Quarterlytics / Communication Services / Telecommunications Services / ATN International, Inc. / FY2022 Annual Report

ATN International, Inc.
Annual Report 2022

ATNI · NASDAQ Communication Services
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Ticker ATNI
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Industry Telecommunications Services
Employees 2300
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FY2022 Annual Report · ATN International, Inc.
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UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-K 

(Mark One) 

☒ 

☐ 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022
Or 

For the transition period from                          to                         

Commission File No. 001-12593 
ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC.  
 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Delaware 

(State or other jurisdiction of 
incorporation or organization) 
     500 Cummings Center 
Beverly, Massachusetts 
(Address of principal executive offices) 

47-0728886 
(I.R.S. Employer 
Identification No.) 

01915 
(Zip Code) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

(978) 619-1300 
(Registrant’s telephone 

 number, including area code) 

Title of Each Class 

Trading Symbol(s) 

Name of each exchange on which registered 

Common Stock, par value $.01 per share 

ATNI 

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None 

(Title of each class) 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  No  
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes   No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 

during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for 
the past 90 days. Yes   No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of 

Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes   No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an 

emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 
12b-2 of the Exchange Act.: 

Large accelerated filer  

Accelerated filer   

Non-accelerated filer  

Smaller reporting company ☐ 
Emerging growth company ☐ 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or 

revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control 
over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit 
report. ☒ 

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the 

filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received 

by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No  
The aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2022, was approximately $509 million based on the 

closing price of the registrant’s Common Stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. 

As of March 15, 2023, the registrant had 15,715,061.outstanding shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value. 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 

Portions of the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into 

Part III of this Form 10-K. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS   

     Page 

Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART I   
Item 1. 

  Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Communications Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Human Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
US Federal Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
US State Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
US Virgin Islands Regulation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Guyana Regulation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bermuda Regulation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 1A.   Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 1B.   Unresolved Staff Comments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 2. 
  Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 3. 
  Mine Safety Disclosures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 4. 
Information About Our Executive Officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART II  
Item 5. 

  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 

Item 7. 

Securities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Results of Operations: Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Regulatory and Tax Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liquidity and Capital Resources  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recent Accounting Pronouncements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 7A.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 8. 
Item 9. 
  Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 9A.   Controls and Procedures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 9B.   Other Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 9C.   Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART III    
Item 10.   Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 11.   Executive Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 12.   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters . . . . . .
Item 13.   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 14.   Principal Accountant Fees and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART IV    
Item 15.   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 16.   Form 10-K Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Signatures   
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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F-1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Report”) contains forward-looking statements relating to, among other 

matters, our future financial performance and results of operations; the impact of federal support program revenues; 
expectations regarding future revenue, operating income, EBITDA and capital expenditures; the competitive 
environment in our key markets, demand for our services and industry trends; our expectations regarding construction 
progress under our agreement as part of the FirstNet Transaction and the effect such progress will have on our financial 
results; expectations regarding litigation; our liquidity; and management’s plans and strategy for the future. These 
forward-looking statements are based on estimates, projections, beliefs, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future 
events or results.  Actual future events and results could differ materially from the events and results indicated in these 
statements as a result of many factors, including, among others, (1) the general performance of our operations, including 
operating margins, revenues, capital expenditures, and the retention of and future growth of our subscriber base and 
ARPU; (2) our ability to replace and remove all prohibited mobile telecommunications equipment in our U.S. network 
on the timeframe and at the cost approved by the FCC; (3) our reliance on a limited number of key suppliers and vendors 
for timely supply of equipment and services relating to our network infrastructure; (4) our ability to satisfy the needs and 
demands of our major carrier customers; (5) our ability to realize cost synergies for its newly acquired businesses and 
expansion plans for its fiber markets; (6) the adequacy and expansion capabilities of our network capacity and customer 
service system to support our customer growth; (7) our ability to efficiently and cost-effectively upgrade our networks 
and information technology platforms to address rapid and significant technological changes in the telecommunications 
industry; (8) continued access to capital and credit markets on terms we deem favorable; (9) government subsidy 
program availability and regulation of our businesses, which may impact our telecommunications licenses, revenue and 
operating costs; (10) our ability to successfully transition our US Telecom business away from wholesale wireless to 
other carrier and consumer-based services; (11) increased risk of an economic downturn, political, geopolitical and other 
risks and opportunities facing our operations, including those resulting from the persistence of high inflation and other 
macroeconomic headwinds including increased costs and supply chain disruptions; (12) the loss of, or an inability to 
recruit skilled personnel in our various jurisdictions, including key members of management; (13) our ability to find 
investment or acquisition or disposition opportunities that fit our strategic goals; (14) the occurrence of weather events 
and natural catastrophes and our ability to secure the appropriate level of insurance coverage for these assets; 
(15) increased competition; and (16) our ability to successfully secure the expected benefits of our recent acquisitions.   

Please keep in mind that any forward-looking statement made by us in this Report or elsewhere speaks only as 

of the date on which we make it. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to 
predict these events or how they may affect us. In any event, these and other important factors may cause actual results 
to differ materially from those indicated by our forward-looking statements, including those set forth in Item 1A of this 
Report under the caption “Risk Factors.” We have no duty to, and do not intend to, update or revise the forward-looking 
statements made by us in this Report after the date of this Report, except as may be required by law. 

In this Report, the words “the Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” and “ATN” refer to ATN International, Inc. 
and its subsidiaries. This Report contains trademarks, service marks and trade names that are the property of, or licensed 
by, ATN and its subsidiaries. 

 References to dollars ($) refer to US dollars unless otherwise specifically indicated 

PART I 

ITEM 1.  BUSINESS  

Overview 

We provide digital infrastructure and communications services in the United States and internationally, 

including in the Caribbean region, with a focus on smaller markets, many of which are rural or remote, with a growing 
demand for infrastructure investments, Through our operating subsidiaries, we primarily provide: (i) carrier and 
enterprise 

1 

 
 
 
 
communications services, such as terrestrial and submarine fiber optic transport, and communications tower facilities; 
and (ii) fixed and mobile telecommunications connectivity to residential, business and government customers, including 
a range of high-speed internet and data services, fixed and mobile wireless solutions, and video and voice services. 

At the holding company level, we oversee the allocation of capital within and among our subsidiaries, affiliates, 

new investments, and stockholders. We have developed significant operational expertise and resources that we use to 
augment the capabilities of our individual operating subsidiaries in our local markets. We have built a platform of 
resources and expertise to support our operating subsidiaries and to improve their quality of service with greater 
economies of scale and expertise than would typically be available at the operating subsidiary level. We provide 
management, technical, financial, regulatory, and marketing services to our operating subsidiaries and typically receive a 
management fee calculated as a percentage of their revenues, which is eliminated in consolidation. We also actively 
evaluate potential acquisitions, investment opportunities and other strategic transactions, both domestic and 
international, and generally look for those that we believe fit our profile of telecommunications businesses and have the 
potential to complement our “glass and steel” and “first to fiber” approach in markets while generating steady excess 
cash flows over extended periods of time. We use the cash generated from our operations to re-invest in organic growth 
in our existing businesses, to make strategic investments in additional businesses, and to return cash to our investors 
through dividends or stock repurchases. 

For further information about our financial segments and geographical information about our operating 

revenues and assets, see Notes 1 and 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. 

As of December 31, 2022, we offered the following types of services to our customers: 

•  Mobility Telecommunications Services. We offer mobile communications services over our wireless 
networks and related equipment (such as handsets) to both our business and consumer customers. 

•  Fixed Telecommunications Services. We provide fixed data and voice telecommunications services to 
business and consumer customers. These services include consumer broadband and high speed data 
solutions for businesses. For some markets, fixed services also include video services and revenue derived 
from support under certain government programs. 

•  Carrier Telecommunication Services.  We deliver services to other telecommunications providers such as 
the leasing of critical network infrastructure such as tower and transport facilities, wholesale roaming, site 
maintenance and international long-distance services. 

•  Managed Services. We provide information technology services such as network, application, 

infrastructure and hosting services to both our business and consumer customers to complement our fixed 
services in our existing markets. 

Through December 31, 2022, we had identified two operating segments to manage and review our operations 

and to facilitate investor presentations of our results. These operating segments are as follows: 

• 

International Telecom.  In our international markets, we offer fixed services, mobility services, carrier 
services and managed services to customers in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Guyana and the US Virgin 
Islands. 

•  US Telecom.  In the United States, we offer fixed services, carrier services, and managed services to 

business customers and consumers in Alaska and the western United States. As of December 31, 2022 we 
provided mobility services to retail customers in the western United States. In the first quarter of 2022, we 
discontinued providing private network services in this segment. 

2 

The following chart summarizes the operating activities of our principal subsidiaries, the segments in which we 

reported our revenue and the markets we served during 2022. 

Segment 
International 
Telecom . . . . . . . .  

Services 
  Mobility 
Services 

US Telecom . . . . .  

  Fixed 

Services 
Carrier 
Services 
Managed 
Services 
Mobility 
Services 
Fixed 
Services 
Carrier 
Services 
Managed 
Services 

Markets 

Tradenames 

  Bermuda, Guyana, US 

  One, GTT, Viya 

Virgin Islands

  Bermuda, Cayman Islands, 
Guyana, US Virgin Islands
Bermuda, Guyana, US 
Virgin Islands
Bermuda, Cayman Islands, 
US Virgin Islands, Guyana

  One, Logic, GTT, Viya 

One, GTT, Viya 

Fireminds, One, Logic, GTT, Viya 

  United States (rural 

  Choice, Choice NTUA Wireless 

markets) 
United States 

United States 

  United States 

Alaska Communications, Commnet, Choice, Choice 
NTUA Wireless, Sacred Wind Communications, Ethos
Alaska Communications, Commnet, Essextel, Sacred 
Wind Communications
Alaska Communications, Choice 

Our principal corporate offices are located at 500 Cummings Center, Suite 2450, Beverly, Massachusetts, 

01915. The telephone number at our principal corporate offices is (978) 619-1300. 

We file with or submit to the SEC our annual, quarterly, current reports, proxy statements and other information 

meeting the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“the Exchange Act”). We 
make available, free of charge, on our website our proxy statement, annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on 
Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports and other publicly filed information available 
as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to the SEC. Our Internet 
address where these documents and other information can be found is www.atni.com. Information contained on our 
website is not incorporated by reference into this Report, and you should not consider that information to be part of this 
Report. Our annual, quarterly, periodic and current reports, proxy statements and other public filings are also available 
free of charge on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet website at www.sec.gov. 

Strategy 

Our mission is to digitally empower people and communities so that they can connect with the world and 
prosper.  We believe that access to reliable, high-quality communications services is fundamental to the economic 
growth and well-being of every community. To that end, we seek to empower the local communities with the services 
they need to access healthcare, education, and economic opportunities by providing reliable, high speed broadband 
access through fiber or fiber-like services to business, consumer, and carrier customers. To execute on this mission, our 
strategy is to be a leading provider of critical network and digital infrastructure services in our current operating region, 
focusing in particular on historically underbuilt or poorly served areas and segments. The key elements of our strategy 
consist of the following: 

•  First to Fiber. We utilize a “first to fiber” smart build strategy targeting underbuilt parts of our operating 
area and adjacencies to “close the digital divide” in our rural or remote markets. We use a variety of 
approaches to accomplish this while ensuring a viable return on our investment, including a focus on last-
mile investments as well as a glass and steel ownership model where we seek to enable connectivity 
through owned backhaul and owned towers. In our US Telecom segment, we are connecting new 
communities and schools utilizing federal, state, local or tribal government funding incentives and 
programs, or using “anchor  

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
tenant” fiber builds for wireless carrier backhaul or large enterprise customers. In many cases, we rely on 
several of those subsidy or revenue sources to enable a high quality and sustainable network investment. In 
our International Telecom segment, in some markets, we are primarily focused on increasing the capacity 
and capability of our core and edge networks and serving the customer base with a mixture of fixed and 
mobile high-speed solutions.  In others, such as Guyana, we also are rapidly expanding the reach of our 
fiber and other high speed data solutions as demand and need grows. We believe that every community, 
regardless of its population size or geographic location, should experience the rich benefit of a quality 
digital connection. 

•  Target Underbuilt Market Segments. We operate our communications businesses primarily in smaller, 

often remote or rural, historically under-served markets where we are, or we believe we will be, one of the 
leading providers of communications services. We seek opportunities to build, manage, and own critical 
communications infrastructure in areas with high unmet demand for connectivity where we have the 
potential for generating substantial and steady cash flows over extended periods of time. By supplementing 
the business with our operational capabilities and experience at the holding company level, we are able to 
take on unproven markets with more difficult operating or political environments. We strive to improve 
and expand our product and service offerings in the locations we serve to better satisfy customer needs, 
expand our customer base and revenues, and ensure the business is efficient and economically viable. 

•  Provide Operational Expertise in Collaboration with Local Management. We believe that strong local 
management enhances our close relationship with customers and reduces risk. Our businesses typically 
have strong local brand identities that help them become leaders in the markets they serve. Wherever 
feasible, we seek to partner with local investors, owners or management teams who have demonstrated a 
successful track record or have extensive knowledge of the industry or markets in which we operate, and 
who have local credibility. By maintaining these relationships and leveraging our comprehensive 
management experience and operational, technical, and financial expertise, we can assist these local 
management teams in further improving operations and growing their businesses. 

•  Disciplined Approach to Capital Allocation Designed for Long-Term Investment. We take a long-term 
view of our businesses, which we believe increases our chances of success and lowers risk. We have 
extensive transactional experience and a proven ability to source, develop, and exit investment 
opportunities and to take on the difficult task of integrating and optimizing acquired assets and businesses. 
In addition, we believe that our long, public track record of successful management and operations of 
critical communications networks is a key value that makes us an attractive partner for investment funds 
and other equity investments looking to make direct investments in businesses that own and operate 
communications infrastructure. When evaluating investment opportunities, whether externally or internally, 
we seek out infrastructure-based services that result in steady, long-term cash flows. The durability of these 
businesses generates steady excess cash flows over extended periods of time that we then utilize to re-
invest in organic growth in our existing businesses, make strategic investments in additional businesses, 
and return cash to our investors through dividends or stock repurchases. In managing our more mature 
businesses, we seek to solidify our brands, improve customer satisfaction, add new services, control costs 
and preserve cash flow. In managing newer, early-stage businesses, we seek to invest capital to improve 
our competitive position, increase our market share and generate strong long-term revenue and cash flow 
potential. We consider new investments, acquisitions and dispositions on a disciplined, return-on-
investment basis. 

International Telecom Segment 

Communications Services 

Our International Telecom segment generates mobility services, fixed services, carrier services, and managed 

services revenues in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Guyana and the US Virgin Islands. Revenues from our International 

4 

 
 
Telecom segment were approximately 49% and 57% of our consolidated revenues for fiscal years 2022 and 2021, 
respectively.  

Fixed Services 

High-speed data and related services. We offer high-speed broadband services to both residential and business 

customers in all our International Telecom markets. We provide a number of broadband internet plans with varying 
speeds to address different customer needs and price requirements in our various markets. As of December 31, 2022, we 
had approximately 148,300 broadband customers across our international markets and approximately 74% of those 
customers had access to high speed services. 

Voice services. We offer fixed voice services that include local exchange, regional and long distance calling and 

voice messaging services in Bermuda, Guyana, and the US Virgin Islands. As of December 31, 2022, we had an 
aggregate of approximately 168,000 access lines in service in our markets, which serve both residential and business 
subscribers. With respect to our international long-distance business, we also collect payments from foreign carriers for 
handling international long-distance calls originating from the foreign carriers’ countries and terminating on our 
network. We also make payments to foreign carriers for international calls originating on one of our networks and 
terminating in the foreign carrier’s countries and collect from our subscribers or a local originating carrier a rate that is 
market-based or set by regulatory tariff. 

Video services. We offer video services in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, and the US Virgin Islands. As of 
December 31, 2022, we had approximately 32,000 video customers across our markets.  We have several offerings 
available to our video customers, including basic and tiered local and cable TV channels grouped into various content 
categories, such as news, sports and entertainment. 

Network. We offer our fixed services over our fiber-optic, copper and coaxial cable networks in our 
international markets. All fixed access lines in our network are digitally switched from our switching centers in the US 
Virgin Islands, Bermuda and Guyana. Our switching centers provide dedicated monitoring of our network to ensure 
quality and reliable service to our customers. 

In Bermuda and the US Virgin Islands, we deliver our services via a hybrid fiber coaxial (“HFC”) cable 

network and via fiber-optic network. In the Cayman Islands and Guyana, we also provide fixed services via fiber-optic 
network, DSL and FWA. These networks give us expanded Internet access coverage within our International Telecom 
segment. Following hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017, service to our customers over the HFC network was impacted 
due to both the loss of power and damage to our network. We have completed remediation efforts to our network such as 
building tower structures to 160 MPH ratings and adding underground and alternate routes wherever possible. 

Our international voice and data networks link with the rest of the world principally through our ownership and 
investments in six undersea fiber-optic cables in the Caribbean and Atlantic regions. These cables are crucial arteries that 
supply access to communications services for islands and remote markets like the ones in which we operate. For 
example, in Guyana we co-own with Telesur, the government-owned telecommunications provider in Suriname, the 
Suriname-Guyana Submarine Cable System. We believe that this submarine cable system provides us with more robust 
redundancy, the capacity to meet growing data demands in Guyana, and the opportunity to provide new and enhanced 
services such as Internet service. In Bermuda, we own the Challenger Bermuda cable that provides us with capacity from 
Bermuda to the United States. 

Sales and Marketing. We provide fixed services, fixed account management and fixed Wi-Fi connectivity 

devices through six main distribution channels: digital, company owned and operated retail/pop-up retail, authorized 
dealers and agents, direct sales, inside sales and tele sales. Business and residential customers are able to purchase any of 
our stand alone or bundled data, managed services, security services, and voice services, POTs, Fiber Data, Digital 
Subscriber Line (DSL) Data, or Fixed Wireless Data thorough any of the above channels. Customers post-pay for fixed 
services on a monthly basis. Customers are also able to purchase devices such as modems, routers, home security 
systems and accessories to enhance their services through these same channels. We bundle data connectivity devices and 
add-on 

5 

accessories similar to what is available in most other countries. Our sales channels are strategically located throughout 
our service areas manned by trained, branded, and supported sales and service representatives. 

Competition. We compete with a limited number of other providers, including Digicel and Liberty Latin 

America in select markets, with respect to various services. We believe our breadth of services and local economies of 
scale provide us with a strong competitive position and the ability to win and retain an economically viable share of 
those markets. 

Mobility 

We provide mobile, data, and voice services to retail and business customers in Bermuda under the “One” 

brand name, in Guyana under the “GTT” brand name and in the US Virgin Islands under the “Viya” brand name. We 
also provide roaming services for many of the largest US providers’ customers visiting these locations. As of 
December 31, 2022, we had approximately 378,000 mobile subscribers in our International Telecom segment and over 
85% of those subscribers were on prepaid plans. 

Products and Services. A significant majority of our customers in our International Telecom segment subscribe 
to one of our prepaid plans, which require customers to purchase an amount of voice minutes, text messages or data prior 
to use. A smaller minority of customers subscribe to our postpaid plans that allow customers to select a plan with voice 
minutes, text messaging, a given amount of data and other features that recur on a monthly basis, which services are 
billed at the end of the service period. 

Network and Operations: We offer our mobility services over our 3G (WDCMA) 4G (LTE) wireless network 
in Bermuda and the U.S. Virgin Islands. In Guyana we offer our mobility services over our 2G (GSM), 3G (WCDMA) 
and 4G (LTE) wireless network. As of December 2022, we owned and operated a total of 1,024 base stations on 454 
owned and leased sites in the international markets. All of our mobile networks have their core supporting facilities in 
the home network in the US Virgin Islands, Bermuda and Guyana. Our local NOCs provide dedicated monitoring of our 
network to ensure quality and reliable service to our customers and during off hours, weekends and holidays our NOC in 
the mainland USA provides extended support to ensure we have 24-hour, year-round monitoring of all our wireless and 
wireline markets. 

The transport networks in all the markets are primarily fiber based with route diversity provided by the 
deployment of fiber rings where possible and supplemental microwave deployments. The vast majority of the networks 
are IP Based utilizing MPLS for redundancy to provide high availability networks. Standby power is provided by back 
up battery and generators. In the US Virgin Islands where we have experienced extreme hurricane events, network 
hardening has been added to the network such as building tower structures to 160 MPH ratings and adding underground 
and alternate routes wherever possible. All the markets connect to the world through sub-sea fiber networks described in 
our “International Telecom – Fixed – Network” section below. 

Sales and Marketing. We provide services, mobile connectivity devices and account management through six 
main distribution channels: digital, Company owned retail/pop-up retail, authorized dealers/agents, direct sales, inside 
sales and telesales. Business and residential customers are able to purchase any of our services, Prepaid Mobile, Postpaid 
Mobile, and Mobile Data, through any of the above channels. Customers are also able to purchase devices, and 
accessories to enhance their services through these same channels. We offer a full suite of mobile devices and add on 
accessories similar to what is available in most other countries in the world. Our sales channels are strategically located 
throughout our service areas manned by trained, branded, and supported sales and service representatives. 

Handsets and Accessories. We offer a diverse line of wireless devices and accessories designed to meet both the 

personal and professional needs of our customers. Our device assortment includes a wide range of smartphones 
including those featuring the Android™ and iOS™ operating systems in addition to a full line of feature phones, 
wireless hot spots and various wireless solutions for small businesses. To complement our phone offerings, we sell a 
complete range of original equipment manufacturer and after-market accessories that allow our customers to 

6 

 
 
 
personalize their wireless experience, including phone protection, battery charging solutions and Bluetooth hands-free 
kits. 

Competition. We believe we compete for wireless retail customers in our international markets based on 

features, price, technology deployed, network coverage (including through roaming arrangements), quality of service 
and customer care. We compete against Digicel and Liberty Latin America in the Caribbean region, other smaller local 
providers, and in some markets, against one or more US national operators. 

US Telecom Segment 

Communication Services 

Our US Telecom segment generates fixed services, carrier services, mobility services, and managed services 

revenues in Alaska and parts of the western United States. 

In July 2021, we completed the acquisition of Alaska Communications Systems Group, Inc. (“Alaska 

Communications”), an Alaska based entity that provides fixed services, carrier services and managed services to 
primarily carrier and business customers in the State of Alaska and beyond using its statewide and interstate 
telecommunications network.  At the same time, we entered into an agreement with affiliates and investment funds 
managed by Freedom 3 Capital, LLC as well as other institutional investors (collectively the “Freedom 3 Investors”) to 
fund the Alaska Transaction. As a result of the Alaska Transaction, we now own approximately 52% of the common 
equity of Alaska Communications and control its operations and management.  Beginning on July 22, 2021, the results 
of the Alaska Transaction are included in our US Telecom segment. 

In November 2022, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding stock of Sacred Wind Enterprises, Inc. 

(“Sacred Wind”), a rural telecommunications provider in New Mexico (the “Sacred Wind Transaction”). As part of the 
Sacred Wind Transaction, the Company paid a combination of cash and equity for Sacred Wind, resulting in the Sacred 
Wind Stockholders becoming minority owners in the combined Commnet and Sacred Wind businesses. Beginning on 
November 7, 2022, the results of the Sacred Wind Transaction are included in our US Telecom segment. 

Revenues from our US Telecom segment were approximately 51% and 43% of our consolidated revenues for 

fiscal years 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

Carrier Services 

Carrier Services.  In Alaska, we provide wholesale voice and internet connectivity to carrier customers.  In the 

western United States, we provide wholesale mobile voice and data roaming services in rural markets and wholesale 
transport services on a smaller scale to national, regional, local and selected international wireless carriers as part of our 
carrier services as well as tower rental, backhaul and maintenance services. Our largest wholesale networks are located 
principally in the western United States. 

In Alaska, we provide connectivity to our wholesale customers, either through direct sales of wholesale 

transport over our terrestrial or subsea networks or by entering into transactions whereby we agree to build, host or 
maintain networks on behalf of another carrier over a contracted term.   

We currently have roaming agreements with each of the three US national wireless network carriers (AT&T, T-
Mobile, and Verizon Wireless) along with several other wireless service providers. Other than these agreements with the 
national carriers, our standard roaming agreements are usually terminable within 90 days. While we continue to provide 
services pursuant to these roaming agreements, due to demand from our carrier customers, we have shifted our business 
focus away from traditional roaming and toward a network infrastructure model of carrier services further described 
below. In 2022, the three national mobile service providers together accounted for 65% of our carrier services 

7 

 
 
revenues, with AT&T and Verizon accounting for an aggregate of approximately 12% of our total consolidated 
Communication Services revenue for the year. 

In the western United States, we are increasingly providing network infrastructure services as part of our 
expanded carrier services, such as tower leasing and transport facilities to our carrier partners, to supplement our historic 
revenue base. In July 2019, we agreed to build a portion of AT&T’s network for the First Responder Network Authority 
(“FirstNet”) as well as a commercial wireless network in or near its current operating area in the western United States 
pursuant to a Network Build and Maintenance Agreement with AT&T (the “FirstNet Transaction”). Pursuant to the 
FirstNet Transaction and subject to certain limitations contained therein, we expect to substantially complete the build by 
the end of 2023. Following the acceptance of a cell site pursuant to the FirstNet Agreement, AT&T owns the radio 
equipment constructed on the cell site and we assign to AT&T any third-party tower lease applicable to such cell site. If 
the cell site is located on a communications tower we own, AT&T pays us pursuant to a separate lease agreement for an 
initial term of eight years. In addition to building the network, we are providing ongoing equipment and site maintenance 
and high-capacity transport from these cell sites to AT&T’s core network for an initial term ending in 2029.   

Pursuant to the FirstNet Transaction, AT&T has the option to repay construction costs, with interest, over an 

eight year period. Accordingly, we entered into a receivables credit facility with CoBank, ACB (the “Receivables Credit 
Facility”) to assist with this repayment option. The Receivables Credit Facility provides for a senior secured delayed 
draw term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $75 million with the proceeds being used to acquire the 
receivables related to the construction costs. 

Sales and Marketing. Our wholesale transport customers are predominately communications carriers such as 

local exchange carriers, wireless carriers, internet service providers and interstate integrated providers. 

We believe that our ability to deliver reliable, high capacity backhaul across multiple provider footprints, both 

from licensed fixed wireless microwave and fiber access solutions, creates value for our customers who are typically 
unable to scale their rural access capacities as rapidly and successfully as they can in less remote markets. We are 
investing in the expansion of our regional fiber and network asset footprint, and in enhanced network reliability and 
route diversity, in the expectation that our carrier customers will have greater demand for higher capacity, higher 
reliability and lower latency backhaul to support their own investments in 5G network deployments. 

Mobility Services 

Mobility Services. We also offer mobile services to retail customers in certain rural markets already covered by 

our wholesale networks in the Southwestern United States. We do not offer mobility services in Alaska.  

As of December 31, 2022, we owned and operated a total of 319 towers and 293 fiber connected towers,, a 

Network Operations Center (or “NOC”), and a switching center. In July 2022, we were approved to participate in the 
Federal Communication Commission’s Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Reimbursement Program (the 
“Replace and Remove Program”), designed to reimburse providers of communications services for reasonable costs 
incurred in the required removal, replacement, and disposal of covered communications equipment that have been 
deemed to pose a national security risk. Pursuant to the Replace and Remove Program, we have been allocated up to 
approximately $206 million to replace, remove and securely destroy all prohibited communications equipment in our 
Southwestern United States network. We have also been approved to receive approximately $1 million to replace, 
remove and securely destroy all prohibited communications equipment in our network in the US Virgin Islands. The 
Replace and Remove Program requires us to complete our first request for reimbursement for services performed under 
the program no later than July 14, 2023 and that we complete the project no later than one year from submitting our 
initial reimbursement request.   

Network and Operations. Our roaming network has historically offered mobile communications service through 

a digital wireless voice and data network that utilizes multiple cellular mobile technologies including UMTS/HSPA, 
CDMA/EvDO and LTE that often will be deployed at a single cell site location to maximize revenue opportunities. As 
we undertake our Replace and Remove build, we will no longer provide UMTS/HSPA or CDMA/EvDO services and 

8 

will transition away from providing roaming services to a network infrastructure-based services framework whereby we 
provide tower lease space, the use of carrier equipment and backhaul in lieu of roaming to support carrier services. We 
provide wireless communications network products and services with owned and leased cellular, PCS, BRS, EBS, AWS, 
and Citizens Broadband Radio Services (“CBRS”) spectrum. Our networks comprise base stations and radio transceivers 
located on owned or leased towers and buildings, telecommunications switches and owned or leased transport facilities. 
We design and construct our network in a manner intended to provide high-quality service to substantially all types of 
compatible wireless devices. Network reliability is carefully considered and redundancy is employed in many aspects of 
our network design. 

Route diversity, redundant equipment, ring topologies, battery backup and the use of emergency standby power 

are used to enhance network reliability and minimize service disruptions from any particular network element failure. 
We operate high-capacity, carrier-class digital wireless switching systems that are capable of serving multiple markets 
through a single mobile telephone switching office. Centralized equipment used for network and data management is 
located in high-availability facilities supported by multiple levels of power and network redundancy. Our systems are 
designed to incorporate Internet Protocol (IP) packet-based Ethernet technology, which allows for increased data 
capacity and a more efficient network. Interconnection between the mobile telephone switching office and the cell sites 
utilizes Ethernet technology over fiber or microwave links for virtually all of our sites. 

Competition. With respect to our carrier services, we compete with mobile service providers that operate 

networks in our markets and offer wholesale roaming services. Historically, the most significant competitive challenge 
we face in our US wholesale wireless business is the extent to which our carrier customers choose not to roam on our 
networks or elect to build or acquire their own infrastructure in a market in which we operate, reducing or eliminating 
their need for our roaming services in those markets. We are addressing this competitive threat mainly by offering a 
managed carrier services solution to build and maintain base stations and provide backhaul between our sites and the 
carrier’s mobile telephone switching office, thereby delivering a native coverage experience to the carrier’s end-
customers. While these solutions are similarly vulnerable to competitive overbuild, managed carrier services are offered 
under longer-term agreements providing us with a predictable source of revenue to support our operating costs.  

Fixed Services 

Services. In Alaska, we provide fiber broadband and managed IT services, offering technology and service 

enabled customer solutions to business and wholesale customers in and out of Alaska. We also provide 
telecommunication services to consumers in the most populated communities throughout the state. Our facilities-based 
communications network connects to the contiguous states via our two diverse undersea fiber optic cable systems. We 
provide high-capacity data networking, internet connectivity, voice communications and IT Services. Networking 
services include Ethernet and IP routed services as well as switched and dedicated voice services. In addition, we offer 
other value-added services such as network hosting, managed IT services and long-distance services. Our network is 
among the most expansive in Alaska and forms the foundation of service to our customers.  We operate in a largely two-
player terrestrial wireline market and our customers are primarily business customers. 

In the western United States, we provide fixed services to business customers such as schools, libraries, mine 

operators and state and local governments as well as residential customers. 

As of December 31, 2022, we pass roughly 442,000 premises with broadband connectivity of some kind in our 

U.S. Telecom segment. 

