-cash activity 566 — —Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiary — 19,937 —Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions: Accounts receivable 2,601 11,744 (15,264)Materials and supplies, prepayments, and other current assets (8,410) (1,094) (4,817)Income tax receivable — — (2,620)Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, advance payments and deposits and other current liabilities 6,522 (2,385) 7,629Accrued taxes 21,547 9,740 (15,650)Other assets (12,122) (134) (1,833)Other liabilities 15,371 (9,360) —Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations 111,656 139,080 82,699Net cash provided by operating activities of discontinued operations — 158 (4,719)Net cash provided by operating activities 111,656 139,238 77,980Cash flows from investing activities: Capital expenditures (124,282) (64,753) (58,300)Purchase of marketable securities (2,000) — —Acquisition of businesses, net of acquired cash of $12.6 million, $0.0 million, and $6.6 million (146,395) (11,968) (50,361)Restricted cash acquired from acquisition of business — — (5,884)Purchases of spectrum licenses and other intangible assets, including deposits (10,860) — —Acquisition of non-controlling interest in subsidiary (7,045) — —Purchase of short-term investments (7,422) — —Change in restricted cash (12,108) 38,877 38,707Proceeds from disposition of long-lived assets 1,424 5,873 1,371Net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations (308,688) (31,971) (74,467)Cash flows from financing activities: Dividends paid on common stock (20,965) (19,070) (17,488)Proceeds from the issuance of debt 125,800 — —Distribution to non-controlling stockholders (8,632) (16,514) (16,331)Payment of debt issuance costs (2,763) (892) (1,945)Proceeds from stock option exercises 649 1,998 1,129Principal repayments of term loan (33,564) (6,017) —Purchase of common stock (4,114) (1,893) (1,665)Repurchases of non-controlling interests (3,485) — (104)Investments made by minority shareholders in consolidated affiliates 22,408 950 2,500Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 75,334 (41,438) (33,904)Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents (626) — —Net change in cash and cash equivalents (122,324) 65,829 (30,391)Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 392,045 326,216 356,607Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$269,721 $392,045 $326,216Supplemental cash flow information: Interest paid$4,451 $2,724 $2,930Taxes paid$8,237 $9,636 $48,349Dividends declared, not paid$5,487 $5,141 $4,618Noncash investing activity: Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses$16,847 $7,705 $5,136The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-8 Table of ContentsATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT S 1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATION SThe Company is a holding company that, through its operating subsidiaries, (i) provides wireless and wirelinetelecommunications services in North America, Bermuda and the Caribbean, (ii) develops, owns and operates commercialdistributed generation solar power systems in the United States and India, and (iii) owns and operates terrestrial and submarinefiber optic transport systems in the United States and the Caribbean. The Company offers the following principal services:·Wireless. In the United States, the Company offers wholesale wireless voice and data roaming services to national,regional, local and selected international wireless carriers in rural markets located principally in the Southwest andMidwest United States. The Company also offer wireless voice and data services to retail customers in Bermuda,Guyana, the U.S. Virgin Islands and in other smaller markets in the Caribbean and the United States. ·Wireline. The Company’s wireline services include local telephone and data services in Bermuda, Guyana, the U.S.Virgin Islands, and in other smaller markets in the Caribbean and the United States. Our wireline services alsoinclude video services in Bermuda and the U.S Virgin Islands. As of December 31, 2016, the Company also offeredfacilities‑based integrated voice and data communications services and wholesale transport services to enterpriseand residential customers in New England, primarily Vermont, and in New York State. In addition, the Companyoffers wholesale long‑distance voice services to telecommunications carriers.·Renewable Energy. In the United States, the Company provides distributed generation solar power to corporate,utility and municipal customers in Massachusetts, California and New Jersey. Beginning in April 2016, theCompany began developing projects in India to provide distributed generation solar power to corporate and utilitycustomersThe following chart summarizes the operating activities of the Company’s principal subsidiaries, the segments in whichit reports its revenue and the markets it served as of December 31, 2016: Segment Services Markets Tradenames U.S. Telecom Wireless United States (rural markets) Commnet, Choice,Choice NTUAWireless Wireline United States (New England andNew York State) Sovernet, ION,Essextel International Telecom Wireline Guyana, Bermuda, U.S. VirginIslands GTT+, One,Innovative, Logic Wireless Bermuda, Guyana, U.S. VirginIslands One, GTT+,Innovative, Choice Video Services Bermuda, U.S. Virgin Islands,Cayman Islands, British VirginIslands, St. Maarten One, Innovative,Logic, BVI CableTV Renewable Energy Solar United States and India Ahana Renewables,Vibrant Energy The Company actively evaluates potential acquisitions, investment opportunities and other strategic transactions, bothdomestic and international, that meet its return on investment and other criteria. The Company provides management, technical,financial, regulatory, and marketing services to its subsidiaries and typically receives aF-9 Table of ContentsATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT S management fee equal to a percentage of their respective revenue. Management fees from subsidiaries are eliminated inconsolidation.To be consistent with how management allocates resources and assesses the performance of its business operations in 2016, theCompany updated its reportable operating segments in the first quarter of the year to consist of the following: i) U.S. Telecom,consisting of the Company’s former U.S. Wireless and U.S. Wireline segments, ii) International Telecom, consisting of theCompany’s former Island Wireless and International Integrated Telephony segments and the results of its One Communicationsand Innovative Acquisitions as discussed below, and iii) Renewable Energy, consisting of the Company’s former RenewableEnergy segment and the results of its Vibrant Energy Acquisition. The prior year segment information has been recast to conformto the current year’s segment presentation. F-10 Table of Contents2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESBasis of PresentationThe consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its majority-owned subsidiaries and certainentities, which are consolidated in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”)authoritative guidance on the consolidation of variable interest entities since it is determined that the Company is the primarybeneficiary of these entities. Certain reclassifications have been made in the December 31, 2015 financial statements to conform to the Company’sconsolidated income statements to how it analyzes its operations in the current period. These changes did not impact operatingincome. For the year ended December 31, 2015 the aggregate impact of the changes included an increase to termination andaccess fees of $4.1 million, a decrease to engineering and operations expenses of $2.3 million, a decrease to sales and marketingexpenses of $2.4 million and an increase to general and administrative expenses of $0.5 million. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company’s other assets increased primarily due to a deposit to purchasespectrum licenses, a $2.0 million purchase of securities in an unaffiliated entity, $2.1 million of assets acquired in the OneCommunications Acquisition, and $7.6 million of assets acquired in the Innovative Transaction, and $6.3 million related tooperations in the Renewable Energy segment. Use of EstimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United Statesrequires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosureof contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expensesduring the reporting periods. The most significant estimates relate to the allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of theCompany’s fixed and finite-lived intangible assets, allocation of purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed inbusiness combinations, fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets, goodwill and income taxes. Actual results could differsignificantly from those estimates. Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all investments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cashequivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary investments with banks and other institutions that it believes have a highcredit quality. At December 31, 2016, the Company had deposits with banks in excess of FDIC insured limits and $24.3 millionof its cash is on deposit with non‑insured institutions such as corporate money market issuers and cash held in foreign banks. TheCompany’s cash and cash equivalents are not subject to any restrictions (see Note 8). As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, theCompany held $7.5 million and $3.8 million, respectively, of its cash in Guyana dollars. While there are risks associated with theconversion of Guyana dollars to U.S. dollars due to limited liquidity in the Guyana foreign currency markets, to date it has notprevented the Company from converting Guyana dollars into U.S. dollars within a given three month period or from converting ata price that reasonably approximates the reported exchange rate. Short Term InvestmentsThe Company's short-term investments consist of corporate bonds, which have remaining maturities of more than threemonths at the date of purchase, and equity securities classified as available for sale, which are stated at fair value. Unrealizedgains and losses, net of related income taxes, for available for sale securities are reported as net increases and decreases toaccumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. The estimated fair values of investments are based on quotedmarket prices as of the end of the reporting period. The corporate bonds as of December 31, 2016 have contractual maturities ofless than one year. F-11 Table of ContentsRestricted CashThe majority of the Company’s restricted cash balance is held in the Company’s Ahana Renewables subsidiary as described inNote 3. The restricted cash is held in escrow and serves as collateral for Ahana Renewables’ debt in order to meet future debtservice obligations and other operating obligations of the solar facilities.Allowance for Doubtful AccountsThe Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for the estimated probable losses on uncollectible accountsreceivable. The allowance is based upon a number of factors including the credit worthiness of customers, the Company’shistorical experience with customers, the age of the receivable and current market and economic conditions. Such factors arereviewed and updated by the Company on a quarterly basis. Uncollectible amounts are charged against the allowance account.Materials and SuppliesMaterials and supplies primarily include handsets, customer premise equipment, cables and poles and are recorded at thelower of cost or market cost being determined on the basis of specific identification and market determined using replacementcost.Fixed AssetsThe Company’s fixed assets are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight‑line method generally between 3 and39 years. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments that extend the useful lives of fixed assets are capitalized. Repairs andreplacements of minor items of property are charged to maintenance expense as incurred. The cost of fixed assets in service andunder construction includes an allocation of indirect costs applicable to construction. Grants received for the construction ofassets are recognized as a reduction of the cost of fixed assets, a reduction of depreciation expense over the useful lives of theassets and as a reduction of capital expenditures in the statements of cash flows.The fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation is recorded in the period in which it is incurred if areasonable estimate of fair value can be made. In periods subsequent to initial measurement, period‑to‑period changes in theliability for an asset retirement obligation resulting from the passage of time and revisions to either the timing or the amount ofthe original estimate of undiscounted cash flows are recognized. The increase in the carrying value of the associated long‑livedasset is depreciated over the corresponding estimated economic life. The consolidated balance sheets include accruals of$3.2 million and $3.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, for estimated costs associated with assetretirement obligations.In accordance with the authoritative guidance for the accounting for the impairment or disposal of long‑lived assets, theCompany evaluates the carrying value of long‑lived assets, including property and equipment, in relation to the operatingperformance and future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying business whenever events or changes in circumstances indicatethat the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss exists when estimated undiscounted cash flowsattributable to an asset are less than its carrying amount. If an asset is deemed to be impaired, the amount of the impairment lossrecognized represents the excess of the asset’s carrying value as compared to its estimated fair value, based on management’sassumptions and projections.Management’s estimate of the future cash flows attributable to its long‑lived assets and the fair value of its businessesinvolve significant uncertainty. Those estimates are based on management’s assumptions of future results, growth trends andindustry conditions. If those estimates are not met, the Company could have additional impairment charges in the future, and theamounts may be material.See Note 3, Pending Disposition- U.S. Telecom, regarding the Company’s impairment of certain fixed assets.F-12 Table of ContentsGoodwill and Indefinite‑‑Lived Intangible AssetsGoodwill is the amount by which the cost of acquired net assets exceeded the fair value of those net assets on the date ofacquisition. The Company allocates goodwill to reporting units at the time of acquisition and bases that allocation on whichreporting units will benefit from the acquired assets and liabilities. Reporting units are defined as operating segments or one levelbelow an operating segment, referred to as a component. The Company has determined that its reporting units are components ofits multiple operating segments. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter or morefrequently when events and circumstances occur indicating that the recorded goodwill may be impaired. If the book value of areporting unit exceeds its fair value, the implied fair value of goodwill is compared with the carrying amount of goodwill. If thecarrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value, an impairment loss is recorded equal to that excess.A significant majority of the Company’s telecommunications licenses are not amortized and are carried at their historicalcosts. The Company believes that telecommunications licenses generally have an indefinite life based on the historical ability torenew such licenses, that such renewals may be obtained indefinitely and at little cost, and that the related technology used is notexpected to be replaced in the foreseeable future. The Company has elected to perform its annual testing of itstelecommunications licenses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more often if events or circumstances indicate that theremay be impairment. If the value of these assets were impaired by some factor, such as an adverse change in the subsidiary’soperating market, the Company may be required to record an impairment charge. The impairment test consists of a comparison ofthe fair value of telecommunications licenses with their carrying amount on a license by license basis and as a part of the test theCompany assesses the appropriateness of the application of the indefinite‑lived assertion.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company performed its annual impairment assessment of its goodwill andindefinite‑lived intangible assets (telecommunications licenses) and determined that no impairment charge was required. SeeNote 7 for a discussion of the Company’s quantitative and qualitative tests of its goodwill. See Note 3, Pending Disposition- U.S.Telecom, regarding the Company’s impairment of certain fixed assets and goodwill. Other Intangible Assets Intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of entities accounted for using the purchase method of accounting areestimated by management based on the fair value of assets acquired. These include acquired customer relationships, tradenames,and franchise rights.Customer relationships are amortized over their estimated lives ranging from 7-13 years, which are based on the patternin which economic benefit of the customer relationship is estimated to be realized.DebtDebt is measured at amortized cost. Debt issuance costs on term loans and specified maturity borrowings are recorded asa reduction to the carrying value of the debt and are amortized as interest expense in the consolidated income statements over theperiod of the debt. Fees related to revolving credit facilities and lines of credit are recorded in other assets in the consolidatedbalance sheet and are amortized as interest expense in the consolidated income statements over the life of the facility. Except forinterest costs incurred for the construction of a qualifying asset which are capitalized during the period the assets are prepared fortheir intended use, interest costs are expensed.Non‑‑Controlling InterestsThe non‑controlling interests in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets reflect the original investments by theminority stockholders in GTT, Commnet’s consolidated subsidiaries, One Communications, Innovative, Sovernet and itsconsolidated subsidiaries and Ahana Renewables, along with their proportional share of the earnings or losses, net of anydistributions.F-13 Table of ContentsChanges in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), by component, were as follows (in thousands): Projected Pension Benefit Translation Short Term Obligation Adjustment Investment Total Balance at December 31, 2013 $(1,949) (253) — (2,202) Adjust funded status of pension plan, net of tax of $0.6 million (723) — — (723) Foreign currency translation adjustment — 4 — 4 Balance at December 31, 2014 (2,672) (249) — (2,921) Adjust funded status of pension plan, net of tax of $0.7 million (809) — — (809) Foreign currency translation adjustment — 26 — 26 Balance at December 31, 2015 (3,481) (223) — (3,704) Adjust funded status of pension plan, net of tax of $0.7 million 5,251 — — 5,251 Foreign currency translation adjustment — (687) — (687) Unrealized gain on marketable securities — — 868 868 Balance at December 31, 2016 $1,770 $(910) $868 $1,728 Amounts totaling $1.3 million, $0.2 million, and $0.2 million were reclassified from other comprehensive income togeneral and administrative operating expense related to the Company’s defined pension plans for the years ending December 31,2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively . Revenue Recognition- TelecommunicationsService revenues are primarily derived from providing access to and usage of the Company’s networks and facilities.Access revenues from postpaid customers are generally billed one month in advance and are recognized over the period that thecorresponding service is rendered to customers. Revenues derived from usage of the Company’s networks, including airtime,roaming, long‑distance and Universal Service Fund revenues, are recognized when the services are provided and are included inunbilled revenues until billed to the customer. Prepaid airtime sold to customers is recorded as deferred revenue prior to thecommencement of services and is recognized when the airtime is used or expires. The Company offers enhanced servicesincluding caller identification, call waiting, call forwarding, three‑way calling, voice mail, and text and picture messaging, as wellas downloadable wireless data applications, including ringtones, music, games, and other informational content. Generally, theseenhanced features generate additional service revenues through monthly subscription fees or increased usage through utilizationof the features. Other optional services such as equipment protection plans may also be provided for a monthly fee and are eithersold separately or bundled and included in packaged rate plans. Revenues from enhanced features and optional services arerecognized when earned. Access and usage‑based services are billed throughout the month based on the bill cycle assigned to aparticular customer. As a result of billing cycle cut‑off times, management must estimate service revenues earned but not yetbilled at the end of each reporting period.Sales of communications products including wireless handsets and accessories represent a separate earnings process andare recognized when the products are delivered to and accepted by customers. The Company accounts for transactions involvingboth the activation of service and the sale of equipment in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the accounting forrevenue arrangements with multiple deliverables. Fees assessed to communications customers to activate service are not aseparate unit of accounting and are allocated to the delivered item (equipment) and recognized as product sales to the extent thatthe aggregate proceeds received from the customer for the equipment and activation fee do not exceed the relative fair value ofthe equipment. Commissions paid to third parties are expensed as incurred and included in sales and marketing expenses.F-14 Table of ContentsWholesale revenues are those revenues generated from providing voice or data services to the customers of otherwireless carriers principally through “roaming” agreements, and the revenue is recognized over the period that the service isrendered to customers.Sales and use and state excise taxes collected from customers that are remitted to the governmental authorities arereported on a net basis and excluded from the revenues and sales.Revenue Recognition-Renewable Energy Revenue from the Company’s Renewable Energy segment is generated from the sale of electricity through long-termpower purchase agreements (“PPA’s”) with various customers, or hosts, that range from 10 to 25 years. The Company, which isrequired to sell all generated power to the hosts, recognizes revenue from the PPA’s as electricity is generated and sold atcontractual rates as defined within the respective PPA. The Company’s Renewable Energy segment also generates revenue from the sale of Solar Renewable Energy Credits(“SRECs”). Revenue is recognized as SRECs are sold through long-term purchase agreeements at the contractual rate specifiedin the agreement. Expenses Termination and access fee expenses. Termination and access fee expenses are charges that are incurred for voice anddata transport circuits (in particular, the circuits between the Company’s wireless sites and its switches), internet capacity, otheraccess fees incurred to terminate calls, customer bad debt expense, telecommunication spectrum fees and direct costs associatedwith the Company’s Renewable Energy segment. Engineering and operations expenses. Engineering and operations expenses include the expenses associated withdeveloping, operating and supporting the Company’s expanding telecommunications networks and renewable energy operations,including the salaries and benefits incurred to employees directly involved in the development and operation of the Company’snetworks and renewable energy operations. Sales and marketing expenses. Sales and marketing expenses include salaries and benefits incurred to salespersonnel, customer service expenses, sales commissions and the costs associated with the development and implementation ofpromotion and marketing campaigns. Equipment expenses. Equipment expenses include the costs of handset and customer resale equipment in theCompany’s retail businesses. General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses include salaries, benefits and related costsfor general corporate functions including executive management, finance and administration, legal and regulatory, facilities,information technology and human resources. General and