Network. In Alaska, we provide communications and IT solutions that connect Alaskans, as well as customers 
in the continental United States, to the world. This is based on an extensive facilities-based wireline telecommunications 
network in Alaska that we operate. We continuously upgrade our network to provide higher levels of performance, 
higher bandwidth speeds, increased levels of security and additional value-added services to our customers. We operate 
significant terrestrial and submarine fiber miles which serve as the backbone of our network as well as now serving over 
1,000 buildings with fiber. Our networks are monitored for performance around the clock in redundant monitoring 
centers to provide a high level of reliability and performance. Our network is extensive within Alaska’s urban areas and 
connects  

9 

our largest markets, including Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau with each other and the contiguous states as well as 
many rural areas. Residential broadband customers are served in Alaska with copper-based DSL internet access, and in 
2022 we began deploying fiber-to-the-home broadband service to certain markets.  Beginning in the summer of 2022, we 
began offering to deliver fiber-optic network connectivity directly to select homes and businesses in Anchorage, 
Fairbanks and select smaller markets. As of December 31, 2022, we advanced our initial pilot program by passing over 
homes with this next generation broadband technology and we currently intend to continue to expand our fiber to the 
home build. We continue to utilize fixed wireless technology over spectrum to reach even more customers, and we 
expanded our Multi-Dwelling Unit (“MDU”) offering utilizing fiber or fixed wireless backhaul.  

We own and operate two undersea fiber optic cable systems that provide diverse routing from our Alaskan 

network to our facilities in Oregon and Washington. These facilities provide survivable service to and from Alaska, with 
key monitoring and disaster recovery capabilities for our customers. We also have usage rights on a third undersea fiber 
network connecting Alaska to the continental United States.  Our network in Oregon and Washington includes terrestrial 
transport components linking our landing stations to a Network Operations Control Center in Hillsboro, Oregon and 
collocation facilities in Portland, Oregon and Seattle, Washington. In addition, AKORN®, one of our undersea fiber 
optic cable systems, connects our Alaska network from Homer, Alaska to our facilities in Florence, Oregon along a 
diverse path within Alaska, the Pacific Northwest and undersea in the Pacific Ocean. Northstar, our other undersea fiber 
optic system, has cable landing facilities in Whittier, Juneau, and Valdez, Alaska, and Nedonna Beach, Oregon. In 2020, 
we completed major network upgrades to the Northstar fiber line, increasing capacity by more than five times. Together, 
our subsea fiber optic cables systems, AKORN® and Northstar, provide extensive bandwidth as well as survivability 
protection designed to serve our own, as well as our most demanding customers’ critical communications requirements.  
Through our landing stations in Oregon, we also provide an at-the-ready landing point for other large fiber optic cables, 
and their operators, connecting the U.S. to networks in Asia and other parts of the world.  

Our terrestrial fiber network on the North Slope of Alaska allows us to provide broadband solutions to the oil 

and gas sector and to advance our sales of managed IT services.  Rural healthcare, education and business customers are 
served by a satellite earth station network utilizing a combination of GEO and LEO satellite capacity. These satellite 
services are used to provide Internet and WAN backhaul connectivity to our customers. 

We have deployed, and are working to deploy more, carrier-grade fiber optic networks strategically throughout 

the western United States to continue to serve governmental, educational, healthcare, business, consumer and tribal 
customers in Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico and Utah. 

Competition. In Alaska, we face strong competition in our markets from larger competitors with substantial 
resources. For traditional voice and broadband services, we compete with GCI and AT&T on a statewide basis, and 
smaller providers such as Matanuska Telephone Association, Inc., a co-op owned telephone and internet service provider 
operating in the Matanuska Valley region of Alaska, on a more local basis.  As the largest facilities-based operator in 
Alaska, GCI is the dominant statewide provider of broadband, voice, wireless and video services. We believe that 
AT&T’s primary focus is to be the provider of voice and broadband services to its nation-wide customers and that 
AT&T tends to use its existing broadband network to serve these customers or it leases capacity from GCI or Alaska 
Communications to augment its existing network. 

In the western United States, we experience competitive pressures from ILEC providers such as AT&T, Lumen 
and Frontier along with their channel partners.  Similarly, national fiber providers such as Zayo also offer our customers 
services and employ vast wholesale channel solutions. Our ability to offer full-service solutions across multiple LEC 
service areas and very remote sites back to mobile telephone switching offices continues to be market differentiator and 
a driver for our success. 

In the western United States, we are continuing to expand our capacity offerings with a focus on enhancing our 

owned and leased transport facilities. Expansion of our network anchored by new fiber deployments is facilitating a 
long-held vision for reducing reliance on limited capacity microwave backhaul and enabling new wholesale agreements 
with additional national and regional carriers for both lit and dark fiber services.  

10 

 
 
ATN Ventures and Minority Investments 

In addition to our core telecommunications operating companies, we have also made investments in earlier 

stage businesses, some of which are noncontrolling investments whose technology-forward approach we consider 
strategically relevant and can also provide a variety of benefits that enhance the potential to expand our more mature 
businesses. These benefits include providing entry points into emerging sectors of our existing businesses, enhancing our 
product offerings, providing visibility into newer technologies and establishing and enhancing strategic relationships. 

Human Capital Resources 

People and Culture 

We know that our employees are one of our most valuable assets to realize our mission to digitally empower 

people and communities so they can connect with the world and prosper. We do this through meeting the everyday 
connectivity needs of rural and historically underserved communities. We developed the values listed below to reflect 
both our current culture and the values that we strive to embody to attract and maintain key talent. We endeavor to 
implement these values every day through employee engagement events, regular communication on company goals and 
milestones, and foster a fun and diverse workplace. 

ATN Values 
Commitment 
Respect 
Excellence 
Accountability
Thoughtfulness
Empowerment

Description
Operate for the Long-Term
Diversity and Inclusion
Smart and Determined Work
Do What You Say
Caring Behavior
Leaders at Every Level

ATN Workforce Overview 

As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately 2,400 employees, of whom approximately 1,100 were 
employed in the United States (including the US Virgin Islands), and approximately 1,300 were employed by our 
international subsidiaries. At the holding company level, we employ our executive management team and staff. 
Approximately 22% of our total employee population are covered by contracts with various unions. Employees 
represented by unions are located in Alaska and all our international markets except for the Cayman Islands. As of the 
end of 2022, we believe we have a good relationship with our unions.  

Commitment to Local Management, Diversity and Inclusion 

We seek engaged managers who have strong values, integrity, knowledge of our market and business model, 

and have respect for differing viewpoints. We strive to create a diverse working environment that creates a greater 
understanding of our differences and makes us a stronger company.  

We rely heavily on local management teams to run our subsidiary operating units. Many of the markets in 

which we operate are small and remote, and in some cases are subject to government restrictions on granting work visas, 
all of which makes it difficult to attract and retain talented and qualified managers and staff in those markets.  

Employee Engagement and Development 

Together with our subsidiaries, we are working hard to improve the way technology is used in the diverse 

communities we serve. We believe having management and staff that are as diverse as the communities in which they 
operate is crucial to our success and to our ability to have a positive impact on those communities. We celebrate different 

11 

 
 
 
perspectives and backgrounds because we believe they help us to have a stronger, more creative, and more successful 
workplace. 

We are proud to offer benefits to our employees that promote wellness and personal care, a safe work 
environment and career growth opportunities. We regularly utilize performance development tools for our employees, 
which are focused on driving engagement and high performance through frequent communications throughout the year.  

Our annual employee engagement survey provides employees with the opportunity to share confidential 

feedback on what they believe has been working well and where they believe we can improve to better support our 
employees. Our focus areas for engagement include skills development, manager performance, and diversity. 
Anonymous, aggregated results are shared with employees, and the results are used to drive our long-term action plans 
for how we can seek to continue to improve our work culture. 

Regulation 

Our wireless and wireline telecommunications and video services operations are subject to extensive 
governmental regulation in each of the jurisdictions in which we provide services. Our wireless and wireline operations 
and our video services operations in the United States and the US Virgin Islands are governed by the Communications 
Act of 1934, as amended, including via the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (“Communications Act”); the 
implementing regulations adopted thereunder by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”); judicial and 
regulatory decisions interpreting and implementing the Communications Act; and other federal, state, and local statutes 
and regulations. Our operations are also governed by certain foreign laws and regulations. 

The following summary of regulatory developments and legislation does not purport to describe all present and 

proposed federal, state, local, and foreign regulation and legislation that may affect our businesses. Legislative or 
regulatory requirements currently applicable to our businesses may change in the future and legislative or regulatory 
requirements may be adopted by those jurisdictions that currently have none. Any such changes could impose new 
obligations on us that could adversely affect our operating results. 

US Federal Regulation 

At the federal level, we are regulated in large part by the FCC.  

Wireless Services 

The FCC regulates, among other things, the licensed and unlicensed use of radio spectrum; the ownership, 

lease, transfer of control and assignment of wireless licenses; the ongoing technical, operational, and service 
requirements applicable to such licenses; the timing, nature, and scope of network construction; the provision of certain 
services, such as enhanced 911 (“E-911”); and the interconnection of communications networks in the United States. 

Spectrum Licenses. We provide our wireless services pursuant to various commercial mobile radio services 
(“CMRS”) licenses issued by the FCC. Some of these licenses are site-based while others cover specified geographic 
market areas. The specific radio frequencies, the authorized spectrum amounts, and certain of the technical and service 
rules vary depending on the licensed service. The FCC generally allocates CMRS licenses through periodic auctions. 
CMRS licenses also are available via secondary market mechanisms subject to FCC procedures and regulations. The 
FCC also permits licensees to lease spectrum to third parties under certain conditions, subject to prior FCC approval, or 
in some instances, notification to the FCC. Auctions, secondary market transactions and spectrum leasing provide 
additional flexibility for wireless providers to structure transactions and create additional business and investment 
opportunities, and, like our competitors, we will monitor and pursue opportunities to obtain additional spectrum rights.  
The FCC reviews proposed license acquisitions on a case-by-case basis to ensure that the acquisition would serve the 
public interest and would not result in a rule violation or an undue concentration of market power. With respect to 
CMRS licenses, the FCC 

12 

 
 
utilizes a spectrum aggregation “screen” to determine whether a proposed secondary market transaction requires 
additional scrutiny. The FCC’s additional scrutiny also would be triggered if a proposed transaction results in a material 
change in the post transaction market share in a particular market. With the exception of the US Virgin Islands, we are, 
in each of the areas in which we hold geographic area license or lease rights, well below the level of spectrum 
aggregation that would warrant additional FCC scrutiny, and thus we may be able to acquire additional spectrum rights 
either from the FCC in an auction or from third parties in private transactions.  

In addition to CMRS licenses, our wireless business relies on common carrier and non-common carrier fixed 

point-to-point microwave licenses issued by the FCC. Microwave stations are generally used in a point-to-point 
configuration for cellular site backhaul connections or to connect points on the telephone network that cannot be cost 
effectively connected using standard wireline or fiber optic cable because of cost or terrain.  

Most of our license grants are for a period of 10 years and are renewable upon application to the FCC. License 
renewal applications may be denied if the FCC determines, after appropriate notice and hearing, that renewal would not 
serve the public interest, convenience, or necessity. While our license renewal applications have been regularly granted 
by the FCC in the past, there can be no assurance that all of our licenses will be renewed in the future. The FCC also 
may deny license applications and, in extreme cases, revoke licenses if it finds that an entity lacks the requisite 
qualifications to be a licensee. To our knowledge, there are no circumstances that would warrant such a finding by the 
FCC against us.  

The FCC conditions spectrum licenses on the satisfaction of certain obligations to construct networks covering 

a specified geographic area or population by specific dates. The obligations vary depending on the licensed service. 
Failure to satisfy an applicable construction requirement can result in the assessment of fines and forfeitures by the FCC, 
a reduced license term, or automatic license cancellation. We are substantially in compliance with the applicable 
construction requirements that have arisen for the licenses we currently hold and expect to meet our future construction 
requirements as well.  

Other Requirements. The Communications Act and the FCC’s rules impose additional requirements upon 

wireless service providers. A failure to meet or maintain compliance with the Communications Act and/or the FCC’s 
rules may subject us to fines, forfeitures, penalties, or other sanctions. To our knowledge, we comply in all material 
respects with applicable FCC technical and reporting requirements. 

The radio systems towers that we own and lease are subject to Federal Aviation Administration and FCC 

regulations that govern the location, marking, lighting, and construction of towers and are subject to the requirements of 
the National Environmental Policy Act, National Historic Preservation Act, and other environmental statutes enforced by 
the FCC. The FCC has also adopted guidelines and methods for evaluating human exposure to radiofrequency field 
emissions from radio equipment. To our knowledge, all of our radio systems on towers that we own or lease comply in 
all material respects with these requirements, guidelines, and methods. 

The FCC has adopted requirements for CMRS providers to implement basic 911 and E-911 services. These 
services provide state and local emergency service providers with the ability to better identify and locate 911 callers 
using wireless services, including callers using special devices for the hearing impaired. The FCC also has adopted rules 
requiring wireless carriers and certain other text messaging service providers to provide text-to-911. Because the 
implementation of these obligations requires that the local emergency services provider have certain facilities available, 
our specific obligations are set on a market-by-market basis as emergency service providers request the implementation 
of E-911 services within their locales. To our knowledge, we comply with all E-911 obligations currently applicable to 
our operations, but the extent to which we are required to deploy additional E-911 services will affect our capital 
spending obligations. Federal law limits our liability for uncompleted 911 calls to a degree commensurate with wireline 
carriers in our markets. 

We are obligated to pay certain annual regulatory fees and assessments to support FCC wireless industry 

regulation, as well as fees supporting federal universal service programs, number portability, regional database costs, 
centralized telephone numbering administration, telecommunications relay service for the hearing impaired and 
application filing fees. These fees are subject to change periodically by the FCC and the manner in which carriers may 

13 

recoup these fees from customers is subject to various restrictions. To our knowledge, we comply in all material respects 
with applicable FCC regulatory fee and assessment requirements. 

Fixed Services 

The FCC generally exercises jurisdiction over the interstate and international telecommunications services that 

we provide as a regulated common carrier in Alaska and the US Virgin Islands. The Communications Act and 
regulations promulgated thereunder require, among other things, that we offer regulated interstate telecommunications 
common carrier services at just, reasonable, and non-discriminatory rates and terms. The Communications Act also 
requires us to offer competing carriers interconnection and non-discriminatory access to certain facilities and services 
designated as essential for local competition.  

We are subject to competitive market forces, as well as rate-of-return regulation for intrastate services that 

originate and terminate in Alaska and the US Virgin Islands and price-cap rate regulation for interstate services in 
Alaska and the US Virgin Islands regulated by the FCC. Because we face competition, we may not be able to charge the 
maximum permitted rates under price-cap regulation or realize the authorized intrastate rate of return. A broader range of 
data and information services are offered by our unregulated affiliates or as unregulated services by our regulated 
companies.  

The FCC regulates the prices that we charge for the use of our local telephone facilities in originating or 

terminating interstate calls. In Alaska and the US Virgin Islands, rates for interstate telecommunications services we 
offer are determined using price cap regulation, under which the rates vary from year to year based on mathematical 
formulae, and not based on changes to our costs, including both inter-carrier rates and retail end user rates. The FCC also 
regulates rates for “business data services,” which are those circuit-switched or packet-switched services that offer 
dedicated point-to-point transmission of data at certain guaranteed speeds and service levels using high-capacity 
connections, including special access services, but the FCC has generally forborne from regulating our rates for these 
services, except on certain routes that the FCC believes lack sufficient competition. 

Caller ID Authentication. In March 2020, the FCC issued a Report and Order implementing the Telephone 
Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence (“TRACED”) Act by mandating that voice service providers 
such as our Alaska and US Virgin Islands businesses implement the STIR/SHAKEN caller ID authentication framework 
in the Internet Protocol (“IP”) portions of their networks by June 30, 2021. The TRACED Act directs the FCC to require 
all voice service providers to implement STIR/SHAKEN in the IP portions of their networks and implement an effective 
caller ID authentication framework in the non-IP portions of their networks. We comply with these requirements.  

National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. In July 2020, the FCC adopted a Report and Order designating the three-
digit code “988” as the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline and directed all service providers to enable use of that code 
to reach suicide prevention and crisis intervention services no later than July 16, 2022. There are 87 area codes across 
the country, including the “907” area code used throughout Alaska, where local calls may be dialed using seven digits, 
and where “988” is used as a three-digit telephone exchange prefix. To ensure that calls are not erroneously routed to the 
National Suicide Prevention Hotline when a user intends to dial a seven-digit call starting with “988,” the FCC required 
all 87 of the affected area codes to transition to ten-digit dialing for all calls during the transition period. As a result of 
these changes, Alaska Communications upgraded and reprogramed its switches throughout the state and is assisting with 
consumer education efforts with respect to these new dialing patterns. 

The Communications Act encourages competition in local telecommunications markets by removing barriers to 

market entry and imposing on non-rural incumbent local exchange carriers (“ILECs”) various requirements related to, 
among other things, interconnection, access to unbundled network elements, co-location, access to poles, ducts, conduits, 
and rights of way, wholesale and resale obligations, and telephone number portability. Our ILEC operations in the US 
Virgin Islands through Viya are exempt from most such federal requirements pursuant to a rural exemption. 

While, to date, the FCC has declined to classify interconnected voice-over Internet protocol (“VoIP”) service as 
a telecommunications service or information service, it has imposed a number of consumer protection and public safety 
obligations on interconnected VoIP providers, relying in large part on its general ancillary jurisdiction powers. To the 

14 

extent that we provide interconnected VoIP service, we are subject to a number of these obligations, and, to our 
knowledge, we comply in all material respects with applicable VoIP requirements. 

Fixed and Wireless Services 

Net Neutrality. In January 2018, the FCC released a decision rescinding various “net neutrality” requirements 

that had governed how broadband Internet access providers were permitted to offer broadband service. This decision 
largely eliminated the FCC’s regulation of our ability to block, throttle, or prioritize specific types of Internet traffic, and 
put a revised transparency-centered regulatory regime in place. Under the 2018 decision’s approach, broadband Internet 
access providers still must publicly disclose detailed information regarding their service offerings, Internet traffic 
management processes, and other practices affecting broadband customers. The FCC also held that states are preempted 
from enacting their own versions of these or similar requirements. A federal appeals court upheld most of the FCC’s 
2018 decision, but it reversed the FCC’s blanket preemption of state broadband rules. The court also (1) held that state 
broadband laws may only be preempted on a case-by-case basis when they conflict with state or federal policy, and 
(2) remanded certain issues to the FCC. The court subsequently declined to rehear the case, and no party sought review 
by the U.S. Supreme Court. In October 2020, the FCC affirmed its 2018 decision after addressing the issues remanded 
by the court. That decision is subject to petitions for reconsideration before the FCC (which the agency has not acted 
on) and a challenge in federal court that currently is on hold. A new Chairwoman of the FCC was appointed in 
December 2021, and she has stated publicly that she supports the FCC once again adopting net neutrality requirements. 
Although she has not yet initiated any such effort, if the Chairwoman were to do so, we cannot predict how such 
regulation will affect our broadband businesses. 

A number of states have adopted, or are considering adopting, state-level net neutrality requirements, some of 
which have gone into effect and some of which are stayed. These efforts include state legislation and executive orders 
dating back to 2018. We cannot predict with any certainty the likely timing or outcome of any legal challenges to state 
net neutrality requirements, how state or federal efforts to adopt net neutrality requirements will continue to evolve, or 
how these regulatory proceedings will impact our business. 

In addition, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (“IIJA”), enacted in November 2021, directed the FCC 

to require broadband service providers to display “nutrition labels” containing certain information regarding their 
broadband internet access service plans. In November 2022, the FCC adopted implementing requirements. The decision 
requires broadband service providers to display, at the point of sale, labels that disclose information about broadband 
prices, introductory rates, data allowances, broadband speeds, and latency. These rules are not yet in effect. The FCC is 
seeking comment on adopting additional specific requirements regarding the “nutrition label.” We cannot predict how a 
future FCC will address transparency requirements. 

Digital Discrimination. The IIJA requires the FCC to adopt rules addressing “digital discrimination of access” 
by November 15, 2023. We cannot predict how the FCC will implement this direction and what impact it may have on 
our business. 

Telecommunications Privacy Regulations. We are subject to federal regulations relating to privacy and data 

security that impact all parts of our business. Certain federal statutory and regulatory privacy and data security 
requirements apply to our telecommunications and cable services. Other parts of our business are subject to privacy and 
data security oversight by other federal regulators, including the Federal Trade Commission. In addition, federal and 
state regulators have adopted or are considering adopting new privacy laws. Such state privacy regulations could impact 
at least some of our operations. We believe that we comply with all currently applicable requirements, but we cannot 
predict the timeline for any future changes of law in this area or the impact of any such changes on our businesses. 

CALEA. Under certain circumstances, federal law also requires telecommunications carriers to provide law 

enforcement agencies with capacity and technical capabilities to support lawful wiretaps pursuant to the 
Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (“CALEA”). Federal law also requires compliance with wiretap 
related record keeping and personnel related obligations. The FCC has adopted rules that apply CALEA obligations to 
high-speed Internet access and VoIP services. We believe that we comply with all such requirements currently 
applicable to us. 

15 

 
Maintaining compliance with these law enforcement requirements may impose additional capital spending obligations 
on us to make necessary system upgrades. 

Infrastructure Access Regulation. In recent years, the FCC has taken actions to help expedite the deployment of 

wireline and wireless network infrastructure. Those actions include adopting rules to facilitate the attachment of new 
facilities to utility poles, improving access by telecommunications companies to rights-of-way, and eliminating or 
reducing requirements to provide notice of service discontinuance. We expect these FCC actions will facilitate and 
streamline our ability to expand our wireline and wireless network coverage.  

Universal Service Support and Contributions 

In general, all telecommunications providers are obligated to contribute to the Universal Service Fund (“USF”), 

which is used to promote the availability of qualifying telecommunications and broadband service to individuals and 
families qualifying for federal assistance, households located in rural and high-cost areas, and to schools, libraries, and 
rural health care providers. We are subject to audit by the Universal Service Administration Company with respect to our 
federal contributions and our receipts of universal service funding. To our knowledge, we comply in all material respects 
with applicable federal and state USF assessment and support requirements. 

USF High-Cost Support. In 2011, the FCC released a Transformation Order that established a new framework 

for high-cost universal service support for price capped carriers. The new framework replaced existing support 
mechanisms that provide support to carriers that serve high-cost areas. The new support mechanism, the Connect 
America Fund (“CAF”), imposes service obligations that are focused on broadband Internet access services. The 
Transformation Order also replaced the FCC’s previous set of explicit high-cost universal service support mechanisms 
for price cap carriers, like Alaska Communications, with the CAF. While the previous mechanisms were focused on 
supporting a portion of the cost of providing voice telephone service, the CAF shifted that focus to expanding the 
availability of affordable broadband services. In October 2016, the FCC released its order establishing the requirements 
of CAF II (“CAF II”) for price cap carriers in Alaska — specifically Alaska Communications, the only price cap carrier 
in Alaska. Under the CAF II order, we receive approximately $19.7 million annually in Alaska through December 31, 
2025, subject to explicit broadband deployment conditions. 

In August 2018, we were separately awarded $79.9 million over 10 years by the FCC as part of its CAF II USF 

auction for our operations in the southwestern United States. The funding requires us to provide fixed broadband and 
voice services to certain eligible areas in the United States within six years of the award of the funding. We are subject to 
operational and reporting requirements under the program. Funding began in the second quarter of 2019 and we record 
the amounts received as revenue in our financial statements. We are continuing to work toward meeting our CAF II 
obligations in a capital-efficient manner, including the delivery of broadband Internet access services meeting CAF II 
requirements using a fixed wireless platform and in some instances in Alaska, DSL. As of December 31, 2022, we have 
met 60% of the total number of locations served required by December 31, 2025 under Alaska CAF II. As of 
December 31, 2022, we have not yet met our requirement to reach 40% coverage in two of the states in our western US 
market, but we expect that we will be able to meet our goal of 60% coverage by the end of this year in all of our markets. 
Although we expect to comply in all material respects with our deployment and service requirements associated with our 
CAF II funding, if we fail to meet our obligations under the CAF II order or require substantial additional capital 
expenditures in order to meet the obligations under the timeline required, its revenue, results of operations and liquidity 
may be materially adversely impacted.  

In addition, in the 2020 Rural Digital Opportunity Fund Phase I (“RDOF”) auction, we were awarded 

$28.4 million and accepted $20.1 million over 10 years. We declined to accept the remaining support that we were 
awarded in the auction, and we will owe default penalties with respect to these winning bids. In exchange for this RDOF 
support, we are required to deploy voice and broadband service to areas covered by our winning bids within six years 
and to provide service in those areas for ten years. We expect to comply in all material respects with those obligations.  

In 2018, the FCC initiated a proceeding to reform the USF program for high-cost support in the USVI and 

Puerto Rico. In September 2019, the FCC adopted an order in this proceeding establishing a new competitive proposal 
process  

16 

 
for awarding Connect USVI Fund support that would supplant the annual support that Viya received. Viya submitted a 
bid for Connect USVI Fund support allocated for the US Virgin Islands, but in November 2020, the FCC announced that 
Viya was not the recipient of the award. As a result, Viya’s USF support was reduced to 2/3 of the legacy total amount, 
or $10.9 million, from August 2021 through July 2022 and to 1/3 of the legacy total amount, or $5.5 million, during the 
subsequent 12-month period. Thereafter, pursuant to the terms of the 2018 Order, the $5.5 million in high-cost USF 
support received by Viya is scheduled to be eliminated entirely in July 2023. However, in October 2022, the FCC 
proposed to extend this support at the $5.5 million per year level to December 31, 2025, and sought comment on this 
proposal. The FCC has not yet taken action on its proposal, and we cannot predict whether the FCC will extend this 
support and, if so, what amount the FCC will provide and for how long.  

Rural Health Care Universal Service Support Program. The FCC’s Rural Health Care Universal Service 
Support Mechanism (“RHC program”) provides funding to help make broadband telecommunications and Internet 
access services provided by us and other service providers affordable for eligible rural health care providers. It is 
comprised of two parts. The Telecommunications Program covers the difference between the “urban rate” for 
telecommunications services that rural healthcare providers use to deliver healthcare at rural locations, and the “rural 
rate” that they would otherwise be required to pay. The Healthcare Connect Fund covers 65 percent of the cost of a wide 
variety of broadband telecommunications, networking, and Internet access services and certain associated equipment.  

In August 2019, the FCC adopted an order making comprehensive changes to the rules governing the 
competitive bidding process and the method for determining the urban and rural rates used to calculate the amount of 
RHC Telecommunications Program support payments for which a health care provider is eligible. The changes to the 
urban and rural rate rules took effect for Funding Year 2021, which began in July 2021. Among other things, the FCC’s 
Order directed USAC to develop and publish a database containing available rural rates and rate medians that will cap 
the amount of RHC support eligible healthcare providers may receive for a given service in a particular geographic zone. 
The FCC’s Order divided Alaska into four geographic zones, with the rural rate in each zone capped at the median of the 
rural rates for similar services offered in that zone, as identified by USAC. In October 2019, an appeal challenging the 
new method of setting rates for supported services was filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of 
Columbia Circuit, adding further uncertainty to the ultimate outcome of this proceeding. Similarly, we and several other 
parties filed Petitions for Reconsideration of the FCC’s August 2019 Report and Order, asking the FCC to reconsider 
some of its changes to the rural healthcare rate-setting process. Both the action in the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals and 
the Petitions for Reconsideration filed with the FCC remain pending. 

We believe that USAC’s rural rate database, as currently constituted, is likely to have an adverse impact on our 

economic ability to continue to serve some of our rural healthcare customers in Alaska. In particular, the rates 
established by the database would negatively impact our ability to continue to offer our full range of telecommunications 
services to rural healthcare providers supported by the RHC Telecommunications Program in the more remote, higher-
cost areas of the state. We filed an Application for Review requesting that the full FCC review USAC’s effort and 
associated guidance concerning the database, delay the effectiveness of the new rural rates, and direct USAC to 
implement the changes we requested in our prior Petition for Reconsideration. In January 2021, the FCC issued an order 
waiving the use of the database in Alaska for Funding Years 2021 and 2022. In lieu of the database, while the waiver 
remains in effect, the Order authorizes support based on the most recent rural rate that the FCC approved for the same 
service at the same healthcare facility within the past three funding years. As an alternative, RHC Telecommunications 
Program rural rates may be established under the previously applicable rate rules that were in effect through Funding 
Year 2020. As with the action in the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals and the Petitions for Reconsideration filed with the 
FCC, the other issues raised in our Application for Review remain pending. 

We are unable to predict the outcome or eventual impact of the D.C. Circuit’s review of the FCC’s Order, or the 
FCC’s decision on our Petition for Reconsideration or our Application for Review, but the January 2021 waiver offers a 
measure of short-term stability for the Telecommunications Program while those reviews continue. 

Subsidies for Low-Income Customers. The FCC’s Lifeline support mechanism provides a subsidy to eligible 

low-income consumers against the cost of voice services, as well as broadband in CAF II locations. We participate in the 
Lifeline program on a limited basis. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 appropriated $3.2 billion to create the 

17 

“Emergency Broadband Connectivity Fund,” and directed the FCC to use that fund to establish a new “Emergency 
Broadband Benefit Program” (“EBBP”). The EBBP provided eligible low-income consumers and students with a 
monthly subsidy for the purchase of broadband Internet access service from service providers that elected to participate 
in the program, which we did. Starting on January 1, 2022, the FCC replaced the EBBP with the Affordable 
Connectivity Program (“ACP”), which utilizes substantially the same terms and conditions as the EBB but with a 
reduced monthly benefit. We participate in the ACP. To our knowledge we comply with the rules of these subsidy 
programs. Although we cannot predict whether the FCC will further modify its approach to using USF support to 
subsidize voice and broadband service to low-income consumers, these subsidies do not represent a material amount of 
our revenue.  

E-Rate. We have provided telecommunications services, broadband Internet access services, and internal 

connections supported by the FCC’s Schools and Libraries Universal Service Support Mechanism (“E-rate”) for many 
years. E-rate support provides an invaluable means by which elementary and secondary schools can afford those 
services, particularly in rural and remote, high-cost areas. Historically, E-rate has primarily supported services that 
connect eligible school buildings. To our knowledge, we comply with applicable E-Rate requirements. 

USAC Audit of RHC Program Funding Requests. In addition to the prospective changes to the RHC program 

discussed above, the FCC and USAC have periodically undertaken reviews of current and past funding requests. In 
June 2017, we received a letter from USAC’s auditors inquiring about past funding requests in Alaska, all of which were 
previously approved by USAC. After clarifying the request, and correspondence with USAC we received in 
February 2020 a draft audit report from USAC that is described more fully in Note 13 “Commitments and 
Contingencies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The draft audit report alleges violations of the FCC’s 
rules for establishing rural rates and urban rates, the provisioning and billing of ineligible services and products, and 
violations of the FCC’s competitive bidding rules. We were invited to comment on this draft audit report and have been 
engaged since that time in correspondence with USAC with respect to its requests. As a result of these conversations and 
comments being submitted by us, USAC’s auditors are expected to issue a final audit report incorporating our responses 
that will be sent to USAC’s Rural Health Care Division to review and determine if corrective action would be 
appropriate. In the event that we disagree with USAC’s final audit report, we can appeal that decision to USAC’s Rural 
Health Care Division and/or the FCC. At this time, we cannot predict the contents or timing of the final USAC audit 
report, the outcome of the audit or the impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.  

FCC Inquiry into Company’s RHC Program Participation. We also received a Letter of Inquiry in March 2018 

from the FCC Enforcement Bureau requesting historical information regarding our participation in the FCC’s Rural 
Health Care program. On November 5, 2019 and January 22, 2021 Alaska Communications received additional letters 
from the FCC Enforcement Bureau requesting additional information, to which it responded. To date, Alaska 
Communications has been working with the FCC’s Enforcement to provide it the information it is seeking and has 
engaged in discussions with respect to the investigation. We continue to work constructively with the FCC’s 
Enforcement Bureau to provide it the information it is seeking. Any adverse outcome with respect to the FCC 
Enforcement Bureau’s inquiry may have an adverse impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, or 
liquidity. 

FCC Replace and Remove Program 

In November 2019, the FCC adopted a rule prohibiting the use of USF support to purchase or obtain any 
equipment or services produced or provided by certain companies determined to pose an unacceptable risk to US 
national security. The rule also prohibits the use of USF funds to maintain, improve, modify, or otherwise support any 
equipment or services produced or provided by these “covered” companies. In subsequent orders and public notices, the 
FCC adopted further rules that, among other things, (i) created the “Covered List” of companies whose communications 
equipment and services have been determined to pose an unacceptable risk to the national security of the United States 
or the security and safety of United States persons; (ii) required eligible telecommunications carriers receiving USF 
support to replace and remove from their network and operations environments equipment and services included on the 
Covered List; and (iii) established a Supply Chain Reimbursement Program to allow providers of advanced 
communications services with 10 million or fewer customers that obtained covered communications equipment and 
services on or before June 30, 2020, to apply for reimbursement of certain costs reasonably incurred to permanently 
remove, replace, and dispose of such equipment and services. Separately, the FCC placed Huawei Technologies 
Company (“Huawei”) and ZTE Corporation 

18 

 
(“ZTE”), and their subsidiaries, parents, and affiliates, on the Covered List. Meanwhile, Congress appropriated 
$1.9 billion for the Supply Chain Reimbursement Program and enacted a series of laws setting forth further requirements 
for the Supply Chain Reimbursement Program. 

Our Commnet and Viya operating subsidiaries have covered equipment or services in their networks and met 

the initial eligibility requirements for the Supply Chain Reimbursement Program. In January 2022, all our eligible 
subsidiaries submitted applications for funding allocations under the program. In July 2022, the FCC announced that the 
total amount of approved costs for which reimbursement was sought by all applicants was nearly three times in excess of 
the funding amounts appropriated by Congress. Because demand for program support exceeded available funding, the 
FCC was required by statute to implement a prioritization scheme and allocate funding on an equal but prorated basis. 
Accordingly, per its rules, the FCC developed a pro-rata allocation factor of approximately 40%, with the remaining 
60% of approved costs for the program without a funding mechanism.  

Congress is considering appropriating additional funding to meet the total demand for reimbursement, but we 
cannot predict whether or, if so, when or how much such additional funding will be allocated. Thus, we cannot predict 
whether there will be sufficient available funding to reimburse our subsidiaries for all of their replacement costs. Any 
shortfall in available funding could have an adverse impact on our ability to replace covered equipment in satisfaction of 
our regulatory obligations. In addition, despite the severe funding shortfall, the FCC has not changed the aggressive 
timeline by which companies that were awarded a funding must complete the removal and replacement of their 
networks.  Once funds are allocated, recipients can then draw down funds upon proof of actual expenses incurred by 
filing a request for the reimbursement of specific expenses, but must submit a request for reimbursement on each 
application by July 2023 and then must complete all construction for removal and replacement of the Covered 
Equipment and provide funding requests within a year of their initial funding request. This timeline applies to all 
participants, regardless of whether a single site or, in the case of our Commnet subsidiary, substantially all of its 
network, requires replacement. We cannot predict whether and to what extent the FCC or the administrator on which it 
relies to administer the reimbursement program will approve our subsidiaries’ requests for the specific reimbursement of 
costs, or whether we can complete our participation in the program on the aggressive timeline set by the FCC, without 
the need to seek extensions. 

Video Services 

Video services systems are regulated by the FCC under the Communications Act. We provide video services in 

the US Virgin Islands. The FCC regulates our programming selection through local broadcast TV station mandatory 
carriage obligations, constraints on our retransmission consent negotiations with local broadcast TV stations, and limited 
regulation of our carriage negotiations with cable programming networks. The FCC and federal laws also impose rules 
governing, among other things, leased cable set-top boxes, our ability to collect and disclose subscribers’ personally 
identifiable information, access to inside wiring in multiple dwelling units, cable pole attachments, customer service and 
technical standards, and disability access requirements. Failure to comply with these regulations could subject us to 
penalties. The FCC is examining whether it should modernize its video regulations and already has updated or 
eliminated some requirements, but we cannot predict whether and to what extent the FCC will continue to pursue 
deregulation in this space. To our knowledge, we comply in all material respects with applicable FCC video services 
requirements. 

US State and Territory Regulation 

Wireless Services 

Federal law generally preempts state and local regulation of the entry of, or the rates charged by, any CMRS 
provider. For this reason, as a practical matter, we are generally free to establish wireless rates and offer new wireless 
products and services, and our wireless businesses are subject to minimal state regulatory requirements. However, the 
states in which we operate maintain nominal oversight jurisdiction. For example, states may regulate the “terms and 
conditions” of a CMRS provider’s service other than rates. States and localities also assess taxes and fees on wireless 
carriers. 

19 

 
The location and construction of our wireless transmission towers and antennas are subject to state and local 
environmental regulation, as well as state or local zoning, land use and other regulation. Before we can put a system into 
commercial operation or expand a system, we must obtain all necessary zoning and building permit approvals for the cell 
site and tower locations. The time needed to obtain zoning approvals and requisite permits varies from market to market 
and state to state. Likewise, variations exist in local zoning processes. If zoning approval or requisite state permits 
cannot be obtained, or if environmental rules make construction impossible or infeasible on a particular site, our network 
design might be adversely affected, network design costs could increase, and the service provided to our customers 
might be limited. 

In recent years, the FCC has taken actions to help expedite the deployment of wireless network infrastructure. 
Those actions include limiting state and local regulations governing the construction or modification of towers and the 
installation of small cells and other facilities within and outside public rights-of-way when the FCC determines those 
regulations can be barriers to deployment. Among other things, the FCC established new shorter shot clocks for 
completion of local reviews of small wireless facility applications and required that fees which states and localities may 
charge for the location of small cells in rights-of-way must be cost-based. Several of the FCC’s most recent decisions 
were challenged in court by individual localities and organizations representing local governments. While some of the 
FCC’s actions have been upheld, others have been vacated or remanded, and others remain subject to petitions for 
reconsideration or appeal. We cannot predict with certainty the likely timing or outcome of these challenges or their 
effect on our future wireless deployments.  

Alaska Regulation 

Providers of intrastate wireline telecommunication services in Alaska are required to obtain certificates of 

public convenience and necessity from the Regulatory Commission of Alaska (the “RCA”). In addition, RCA approval 
is required if an entity acquires a controlling interest in any of our certificated subsidiaries, acquires a controlling interest 
in another intrastate utility, or discontinues intrastate service. On August 29, 2019, the Governor of Alaska signed into 
law new legislation that eliminated the requirement for Alaska Communications to maintain RCA-filed tariffs covering 
rates, terms, and conditions for legacy phone and networking services in Alaska.  However, rates, terms, and conditions 
for basic residential local telephone service must, under the bill, be uniform within each study area. Alaska 
Communications implemented changes to tariffs, terms and conditions and other service-related policies effective 
November 27, 2019.  

Alaska Universal Service Fund. The Alaska Universal Service Fund (“AUSF”) complements the federal 

Universal Service Fund but is focused on obligations to meet intrastate service obligations. For the fiscal year ended 
December 31, 2022, we received approximately $2.7 million in annual AUSF support. In 2021, the RCA opened a new 
docket to consider reforms to AUSF support mechanisms, including whether and, if so, when to subset AUSF. The RCA 
has not yet acted in that docket, and we cannot predict how or whether any action taken by RCA in the proceeding will 
affect us.  

US Virgin Islands Regulation 

Virgin Islands Public Service Commission 

Our wireline (i.e., voice, broadband internet, and cable video) operations in the US Virgin Islands are subject to 

the US Virgin Islands Public Utilities Code, pursuant to which the Virgin Islands Public Service Commission (“PSC”) 
regulates certain telecommunications and cable TV services that Viya provides in the US Virgin Islands. Among other 
things, the PSC establishes the rates and fees that we may charge local exchange residential and enterprise customers in 
the US Virgin Islands for certain wireline telecommunications services. The PSC is required by US Virgin Islands law to 
review local utility rates every five years. The PSC last adopted an order increasing the rates and fees that we may 
charge in June 2016, subject to certain conditions and future obligations. In addition, certain of our subsidiaries entered 
into a transfer of control agreement with the PSC on July 1, 2016, which imposes certain operational and reporting 
obligations on the Viya companies that do not, by their terms, expire. We believe that we continue to satisfy these 
requirements. Further, as a condition to Viya’s receipt of federal USF funds from the FCC, the PSC is required to certify 
on an annual basis that Viya complies with certain eligible telecommunication carrier (“ETC”) obligations. We believe 
that we comply with all such obligations but cannot predict the outcome of future PSC proceedings relating to Viya’s 
ETC status. 

20 

In December 2022, we filed a Petition for Forbearance with the PSC requesting the PSC to largely deregulate 

our US Virgin Islands operations. Although we cannot predict the outcome or timing for this proceeding, if the PSC 
approves the Petition, we will be subject to substantially less regulation in the US Virgin Islands, which we believe will 
provide a material benefit to our wireline telecommunications operations and competitiveness there.  

Our subsidiaries provide cable TV service in the US Virgin Islands pursuant to two franchises granted by the 

PSC. Each franchise was renewed in July 2015 by an order issued by the PSC, but the PSC has not yet issued new 
franchise agreements memorializing these renewals. Since then, the FCC has placed some limits on the powers of local 
cable franchising authorities such as the PSC, including limits on their ability to impose franchise fees and to regulate 
non-cable services. We cannot predict what requirements will be included by the PSC in any renewal franchise 
agreements, when such renewal franchise agreements will be executed, or how the FCC’s past or future actions 
concerning cable franchising will impact the PSC’s preparation of the agreements. We understand that the renewed 
franchise agreements will likely contain substantially similar terms and conditions as the prior franchise agreements, 
including a 15-year term, but that the agreements will exclude prior language permitting the PSC to regulate our cable 
rates. 

Virgin Islands Research and Technology Park 

Our video, internet, and wireless companies in the US Virgin Islands also receive tax benefits as qualifying 

participants in the US Virgin Islands’ Research & Technology Park (“RTPark”) program. RTPark was chartered with the 
goal of promoting technology-based economic development in the territory and offering attractive economic incentives 
to companies that contribute to the development of the US Virgin Islands through local employment and sourcing, as 
well as significant contributions to both the economy and the non-profit sectors of the community. As part of the 
program, our participating entities currently receive a 100% tax exemption applied against gross receipts, property, and 
excise taxes as well as a 90% exemption against income taxes and a reduction in customs duties from 6% to 1%. These 
benefits resulted in tax exemptions of approximately $2.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. In order to 
qualify, we are required to maintain certain capital investments over the first five years of the agreement, pay monthly 
management fees of 0.4% of tenant company revenue, make annual charitable contributions to the University of the 
Virgin Islands, purchase products and services locally when feasible and provide in-kind services to RTPark. 

Guyana Regulation 

Our subsidiary, GTT Inc. (“GTT”), in which we hold an 80% interest, is subject to regulation in Guyana under 
the provisions of GTT’s License from the Government of Guyana, the Guyana Public Utilities Commission Act of 2016 
as amended (or “PUC Law”) and the Guyana Telecommunications Act of 2016 (or “Telecommunications Law”). The 
Public Utilities Commission of Guyana (or “PUC”) is an independent statutory body with the principal responsibility for 
regulating telecommunications rates and services in Guyana. The Ministry of Telecommunications, an agency of the 
Government of Guyana, has formal authority over telecommunications licensing and related issues. The 
Telecommunications Agency (or “TA”) advises and makes recommendations to the Minister of Telecommunications, 
implements policy and has principal responsibility for operating licenses and frequency authorizations. 

Licenses. GTT provides domestic fixed (both wireline and wireless) and international voice and data services in 

Guyana pursuant to licenses from the Government of Guyana granting GTT the right to provide a variety of domestic 
fixed services (both wireline and wireless) and international voice and data services. These licenses were issued in 
October 2020. Pursuant to the licenses, GTT also provides mobile wireless telephone service in Guyana. 

PUC Law and Telecommunications Law. The PUC Law and the Telecommunications Law, and related 
regulations adopted in October 2020, provide the general framework for the regulation of telecommunications services 
in Guyana. As a general matter, the PUC has authority to regulate GTT’s domestic and international telecommunications 
services and rates and to require GTT to supply certain technical, administrative and financial information as it may 
request and as stipulated by the regulations. The Telecommunications Agency has broad authority to review GTT’s 
programs for development and expansion of facilities or services. For a description of recent actions of the PUC, see 
Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. 

21 

Regulatory Developments. On October 5, 2020, the Prime Minister of Guyana formally implemented 
telecommunications legislation previously passed by the Guyana Parliament in 2016 that introduces material changes to 
many features of Guyana’s existing telecommunications regulatory regime with the intention of creating a more 
competitive market. At that time, we were issued a new license to provide domestic and international voice as well as 
data services and mobile services in Guyana. Two of our competitors were issued service licenses as well. While we 
have requested details of our competitors’ licenses, such information has not been made public by the Guyana 
Telecommunications Agency, and we are not yet able to ascertain whether the licenses issued to our competitors permit 
competitors to provide services that have been subject to GTT’s exclusive rights contained in its 1990 license.  

On October 23, 2020, the Government of Guyana also brought into effect new telecommunications regulations 

called for by the telecommunications legislation. The regulations include new requirements for the market as a whole, 
which impact our operations, administrative reporting and services. There can be no assurance that these regulations will 
be effectively implemented, or that they will be administered in a fair and transparent manner. 

The PUC has currently implemented fixed and mobile termination rates that came into effect on February 1, 
2023. GTT has also advocated for changes to the Quality-of-Service standards noted in the regulations. GTT has put 
forward recommendations in keeping with regional best practices and benchmarks and is awaiting the final 
determination on that submission from the PUC. 

Bermuda Regulation 

The Regulatory Authority of Bermuda (the “RA”) is the primary regulator of our operations in Bermuda. The 

relevant legislation is the Regulatory Authority Act 2011 and the Electronic Communications Act 2011. Pursuant to 
these statutes, the RA is responsible for regulating all electronic communications services in Bermuda, including the 
broadband, mobile and video services we offer. The statutory framework provides the RA powers in respect of licensing, 
consumer protections, ex post competition issues, and the identification and remedying of significant market power 
concerns. 

On September 1, 2020, the RA completed its second market review and continued its determination we have 
significant market power in certain broadband and mobile services. As a consequence, we are subject to a series of ex-
ante remedies that include wholesale obligations, price caps, accounting separation and reporting obligations in addition 
to the ex-post competition rules that generally apply. The ex-ante remedies are burdensome and require financial, 
operational, legal and regulatory resources be allocated to ensure compliance. The next market review for the electronic 
communications section by the RA is required to commence and conclude during 2023-2024. 

Cayman Regulation 

The Utility Regulation and Competition Office of the Cayman Islands (“OfReg”) is the primary regulator of our 
operations in the Cayman Islands. The relevant legislation is the Information & Communications Technology Act (2019 
Revision). Pursuant to this statute, OfReg is responsible for the regulation and licensing of telecommunications, 
broadcasting and all forms of radio in the Cayman Islands, including the broadband and television services we offer. The 
statutory framework provides OfReg powers in respect of licensing, infrastructure sharing, advertising guidelines, 
competition issues, and the identification and remedying of significant market power concerns. 

22 

 
 
ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS  

In addition to the other information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this Report, you should 

carefully consider the risks described below that could materially affect our business, financial condition, or future 
results. These risks are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that 
we currently believe are immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or results 
of operations. 

Operational Risks 

We are reliant on government funding to comply with the FCC’s “Replace and Remove” program.  

The FCC’s governmental restrictions on the procurement of equipment from certain Chinese vendors will result 

in a costly network replacement build in our western United States operations that, if not offset by government support, 
could adversely affect our results of operations. The FCC has established a Supply Chain Reimbursement Program to 
provide such support, for which several of our operating subsidiaries submitted applications for funding allocations. On 
July 18, 2022, the FCC announced that the total amount of approved costs for which reimbursement was sought by all 
applicants was approximately $5.6 billion, far in excess of the $1.9 billion appropriated by Congress. Because demand 
for program support exceeded available funding, the FCC was required by statute to implement a prioritization scheme 
and allocate funding on an equal but prorated basis. Accordingly, per its rules, the FCC developed a pro-rata allocation 
factor of approximately 40% of the funds requested for reimbursement, including with respect to our subsidiaries. 

Congress is considering appropriating additional funding to meet the total demand for reimbursement, but we 

cannot predict whether or when such additional funding will be allocated, or how much. Thus, we cannot predict 
whether there will be sufficient available funding to reimburse our subsidiaries for all of their costs in this context. Any 
shortfall in available funding could have an adverse impact on our ability to replace covered equipment in satisfaction of 
our regulatory obligations. In addition, companies that were awarded a funding allocation are not guaranteed to receive 
that funding. Once funds are allocated, recipients can then draw down funds upon proof of actual expenses incurred by 
filing a request for the reimbursement of specific expenses. We cannot predict whether and to what extent the FCC or the 
administrator on which it relies to administer the reimbursement program will approve our subsidiaries’ requests for the 
specific reimbursement of costs. If we are not successful in receiving the amount of funds that is necessary to remove 
equipment from restricted vendors or are unable to complete the removal and replacement in the time frame specified in 
any final rules, or have underestimated the cost of replacement, it could adversely impact our ability to operate, maintain 
or expand our domestic network infrastructure.  

We rely on a limited number of key suppliers and vendors for the timely supply of handsets, accessories, equipment 
and services relating to our network or facility infrastructure. Changes in import tax policy or trade relations, 
interruptions in our supply chain or increased commodity or supply chain costs could adversely affect our results of 
operations. 

Like other companies globally, we continued to face major supply chain disruptions across our business in 

2022, which led to increased costs and delays. We depend on a limited number of suppliers for equipment and services 
relating to our network infrastructure, mobile handset lineup, and our back-office IT systems infrastructure. If these 
suppliers experience interruptions or other problems delivering equipment to us on a timely basis, our subscriber or 
revenue growth and operating results could suffer significantly. In addition, our retail wireless businesses depend on 
access to compelling handset devices at reasonable prices on the primary and secondary markets. The size of our 
business relative to many of our competitors puts us at a disadvantage in terms of whether we will get access to the 
newest technologies at the same time as our competitors, as well as a financial disadvantage in terms of the ability to 
achieve economies of scale and receive commensurate discounts that may be available to our competitors. Our inability 
to provide a competitive retail device lineup or to acquire network technology on a cost effective basis could materially 
impact our ability to attract new customers and retain existing customers. 

23 

 
 
 
A large portion of our equipment is sourced, directly or indirectly, from outside the United States, and major 

changes in tax policy or trade relations, such as the disallowance of tax deductions for imported products or the 
imposition of additional tariffs or duties on imported products, could also adversely affect our business, results of 
operations, effective income tax rate, liquidity and net income. The increase in geopolitical tensions, such as the war in 
Ukraine, only heightens the risk of supply chain shortages and delays, especially with respect to sourcing equipment 
from Europe. 

Cyber security breaches, other outages due to failures of network or information technology systems, and outages due 
to human error, could have an adverse effect on our business. 

We are highly dependent on our information technology (“IT”) systems for the operation of our network, our 

facilities, delivery of services to our customers and the compilation of our financial results. Failure of these IT systems, 
through cyberattacks, breaches of security, equipment failures, human error or otherwise, may cause disruptions to our 
operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully prevent a material security breach stemming 
from future cyberattacks or avoid major outages caused by other factors. Our inability to operate our network, facilities 
and back-office systems as a result of such events, even for a limited period of time, may result in significant expenses 
and impact the timely and accurate delivery of our services or other information. Among the other factors that may also 
cause interruptions in service or reduced capacity for our customers include power loss, increasing reliance on cloud-
storage providers (which may themselves be subject to cyberattack or breach), capacity limitations, software defects and 
breaches of security by computer viruses, break-ins or otherwise. With respect to cyber security there has been an 
increase in ransomware attacks in recent years. Telecommunications providers, including vendors to providers, are 
increasingly being targeted by cyber criminals. These attacks are not always seeking data about their own business, but 
access to the data of market participants in potentially more lucrative industries. Disruptions in our networks and the 
unavailability of our services or our inability to efficiently and effectively complete necessary technology or systems 
upgrades, or conversions could lead to a loss of customers, damage to our reputation and violation of the terms of our 
licenses and contracts with customers. Additionally, breaches of security may lead to unauthorized access to our 
customer or employee information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, our IT systems. We may be 
required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate 
vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from operational and security risks, including notification under data privacy 
laws and regulations, and we may be subject to litigation, regulatory penalties and financial losses. These failures could 
also lead to significant negative publicity. 

Inclement weather, changes in meteorological conditions and other natural disasters may materially disrupt our 
operations. 

Many of the areas in which we operate have experienced severe weather conditions including hurricanes, 

tornadoes, blizzards, fires, damaging storms, floods and earthquakes. Such events may materially disrupt and adversely 
affect our business operations, such as the impacts of the hurricanes in the US Virgin Islands in 2017, which we assessed 
caused damage and losses to our fixed and mobile networks of approximately $100 million in operating losses and 
network rebuilding costs prior to insurance and any other recovery assistance. Major hurricanes have also passed directly 
over Bermuda and Cayman several times in the past decade, causing damage to our network and to the island’s 
infrastructure. Guyana and Cayman have each suffered from severe rains and flooding in the past as well. With the 
addition of business operations in Alaska, our company operations now face increased earthquake, volcanic, fire and 
winter storm risk. These types of events can also cause major disruption and harm to the communities and markets we 
serve, compounded by the fact that many of our service areas have limited emergency responses assets and may be 
difficult to reach in an emergency situation, which can have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, the 
impacts of climate change may exacerbate the risk of significant damage in the areas in which we operate. if the 
frequency or duration of more intense weather events increase. We cannot be sure that these types of events will not 
have an impact in the future or that we can procure insurance coverage against these types of severe weather and 
geological events under reasonable business terms and conditions, or that any insurance coverage we are able to 
maintain will adequately compensate us for all damage and economic losses resulting from natural catastrophes. In 
addition, it may take significant time to return to pre-disaster levels following any such meteorological or geological 
event. If we are unable to restore service on a timely and cost-effective basis, it could harm our reputation and have a 
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations through continued loss of revenue 
and customer attrition to our competitors. 

24 

Our inability to recruit and retain experienced management and technical personnel could adversely affect our 
results of operations and our ability to maintain effective internal controls. 

The success of our business depends on the ability of our executive officers and the officers of our operating 

units to develop and execute on our business plan, and to identify and pursue new opportunities and product innovations, 
as well as on our ability to attract and retain these officers and other highly qualified technical and management 
personnel. If our executive officers and the officers of our operating units are not able to execute on our business plan, 
this could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, we believe that there 
is, and will continue to be, strong competition for qualified personnel in the communications industry and in our 
markets, and we cannot be certain that we will be able to attract and retain the personnel necessary for the development 
of our business. The shift to remote work, precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, seems to have exacerbated that 
competition and may continue to impact the labor pool and labor costs in many of our markets.  While our shift to 
remote work was successful, we have found that it creates added challenges and costs with respect to employee 
engagement and productivity. As labor demands in certain key markets exceed the supply of eligible workers, however, 
we may increasingly need to rely on remote workers to fill open positions. 

We rely heavily on local management to run our operating units. Many of the markets in which we operate are 
small and remote, and in some cases are subject to government restrictions on granting work visas, which could make it 
difficult for us to attract and retain talented and qualified managers and staff in those markets. The loss of key personnel 
or the failure to attract or retain personnel with the sophistication to run complicated communications equipment, 
networks and systems could have a material adverse effect on our ability to maintain effective internal controls, and on 
our business, financial condition and results of operations. Given the current labor economy, it may become increasingly 
difficult to find the right people to fill management roles. We do not currently maintain “key person” life insurance on 
any of our key employees and none of the executives at our parent company have executed employment agreements 
requiring a specified time period of service. 

We may not be able to timely and effectively meet our obligations to AT&T related to its partnership with the First 
Responder Network Authority. 

On July 31, 2019, we, through our wholly owned subsidiary, Commnet Wireless, entered into a Network Build 

and Maintenance Agreement with AT&T Mobility LLC (“AT&T”), pursuant to which Commnet will engineer, 
construct, commission, and maintain a radio access network (“RAN”) for AT&T for its commercial use and also in 
support of AT&T’s public/private partnership with the First Responder Network Authority (“FirstNet Authority”). In 
connection with the Network Build & Maintenance Agreement, we are required to build a network in portions of several 
states in accordance with AT&T’s detailed specifications by specified milestone dates and thereafter, to maintain the 
network in accordance with certain quality metrics. Such services are structured as a set cost agreed upon with AT&T, to 
be paid over the initial eight-year term of the Network Build and Maintenance Agreement. AT&T has the right to 
terminate this agreement, including its obligation to pay for ongoing maintenance of the sites, in the event that Commnet 
fails to meet certain milestones or completion dates with respect to the construction of the sites, or fails to meet certain 
quality metrics and service level agreements (“SLAs”) with respect to maintenance services for the built sites. 

Our ability to meet required milestones and completion dates and perform the SLAs is dependent on a variety 

of factors, including: 

• 
• 

• 

our ability to procure equipment and negotiate favorable payment and other terms with suppliers; 
our ability to effectively manage the construction of each of the cell sites, including securing reliable and 
efficient field construction resources; and 
our ability to cost effectively and reliably deliver and manage the network in accordance with SLAs for 
both the AT&T commercial and FirstNet Authority networks. 

In addition, construction of the cell sites may be also adversely affected by circumstances outside of our 

control, including inclement weather, adverse geological and environmental conditions, a failure to receive regulatory 
approvals or necessary permits on schedule or third-party delays in providing supplies and other materials. The 
processing of 

25 

 
necessary regulatory approvals and permits has been particularly disrupted by delays in government offices, attributable 
to COVID-19 shutdowns which created a backlog of applications. While government employees are returning to work in 
government offices, they are still working to catch up on the backlog of applications that have been submitted for 
approval since 2020. Any construction setbacks or delays could be costly and have a material adverse effect on our 
ability to perform under the time conditions and strict budget required under the Network Build and Maintenance 
Agreement. To date, while we’ve worked collaboratively with AT&T to extend our obligations due to these and other 
circumstances outside our control, we may not be able to negotiate further extensions, and even if we do, we may 
continue to face the problems above (or others) that could delay or performance.   

If AT&T were to terminate the Network Build & Maintenance Agreement, this could have a material adverse 

impact on our prospects and results of operations in our US Telecom segment as we would have incurred costs to 
construct the sites, but might not be fully compensated for the construction of the sites through the initial term of the 
Agreement. As we successfully complete construction of individual sites in addition to the 265 sites built as of 
December 31, 2022, the likelihood and impact of this risk decreases. 

Outages due to aging or faulty equipment could have an adverse effect on our business. 

Much of our underlying physical infrastructure (particularly in Guyana and Alaska), including buildings, fleet 
vehicles and related systems and equipment, has been in service for an extended period of time. We may not be able to 
adequately fund the maintenance and replacement of this infrastructure on a basis timely enough to avoid material 
outages, or be able to locate replacement parts or spares to repair existing equipment due to its age. Any outage caused 
by faults in our aging equipment or unaddressed maintenance costs could negatively impact our operations, including the 
provision of service to its customers and could result in adverse effects to our financial condition. 

We may have difficulty securing video services content from third parties desirable to our customers on terms and 
conditions favorable to us. 

We have secured licensing agreements with numerous content providers, but the success of our video services 

operations depends on our ability to access an attractive selection of video programming from content providers on terms 
and pricing favorable to us. Our inability to provide the content desired by our subscribers on satisfactory terms or at all 
could result in reduced demand for, and lower revenue from, our cable operations that may not offset the typically large 
subscription fees that we pay for these services. In certain cases, we may not have satisfactory contracts in place with the 
owners of our distributed content, leading to such parties’ desire for increased renewed contractual pricing or leading to 
disputes with such parties including claims for copyright or other intellectual property infringement. 

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had, and may in the future have, an adverse effect on our business and results 
of operations. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in and will likely continue to result to varying degrees in disruptions to 

the global economy, as well as businesses, supply chains and capital markets around the world. We are continuing to 
monitor and assess the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations in 2023. 

Impacts to our business have included restrictions placed on travel and movement which have resulted in 

business interruptions to our business, delays in receipt of governmental approvals and permits, and supply chain delays 
in the procurement process causing delays in our scheduled build plans, including with respect to planned fiber optic 
installations and maintenance in our Caribbean markets and our ongoing construction pursuant to the FirstNet 
Transaction. Any prolonged interruption in the future could negatively impact our ability to complete planned 
construction projects on our telecommunications network. For more information about the risks to our business with 
respect to failure to perform under the FirstNet Transaction, see “Operational Risks -- We may not be able to timely and 
effectively meet our obligations to AT&T related to its partnership with the First Responder Network Authority.” 

26 

 
 
Strategic Risks 

We may not be able to effectively transform the business model of our legacy US Telecom business. 

Historically, a large portion of our revenue has been derived from carrier services in our US Telecom segment. 

A substantial portion of this revenue was generated from three national wireless service providers in 2022, however, 
during this time period, revenues from carrier services have declined due to our mutual agreement with our carrier 
customers to lower rates in exchange for pricing certainty in longer term contracts, our customers’ decisions to overbuild 
our network, and the consolidation of national wireless service providers (thereby eliminating one or more former carrier 
customers). 

As wholesale roaming on the majority of our US network continues to decline, we will offset that revenue by 

providing maintenance and expanded carrier services (including more leasing and transport services) to other carriers to 
offset lost revenue, albeit at lower operating income margins due to the increased operating expenses associated with 
leasing and transport services, as compared to our wholesale mobile roaming services. In addition, we are increasingly 
focused on winning or obtaining government awards and funding (including the Remove and Replace program) to both 
enable our expanded carrier service initiative and grow the footprint of our network. 

There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to successfully transform our legacy US Telecom 

business to support additional carrier services product offerings or expand our retail and commercial subscriber base in 
our US Telecom segment. If we are unable to offset the continued decline in our carrier services revenue by expanding 
and diversifying our sources of revenue it may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial 
condition. 