administrative expenses also include internal costs associated with theCompany’s performance of due-diligence in connection with acquisition activities. Transaction-related charges. Transaction-related charges include the external costs, such as legal, tax, accounting andconsulting fees directly associated with acquisition and disposition-related activities. Transaction-related charges do not includeinternal costs, such as employee salary and travel-related expenses, incurred in connection with acquisitions or dispositions or anyintegration-related costs. Restructuring charges. Restructuring charges include costs incurred in integrating our newly acquired Companies. Depreciation and amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses represent the depreciation andamortization charges recorded on our property and equipment and intangible assets.F-15 Table of Contents Impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets. The Company evaluates the carrying value of its long‑lived assets,including property and equipment, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an assetmay not be recoverable. An impairment loss exists when estimated undiscounted cash flows attributable to non‑current assetssubject to depreciation and amortization and discounted cash flows for intangible assets not subject to amortization are less thantheir carrying amount. If an asset is deemed to be impaired, the amount of the impairment loss recognized represents the excess ofthe asset’s carrying value as compared to its estimated fair value, based on management’s assumptions and projections.The Company also assesses the carrying value of goodwill and indefinite‑lived intangible assets on an annual basis ormore frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. Thecarrying value of each reporting unit, including goodwill assigned to that reporting unit, is compared to its fair value. If the fairvalue of the reporting unit does not exceed the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill, an analysis is performedto determine if an impairment charge should be recorded. Accounting for GrantsThe Company has received funding from the U.S. Government and its agencies under Stimulus and Universal ServiceFund programs. These funding programs are generally designed to fund telecommunications infrastructure expansion into rural orunderserved areas of the United States. The funding programs are evaluated to determine if they represent funding related tocapital expenditures (capital grants) or operating activities (income grants).Funding received from Stimulus programs is on a cost‑reimbursement basis for capital expenditures incurred by theCompany to expand its network and is considered a capital grant. Accordingly, reimbursements for eligible expenditures underthe Stimulus programs are recorded as a reduction to property, plant and equipment on the Company’s consolidated balancesheets, an investing cash inflow and a future reduction in depreciation expense in the consolidated income statements. Thedepreciable period for the grant is commensurate with the related assets which typically range from 5 to 20 years. As ofDecember 31, 2016, the Company has spent $99.3 million in capital expenditures of which $73.9 million has been or will befunded by the Stimulus programs. Accordingly, funding received for capital expenditures from the Stimulus Programs is recordedas a reduction to property, plant and equipment on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, an investing cash inflow withincapital expenditures and a future reduction in depreciation expense in the consolidated income statements. Funding received foroperating costs is recorded as a reduction to the Company’s operating expenses in its consolidated statements of income and anoperating cash inflow.Funding received from Universal Service Fund programs is received over time for operating the Company’s network incertain rural geographical areas and is considered an income grant. Accordingly, such funding is recognized as operating cashinflows. Once services are provided, revenue is recognized in the Company’s consolidated income statements. During the yearended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 the Company received approximately $17.7 million and $7.9 million,respectively, from the Universal Service Fund programs. Of these amounts, $9.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016and $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 were to support our U.S. Wireless business relating to high‑cost areas.Funding received from the Phase I Mobility Fund, as further described in Note 9, is for the use of both capitalexpenditures and operating costs incurred by the Company. Accordingly, funding received for capital expenditures from thePhase I Mobility Fund is recorded as a reduction to property, plant and equipment on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets,an investing cash inflow within capital expenditures and a future reduction in depreciation expense in the consolidated incomestatements. Funding received for operating costs is recorded as a reduction to the Company’s operating expenses in itsconsolidated income statements and an operating cash inflow.Compliance with grant requirements is reviewed as of December 31, of each year to ensure that conditions related togrants have been met and there is reasonable assurance that the Company will be able to retain the grantF-16 Table of Contentsproceeds and to ensure that any contingencies that may arise from not meeting the conditions are appropriately recognized.Income TaxesThe Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferredtax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financialstatements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between thefinancial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences areexpected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the periodthat includes the enactment date.The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes these assets are more likely thannot to be realized. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, includingfuture reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax‑planning strategies, and results ofrecent operations. If the Company determines that it would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess oftheir net recorded amount, the Company would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which wouldreduce the provision for income taxes.The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process whereby(1) the Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technicalmerits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more‑likely‑than-not recognition threshold, the Companyrecognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with therelated authority. It is possible that the ultimate resolution of these uncertain matters may be greater or less than the amount thatthe Company estimated. If payment of these amounts proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in taxbenefits being recognized in the period in which it is determined that the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the estimate of taxliabilities proves to be more than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result.The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense linein the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Accrued interest and penalties are included within the related taxliability line in the consolidated balance sheets.The Company does not provide for United States income taxes on earnings of foreign subsidiaries as such earnings areconsidered to be indefinitely reinvested.As of December 31, 2014, the Company had deferred taxes that were classified as current and noncurrent assets andliabilities. The Company elected to prospectively adopt ASU 2015-17 as of December 31, 2015, thus reclassifying $3.9 millionof current deferred tax assets and $0.2 million of current deferred tax liabilities to noncurrent on the accompanying consolidatedDecember 31, 2015 balance sheet. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on the Company’s consolidated results of incomeand comprehensive income.Credit Concentrations and Significant CustomersThe Company has been historically dependent on a limited amount of customers for its wholesale roaming business. Thefollowing table indicates the percentage of revenues generated from a single customer that exceeds 10% of the Company’sconsolidated revenue in any of the past three years: Customer 2016 2015 2014 Verizon 12% 19% 16% AT&T 14% 17% 26% No other customer accounted for more than 10% of consolidated revenue in any of the past three years.F-17 Table of ContentsThe following table indicates the percentage of accounts receivable, from customers that exceed 10% of the Company’sconsolidated accounts receivable, net of allowances, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015: Customer 2016 2015 AT&T 17% 17% Verizon 12% 13% Foreign Currency Gains and LossesWe translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional currencies, primarily the IndianRupee and the Guyana Dollar, to U.S. dollars at the appropriate spot rates as of the balance sheet date. Changes in the carryingvalue of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in spot rates are recognized in foreign currency translationadjustment, a component of AOCI. Income statement accounts are translated using the monthly average exchange rates during theyear. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from a reporting entity’s functional currencymust first be remeasured from the applicable currency to the legal entity’s functional currency. The effect of this remeasurementprocess is reported in other income on the income statement. Employee Benefit Plans The company sponsors pension and other postretirement benefit plans for employees of certain subsidiaries. Netperiodic pension expense is recognized in the Company’s income statement. The Company recognizes a pension or otherpostretirement plan’s funded status as either an asset or liability in its consolidated balance sheet. Actuarial gains and losses arereported as a component of other comprehensive income and amortized through net periodic pension expense in subsequentperiods. Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsIn accordance with the provisions of fair value accounting, a fair value measurement assumes that a transaction to sell anasset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the mostadvantageous market for the asset or liability and defines fair value based upon an exit price model.The fair value measurement guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use ofobservable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes three levels ofinputs that may be used to measure fair value:F-18 Table of Contents Level 1Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset and liability occur insufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.Level 1 assets and liabilities include money market funds, debt and equity securities andderivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market. Level 2Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets orliabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observableor can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of theassets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted pricesthat are traded less frequently than exchange‑traded instruments and derivative contractswhose value is determined using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in themarket or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.This category generally includes corporate obligations and non‑exchange tradedderivative contracts. Level 3Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that aresignificant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities includefinancial instruments and intangible assets that have been impaired whose value isdetermined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similartechniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requiressignificant management judgment or estimation. Assets and liabilities of the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 aresummarized as follows: December 31, 2016 Significant Other Quoted Prices in Observable Active Markets Inputs Description (Level 1) (Level 2) Total Certificates of deposit $ — $391 $391 Money market funds $29,027 $ — $29,027 Short term investments $1,751 $7,486 $9,237 Commercial Paper $ — $29,981 $29,981 Total assets measured at fair value $30,778 $37,858 $68,636 December 31, 2015 Significant Other Quoted Prices in Observable Active Markets Inputs Description (Level 1) (Level 2) Total Certificates of deposit $ — $377 $377 Money market funds $76,263 $ — $76,263 Total assets measured at fair value $76,263 $377 $76,640 F-19 Table of ContentsCertificate of DepositAs of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, this asset class consisted of a time deposit at a financial institutiondenominated in U.S. dollars. The asset class is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value wasbased on observable market data.Money Market FundsAs of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, this asset class consisted of a money market portfolio that comprisesFederal government and U.S. Treasury securities. The asset class is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy becauseits underlying investments are valued using quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets.Short Term Investments and Commercial Paper As of December 31, 2016, this asset class consisted of short term foreign and U.S. corporate bonds and equity securities.Corporate bonds are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value is based on observable marketdata. Equity securities are classified within Level 1 because fair value is based on quoted market prices in active markets foridentical assets. Other Fair Value DisclosuresThe carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expensesapproximate their fair values because of the relatively short-term maturities of these financial instruments. The fair value of marketable securities is estimated using Level 2 inputs. At December 31, 2016, the fair value ofmarketable securities approximated its carrying amount of $ 2.0 million and is included in other assets on the consolidatedbalance sheet.The fair value of long-term debt is estimated using Level 2 inputs. At December 31, 2016, the fair value of long-termdebt, including the current portion, was $15 9.9 million and its book value was $ 156.8 million. At December 31, 2015, the fairvalue of the long-term debt, including the current portion, was equal to its carrying amount of $32 .9 million.Net Income Per ShareBasic net income per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to the Company’s stockholders by theweighted‑average number of common shares outstanding during the period and does not include any other potentially dilutivesecurities. Diluted net income per share gives effect to all potentially dilutive securities using the treasury stock method.F-20 Table of ContentsThe reconciliation from basic to diluted weighted average shares of Common Stock outstanding is as follows (inthousands): Year ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Basic weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding 16,131 16,022 15,898 Stock options 96 120 115 Diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding 16,227 16,142 16,013 The following notes the number of potential share Common Stock not included in the above calculation because theeffects of such were anti‑dilutive (in thousands of shares): For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Stock options 5 2 — Total 5 2 — Stock‑‑Based CompensationThe Company applies the fair value recognition provisions of the authoritative guidance for the accounting forstock‑based compensation and is expensing the fair value of the grants of options to purchase common stock over their vestingperiod of four years. Relating to grants of options, the Company recognized $0.1 million, $0.4 million and $0.9 million ofnon‑cash, share‑based compensation expense during 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. See Note 10 for assumptions used tocalculate the fair value of the options granted.The Company also issued 100,005 restricted shares of its common stock in 2016; 93,864 restricted shares of commonstock in 2015 and 109,318 restricted shares of common stock in 2014. These shares are being charged to income based upon theirfair values over their vesting period of four years. Non‑cash equity‑based compensation expense, related to the vesting ofrestricted shares issued was $6.2 million, $3.4 million and $3.1 million in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.In connection with certain acquisitions, the Company issued shares of the acquired company to its local management andrecorded $0.1 and $0.3 million of stock based compensation during 2016 and 2015, respectively.Stock‑based compensation expense is recognized within general and administrative expenses within the consolidatedincome statements.Business Combinations The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, under which the purchase price ofthe acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the fair values determined by management as of theacquisition date. Contingent consideration obligations that are elements of the consideration transferred are recognized as of theacquisition date as part of the fair value transferred in exchange for the acquired business. Acquisition-related costs incurred inconnection with a business combination are expensed as incurred. F-21 Table of ContentsRecent Accounting PronouncementsIn May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, which provides a single,comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers. The revenue standard is based on the principle thatrevenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects theconsideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard may be appliedretrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initialapplication. On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved the deferral of the new standard's effective date by one year. The new standardis now effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The FASB will permit companies to adopt thenew standard early, but not before the original effective date of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 InMarch 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Principal Versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross Versus Net).” In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing.” In May 2016, the FASBissued ASU 2016-12, “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical E xpedients.” In December 2016, the FASB issuedAccounting Standards Update 2016-20, “ Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts withCustomers. ” These updates provide additional adoption guidance and clarification to ASU 2014-09. The amendments must beadopted concurrently. The Company is currently evaluating the overall impact and the method of adoption of ASU 2014-09,including the latest developments from the Transition Resources Group. Areas most likely impacted may include, but not belimited to, the following: the timing of revenue recognition and the allocation of revenue between equipment and services, Inaddition, the new standard may require certain amounts be recorded in accounts receivable and deferred revenues on the balancesheet and enhanced disclosures around performance obligations. The Company’s final determination of the adoption methodologywill depend on a number of factors, such as the significance of the impact of the new standard on the financial results, data andinformation available at recently acquired businesses, system readiness and the ability to accumulate and analyze the informationnecessary to assess the impact on prior period financial statements and new disclosure requirements. The Company does notcurrently know or cannot reasonably estimate quantitative information related to the impact of the new standard on itsConsolidated Financial Statements. The Company will adopt the standard on January 1, 2018. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40),” which requires management to assess a company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnotedisclosures in certain circumstances. ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016.Early application is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance for the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2016. Theadoption of this guidance did not impact the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs”, which amends thepresentation of debt issuance costs on the consolidated balance sheet. Under the new guidance, debt issuance costs are presentedas a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability rather than as an asset. The Company retrospectively adoptedASU 2015-03 on January 1, 2016 and determined that its adoption had no impact on its consolidated financial statements andrelated disclosures. This is a change in accounting principle. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, “Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud ComputingArrangement”, which provides guidance about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes software and how to account forthat software license. The new guidance does not change the accounting for a customer’s accounting for service contracts. Thestandard is effective beginning January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied prospectively orretrospectively. The Company does not expect ASU 2015-05 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position,results of operations or cash flows. In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, “Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-PeriodAdjustments”, which provides updated guidance related to simplifying the accounting for measurement period adjustmentsrelated to business combinations. The amended guidance eliminates the requirement to retrospectively account for adjustmentsmade during the measurement period. The standard was adopted January 1, 2016, and did not have a material impact on itsconsolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.F-22 Table of ContentsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”, which provides comprehensive leaseaccounting guidance. The standard requires entities to recognize lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet as well asdisclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 will become effective for fiscal years, and interimperiods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currentlyevaluating the impact of the new guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statements.In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to EmployeeShare-Based Payment Accounting”. The standard is intended to simplify several areas of accounting for share-basedcompensation arrangements, including the income tax impact, classification on the statement of cash flows and forfeitures. ASU2016-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016, and earlyadoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its Consolidated FinancialStatements.In August 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” which providesfurther clarification on eight cash flow classification issues. The standard further clarifies the classification of the following: (i)debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (ii) settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments withcoupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; (iii) contingent considerationpayments made after a business combination; (iv) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (v) proceeds from thesettlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; (vi) distributions receivedfrom equity method investees; (vii) beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and (viii) separately identifiable cash flowsand application of the predominance principle. ASU 2016-15 will become effective for fiscal years, and interim periods withinthose fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2016-15 should be applied using aretrospective transition method for each period presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard onour consolidated financial statements. In October 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Accounting for Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Asset Transfers of AssetsOther than Inventory . The new standard eliminates for all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory, the exception undercurrent standards that permits the tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers to be deferred until the transferred asset is sold to athird party or otherwise recovered through use. As a result, a reporting entity would recognize the tax expense from the sale of theasset in the seller’s tax jurisdiction when the transfer occurs. Any deferred tax asset that arises in the buyer’s jurisdiction wouldalso be recognized at the time of the transfer. The new standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. TheCompany is currently evaluating the potential impact that this standard may have on its results of operations. In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-18, “ Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230):Restricted Cash ,” or ASU 2016-18. The amendments in ASU 2016-18 are intended to reduce diversity in practice related to theclassification and presentation of changes in restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. Theamendments in ASU 2016-18 require that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents beincluded with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on thestatement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for annual reporting periods, including interim periods within those periods,beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluation the potential impact thatthis standard may have on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805):Clarifying the Definition of a Business,” or ASU 2017-01. The amendments in ASU 2017-01 provide a screen to assist entitieswith evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. Under ASU2017-01, an entity first determines whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in asingle identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If this threshold is met, the set is not a business. If it’s not met,the entity then evaluates whether the set meets the requirement that a business include, at a minimum, an input and a substantiveprocess that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. ASUF-23 Table of Contents2017-01 also narrows the definition of outputs by more closely aligning it with how outputs are described in ASC 606. ASU2017-01 is effective for annual reporting periods, including interim periods within those periods, beginning after December 15,2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company prospectively adopted ASU 2017-01 for the fourth quarter of 2016. Thestandard will result in the Company accounting for more transactions as asset acquisitions as opposed to business combination. In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-04, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350):Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” or ASU 2017-04. The amendments in ASU 2017-04 simplify the subsequentmeasurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value ofgoodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assetsand liabilities. Instead, under the amendments in ASU 2017-04, an entity performs its annual, or interim, goodwill impairmenttest by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognizes an impairment charge for the amountby which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, but not more than the total amount of goodwill allocated tothe reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual reporting periods, including interim periods within those periods,beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluation the potential impact thatthis standard may have on its Consolidated Financial Statements. 3. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS International Telecom One Communications (formerly KeyTech Limited) On May 3, 2016, the Company completed our acquisition of a controlling interest in KeyTech Limited (“KeyTech”), apublicly held Bermuda company listed on the Bermuda Stock Exchange (“BSX”) that provides broadband and video services andother telecommunications services to residential and enterprise customers under the “Logic” name in Bermuda and the CaymanIslands. Subsequent to the completion of our acquisition of KeyTech, KeyTech changed its name, and the “Logic” name, to OneCommunications Ltd (“One Communications”). Prior to our acquisition, One Communications also owned a minority interest ofapproximately 43% in the Company’s consolidated subsidiary, Bermuda Digital Communications Ltd. (“BDC”), which provideswireless services in Bermuda under the “CellOne” name. As part of the transaction, the Company contributed its ownershipinterest of approximately 43% in BDC and approximately $42 million in cash in exchange for a 51% ownership interest in OneCommunications. As part of the transaction, BDC was merged with and into a company within the One Communications groupand the approximate 15% interest in BDC held, in the aggregate, by BDC’s minority shareholders was converted into the right toreceive common shares in One Communications. Following the transaction, BDC became wholly owned by OneCommunications, and One Communications continues to be listed on the BSX. A portion of the cash proceeds that OneCommunications received upon closing was used to fund a one-time special dividend to One Communications’ existingshareholders and to retire One Communications subordinated debt. On May 3, 2016, the Company began consolidating the resultsof One Communications within our financial statements in our International Telecom segment. The One Communications Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination of a controlling interest in OneCommunications in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations , and the acquisition of an incremental ownership interestin BDC in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation . The total purchase consideration of $41.6F-24 $$$$Table of Contentsmillion of cash was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of theacquisition. Consideration Transferred Cash consideration - KeyTech34,518 Cash consideration - BDC7,045 Total consideration transferred41,563 Non-controlling interests - KeyTech32,909 Total value to allocate74,472 Value to allocate KeyTech67,427 Value to allocate - BDC7,045 Purchase price allocation KeyTech: Cash8,185 Accounts receivable6,451 Other current assets3,241 Property, plant and equipment100,892 Identifiable intangible assets10,590 Other long term assets3,464 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(16,051) Advance payments and deposits(6,683) Current debt(6,429) Long term debt(28,929) Net assets acquired74,731 Gain on KeyTech bargain purchase7,304 Purchase price allocation BDC: Carrying value of BDC non-controlling interest acquired2,940 Excess of purchase price paid over carrying value of non-controlling interest acquired4,105 The acquired property, plant and equipment is comprised of telecommunication equipment located in Bermuda and theCayman Islands. The property, plant and equipment was valued using the income and cost approaches. Cash flows werediscounted at approximately 15% rate to determine fair value under the income approach. The property, plant and equipmenthave useful lives ranging from 3 to 18 years and the customer relationships acquired have useful lives ranging from 9 to 12years. The fair value of the non-controlling interest was determined using the income approach and a discount rate ofapproximately 15%. The acquired receivables consist of trade receivables incurred in the ordinary course of business. TheCompany has collected the full amount of the receivables. The purchase price and resulting bargain purchase gain are the result of the market conditions and competitiveenvironment in which One Communications operates along with the Company's strategic position and resources in those samemarkets. Both companies realized that their combined resources would accelerate the transformation of both companies to betterserve customers in these markets. The bargain purchase gain is included in operating income in the accompanying incomestatement for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company’s income statement for the year ended December 31, 2016 includes $55.5 million of revenue and $2.8million of income before taxes attributable to the One Communication Acquisition. The Company incurred $4.3F-25 $$Table of Contentsmillion of transaction related charges pertaining to legal, accounting and consulting services associated with the transaction, ofwhich $3.4 million were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2016. Innovative On July 1, 2016, the Company completed its acquisition of all of the membership interests of Caribbean Asset HoldingsLLC (“CAH”), the holding company for the Innovative group of companies operating video services, Internet, wireless andlandline services in the U.S. Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands and St. Maarten (“Innovative”), from the National RuralUtilities Cooperative Finance Corporation (“CFC”). The Company acquired the Innovative operations for a contractual purchaseprice of $145.0 million, reduced by purchase price adjustments of $5.3 million (the “Innovative Transaction”). In connectionwith the transaction, the Company financed $60.0 million of the purchase price with a loan from an affiliate of CFC, the RuralTelephone Finance Cooperative (“RTFC”) on the terms and conditions of a Loan Agreement by and among RTFC, CAH andATN VI Holdings, LLC, the parent entity of CAH and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The Company funded $51.9million of the purchase price in cash, subsequently paid $22.5 million to fund Innovative’s pension in the fourth quarter of 2016,and recorded $5.3 million as restricted cash to satisfy Innovative’s other postretirement benefit plans. Following the purchase, theCompany’s current operations in the U.S. Virgin Islands under the “Choice” name will be combined with Innovative to deliverresidential and business subscribers a full range of telecommunications and media services. On July 1, 2016, the Company beganconsolidating the results of Innovative within its financial statements in its International Telecom segment. The Innovative Transaction was accounted as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805. The considerationtransferred of $111.9 million, and used for the purchase price allocation, differed from the contractual purchase price of $145.0million, due to certain GAAP purchase price adjustments including a reduction of $5.3 million related to working capitaladjustments and the Company agreeing to subsequently settle assumed pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities of$27.8 million. As of December 31 2016, the Company transferred consideration of $111.9 million which was allocated to theassets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. The final purchase pricerepresents a reduction of $0.4 million from the preliminary purchase price. The decrease was due to settlement of working capitaladjustments. The table below represents the allocation of the consideration transferred to the net assets of Innovative based ontheir acquisition date fair values: Consideration Transferred111,860 Non-controlling interests221 Total value to allocate112,081 Purchase price allocation: Cash4,229 Accounts receivable6,553 Materials & supplies6,533 Other current assets1,927 Property, plant and equipment108,284 Telecommunication licenses7,623 Goodwill20,586 Intangible assets7,800 Other Assets4,394 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(15,971) Advance payments and deposits(7,793) Deferred tax liability(2,935) Pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities(29,149) Net assets acquired112,081 F-26 Table of ContentsThe acquired property, plant and equipment is comprised of telecommunication equipment located in the U.S VirginIslands, British Virgin Islands and St. Maarten. The property, plant and equipment was valued using the income and costapproaches. Cash flows were discounted between 14% and 25% based on the risk associated with the cash flows to determinefair value under the income approach. The property, plant and equipment have useful lives ranging from 1 to 18 years and thecustomer relationships acquired have useful lives ranging from 7 to 13 years. The fair value of the non-controlling interest wasdetermined using the income approach with discount rates ranging from 15% to 25%. The acquired receivables consist of tradereceivables incurred in the ordinary course of business. The Company has collected the full amount of the receivables. TheCompany recorded a liability equal to the funded status of the plans in its purchase price allocation. Discount rates between 3.6%and 3.9% were used to determine the benefit obligation. The goodwill generated from the Innovative Transaction is primarily related to value placed on the acquired employeeworkforces, service offerings, and capabilities of the acquired businesses as well as expected synergies from future combinedoperations. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes. The Company acquired Innovative’s pension and other postretirement benefit plans as part of the transaction. The planscover employees located in the U.S. Virgin Islands and consist of noncontributory defined benefit pension plans andnoncontributory defined medical, dental, vision and life benefit plans. As noted above, the contractual purchase price included anadjustment related to the funded status of Innovative’s pension and other postretirement benefit plans. As contemplated by thetransaction, the Company contributed approximately $22.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2016 to Innovative’s pensionplans. This payment is recorded as a cash outflow from operations in the statement of cash flows. At December 31, 2016, theCompany held $5.1 million of restricted cash equal to the unfunded status of the other postretirement benefit plans. The cash isrestricted due to the Company’s intent to use the cash to satisfy future postretirement benefit obligations and the specific nature ofthe commitment The Company’s income statement for year ended December 31, 2016 includes $53.0 million of revenue and $1.5 millionof income before taxes attributable to the Innovative Transaction. The Company incurred $4.1 million of transaction relatedcharges pertaining to legal, accounting and consulting services associated with the transaction, of which $2.2 million wereincurred during the year ended December 31, 2016. Disposition In September 2016, the Company entered into an agreement to sell the Innovative cable operations located in St.Maarten. Thetransaction was complete on January 3, 2017 and will be recorded in the Company’s 2017 results. The Company does not expectto recognize a gain or loss on the transaction. Since the disposition does not relate to a strategic shift in our operations, thesubsidiary’s historical results and financial position are presented within continuing operations. During March 2015, the Company sold certain assets and liabilities of our Turks and Caicos business in its InternationalTelecom segment. As a result, we recorded a net loss of approximately $19.9 million, which is included in other income(expense) on its statement of operations, arising from the deconsolidation of non-controlling interests of $20.0 million partiallyoffset by a gain of $0.1 million arising from an excess of the sales proceeds over the carrying value of net assets disposed of. Since the disposition does not relate to a strategic shift in our operations, the subsidiary’s historical results and financial positionare presented within continuing operations. Deconsolidation of Subsidiary On December 15, 2016, the Company transferred control of its subsidiary in Aruba to another stockholder in a nonreciprocaltransfer. Subsequent to that date, it no longer consolidated the results of the operations of the Aruba business which generated$2.8 million in revenues during the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company did not recognize a gain or loss on thetransaction. Pro forma Results F-27 Table of ContentsThe following table reflects unaudited pro forma operating results of the Company for the year ended December 31,2016 and December 31, 2015 assuming that the One Communications and Innovative Transactions occurred at the beginning ofeach period presented. The pro forma amounts adjust One Communications’ and Innovative’s results to reflect the depreciationand amortization that would have been recorded assuming the fair value adjustments to property, plant and equipment andintangible assets had been applied from January 1, 2015. Also, the pro forma results were adjusted to reflect changes to theacquired entities’ financial structure related to the transaction. One Communications’ results reflect the retirement of $24.7million of debt. Innovative’s results reflect the retirement of $185.8 million of debt and the addition of $60 million of purchaseprice debt. Finally, ATN’s results were adjusted to reflect ATN’s incremental ownership in BDC. The pro forma results do notinclude the Company’s US Telecom or Renewable Energy acquisitions because they are immaterial both individually and in theaggregate to the Company’s historical results. The pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2016 include $5.4 million of impairment charges, $4.3 millionrecorded by One Communications and $1.1 million recorded by Innovative. The pro forma results for the year ended December31, 2015 include $168.7 million of impairment charges, $85.6 million recorded by One Communications and $83.1 millionrecorded by Innovative. Both the 2016 and 2015 impairment charges were recorded prior to ATN’s acquisition of theentities. Amounts are presented in thousands, except per share data: Year ended December 31, (unaudited) 2016 2015 As Pro- As Pro- Reported Forma Reported Forma Revenue$457,003$535,628$355,369$546,589 Net income (loss) attributable to ATNInternational, Inc. Stockholders 12,101 14,660 16,940 (97,102) Earnings per share: Basic 0.75 0.91 1.06 (6.06) Diluted 0.75 0.90 1.05 (6.02) The unaudited pro forma data is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the operatingresulted that would have occurred if the acquisitions had been consummated on these dates or of future operating results of thecombined company following this transaction. U.S. Telecom In July 2016, the Company acquired certain telecommunications fixed assets and the associated operations located in thewestern United States. The acquisition qualified as a business combination for accounting purposes. The Company transferred$9.1 million of cash consideration in the acquisition. The consideration transferred was allocated to $10.2 million of acquiredfixed assets, $3.5 million of deferred tax liability, and $0.7 million to other net liabilities, resulting in goodwill of $3.1 million.The deferred tax liability and goodwill increased by $2.7 million from the preliminary purchase price allocation due to ameasurement period adjustment. The adjustment had no impact on the Company’s income. Results of operations for the businessare included in the U.S. Telecom segment and are not material to the Company’s historical results of operations. Pending Disposition During June 2016, as a result of recent industry consolidation activities and a review of strategic alternatives for theCompany’s U.S. Wireline business in the Northeast, the Company identified factors indicating the carrying amount of certainassets may not be recoverable. More specifically, the factors included the competitive environment, recent industryconsolidation, and the Company’s view of future opportunities in the market which began to evolve in the second quarter of2016. On August 4, 2016, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement to sell the majority of its U.S. Wirelinebusiness. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions. As a result of this transaction and the recent developments in the market, the Company determined it was appropriate toassess the reporting unit’s assets for impairment. The reporting unit holds three types of assets forF-28 $$$Table of Contentspurposes of impairment testing: i) other assets such as accounts receivable and inventory, ii) long lived assets such as propertyplant and equipment, and iii) goodwill. Management first assessed the other assets for impairment and determined no impairmentwas appropriate. Second, the property, plant and equipment was assessed for impairment. The assessment compared theundiscounted cash flows from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group to its carrying amount and determined thecarrying amount was not recoverable. The asset group represents the lowest level of assets with identifiable independent cashflows. The impairment loss of $3.6 million was equal to the amount by which the carrying amount exceeded the fair value. Third,management assessed goodwill for impairment following the two step impairment test. The carrying amount of the reporting unitexceeded its fair value, after considering the $3.6 million asset impairment. The second step of the goodwill impairment testcompares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of goodwill to measure the amount ofimpairment loss. The impairment loss equaled $7.5 million. The Company utilized the income approach, with Level 3 valuationinputs, which considered both the purchase agreement and cash flows discounted at a rate of 14% in its fair value calculations. Intotal, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $11.1 million. The impairment charge is included in income fromoperations for the year ended December 31, 2016. Renewable Energy Vibrant Energy On April 7, 2016, the Company completed its acquisition of a solar power development portfolio in India fromArmstrong Energy Global Limited (“Armstrong”), a well-known developer, builder, and owner of solar farms (the “VibrantEnergy Acquisition”). The business operates under the name Vibrant Energy. The Company also retained several Armstrongemployees in the UK and India who are employed by the Company to oversee the development, construction and operation of theIndia solar projects. The projects to be developed initially are located in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and arebased on a commercial and industrial business model, similar to the Company’s existing renewable energy operations in theUnited States. As of April 7, 2016, the Company began consolidating the results of Vibrant Energy in its financial statementswithin its Renewable Energy segment. The Vibrant Energy Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805. The totalpurchase consideration of $6.2 million cash was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fairvalues as of the date of the acquisition. The table below represents the allocation of the consideration transferred to the net assetsof Vibrant Energy based on their acquisition date fair values (in thousands): Consideration Transferred6,193 Purchase price allocation: Cash136Prepayments and other assets636Property, plant and equipment7,321Goodwill3,279Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(5,179)Net assets acquired6,193 The consideration transferred includes $3.5 million paid and $2.7 million payable at future dates, which is contingentupon the passage of time and achievement of initial production milestones which are considered probable. The acquired property,plant and equipment is comprised of solar equipment and the accounts payable and accrued liabilities consists mainly of amountspayable for certain asset purchases. The fair value of the property, plant, and equipment was based on recent acquisition costs forthe assets, given their recent purchase dates from third parties. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes andprimarily relates to the assembled workforce of the business acquired.F-29 Table of Contents For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Vibrant Energy Acquisition accounted for $0.4 million of the Company’srevenue. The Company incurred $11.4 million of transaction related charges pertaining to legal, accounting and consultingservices associated with the transaction, of which $10.1 million were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2016. Resultsof operations for the business are not material to the Company’s historical results of operations. 4. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS—SALE OF U.S. RETAIL WIRELESS BUSINESSOn September 20, 2013, the Federal Communications Commission announced its approval of the previously announcedproposed sale of the Company’s U.S. retail wireless business operated under the Alltel name to AT&T Mobility LLC forapproximately $780.0 million in cash plus $16.8 million in working capital. The Company previously reported the operations ofthis business within its U.S. Wireless segment. During 2014 and 2015, the Company recognized an additional $1.1 million of gain relating to changes in certain estimates. 