Increased competition may adversely affect growth, require increased capital expenditures, result in the loss of 
existing customers and decrease our revenues. 

Over the last decade, an increase in competition in many areas of the telecommunications industry has 
contributed to a decline in prices for communication services, including mobile wireless services, local and long-distance 
telephone service and data services.  

Competition in the markets in which we operate has increased in recent years due to a number of governmental 

and economic factors. For example: 

• 

In Guyana, the government’s issuance of licenses for national and international voice and data traffic has 
allowed for legal competition in the market. In addition, there are signs that Guyana’s rapidly growing 
economy may lead to more investment and, potentially new entrants, into the country’s 
telecommunications market. 

•  Across the United States, increased government spending, particularly in broadband infrastructure, for 
example as a result of the current administration’s "Internet For All” campaign and the Replace and 
Remove program has the potential to alter the competitive landscape, as new market entrants seek to 
capture government funds. In addition, we will face increased competition securing construction crews and 
equipment with the increased number of construction projects across the United States spurred on by these 
government awards. 

• 

• 

In Bermuda, the regulator has declared our telecommunications company “dominant” in certain sectors, 
which may negatively impact our ability to compete in the market, though we are disputing the process and 
authority. 

Increased competition, whether from new entrants or increased capital investment by our competitors in 
their existing networks, will make it more difficult for us to attract and retain customers in our small 
markets, which could result in lower revenue and cash flow from operating activities. 

27 

We may have difficulty funding multiple opportunities across our businesses. 

Historically, we have funded our capital expenditures and transactional matters from a combination of cash on 

hand, cash from operations, and limited incurrence of debt. As discussed above, our US Telecom segment is in the midst 
of a business transformation and may need significant funding as we seek to grow our fiber network and capacity. With 
acquisitions made in the last two years, we have substantially decreased our cash reserves and increased our leverage on 
a consolidated basis.  We may have other opportunities to inorganically grow our businesses and our team actively 
evaluates potential acquisitions, investment opportunities and other strategic transactions, both domestic and 
international, that have the potential for generating steady excess cash flows over extended periods of time. Any such 
transactions may be accomplished through the payment of cash, issuance of shares of our capital stock or incurrence of 
additional debt, or a combination thereof. How and when we deploy our balance sheet capacity will figure prominently 
in our longer-term growth prospects and stockholder returns. To support multiple simultaneous growth opportunities, we 
may need to raise additional capital or incur additional debt to fund our future operations or investment opportunities. 
We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to secure additional funding from public or private offerings on 
terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain the requisite amount of financing, we may have to forgo 
opportunities to strategically grow our business. 

Rapid and significant technological changes in the telecommunications industry may adversely affect us. 

Our industry faces rapid and significant changes in technology that directly impact our business, including the 

following: 

•  migration to new-generation services such as “5G” network technology; 

• 

• 

• 

• 

introduction of new telecom delivery platforms such as next generation satellite services; 

development of data and broadband capabilities and rapidly expanding demand for those capabilities; 

increased reliance on third-party cloud storage providers for data storage; and 

consolidation among service providers within the industry 

For us to keep pace with these technological changes and remain competitive, at a minimum we must continue 
to make significant capital expenditures to add to our networks’ capacity, coverage and technical capability. We cannot 
predict the effect of technological changes on our business. Alternative or new technologies may be developed that 
provide communications services superior to those available from us, which may adversely affect our business. Failure 
to provide these services or to upgrade to new technologies on a timely basis and at an acceptable cost, or to secure any 
necessary regulatory approvals to roll out such new technologies on a timely basis all could have a material adverse 
effect on our ability to compete with carriers in our markets. 

We may not be able to timely and effectively execute on several key initiatives across multiple jurisdictions. 

Major business initiatives are underway with respect to improvement in mobile and other retail sales in all 

markets, digitization of internal processes to allow for quicker response time to customer requirements, modernization of 
existing internal processes in select markets and revising the strategy of some of our US Telecom businesses to develop 
additional revenue streams, including the substantial construction and support undertakings of the FirstNet project and 
Replace and Remove program. Each of these requires significant oversight from senior management to aid in-market 
teams, and many of these projects are underway simultaneously in different locations. Execution on multiple 
simultaneous and transformational initiatives will require in depth management attention in multiple jurisdictions to 
capitalize on growth in the US Virgin Islands, economic growth in Guyana, the ongoing shift in business focus in US 
Telecom and the integration of both Alaska Communications and our newly acquired New Mexico-based subsidiary, 
Sacred Wind. 

28 

 
Regulatory Risks 

The Rural Health Care program in Alaska is being audited by USAC, and we may be subject to forfeiture or fine. 

Alaska Communications participates in the Universal Service Administration Company’s (“USAC”) Rural 

Health Care universal service fund (“USF”) program and received inquiries and requests for information from USAC, 
which administers the program, in connection with both current funding requests and, beginning with a letter dated 
June 2, 2017 from USAC’s auditors, prior period support payments. After Alaska Communications responded to the 
initial request for information about support payments prior to 2017, USAC’s auditors asked Alaska Communications to 
comment on some preliminary audit findings, and it responded with a letter dated December 21, 2018. On February 24, 
2020, Alaska Communications received a draft audit report from USAC that alleges violations of the FCC’s rules for 
establishing rural rates and urban rates, the provisioning and billing of ineligible services and products, and violations of 
the FCC’s competitive bidding rules.  

Alaska Communications also received a Letter of Inquiry on March 18, 2018, from the FCC Enforcement 

Bureau requesting historical information regarding its participation in the FCC’s Rural Health Care program. In 
response, Alaska Communications produced voluminous records throughout 2018 and into the first quarter of 2019. On 
November 5, 2019 and January 22, 2021 Alaska Communications received additional letters from the FCC Enforcement 
Bureau requesting additional information, to which it responded. To date, Alaska Communications has been working 
with the FCC’s Enforcement to provide it the information it is seeking and has engaged in discussions with respect to the 
investigation. 

Similar audits and investigations of other companies have resulted in the FCC recouping certain previously 

awarded support funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of 
operations, and liquidity. Any adverse outcome with respect to the FCC Enforcement Bureau’s inquiry may have an 
adverse impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. 

Any change in federal or state funding could materially and adversely impact Alaska Communications’ financial 
position and results of operations. 

Alaska Communications historically received federal high-cost universal service payment revenues to support 

its wireline operations in high-cost areas. In 2011, the FCC released a Transformation Order that established a new 
framework for high-cost universal service support for price capped carriers. The new framework replaced existing 
support mechanisms that provide support to carriers that serve high-cost areas. The new support mechanism, the Connect 
America Fund (“CAF”), imposes service obligations that are focused on broadband Internet access services.  

In October 2016, the FCC released its order establishing the requirements of CAF II (“CAF II”) for price cap 

carriers in Alaska — specifically Alaska Communications, the only price cap carrier in Alaska. Under the CAF II order, 
we receive approximately $19.7 million annually in Alaska through December 31, 2025, subject to explicit broadband 
deployment conditions. Funding under the new program generally requires Alaska Communications to provide 
broadband service to unserved locations throughout the designated coverage area by the end of a specified build-out 
period and meet interim milestone build-out obligations. As a result, while Alaska Communications currently expects its 
high-cost USF support revenue to be relatively unchanged for the next three years, it also expects the FCC to enact 
substantial changes regarding our high-cost support after 2025. 

There can be no assurance that Alaska Communications will meet its CAF II obligations utilizing the delivery 

of broadband Internet access using a fixed wireless platform in a capital-efficient manner, and there is uncertainty 
regarding the future level of revenue as well as the future obligations tied to this funding. If Alaska Communications 
fails to meet its obligations under the CAF II order, or requires substantial additional capital expenditures in order to 
meet the obligations under the timeline required, its revenue, results of operations and liquidity may be materially 
adversely impacted. 

29 

 
Changes in USF funding could have an adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations in the US 
Virgin Islands. 

Viya, our subsidiary operating video, internet, wireless and landline services in the US Virgin Islands, has 
historically received, through December 31, 2020, high-cost USF support in the US Virgin Islands of approximately 
$16.4 million per year. In addition, after the devastation caused by the Hurricanes Irma and Maria in September 2017, 
the FCC provided approximately $15.4 million in accelerated USF support and in fixed and mobile recovery support 
through August 2018. The FCC, in response to the damage caused by the hurricanes and as part of its general USF 
reform, established a Connect USVI Fund that replaced the legacy high-cost USF support for the US Virgin Islands that 
Viya historically has been awarded. In November 2020, the FCC announced the award of the Connect USVI Fund for all 
of the US Virgin Islands to Viya’s competitor in the amount of approximately $8.6 million per year for a term of 10 
years. Pursuant to the terms of the program, Viya’s USF spending was reduced in July 2021 to approximately two-thirds 
of the legacy total amount, or $10.9 million, and will be reduced again in July 2022 to approximately one-third of the 
legacy total amount, or $5.5 million, through July 2023. Thereafter, Viya will not be eligible for high-cost USF support. 
However, in October 2022, the FCC proposed to extend this support at the $5.5 million per year level to December 31, 
2025, and sought comment on this proposal. The FCC has not yet taken action on its proposal, and we cannot predict 
whether the FCC will extend this support and, if so, what amount the FCC will provide and for how long. 

This reduction in the overall amount of USF support we receive as a result of the Connect USVI Fund 
proceeding relative to historical levels of high-cost USF support we have received negatively affects our efforts to build, 
maintain and operate networks in the US Virgin Islands and our ability to provide services previously supported by USF 
funds. Although Viya is currently undertaking a review and reassessment of its business plan to consider the extent to 
which we will provide further investment or operational resources to Viya or the territory,  this could have an adverse 
effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations in our International Telecom segment. In addition, in 
December 2022 we filed a Petition for Forbearance with the US Virgin Island Public Services Commission (“PSC”) 
requesting the PSC to largely deregulate Viya’s operations. The PSC initiated a proceeding to consider the Petition and 
held initial hearings in January and February of 2023. Although we cannot predict the outcome or timing for this 
proceeding, if the PSC approves the Petition, we will be subject to substantially less regulation in the US Virgin Islands, 
which we believe will provide a material benefit to our wireline telecommunications operations and competitiveness 
there, but, absent such deregulation, there can be no assurance that any revised business plan will offset or reduce the 
loss of revenue, customer attrition and increased competition as a result of the cessation of high-cost USF funding. 

The FCC and other agencies continue to revisit and revise rules related to U.S. national security. 

The regulatory landscape with respect to U.S. national security in the telecommunications space is fluid and 

unpredictable. We cannot predict how this regulatory environment may change and how any such changes may impact 
our business. For example, the FCC continues to update the Covered List of foreign companies whose 
telecommunications equipment are subject to usage restrictions based on national security determinations made by 
Congress and enumerated federal sources. If the FCC were to add a new company to that list that has provided a 
significant amount of equipment to our subsidiaries, we cannot predict how our business will be impacted or what sort of 
adverse consequences may result. Similarly, we cannot predict whether the FCC, another agency, or Congress will adopt 
further regulatory requirements related to national security, such as additional restrictions on the type of equipment we 
may use, and whether or how any such requirements may adversely impact our business.  

Regulatory changes may impose restrictions that adversely affect us or cause us to incur significant unplanned costs 
in modifying our business plans or operations. 

We are subject to US federal, state, and local regulations and foreign government regulations, all of which are 
subject to change. As new laws and regulations are issued or discontinued, we may be required to materially modify our 
business plans or operations. We cannot be certain that we can do so in a cost-effective or timely manner. Our operations 
in the United States are subject to the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, including via the Telecommunications 
Act of 1996 (“Communications Act”) and the FCC’s implementing regulations, as well as regulation by public utility 
commissions in certain U.S. states and territories in which we operate. The interpretation and implementation of the 
various  

30 

 
provisions of the Communications Act and the FCC rules implementing the Communications Act continue to be heavily 
debated and may have a material adverse effect on our business. Further, the leadership of the FCC changed in 
January 2021, and the FCC may pursue new and different regulatory priorities under the current leadership. 

Our international operations are subject to similar regulations, the interpretation and implementation of which 

are also often debated, and which may have a material adverse effect on our business. For instance, in 2020, the 
Government  of Guyana formally implemented telecommunications legislation that introduces material changes to many 
features of Guyana’s existing telecommunications regulatory regime that impact our operations, administrative reporting 
and services. There can be no assurance that these regulations will be effectively implemented, or that they will be 
administered in a fair and transparent manner and Guyana remains a high-risk environment due to economic, political 
and judicial uncertainty. 

Our interpretations of our obligations in the United States and our international jurisdictions may differ from 
those of regulatory authorities. Both federal and state regulators, as well as international regulators, require us to pay 
various fees and assessments, file periodic reports and comply with various rules regarding our consumer marketing 
practices and the contents of our bills, on an on-going basis. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we may be 
subject to fines or potentially be asked to show cause as to why our licenses to provide service should not be revoked. 

The loss of certain licenses could adversely affect our ability to provide wireless and broadband services. 

In the United States, wireless licenses generally are valid for 10 years from the effective date of the license, and 
generally may be renewed for additional 10-year periods by filing renewal applications with the FCC. While to date we 
have successfully renewed our licenses in the ordinary course of operations, failure to file for renewal of these licenses 
or failure to meet any licensing requirements could lead to a denial of the renewal application and thus adversely affect 
our ability to continue to provide service in that license area. 

In our international markets, telecommunications licenses are typically issued and regulated by the applicable 

telecommunications ministry. The application and renewal process for these licenses may be lengthy, require us to 
expend substantial renewal fees, and/or be subject to regulatory or legislative uncertainty, such as we are experiencing in 
Guyana, as described above. Failure to comply with these regulatory requirements may have an adverse effect on our 
licenses or operations and could result in sanctions, fines or other penalties. 

Economic Risks 

General economic factors, such as inflation and a potential economic downturn, domestically and internationally, 
may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. 

Our operations and performance depend on worldwide economic conditions. These conditions have been 
adversely impacted by continued global economic concerns over rising inflation rates, supply chain disruptions, a 
potential recession, outbreak of war in Ukraine and other monetary and financial uncertainties. Rising inflation may 
adversely affect our liquidity, business, financial condition and results of operations by increasing our overall cost 
structure. The existence of inflation in the economy has resulted in, and may continue to result in, higher interest rates 
and capital costs, supply shortages, increased costs of labor, components, manufacturing and shipping, as well as 
weakening exchange rates and other similar effects. In response to recent inflationary pressure, the U.S. Federal Reserve 
and other global central banks have raised interest rates in 2022, and further interest rate increases are anticipated. These 
increases have led to concerns of a potential global recession. Any such events are likely to result in significant 
disruption of global financial markets, which may reduce our ability to access capital on favorable terms or at all. In 
addition, a recession, depression or other sustained adverse market event could materially and adversely affect our 
business and the value of our Common Stock. Although we may take measures to mitigate these events, if these 
measures are not effective, our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity could be materially 
adversely affected. Even if such measures are effective, there could be a difference between the timing of when these 
beneficial actions impact our results of operations and when the costs are incurred. 

31 

In addition, an economic downturn in the markets in which we currently operate or in the global market 
generally may lead to slower economic activity, increased unemployment, concerns about inflation, decreased consumer 
confidence and other adverse business conditions that could have an impact on our businesses. For example, among 
other things: 

• 

• 

a decrease in tourism could negatively affect revenues and growth opportunities from operations in the 
islands and in a number of areas covered by US rural and wholesale wireless operations that serve tourist 
destinations; and 

an increase in credit losses on trade receivables, or the amounts that we have to write-off of our accounts 
receivable, could result from our inability to collect subscription fees from our subscribers. 

In 2022, we saw a return to tourism in some of our tourism-dependent markets over 2021, but on an aggregate 
basis tourist activity in the markets we operate remains below pre-pandemic levels. The continuation travel restrictions 
limited the numbers of customers roaming onto our network, in addition to depressing demand for our services generally 
in the hospitality industry (e.g. hotels, bars, and restaurants) that is traditionally supported by the tourism industry. 
Further, we also continued to see the effects of population flight from some of our island markets for a variety of reasons 
including continued lockdowns and travel restrictions and also general economic downturns. It is unknown what the 
long-term economic effects of these negative impacts on the tourism industry will be, but our business operations and 
revenue may certainly be adversely impacted as a result.  

The long-term impact, if any, that these events might have on us and our business, is uncertain. 

The successful operation and growth of our business in two of our major markets (Guyana and Alaska) is highly 
dependent on economic conditions which may deteriorate due to reductions in crude oil prices or demand. 

Successful operation and growth in Guyana and Alaska largely depend on local economic conditions due to 
their remote geographies. The Alaska and Guyanese economies, in turn, depend heavily on the strength of the natural 
resource industries, particularly oil production and prices of crude oil. The supply and price of crude oil can be volatile 
and influenced by a myriad of factors beyond our control, including foreign actors (like OPEC), worldwide supply and 
demand, war, economic sanctions, natural disasters and other events, the move by many governments, businesses, and 
institutions towards “de-carbonization” and political conditions.  

Alaska’s economy is dependent on investment by oil companies, and state tax revenues correlate with the price 

of oil as the State assesses a tax based on the value of the oil that transits the pipeline from the North Slope. Guyana is 
projected to have tremendous economic growth in upcoming years that is largely dependent on the continued supply of 
crude oils and the government’s efficient use of its portion of the revenues from crude oil sales. The impact of this 
change on the State’s economy is uncertain.  

Overall economic impacts from a sustained lower price of crude oil, on Alaska on the one hand, and from 

projected revenue from sales of oil, for Guyana on the other hand, if maintained over time, will impact our growth in the 
future. 

Our debt instruments include restrictive and financial covenants that limit our operating flexibility. 

The credit facilities that we and our subsidiaries maintain include certain financial and other covenants that, 
among other things, restrict our ability to take specific actions, even if we believe such actions are in our best interest. 
These include restrictions on our ability to do the following: 

• 

• 

incur additional debt; 

create liens or negative pledges with respect to our assets; 

32 

• 

pay dividends or distributions on, or redeem or repurchase, our capital stock; 

•  make investments, loans or advances or other forms of payments; 

• 

• 

issue, sell or allow distributions on capital stock of specified subsidiaries; 

enter into transactions with affiliates; or 

•  merge, consolidate or sell our assets. 

Any failure to comply with the restrictions of the credit facilities or any subsequent financing agreements may 

result in an event of default. Such default may allow our creditors to accelerate the repayment of the related debt and 
may result in the acceleration of the repayment of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision 
applies. In addition, these creditors may be able to terminate any commitments they had made to provide us with further 
funds. 

Labor costs and the terms of collective bargaining agreements can negatively impact our ability to remain 
competitive, which could cause our financial performance to suffer. 

Our four largest markets all have some unionized labor pools, and the addition of Alaska Communications 

brings even more of an operating challenge than we have in other markets given the remote location of operations and 
the extent of the unionized workforce. Labor costs are a significant component of Alaska Communications’ expenses 
and, as of December 31, 2022, approximately 54% of its workforce is represented by the International Brotherhood of 
Electrical Workers (“IBEW”). The collective bargaining agreement (“CBA”) between Alaska Communications and the 
IBEW, which is effective through December 31, 2023, governs the terms and conditions of employment for all IBEW 
represented employees working for Alaska Communications and has significant economic impacts on it as the CBA 
relates to wage and benefit costs and work rules. We believe Alaska Communications’ labor costs are higher than our 
competitors who employ a non-unionized workforce because Alaska Communications is required by the CBA to 
contribute to the IBEW Health and Welfare Trust and the Alaska Electrical Pension Fund (“AEPF”) for benefit 
programs, including defined benefit pension plans and health benefit plans, that are not reflective of the competitive 
marketplace. Furthermore, work rules under the existing agreement limit Alaska Communications’ ability to efficiently 
manage its workforce and make the incremental cost of work performed outside normal work hours high. In addition, 
Alaska Communications may make strategic and operational decisions that require the consent of the IBEW. In all of our 
markets, the local union may not provide consent when needed to execute upon strategic new initiatives or cost saving 
measures, it may require additional wages, benefits or other consideration be paid in return for its consent, or it may call 
for a work stoppage against our operating companies. Any deterioration in the relationship with our local unions could 
have a negative impact on our operations and on our ability to achieve our plans for growth. 

Alaska Communications may incur substantial and unexpected liabilities arising out of its pension plans. 

Alaska Communications is required by the CBA to contribute to the AEPF for benefit programs, including 
defined benefit pension plans and health benefit plans. Alaska Communications also maintains pension benefits for 
substantially all of its Alaska-based employees. The AEPF is a multi-employer pension plan to which Alaska 
Communications makes fixed, per employee, contributions through the CBA, which covers the IBEW represented 
workforce, and a special agreement, which covers most of its non-represented workforce. Because contribution 
requirements are fixed, Alaska Communications cannot easily adjust annual plan contributions to address its own 
financial circumstances. Currently, this plan is not fully funded, which means Alaska Communications may be subject to 
increased contribution obligations, penalties, and ultimately, it could incur a contingent withdrawal liability should it 
choose to withdraw from the AEPF for economic reasons.  Alaska Communications’ contingent withdrawal liability is 
an amount based on its pro-rata share among AEPF participants of the value of the funding shortfall. This contingent 
liability becomes due and payable if Alaska Communications terminates its participation in the AEPF. Moreover, if 
another participant in the AEPF goes bankrupt, Alaska Communications would become liable for a pro-rata share of the 
bankrupt participant’s vested, but unpaid, liability for accrued benefits for that participant’s employees. This could result 
in a substantial unexpected contribution requirement 

33 

 
 
and making such a contribution could have a material adverse effect on Alaska Communications’ cash position and other 
financial results. These sources of potential liability are difficult to predict. 

These plans and activities have generated and will likely continue to generate substantial cash requirements for 

Alaska Communications, and these requirements may increase beyond our expectations in future years based on 
changing market conditions, which could result in substantial liabilities on our balance sheet. The difference between 
projected plan obligations and assets, or the funded status of the plans, is a significant factor in determining the net 
periodic benefit costs of these pension plans and the ongoing funding requirements of those plans. Changes in interest 
rates, mortality rates, health care costs, early retirement rates, returns on investment and the market value of plan assets 
can affect the funded status of our defined benefit pension plans and cause volatility in the net periodic benefit cost and 
future funding requirements of the plans. In the future, we may be required to make additional contributions to our 
defined benefit plans. Plan liabilities may impair our liquidity, have an unfavorable impact on our ability to obtain 
financing and place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to some of our competitors who do not have such 
liabilities and cash requirements. 

Given the complexity of pension-related matters we may not, in every instance, be in full compliance with 

applicable requirements. 

Other Risks 

Our founder is our largest stockholder and could exert significant influence over us. 

Cornelius B. Prior, Jr., our founder and the father of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, together with 
related entities, affiliates and family members (including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer), beneficially owns 
approximately 27% of our outstanding Common Stock. As a result, he has the ability to exert significant influence over 
all matters presented to our stockholders for approval, including election and removal of our directors and change of 
control transactions. His interests may not always coincide with the interests of other holders of our Common Stock. 

Low trading volume of our stock may limit our stockholders’ ability to sell shares and/or result in lower sale prices. 

For the three months prior to March 15, 2023, the average daily trading volume of our Common Stock was 

approximately 44,000 shares. As a result, our stockholders may have difficulty selling a large number of shares of our 
Common Stock in the manner or at a price that might be attainable if our Common Stock were more actively traded. In 
addition, the market price of our Common Stock may not be reflective of its underlying value. 

We may not pay dividends in the future. 

Our stockholders may receive dividends out of legally available funds if, and when, they are declared by our 
Board of Directors. We have consistently paid quarterly dividends in the past, but may cease to do so or decrease the 
dividend amount at any time. Our credit facility sets certain limitations on our ability to pay dividends on, or repurchase, 
our capital stock. We may incur additional indebtedness in the future that may further restrict our ability to declare and 
pay dividends. We may also be restricted from paying dividends in the future due to restrictions imposed by applicable 
state laws, our financial condition and results of operations, capital requirements, management’s assessment of future 
capital needs and other factors considered by our Board of Directors. 

The lack of liquidity of our privately held investments may adversely affect our business. 

Our subsidiaries and affiliates are typically private companies whose securities are not traded in any public 

market. In the past, we have partnered with other equity investors as well, and may have majority or minority holdings in 
certain investments. Investment agreements for both our majority and minority held subsidiaries often contain investor 
rights and obligations, such as rights of first refusal, co-sale, and "drag along" provisions related to liquidity events and 
transfers that may force us to sell or exit our holdings at times or on terms that are not optimal or limit our ability to sell 
or exit our holdings when we would like to. The illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to quickly

34 

obtain cash equal to the value at which we record our investments if the need arises to satisfy the repurchase of such 
investments from our other equity investors in the event such company desires, or in the case of our Alaska Transaction 
and Sacred Wind Transaction, may be required to repurchase such securities pursuant to contractual arrangements. Such 
illiquidity could also cause us to miss other investment opportunities. There can also be no assurance that our 
investments will appreciate in value or that it will have the opportunity to divest such investments at acceptable prices or 
within the timeline envisaged. If any of the above circumstances arise, it could result in impairments to such 
investments, and could have a material adverse impact on our earnings, cash flow and financial condition. 

ITEM 1B.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 

None. 

ITEM 2.  PROPERTIES   

We lease approximately 21,000 square feet of office space at 500 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA 01915 for 

our corporate headquarters. Worldwide, we utilize the following approximate square footage of space for our operations: 

Type of space 
Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

International 
Telecom 
332,000
42,000
2,024,000

  US Telecom  
220,000  
2,000  
298,000  

  Corporate
 and Other
 47,000
 —
 —

All of the above locations are leased except for the office and technical space within our International Telecom 
segment, which we own. As of December 31, 2022, we operated six retail stores in our US Telecom segment and twenty 
one retail stores in our International Telecom segment. 

Our offices and technical operations are in the following locations: 

International Telecom 
Georgetown, Guyana 
Bermuda 
US Virgin Islands 
Cayman Islands 

US Telecom 
Little Rock, AR 
Castle Rock, CO 
Atlanta, GA
Anchorage, AK 
Albuquerque, NM 

Within our communications operations, we globally own approximately 350 towers, lease an additional 
approximate 370 towers and have 6 switch locations within rented locations. We consider our owned and leased 
properties to be suitable and adequate for our business operations. 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 

We and our subsidiaries are subject to certain regulatory and legal proceedings and other claims arising in the 

ordinary course of business, some of which involve claims for damages and taxes that are substantial in amount. 
Historically, our subsidiary, GTT, has been subject to other long-standing litigation proceedings and disputes in Guyana 
that have not yet been resolved. We believe that, except for the items discussed below, for which we are currently unable 
to predict the final outcome, the disposition of matters currently pending will not have a material adverse effect on our 
financial position or results of operations. 

35 

 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
      
 
 
 
     
     
 
 
 
 
Beginning in 2006, the National Frequency Management Unit (now the Telecommunications Agency, or the 

“NFMU/TA”) and GTT have been engaged in discussions regarding the amount of and methodology for calculation of 
spectrum fees payable by GTT in Guyana. Since that time, GTT has made payments of undisputed spectrum fees as 
amounts invoiced by the NFMU/TA. There have been limited further discussions on the subject of a revised spectrum 
fee methodology with the Telecommunications Agency and GTT awaits the determination of such fees. 

On May 8, 2009, a GTT competitor, Digicel, filed a lawsuit in Guyana challenging the legality of GTT’s 

exclusive license rights under Guyana’s constitution and GTT intervened in the suit in order to oppose Digicel’s claims. 
The case remains pending. We believe that any legal challenge to GTT’s exclusive license rights granted in 1990 is 
without merit and we continue to defend vigorously against such legal challenge. 

GTT has filed several lawsuits in the High Court of Guyana asserting that, despite its denials, Digicel is 

engaged in international bypass in violation of GTT’s exclusive license rights, the interconnection agreement between 
the parties, and the laws of Guyana. Digicel filed counterclaims alleging that GTT has violated the terms of the 
interconnection agreement and Guyana laws. These suits, filed in 2010 and 2012, have been consolidated with Digicel’s 
constitutional challenge described above, however, we cannot accurately predict at this time when the consolidated suit 
will reach a court of final determination. 

GTT is also involved in several legal claims regarding its tax filings with the Guyana Revenue Authority (the 

“GRA”) dating back to 1991 regarding the deductibility of intercompany advisory fees as well as other tax assessments. 
GTT’s position has been upheld by various High Court rulings made  in  its favor including most recently in 
December 2021, when an assessment relating to 2010-2016 was quashed and declared to have no legal effect. GTT has 
maintained that it has no unpaid corporation tax due to the GRA and that any liability GTT might be found to have with 
respect to the disputed tax assessments, as alleged by the GRA in the aggregate amount of $32 million net of interest, 
would be offset in part by the amounts necessary to ensure that GTT’s return on investment was no less than 15% per 
annum for the relevant periods. Several High Court rulings in the favor of GTT have been appealed by the GRA and we 
believe that some adverse outcome in these or pending unheard matters could occur. 

On May 20, 2021, we were served with a notice of application for enforcement of a foreign judgment with 

respect to a matter brought by the Trinidad & Tobago Electric Commission (“TTEC”) in the High Court of Justice in the 
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago in August 2013 against GTT and other defendants, alleging breach of contract due to 
GTT’s failure to pay TTEC in connection with amounts alleged to be owed as reimbursement for cable repair costs. In 
December 2022, GTT settled this matter with TTEC. 

In February 2020, our subsidiary, Alaska Communications, received a draft audit report from USAC in 

connection with USAC’s inquiry into Alaska Communications’ funding requests under the Rural Health Care Support 
Program for certain customers for the time period of July 2012 through June 2017. The draft audit report alleges 
violations of the FCC’s rules for establishing rural rates and urban rates, the provisioning and billing of ineligible 
services and products, and violations of the FCC’s competitive bidding rules.  Alaska Communications has provided 
USAC with extensive comments in response to its draft audit report seeking correction of numerous factual and legal 
errors that it believed it had identified. As a result of these conversations and comments being submitted by Alaska 
Communications, USAC’s auditors may revise their findings, including the amounts they recommend USAC seek to 
recover. USAC’s auditors are expected to issue a final audit report incorporating Alaska Communications’ responses 
that will be sent to USAC’s Rural Health Care Division to review and determine if corrective action would be 
appropriate. In the event that we disagree with USAC’s final audit report, we can appeal that decision to USAC’s Rural 
Health Care Division and/or the FCC. At this time, we cannot predict the contents or timing of the final USAC audit 
report, the outcome of the audit or the impact on the our business, financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.  

Alaska Communications also received a Letter of Inquiry on March 18, 2018, and subsequent follow up 

information requests, from the FCC Enforcement Bureau requesting historical information regarding Alaska 
Communications’ participation in the FCC’s Rural Health Care Support Program.  We are engaged in discussions with 
the FCC’s Enforcement Bureau and will continue to work constructively to provide it the information it is seeking.  Any 

36 

 
 
adverse outcome with respect to the FCC Enforcement Bureau’s inquiry may have an adverse impact our business, 
financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. 

With respect to all of the foregoing matters, we believe that some adverse outcome is probable and have 

accordingly accrued $14.7 million as of December 31, 2022 for these and other potential liabilities arising in various 
claims, legal actions and regulatory proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. We also face contingencies 
that are reasonably possible to occur that cannot currently be estimated. It is our policy to expense costs associated with 
loss contingencies, including any related legal fees, as they are incurred. 

ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 

Not Applicable. 

37 

 
 
INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 

The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers as of March 15, 2023: 

Name 
Michael T. Prior  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Justin D. Benincasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brad Martin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mary Mabey  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Justin Leon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

     Age     

Position 

58 Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
60 Chief Financial Officer
47 Chief Operating Officer
41
37

Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Senior Vice President, Corporate Development

Executive Officers 

Michael T. Prior is the Chairman of the Board of Directors and has been our President and Chief Executive 

Officer since December 2005 and an officer of the Company since June 2003. He was elected to the Board in May 2008. 
Previous to joining the Company, Mr. Prior was a partner with Q Advisors LLC, a Denver based investment banking and 
financial advisory firm focused on the technology and telecommunications sectors. Mr. Prior began his career as a 
corporate attorney with Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP in London and New York.  He received a B.A. degree 
from Vassar College and a J.D. degree summa cum laude from Brooklyn Law School. Mr. Prior currently serves on the 
Board of Directors of the Competitive Carriers Association. In 2008, Mr. Prior was named Entrepreneur of the Year for 
the New England Region by Ernst & Young LLP and One of America’s Best CEOs by DeMarche Associates, Inc. 

Justin D. Benincasa is our Chief Financial Officer.  Prior to joining us in May 2006, Mr. Benincasa was a 

Principal at Windover Development, LLC since 2004. From 1998 to 2004, he was Executive Vice President of Finance 
and Administration at American Tower Corporation, a leading wireless and broadcast communications infrastructure 
company, where he managed finance and accounting, treasury, IT, tax, lease administration and property management. 
Prior to that, he was Vice President and Corporate Controller at American Radio Systems Corporation and held 
accounting and finance positions at American Cablesystems Corporation. Mr. Benincasa holds an M.B.A. degree from 
Bentley University and a B.A. degree from the University of Massachusetts. 

Brad Martin is our Chief Operating Officer. Prior to joining us in 2018, he previously served as Chief 

Operating Officer for Senet Inc., a leading “low power wide area” network (LPWAN) operator and global service 
provider. From 2013 through 2015, Mr. Martin served as Senior Vice President and Chief Quality Officer with Extreme 
Networks, a global leader in software-driven networking solutions for Enterprise and Service Provider customers.  
Between 2008 and 2013, Mr. Martin served as Vice President of Engineering Operations and Quality with Siemens 
Enterprise Communications and Enterasys Networks, delivering voice and data networking hardware and software 
solutions to global enterprises. Mr. Martin holds a Bachelor of Science, Mechanical Engineering from the University of 
Maine, is a published author and featured industry speaker. 

Mary Mabey is our Senior Vice President and General Counsel.  Ms. Mabey joined us in 2009 and previously 

served as our Deputy General Counsel.  Prior to joining us, Ms. Mabey was with the law firm of Edwards Angell 
Palmer & Dodge LLP (now Locke Lord LLP) in Boston, where she advised public and private companies in domestic 
and international transactions on corporate and securities law matters, merger, acquisition and financing transactions, 
corporate governance, and other general corporate matters. Ms. Mabey received a B.A. degree from the University of 
Notre Dame and a J.D. degree from the University of Texas School of Law. 

Justin Leon is our Senior Vice President of Corporate Development. He joined the Company in 2015 and 

brings over fifteen years of investing experience to the team. Prior to joining ATN, Justin worked in Corporate 
Strategy & Development for Nuance Communications, a publicly traded software company focused on speech 
recognition and machine learning where he executed over $1 billion in acquisitions in the healthcare, mobile, and 
enterprise software verticals. Justin started his career at Stonebridge Associates, a boutique investment bank in Boston 
advising clients in 

38 

 
  
 
 
 
technology, medical device, and consumer products verticals. Justin earned a degree in corporate finance from Bentley 
College and an MBA from the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth. 

PART II 

ITEM 5.  MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES  

Our Common Stock, $.01 par value, is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “ATNI.” 

The number of holders of record of Common Stock as of March 15, 2023 was 81. 

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities in the Fourth Quarter of 2022 

On September 19, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our 

Common Stock from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the “2016 Repurchase 
Plan”). 

The following table reflects the repurchases by the Company of its Common Stock during the quarter ended 

December 31, 2022: 

(d) 
Maximum 
Number (or 
Approximate 

(c) 
  Total Number of 

(b) 

  Dollar Value) of 
  Average   Shares Purchased    Shares that May 

(a) 

  Total Number   Price 

  as Part of Publicly  

be Purchased 

of Shares 
  Purchased 

  Paid per   Announced Plans    Under the Plans or

Share 
— $ —
—
—
—
—

or Programs 

Programs 

 —   $  19,451,514
19,451,514
 —  
19,451,514
 —  

Period 
October 1, 2022 — October 31, 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
November 1, 2022 — November 30, 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
December 1, 2022 — December 31, 2022  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39 

 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock Performance Graph  

The graph below matches ATN International’s cumulative 5-Year total shareholder return on Common Stock 

with the cumulative total returns of the Russell 2000 index, the S&P Smallcap 600 index, and the Nasdaq 
Telecommunications index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our Common Stock and in each 
index (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from 12/31/2017 to 12/31/2022. 

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among ATN International, the Russell 2000 Index, 
the S&P Smallcap 600 Index and the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index

$180

$160

$140

$120

$100

$80

$60

$40

$20

$0

12/17

12/18

12/19

12/20

12/21

12/22

ATN International

Russell 2000

S&P Smallcap 600

NASDAQ Telecommunications

*$100 invested on 12/31/17 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.
Fiscal year ending December 31.

Copyright© 2023 Standard & Poor's, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved.
Copyright© 2023 Russell Investment Group. All rights reserved.

12/17 

12/18 

12/19 

12/20 

12/21 

12/22 

ATN International  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
Russell 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
S&P Smallcap 600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
NASDAQ Telecommunications  . .  

100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00

130.85
88.99
91.52
77.39

102.54
111.70
112.37
91.90

78.32 
134.00 
125.05 
101.16 

76.06
153.85
158.59
103.32

87.73
122.41
133.06
75.55

The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance 

40 

 
 
  
     
    
    
    
     
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS 
OF OPERATIONS    

Overview   

We provide digital infrastructure and communications services in the United States and internationally, 

including in the Caribbean region, with a focus on smaller markets, many of which are rural or remote, with a growing 
demand for infrastructure investments, Through our operating subsidiaries, we primarily provide: (i) carrier and 
enterprise communications services, such as terrestrial and submarine fiber optic transport, and communications tower 
facilities; and (ii) fixed and mobile telecommunications connectivity to residential, business and government customers, 
including a range of high-speed internet and data services, fixed and mobile wireless solutions, and video and voice 
services. 

At the holding company level, we oversee the allocation of capital within and among our subsidiaries, affiliates, 

new investments, and stockholders. We have developed significant operational expertise and resources that we use to 
augment the capabilities of our individual operating subsidiaries in our local markets. We have built a platform of 
resources and expertise to support our operating subsidiaries and to improve their quality of service with greater 
economies of scale and expertise than would typically be available at the operating subsidiary level. We provide 
management, technical, financial, regulatory, and marketing services to our operating subsidiaries and typically receive a 
management fee calculated as a percentage of their revenues, which is eliminated in consolidation. We also actively 
evaluate potential acquisitions, investment opportunities and other strategic transactions, both domestic and 
international, and generally look for those that we believe fit our profile of telecommunications businesses and have the 
potential to complement our “glass and steel” and “first to fiber” approach in markets while generating steady excess 
cash flows over extended periods of time. We use the cash generated from our operations to re-invest in organic growth 
in our existing businesses, to make strategic investments in additional businesses, and to return cash to our investors 
through dividends or stock repurchases. 

For further information about our financial segments and geographical information about our operating 

revenues and assets, see Notes 1 and 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. 

As of December 31, 2022, we offer the following types of services to our customers: 

•  Mobility Telecommunications Services.  We offer mobile communications services over our wireless 
networks and related equipment(such as handsets) to both our business and consumer subscribers.   

•  Fixed Telecommunications Services. We provide fixed data and voice telecommunications services to  
business and consumer customers.  These services include consumer broadband and high speed data 
solutions for businesses. For some markets, fixed services also include video services and revenue derived 
from support under certain government programs. 

•  Carrier Telecommunication Services.  We deliver services to other telecommunications providers such as 
the leasing of critical network infrastructure, such as tower and transport facilities, wholesale roaming, site 
maintenance and international long-distance services. 

•  Managed Services. We provide information technology services such as network, application, 

infrastructure and hosting services to both our business and consumer customers to complement our fixed 
Services in our existing markets. 

Through December 31, 2022, we have identified two operating segments to manage and review our operations 

and to facilitate investor presentations of our results.  These two operating segments are as follows: 

• 

International Telecom.  .  In our international markets, we offer fixed services, mobility services, carrier 
services and managed services to customers in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Guyana and the US Virgin 
Islands. 

41 

•  US Telecom.  In the United States, we offer fixed services, carrier services, and managed services to 

business and consumer customers in Alaska and the western United States.  As of December 31, 2022 we 
provided mobility services to retail customers in the western United States 

The following chart summarizes the operating activities of our principal subsidiaries, the segments in which we 

report our revenue and the markets we served as of December 31, 2022: 

Segment 

Services 

Markets 

International Telecom  . . . .     Mobility Services 

   Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin 

  Fixed Services 

Carrier Services 

Managed Services 

US Telecom . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  

Mobility Services 

Islands

   Bermuda, Cayman Islands, 
Guyana, US Virgin Islands 
Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin 
Islands
Bermuda, Cayman Islands, US 
Virgin Islands, Guyana

   United States (rural markets) 

Fixed Services 

United States 

Carrier Services 

United States 

Managed Services 

   United States 

Tradenames 
   One, GTT, Viya 

   One, Logic, GTT, 

Viya 
One, GTT, Viya 

Fireminds, One, 
Logic, GTT, Viya

   Choice, Choice 
NTUA Wireless
Alaska 
Communications, 
Commnet, Choice, 
Choice NTUA 
Wireless, Sacred 
Wind 
Communications, 
Ethos 
Alaska 
Communications, 
Commnet, Essextel, 
Sacred Wind 
Communications
Alaska 
Communications, 
Choice

Acquisition of Sacred Wind Enterprises 

On November 7, 2022, we, via our newly formed wholly owned subsidiary Alloy, Inc. (“Alloy”), acquired all 

of the issued and outstanding stock of Sacred Wind Enterprises, Inc. (“Sacred Wind”), a rural telecommunications 
provider in New Mexico (the “Sacred Wind Transaction”) for $44.4 million of consideration. As part of the Sacred Wind 
Transaction, we transferred consideration of $18.0 million of cash, net of $9.4 million of cash acquired, $14.8 million of 
redeemable noncontrolling interests, and $3.7 million of contingent consideration, less $1.5 million of receivables 
related to working capital adjustments. As part of the Sacred Wind Transaction, we contributed all of our ownership 
interests in our Commnet business to Alloy.  Subsequent to the transaction, the former Sacred Wind shareholders will 
own  6% of the Alloy equity. The equity is classified as redeemable noncontrolling interests in our financial statements 
because the holders have an option, beginning in 2026, to put the equity interest to a subsidiary of the Company at the 
then fair market value.  The redeemable noncontrolling interests do not have preference relative to other equity units and 
participate in gains and losses in Alloy. The contingent consideration is earned based on certain operating metrics of 
Sacred Wind beginning in 2025 through 2027.  The fair value of the contingent consideration was calculated using 
discounted cash flow analysis based on a range of probability weighted outcomes.  The Company funded the acquisition 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
    
   
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
with borrowing under its CoBank Credit Facility and assumed $31.6 million of Sacred Wind debt, to the United States of 
America administered through the Rural Utilities Service. 

We believe that the acquisition of Sacred Wind will expand our infrastructure reach and broadband services in 

the rural Southwest and increase our wholesale carrier, residential and business broadband services. 

Acquisition of Alaska Communications  

On July 22, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Alaska Communications Systems Group, Inc. (“Alaska 
Communications”), a publicly listed company, for approximately $339.5 million in cash, net of cash acquired, (the 
“Alaska Transaction”). Alaska Communications provides broadband telecommunication and managed information 
technology services to customers in the State of Alaska and beyond using its statewide and interstate 
telecommunications network. 

In conjunction with the Alaska Transaction, we entered into an agreement with affiliates and investment funds 

managed by Freedom 3 Capital, LLC as well as other institutional investors (collectively the “Freedom 3 Investors”). 
The Freedom 3 Investors contributed $71.5 million in conjunction with the Alaska Transaction (the “Freedom 3 
Investment”). The Freedom 3 Investment consists of common and preferred equity instruments in our subsidiary which 
holds the ownership of Alaska Communications.  We accounted for the Freedom 3 Investment as a redeemable 
noncontrolling interest in our consolidated financial statements and we also entered into a financing transaction drawing 
$220 million on a new credit facility to complete the Alaska Transaction. As a result of the Alaska Transaction, we own 
approximately 52% of the common equity of Alaska Communications and control its operations and 
management.  Beginning on July 22, 2021, the results of Alaska Communications are included in our US Telecom 
segment. 

See Liquidity and Capital Resources for a discussion regarding the credit agreement used to help finance the 

Alaska Transaction. 

Disposition of International Solar Business 

In January 2021, we completed the sale of 67% of the outstanding equity in our business that owns and operates 

distributed generation solar power projects operated under the Vibrant name in India (the “Vibrant Transaction”).  The 
post-sale results of our ownership interest in Vibrant are recorded through the equity method of accounting within the 
Corporate and Other operating segment.  We will continue to present the historical results of our Renewable Energy 
segment for comparative purposes. 

The operations of Vibrant did not qualify as discontinued operations because the disposition did not represent a 

strategic shift that had a major effect on our operations and financial results.  

FirstNet Agreement 

In July 2019, we entered into a Network Build and Maintenance Agreement with AT&T Mobility, LLC 

(“AT&T”) that we amended in August 2020, May 2021 and August 2022 (the “FirstNet Agreement”). In connection 
with the FirstNet Agreement, we are building a portion of AT&T’s network for the First Responder Network Authority 
(“FirstNet”) in or near our current operating areas in the Western United States.  Pursuant to the FirstNet Agreement and 
subject to certain limitations contained therein, all cell sites must be completed and accepted within a specified period of 
time.  We expect that total construction revenue related to FirstNet will approximate $80 million to $85 million.  Since 
inception of the project through December 31, 2022, we have recorded $62.6 million in construction revenue, including 
$15.8 million during 2022.  In 2023, we expect to record additional construction revenue and related costs, as sites are 
completed.  Revenues from construction are expected to have minimal impact on operating income. The network build 
portion of the FirstNet Agreement continued during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the overall timing of the build 
schedule has been delayed.   

43 

 
 
Following acceptance of a cell site, AT&T will own the cell site and we will assign to AT&T any third-party 

tower lease applicable to such cell site.  If the cell site is located on a communications tower we own, AT&T will pay us 
pursuant to a separate lease agreement for an initial term of eight years.  In addition to building the network, we will 
provide ongoing equipment and site maintenance and high-capacity transport to and from these cell sites for an initial 
term ending in 2029.  

AT&T will continue to use our wholesale domestic mobility network for roaming services at a fixed rate per 

site during the construction period until such time as the cell site is transferred to AT&T.  Thereafter, revenue from the 
maintenance, leasing and transport services provided to AT&T is expected to generally offset revenue from wholesale 
mobility roaming services.  We are currently receiving revenue from the FirstNet Transaction and expect overall 
operating income contributions from the FirstNet Transaction to have a relatively steady impact going forward.  

Universal Service Fund and Connect America Fund Phase II Programs 

We recognize revenue from several government funded programs including the USF, a subsidy program 

managed by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), and the Alaska Universal Service Fund (“AUSF”), a 
similar program managed by the Regulatory Commission of Alaska (the “RCA”). USF funds are disbursed to 
telecommunication providers through four programs: the High Cost Program; the Low Income Program (“Lifeline 
Program”); the Schools and Libraries Program (“E-Rate Program”); and the Rural Health Care Support Program.    

We also recognize revenue from the Connect America Fund Phase II program (“CAF II”) which offers 

subsidies to carriers to expand broadband coverage in designated areas. Under CAF II, our US Telecom segment will 
receive an aggregate of $27.4 million annually through December 2025 and an aggregate of $7.7 million annually from 
January 2026 through July 2028.  

Both the USF and CAFII programs are subject to certain operational and reporting compliance requirements. 

We believe we are in compliance with these requirements as of December 31, 2022. 

In 2018, the FCC initiated a proceeding to replace the High Cost Program support received by Viya in the US 

Virgin Islands with a new Connect USVI Fund. On November 16, 2020, the FCC announced that Viya was not the 
recipient of the Connect USVI Fund award and authorized funding to be issued to the new awardee in June 2021. 
Pursuant to the terms of the program and effective in July 2021, Viya’s annual USF support was reduced from 
$16.4 million to $10.9 million. In July 2022, this support was reduced again to $5.5 million for the annual period through 
June 2023. As the program currently stands, Viya will not receive High Cost Program support subsequent to June 2023. 

RDOF (“Rural Digital Opportunities Fund”) 

We expect to receive approximately $20.1 million over 10 years to provide broadband and voice coverage to 

over 10,000 households in the United States (not including Alaska) under the 2020 Rural Digital Opportunity Fund 
Phase I Auction (“RDOF”). We recorded $2.0 million of revenue from the RDOF program during the year ended 
December 31, 2022. 

44 

 
 
Construction Grants 

We have also been awarded construction grants to build network connectivity for eligible communities. The 
funding of these grants, used to reimburse us for our construction costs, is generally distributed upon completion of a 
project. Completion deadlines begin in June 2023 and once these projects are constructed, we are obligated to provide 
service to the participants. We expect to meet all requirements associated with these grants.  A roll forward of our grant 
awards is below (in thousands). 

Grants awarded, December 31, 2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cancelled grants  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grants awarded, December 31, 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

Amount 

 11,067
 73,384
 (4,254)
 80,197

In addition, we partner with tribal governments to obtain grants under the Tribal Broadband Connectivity 

Program ("TBCP").  The TBCP is a program administered by the National Telecommunications and Information 
Administration to deploy broadband connectivity on tribal lands.  We were identified as a sub recipient of TBCP grants 
totaling $145.5 million as of December 31, 2022. 

Replace and Remove Program 

On July 15, 2022, we were notified that we were an approved participant in the Federal Communication 

Commission’s Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Reimbursement Program (the “Replace and Remove 
Program”), designed to reimburse providers of communications services for reasonable costs incurred in the required 
removal, replacement, and disposal of covered communications equipment or services, that have been deemed to pose a 
national security risk, from their networks.  Pursuant to the Replace and Remove Program, we were allocated up to 
approximately $207 million in reimbursement amounts to cover documented and approved costs to remove and securely 
destroy all prohibited communications equipment and services in our U.S. networks and replace such equipment. The 
Replace and Remove Program requires that we complete our first request for reimbursement for services performed 
under the program no later than July 14, 2023 and that we complete the project no later than one year from submitting 
our initial reimbursement request.  We are currently assessing the impact of this program on our financial statements and 
anticipate that we will be able to meet the deadlines and requirements of the program.  At December 31, 2022, we 
established a receivable for $5.7 million of costs for which we expect to be reimbursed under the program. 

CARES Act 

As of December 31, 2020, we received $16.3 million of funding under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and 
Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) to construct network infrastructure within our US Telecom segment. During the 
year ended December 31, 2021, we received an additional $2.4 million of funding for the same purpose. The 
construction was completed as of December 31, 2021 and $18.4 million of the funding was recorded as a reduction to 
property, plant and equipment with a subsequent reduction to depreciation expense. The remaining $0.3 million was 
recorded as a reduction to operating expense in the year ended December 31, 2021. 

CBRS Auction 

During the third quarter of 2020, we participated in the FCC’s Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) 

auction for Priority Access Licenses (PALs) in the 3.5 GHz spectrum band. These PALs are licensed on a county-by-
county basis and are awarded for a 10-year renewable term. We were a winning bidder for PALs located strategically 
throughout the United States at a total net cost of $19.3 million. In connection with the awarded licenses, we will have to 
achieve certain CBRS spectrum build out obligations. We currently expect to comply with all applicable requirements 
related to these licenses. 

45 

 
 
 
Presentation of Revenue 

Effective July 1, 2021, we began to categorize Mobility revenue and Fixed revenue as either “consumer” or 
“business” based upon the characteristics of our subscribers.  Effective October 1, 2021, our statement of operations 
separately reflected Construction revenue. All periods presented have been adjusted to conform to these presentation 
updates. 

Presentation of Operating Expenses 

Effective January 1, 2021, we changed our presentation of operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated 

Statements of Operations by combining the previously disclosed Termination and Access Fees with Engineering and 
Operations as the newly represented Cost of Communications Services and Other. In addition, the previously disclosed 
Sales, Marketing and Customer Service expenses are now combined with the previously disclosed General and 
Administrative expenses within the newly represented Selling, General and Administrative expenses.  The change in 
presentation was made to better align our results with industry standards. Cost of construction services continues to be 
broken out separately and all depreciation and amortization continues to be shown separately. 

Discussion of Results of Operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020 

A discussion regarding our results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2020 

can be found under Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed with 
the SEC on March 16, 2022, which is available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and our Investor Relations website 
at https://.ir.atni.com under the “Financials & Filings” section. 

46 

 
 
Selected Segment Financial Information 

The following represents selected segment information for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in 

thousands): 

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 
International 
Telecom 

US 
Telecom 

      Renewable        Corporate and        

Energy 

Other (1) 

Consolidated

$ 

Revenue 
Communication Services 

Mobility - Business . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Mobility - Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Fixed - Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Fixed - Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total Fixed  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Carrier Services  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total Communication Services 
Revenue  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Other 

Managed Services  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total Other Revenue . . . . . . . . . .   
Total Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   

$

$

14,830
87,601
102,431
69,903
163,408
233,311
13,459
1,450

350,651
—

4,930
4,930
355,581

1,228
6,359
7,587
126,735
78,338
205,073
128,864
46

341,570
15,762

12,832
12,832
370,164

— $ 
—  
—  
—  
—  
—   
—  
—   

—
—

—  
—
—

 — 
 —  
 —  
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

 — 
 — 

 — 
 — 
 — 

$

16,058
93,960
110,018
196,638
241,746
438,384
142,323
1,496

692,221
15,762

17,762
17,762
725,745

Operating income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . .   

52,011

(5,655)

(801)

 (37,613)

7,942

For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 
International 
Telecom 

US 
Telecom 

Renewable   
Energy 

Corporate and  
Other (1) 

      Consolidated

$ 

Revenue 
Communication Services 

Mobility - Business . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Mobility - Consumer . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Fixed - Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Fixed - Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total Fixed  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Carrier Services  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total Communication Services 
Revenue  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Other 

Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Managed Services  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total Other Revenue . . . . . . . . . .   
Total Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   

$

6,983
86,384
93,367
67,458
166,005
233,463
9,937
946

337,713
—

—
5,146
5,146
342,859

$

1,402
7,532
8,934
53,283
41,897
95,180
107,793
—

211,907
35,889

—
11,635
11,635
259,431

— $ 
—  
—  
—  
—  
—   
—  
—   

—
—  

417

—  

417
417

 — 
 —  
 —  
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

 — 
 —  

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

$

8,385
93,916
102,301
120,741
207,902
328,643
117,730
946

549,620
35,889

417
16,781
17,198
602,707

Operating income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . .   

33,899

(14,016)

(2,459)

 (32,450)

(15,026)

47 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
     
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
(1)  Reconciling items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments. 

A comparison of our segment results for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows: 

International Telecom. Revenues within our International Telecom segment increased $12.7 million, or 3.7%, 

to $355.6 million from $342.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as a result of 
improved retail and marketing strategies which drove an increase in subscribers and equipment sales within all of our 
international markets.  In addition, our US Virgin Islands and Bermuda markets recognized an increase in Carrier 
Services revenue as a result of increased transport and access services as well as an increase in roaming revenues due to 
increased tourism in those markets.  These increases, however, were partially offset by a $4.1 million reduction in 
federal high cost support revenues in the US Virgin Islands.   

Operating expenses within our International Telecom segment decreased by $5.4 million, or 1.7%, to 
$303.6 million from $309.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  The decrease was 
primarily the result of a $20.6 million impairment of goodwill associated with our US Virgin Island operations during 
the year ended December 31, 2021 partially offset by a $6.8 million increase in equipment expenses and a $4.7 million 
increase in retail and marketing costs in 2022. 

As a result, our International Telecom segment’s operating income increased $18.1 million, or 53.4%, to 

$52.0 million from $33.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

US Telecom.  Revenue within our US Telecom segment increased by $110.8 million, or 42.7%, to 
$370.2 million from $259.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  Of this increase 
$141.0 million was a result of a full year of our Alaska operations, which were acquired on July 22, 2021, being included 
in our 2022 results partially offset by a $20.1 million reduction in construction revenue related to the FirstNet 
Transaction as well as a reduction in roaming revenue due to the restructuring of certain carrier contracts in our western 
United States operations. 

Operating expenses within our US Telecom segment increased $102.5 million to $375.9 million from 

$273.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as a result of a full year of our Alaska 
operations, which were acquired on July 22, 2021, being included in our 2022 results and increases in expenses being 
incurred in connection with increased data transport and other costs primarily in connection with the fully constructed 
cell sites as part of the FirstNet Transaction build-out of rural broadband operations.  These increases were partially 
offset by decreases in FirstNet construction costs of $20.3 million and transaction-related expenses, primarily related to 
the Alaska Transaction, of $9.7 million.     

As a result of the above, our US Telecom segment’s operating loss decreased by $8.3 million to a loss of 

$5.7 million from a loss of $14.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

Renewable Energy.  Until the completion of the Vibrant Transaction on January 27, 2021, we distributed 

generation solar power to commercial and industrial customers under the Vibrant name in India.  Accordingly, we did 
not generate revenue or incur operating expenses within our Renewable Energy segment subsequent to that date.  For the 
year ended December 31, 2021, we generated revenue, incurred operating expenses and reported an operating loss of 
$0.4 million, $2.9 million and $2.5 million, respectively. 

48 

The following represents a year over year discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the years 

ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): 

Year Ended  
December 31,  

2022 

2021 

Amount of   
Increase 

Percent    
Increase    
      (Decrease)       (Decrease)  

REVENUE: 

Communication services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 692,221
15,762
17,762
725,745

$ 549,620   $  142,601   
 (20,127)  
 564   
   123,038   

35,889  
17,198  
602,707  

25.9 %  
(56.1)
3.3
20.4

OPERATING EXPENSES (excluding depreciation and 
amortization unless otherwise indicated): 

Cost of communication services and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of construction revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selling, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transaction-related charges  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depreciation and amortization  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goodwill impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loss on disposition of long-lived assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total operating expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income (loss) from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): 

Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest expense  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other expense, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES . . . . . . . . . . .
Income tax benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NET INCOME (LOSS)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests,  
net of tax:  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN 
INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS . . . . . . . . . . . .

Communications services revenue 

312,895
15,763
231,805
4,798
135,137
13,016
—
4,389
717,803
7,942

174
(20,417)
4,245
(15,998)
(8,056)
(473)
(7,583)

249,322  
36,055  
188,283  
10,221  
102,731  
7,775  
20,587  
2,759  
617,733  
(15,026) 

132  
(9,614) 
1,821  
(7,661) 
(22,687) 
(1,878) 
(20,809) 

 63,573   
 (20,292) 
 43,522   
 (5,423)  
 32,406   
 5,241   
 (20,587) 
 1,630   
   100,070   
 22,968   

 42   
 (10,803)  
 2,424   
 (8,337)  
 14,631   
 1,405   
 13,226   

25.5
(56.3)
23.1
(53.1)
31.5
67.4
(100.0)
59.1
16.2
152.9

31.8
(112.4)
133.1
(108.8)
64.5
74.8
63.6

1,938

(1,299) 

 3,237   

249.2

$

(5,645)

$ (22,108)  $   16,463   

74.5 %  

Mobility Revenue.  Our Mobility revenue consists of retail revenue generated within both our International 
Telecom and US Telecom segments by providing retail mobile voice and data services over our wireless networks as 
well as through the sale and repair services of related equipment, such as handsets and other accessories, to our retail 
subscribers.   

Mobility revenue increased by $7.7 million, or 7.5%, to $110.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 
from $102.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.  All $7.7 million of this increase is related to a net increase 
in revenue from business customers.  

The increase in Mobility revenue, within our segments, consisted of the following:  

• 

International Telecom.  Within our International Telecom segment, Mobility revenue increased by 
$9.0 million, or 9.6%, to $102.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $93.4 million for the 
year 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
ended December 31, 2021.  Mobility revenue increased in each of our markets as total revenue from 
business customers increased $7.8 million with the remaining $1.2 million of increase being attributable to 
consumer customers.  These increases were the result of improved retail and marketing strategies which led 
to an increase in subscribers and a $4.1 million increase in equipment sales.  

•  US Telecom.  Mobility revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased by $1.3 million, or 14.6%, to 

$7.6 million from $8.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  
Substantially all of the $1.3 million decrease related to a decrease in revenue from consumers within our 
retail operations due to a decrease in subscribers. 

We expect that Mobility revenue within our International Telecom segment may increase as a result of an 

increase in subscribers.  However, such growth may be partially offset due to increased competition.  We expect that 
Mobility revenue within our US Telecom segment will decrease over time as we put more emphasis on other revenue 
sources. 

Fixed Revenue.  Fixed revenue is primarily generated by broadband, voice, and video service revenues 

provided to retail and business customers over our wireline networks.  Fixed revenue within our US Telecom segment 
also includes awards from the Connect America Fund Phase II program in the western United States and Alaska, as well 
as revenue from the Alaska Universal Service Fund.  Within our International Telecom segment, Fixed revenue also 
includes funding under the FCC’s High Cost Program in the US Virgin Islands.  

Fixed revenue increased by $109.8 million, or 33.4%, to $438.4 million from $328.6 million for the years ended 

December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  Of this increase, $75.9 million and $33.9 million relate to increases in 
revenue from business and consumer customers, respectively.  The increase in Fixed revenue, within our segments, 
consisted of the following:   

• 

International Telecom.  Within our International Telecom segment, Fixed revenue decreased by 
$0.2 million, or 0.1%, to $233.3 million from $233.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 
2021, respectively, as increases in fixed broadband subscribers in all of our international markets and data 
pricing increases in certain markets were offset by the previously disclosed and scheduled $4.1 million 
reduction in revenue from the FCC’s High Cost Program in the US Virgin Islands. 

•  US Telecom.  Fixed revenue within our US Telecom segment increased by $109.9 million, or 115.4%, to 
$205.1 million from $95.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Of this 
increase $104.8 million was a result of a full year of our Alaska operations, which were acquired on 
July 22, 2021, being included in our 2022 results.  In addition, we recognized a $5.7 million increase 
within the western United States as a result of an increase in usage for both business and consumer 
subscribers to support our subscribers’ increased demand for remote working. 