5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE:As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, accounts receivable consist of the following (in thousands): 2016 2015 Retail $36,026 $23,805 Wholesale 22,502 24,341 Other 40 168 Accounts receivable 58,568 48,314 Less: allowance for doubtful accounts (13,149) (9,294) Total accounts receivable, net $45,419 $39,020 F-30 Table of Contents6. FIXED ASSETS:As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, property, plant and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands): Useful Life (in Years) 2016 2015 Telecommunications equipment and towers 5 -15 $802,415 $553,237 Solar assets 20-23 115,932 111,446 Office and computer equipment 3 -10 44,147 54,665 Buildings 15-39 43,609 18,540 Transportation vehicles 3 -10 12,043 8,882 Leasehold improvements Shorter of usefullife or lease term 325 11,592 Land — 10,242 1,198 Furniture and fixtures 5 -10 7,657 6,584 Total property, plant and equipment 1,036,370 766,144 Construction in progress 101,992 41,103 Total property, plant and equipment 1,138,362 807,247 Less: Accumulated depreciation (490,650) (433,744) Net fixed assets $647,712 373,503 Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets, using the straight‑line method over the assets’ estimated useful life, forthe years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $73.3 million, $55.9 million and $50.3 million, respectively. Includedwithin telecommunication equipment and towers are assets related to Indefeasible Rights of Use under capital lease with a cost of$13.8 million and $2.7 million and net book value of and $12.4 million and $1.8 million, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively. Remaining amounts due under the IRUs are $1.2 million and $0.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively.During the year ended December 31, 2015, we sold certain network assets and telecommunications licenses in our U.S.Telecom segment and recognized a gain on such disposition of $2.8 million.For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, amounts of capital expenditures were offset by grants of $2.3 million,$2.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively.7. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETSGoodwillThe Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, which has been determined to be as of December 31 ofeach fiscal year. The Company also tests goodwill between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicatethat the fair value of a reporting unit may be below its carrying value.The Company employs both qualitative and quantitative tests of its goodwill. The company tests goodwill at thereporting unit which is one level below its operating segments. During 2016, the Company performed a qualitative assessmentfor some of the Company’s reporting units and determined there were no indicators of impairment. For the other reporting unitsin 2016, goodwill was evaluated using a quantitative model. During 2015, the Company performed a qualitative assessment ongoodwill to determine whether a quantitative assessment was necessary and determined there were no indicators of potentialimpairment. In 2014, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for some of the Company’s reporting units and determinedthere were no indicators of impairment. For the other reporting units in 2014, goodwill was evaluated using a quantitativemodel. The quantitative test for goodwill impairment is determined using a two‑step process. The first step involves acomparison of the estimated fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. In performing the first step,the Company determines the fair value of a reporting unit usingF-31 Table of Contentsa discounted cash flow (“DCF”) analysis. Determining fair value requires the exercise of significant judgment, includingjudgments about appropriate discount rates, perpetual growth rates, and the amount and timing of expected future cash flows.Discount rates are based on a weighted‑average cost of capital (“WACC”), which represents the average rate a business must payits providers of debt and equity. The cash flows employed in the DCF analysis were derived from internal earnings and forecastsand external market forecasts. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reportingunit is not impaired and the second step of the impairment test is not necessary. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceedsits estimated fair value, then the second step of the goodwill impairment test must be performed.The second step of our quantitative test for goodwill impairment compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’sgoodwill with its carrying amount of goodwill to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The implied fair value ofgoodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination, whereby theestimated fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit (including any unrecognizedintangible assets) as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit wasthe purchase price paid. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, animpairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.During June 2016, as a result of recent industry consolidation activities and a review of strategic alternatives for theCompany’s U.S. Wireline business in the Northeast, the Company identified factors indicating the carrying amount of certainassets may not be recoverable. More specifically, the factors included the competitive environment, recent industryconsolidation, and the Company’s view of future opportunities in the market which began to evolve in the second quarter of2016. O n August 4, 2016, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement to sell the majority of its U.S. Wirelinebusiness. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions. As a result of this transaction and the recent developments in the market, the Company determined it was appropriate toassess the reporting unit’s assets for impairment. The reporting unit holds three types of assets for purposes of impairmenttesting: i) other assets such as accounts receivable and inventory, ii) long lived assets such as property plant and equipment, andiii) goodwill. Management first assessed the other assets for impairment and determined no impairment wasappropriate. Second, the property, plant and equipment was assessed for impairment. The impairment test compared theundiscounted cash flows from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group to its carrying amount and determined thecarrying amount was not recoverable. The impairment loss of $3.6 million was equal to the amount by which the carryingamount exceeded the fair value. Third management assessed goodwill for impairment following the two step impairmenttest. The carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeded its fair value, after considering the $3.6 million asset impairment. Thesecond step of the goodwill impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carryingamount of goodwill to measure the amount of impairment loss. The impairment loss equaled $7.5 million. The Company utilizedthe income approach, with Level 3 valuation inputs, which considered both the purchase agreement and cash flows discounted ata rate of 14% in its fair value calculations. In total, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $11.1 million. Theimpairment charge is included in income from operations for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company performed its annual impairment assessments of its goodwill as of December 31, 2016 and determinedthat no impairment charges were required, as the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its book value. Accordingly, therewere additional changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill during that year. F-32 Table of ContentsThe table below disclosed goodwill recorded in each of the Company’s segments and accumulated impairment changesthrough during 2016. There were no changes to the Company’s goodwill balances from January 1, 2014 through December 31,2015 (in thousands): U.S. International Renewable Telecom Telecom Energy Consolidated Balance at December 31, 2015 $39,639 $5,438 $ — $45,077 Acquisitions 3,121 20,586 3,279 26,986 Deconsolidation of Subsidiary — (1,698) — (1,698) Impairment (7,491) — — (7,491) Balance at December 31, 2016 Gross 42,759 24,326 3,279 70,364 Accumulated Impairment (7,491) — — (7,491) Net $35,268 $24,326 $3,279 $62,873 Telecommunications LicensesThe Company tests those telecommunications licenses that are indefinite lived for impairment on an annual basis, whichhas been determined to be as of December 31 of each fiscal year. The Company also tests telecommunication licenses that areindefinite lived between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the fair value of a reporting unitmay be below its carrying value. The Company performed quantitative and qualitative assessments for its annual impairment assessment of substantially all ofits indefinite lived telecommunications licenses as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and determined that there were no indicationsof potential impairments.The changes in the carrying amount of the Company’s telecommunications licenses, by operating segment, for the threeyears ended December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands): U.S. Int'l Telecom Telecom Consolidated Balance at December 31, 2014 $24,944 $19,146 $44,090 Amortization — (622) (622) Balance at December 31, 2015 $24,944 $18,524 $43,468 Deconsolidation of subsidiary — (2,178) (2,178) Acquired licenses — 7,623 7,623 Amortization — (622) (622) Balance at December 31, 2016 $24,944 $23,347 $48,291 The licenses acquired during 2016 were acquired in the Innovative Transaction and are expected to be available for useinto perpetuity. A subsidiary in the Company’s International Telecom segment was amortizing one of its telecommunicationslicenses until the date of its deconsolidation in December 2016.Customer RelationshipsThe customer relationships, all of which are included in the International Telecom segment, are being amortized on anaccelerated basis, over the expected period during which their economic benefits are to be realized. The CompanyF-33 Table of Contentsrecorded $2.0 million, $0.4 million, and $0.3 million of amortization related to customer relationships during year endedDecember 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectfully.Future amortization of customer relationships, in our International Telecom segment, is as follows (in thousands): Future Amortization 2017 $3,281 2018 2,411 2019 1,897 2020 1,528 2021 1,300 Thereafter 4,612 Total $15,029 Other Intangible Assets The Company held other intangibles of $4.9 million consisting of $3.0 million of franchise rights and $1.9 million of tradenamesin its International Telecom segment. These assets are recorded in other assets on the Company’s balance sheet. In 2016, weassessed the value of a tradename and concluded that its book value exceeded its fair value. As a result, we recorded a non-cashimpairment charge of $0.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 8. LONG‑‑TERM DEBTOn December 19, 2014, the Company amended and restated its then existing credit facility with CoBank, ACB and asyndicate of other lenders to provide for a $225 million revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) that includes (i) up to $10million under the Credit Facility for standby or trade letters of credit, (ii) up to $25 million under the Credit Facility for letters ofcredit that are necessary or desirable to qualify for disbursements from the FCC’s mobility fund and (iii) up to $10 million under aswingline sub-facility.Amounts the Company may borrow under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at its option, either (i) theLondon InterbankOffered Rate ( LIBOR ) plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.50% to 1.75% or (ii) a base rate plus anapplicable margin ranging from 0.50% to 0.75%. Swingline loans will bear interest at the base rate plus the applicable marginfor base rate loans. The base rate is equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the higher of (x) the one-week LIBOR and (y) the one-month LIBOR ; (ii) the federal funds effective rate (as defined in the Credit Facility ) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the primerate (as defined in the Credit Facility ). The applicable margin is determined based on the ratio (as further defined in the CreditFacility) of the Company’s indebtedness to EBITDA. Under the terms of the Credit Facility, the Company must also pay a feeranging from 0.175% to 0.250% of the average daily unused portion of the Credit Facility over each calendar quarter. On January 11, 2016, the Company amended the Credit Facility (the “Amendment”) to provide for lender consent to,among other actions, (i) the contribution by the Company of all of its equity interests in ATN Bermuda Holdings, Ltd. to ATNOverseas Holdings, Ltd. in connection with the One Communications Transaction, a one-time, non-pro rata cash distribution byOne Communications in an aggregate amount not to exceed $13.0 million to certain of One Communications’ shareholders; and(ii) the incurrence by certain subsidiaries of the Company of secured debt in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $60.0million in connection with the Company’s option to finance a portion of the Innovative Transaction. The Amendment increasesthe amount the Company is permitted to invest in “unrestricted” subsidiaries of the Company, which are not subject to thecovenants of the Credit Facility , from $275.0 million to $400.0 million (as such increased amount shall be reduced from time totime by the aggregate amount of certain dividend payments to the Company’s stockholders). The Amendment also providesfor the incurrence by the Company of incremental term loan facilities, when combined with increases to revolving loancommitments under the Credit Facility , F-34 Table of Contentsin an aggregate amount not to exceed $200.0 million, which facilities shall be subject to certain conditions, including pro formacompliance with the total net leverage ratio financial covenant under the Credit Facility .The Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including a financial covenant thatimposes a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA as well as covenants by the Company limiting additional indebtedness,liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions withaffiliates and fundamental changes. In addition, the Credit Facility contains a financial covenant by us that imposes a maximumratio of indebtedness to EBITDA. As of December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all of the financial covenantsof the Credit Facility. In addition, the Credit Facility restricts our Total Net Leverage (maximum ratio of indebtedness minusunrestricted cash to EBITDA).As of December 31, 2016, the Company had no borrowings under the Credit Facility and approximately $10.6 million ofoutstanding letters of credit.Ahana DebtOn December 24, 2014, in connection with the Ahana Acquisition, the Company assumed $38.9 million in long-termdebt (the “Original Ahana Debt”). The Original Ahana Debt included multiple loan agreements with banks that bore interest atrates between 4.5% and 6.0%, matured at various times between 2018 and 2023 and were secured by certain solarfacilities. Repayment of the Original Ahana Debt was being made in cash on a monthly basis until maturity. The Original Ahana Debt also included a loan from Public Service Electric & Gas (the “PSE&G Loan”). The PSE&GLoan bears interest at 11.3%, matures in 2027, and is secured by certain solar facilities. Repayment of the Original Ahana Debtwith PSE&G can be made in either cash or solar renewable energy credits (“SRECs”), at the Company’s discretion, with thevalue of the SRECs being fixed at the time of the loan’s closing. Historically, the Company has made all repayments of thePSE&G Loan using SRECs. On December 19, 2016, Ahana’s wholly owned subsidiary, Ahana Operations, issued $20.6 million in aggregateprincipal amount of 4.427% senior notes due 2029 (the “Series A Notes”) and $45.2 million in aggregate principal amount of5.327% senior notes due 2031 (the “Series B Notes”). Interest and principal are payable semi-annually beginning on March 31,2017, until the respective maturity dates of March 31, 2029 (for the Series A Notes) and September 30, 2031 (for the Series BNotes). Cash flows generated by the solar projects that secure the Series A Notes and Series B Notes are only available forpayment of such debt and are not available to pay other obligations or the claims of the creditors of Ahana or its subsidiaries.However, subject to certain restrictions, Ahana Operations holds the right to the excess cash flows not needed to pay the Series ANotes and Series B Notes and other obligations arising out of the securitizations. The Series A and Series B Notes are secured bycertain assets of Ahana and are guaranteed by certain of its subsidiaries. A portion of the proceeds from the issuances of the Series A Notes and Series B Notes were used to repay the OriginalAhana Debt in full except for the PSE &G Loan which remained outstanding after the refinancing. As of December 31, 2016, $2.5 million of the Original Ahana Debt and $65.8 million of the Series A Notes and Series BNotes remained outstanding. One Communications DebtIn connection with the One Communications Transaction on May 3, 2016, the Company assumed $35.4 million in debt(the “One Communications Debt”) in the form of a loan from HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited. The One Communications Debtmatures in 2021, bears interest of the three-month LIBOR plus a margin of 3.25%, and repayment is made quarterly untilmaturity. The debt is secured by the property and assets of certain One Communications subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2016, $32.1 million of the One Communications Debt remained outstanding. F-35 Table of ContentsInnovative DebtThe Company funded the Innovative Acquisition with $51.0 million in cash and financed the remaining $60.0 million ofthe purchase price with a loan from an affiliate of the seller, the Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative. The Company paid a feeof $0.9 million to lock the interest rate at 4% per annum over the term of the debt. The fee was recorded as a reduction to the debtcarrying amount and will be amortized over the life of the loan. Interest is paid quarterly and principal repayment is not requireduntil maturity on July 1, 2026. The debt is secured by certain assets of the Company’s Innovative subsidiary. As of December 31, 2016, $60.0 million of the Innovative Debt remained outstanding and $0.8 million of the rate lockfee were unamortized. 9. GOVERNMENT GRANTSThe Company has received funding from the U.S. Government and its agencies under Stimulus and Universal ServicesFund programs. These are generally designed to fund telecommunications infrastructure expansion into rural or underservedareas of the United States. The fund programs are evaluated to determine if they represent funding related to capital expenditures(capital grants) or operating activities (income grants). Phase I Mobility Fund Grants As part of the Federal Communications Commission’s (“FCC”) reform of its Universal Service Fund (“USF”) program,which previously provided support to carriers seeking to offer telecommunications services in high-cost areas and to low-incomehouseholds, the FCC created the Phase I Mobility Fund (“Phase I Mobility Fund”), a one-time award meant to support wirelesscoverage in underserved geographic areas in the United States. In August 2013 and October 2014, the Company received FCCfinal approvals for $21.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively, of Phase I Mobility Fund support to its wholesale wirelessbusiness (the “Mobility Funds”), to expand voice and broadband networks in certain geographic areas in order to offer either 3Gor 4G coverage. As part of the receipt of the Mobility Funds, the Company committed to comply with certain additional FCCconstruction and other requirements. A portion of these funds will be used to offset network capital costs and a portion is used tooffset the costs of supporting the networks for a period of five years from the award date. In connection with the Company’sapplication for the Mobility Funds, the Company has issued approximately $10.6 million in letters of credit to the UniversalService Administrative Company (“USAC”) to secure these obligations. If the Company fails to comply with any of the terms andconditions upon which the Mobility Funds were granted, or if the Company loses eligibility for the Mobility Funds, USAC will beentitled to draw the entire amount of the letter of credit applicable to the affected project plus penalties and may disqualify theCompany from the receipt of additional Mobility Fund support. The Mobility Funds projects and their results are included within the Company’s U.S. Telecom segment. As ofDecember 31 2016, the Company had received approximately $ 19.7 million in Mobility Funds. Of these funds, $ 5.8 million wasrecorded as an offset to the cost of the property, plant, and equipment associated with these projects and, consequentially, areduction of future depreciation expense. The remaining $13.9 million received offsets operating expenses, of which $4.6 millionhas been recorded to date, $ 3.4 million is recorded within long term liabilities, and the remaining $5.8 million is recorded withincurrent liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016. The balance sheet presentation is basedon the timing of the expected usage of the funds which will reduce future operations expenses 10. EQUITYCommon StockThe Company has paid quarterly dividends on its common stock since January 1999.F-36 Table of ContentsTreasury StockIn September 2004, our Board of Directors approved a $5.0 million stock buyback plan (the “2004 RepurchasePlan”). Through September 19, 2016, we repurchased $4.1 million of our common stock, under the 2004 Repurchase Plan. On September 19, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our common stock,from time to time, on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the “2016 Repurchase Plan”). The 2016Repurchase Plan replaces the 2004 Repurchase Plan. As of December 31, 2016, we have $49.9 million available to berepurchased under the 2016 Repurchase Plan. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company repurchased the following shares under the2004 Repurchase Plan and the 2016 Repurchase Plan: Aggregate Shares Cost Average Year ended December 31, Repurchased (in thousands) Repurchase Price 2016 32,407 $2,195 $64.72 2015 — — — 2014 — — — During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company repurchased the following shares fromemployees to satisfy tax withholding and stock options exercise obligations incurred in connection with the vesting of restrictedstock awards and the exercise of stock options: Aggregate Shares Cost Average Year ended December 31, Repurchased (in thousands) Repurchase Price 2016 38,279 $2,775 $72.50 2015 37,567 2,705 72.01 2014 34,293 2,160 63.01 Stock‑‑Based CompensationThe Company has 2,000,000 shares reserved for the grant of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stockequivalents and awards of shares of common stock that are not subject to restrictions or forfeiture.Stock OptionsStock options have a term of ten years and vest annually and ratably over a period of four years.F-37 Table of ContentsThe following table summarizes stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015: Year Ended December 31, 2016 Weighted Average Weighted Avg. Remaining Number of Exercise Contractual Aggregate Options Price Term (Years) Intrinsic Value Outstanding at January 1, 2016 268,875 $38.64 Granted — — Exercised (43,053) 32.70 Outstanding at December 31, 2016 225,822 39.77 3.9 $9,114,963 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2016 225,554 39.73 3.9 $9,112,630 Exercisable at December 31, 2016 222,072 39.23 3.8 $9,082,338 Year Ended December 31, 2015 Weighted Average Remaining Number of Weighted Avg. Contractual Aggregate Options Exercise Price Term (Years) Intrinsic Value Outstanding at January 1, 2015 351,253 $36.55 Granted 5,000 71.43 Exercised (87,378) 32.14 Outstanding at December 31, 2015 268,875 38.64 4.7 $10,646,006 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2015 268,011 38.53 4.7 $10,640,134 Exercisable at December 31, 2015 248,875 38.05 4.5 $9,998,956 The unvested options as of December 31, 2016 represent $0.1 million in unamortized stock‑based compensation whichwill be recognized over a weighted average term of 2.6 years.The following table summarizes information relating to options granted and exercised during the years ended December31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands, except fair value of options granted data): 2016 2015 2014 Weighted-average fair value of options granted $ — $30.70 $N/A Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised 1,591 3,488 1,098 Cash proceeds received upon exercise of options 1,060 1,999 1,621 Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation 591 1,423 513 The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre‑tax intrinsic value (the difference between our closing commonstock price on December 31st and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of the in‑the‑money stock options) that wouldhave been received by the stock option holders had all stock options holders exercised their stock options on December 31st. Theamount of aggregate intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of our common stock.F-38 Table of ContentsThe Company did not grant any options during 2016 or 2014. The estimated fair value of the options granted during2015 were determined using a Black Scholes option pricing model, based on the following weighted average assumptions: Risk-free interest rate 1.55% Expected dividend yield 1.76% Expected life 6.25yearsExpected volatility 51.85% The Company recognized $0.1 million, $0.9 million and $1.4 million, respectively, of stock compensation expenserelating to the granted options during 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.Restricted StockRestricted stock issued under the 2008 Equity Investment Plan vest ratably over four years.The following table summarizes restricted stock activity during the year ended December 31, 2016: Weighted Avg. Shares Fair Value Unvested as of January 1, 2016 218,401 $60.60 Granted 100,005 73.34 Forfeited (1,125) 66.44 Vested and issued (88,241) 58.01 Unvested as of December 31, 2016 229,040 $67.13 The following table summarizes restricted stock activity during the year ended December 31, 2015: Weighted Avg. Shares Fair Value Unvested as of January 1, 2015 195,143 $55.13 Granted 93,864 66.26 Forfeited (1,687) 65.18 Vested and issued (68,919) 52.70 Unvested as of December 31, 2015 218,401 $60.60 In connection with the grant of restricted shares, the Company recognized $6.2 million, $4.3 million and $3.4 million ofcompensation expense within its income statements for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. Inaddition, the Company recognized $0.1 million of compensation expense within its income statement for the year endedDecember 31, 2016 for shares of the Company’s subsidiaries granted to the management team of those subsidiaries.The unvested shares as of December 31, 2016 represent $11.2 million in unamortized stock based compensation which will berecognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years .F-39 Table of Contents11. INCOME TAXESThe components of income before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are as follows(in thousands): 2016 2015 2014 Domestic $28,047 $50,563 $57,767 Foreign 17,327 5,638 28,401 Total $45,374 $56,201 $86,168 The following is a reconciliation from the tax computed at statutory income tax rates to the Company’s income taxexpense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 (in thousands): 2016 2015 2014 Tax computed at statutory U.S. federal income tax rates $15,782 $19,652 $30,160 Non controlling interest (2,893) (2,807) (1,229) Foreign tax rate differential (3,074) 1,659 (5,757) Over (under) provided in prior periods 1,069 652 (401) Nondeductible expenses 1,134 1,113 757 Goodwill Impairment 2,622 — — Capitalized transactions costs 3,138 — — Change in tax reserves 2,561 2,564 2,153 State Taxes, net of federal benefit 1,853 935 1,252 Change in valuation allowance (7,292) (5,949) (2,549) Foreign tax credit expiration 4,179 6,396 2,999 Other, net 2,081 (78) 763 Total Income Tax Expense $21,160 $24,137 $28,148 The components of income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are as follows(in thousands):\ 2016 2015 2014 Current: United States—Federal $15,763 $(1,308) $14,761 United States—State 505 (383) 1,347 Foreign 10,528 7,959 12,153 Total current income tax expense $26,796 $6,268 $28,261 Deferred: United States—Federal $(1,880) $16,760 $5,205 United States—State (291) 1,636 466 Foreign (3,465) (527) (5,784) Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) (5,636) 17,869 (113) Consolidated: United States—Federal $13,883 $15,452 $19,966 United States—State 214 1,253 1,813 Foreign 7,063 7,432 6,369 Total income tax expense $21,160 $24,137 $28,148 F-40 Table of ContentsThe significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (inthousands): 2016 2015 Deferred tax assets: Receivables reserve $1,470 $702 Temporary differences not currently deductible for tax 8,918 7,236 Deferred compensation 2,461 2,135 Foreign tax credit carryforwards — 4,180 Pension 1,085 1,153 Net operating losses 29,571 4,463 Total deferred tax asset 43,505 19,869 Deferred tax liabilities: Property, plant and equipment, net $41,136 $43,718 Intangible assets, net 6,122 13,743 Total deferred tax liabilities 47,258 57,461 Valuation allowance (42,462) (7,814) Net deferred tax liabilities $(46,215) $(45,406) Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as follows (inthousands): 2016 2015 Deferred tax assets: Current $ — $ — Long term 407 — Total deferred tax asset $407 $ — Deferred tax liabilities: Current $ — $ — Long term (46,622) (45,406) Total deferred tax liabilities $(46,622) $(45,406) Net deferred tax liabilities $(46,215) $(45,406) As of December 31, 2016, additional components within the reconciliation of the tax expense from statutory incomerates became significant to the financial statements; therefore the presentation of the 2015 and 2014 balances have been adjustedaccordingly for comparative purposes. As of December 31, 2016, the Company estimated that it had gross federal, state and foreign net operating loss (“NOL”)carryforwards of $3.3 million, $8.9 million and $74.7 million respectively. Of these, $83.5 million will expire between 2017 and2036 and $3.4 million may be carried forward indefinitely. The Company assesses available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will begenerated to realize the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of negative evidence evaluated is cumulative lossesincurred in certain reporting jurisdictions over the three-year period ended December 31, 2016. Other negative evidenceexamined includes, but is not limited to, losses expected in early future years, a history of tax benefits expiring unused,uncertainties whose unfavorable resolution would adversely affect future results, and brief carryback, carry forward periods. Onthe basis of this evaluation, the Company believed it was more likely than not that the benefit from some of these state andforeign deferred taxes would not be realized. In recognition of this risk at December 31, 2015, the Company provided a valuation allowance of $2.0 million and $1.7million for its state and foreign NOL carryforwards, respectively. Some of the foreign entities acquired in 2016F-41 Table of Contentsmaintained a full valuation allowance on their NOLs and other deferred tax assets. Where the business combination did notprovide any positive evidence for which the Company could recognize these assets, a $41.9 million valuation allowance wasestablished as part of purchase accounting. At December 31, 2016, our state and foreign NOL carryforward valuation allowancewas $0.5 million and $27.8 million for state and foreign NOL carryforwards, respectively. The remaining valuation allowance of$14.1 million has been applied to the other foreign deferred taxes for entities with a full valuation allowance at December 31,2016. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had $4.1 million of foreign tax credits, with a corresponding valuationallowance, which fully expired during the year ended December 31, 2016 and the valuation allowance was released. The Company has approximately $288.6 million of undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries that as of December31, 2016 are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and accordingly, no U.S. federal or state income taxes have been providedthereon. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred U.S. income tax liability is not practicable because of thecomplexities associated with its hypothetical calculation as such liability, if any, is dependent on circumstances existing if andwhen such remittance occurs. The Company had net unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalty) of $20.0 million as of December 31,2016, $18.9 million as of December 31, 2015 and, $16.5 million as of December 31, 2014. The net increase of the reserve duringthe year ended December 31, 2016 was attributable to an increase in tax positions for prior periods of $1.4 million, an increase intax positions for the current period of $2.3 million, partially offset by a settlement of a prior year position of $0.8 million, andlapse in statutes of limitation of $1.8 million. The following shows the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits (not including interest and penalty) during thethree years ended December 31, 2016 (in thousands): Gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2013 14,050 Increase in unrecognized tax benefits taken during a prior period 177 Increase in unrecognized tax benefits taken during the current period 1,498 Lapse in statute of limitations (226) Settlements — Gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2014 15,499 Increase in unrecognized tax benefits taken during a prior period — Increase in unrecognized tax benefits taken during the current period 1,717 Lapse in statute of limitations — Settlements — Gross unrecognized uncertain tax benefits at December 31, 2015 17,216 Increase in unrecognized tax benefits taken during a prior period 561 Increase in unrecognized tax benefits taken during the current period 2,321 Lapse in statute of limitations (1,673) Settlements (521) Gross unrecognized uncertain tax benefits at December 31, 2016 $17,904 The Company’s accounting policy is to classify interest and penalties related to income tax matters as part of income taxexpense. The accrued amounts for interest and penalties are $2.1 million as of December 31, 2016, and $1.7 million as ofDecember 31, 2015, and $1.0 million as of December 31, 2014. All $20.0 million of unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalty) would affect the effective tax rate ifrecognized. The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. and in various, state and local and foreignjurisdictions. The statute of limitations related to the consolidated U.S. federal income tax return is closed for all tax years up toand including 2012. The expiration of the statute of limitations related to the various state and foreign income tax returns that theCompany and subsidiaries file varies by jurisdiction. F-42 Table of Contents12. RETIREMENT PLANSThe Company has a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan for eligible employees of its GTT and Innovativesubsidiaries who meet certain age and employment criteria. The Company also has a noncontributory defined medical, dental,vision, and life benefit plan for eligible employees of its Innovative subsidiary who meet certain age and employmentcriteria. The Company acquired the Innovative plans as a result of the July 2016 Innovative Acquisition. Company contributionsto fund the pension plans are intended to provide not only for benefits attributed for service to date but also for those expected tobe earned in the future. The Company’s funding policy is to contribute to the plan such amounts as are actuarially determined tomeet funding requirements. The benefits are based on the participants’ average salary or hourly wages during the last three yearsof employment and credited service years. The Company funds the other postretirement benefit plans as benefits are paid.The weighted‑average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations for the pension and other postretirement benefit plansare as follows as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014: 2016 2015 2014 Discount Rate – Pension Benefit 4.3% 5.8% 5.8%Discount Rate – Postretirement Benefit 3.9% N/A N/A Annual salary increase 6.5% 6.5% 6.5% Expected long-term return on plan assets 6.3% 6.5% 7.0% The expected long‑term rate of return on plan assets was determined based on several factors including input frompension investment consultants, projected long‑term returns of equity and bond indices, and historical returns over the life of therelated obligations of the fund. The Company, in conjunction with its pension investment consultants, reviews its asset allocationperiodically and rebalances its investments when appropriate in an effort to earn the expected long‑term returns. The Companywill continue to evaluate its long‑term rate of return assumptions at least annually and will adjust them as necessary.The annual salary increase assumption reflects the Company’s estimated long average rate of salary increases. Theassumption is not applicable to the Innovative pension and other postretirement plans as the obligations associated with theseplans are not dependent on participant’s salaries.The discount rate was determined based on a review of market data including yields on high quality corporate bondswith maturities approximating the remaining life of the project benefit obligations.The other postretirement benefit plans healthcare cost trend assumptions is based on health care trend rates. The 2017assumed medical health care cost trend rate is 5.8% trending to an ultimate rate of 4.5% in 2075. The 2017 assumed dental carecost trend rate is 4.0% trending to an ultimate rate of 2.0% in 2030. The effect of a one-percentage-point increase in the assumedhealth care cost trend rates for each future year on the accumulated postretirement benefitF-43 Table of Contentsobligation for health care benefits and the aggregate of the service and interest cost components of net periodic postretirementhealth care benefit cost is shown below: Accumulatedpostretirementbenefitobligation Service costplus interestcost At trend 5,108 194 At trend + 1% 5,487 214 Dollar Impact 379 20 Percentage Impact 7.4% 10.3% At trend – 1% 4,775 177 Dollar Impact (333) (17) Percentage Impact (6.5)% (8.8)% Changes during the year in the projected benefit obligations and in the fair value of plan assets are as follows for 2016 and 2015(in thousands): 2016 2015 PensionBenefits PostretirementBenefits PensionBenefits PostretirementBenefits Projected benefit obligations: Balance at beginning of year: $14,400 $ — $14,093 $ — Innovative Acquisition 69,178 5,472 — — Service cost 1,308 97 652 — Interest cost 2,002 97 766 — Curtailment 128 — — — Benefits and settlements paid (6,445) (206) (1,329) — Actuarial (gain) loss (4,437) (325) 218 — Experience loss (15) (27) — — Balance at end of year $76,119 $5,108 $14,400 $ — Plan net assets: Balance at beginning of year: $11,946 $ — $13,165 $ — Innovative Acquisition 45,116 — — — Actual return on plan assets 1,717 — 110 — Company contributions 22,963 206 — — Benefits and settlements paid (6,411) (206) (1,329) — Balance at end of year $75,331 $ — $11,946 $ — Under funded status of plan $(788) $(5,108) $(2,454) $ — The Company reports an asset or liability on its balance equal to the funded status of its pension and other postretirementbenefit plans. Plans in an overfunded status are aggregated and recorded as a net benefit asset in other assets. Plans in anunderfunded status are aggregated and recorded as a net benefit liability in other liabilities. The funded status of the Company’spension and other retirement benefit plans is below (in thousands): F-44 Table of Contents 2016 2015 GTTPensionBenefit InnovativePensionBenefit PostretirementBenefits GTTPensionBenefit InnovativePensionBenefit PostretirementBenefits Projected benefit obligation $12,549 $63,571 $5,108 $14,400 $ — $ — Plan Net Assets 8,655 66,676 — 11,946 — — Over/ (Under) funded status of plan $(3,894) $3,105 $(5,108) $(2,454) $ — $ — At December 31, 2016, the Company held $5.1 million of restricted cash equal to the underfunded status of the otherpostretirement benefit plans. The cash is restricted due to the Company’s intent and specific nature of the commitment. The Company’s investment policy for its pension assets is to have a reasonably balanced investment approach, with along‑term bias toward debt investments. The Company’s strategy allocates plan assets among equity, debt and other assets toachieve long‑term returns without significant risk to principal. The GTT pension fund has limitations from investing in the equity,debt or other securities of the employer, its subsidiaries or associates of the employer or any company of which the employer is asubsidiary or an associate. Furthermore, the GTT plan must invest between 70% - 80% of its total plan assets within Guyana.F-45 Table of ContentsThe fair values for the pension plan’s net assets, by asset category, at December 31, 2016 are as follows (in thousands): Asset Category Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Cash, cash equivalents, money markets and other $32,976 $32,976 $ — $ — Common stock - domestic 17,715 17,715 — — Common stock - foreign 4,845 3,629 1,216 — Mutual funds - equities 7,141 6,180 961 — Exchange traded funds - equities 1,553 1,553 — — Fixed income mutual funds 10,142 — 10,142 — Fixed income securities 456 — 456 — Annuities 503 — — 503 Total $75,331 $62,053 $12,775 $503 The plan’s weighted‑average asset allocations at December 31, 2016 and 2015, by asset category are as follows: 2016 2015 Cash, cash equivalents, money markets and other 43.8% 81.5%Common stock - domestic 23.5 14.7 Common stock - foreign 6.4 — Mutual funds - equities 9.5 — Exchange traded funds - equities 2.1 — Fixed income mutual funds 13.5 — Fixed income securities 0.6 3.8 Annuities 0.7 — Total 100% 100%Amounts recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets consist of (in thousands): As of December 31, 2016 2015 Pensionbenefits Postretirementbenefits Pensionbenefits Postretirementbenefits Accrued and current liabilities $ — $381 $ — $ — Other Liabilities 3,894 4,727 2,454 — Other Assets 3,105 — — — Accumulated other comprehensive income /(loss), net of tax 1,418 352 (3,481) — F-46 Table of ContentsAmounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of (in thousands): As of December 31, 2016 2015 Pensionbenefits Postretirementbenefits Pensionbenefits Postretirementbenefits Net actuarial gain / (loss) $(386) $352 $(5,836) $ — Accumulated other comprehensiveincome / ( loss), pre-tax (386) 352 (5,836) — Accumulated other comprehensiveincome / ( loss), net of tax 1,418 352 (3,481) — Components of the plan’s net periodic pension cost are as follows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and2014 (in thousands): 2016 2015 2014 Pensionbenefits Postretirementbenefits Pensionbenefits Postretirementbenefits Pensionbenefits Postretirementbenefits Service cost $1,308 $97 $652 $ — $612 $ — Interest cost 2,002 97 766 — 720 — Expected return on plan assets (2,024) — (813) — (848) — Amortization of unrecognized net actuarialloss 1,271 — 245 — 218 — Curtailment 128 — — — — — Net periodic pension cost $2,685 $194 $850 $ — $702 $ — For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company expects to contribute approximately $833 its pension plans. The following estimated pension benefits, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paidover the next ten years as indicated below (in thousands): Pension Fiscal Year Benefits 2017 $4,433 2018 4,001 2019 4,348 2020 4,461 2021 4,676 2022 - 2026 22,651 $44,570 F-47 Table of Contents13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESRegulatory and Litigation Matters The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to certain regulatory and legal proceedings and other claims arising in theordinary course of business, some of which involve claims for damages and taxes that are substantial in amount. The Companybelieves that, except for the items discussed below, for which the Company is currently unable to predict the final outcome, thedisposition of proceedings currently pending will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or resultsof operations.As of December 31, 2016 the Company had approximately $10.6 million in letters of credit payable to USACoutstanding to cover its Mobility Fund obligations and there were no drawdowns against these letters of credit. The letters ofcredit accrue a fee at a rate of 1.75% per annum on the outstanding amounts. If the Company fails to comply with certain termsand conditions upon which the Mobility Funds are to be granted, or if it loses eligibility for Mobility Fund support, USAC will beentitled to draw the entire amount of the letter of credit applicable to the affected project including penalties. The Company is incompliance with all applicable terms and conditions. The results of the Company’s Mobility Fund projects are included in theCompany’s “U.S. Telecom” segment.Currently, the Company’s Guyana subsidiary, GTT, holds a license to provide domestic fixed services and internationalvoice and data services in Guyana on an exclusive basis until December 2030. Since 2001, the Government of Guyana has statedits intention to introduce additional competition into Guyana’s telecommunications sector. In connection therewith, the Companyand GTT have met on several occasions with officials of the Government of Guyana to discuss potential modifications of GTT’sexclusivity and other rights under the existing agreement and license. On July 18, 2016, the Guyana Parliament passedtelecommunications legislation, and on August 5, 2016, the legislation was signed into law, that introduces material changes tomany features of Guyana’s existing telecommunications regulatory regime with the intention of creating a more competitivemarket. In contrast to prior legislative proposals, the legislation that passed does not include a provision that permits othertelecommunications carriers to receive licenses automatically upon signing of the legislation, nor does it have the effect ofterminating the Company’s exclusive license. Instead the legislation as passed requires the Minister of Telecommunications toconduct further proceedings and issue implementing orders to enact the various provisions of the legislation. The Companycannot predict the manner in which it will be implemented by the Minister of Telecommunications. In December 2016 the Government of Guyana and the Company met to discuss modifications of the Company’sexclusivity rights and other rights under its existing agreement and license. Those discussions are on-going. However, there canbe no assurance that those discussions will be concluded before the Government issues new licenses contemplated by thelegislation or at all, or that they will satisfactorily address contractual exclusivity rights. Although the Company believes that itwould be entitled to damages or other compensation for any involuntary termination of its contractual exclusivity rights, it cannotguarantee that the Company would prevail in a proceeding to enforce its rights or that its actions would effectively halt anyunilateral action by the Government.Historically, GTT has been subject to other litigation proceedings and disputes in Guyana that, while not conclusivelyresolved, to the Company’s knowledge have not been the subject of discussions or other significant activity in the last five years.It is possible, but not likely, that these disputes, as discussed below, may be revived. The Company believes that none of theseadditional proceedings would, in the event of an adverse outcome, have a material impact on the Company’s consolidatedfinancial position, results of operation or liquidity.In a letter dated September 8, 2006, the National Frequency Management Unit (“NFMU”) agreed that total spectrumfees in Guyana should not increase for the years 2006 and 2007. However, that letter implied that spectrum fees in 2008 andonward may be increased beyond the amount GTT agreed to with the Government. GTT has objected to the NFMU’s proposedaction and reiterated its position that an increase in fees prior to development of an acceptable methodology would violate theGovernment’s prior agreement. In 2011, GTT paid the NFMU $2.6 million representing payments in full for 2008, 2009 and2010. However, by letter dated November 23, 2011, the NFMU stated that it did not concur with GTT’s inference that the amountwas payment in full for the specified years as it was their continued opinion that the final calculation for GSM spectrum fees wasnot agreed upon and was still an outstanding issue. ByF-48 Table of Contentsfurther letter dated November 24, 2011, the NFMU further rejected a proposal that was previously submitted jointly by GTT andDigicel’s which outlined a recommended methodology for the calculation of these fees. The NFMU stated that it would prepareits own recommendation which it would send to the Minister of Telecommunications for decision of the matter. GTT has paidundisputed spectrum fees according to the methodology used for its 2011 payments, and has reserved amounts payable accordingto this methodology. There have been limited further discussions on this subject and GTT has not had the opportunity to reviewany recommendation made to the Minister.In November 2007, Caribbean Telecommunications Limited (“CTL”) filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for theDistrict of New Jersey against GTT and ATN claiming breach of an interconnection agreement for domestic cellular services inGuyana and related claims. CTL asserted over $200 million in damages. GTT and ATN moved to dismiss the complaint onprocedural and jurisdictional grounds. On January 26, 2009, the court granted the motions to dismiss the complaint on thegrounds asserted. On November 7, 2009 and again on April 4, 2013, CTL filed a similar claim against GTT and the Public UtilityCommission in the High Court of Guyana. The matter remained idle from the April 2013 filing until December 2015 when CTLfiled a “Statement of Claim” reiterating the claims previously made in its prior filings. On April 7, 2016 the High Court ofGuyana struck and dismissed CTL’s action as abandoned pursuant to the Court’s rules of civil procedure and the claim is nolonger pending.On May 8, 2009, Digicel filed a lawsuit in Guyana challenging the legality of GTT’s exclusive license rights underGuyana’s constitution. Digicel initially filed this lawsuit against the Attorney General of Guyana in the High Court. On May 13,2009, GTT petitioned to intervene in the suit in order to oppose Digicel’s claims and that petition was granted on May 18, 2009.GTT filed an answer to the charge on June 22, 2009 and the case is pending. The Company believes that any legal challenge toGTT’s exclusive license rights granted in 1990 is without merit and the Company intends to vigorously defend against such alegal challenge.GTT has filed several lawsuits in the High Court of Guyana asserting that, despite its denials, Digicel is engaged ininternational bypass in violation of GTT’s exclusive license rights, the interconnection agreement between the parties, and thelaws of Guyana. GTT is seeking, among other things, injunctive relief to stop the illegal bypass activity, actual damages in excessof US$9 million and punitive damages of approximately US$5 million. Digicel filed counterclaims alleging that GTT has violatedthe terms of the interconnection agreement and Guyana laws. These suits, filed in 2010 and 2012, have yet to proceed to trial andit remains uncertain as to when a trial date may be set. GTT intends to vigorously prosecute these matters.GTT is also involved in several legal claims regarding its tax filings with the Guyana Revenue Authority dating back to1991 regarding the deductibility of intercompany advisory fees as well as other tax assessments. Should GTT be held liable forany of the disputed tax assessments, totaling $44.1 million, the Company believes that the Government of Guyana would then beobligated to reimburse GTT for any amounts necessary to ensure that GTT’s return on investment was no less than 15% perannum for the relevant periods. The Company believes that some adverse outcome is probable and has accordingly accrued $5.0million as of December 31, 2016 for these matters. F-49 Table of ContentsLease Commitments and Other ObligationsThe Company leases approximately 2.7 million square feet for its operations centers, administrative offices and retailstores as well as certain tower sites under non‑cancelable operating leases. The Company’s obligations for payments under theseleases are as follows at December 31, 2016 (in thousands): 2017 20,908 2018 26,120 2019 16,100 2020 17,090 2021 7,170 Thereafter 15,009 Total obligations under operating leases $102,397 Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $19.8 million, $17.0 million and$15.0 million, respectively. 