Fixed revenue within our International Telecom segment may further decrease as a result of the future 
scheduled step downs in USF funding in the US Virgin Islands and a decrease in demand for our video services due to 
subscribers using alternative methods to receive video content. Such decreases, however, may be offset as a result of an 
increase in demand for broadband and other data services from consumers, businesses and government, driven by such 
trends as the popularity of video and audio streaming, demand for cloud services and smart home, business and city 
solutions as well as macro-economic and population growth in places like the Cayman Islands and Guyana. 

Within our US Telecom segment, Fixed revenue is expected to increase as both our Alaska operations and our 

western United States operations, including the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction, further deploy broadband access 
to both consumers and businesses. 

50 

 
 
Carrier Services Revenue.  Carrier Services revenue is generated by both our International Telecom and US 

Telecom segments.  Within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue includes international long-
distance services, roaming revenues generated by other carriers’ customers roaming into our retail markets, transport 
services and access services provided to other telecommunications carriers.  Within our US Telecom segment, Carrier 
Services revenue includes services provided under the FirstNet Transaction, wholesale roaming revenues, the provision 
of network switching services, tower lease revenue and other services provided to other carriers.   

Carrier Services revenue increased by $24.6 million, or 20.9%, to $142.3 million from $117.7 million for the 

years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  The increase, within our segments, consisted of the following: 

• 

International Telecom.  Within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue increased by 
$3.6 million, or 36.4%, to $13.5 million, from $9.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 
2021, respectively, as a result of a $2.2 million increase in transport and access services and in tourism, 
primarily within the US Virgin Islands and Bermuda, that resulted in a $1.4 million increase in roaming 
revenues.  

•  US Telecom.  Carrier Services revenue within our US Telecom segment increased by $21.1 million, or 
19.6%, to $128.9 million from $107.8 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, 
respectively.  Of this increase, $35.0 million was primarily related to a full year of our Alaska operations, 
which were acquired on July 22, 2021, being included in our 2022 results and a $0.6 million increase in our 
wholesale long-distance voice services business.  These increases were partially offset by a decrease of 
$14.5 million in our western United States operations primarily as a result of the restructure of certain 
carrier contracts. 

Within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue may continue to increase if tourism 

continues to move toward a return to pre-pandemic levels.  However, within our International Telecom segment, we 
expect that Carrier Services revenue from our international long-distance business in Guyana may decrease as consumers 
seek to use alternative technology services to place long-distance calls.  Further, such revenue may decline as the result 
of the implementation, by the Government of Guyana, of passed legislation which terminates our right to be the 
exclusive provider of domestic Fixed and international long-distance service in Guyana.  While the loss of our exclusive 
rights in Guyana may cause an immediate reduction in our Carrier Services revenue, the complete impact of the new 
legislation to our operations will not be fully known until the Government of Guyana makes the terms and conditions of 
licenses issued to two of our competitors available to us. Over the longer term, such declines in Carrier Services revenue 
may be offset by increased Fixed revenue from broadband services to consumers and enterprises in Guyana, increased 
Mobility revenue from an increase in regulated local calling rates in Guyana or possible economic growth within that 
country. 

Within our US Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue may decrease as a result of the impact of continued 

reduced contractual wholesale roaming rates and imposed revenue caps with our Carrier customers.  

Other Communications Services Revenue.  Other Communications Services revenue includes miscellaneous 

services that the operations within our International Telecom segment provide to retail subscribers. Other 
Communications Services revenue increased to $1.5 million from $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 
and 2021, respectively. 

Construction Revenue 

Construction revenue represents revenue generated within our US Telecom segment for the construction of 

network cell sites related to the FirstNet Agreement.  During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, Construction 
revenue decreased to $15.8 million from $35.9 million, respectively, as a result of a decrease in the number of sites 
completed during 2022 as compared to 2021.  As of December 31, 2022, 75% of the cell sites related to the FirstNet 
Agreement were completed and we expect to substantially complete the build by the end of 2023. 

51 

 
 
Other Revenue 

Renewable Energy Revenue.  As a result of the Vibrant Transaction, we did not generate any renewable 
energy revenue during the year ended December 31, 2022 and generated $0.4 million of renewable energy revenue 
during the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Managed Services Revenue.  Managed Services revenue is generated within both our International and US 
Telecom segments and includes network, application, infrastructure, and hosting services.  Managed Services revenue 
increased by $1.0 million, or 6.0%, to $17.8 million from $16.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 
2021, respectively. 

International Telecom.   Managed Services revenue in our International Telecom segment decreased 
$0.2 million to $4.9 million, or 3.9%, from $5.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

US Telecom.  Within our US Telecom segment, Managed Services revenue increased $1.2 million, or 10.3%, to 

$12.8 million from $11.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily related to a 
full year of our Alaska operations, which were acquired on July 22, 2021, being included in our 2022 results. 

We expect that Managed Services revenue may increase in both our US and International Telecom segments as 
a result of our continued effort to sell certain Managed Services solutions to both our consumer and business customers 
in all of our markets. 

Operating expenses 

Cost of communication services and other.  Cost of communication services and other are charges that we 

incur for voice and data transport circuits (in particular, the circuits between our Mobility sites and our switches), 
internet capacity, video programming costs, access fees we pay to terminate our calls, telecommunication spectrum fees 
and direct costs associated within our managed services businesses. These costs also include expenses associated with 
developing, operating, upgrading and supporting our telecommunications networks, including the salaries and benefits 
paid to employees directly involved in the development and operation of those businesses, as well as credit loss 
allowances and the cost of handsets and customer resale equipment incurred by our retail businesses. 

Cost of communication services and other increased by $63.6 million, or 25.5%, to $312.9 million from 

$249.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  The net increase in cost of 
communication services and other, within our segments, consisted of the following: 

• 

International Telecom.  Within our International Telecom segment, cost of communication services and 
other increased by $3.3 million, or 2.4%, to $140.1 million from $136.8 million, for the years ended 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  This increase was the result of a $6.8 million increase in 
equipment expenses, primarily the cost of handsets, as a result of improved retail and marketing strategies 
which led to an increase in subscribers and handset sales, partially offset by a reduction in regulatory costs 
in certain markets. 

•  US Telecom.  Cost of communication services and other within our US Telecom segment increased by 

$60.6 million, or 53.8%, to $173.3 million from $112.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 
2021, respectively. Of this increase, $60.2 million was a result of a full year of our Alaska operations, 
which were acquired on July 22, 2021, being included in our 2022 results, a $2.3 million increase in data 
transport and other costs primarily in connection with the fully constructed cell sites as part of the FirstNet 
Transaction and an $0.8 million increase within our wholesale long-distance voice services business to 
support its increased revenues.  These increases were partially offset by a $2.3 million decrease in our 
private network business which terminated its operations in early 2022. 

52 

 
We expect that cost of communication services and other may increase within our International Telecom 

segment due to an expected increase in roaming costs if tourism continues to return to pre-pandemic levels.  Within the 
US Telecom segment, these expenses are expected to increase in connection with our expected increase in fixed revenue, 
an increase in the expenses associated with our funding award under the CARES Act and anticipated expenses in 
connection with our performance related to the construction phase of our FirstNet Transaction which is expected to be 
completed in 2023.  In addition, we expect cost of services may increase as a result of continued inflationary pressure, 
issues facing the global supply chain and geopolitical uncertainty. 

Cost of construction revenue. Cost of construction revenue includes the expenses incurred in connection with 
the construction of and the delivery to AT&T of cell sites in accordance with our FirstNet Agreement.  During the year 
ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, cost of construction revenue decreased to $15.8 million from $36.1 million as a 
result of a decrease in the number of sites completed during 2022 as compared to 2021.  As of December 31, 2022, 75% 
of the cell sites related to the FirstNet Agreement and we expect to substantially complete the build by the end of 2023. 

Selling, general and administrative expenses.  Selling, general and administrative expenses include salaries 

and benefits we pay to sales personnel, customer service expenses and the costs associated with the development and 
implementation of our promotional and marketing campaigns. Selling, general and administrative expenses also include 
salaries, benefits and related costs for general corporate functions including executive management, finance and 
administration, legal and regulatory, facilities, information technology and human resources as well as internal costs 
associated with our performance of due-diligence and integration related costs associated with acquisition activities. 

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $43.5 million, or 23.1%, to $231.8 million from 

$188.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  The net increase in selling, general and 
administrative expenses, within our segments, consisted of the following: 

• 

International Telecom.  Within our International Telecom segment, our selling, general and administrative 
expenses increased by $8.3 million, or 8.7%, to $104.2 million from $95.9 million for the years ended 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  This increase was incurred within all of our international 
markets primarily as a result of an increase in our sales and marketing capabilities to support the expansion 
of our subscriber base. 

•  US Telecom. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by 

$33.3 million, or 53.0%, to $96.1 million from $62.8 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 
2021, respectively.  Of this increase, $39.2 million was the result of a full year of our Alaska operations, 
which were acquired on July 22, 2021, being included in our 2022 results and an increase in such costs in 
connection with the First Net Transaction partially offset by an $8.8 million reduction of costs within our 
private network business which terminated its operations in early 2022.   

•  Renewable Energy.  During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, our Renewable Energy segment 
incurred $0.1 million and $0.6 million of selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively, as a 
result of the Vibrant Transaction. 

•  Corporate Overhead.  Selling, general and administrative expenses within our corporate overhead 

increased by $2.4 million, or 8.3%, to $31.4 million from $29.0 million, for the years ended December 31, 
2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily related to an increase in professional fees and integration costs 
associated with the completion of the Alaska Transaction. 

We expect that selling, general and administrative expenses may increase in our international telecom segment 
to support our expanded operations. Within the US Telecom segment, we expect an increase in these costs as a result of 
expected costs associated with the impact of the construction phase of the FirstNet Transaction, the Sacred Wind 
Transaction, our commitments under the Cares Act funding and other network expansions in Alaska and the southwest 
US.  Our Corporate Overhead segment may also experience an increase in these expenses to support our expanding 

53 

 
 
operations.  In addition, we expect our selling, general, and administrative expenses may increase as a result of 
continued inflationary pressure, issues facing the global supply chain and geopolitical uncertainty. 

Transaction-related charges.  Transaction-related charges include the external costs, such as legal, tax, 
accounting and consulting fees directly associated with acquisition and disposition-related activities, which are expensed 
as incurred. Transaction-related charges also include certain internal personnel costs incurred as a result of the 
completion of an acquisition or disposition. Transaction-related charges do not include employee salary and travel-
related expenses, incurred in connection with acquisitions or dispositions or any integration-related costs. 

We incurred $4.8 million and $10.2 million of transaction-related charges during the years ended December 31, 

2022 and 2021, respectively.   

Depreciation and amortization expenses.  Depreciation and amortization expenses represent the depreciation 

and amortization charges we record on our property and equipment. 

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $32.4 million, or 31.5%, to $135.1 million from 

$102.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  The net increase in depreciation and 
amortization expenses, within our segments, consisted primarily of the following: 

• 

International Telecom. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our International Telecom 
segment by $2.7 million, or 5.0%, to $56.6 million from $53.9 million, for the years ended December 31, 
2022 and 2021, respectively.  Increases were incurred in all of our international markets as a result of 
recent capital expenditures used to expand and upgrade our network operations.  

•  US Telecom. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by 

$31.4 million, or 72.0%, to $75.0 million from $43.6 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 
2021, respectively, primarily as a result of a full year of our Alaska operations, which were acquired on 
July 22, 2021, being included in our 2022 results, the Sacred Wind Transaction, which was completed in 
November 2022, and the depreciation expense recorded on recent capital expenditures. 

•  Renewable Energy. Our Renewable Energy segment did not record any depreciation and amortization 

expense during the year ended December 31, 2022 as a result of the Vibrant Transaction.  This segment 
incurred $0.2 million of depreciation and amortization expenses during the year ended December 31, 2021.   

•  Corporate Overhead.  Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased within our corporate overhead by 
$1.6 million, or 31.4%, to $3.5 million from $5.1 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 
2021, respectively, primarily as a result of certain assets becoming fully depreciated in recent periods. 

We expect depreciation and amortization expense to increase within our International Telecom and US Telecom 

segments as we acquire tangible assets to expand or upgrade our telecommunications networks.  

Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions.  Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions include the 

amortization of customer relationships and trade names related to our completed acquisitions.   

Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions increased by $5.2 million to $13.0 million from $7.8 million for 

the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily as a result of the Alaska Transaction which was 
completed on July 22, 2021. 

We expect that amortization of intangibles from acquisitions will decrease as such costs continue to amortize. 

54 

 
 
Goodwill Impairment.  During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a $20.6 million impairment 
charge within out International Telecom segment.  See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report. 

Loss on disposition of long-lived assets.  During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded a loss on the 

disposition of long-lived assets of $4.4 million.  Of this amount, $2.5 million was incurred in our US Telecom segment 
relating to the disposal of certain assets while $1.2 million was incurred in our International Telecom segment as a result 
of the disposal of certain assets. The remaining $0.7 million pertains to the final settlement of the Vibrant Transaction 
within our Renewable Energy segment.  

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a loss on the disposition of long-lived assets of 
$2.8 million, primarily related to the Vibrant Transaction and the disposal of certain telecommunications licenses within 
the US Telecom segment.   

Interest income.  Interest income represents interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and 
short-term investment balances.  Interest income was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 
2022 and 2021, respectively. 

Interest expense.   We incur interest expense on the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, the Alaska Credit and Term 
Facilities (beginning in July 2021 and in conjunction with the completion of the Alaska Transaction), the Viya Debt, the 
One Communications Debt and the Receivables Credit Facility (each as defined below).  Beginning in November 2022, 
and in conjunction with the Sacred Wind Transaction, interest expense includes interest expense on the Sacred Wind 
Term Debt.  In addition, interest expense also includes commitment fees, letter of credit fees and the amortization of 
debt issuance costs. 

Interest expense increased to $20.4 million from $9.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, 

respectively, as additional interest expense was incurred as a result of a full year of our Alaska operations, which were 
acquired on July 22, 2021, and new borrowings under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, the Alaska Credit Facility and 
the Receivables Credit Facility as well as an increase in interest rates. 

We expect that interest expense may increase in future periods as a result of increased interest rates and 

borrowings. 

Other income (expenses).   For the year ended December 31, 2022, other income (expenses) was $4.3 million 
of income primarily related to $5.7 million of gains from our noncontrolling investments partially offset by $0.9 million 
of increased expenses associated with certain employee benefit plans and $0.9 million of losses on foreign currency 
transactions. 

For the year ended December 31, 2021, other income (expenses) was $1.8 million of income primarily related 
to $2.8 million of income related to certain employee benefit plans and other miscellaneous income partially offset by 
$0.9 million relating to losses on foreign currency transactions.   

Income taxes.  Our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was 5.9% and 8.3%, 

respectively.   

Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily impacted by the following items:  

(i) a $4.1 million net increase of unrecognized tax positions, (ii) a $2.1 million net increase for permanently non-
deductible expenses, (iii) a $2.1 million net increase related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets 
and (iv) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in we operate along with the exclusion of losses in 
jurisdictions where valuation allowances have been established for deferred tax assets as required by ASC 
740-270-30-36(a). 

Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily impacted by the following items:  
(i) a $0.9 million provision related to certain transactional charges incurred in connection with acquisitions for which 
there 

55 

 
is no tax benefit, (ii) a $2.5 million net increase of unrecognized tax positions, (iii) a $1.7 million net increase for 
permanently non-deductible expenses, and (iv) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate 
along with the exclusion of losses in jurisdictions where valuation allowances have been established for deferred tax 
assets as required by ASC 740-270-30-36(a), primarily in the US Virgin Islands. 

Our effective tax rate is based upon estimated income before provision for income taxes for the year, 
composition of the income in different countries, and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for potential 
tax consequences, benefits and/or resolutions of tax contingencies. Our consolidated tax rate will continue to be 
impacted by any transactional or one-time items in the future and the mix of income in any given year generated among 
the jurisdictions in which we operate. While we believe we have adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts 
asserted by taxing authorities could materially differ from our accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex 
application of tax law and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits include 
estimates and judgment by management. Accordingly, we could record additional provisions or benefits for US federal, 
state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available. 

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax.  Net income attributable to noncontrolling 

interests, net of tax reflected an allocation of $1.9 million of losses and $1.3 million of income generated by our less than 
wholly owned subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  Changes in net income 
attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax, within our segments, consisted of the following: 

• 

International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, net income attributable to 
noncontrolling interests, net of tax decreased by $0.9 million, or 12.0%, to an allocation of $6.6 million of 
income from an allocation of $7.5 million of income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, 
respectively, primarily as a result of reduced profitability at certain less than wholly owned subsidiaries 
partially offset by an increase in our ownership and profitability in other international markets. 

•  US Telecom. Within our US Telecom segment, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of 
tax increased by $3.1 million, or 56.4%, to an allocation of losses of $8.6 million from an allocation of 
losses of $5.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as a result of the 
Alaska Transaction, which was completed on July 22, 2021, reduced profitability in certain less than 
wholly owned subsidiaries within our US Mobility operations and the impact of the Sacred Wind 
Transaction.  

Net income (loss) attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders.  Net income (loss) attributable to 

ATN International, Inc. stockholders was a loss of $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to a 
loss of $22.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.  

On a per diluted share basis, net income (loss) was a loss of $0.67 per diluted share for the year ended 
December 31, 2022 as compared to a loss of $1.52 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2021.  Such per 
share amounts were negatively impacted by accrued preferred dividends of $4.9 million and $2.0 million. 

Regulatory and Tax Issues 

We are involved in a number of regulatory and tax proceedings. A material and adverse outcome in one or more 

of these proceedings could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and future operations.  For 
discussion of ongoing proceedings, see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Report.  

Liquidity and Capital Resources  

Historically, we have met our operational liquidity needs and have funded our capital expenditures and 
acquisitions through a combination of cash-on-hand, internally generated funds, proceeds from dispositions, borrowings 
under our credit facilities and seller financings. We believe our current cash, cash equivalents, short term investments  

56 

 
and availability under our current credit facilities will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for at least the next twelve 
months for working capital needs and capital expenditures.  

Total liquidity.  As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $59.7 million in cash, cash equivalents, and 

restricted cash. Of this amount, $19.4 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries and is indefinitely invested outside the 
United States. In addition, we had approximately $421.9 million of debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs, as 
of December 31, 2022. How and when we deploy our balance sheet capacity will figure prominently in our longer-term 
growth prospects and stockholder returns. 

Uses of Cash  

Acquisitions and investments.  We have historically funded our acquisitions with a combination of cash-on-

hand, borrowings under our credit facilities as well as equity investor and seller financings.  

Sacred Wind Transaction.  On November 7, 2022, we assumed $31.6 million of debt in connection with the 

Sacred Wind Transaction.  See Acquisition of Sacred Wind Enterprises. 

Alaska Transaction. On July 22, 2021, Alaska Communications entered into a new debt financing in connection 

with the Alaska Transaction.  See Acquisition of Alaska Communications System Group, Inc. 

We continue to explore opportunities to expand our telecommunications business or acquire new businesses in 
the United States, the Caribbean and elsewhere. Such acquisitions may require external financing. While there can be no 
assurance as to whether, when or on what terms we will be able to acquire any such businesses or make such 
investments, such acquisitions may be completed through the issuance of shares of our capital stock, payment of cash or 
incurrence of additional debt. From time to time, we may raise capital ahead of any definitive use of proceeds to allow us 
to move more quickly and opportunistically if an attractive investment materializes. 

Cash used in investing activities.  Cash used in investing activities was $167.2 million and $426.6 million for 

the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  The net decrease in cash used for investing activities of 
$259.4 million was primarily the result of a decrease in the amount of cash used for acquisitions from $339.5 million 
used in 2021 for the Alaska Transaction to $18.0 million used in 2022 for the Sacred Wind Transaction. Other decreases 
included a $4.3 million reduction in cash used for the purchase of strategic investments. Partially offsetting these 
decreases in the usage of cash, was an increase in capital expenditures of $61.9 million. 

Cash provided by financing activities. Cash provided by financing activities decreased by $278.3 million to 
$43.4 million from $321.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  This decrease was 
primarily related to the reduction in borrowings, net of repayments under our credit facilities of $232.0 million and were 
primarily related to the Alaska and FirstNet Transactions. In addition, during 2021, $71.5 million of cash was provided 
by a minority shareholder in connection with the Alaska Transaction.  These reductions in cash provided by financing 
activities were partially offset by the reductions in cash used for the repurchase of our common stock and the purchase of 
non-controlling interests (relating to our Bermuda operations) of $9.6 million and $8.4 million, respectively. 

Working Capital.  Historically, we have internally funded our working capital needs.  Pursuant to the FirstNet 

Agreement, AT&T has the option to repay construction costs, with interest, over an eight-year period.  To fund the 
working capital needs created by AT&T’s option to extend its payment terms, we completed the Receivables Credit 
Facility, as discussed below, on March 26, 2020. 

Capital expenditures.  Historically, a significant use of our cash has been for capital expenditures to expand and 

upgrade our telecommunications networks and business support systems. 

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we spent approximately $168.0 million and $106.1 million, 

respectively, on capital expenditures relating to our telecommunications networks and business support systems of which  

57 

$7.9 million and $9.7 million, respectively, are reimbursable under various government programs. The following notes 
our capital expenditures, by operating segment, for these periods (in thousands): 

Year ended December 31,  
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   

$

International 
Telecom  

US 
Telecom 

      Corporate and  

Other (1) 

Consolidated 

70,385
49,985

$

96,589
53,235

$

 1,045  
 2,922  

$ 

168,019
106,142

Capital Expenditures 

(1)  Corporate and other items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments. 

We are continuing to invest in our telecommunication networks along with our operating and business support 

systems in many of our markets.  For the year ended December 31, 2023, such investments are expected to total 
approximately $160 million to $170 million, net of reimbursable amounts, and will primarily relate to network 
expansion and upgrades which are expected to further drive subscriber and revenue growth in future periods. 

See Liquidity and Capital Resources- Material Cash Obligations and Sources below for a discussion of our 

future cash commitments related to the RDOF program. 

Income taxes.  We have historically used cash-on-hand to make payments for income taxes. Our policy is to 

allocate capital where we believe we will get the best returns and to date has been to indefinitely reinvest the 
undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. As we continue to reinvest our remaining foreign earnings, no 
additional provision for income taxes has been made on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. 

Dividends.   For the year ended December 31, 2022, our Board of Directors declared $11.3 million of dividends 

to our stockholders which includes a $0.21 per share dividend declared on December 19, 2022 and paid on January 6, 
2023. The $0.21 per share dividend declared on December 19, 2022 represents an increase from the $0.17 per share 
dividend declared in previous quarters.  We have declared quarterly dividends since the fourth quarter of 1998. 

Stock Repurchase Plan.  On September 19, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 
$50.0 million of our common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the 
“2016 Repurchase Plan”).  We repurchased $0.9 million and $10.5 million of our common stock under the 2016 
Repurchase Plan during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  As of December 31, 2022, we had 
$19.5 million authorized and available for share repurchases under the 2016 Repurchase Plan. 

Sources of Cash 

Cash provided by operations.  Cash provided by operating activities was $102.9 million for the year ended 

December 31, 2022 as compared to $80.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.  The increase of $22.4 million 
was primarily related to an increase in net income of $13.2 million (which includes an increase in depreciation and 
amortization expenses of $37.6 million).  Partially offsetting this increase was additional cash used for operating assets 
and liabilities of $8.4 million.   

CoBank Credit Facility   

On April 10, 2019, we entered into a credit facility, with CoBank, ACB and a syndicate of other lenders (as 

amended, the “2019 CoBank Credit Facility”).  The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility provides for a $200 million revolving 
credit facility that includes (i) up to $75 million for standby or trade letters of credit and (ii) up to $10 million under a 
swingline sub-facility.  Approximately $26.0 million of performance letters of credit have been issued and remain 
outstanding and undrawn as of December 31, 2022.  The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility matures on April 10, 2024. 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
    
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts borrowed under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either 
(i) the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.25% to 2.25% or (ii) a 
base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.25%.  Swingline loans bear interest at the base rate plus the 
applicable margin for base rate loans. The base rate is equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the higher of (x) LIBOR for 
an interest period of one month and (y) LIBOR for an interest period of one week; (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate 
(as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the Prime Rate (as defined in the 2019 
CoBank Credit Facility). The applicable margin is determined based on the Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 
2019 CoBank Credit Facility). Under the terms of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, we must also pay a commitment fee 
ranging from 0.150% to 0.375% of the average daily unused portion of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility over each 
calendar quarter.   

On November 7, 2022, we further amended the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility to allow for the incurrence of 

certain indebtedness related to payment guarantees in connection with its Replace and Remove project.  

On December 28, 2022, we further amended the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, effective November 7, 2022, to 
allow for certain transactions contemplated with our recently completed acquisition of Sacred Wind Enterprises, Inc.    

 The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including a 
financial covenant that imposes a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA as well as covenants limiting additional 
indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and 
leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes.  Our investments in “unrestricted” subsidiaries and 
certain dividend payments to our stockholders are not limited unless the Total Net Leverage Ratio is equal to or greater 
than 1.75 to 1.0.  The Total Net Leverage Ratio is measured each fiscal quarter and is required to be less than or equal to 
2.75 to 1.0.  In the event of a Qualifying Acquisition (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility), the Total Net 
Leverage Ratio increases to 3.25 to 1.0 for the subsequent three fiscal quarters.   

The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility also provides for the incurrence by us of incremental term loan facilities, 

when combined with increases to revolving loan commitments, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $200 million (the 
“Accordion”).  Amounts borrowed under the Accordion are also subject to proforma compliance with a net leverage 
ratio financial covenant. 

As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenants of the 2019 CoBank 

Credit Facility, had $99.0 million outstanding in borrowings and, net of the $26.0 million of outstanding performance 
letters of credit, had $75.0 million of availability under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility.  As of December 31, 2022, 
there were no outstanding interest rate hedge agreements associated with the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility. 

Letter of Credit Facility 

On November 14, 2022, we entered into General Agreement of Indemnity to issue performance Standby Letters 

of Credit on behalf of us and our subsidiaries.  As of December 31, 2022, no Standby Letters of Credit had been issued 
under this agreement. 

Alaska Credit Facility 

On July 22, 2021, Alaska Communications entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Alaska Credit Facility”) with 

Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and a syndicate of lenders to provide a $35.0 million 
revolving facility (the “Alaska Revolving Facility”) and a $210.0 million initial term loan facility (the “Alaska Term 
Loan”). 

On December 23, 2022, Alaska Communications entered into a First Amendment Agreement (the “ACS 

Amendment’). The ACS Amendment amends the Alaska Credit Facility to increase its Revolving Credit Commitment 
from $35.0 million to $75.0 million and Term Loan Commitment from $210 million to $230 million. As a part of the

59 

transaction, the Term Loan commitment was fully funded as the outstanding Revolving Credit Commitment balance was 
transferred. As a result, $75.0 million is available under the Revolving Credit Commitment as of December 31, 2022.  
Principal payments on the Term Loan commence in the fourth quarter of 2023. 

In addition to the above changes, the amendment replaced the calculation of interest from an applicable margin 

applied to LIBOR with the same applicable margin applied to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a 
10-basis point adjustment. 

As of December 31, 2022, $230.0 million was outstanding under the Alaska Term Loan and there were no 

outstanding borrowings under the Alaska Revolving Facility. Both facilities mature on July 22, 2026.   

We capitalized $7.3 million of fees associated with the Alaska Credit Facility which are being amortized over 

the life of the debt and $5.4 million were unamortized as of December 31, 2022.   

The Alaska Credit Facility also provides for incremental facilities up to an aggregate principal amount of the 
greater of $70.0 million and Alaska Communications’ trailing twelve-month Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the 
Alaska Credit Facility). 

The key terms and conditions of the Alaska Credit Facility include the following: 

•  Amounts outstanding bear an interest rate of LIBOR, or a LIBOR replacement rate as applicable, plus a 

margin ranging from 3.00% to 4.00% based on Alaska Communications’ Consolidated Total Net Leverage 
Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or an alternate base rate may be selected at a margin that is 1% 
lower than the counterpart LIBOR margin; 

•  Principal repayments are due quarterly commencing in the fourth quarter of 2023 in quarterly amounts as 
follows: from the fourth quarter of 2023 through the third quarter of 2024, $1.4 million; and from the 
fourth quarter of 2024 through the third quarter of 2026, $2.9 million. The remaining unpaid balance is due 
on the final maturity date; 

•  Alaska Communications is required to maintain financial ratios as defined in the Alaska Credit Facility, 
including (a) a maximum Consolidated Net Total Leverage Ratio of 4.00 to 1, stepping down to 3.75 to 
1 beginning with the second quarter of 2024; and (b) a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage 
Ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1; and 

•  The Alaska Credit Facility is non-recourse to us and is secured by substantially all of the personal property 

and certain material real property owned by Alaska Communications. 

Alaska Communication’s interest rate swap, which had been designated as a cash flow hedge with an interest 

rate of 1.6735%, expired on June 30, 2022.  As of December 31, 2022, there are no outstanding interest rate hedge 
agreements associated with the Alaska Credit Facility.    

Alaska Term Facility 

On June 15, 2022, Alaska Communications Systems Holdings, the parent company of Alaska Communications, 

entered a secured lending arrangement with Bristol Bay Industrial, LLC. (the “Alaska Term Facility”). 

The Alaska Term Facility provides for a secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up 
to $7.5 million and the proceeds may be used to pay certain invoices from a contractor for work performed in connection 
with a fiber build. Interest on the Alaska Term Facility accrues at a fixed rate of 4.0% and is payable commencing on 

60 

December 31, 2022. Scheduled quarterly payments of principal commence on March 31, 2023. The Alaska Term 
Facility matures on June 30, 2024. 

The Alaska Term Facility contains events of default customary for facilities of this type. 

As of December 31, 2022, we had $7.5 million outstanding and no available borrowings under the Alaska Term 

Facility. 

FirstNet Receivables Credit Facility 

On March 26, 2020, Commnet Finance, a wholly owned subsidiary of Commnet Wireless, entered into a 

receivables credit facility with us, Commnet Wireless, and CoBank, ACB (the “Receivables Credit Facility”).  

The Receivables Credit Facility provides for a senior secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal 

amount of up to $75.0 million and the proceeds may be used to acquire certain receivables from Commnet 
Wireless.  The receivables to be financed and sold under the Receivables Credit Facility, which provide the loan 
security, relate to the obligations of AT&T under the FirstNet Agreement.  

On December 23, 2022, CoBank amended the Receivables Credit Facility and extended the delayed draw 

period to December 31, 2023. 

The maturity date for each loan will be set by CoBank and will match the weighted average maturity of the 

certain receivables financed.  

Interest on the loans accrues at a fixed annual interest rate to be quoted by CoBank.     

The Receivables Credit Facility contains customary events of termination, representations and warranties, 

affirmative and negative covenants and events of default customary for facilities of this type. 