14. RELATED‑‑PARTY TRANSACTIONS In October 2014, the Company’s U.S. Virgin Islands business, Choice Communications, LLC (“Choice”), entered into atower lease with Tropical Tower Ltd (“Tropical Tower”), an entity 90% owned by Cornelius B. Prior, Jr., the Chairman of theCompany’s Board of Directors. When aggregated with amounts that Choice currently pays to Tropical Tower for an existingtower lease entered into in April 2012, Choice will pay approximately $117,000 per year in rental payments to Tropical Tower.Each tower lease has an initial term of five years, with two additional five year renewal periods and has provisions for an increasein rent by 5% each year. Our Audit Committee reviewed the specific structure and terms of the October 2014 lease, as negotiatedby Choice management, and unanimously approved the arrangement described above in accordance with the terms of ourRelated Person Transaction Policy. 15. SEGMENT REPORTINGFor the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company had five reportable segments for separate disclosure in accordancewith the FASB’s authoritative guidance on disclosures about segments of an enterprise. Those five segments were:i) U.S. Wireless, which generated all of its revenues in and had all of its assets located in the United States, ii) InternationalIntegrated Telephony, which generated all of its revenues in and had all of its assets located in Guyana, iii) Island Wireless, whichgenerated a majority of its revenues in, and had a majority of its assets located in, Bermuda and which also generated revenues inand had assets located in the U.S. Virgin Islands, Aruba and Turks and Caicos (through March 23, 2015), iv) U.S. Wireline,which generated all of its revenues in and had all of its assets located in the United States, and v) Renewable Energy, whichgenerated all of its revenues in and had all of its assets located in the United States. The operating segments were managedseparately because each offers different services and serves different markets. To be consistent with how management allocates resources and assesses the performance of its business operations in 2016, theCompany updated its reportable and operating segments in the first quarter of the year to consist of the following: i) U.S.Telecom, consisting of the Company’s former U.S. Wireless and U.S. Wireline segments, ii) International Telecom, consisting ofthe Company’s former Island Wireless and International Integrated Telephony segments and the results of its OneCommunications and Innovative Acquisitions as discussed below, and iii) Renewable Energy, consisting of the Company’sformer Renewable Energy segment and the results of its Vibrant Energy Acquisition. The prior year segment information hasbeen recast to conform to the current year’s segment presentation.F-50 Table of ContentsThe following tables provide information for each operating segment (in thousands): For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 U.S. International Renewable Reconciling Telecom Telecom Energy Items (1) ConsolidatedRevenue Wireless $148,053 $80,745 $ — $ — $228,798Wireline 26,448 161,571 — — 188,019Equipment and Other 2,225 15,960 393 — 18,578Renewable Energy — — 21,608 — 21,608Total Revenue 176,726 258,276 22,001 — 457,003Depreciation and amortization 24,471 40,492 4,987 6,030 75,980Non-cash stock-based compensation — 22 114 6,274 6,410Operating income (loss) 49,078 35,436 (246) (34,471) 49,797 For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 U.S. International Renewable Reconciling Telecom Telecom Energy Items (1) ConsolidatedRevenue Wireless $155,390 $81,652 $ — $ — $237,042Wireline 25,241 61,244 — — 86,485Equipment and Other 2,355 8,447 — — 10,802Renewable Energy — — 21,040 — 21,040Total Revenue 182,986 151,342 21,040 — 355,369Depreciation and amortization 22,239 24,883 4,820 4,948 56,890Non-cash stock-based compensation — — 267 4,708 4,975Operating income (loss) 74,459 28,200 6,720 (30,784) 78,595 For the Year Ended December 31, 2014 U.S. International Renewable Reconciling Telecom Telecom Energy Items (1) ConsolidatedRevenue Wireless $153,040 $88,650 $ — $ — $241,690Wireline 26,155 59,129 — — 85,284Equipment and Other 1,196 7,728 449 — 9,373Total Revenue 180,391 155,506 449 — 336,347Depreciation and amortization 19,070 28,079 105 3,980 51,234Non-cash stock-based compensation — — — 4,323 4,323Operating income (loss) 85,519 28,674 (2,218) (26,399) 85,576 F-51 Table of Contents U.S. International Renewable Reconciling Telecom Telecom Energy Items (1) ConsolidatedDecember 31, 2016 Net fixed assets $129,274 $372,741 $130,268 $15,429 $647,712Goodwill 35,269 24,326 3,279 — 62,873Total assets 240,006 597,454 190,253 170,505 1,198,218December 31, 2015 Net fixed assets $119,596 $133,262 $106,560 $14,085 $373,503Goodwill 39,639 5,438 — — 45,077Total assets 227,707 278,770 122,788 315,739 945,004 Capital Expenditures U.S. International Renewable Reconciling Year ended December 31, Telecom Telecom Energy Items (1) Consolidated 2016 $31,983 $62,808 $22,615 $6,876 $124,282 2015 37,588 22,804 38 4,323 64,753 (1)Reconciling items refer to corporate overhead expenses and consolidating adjustments.The table below identifies the Company’s revenues and long-lived assets by geographic location. The Company attributesrevenue to geographic location based on location of the customer (in thousands): 2016 2015 2014 Long-Lived Long-Lived Long-Lived Revenues Assets Revenues Assets Revenues Assets U.S. $198,300 $265,528 $204,024 $247,169 $180,841 $240,341 Guyana 91,653 132,609 88,894 109,829 86,931 108,738 U.S Virgin Islands 58,431 110,773 11,542 9,621 11,583 10,027 Bermuda 83,006 94,976 45,745 13,483 46,917 12,507 Other Foreign Countries 25,613 76,575 5,164 927 10,075 5,419 $457,003 $680,461 $355,369 $381,029 $336,347 $377,032 F-52 Table of Contents16. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) Following is a summary of the Company’s quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016 and2015 (in thousands): 2016 Consolidated for the Three Months Ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31Total revenue $89,686 $99,991 $138,795 $128,531Operating expenses 73,793 98,079 116,714 118,620Income from operations 15,893 1,912 22,081 9,911Other income (expense), net (464) (853) (785) (2,321)Income (Loss)from continuing operations before income taxes 15,429 1,059 21,296 7,590Income taxes 4,631 2,945 9,602 3,982Income (Loss) from continuing operations 10,798 (1,886) 11,694 3,608Income from discontinued operations: Income from discontinued operations, net of tax — — — —Net income 10,798 (1,886) 11,694 3,608Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax: Continuing operations (4,678) (1,200) (4,523) (1,712)Net income attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders 6,120 (3,086) 7,171 1,896Net income per weighted average basic share attributable to ATNInternational, Inc. stockholders Continuing operations 0.38 (0.19) 0.44 0.12Total 0.38 (0.19) 0.44 0.12Net income per weighted average diluted share attributable to ATNInternational, Inc. stockholders Continuing operations 0.38 (0.19) 0.44 0.12Total 0.38 (0.19) 0.44 0.12 2015 Consolidated for the Three Months Ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Total revenue $85,345 $90,326 $96,782 $82,916 Operating expenses 66,187 61,594 74,258 74,735 Income from operations 19,158 28,732 22,524 8,181 Other income (expense), net (20,528) (706) (742) (418) Income from continuing operations before income taxes (1,370) 28,026 21,782 7,763 Income taxes (487) 13,008 10,134 1,482 Income from continuing operations (883) 15,018 11,648 6,281 Income from discontinued operations: Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax 389 — — 702 Income from discontinued operations, net of tax 390 — — 702 Net income (493) 15,018 11,648 6,983 Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax: Continuing operations (2,777) (5,568) (5,072) (2,799) Discontinued operations — — — — Disposal of discontinued operations — — — — F-53 Table of ContentsNet income attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders (3,270) 9,450 6,576 4,184 Net income per weighted average basic share attributable to ATN International, Inc.stockholders Continuing operations (0.18) 0.59 0.41 0.17 Discontinued operations: Discontinued operations 0.07 — — — Gain on sale of discontinued operations — — — — Total discontinued operations 0.07 — — — Total (0.11) 0.59 0.41 0.17 Net income per weighted average diluted share attributable to ATN International, Inc.stockholders Continuing operations (0.18) 0.59 0.41 0.16 Discontinued operations: Discontinued operations 0.07 — — — Gain on Sale of discontinued operations — — — — Total discontinued operations 0.07 — — — Total (0.11) 0.59 0.41 0.16 During the three months ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized an approximate $0.7 million benefit to correct fortax basis differences and expense recognition related to prior periods. Of these errors, $0.7 million primarily related to the threemonths ended September 30, 2015. During the three months ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized an approximate $0.8 million charge to correct for a$0.3 million understatement of expense related primarily to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 in our InternationalTelecom segment and a $0.5 million reduction to revenue primarily related to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 in ourRenewable Energy segment. The Company determined that the impact of the correction of these errors was not material to the current or any prior periodfinancial statements. F-54 Table of ContentsSCHEDULE I IATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESVALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS(Amounts in Thousands) Balance at Purchase Charged to Balance Beginning Price Costs and at End of Year Accounting Expenses Deductions of Year YEAR ENDED, December 31, 2014 Description: Valuation allowance on foreign tax credit carryforwards $13,576 $ — $ — $2,999 $10,577 Valuation allowance on foreign net operating losses 1,610 — — 110 1,500 Valuation allowance on state net operating losses 1,126 — 561 — 1,687 Allowance for doubtful accounts 9,005 — 2,417 80 11,342 $25,317 $ — $2,978 $3,189 $25,106 YEAR ENDED, December 31, 2015 Description: Valuation allowance on foreign tax credit carryforwards $10,577 $ — $ — $6,397 $4,180 Valuation allowance on foreign net operating losses 1,500 — 172 — 1,672 Valuation allowance on state net operating losses 1,687 — 275 — 1,962 Allowance for doubtful accounts 11,342 — 858 2,906 9,294 $25,106 $ — $1,305 $9,303 $17,108 YEAR ENDED, December 31, 2016 Description: Valuation allowance on foreign tax credit carryforwards $4,180 $ — $ $4,180 $ — Valuation allowance on foreign net operating losses 1,672 41,941 217 1,922 41,908 Valuation allowance on state net operating losses 1,962 — — 1,409 553 Allowance for doubtful accounts 9,294 — 5,095 1,240 13,149 $17,108 $41,941 $5,312 $8,751 $55,610 F-55 Table of ContentsEXHIBIT INDE Xto Form 10‑‑K for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 2.1 Purchase Agreement, effective as of September 30, 2015, by and among Caribbean Asset Holdings, LLC,National Rural Utilities Cooperative Finance Corporation, ATN VI Holdings, LLC and ATN International, Inc.(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12593)for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015 filed on November 9, 2015 ).2.2 Amendment No. 1 to the Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2016, by and among National Rural UtilitiesCooperative Finance Corporation, Caribbean Asset Holdings, LLC, ATN VI Holdings, LLC, and ATNInternational, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q(file No. 001-12593) for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2016 filed on August 9, 2016).2.3 Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 24, 2014, by and among AhanaOperations, LLC, Green Lake Capital, LLC, Walsin Lihwa Corp. and the Companies named therein (incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8‑K (File No. 001‑12593) filed onDecember 29, 2014).2.4 Transaction Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2015, by and among ATN International, Inc., ATN CaribbeanHoldings, Ltd., ATN Bermuda Holdings Ltd., KeyTech Limited and Chancery Holdings Limited (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on October 6,2015).3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ATN International, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to theCompany’s Registration Statement on Form S‑8 (File No. 333‑62416) filed on June 6, 2001).3.2 Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ATN International, Inc., as filed with theDelaware Secretary of State on August 14, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’sQuarterly Report on Form 10‑Q (File No. 001‑12593) for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2006 filed onAugust 14, 2006).3.3 Certificate of Amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed June 10, 2016 andeffective June 21, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Periodic Report on Form 8-K(File No. 001-12593) filed on June 27, 2016).3.4 **Amended and Restated By-Laws, effective as of February 27, 2017.10.1 *ATN International, Inc. 1998 Stock Option Plan (as amended May 24, 2007 incorporated by reference toAppendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A (File No. 001‑12593) filed on April 30, 2007).10.2 *Director’s Remuneration Plan as amended as of November 2, 1999 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 tothe Company’s Registration Statement on Form S‑8 (File No. 333‑62416) filed on June 6, 2001).10.3 *Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under 1998 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference toExhibit 4.8 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S‑8 (File No. 333‑62416) filed on June 6, 2001).10.4 *2005 Restricted Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s RegistrationStatement on Form S‑8 (File No. 333‑62416) filed on May 24, 2005).10.5 *ATN International, Inc. 2008 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (incorporated by reference toAppendix C of the Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A (File No. 001‑12593) filed on May 2, 2011).10.6 *Form of Notice of Grant of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Agreement under 2008 Equity Incentive Plan(Non‑Employee Directors) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report onForm 8‑K (File No. 001‑12593) filed on May 21, 2008).10.7 *Form of Notice of Grant of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Agreement under 2008 Equity Incentive Plan(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8‑K (File No. 001‑ 12593)filed on May 21, 2008).10.8 *Form of Notice of Grant of Incentive Stock Option and Option Agreement under 2008 Equity Incentive Plan(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8‑K (File No. 001‑ 12593)filed on May 21, 2008).Ex-1 Table of Contents10.9 *Form of Notice of Grant of Nonqualified Stock Option and Option Agreement under 2008 Equity Incentive Plan(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8‑K (File No. 001‑ 12593)filed on May 21, 2008).10.10 *Deferred Compensation Plan for Select Employees of ATN International, Inc. (incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8‑K (File No. 001‑12593) filed on January 6, 2009).10.14 Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of December 19, 2014 by and among the Company, asBorrower, CoBank, ACB, as Administrative Agent, Lead Arranger, Swingline Lender, an Issuing Lender and aLender, Fifth Third Bank, as a Joint Lead Arranger, MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as a Joint Lead Arranger and anIssuing Lender, the Guarantors named therein and the other Lenders named therein (incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8‑K (File No. 001‑12593) filed on December 23, 2014).10.15 Amendment, Consent and Confirmation Agreement, dated January 11, 2016, by and among ATNInternational, Inc. , as Borrower, CoBank, ACB, as Administrative Agent, and the Guarantors and other Lendersnamed therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8‑K (FileNo. 001‑12593) filed on January 15, 2016).10.16 Amendment to the Agreement between the Government of the Co‑Operative Republic of Guyana and ATNInternational, Inc., dated November 2, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company’sAnnual Report on Form 10‑K (File No. 001‑12593) for the year ended December 31, 2012 filed on March 18,2013).10.20 *Form of Severance Agreement executed between the Company and Mssrs. Benincasa, Slap, Kreisher, andFougere dated as of February 26, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company’s AnnualReport on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on February 29, 2016).10.21 *Severance Agreement between the Company and Mr. Michael Prior, dated as of February 26, 2016 (incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12593) filed onFebruary 29, 2016).10.22 Loan Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2016, by and among ATN VI Holdings, LLC, Caribbean Asset HoldingsLLC, and Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’sQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12593) for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2016 filed onAugust 9, 2016 ).10.23 Commitment Letter, dated September 24, 2015, from Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative to ATN VI Holdings,LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on February 29, 2016).10.24 Rate Lock Option Letter, dated September 30, 2015, between Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative and ATN VIHoldings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (FileNo. 001-12593) filed on February 29, 2016).21 **Subsidiaries of ATN International, Inc.23.1 **Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm—PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.31.1 **Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a‑ 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,as adopted pursuant to Rule 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002.31.2 **Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a‑ 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,as adopted pursuant to Rule 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002.32.1 **Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant toSection 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002.32.2 **Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant toSection 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002.101.INS**XBRL Instance Document101.SCH**XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CAL**XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEF**XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LAB**XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase DocumentEx-2 Table of Contents101.PRE**XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.** Filed herewith.Ex-3Exhibit 3.4BY-LAWS OFATN INTERNATIONAL, INC.as amended and restated on February 27, 2017(A Delaware Corporation)ARTICLE I OfficesSECTION 1. Registered Office . The registered office of the Corporation within the State ofDelaware shall be in the City of Dover, County of Kent.SECTION 2. Other Offices . The Corporation may also have an office or offices other than saidregistered office at such place or places, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board ofDirectors shall from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.ARTICLE II Meetings of StockholdersSECTION 1. Place of Meetings . All meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors orfor any other purpose shall be held at any such place, either within or without the state of Delaware, asshall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of meeting or in aduly executed waiver thereof.SECTION 2. Annual Meeting . The annual meeting of stockholders, commencing with the year1990, shall be held at such date and at such time as shall be designated from time to time by the Board ofDirectors and stated in the notice of meeting or in a duly executed waiver thereof. At such annualmeeting, the stockholders shall elect a Board of Directors and transact such other business as mayproperly be brought before the meeting.SECTION 3. Special Meetings . Special meetings of stockholders, unless otherwise prescribedby statute, may be called at any time by the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board, if one shallhave been elected, or the President and shall be called by the Secretary upon the request in writing of astockholder or stockholders holding of record at least fifty percent of the voting power of the issued andoutstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting.SECTION 4. Notice of Meetings . Except as otherwise expressly required by statute, writtennotice of each annual and special meeting of stockholders stating the date, place and hour of the meetingand, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall begiven to each stockholder of record entitled to vote thereat not less than ten nor more1 than sixty days before the date of the meeting. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholdersshall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice. Notice shall be given personally or by mail orfacsimile machine and, if by mail, shall be sent in a postage prepaid envelope, addressed to thestockholder at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation. Notice by mail shall be deemedgiven at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid. Notice ofany meeting shall not be required to be given to any person who attends such meeting, except when suchperson attends the meeting in person or by proxy for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning ofthe meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened, orwho, either before or after the meeting, shall submit a signed written waiver of notice, in person or byproxy. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, an annual or special meeting ofstockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice.SECTION 5. List of Stockholders . The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of theCorporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before each meeting of stockholders, a complete listof the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address ofand the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to theexamination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours,for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city, town or villagewhere the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of meeting; or, if notspecified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall be produced and kept at the time andplace of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who ispresent.SECTION 6. Quorum, Adjournments . The holders of a majority of the voting power of theissued and outstanding stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereat, present in person or representedby proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings of stockholders, exceptas otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation. If, however, such quorum shall notbe present or represented by proxy at any meeting of stockholders, the stockholders entitled to votethereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from timeto time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present orrepresented by proxy. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented byproxy, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originallycalled. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days or, if after adjournment a new record date is set, anotice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at themeeting.SECTION 7. Organization . At each meeting of stockholders, the Chairman of the Board, if oneshall have been elected or, in his absence or if one shall not have been elected, the President shall act aschairman of the meeting. The Secretary or, in his absence or inability to act, the person whom thechairman of the meeting shall appoint secretary of the meeting shall act as secretary of the meeting andkeep the minutes thereof.SECTION 8. Order of Business . The order of business at all meetings of the stockholders shallbe as determined by the chairman of the meeting.2 SECTION 9. Voting . Except as otherwise provided by statute or the Certificate ofIncorporation, each stockholder of the Corporation shall be entitled at each meeting of stockholders toone vote for each share of capital stock of the Corporation standing in his name on the record ofstockholders of the Corporation:(a) on the date fixed pursuant to the provisions of Section 7 of ArticleV of these By-Laws as the record date for the determination of the stockholders who shall beentitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting; or(b) if no such record date shall have been so fixed, then at the close ofbusiness on the day next preceding the day on which notice thereof shall be given, or, if notice iswaived, at the close of business on the date next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.Each stockholder of record entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may vote in person(including by means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders may be deemed to bepresent in person and vote at such meeting) or may authorize another person or persons to vote for suchstockholder by a proxy executed or transmitted in a manner permitted by the General Corporation Law ofthe State of Delaware by the stockholder or the stockholder’s authorized agent and delivered (includingby means of electronic or telephonic transmission) to the Secretary of the Corporation. No such proxyshall be voted upon after three years from the date of its execution, unless the proxy expressly providesfor a longer period. Any such proxy shall be delivered to the secretary of the meeting at or prior to thetime designated in the order of business for so delivering such proxies. When a quorum is present at anymeeting, the vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding stock ofthe Corporation entitled to vote thereon, present in person or represented by proxy, shall decide anyquestion brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which by express provision ofstatute or of the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, a different vote is required, in which casesuch express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question. Unless required by statute,or determined by the chairman of the meeting to be advisable, the vote on any question need not be byballot. On a vote by ballot, each ballot shall be signed by the stockholder voting, or by his proxy, if therebe such proxy, and shall state the number of shares voted.SECTION 10. Inspectors . The Board of Directors may, in advance of any meeting ofstockholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at such meeting or any adjournment thereof. If any ofthe inspectors so appointed shall fail to appear or act, the chairman of the meeting shall, or if inspectorsshall not have been appointed, the chairman of the meeting may, appoint one or more inspectors. Eachinspector, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully toexecute the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of hisability. The inspectors shall determine the number of shares of capital stock of the corporationoutstanding and the voting power of each, the number of shares represented at the meeting, the existenceof a quorum, the validity and effect of proxies, and shall receive votes, ballots or consents, hear anddetermine all challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate allvotes, ballots or consents, determine the results, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election orvote with fairness to all stockholders. On request of the chairman of the meeting, the inspectors shallmake a report in writing of any challenge, request or matter determined by them and shall execute acertificate of any fact found by them. No director or3 candidate for the office of director shall act as an inspector of an election of directors. Inspectors need notbe stockholders.SECTION 11. Action by Consent . Whenever the vote of stockholders at a meeting thereof isrequired or permitted to be taken for or in connection with any corporate action, by any provision ofstatute or of the Certificate of Incorporation or of these By-Laws, the meeting and vote of stockholdersmay be dispensed with, and the action taken without such meeting and vote, if a consent in writing,setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less thanthe minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting atwhich all shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon were present and voted.ARTICLE III Board of DirectorsSECTION 1. General Powers . The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed byor under the direction of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may exercise all such authorityand powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or theCertificate of Incorporation directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.SECTION 2. Number, Qualifications, Term of Office and Election . The number of directorsconstituting the initial Board of Directors shall be one. Thereafter, the number of directors may be fixed,from time to time, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors or by action ofthe stockholders of the Corporation. Any decrease in the number of directors shall be effective at thetime of the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders unless there shall be vacancies in the Boardof Directors, in which case such decrease may become effective at any time prior to the next succeedingannual meeting to the extent of the number of such vacancies. Directors need not bestockholders. Except as otherwise provided by statute or these By-Laws, the directors (other thanmembers of the initial Board of Directors) shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders. Eachdirector shall hold office until his successor shall have been elected and qualified, or until his death, oruntil he shall have resigned, or have been removed, as hereinafter provided in these By-Laws.Each director shall be elected by the vote of the majority of the votes cast with respect to thatdirector’s election at any meeting for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, provided thatif the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected at such meeting (a “contestedelection”), the directors shall be elected by the vote of a plurality of the votes cast. For purposes of thisSection 2, “a majority of the votes cast” shall mean that the number of votes cast “for” a director’selection exceeds the number of votes cast “against” that director’s election (with “abstentions” and“broker non-votes” not counted as a vote cast either “for” or “against” that director’s election).4 If, in an election that is not a contested election, an incumbent director does not receive a majorityof the votes cast, such director shall submit an irrevocable resignation to the Nominating and CorporateGovernance Committee, or such other committee designated by the Board of Directors pursuant to theseBy-laws. Such committee shall make a recommendation to the Board of Directors as to whether to acceptor reject the resignation of such incumbent director, or whether other action should be taken. The Boardof Directors shall act on the resignation, taking into account the committee’s recommendation, andpublicly disclose (by filing an appropriate disclosure with the Securities and Exchange Commission) itsdecision regarding the resignation within ninety days following certification of the election results. Thecommittee in making its recommendation and the Board of Directors in making its decision each mayconsider any factors and other information that they consider appropriate and relevant.If the Board of Directors accepts a director’s resignation pursuant to this Section 2, or if anominee for director is not elected and the nominee is not an incumbent director, then the Board ofDirectors may fill the resulting vacancy pursuant to Section 11 of Article III of these By-laws.SECTION 3. Place of Meetings . Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such placeor places, within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to timedetermine or as shall be specified in the notice of any such meeting.SECTION 4. Annual Meeting . The Board of Directors shall meet for the purpose oforganization, the election of officers and the transaction of other business, as soon as practicable aftereach annual meeting of stockholders, on the same day and at the same place where such annual meetingshall be held. Notice of such meeting need not be given. In the event such annual meeting is not so held,the annual meeting of the Board of Directors may be held at such other time or place (within or withoutthe State of Delaware) as shall be specified in a notice thereof given as hereinafter provided in Section 7of this Article III.SECTION 5. Regular Meetings . Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held atsuch time and place as the Board of Directors may fix. If any day fixed for a regular meeting shall be alegal holiday at the place where the meeting is to be held, then the meeting which would otherwise beheld on that day shall be held at the same hour on the next succeeding business day. Notice of regularmeetings of the Board of Directors need not be given except as otherwise required by statute or these By-Laws.SECTION 6. Special Meetings . Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by theChairman of the Board, if one shall have been elected, or by two or more directors of the Corporation orby the President.SECTION 7. Notice of Meetings . Notice of each special meeting of the Board of Directors (andof each regular meeting for which notice shall be required) shall be given by the Secretary as hereinafterprovided in this Section 7, in which notice shall be stated the time and place of the meeting. Except asotherwise required by these By-Laws, such notice need not state the purposes of such meeting. Notice ofeach such meeting shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to each director, addressed to him at his residence orusual place of business, by first class mail, at least two days before the day on which such meeting is tobe held, or shall be sent addressed to him at such place by telegraph, cable, telex, telecopier, facsimile orother similar means, or be delivered to him personally or be given to him by telephone or other similarmeans, at least twenty-four hours before5 the time at which such meeting is to be held. Notice of any such meeting need not be given to anydirector who shall, either before or after the meeting, submit a signed waiver of notice or who shall attendsuch meeting, except when he shall attend for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of themeeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.SECTION 8. Quorum and Manner of Acting . A majority of the entire Board of Directors shallconstitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, and, exceptas otherwise expressly required by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the act ofa majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of theBoard of Directors. In the absence of a quorum at any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority ofthe directors present thereat may adjourn such meeting to another time and place. Notice of the time andplace of any such adjourned meeting shall be given to all of the directors unless such time and place wereannounced at the meeting at which the adjournment was taken, in which case such notice shall only begiven to the directors who were not present thereat. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum ispresent, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originallycalled. The directors shall act only as a Board of Directors and the individual directors shall have nopower as such.SECTION 9. Organization . At each meeting of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of theBoard, if one shall have been elected, or, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board or if one shall nothave been elected, the President (or, in his absence, another director chosen by a majority of the directorspresent) shall act as chairman of the meeting and preside thereat. The Secretary or, in his absence, anyperson appointed by the chairman shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof.SECTION 10. Resignations . Any director of the Corporation may resign by delivering aresignation in writing or by electronic transmission to the Corporation at its principal office or to theChairman of the Board, the President or the Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receiptunless it is specified to be effective at some later time or upon the happening of some later event,including, in the case of a resignation delivered pursuant to Section 2 of this Article III, upon theacceptance of such resignation by the Board of Directors.SECTION 11. Vacancies . Any vacancy in the Board of Directors, whether arising from death,resignation, removal (with or without cause), an increase in the number of directors or any other cause,may be filled by the vote of a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by thesole remaining director or by the stockholders at the next annual meeting thereof or at a special meetingthereof. Each director so elected shall hold office until his successor shall have been duly elected andqualified.SECTION 12. Removal of Directors . Any director may be removed, either with or withoutcause, at any time, by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding capitalstock of the Corporation entitled to vote at an election of directors.SECTION 13. Compensation . The Board of Directors shall have authority to fix thecompensation for their services as directors and members of committees of the Board of Directors,together with reimbursement of expenses for attendance at meetings of the Board of Directors and forattendance at meetings of committees of the Board of Directors when such committee meetings6 are held at a time other than in conjunction with the meetings of the Board of Directors. Any directormay also serve the Corporation in any other capacity and may receive compensation therefor.SECTION 14. Committees . The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority ofthe entire Board of Directors, designate one or more committees, including an executive committee, eachcommittee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors maydesignate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent ordisqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In addition, in the absence or disqualification of amember of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualifiedfrom voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member ofthe Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.Except to the extent restricted by statute or the Certificate of incorporation, each such committee,to the extent provided in the resolution creating it, shall have and may exercise all the powers andauthority of the Board of Directors and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to allpapers which require it. Each such committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors andhave such name as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors.SECTION 15. Action by Consent . Unless restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, anyaction required or permitted to be taken by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be takenwithout a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be,consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the written consents or electronictransmissions are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors or such committee,as the case may be. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form andshall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.SECTION 16. Telephonic Meeting . Unless restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, anyone or more members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting ofthe Board of Directors or such committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communicationsequipment by means of which all persons present at the meeting are able to hear and participate in suchmeeting. Participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.ARTICLE IV OfficersSECTION 1. Number and Qualifications . The officers of the Corporation shall be elected by theBoard of Directors and shall include the Chairman of the Board, the President, one or more Vice-Presidents, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer and the Secretary. If the Board of Directors wishes,it may also elect other officers (including one or more Assistant Treasurers and one or more AssistantSecretaries) as may be necessary or desirable for the business of the Corporation. Any two or moreoffices may be held by the same person, and no officer except the Chairman of the Board need be adirector. Each officer shall hold office until his successor shall7 have been duly elected and shall have qualified, or until his death, or until he shall have resigned or havebeen removed, as hereinafter provided in these By-Laws.SECTION 2. Resignations . Any officer of the Corporation may resign by delivering aresignation in writing or by electronic transmission to the Corporation at its principal office or to thePresident or the Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to beeffective at some later time or upon the happening of some later event.SECTION 3. Removal . Any officer of the Corporation may be removed, either with or withoutcause, at any time, by the Board of Directors at any meeting thereof.SECTION 4. Chairman of the Board . The Chairman of the Board, if one shall have beenelected, shall be a member of the Board of Directors, an officer of the Corporation and, if present, shallpreside at each meeting of the Board of Directors or the stockholders. He shall advise and counsel withthe President and, in the President’s absence, with other executives of the Corporation, and shall performsuch other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.SECTION 5. [This section is intentionally omitted.]SECTION 6. The President . The President shall, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board orif the Chairman of the Board shall not have been elected, preside at each meeting of the Board ofDirectors or the stockholders. The President shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation andshall perform all duties incident to the office of President and chief executive officer and such otherduties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.SECTION 7. Vice-President . Each Vice-President shall perform all such duties as from time totime may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors or the President. At the request of the President orin the President’s absence or in the event of the President’s inability or refusal to act, the Vice-President,or if there shall be more than one, the Vice-Presidents in the order determined by the Board of Directors(or if there be no such determination, then the Vice-Presidents in the order of their election), shallperform the duties of the President, and, when so acting, shall have the powers of and be subject to therestrictions placed upon the President in respect of the performance of such duties.SECTION 8. Chief Financial Officer . The Chief Financial Officer shall perform all such dutiesas may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.SECTION 9. Treasurer . The Treasurer shall:(a) have charge and custody of, and be responsible for, all the fundsand securities of the Corporation;(b) keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements inbooks belonging to the Corporation;8 (c) deposit all moneys and other valuables to the credit of theCorporation in such depositaries as may be designated by the Board of Directors or pursuant to itsdirection;(d) receive, and give receipts for, moneys due and payable to theCorporation from any source whatsoever;(e) disburse the funds of the Corporation and supervise the investmentof its funds, taking proper vouchers therefor;(f) render to the Board of Directors, whenever the Board of Directorsmay require, an account of the financial condition of the Corporation; and(g) in general, perform all duties incident to the office of Treasurerand such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.SECTION 10. Secretary . The Secretary shall:(a) keep or cause to be kept in one or more books provided for thepurpose, the minutes of all meetings of the Board of Directors, the committees of the Board ofDirectors and the stockholders;(b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with theprovisions of these By-Laws and as required by law;(c) be custodian of the records and the seal of the corporation and affixand attest the seal to all certificates for shares of the Corporation (unless the seal of theCorporation on such certificates shall be a facsimile, as hereinafter provided) and affix and attestthe seal to all other documents to be executed on behalf of the Corporation under its seal;(d) see that the books, reports, statements, certificates and otherdocuments and records required by law to be kept and filed are properly kept and filed; and(e) in general, perform all duties incident to the office of Secretary andsuch other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.SECTION 11. The Assistant Treasurer . The Assistant Treasurer, or if there shall be more thanone, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no suchdetermination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event ofhis inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer and shallperform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board of Directors.SECTION 12. The Assistant Secretary . The Assistant Secretary, or if there shall be more thanone, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no suchdetermination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the secretary or in9 the event of his inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary andshall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board of Directors.SECTION 13. Officers’ Bonds or Other Security . If required by the Board of Directors, anyofficer of the Corporation shall give a bond or other security for the faithful performance of his duties, insuch amount and with such surety as the Board of Directors may require.SECTION 14. Compensation . The compensation of the officers of the Corporation for theirservices as such officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors. An officer of theCorporation shall not be prevented from receiving compensation by reason of the fact that he is also adirector of the Corporation.ARTICLE V Stock Certificates and Their TransferSECTION 1. Stock Certificates . Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled tohave a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, the Chairman of the Board or thePresident or a Vice-President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or anAssistant Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by him in theCorporation. If the Corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more thanone series of any class, the designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other specialrights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restriction of suchpreferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificatewhich the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, provided that, except asotherwise provided in Section 202 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, in lieu of theforegoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate which theCorporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, a statement that the Corporation willfurnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the designations, preferences and relative,participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications,limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.SECTION 2. Facsimile Signatures . Any or all of the signatures on a certificate may be afacsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature hasbeen placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before suchcertificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer,transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.SECTION 3. Lost Certificates . The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate orcertificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the corporationalleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate orcertificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuancethereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legalrepresentative, to: (a) make proof in affidavit form that it has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken;(b) give to the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct sufficient to indemnify it against anyclaim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft or10 destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate; or (c) impose any otherreasonable requirements.SECTION 4. Transfers of Stock . Upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of theCorporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession,assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate to theperson entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its records; provided , however , that the corporation shall be entitled to recognize and enforce any lawful restriction ontransfer. Whenever any transfer of stock shall be made for collateral security, and not absolutely, it shallbe so expressed in the entry of transfer if, when the certificates are presented to the Corporation fortransfer, both the transferor and the transferee request the Corporation to do so.SECTION 5. Transfer Agents and Registrars . The Board of Directors may appoint, or authorizeany officer or officers to appoint, one or more transfer agents and one or more registrars.SECTION 6. Regulations . The Board of Directors may make such additional rules andregulations, not inconsistent with these By-Laws, as it may deem expedient concerning the issue, transferand registration of certificates for shares of stock of the Corporation.SECTION 7. Fixing the Record Date . In order that the Corporation may determine thestockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, orto express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of anydividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of anychange, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board ofDirectors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten daysbefore the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action. A determination ofstockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to anyadjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date forthe adjourned meeting.SECTION 8. Registered Stockholders . The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize theexclusive right of a person registered on its records as the owner of shares of stock to receive dividendsand to vote as such owner, shall be entitled to hold liable, in accordance with Sections 162-63 of theGeneral Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, for calls and assessments a person registered on itsrecords as the owner of shares of stock, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claimto or interest in such share or shares of stock on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall haveexpress or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.ARTICLE VI Indemnification of Directors and OfficersSECTION 1. General . The corporation shall indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by theGeneral Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, any person who was or is a party or is threatened tobe made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil,criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) byreason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the11 corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agentof another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (includingattorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by himin connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonablybelieved to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminalaction or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination ofany action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of a nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in goodfaith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of thecorporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe thathis conduct was unlawful.SECTION 2. Derivative Actions . The Corporation shall indemnify, to the fullest extentpermitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, any person who was or is a party oris threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the rightof the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director,officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as adirector, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or otherenterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees). actually and reasonably incurred by him inconnection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a mannerhe reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, provided that noindemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall havebeen adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery ofthe State of Delaware or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine uponapplication that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, suchperson is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery orsuch other court shall deem proper.SECTION 3. Indemnification in Certain cases . To the extent that a director, officer, employeeor agent of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suitor proceeding referred to in Sections 1 and 2 of this Article VI, or in defense of any claim, issue or mattertherein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonablyincurred by him in connection therewith.SECTION 4. Procedure . Any indemnification under Sections 1 and 2 of this Article VI (unlessordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon adetermination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in thecircumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in such Sections 1 and2. Such determination shall be made (a) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorumconsisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding; or (b) if such a quorum isnot obtainable or, even if obtainable, a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legalcounsel in a written opinion; or (c) by the stockholders.SECTION 5. Advances for Expenses . Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal action,suit or proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suitor proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director, officer,12 employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall be ultimately determined that he is not entitled to beindemnified by the corporation as authorized in this Article VI.SECTION 6. Rights Not-Exclusive . The indemnification and advancement of expensesprovided by, or granted pursuant to, the other sections of this Article VI shall not be deemed exclusive ofany other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitledunder any law, by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as toaction in an official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.SECTION 7. Insurance . The Corporation shall have power to purchase and maintain insuranceon behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is orwas serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of anothercorporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against himand incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not theCorporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of thisArticle VI.SECTION 8. Definition of Corporation . For the purposes of this Article VI, references to “theCorporation” include all constituent corporations absorbed in a consolidation or merger as well as theresulting or surviving corporation so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agentof such a constituent corporation or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as adirector, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or otherenterprise shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article VI with respect to theresulting or surviving corporation as he would if he had served the resulting or surviving corporation inthe same capacity.SECTION 9. Survival of Rights . The indemnification and advancement of expenses providedby, or granted pursuant to this Article VI shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director,officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of sucha person.SECTION 10. Settlement or Claims . The Corporation shall not be liable to indemnify anydirector, officer, employee or agent under this Article VI (a) for any amounts paid in settlement of anyaction or claim effected without the Corporation’s written consent, which consent shall not beunreasonably withheld or (b) for any judicial award if the Corporation was not given a reasonable andtimely opportunity, at its expense, to participate in the defense of such action.SECTION 11. Effect of Amendment . Any amendment, repeal, or modification of this Article VIshall not adversely affect any right or protection of any director, officer, employee or agent existing at thetime of such amendment, repeal, or modification.SECTION 12. Subrogation . In the event of payment under this Article VI, the corporation shallbe subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the director, officer,employee or agent, as the case may be, who shall execute all papers required and shall do everything thatmay be necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents necessary to enablethe Corporation effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.13 SECTION 13. No Duplication of Payments . The Corporation shall not be liable under thisArticle VI to make any payment in connection with any claim made against any director, officer,employee or agent to the extent such director, officer, employee or agent has otherwise actually receivedpayment (under any insurance policy, agreement, vote, or otherwise) of the amounts otherwiseindemnifiable hereunder.ARTICLE VII General ProvisionsSECTION 1. Dividends . Subject to the provisions of statute and the Certificate of Incorporation,dividends upon the shares of capital stock of the Corporation may be declared by the Board of Directorsat any regular or special meeting. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of stock of theCorporation, unless otherwise provided by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation.SECTION 2. Reserves . Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of anyfunds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors may, fromtime to time, in its absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or forequalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation or for such otherpurpose as the Board of Directors may think conducive to the interests of the Corporation. The Board ofDirectors may modify or abolish any such reserves in the manner in which it was created.SECTION 3. Seal . The seal of the Corporation shall be in such form as shall be approved by theBoard of Directors. The Corporate Seal shall be affixed and attached by the Secretary or an AssistantSecretary upon such instruments or documents as may be deemed appropriate, but the presence orabsence of such seal on any instrument shall not affect its character or validity or legal effect in anyrespect.SECTION 4. Fiscal Year . The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed, and once fixed, maythereafter be changed, by resolution of the Board of Directors.SECTION 5. Checks, Notes, Drafts, Etc . All checks, notes, drafts or other orders for thepayment of money of the Corporation shall be signed, endorsed or accepted in the name of theCorporation by such officer, officers, person or persons as from time to time may be designated by theBoard of Directors or by an officer or officers authorized by the Board of Directors to make suchdesignation.SECTION 6. Execution of Contracts, Deeds, Etc . The Board of Directors may authorize anyofficer or officers, agent or agents, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation to enter into or executeand deliver any and all deeds, bonds, mortgages, contracts and other obligations or instruments, and suchauthority may be general or confined to specific instances.SECTION 7. Voting of Stock in Other Corporations . Unless otherwise provided by resolutionof the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the President, from time to time, may (or mayappoint one or more attorneys or agents to) cast the votes which the Corporation may be entitled to castas a shareholder or otherwise in any other corporation, any of whose shares or14 securities may be held by the Corporation, at meetings of the holders of the shares or other securities ofsuch other corporation. In the event one or more attorneys or agents are appointed, the Chairman of theBoard or the President may instruct the person or persons so appointed as to the manner of casting suchvotes or giving such consent. The Chairman of the Board or the President may, or may instruct theattorneys or agents appointed to, execute or cause to be executed in the name and on behalf of theCorporation and under its seal or otherwise, such written proxies, consents, waivers or other instrumentsas may be necessary or proper in the circumstances.SECTION 8. Exclusive Forum . Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of analternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought onbehalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by anydirector or officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’sstockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation or any director or officer or otheremployee of the Corporation arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Lawor the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws (as either may be amended from time totime), or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation or any director or officer or otheremployee of the Corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be a state court located withinthe State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, thefederal district court for the District of Delaware) .ARTICLE VIII AmendmentsThese By-Laws may be amended or repealed or new by-laws adopted (a) by action of thestockholders entitled to vote thereon at any annual or special meeting of stockholders or (b) if theCertificate of Incorporation so provides, by action of the Board of Directors at a regular or specialmeeting thereof. Any by-law made by the Board of Directors may be amended or repealed by action ofthe stockholders at any annual or special meeting of stockholders.15Exhibit 21Exhibit 21SUBSIDIARIES OF ATLANTIC TELE‑‑NETWORK, INC. Jurisdiction of Incorporation Other name(s) under which entity does businessAhana Renewables, LLC(1) Delaware Ahana, VibrantGLC‑(CA) SDCCD, LLC Delaware Ahana, Ahana RenewablesGLC Solar Fund II, LLC(2) Delaware Ahana, Ahana RenewablesGLC Solar Fund V, LLC(3) Delaware Ahana, Ahana RenewablesGLC Solar Fund VI, LLC(4) Delaware Ahana, Ahana RenewablesGLC Solar Fund VII, LLC(5) Delaware Ahana, Ahana RenewablesAtlantic Teleconnection Operating CompanyLimited British Virgin Islands GTTAtlantic Teleconnection Holdings CompanyLimited British Virgin Islands GTTATN Horizons, LLC. (9) Delaware Ahana, Ahana RenewablesBermuda Digital Communications, Ltd. Bermuda CellOneOne Communications, LLC (11) Bermuda One CommunicationsATN Overseas Holdings, Ltd Bermuda One CommunicationsLogic Communications, Ltd Bermuda One CommunicationsATN VI Holdings, LLC (10) Delaware InnovativeVitelcom Cellular, Inc. U.S. Virgin Islands Innovative WirelessCommnet Wireless, LLC(6) Delaware Choice Wireless, CommnetElbert County Wireless, LLC Colorado CommnetMora Valley Wireless, LP Delaware CommnetCommnet Four Corners, LLC Delaware CommnetCommnet of Nevada, LLC Delaware CommnetExcomm, LLC Delaware CommnetNTUA Wireless, LLC Delaware NTUA WirelessGuyana Telephone and Telegraph CompanyLimited Guyana Cellink, E‑magine, GT&TGTT International Service SRL Barbados GTTION Holdco, LLC(7) Delaware IONSovernet Holding Corp.(8) Vermont Vermont Fiberconnect, Sovernet (1)Includes thirteen consolidated wholly‑owned subsidiaries also providing renewable energy services under the“Ahana Renewables” brand name in the United States and six wholly-owned subsidiaries under the “VibrantEnergy” brand name in Cayman, Singapore, and India.(2)Includes six consolidated wholly‑owned subsidiaries also providing renewable energy services under the “AhanaRenewables” brand name in the United States.(3)Includes five consolidated wholly‑owned subsidiaries also providing renewable energy services under the “AhanaRenewables” brand name in the United States.(4)Includes four consolidated wholly‑owned subsidiaries also providing renewable energy services under the “AhanaRenewables” brand name in the United States.(5)Includes seven consolidated wholly‑owned subsidiaries also providing renewable energy services under the “AhanaRenewables” brand name in the United States. (6)Includes seventeen consolidated wholly‑owned subsidiaries also providing wholesale wireless voice and dataservices under the “Commnet” brand name in the United States.(7)Includes one consolidated wholly‑owned subsidiary also providing wireline services under the “ION” brand namein the United States.(8)Includes three consolidated wholly‑owned subsidiaries also providing wireline services under the “Sovernet” brandname in the United States.(9)Includes one consolidated wholly owned subsidiary also providing renewable energy services under the “AhanaRenewables” brand name in the United States.(10)Includes ten consolidated wholly owned subsidiary also providing wireline and wireless services under the“Innovative” brand name in the U.S. Virgin Islands.(11)Includes fifteen consolidated wholly owned subsidiary also providing wireline and wireless services under the “OneCommunications” brand name in the Bermuda and Cayman EXHIBIT 23.1EXHIBIT 23.1CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMWe hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-190523)and Form S-8 (Nos. 333-62416, 333-125179, 333-150940 and 333-174935 ) of ATN International, Inc. of our report datedMarch 1, 2017 relating to the financial statements, financial statement schedule and the effectiveness of internal control overfinancial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K./s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Boston, MassachusettsMarch 1, 2017EXHIBIT 31.1EXHIBIT 31.1CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TORULE 13a‑‑14(a) OR RULE 15d‑‑14(a),AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TORULE 302 OF THE SARBANES‑‑OXLEY ACT OF 2002I, Michael T. Prior, certify that:1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10‑K of ATN International, Inc.;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary tomake the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periodcovered by this report;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all materialrespects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (asdefined in Exchange Act Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange ActRules 13a‑15(f) and 15d‑15(f)) for the registrant and have:a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others withinthose entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements forexternal purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; andd)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likelyto materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financialreporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalentfunctions):a)All significant deficiencies and material weakness in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; andb)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internalcontrol over financial reporting. Dated: March 1, 2017 By:/s/ Michael T. Prior Michael T. Prior President and Chief Executive Officer EXHIBIT 31.2EXHIBIT 31.2CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TORULE 13a‑‑14(a) OR RULE 15d‑‑14(a),AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TORULE 302 OF THE SARBANES‑‑OXLEY ACT OF 2002I, Justin D. Benincasa, certify that:1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10‑K of ATN International, Inc.;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary tomake the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periodcovered by this report;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all materialrespects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (asdefined in Exchange Act Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange ActRules 13a‑15(f) and 15d‑15(f)) for the registrant and have:a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others withinthose entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements forexternal purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; andd)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likelyto materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financialreporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalentfunctions):a)All significant deficiencies and material weakness in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; andb)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internalcontrol over financial reporting.eb Dated: March 1, 2017 By:/s/ Justin D. Benincasa Justin D. Benincasa Chief Financial Officer EXHIBIT 32.1EXHIBIT 32.1CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES‑‑OXLEY ACT OF 2002In connection with the annual report on Form 10‑K of ATN International, Inc. (the “Company”) for the periodended December 31, 2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I,Michael T. Prior, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adoptedpursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002, that:1.the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;and2.the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results ofoperations of the Company.e Dated: March 1, 2017 /s/ Michael T. Prior Michael T. Prior President and Chief Executive Officer EXHIBIT 32.2EXHIBIT 32.2CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES‑‑OXLEY ACT OF 2002In connection with the annual report on Form 10‑K of ATN International, Inc. (the “Company”) for the periodended December 31, 2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, JustinD. Benincasa, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 ofthe Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002, that:1.the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;and2.the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results ofoperations of the Company.eb Dated: March 1, 2017 /s/ Justin D. Benincasa Justin D. Benincasa Chief Financial Officer
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