As of December 31, 2022, we had $46.2 million outstanding, of which $6.2 million was current, and 
$22.3 million of availability under the Receivables Credit Facility.  We capitalized $0.8 million in fees associated with 
the Receivables Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $0.6 million were unamortized as 
of December 31, 2022.   

Sacred Wind Term Debt 

In connection with the Sacred Wind acquisition completed on November 7, 2022, we assumed $31.6 million of 

term debt (the “Sacred Wind Term Debt”) with the United States of America acting through the Administrator of the 
Rural Utilities Service (“RUS”). The loan agreements are dated as of October 23, 2006 and March 17, 2016. RUS 
provides financial assistance in the form of loans under the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 to furnish or improve 
telecommunications and/or broadband services in rural areas. 

The Sacred Wind Term Debt is secured by substantially all assets and an underlying mortgage to the United 

States of America. These mortgage notes are to be repaid in equal monthly installments covering principal and interest 
beginning after date of issue and expiring by 2035. 

The Sacred Wind Term Debt contains certain restrictions on the declaration or payment of dividends, 

redemption of capital stock or investment in affiliated companies without the consent by the RUS noteholders. The 
agreements also contain a financial covenant which Sacred Wind Enterprises was not in compliance with as of 
December 31, 2021. Sacred Wind Enterprises submitted a corrective action plan to comply with the financial covenant 

61 

 
 
as of December 31, 2025. On May 5, 2022, Sacred Wind Enterprise’s corrective action plan was accepted by the RUS. 
As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with the plan. 

As of December 31, 2022, $31.4 million was outstanding under the Sacred Wind Term Debt.  Of that amount, 

$3.2 million was current and $28.2 million was long term. 

Viya Debt 

We, and certain of our subsidiaries, have entered into a $60.0 million loan agreement (the “Viya Debt”) with 

Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (“RTFC”).  The Viya Debt agreement contains customary representations, 
warranties and affirmative and negative covenants (including limitations on additional debt, guaranties, sale of assets and 
liens) and a financial covenant that limits the maximum ratio of indebtedness to annual operating cash flow to 3.5 to 
1.0 (the “Net Leverage Ratio”).   This covenant is tested on an annual basis at the end of each fiscal year.  Interest is paid 
quarterly at a fixed rate of 4.0% per annum and principal repayment is not required until maturity on July 1, 
2026.  Prepayment of the Viya Debt may be subject to a fee under certain circumstances.  The debt is secured by certain 
assets of our Viya subsidiaries and is guaranteed by us.   

We paid a fee of $0.9 million in 2016 to lock the interest rate at 4% per annum over the term of the Viya 

Debt.  The fee was recorded as a reduction to the Viya Debt carrying amount and is being amortized over the life of the 
loan.  

As of December 31, 2022, $60.0 million of the Viya Debt remained outstanding and $0.3 million of the rate 

lock fee was unamortized. 

On May 5, 2022, RTFC agreed to amend the Net Leverage Ratio to 7.0 to 1.0 through the maturity date of 

July 1, 2026.  We were in compliance with the Net Leverage Ratio as of December 31, 2022.  

One Communications Debt 

We had an outstanding loan from HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited (the “One Communications Debt”) which 

matured and was repaid in full on December 22, 2022. This loan bore interest at the one-month LIBOR plus a margin 
ranging between 2.5% to 2.75% per annum paid quarterly. 

Factors Affecting Sources of Liquidity  

Internally generated funds. The key factors affecting our internally generated funds are demand for our 

services, competition, regulatory developments, economic conditions in the markets where we operate our businesses 
and industry trends within the telecommunications industry.   

Restrictions under Credit Facility.  Our 2019 CoBank Credit Facility contains customary representations, 

warranties and covenants, including covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and 
consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and 
fundamental changes.  

In addition, the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility contains a financial covenant that imposes a maximum ratio of 
indebtedness to EBITDA. As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenants of the 
2019 CoBank Credit Facility.  

Capital markets.  Our ability to raise funds in the capital markets depends on, among other things, general 
economic conditions, the conditions of the telecommunications industry, our financial performance, the state of the 

62 

 
 
capital markets and our compliance with SEC requirements for the offering of securities. We may file a new “universal” 
shelf registration statement with the SEC, to register potential future offerings of our securities. 

Foreign Currency  

We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional currencies, 

primarily the Guyana Dollar, to US Dollars at the appropriate rates as of the balance sheet date. Changes in the carrying 
value of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in rates are recognized in foreign currency translation 
adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on our balance sheet. Income statement accounts 
are translated using the monthly average exchange rates during the year. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a 
currency that is different from a reporting entity’s functional currency must first be remeasured from the applicable 
currency to the legal entity’s functional currency. The effect of this remeasurement process is reported in other income 
within our income statement.  During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we recorded $0.9 million in losses 
on foreign currency transactions.  We will continue to assess the impact of our exposure to the Guyana Dollar. 

Inflation 

Several of our markets have experienced an increase in operating costs, some of which we believe, is 

attributable to inflation. If inflation continues or worsens, it could negatively impact our Company by increasing our 
operating expenses. Inflation may lead to cost increases in multiple areas across our business, for example, rises in the 
prices of raw materials and manufactured goods, increased energy rates, as well as increased wage pressures and other 
expenses related to our employees. In particular, where we have agreed to undertake infrastructure build outs on a fixed 
budget for our carrier customers or by accepting government grants, inflation may result in build costs that exceed our 
original budget given the long delays experienced in procuring equipment and materials due to global supply chain 
delays. To the extent that we are unable to pass on these costs through increased prices, revised budget estimates, or 
offset them in other ways, they may impact our financial condition and cash flows.  

Material Cash Obligations and Sources 

Capital Expenditures.  We are continuing to invest in our telecommunication networks along with our operating 

and business support systems in many of our markets.  Such investments include the upgrade and expansion of both our 
mobility and fixed telecommunications networks as well as our service delivery platforms. For 2023, we expect capital 
expenditures to be approximately $160 million to $170 million (net of reimbursable amounts), and will primarily relate 
to network expansion and upgrades which are expected to further drive subscriber and revenue growth in future periods. 
We expect to fund our 2023 capital expenditures primarily from our current cash balances, cash generated from 
operations and our existing credit facilities including the Receivables Credit Facility. 

Long-term Debt.  To service our previously described debt facilities, we will be required to make future 
minimum principal repayments (not including interest, commitment fees or letter of credit fees) of $12.4 million in 2023 
and then $121.9 million, $21.6 million, $280.3 million, $10.9 million during 2024 through 2027, respectively, and then 
$27.0 million in subsequent years. 

Lease Commitments. We have operating and financing leases for towers, land, corporate offices, retail facilities, 

and data transport capacity. In order to comply with our lease agreements, we will be required to pay $20.8 million in 
2023 and then $19.2 million, $15.8 million, $11.0 million and $8.6 million during 2024 through 2027, respectively, and 
then $79.1 million in subsequent years.  

FirstNet Agreement.  In connection with the FirstNet Agreement, we are building a portion of AT&T’s network 

for the First Responder Network Authority (“FirstNet”) in or near our current operating area in the Western United 
States.  We expect to incur construction costs of approximately $22 million during 2023 in order to complete the 
network build portion of that agreement.  Following acceptance of the cell sites, AT&T will own the sites and we will 
assign to AT&T any third-party tower lease applicable to such cell site.  If the cell site is located on a communications 

63 

 
 
tower we own, AT&T will pay us pursuant to a separate lease agreement for an initial term of eight years. In addition to 
building the network, we will provide ongoing equipment and site maintenance and high-capacity transport to and from 
these cell sites for an initial term ending in 2029.  

Connect America Fund II (CAF II).  We are a recipient under the Connect America Fund Phase II program 

which will offer subsidies to us in order to expand our broadband coverage in designated areas.  In connection with this 
program, we are expecting to spend $12.5 million in capital expenditures during the year ended December 31, 2023 
(which is included in our capital expenditure estimates for the US Telecom segment above) and then an additional 
$11.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025 in order to meet our build-out obligations under this 
program.  We are not expecting any commitments under the CAFII program after 2025. 

Rural Digital Opportunity Fund Phase I Auction (RDOF).  We participated in the RDOF auction and expect to 
receive funding to provide broadband and voice coverage to over 10,000 households in the United States (not including 
Alaska) under this program.  We do not anticipate any spending under the RDOF program during the year ended 
December 31, 2023, but anticipate spending approximately $2.0 million in capital expenditures during the year ended 
December 31, 2024 under this program. 

Citizens Broadband Radio Service Auction (CBRS).  We participated in CBRS auction for Priority Access 

Licenses (PALs) in the 3.5 GHz spectrum band. These PALs are licensed on a county-by-county basis and are awarded 
for a 10-year renewable term. In connection with the awarded licenses, we will have to achieve certain CBRS spectrum 
build out obligations. We currently expect to comply with all applicable requirements related to these licenses but cannot 
currently estimate the cost of building our network in the covered areas.  If we do not comply with such requirements in 
a certain area within that 10-year timeframe, our PAL for that area will be forfeited. 

Construction grants. We have also been awarded construction grants to build network connectivity for eligible 

communities. The funding of these grants, used to reimburse us for our construction costs, is distributed upon 
completion of a project. As of December 31, 2022, $80.2 million of such construction obligations remain with 
completion deadlines beginning in July 2023 (which is included in our capital expenditure estimates for the US Telecom 
segment above). Once these projects are constructed, we are obligated to provide service to the participants. 

Software licensing, maintenance and other business support systems.  We have committed to agreements with 

vendors to provide us with software licensing and maintenance services as well as other business support systems. These 
agreements expire primarily during the year ended December 31, 2023 and will require us to pay approximately $7.1 
million, $2.4 million and $1.8 million, $0.7 million and $0.7 million during the next five years and then $15.9 million 
thereafter. 

Circuits and other transport costs.  We expect to pay $28.7 million, $26.9 million, $33.2 million, $15.1 million 

and $15.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027, respectively, for circuit and 
other telecommunication transport costs. Thereafter, we are obligated to pay an additional $11.6 million for such 
services 

Sources of Cash.  In addition to future internally generated funds, as of December 31, 2022, we have 
$75.0 million, $22.3 million and $75.0 million available to us under the CoBank Credit Facility, the Receivables Credit 
Facility and the Alaska Revolving Facility, respectively, and may be able to raise funds in the capital markets by filing a 
“universal” shelf registration statement with the SEC. 

64 

Critical Accounting Estimates  

We have based our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations on our 

Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally 
accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). We base our estimates on our operating experience and on various 
conditions existing in the market and we believe them to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our estimates form the 
basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other 
sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. 

We have identified the critical accounting estimates that we believe require significant judgment in the 

preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements. We consider these accounting estimates to be critical because 
changes in the assumptions or estimates we have selected have the potential of materially impacting our financial 
statements. 

Revenue Recognition. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to recognize for a particular 
transaction, we apply the criteria established by the authoritative guidance for revenue recognition and defer those items 
that do not meet the recognition criteria. As a result of the cutoff times of our billing cycles, we are often required to 
estimate the amount of revenues earned but not billed from the end of each billing cycle to the end of each reporting 
period. These estimates are based primarily on rate plans in effect and historical evidence with each customer or carrier. 
Adjustments affecting revenue can and occasionally do occur in periods subsequent to the period when the services were 
provided, billed and recorded as revenue, however, historically, these adjustments have not been material. 

We apply our judgment when assessing the ultimate realization of receivables, including assessing the 
probability of collection and the current credit- worthiness of customers. We establish an allowance for credit losses on 
trade receivables sufficient to cover probable and reasonably estimable losses. Our estimate of the allowance for credit 
losses on trade receivables considers collection experience, aging of the accounts receivable, the credit quality of the 
customer and, where necessary, other macro-economic factors. 

Goodwill and Long-Lived Intangible Assets. In accordance with the authoritative guidance regarding the 
accounting for impairments or disposals of long-lived assets and the authoritative guidance for the accounting for 
goodwill and other intangible assets, we evaluate the carrying value of our long-lived assets, including property and 
equipment, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be 
recoverable. An impairment loss exists when estimated undiscounted cash flows attributable to non-current assets 
subject to depreciation and amortization and discounted cash flows for intangible assets not subject to amortization are 
less than their carrying amount. For long lived assets other than goodwill, if an asset is deemed to be impaired, the 
amount of the impairment loss recognized represents the excess of the asset’s carrying value as compared to its 
estimated fair value, based on management’s assumptions and projections.  

Our estimates of the future cash flows attributable to our long-lived assets and the fair value of our businesses 

involve significant uncertainty. Those estimates are based on management’s assumptions of future results, growth trends 
and industry conditions. If those estimates are not met, we could have additional impairment charges in the future, and 
the amounts may be material. 

We also assess the carrying value of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets on an annual basis or more 

frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. The 
carrying value of each reporting unit, including goodwill assigned to that reporting unit, is compared to its fair value. If 
the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, an impairment 
charge is recorded equal to the excess, but not more than the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.  

We assess the recoverability of the value of our telecommunications licenses using either a market or income 

approach. We believe that our telecommunications licenses generally have an indefinite life based on historical ability to 
renew such licenses, that such renewals may be obtained indefinitely and at little cost, and that the related technology 
used is not expected to be replaced in the foreseeable future. If the value of these assets was impaired by some factor,

65 

such as an adverse change in the subsidiary’s operating market, we may be required to record an impairment charge. We 
test the impairment of our telecommunications licenses annually or more frequently if events or changes in 
circumstances indicate that such assets might be impaired. The impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value 
of telecommunications licenses with their carrying amount on a license by license basis. 

We performed our annual impairment assessment of our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets 

(telecommunications licenses) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. See Note 7 for a discussion of our 
impairment of a portion of our goodwill within our International Telecom segment during the year ended December 31, 
2021. No impairment was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2022. 

Contingencies. We are subject to proceedings, lawsuits, tax audits and other claims related to lawsuits and other 

legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business as further described in Note 13 to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. We are required to assess the likelihood of any adverse 
judgments or outcomes to these matters as well as the potential ranges of probable losses. A determination of the amount 
of loss accruals required, if any, for these contingencies is made after careful analysis of each individual issue. We 
consult with legal counsel and other experts where necessary in connection with our assessment of any contingency. The 
required accrual for any such contingency may change materially in the future due to new developments or changes in 
each matter.  We believe that some adverse outcome is probable and have accordingly accrued $14.7 million as of 
December 31, 2022 for these matters. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. 

ITEM 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 

Translation and Remeasurement.  We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their 
respective functional currencies, primarily the Guyana Dollar, to US Dollars at the appropriate rates as of the balance 
sheet date. Changes in the carrying value of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in rates are recognized 
in foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on our balance 
sheet. Income statement accounts are translated using the monthly average exchange rates during the year.    

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from a reporting entity’s functional 
currency must first be remeasured from the applicable currency to the legal entity’s functional currency. The effect of 
this remeasurement process is reported in other income on our income statement.  

Employee Benefit Plans. We sponsor pension and other postretirement benefit plans for employees of certain 

subsidiaries.  Net periodic pension expense is recognized in our income statement. We recognize a pension or other 
postretirement plan’s funded status as either an asset or liability in our consolidated balance sheet.  Actuarial gains and 
losses are reported as a component of other comprehensive income and amortized through other income in subsequent 
periods. 

Interest Rate Sensitivity. As of December 31, 2022, we had $329.0 million of variable rate debt outstanding, 

which is subject to fluctuations in interest rates.  Our interest expense may be affected by changes in interest rates.  We 
believe that a 100-basis-point change in the interest rates on our variable rate debt would result in a $3.3 million change 
in our annual interest expense.  We may have additional exposure to fluctuations in interest rates if we again borrow 
amounts under our revolver loans within our credit facilities. 

66 

 
 
ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 

The response to this item is submitted as a separate section to this Report. See “Item 15. Exhibits, Financial 

Statement Schedules.” 

ITEM 9.  CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE 

None. 

ITEM 9A.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated 

the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2022. Disclosure controls and 
procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 
“Exchange Act”), mean controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required 
to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, 
summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) rules 
and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure 
that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is 
accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial 
officers, or persons performing similar functions as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. 
Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only 
reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the 
cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and 
procedures as of December 31, 2022, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such 
date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level. 

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial 

reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the 
Exchange Act, as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial 
Officer or persons performing similar functions, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other 
personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial 
statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies 
and procedures that: 

•  Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions 

and dispositions of our assets; 

•  Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial 

statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and 
expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and 

•  Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or 

disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 

2022. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013).  Our 
assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of 

67 

Sacred Wind Enterprises because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination during 2022 and 
included in our 2022 consolidated financial statements.  Sacred Wind Enterprises, whose assets and revenues were 
excluded from our assessment of internal control over financial reporting, represent approximately 6% of total assets and 
less than 1% of total revenues of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended 
December 31, 2022.  Based on its assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, our internal 
control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.  

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 has been audited by 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears 
on page F-2 

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. 

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 
15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 that have materially 
affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

ITEM 9B.  OTHER INFORMATION  

None. 

ITEM 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections 

Not applicable. 

PART III 

ITEM 10.  DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 

Information regarding our executive officers is contained in Part I of this Form 10-K under the caption 

“Information About Our Executive Officers”. 

The following table sets forth information regarding our directors as of March 15, 2023: 

Name 
Michael T. Prior  . . . . . . . .     
Bernard Bulkin  . . . . . . . . .    
James S. Eisenstein . . . . . .    
Richard J. Ganong . . . . . . .    
April V. Henry  . . . . . . . . .    
Pamela F. Lenehan . . . . . .    
Liane J. Pelletier . . . . . . . .    

      Age     

Position 

 58 Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
 81 Director
 64 Director
 59 Director
 53 Director
 70 Director
 65 Director

Employee Director 

Michael T. Prior is the chairman of the Board of Directors and has been our President and Chief Executive 

Officer since December 2005 and an officer of the Company since June 2003. He was elected to the Board in May 2008. 
Previous to joining the Company, Mr. Prior was a partner with Q Advisors LLC, a Denver based investment banking and 
financial advisory firm focused on the technology and telecommunications sectors.  Mr. Prior began his career as a 
corporate attorney with Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP in London and New York.  He received a B.A. degree 
from Vassar College and a J.D. degree summa cum laude from Brooklyn Law School.  Mr. Prior currently serves on the 
Board of Directors of the Competitive Carriers Association.  In 2008, Mr. Prior was named Entrepreneur of the Year for 
the New England Region by Ernst & Young LLP and One of America’s Best CEOs by DeMarche Associates, Inc. 

68 

 
 
 
 
Non-Employee Directors 

Dr. Bernard Bulkin was elected in March 2016 as a director of ATN International, Inc. (the “Company”) and 

is a member of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and a member of our Audit Committee. 
Dr. Bulkin brings particular expertise in the field of renewable energy and is a shareholder director of the Company’s 
renewable energy business, Aragorn Holding Company 2 pte., operating under the “Vibrant” name in India. He held 
several senior management roles throughout his approximately twenty-year career at British Petroleum, including 
Director of the refining business, Vice President Environmental Affairs, and Chief Scientist, and left BP in 2003. He is 
currently a Director of K3Solar Ltd., VH-Global Sustainable Energy Opportunities Plc (LDN:GSEO) (Chairman), QLM 
Technology Ltd (Chairman) and ARQ Ltd. Dr. Bulkin has served on the boards of Severn Trent plc, Ludgate 
Investments Limited, HMN Colmworth Ltd., Chemrec AB and REAC Fuel AB, each a Swedish biofuel technology 
developer, and Ze-gen Corporation, a renewable energy company, and chaired the boards of two UK public companies: 
AEA Technology plc (from 2005 until 2009), and Pursuit Dynamics Plc (from 2011 until 2013). Dr. Bulkin served as 
Chair of the UK Office of Renewable Energy from 2010 until 2013, was a member of the FTSE Environmental Markets 
Advisory Committee (2010-2017) and has held several other UK government roles in sustainable energy and transport. 
He earned a B.S. in Chemistry from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and a Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from 
Purdue University. Dr. Bulkin is Emeritus Professorial Fellow at the University of Cambridge and is the author of Crash 
Course (2015) and Solving Chemistry (2019).  He was awarded the Honour of Officer of the Order of the British Empire 
(OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours List. 

James S. Eisenstein has been a director of ours since October 2019 and is a member of our Compensation 

Committee and our Audit Committee. He is currently Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Grupo TorreSur, a Latin 
American focused wireless tower company. Prior to co-founding Grupo TorreSur, Mr. Eisenstein was Chairman and 
Chief Executive Officer of Optasite Holding Company, Inc. from 2003 to 2008; Chief Executive Officer of Concourse 
Communications Group LLC in 2003 and Chief Operating Officer and, later, Chief Development Officer of American 
Tower Corporation, which he co-founded, from 1995 to 2003. Before co-founding American Tower, Mr. Eisenstein was 
a Partner and Chief Operating Officer of Amaturo Group, Ltd., the owner and operator of radio stations, from 1990 to 
1995; was Deputy General Counsel of Home Shopping Network from 1988 to 1990; and an associate at Skadden, Arps, 
Slate, Meagher and Flom from 1986 to 1988 and at Vinson & Elkins from 1984 to 1986. He currently serves as a 
director of InterPrivate IV InfraTech Partners Inc. (NASDAQ: IPVIU), as a director of Desktop Metal, Inc. (NYSE: 
DM),was Chairman of the Board of Directors of Eaton Towers, Ltd. until the end of 2019, at which time the Company 
was sold, and was a member of the Board of Directors of CTI Towers, Inc. until the end of 2020, at which time that 
Company was sold.  He also served as a director of Nexamp, Inc. from 2011-2016. Mr. Eisenstein is a graduate of 
Georgetown University and holds an M.B.A. from The Wharton School and a J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania 
Law School. 

Richard J. Ganong has been a director of ours since June 2018 and is the Chair of our Compensation 
Committee and a member of our Nominating and Corporate Governance and Investment Committees.  Mr. Ganong has 
more than 25 years of experience in the financial services industry with a focus on venture capital and hedge fund 
investing. He was a Partner at the Tudor Investment Corporation from 1993 - 2009, an internationally recognized 
diversified investment management firm, and was a founding General Partner of the Tudor Venture Group which 
managed a series of funds providing growth capital to private companies in various information technology industries. 
Mr. Ganong was the Senior Vice President of Development and Alumni Relations at Bowdoin College from 2014 - 2016 
and most recently founded Five Pine Partners, an investment and advisory boutique. Mr. Ganong also is an emeritus 
member of the Board of Overseers at the Tuck School at Dartmouth. He is currently a member of the Board of Directors 
for the Maine Technology Institute, the Gulf of Maine Research Institute, and the Gasparilla Island Improvement and 
Conservation Association. Mr. Ganong holds a Bachelor of Arts from Bowdoin College and an MBA. from the Tuck 
School at Dartmouth. 

April V. Henry has been a director of ours since March 2022. Ms. Henry is the founder and managing partner 

of Hawkeye Digital, a firm that is focused on driving revenue growth, core decision-making and business and human 
capital transformation for companies at critical points in their growth cycle. In addition, she is currently Executive Vice 
President of Corporate Development for Science Inc. and Science Strategic Acquisition Corp. Alpha (Nasdaq: SSAA). 

69 

Prior to her current roles, Ms. Henry was a corporate and business development executive at NBC Universal, Yahoo and 
News Corporation. Ms. Henry is on the Advisory Board of Evalla Advisors and a special advisor to S4 Capital. 

Pamela F. Lenehan has been a director of ours since June 2020 and is the Chair of our Audit 

Committee.  Ms. Lenehan spent more than 20 years in financial services. In June 2002, Ms. Lenehan founded Ridge Hill 
Consulting, LLC and has served as President since that time. Previously, she served as Chief Financial Officer of 
Convergent Networks, a high technology start-up and was Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and Treasurer 
of Oak Industries, a NYSE-listed manufacturer of telecommunications components. She also previously served as a 
Managing Director in Investment Banking for 14 years at Credit Suisse First Boston and started her career in corporate 
banking at Chase Manhattan Bank. Ms. Lenehan is also currently a director and chair of the audit committee of Rithm 
Capital, a director of the Center for Women & Enterprise, the National Association of Corporate Directors New England 
Chapter, and is co-chair of the Boston Chapter of Women Corporate Directors. Ms. Lenehan previously served on the 
boards of Monotype Imaging, Civitas Solutions, American Superconductor, Spartech Corporation and Avid Technology. 
Ms. Lenehan has a B.A. in Mathematical Economics, Cum Laude and with Honors, and a M.A. in Economics from 
Brown University. Ms. Lenehan holds a NACD Directorship Certification from the National Association of Corporate 
Directors. 

Liane J. Pelletier has been a director of ours since June 2012, is the Independent Lead Director of our Board of 

Directors and a member of our Compensation Committee. Ms. Pelletier has over twenty-five years of experience in the 
telecommunications industry. From October 2003 through April 2011, she served as the Chief Executive Officer and 
Chairman of Alaska Communications Systems, and prior to that time served as the former Senior Vice President of 
Corporate Strategy and Business Development for Sprint Corporation. Ms. Pelletier earned her M.S. in Management at 
the Sloan School of Business at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a B.A. in Economics, magna cum laude, 
from Wellesley College. Ms. Pelletier currently serves as Chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance 
Committee and as a member of the Audit Committee of the Board of Expeditors International; is a board member and 
committee member of both the Audit and Compensation Committees of Frontdoor, Inc.; and is a board member and 
committee member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of Switch Inc. Ms. Pelletier is a NACD 
Board Leadership Fellow and has earned the CERT Certificate in Cybersecurity Oversight from the Software 
Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon. 

Additional information required by this Item 10 will be set forth in our Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 

Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2023 Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated herein by reference.  

 Information regarding our Code of Ethics applicable to our principal executive officer, our principal financial 
officer, our controller and other senior financial officers appears in Item 1 of this Report under the caption “Business—
Available Information.” 

ITEM 11.  EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 

Information required by this Item 11 will be set forth in our 2023 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by 

reference. 

ITEM 12.  SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 

Information required by this Item 12 will be set forth in our 2023 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by 

reference. 

ITEM 13.  CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR 
INDEPENDENCE 

Information required by this Item 13 will be set forth in our 2023 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by 

reference. 

70 

ITEM 14.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 

Information required by this Item 14 will be set forth in our 2023 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by 

reference. 

ITEM 15.  EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES  

(a) 

The following documents are filed as part of this Report: 

PART IV 

(1)  Financial Statements.  See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements, which appears on page F-1 hereof. 

The financial statements listed in the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements are filed 
herewith in response to this Item 15. 

(2)  Schedule II.  Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022 

which appears on page F-59 hereof. 

(3)  Exhibits.  The exhibits listed below are filed herewith in response to this Item 15. 

EXHIBIT INDEX 
to Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2022 

2.1      Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 31, 2020, by and among Alaska    Communications 

Systems Group, Inc., Project 8 Buyer, LLC and Project 8 Mergersub, Inc. (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on January 4, 
2021). 

3.1  Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ATN International, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 
to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-62416) filed on June 6, 2001). 
3.2  Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ATN International, Inc., as filed 
with the Delaware Secretary of State on August 14, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the 
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12593) for the quarterly period ended June 30, 
2006 filed on August 14, 2006). 

3.4

3.3  Certificate of Amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed June 10, 2016 
and effective June 21, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on June 27, 2016).  
Amended and Restated By-Laws, effective as of March 8, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 
to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on March 14, 2023). 
4.1  Description of ATN International, Inc. securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10 K (File No. 001 
12593) for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed on March 2, 2020).

10.1ⱡ  ATN International, Inc. 2008 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (incorporated by reference 
to Appendix C of the Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A (File No. 001-12593) filed on May 2, 
2011). 

10.2ⱡ  Form of Notice of Grant of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Agreement under 2008 Equity 

Incentive Plan (Non-Employee Directors) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s 
Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on May 21, 2008). 

10.3ⱡ  Form of Notice of Grant of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Agreement under 2008 Equity 

Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K 
(File No. 001- 12593) filed on May 21, 2008). 

10.4ⱡ  Form of Notice of Grant of Incentive Stock Option and Option Agreement under 2008 Equity Incentive 

Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File 
No. 001- 12593) filed on May 21, 2008). 

71 

 
 
 
 
10.5ⱡ  Form of Notice of Grant of Nonqualified Stock Option and Option Agreement under 2008 Equity 

Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K 
(File No. 001- 12593) filed on May 21, 2008). 

10.6ⱡ  Deferred Compensation Plan for Select Employees of ATN International, Inc. (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on January 6, 
2009). 

10.7ⱡ  Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by 

reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12593) filed on 
May 9, 2018). 

10.8ⱡ  Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2008 

Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on March 15, 2021). 

10.9ⱡ  Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Grant Notice and Performance Stock Unit Agreement 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File 
No. 001-12593) filed on March 15, 2021). 

10.10ⱡ  Form of Severance Agreement with Non-CEO Executive Officers (incorporated by reference to 

Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on March 19, 
2019). 

10.11ⱡ*  Form of Severance Agreement with Non-CEO Executive Officers. 
10.12ⱡ*  Form of Severance Agreement with Chief Executive Officer. 
10.13 

Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of December 19, 2014 by and among the 
Company, as Borrower, CoBank, ACB, as Administrative Agent, Lead Arranger, Swingline Lender, an 
Issuing Lender and a Lender, Fifth Third Bank, as a Joint Lead Arranger, MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as a 
Joint Lead Arranger and an Issuing Lender, the Guarantors named therein and the other Lenders named 
therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File 
No. 001-12593) filed on December 23, 2014).  

10.14  Amendment, Consent and Confirmation Agreement, dated January 11, 2016, by and among ATN 

10.15 

10.16 

International, Inc., as Borrower, CoBank, ACB, as Administrative Agent, and the Guarantors and other 
Lenders named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on January 15, 2016). 
Third Amendment and Confirmation Agreement dated as of April 10, 2019 by and among the Company, 
as Borrower, CoBank, ACB, as Administrative Agent, the Guarantors named therein and the other 
Lenders named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on April 16, 2019). 
Fourth Amendment, Consent and Confirmation Agreement, dated November 7, 2022, among ATN 
International, Inc., each of the Guarantors named therein, CoBank, ACB, and each of the Lenders named 
therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File 
No. 001 12593) filed on November 9, 2022). 

10.17  Amendment Agreement, dated as of December 28, 2022 , among, ATN International, Inc., as Borrower, 
CoBank, ACB, as Administrative Agent, and the Lenders and Guarantors party thereto (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on  
December 30, 2022). 

10.18  Credit Agreement, dated as of March 26, 2020, among Commnet Finance, LLC, as Borrower, Commnet 

Wireless, LLC, as Originator and Servicer, ATN International, Inc., as Limited Guarantor, CoBank, 
ACB, as Administrative Agent, Lead Arranger, and Sole Bookrunner, and the Lenders party thereto 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File 
No. 001-12593) filed on April 1, 2020). 

10.19  Consent, Release and Confirmation Agreement, entered into as of March 26, 2020, among ATN 
International, Inc., as Borrower, each of the subsidiaries of ATN International, Inc., identified as 
guarantors on the signature pages thereto, CoBank, ACB, as Administrative Agent, and each of the 
financial institutions identified as a Lender on the signature pages thereto (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on April 1, 2020).

72 

10.20  Amendment and Confirmation Agreement, effective as of December 22, 2022 , among Commnet 

Finance, LLC, as Borrower, Commnet Wireless, LLC, as Originator and Servicer, ATN International, 
Inc., as Limited Guarantor, CoBank, ACB, as Administrative Agent, Lead Arranger, and Sole 
Bookrunner, and the Lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the       
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on  December 30, 2022).

10.21  Agreement between the Government of the Co-Operative Republic of Guyana and Atlantic Tele- 

Network, Inc., dated June 18, 1990 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12593) for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2006 filed on 
May 15, 2006). 

10.22  Amendment to the Agreement between the Government of the Co-Operative Republic of Guyana and 

10.23 

10.24 

10.25 

10.26 

10.27 

ATN International, Inc., dated November 2, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the 
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12593) for the year ended December 31, 2012 
filed on March 18, 2013). 
Loan Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2016, by and among ATN VI Holdings, LLC, Caribbean Asset 
Holdings LLC, and Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to 
the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12593) for the quarterly period ended 
June 30, 2016 filed on August 9, 2016).
Limited Waiver of Net Leverage Ratio dated as of February 27, 2018, between ATN VI Holdings, LLC 
and the Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the 
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on February 28, 2018). 
Limited Waiver of Net Leverage Ratio dated as of February 25, 2019, between ATN VI Holdings, LLC 
and the Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the 
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on February 28, 2019)
Limited Waiver of Net Leverage Ratio dated as of February 26, 2020, between ATN VI Holdings, LLC 
and the Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the 
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12593) for the year ended December 31, 2019 
filed on March 2, 2020). 
Limited Waiver of Net Leverage Ratio dated as of February 25, 2021, between ATN VI Holdings, LLC 
and the Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the 
Company’s Annual  Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001 12593) filed on March 1, 2021). 

10.28  Consent and Waiver between Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative, Caribbean Asset Holdings, LLC and 

DTR Holdings, LLC, dated May 7, 2018. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12593) filed on May 9, 2018). 

10.29  Consent and Waiver between Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative, Caribbean Asset Holdings, LLC and 
DTR Holdings, LLC, dated August 3, 2018. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12593) filed on August 8, 2018). 

10.30  Amendment to Loan Agreement dated May 5, 2022 between ATN VI Holdings, LLC and Rural 

Telephone Finance Cooperative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q (file No. 001-12593) for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022 filed on 
May 10, 2022). 

10.31#  Network Build and Maintenance Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2019, by and between Commnet 

Wireless, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of ATN International, Inc., and AT&T Mobility LLC 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File 
No. 001-12593) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019 filed on November 8, 2019). 
10.32#  First Amendment to Network Build and Maintenance Agreement dated as of 6th day of August, 2020 and 

effective as of the 1st day of July, 2020 by and between Commnet Wireless, LLC and AT&T Mobility 
LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File 
No. 001-12593) filed on November 4, 2020). 

10.33#  Second Amendment to Network Build and Maintenance Agreement dated as of the 4th day of May, 2021 

and effective as of the 1st day of January, 2021 by and between Commnet Wireless, LLC and AT&T 
Mobility LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12593) filed on May 10, 2021). 

73 

10.34#  Third Amendment to Network Build and Maintenance Agreement dated as of the 4th day of August, 

2022 and effective as of the 1st day of January, 2022 by and between Commnet Wireless, LLC and 
AT&T Mobility LLC , incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
Form 10-Q (file No. 001-12593) for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022 filed on August 8, 2022.  

10.35#  Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of ALSK Holdings, dated as of July 21, 

2021 by and among ALSK Holdings, the Company, F3C IV, certain affiliates of F3C IV, and certain 
other institutional investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on July 22, 2021).

10.36  Credit Agreement, dated as of July 22, 2021, by and among the Borrower, Parent and certain of the     

10.37 

Parent’s direct and indirect subsidiaries, as guarantors, Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as 
Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on July 22, 2021). 
First Amendment Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2022 , among Alaska Communications Systems 
Group, Inc., Alaska Management, Inc., the other Guarantors identified on the signature pages thereto, the 
Lenders party thereto, and Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, an L/C 
Issuer and Swing Line Lender and Bank of the West, as an L/C Issuer (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12593) filed on  December 30, 
2022). 

21 *  Subsidiaries of ATN International, Inc.

23.1*  Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm—PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. 
31.1**  Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a- 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 

1934, as adopted pursuant to Rule 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 

31.2**  Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a- 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 

1934, as adopted pursuant to Rule 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 

32.1**  Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 USC. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to 

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 

32.2**  Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 USC. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to 

101.INS 

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 
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101.SCH**  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 
101.CAL**  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 
101.DEF**  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 
101.LAB**  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 
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104  Cover Page Interactive Data file (formatted as Inline XBRL and embedded within Exhibit 101). 

ⱡ  Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. 

*  Filed herewith. 

**  The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 and Exhibit 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Report and will 

not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the 
extent that the company specifically incorporates it by reference. 

# Portions of this exhibit (indicated by asterisks) have been omitted in accordance with the rules of the Securities and 
Exchange Commission. 

ITEM 16.  FORM 10-K SUMMARY 

None 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant 

has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Beverly, 
Massachusetts on the 15th day of March, 2023. 

SIGNATURES  

  ATN International, Inc. 

     By:

/s/ MICHAEL T. PRIOR 

Michael T. Prior 
Chairman, President and Chief 
Executive Officer 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 this report has been signed below by the 

following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on the 15th day of March, 2023. 

Signature 
/s/ MICHAEL T. PRIOR 
Michael T. Prior 

  Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer 

(Principal Executive Officer) 

Title 

/s/ JUSTIN D. BENINCASA 
Justin D. Benincasa 

  Chief Financial Officer  

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 

/s/ BERNARD J. BULKIN 
Bernard J. Bulkin 

/s/ JAMES S. EISENSTEIN 
  James S. Eisenstein 

/s/ RICHARD J. GANONG 
Richard J. Ganong 

/s/ APRIL V. HENRY 
April V. Henry 

/s/ PAMELA F. LENEHAN 
Pamela F. Lenehan 

/s/ LIANE J. PELLETIER 
Liane J. Pelletier 

  Director 

  Director 

  Director 

  Director 

  Director 

  Director 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(This page has been left blank intentionally.)

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE 
December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

INDEX 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (PCAOB ID: 238) . . . . . .
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Consolidated Balance Sheets—December 31, 2022 and 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Income Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021  

and 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020  . . . . .
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE 

Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021  

F-2

F-5
F-6

F-7
F-8
F-9
F-10

and 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F-67

F-1 

 
 
 
  
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm  

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of ATN International, Inc. 

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ATN International, Inc. and its subsidiaries 

(the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of income, of 
comprehensive income, of equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, 
including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 
15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's 
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - 
Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 
(COSO). 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the 
financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows 
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022 in conformity with accounting principles generally 
accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, 
effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal 
Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. 

Basis for Opinions 

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining 

effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over 
financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 
9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's 
internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public 
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the 
Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities 
and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan 

and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of 
material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was 
maintained in all material respects. 

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of 
material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures 
that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and 
disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used 
and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated 
financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of 
internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the 
design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing 
such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable 
basis for our opinions. 

As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management has excluded 
Sacred Wind Enterprises, Inc. from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, 
because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination during 2022. We have also excluded 
Sacred Wind Enterprises, Inc. from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. Sacred Wind Enterprises, Inc.  
is a subsidiary whose total assets and total revenues excluded from management’s assessment and our audit of internal 
control over financial reporting represent 6% and less than 1%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial 
statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.  

F-2 

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance 

regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting 
includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately 
and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that 
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance 
with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding 
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a 
material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect 
misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls 
may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or 
procedures may deteriorate. 

Critical Audit Matters 

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the 
consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and 
that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our 
especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in 
any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the 
critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to 
which it relates. 

Goodwill impairment assessment for a certain reporting unit in the US Telecom segment 

As described in Notes 2 and 7 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill 

balance was $40.1 million as of December 31, 2022. The goodwill balance associated with the US Telecom segment was 
$35.3 million, and a majority of the US Telecom segment’s goodwill is associated with a certain reporting unit. 
Management assesses goodwill for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter or more frequently when events 
or circumstances occur indicating that the fair value of a reporting unit may be below its carrying value. If the carrying 
value of the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit an impairment charge is 
recorded equal to the excess, but not more than the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. For its 
annual impairment analysis, as of October 1, 2022, the Company performed a quantitative analysis for the goodwill held 
in its US Telecom segment, and the quantitative analysis indicated that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its 
carrying value. Management determined the fair value of the reporting unit using the income approach. The income 
approach is based on a discounted cash flow model. The discounted cash flow model requires the exercise of significant 
judgment, including judgments and assumptions about appropriate discount rates and revenue growth. 

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the goodwill 

impairment assessment for a certain reporting unit in the US Telecom segment is a critical audit matter are (i) the 
significant judgment by management when developing the fair value estimate of the reporting unit; (ii) a high degree of 
auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant 
assumptions related to revenue growth and the discount rate; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals 
with specialized skill and knowledge. 

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with 
forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness 
of controls relating to management’s goodwill impairment assessment, including controls over the valuation for a certain 
reporting unit in the US Telecom segment. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing management’s 
process for developing the fair value estimate of the reporting unit; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted 

F-3 

cash flow model; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the discounted cash flow model; 
and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumptions used by management related to revenue growth and the 
discount rate. Evaluating the reasonableness of management’s significant assumptions related to revenue growth 
involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past 
performance of the reporting unit; (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data; and (iii) whether these 
assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and 
knowledge were used to assist in evaluating (i) the appropriateness of the Company’s discounted cash flow model and 
(ii) the reasonableness of the discount rate assumption.  

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP  
Boston, Massachusetts 
March 15, 2023 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002. 

F-4 

 
   
 
 
ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 

December 31, 2022 and 2021 

(In Thousands, Except Share Data) 

  December 31,   December 31, 

2022 

2021 

$

$

$

Current Assets: 

ASSETS 

Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    $ 
Restricted cash  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Short-term investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for credit losses of $15.2 million and $13.9 million, respectively . . . . . .   
Customer receivable  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Inventory, materials and supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Prepayments and other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total current assets  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   

 54,660 
 5,068 
 300 
 86,816 
 5,803 
 17,902 
 59,139 
 229,688 

Fixed Assets: 

Property, plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Less accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Net fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Telecommunication licenses, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Intangible assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Operating lease right-of-use assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Customer receivable - long term  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Other assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   

Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    $ 

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY 

   1,977,978 
 (922,024)
   1,055,954 
 113,698 
 40,104 
 31,992 
 108,702 
 46,706 
 81,025 
 1,707,869 

Current Liabilities: 

Current portion of long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    $ 
Current portion of customer receivable credit facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Dividends payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Accrued taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Current portion of lease liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Advance payments and deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Lease liabilities, excluding current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Customer receivable credit facility, net of current portion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Long-term debt, excluding current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   

Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests: 

Preferred redeemable noncontrolling interests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Common redeemable noncontrolling interests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total redeemable noncontrolling interests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   

ATN International, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity: 

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding . . . . . . .   
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized;  17,584,057 and 17,476,542 shares 

 6,173 
 6,073 
 155,224 
 3,310 
 7,335 
 15,457 
 39,608 
 233,180 
 28,650 
 83,319 
 138,420 
 39,275 
 415,727 
 938,571 

 55,152 
 37,317 
 92,469 

 — 

79,601
1,096
300
73,701
4,145
10,177
63,597
232,617

1,748,092
(804,883)
943,209
113,766
40,104
44,294
118,843
39,652
76,119
1,608,604

4,665
4,620
151,463
2,672
5,681
16,201
35,642
220,944
21,460
91,719
142,033
30,148
327,111
833,415

50,296
22,640
72,936

—

issued, respectively,  15,763,341  and 15,712,941 shares outstanding, respectively. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Treasury stock, at cost;  1,820,716 and 1,763,601 shares, respectively. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Additional paid-in capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Retained earnings  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Accumulated other comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total ATN International, Inc. stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Noncontrolling interests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total equity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    $ 

 173 
 (73,825)
 198,449 
 449,806 
 6,210 
 580,813 
 96,016 
 676,829 
 1,707,869 

$

172
(71,714)
192,132
475,887
4,773
601,250
101,003
702,253
1,608,604

F-5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS 

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data) 

2022 

December 31,  
2021 

2020 

REVENUE: 

Communication services  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 692,221    $   549,620
 35,889
 17,198
 602,707

15,762   
17,762   
725,745   

$ 433,509
10,913
11,022
455,444

OPERATING EXPENSES (excluding depreciation and amortization unless otherwise indicated): 

Cost of communication services and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of construction revenue  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selling, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transaction-related charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goodwill impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loss on disposition of long-lived assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income (loss) from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) 

Interest income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income tax (benefit) expense   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NET LOSS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax expense (benefit) of $(0.8) 
million, $(0.4) million, and $1.1 million respectively  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS . . . . . . . . .
NET LOSS PER WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN 
INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS: 

Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING: 

Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIVIDENDS PER SHARE APPLICABLE TO COMMON STOCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

312,895   
15,763   
231,805   
4,798   
135,137   
13,016   
 —   
4,389   
717,803   
7,942   

 174   
(20,417) 
4,245   
(15,998) 
(8,056) 
 (473) 
(7,583) 

 249,322
 36,055
 188,283
 10,221
 102,731
 7,775
 20,587
 2,759
 617,733
 (15,026)

132
 (9,614)
 1,821
 (7,661)
 (22,687)
 (1,878)
 (20,809)

1,938   
(5,645)  $ 

 (1,299)
 (22,108)

 (0.67)  $ 
 (0.67)  $ 

 (1.52)
 (1.52)

15,751   
15,751   

 0.72    $ 

 15,867
 15,867
 0.68

$

$
$

$

$

$
$

$

185,113
10,616
139,011
1,641
86,504
1,807
—
21,572
446,264
9,180

421
(5,347)
(4,161)
(9,087)
93
801
(708)

(13,414)
(14,122)

(0.89)
(0.89)

15,923
15,923
0.68

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

F-6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
     
    
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 

(in thousands) 

Year Ended December 31, 
2021 

2020 

2022 

Net loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other comprehensive income (loss): 

Foreign currency translation adjustment net of tax expense of $(0.2) million,  
$0.4 million, and $0 respectively  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Projected pension and postretirement benefit obligations, net of tax expense of 
$(0.2) million, $(0.1) million and $0.1 million, respectively  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reclassification of loss on pension settlement, net of $(0.8) million of tax. . . . . . .
Reclassification of foreign currency (gains) losses on assets sold and held  
for sale, net of tax expense of $0.2 million, $0 and $0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other comprehensive income, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comprehensive income (loss)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . .
Comprehensive loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ (7,583)   $ (20,809) $

(708)

(1,385)  

 (689)

37

2,428  
915  

 5,014
 —

(2,412)
—

(500)  
 (21)  
1,437  
(6,146)  
1,938  

 —
6,036
 170
(101)
 4,495
3,560
   (16,314)
2,852
(13,414)
    (1,299)
$ (4,208)   $ (17,613) $ (10,562)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

F-7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
 
   
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
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T

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

(In Thousands) 

Cash flows from operating activities: 

Net income   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:
Depreciation   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of acquisition intangibles  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provision for doubtful accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loss on disposition of long-lived assets  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock-based compensation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Gain) loss on equity investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loss on pension settlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goodwill impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unrealized gain on foreign currency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions and dispositions:

Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customer receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepaid income taxes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued taxes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials and supplies, prepayments, and other current assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, advance payments and deposits and other current liabilities . . . . .
Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net cash provided by operating activities   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cash flows from investing activities: 

Capital expenditures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government capital programs 

Amounts disbursed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amounts received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchases of strategic investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sale of businesses, net of transferred cash of $0 and $0.9 million, respectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquisition of business net of cash acquired of $9.4 million and $11.9 million, respectively . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Spectrum deposit refund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proceeds from strategic investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchase of spectrum; including deposits  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchase of short-term investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proceeds from sale of assets  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net cash used in investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cash flows from financing activities: 

Dividends paid on common stock  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distributions to noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Payment of debt issuance costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance lease payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Term loan - repayments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Term loan - borrowings  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Revolving credit facility – borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Revolving credit facility – repayments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proceeds from mezzanine equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proceeds from customer receivable credit facility  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repayment of customer receivable credit facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchases of common stock – stock- based compensation   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchases of common stock – share repurchase plan  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proceeds from exercise of stock options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investments made by minority shareholders in consolidated affiliates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repurchases of noncontrolling interests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contingent consideration paid for business acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplemental cash flow information: 

Interest paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxes paid  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dividends declared, not paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Noncash investing activity: 

Purchases of property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . .

Year Ended December 31, 

2022

2021 

2020

$

(7,583) 

$ 

 (20,809) $

(708)

135,137  
13,016  
6,693  
2,014  
4,387  
7,406  
(7,452) 
(5,656) 
1,725  
 —  
 —  

(10,385) 
(8,713) 
6,206  
2,981  
(15,525) 
(125) 
(9,979) 
(11,235) 
102,912  

 102,731
 7,775
 4,850
 1,275
 2,759
 6,581
 (6,612)
 86
 —
 20,587
 (81)

 (4,900)
 (32,955)
 84
 (3,953)
 (5,297)
 11,681
 (226)
 (3,028)
 80,548

86,504
1,807
5,010
530
21,572
5,912
(7,317)
3,427
—
—
357

(17,774)
—
2,218
799
(18,624)
12,597
(8,790)
(1,236)
86,284

(160,114) 

 (96,442)

(60,358)

(7,905)
2,853 
(2,750) 
1,835  
(18,044) 
1,136  
15,745  
(1,068) 
 —  
1,067  
(167,245) 

(10,708) 
(3,531) 
(873) 
(1,069) 
(5,222) 
20,000  
115,250  
(72,250) 
 —  
15,425  
(4,960) 
(1,169) 
(942) 
 —  
 22  
(4,891) 
(1,718) 
43,364  
 —  
(20,969) 
80,697  
59,728  

19,924  
3,241  
3,310  

27,811  

$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 

$ 

 (9,700)
 7,517
 (6,399)
 18,597
 (340,152)
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (426,579)

 (10,813)
 (7,468)
 (6,568)
 —
 (8,758)
 210,000
 97,000
 (33,500)
 71,533
 37,321
 (1,828)
 (1,713)
 (10,546)
 383
 —
 (13,312)
 —
 321,731
 —
 (24,300)
 104,997
 80,697

 8,231
 3,969
 2,672

 22,093

$

$
$
$

$

(14,965)
16,316
(2,768)
—
—
—
11,969
(20,396)
(116)
120
(70,198)

(10,891)
(10,368)
(1,096)
—
(13,751)
—
—
—
—
—
—
(1,733)
(6,589)
—
—
(28,939)
—
(73,367)
(80)
(57,361)
162,358
104,997

4,829
6,117
2,703

21,746

$

$
$
$

$

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

F-9 

 
 
 
   
     
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS 

The Company provides digital infrastructure and communications services in the United States and 
internationally, including in the Caribbean region, with a focus on smaller markets, many of which are rural or remote, 
with a growing demand for infrastructure investments, Through its operating subsidiaries, it  primarily provides: 
(i) carrier and enterprise communications services, such as terrestrial and submarine fiber optic transport, and 
communications tower facilities; and (ii) fixed and mobile telecommunications connectivity to residential, business and 
government customers, including a range of high-speed internet and data services, fixed and mobile wireless solutions, 
and video and voice services. 

At the holding company level, the Company oversees the allocation of capital within and among its subsidiaries, 

affiliates, new investments, and stockholders. The Company has developed significant operational expertise and 
resources that it uses to augment the capabilities of its individual operating subsidiaries in its local markets. The 
Company has built a platform of resources and expertise to support its operating subsidiaries and to improve their quality 
of service with greater economies of scale and expertise than would typically be available at the operating subsidiary 
level. The Company provides management, technical, financial, regulatory, and marketing services to its operating 
subsidiaries and typically receive a management fee calculated as a percentage of their revenues, which is eliminated in 
consolidation. The Company also actively evaluates potential acquisitions, investment opportunities and other strategic 
transactions, both domestic and international, and generally look for those that it believes fit the Company’s profile of 
telecommunications businesses and have the potential to complement its “glass and steel” and “first to fiber” approach in 
markets while generating steady excess cash flows over extended periods of time. The Company uses the cash generated 
from its operations to re-invest in organic growth in its existing businesses, to make strategic investments in additional 
businesses, and to return cash to its investors through dividends or stock repurchases. 

As of December 31, 2022, the Company offered the following types of services to its customers: 

•  Mobility Telecommunications Services. The Company offers mobile communications services over its 

wireless networks and related equipment (such as handsets) to both its business and consumer customers. 

•  Fixed Telecommunications Services. The Company provides fixed data and voice telecommunications 

services to business and consumer customers. These services include consumer broadband and high speed 
data solutions for businesses. For some markets, fixed services also include video services and revenue 
derived from support under certain government programs. 

•  Carrier Telecommunication Services. The Company delivers services to other telecommunications 

providers such as the leasing of critical network infrastructure, tower and transport facilities, wholesale 
roaming, site maintenance and international long-distance services. 

•  Managed Services. The Company provides information technology services such as network, application, 
infrastructure and hosting services to both its business and consumer customers to complement its fixed 
services in its existing markets. 

Through December 31, 2022, the Company had identified two operating segments to manage and review its 
operations and to facilitate investor presentations of the Company’s results. These operating segments are as follows: 

• 

International Telecom.  In the Company’s international markets, it offers fixed services, services mobility 
services, carrier services and managed services to customers in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Guyana and 
the US Virgin Islands. 

•  US Telecom.  In the United States, the Company offers fixed services, carrier services, and managed 

services to business and consumer customers in Alaska and the western United States. As of December 31, 
2022, the Company discontinued providing private network services to retail customers in the western 
United States. 

F-10 

The following chart summarizes the operating activities of the Company’s principal subsidiaries, the segments 

in which it reports its revenue and the markets it served as of December 31, 2022: 

Segment 

Services 

Markets 

International Telecom . . . . .     Mobility Services 

   Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin 

  Fixed Services 

Carrier Services 

Managed Services 

US Telecom . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  

Mobility Services 

Islands

   Bermuda, Cayman Islands, 
Guyana, US Virgin Islands 
Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin 
Islands
Bermuda, Cayman Islands, US 
Virgin Islands, Guyana

   United States (rural markets) 

Fixed Services 

United States 

Carrier Services 

United States 

Managed Services 

   United States 

Tradenames 
   One, GTT, Viya 

   One, Logic, GTT, 

Viya 
One, GTT, Viya 

Fireminds, One, 
Logic, GTT, Viya

   Choice, Choice 
NTUA Wireless
Alaska 
Communications, 
Commnet, Choice, 
Choice NTUA 
Wireless, Sacred 
Wind 
Communications, 
Ethos 
Alaska 
Communications, 
Commnet, Essextel, 
Sacred Wind 
Communications
Alaska 
Communications, 
Choice

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES    

Basis of Presentation 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its majority-owned subsidiaries and 
certain entities, which are consolidated in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s 
(“FASB”) authoritative guidance on the consolidation of variable interest entities since it is determined that the Company 
is the primary beneficiary of these entities. 

Certain reclassifications have been made to the December 31, 2020 financial statements to conform to the 

December 31, 2021 and 2022 presentation. Such reclassifications include the disaggregation of revenue and costs of 
revenue to separately reflect Construction Revenue and the related Cost of Construction Revenue on the Company’s 
income statement.  On the balance sheet, amounts due to the Company under the FirstNet Agreement have been 
segregated as Customer Receivable (within both the current and long-term asset sections of the balance sheet) and 
Customer Relationships, net are now included with Trade Names, net within Intangible assets, net.  

Use of Estimates 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the 

United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and 

F-11 

  
 
 
 
 
    
   
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported 
amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. The most significant estimates relate to the allowance for 
credit losses on trade receivables, useful lives of the Company’s fixed and finite-lived intangible assets, allocation of 
purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, fair value of indefinite-lived 
intangible assets, goodwill and income taxes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

The Company considers all investments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to 

be cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary investments with banks and other institutions that it 
believes have a high credit quality. At December 31, 2022, the Company had $17.9 million of its cash on deposit with 
noninsured institutions such as corporate money market issuers and cash held in foreign banks. The Company’s cash and 
cash equivalents are not subject to any restrictions (see Note 8). As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company held 
$4.9 million and $5.5 million, respectively, of its cash in Guyana dollars. While there are risks associated with the 
conversion of Guyana dollars to US dollars due to limited liquidity in the Guyana foreign currency markets, to date it has 
not prevented the Company from converting Guyana dollars into US dollars within a given three month period or from 
converting at a price that reasonably approximates the reported exchange rate. 

Restricted Cash 

The Company classifies cash that is legally restricted as to withdrawal or usage as restricted cash.  Restricted 

cash as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 primarily relates to cash that is restricted for regulatory purposes. 

Short Term Investments 

The Company's short-term investments consist of corporate bonds, which have remaining maturities of more 
than three months at the date of purchase, and equity securities classified as available for sale, which are stated at fair 
value.  Unrealized gains and losses are recorded in other income. The estimated fair values of investments are based on 
quoted market prices as of the end of the reporting period.   

Allowance for Credit Losses 

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020. The standard requires that certain financial assets be 

measured at amortized cost reflecting an allowance for estimated credit losses expected to occur over the life of the 
assets. The estimate of credit losses is based on all relevant information including historical information, current 
conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the amounts. The Company adopted 
ASU 2016-13 using the modified retrospective approach, however, there was no impact of adoption on retained earnings. 

ASU 2016-13 impacts the Company’s calculation of credit losses from trade receivables. Historically, the 
Company recorded credit losses subsequent to the initial revenue transaction. After adoption of ASU 2016-13, the 
Company records an estimate of future credit losses in conjunction with the revenue transactions based on information 
available including historical experience, credit worthiness of customers, the Company’s historical experience with 
customers, current market and economic conditions, and management’s expectations of future conditions. That estimate 
is updated as additional information becomes available. Uncollectible amounts are charged against the allowance 
account. The Company’s allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable is based on management’s assessment of the 
collectability of assets pooled together with similar risk characteristics.  

Inventory, Materials and Supplies 

Inventory, materials and supplies primarily include handsets and other equipment held for sale to customers.  

These balances are recorded at the lower of cost, determined on the basis of specific identification, or market, determined 
using replacement value. 

F-12 

Fixed Assets 

The Company’s fixed assets are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method generally 

between 3 and 39 years. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments that extend the useful lives of fixed assets are 
capitalized to fixed assets. Repairs and replacements of minor items of property are charged to period operating expense 
as incurred. The cost of fixed assets in service and under construction includes internal and external costs necessary to 
bring an asset to the condition and location necessary for its intended use.  Grants received for the construction of assets 
are recognized as a reduction of the cost of fixed assets, a subsequent reduction of depreciation expense over the useful 
lives of those assets within the income statement and as an investing cash flow in the statements of cash flows. 

The Company capitalizes certain costs of developing and purchasing new information systems in accordance 

with internal use software guidance.  These costs are depreciated over the useful life of the information system.  The 
Company also incurs implementation costs associated with cloud computing arrangements.  If these implementation 
costs do not meet internal use software capitalization guidance, the implementation costs are recorded as prepaid assets 
and expensed through operating expense over the life of the arrangement.   

The fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation is recorded in the period in which it is incurred if a 
reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. In periods subsequent to initial measurement, period-to-period changes in 
the liability for an asset retirement obligation resulting from the passage of time and revisions to either the timing or the 
amount of the original estimate of undiscounted cash flows are recognized. The increase in the carrying value of the 
associated long-lived asset is depreciated over the corresponding estimated economic life.   Other liabilities within the 
consolidated balance sheets include accruals of $10.3 million and $4.2 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, 
respectively, for estimated costs associated with asset retirement obligations. 

In accordance with the authoritative guidance for accounting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, 

the Company evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, in relation to the 
operating performance and future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying business whenever events or changes in 
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss exists when 
estimated undiscounted cash flows attributable to an asset are less than its carrying amount. If an asset is deemed to be 
impaired, the amount of the impairment loss recognized represents the asset’s carrying value in excess of its estimated 
fair value, based on management’s assumptions and projections. 

Management’s estimate of the future cash flows attributable to its long-lived assets and the fair value of its 

businesses involve significant uncertainty. Those estimates are based on management’s assumptions of future results, 
growth trends and industry conditions. If those estimates are not met, the Company could have additional impairment 
charges in the future, and the amounts may be material. 

The Company did not record any fixed asset impairments for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 or 

2020. 

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets 

Goodwill is recognized in business combinations equal to the amount by which the cost of acquired net assets 
exceeded the fair value of those net assets on the date of acquisition. The Company allocates goodwill to reporting units 
at the time of acquisition and bases that allocation on which reporting units will benefit from the acquired assets and 
liabilities. Reporting units are defined as operating segments or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a 
component. The Company has determined that its reporting units are components of its multiple operating segments. The 
Company assesses goodwill for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter or more frequently when events and 
circumstances occur indicating that the recorded goodwill may be impaired. The assessment begins with a qualitative 
analysis to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying 
amount. If the reporting unit passes this analysis, the impairment assessment is complete and no impairment is recorded.  
If the reporting unit does not pass the analysis, or if a quantitative analysis is elected to be applied, the Company 
performs additional quantitative analysis by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit.  If the fair value exceeds the

F-13 

carrying value, the test is complete and no impairment is recorded.  If the carrying value of the reporting unit, including 
goodwill, exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit an impairment charge is recorded equal to the excess, but not more 
than the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.  

A significant majority of the Company’s telecommunications licenses are not amortized and are carried at their 

historical costs. The Company believes that telecommunications licenses generally have an indefinite life based on the 
historical ability to renew such licenses, that such renewals may be obtained indefinitely and at little cost, and that the 
related technology used is not expected to be replaced in the foreseeable future. The Company has elected to perform its 
annual testing of its telecommunications licenses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more often if events or 
circumstances indicate that there may be impairment. The assessment begins with a qualitative analysis to determine 
whether it is more likely than not that the license fair value exceeds its carrying value. If the reporting unit passes this 
analysis, the impairment assessment is complete and no impairment is recorded.  If the reporting unit does not pass the 
analysis, the Company performs additional quantitative analysis to calculate the fair value of the license.  If the carrying 
value of the license exceeds the license fair value an impairment charge is recorded.  As a part of the impairment test the 
Company assesses the appropriateness of the application of the indefinite-lived assertion. If the value of these assets 
were impaired by some factor, such as an adverse change in the subsidiary’s operating market, the Company may be 
required to record an impairment charge.  

The Company performed its annual impairment assessment of its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets 

(telecommunications licenses) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. See Note 7 for a discussion of the 
Company’s impairment of a portion of its goodwill within its International Telecom segment during the year ended 
December 31, 2021.  

Other Intangible Assets 

Intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of entities accounted for using the purchase method of 
accounting are estimated by management based on the fair value of the assets acquired. These include acquired customer 
relationships and tradename.  The process for estimating the fair values of identifiable intangible assets requires the use 
of significant estimates and assumptions by management, including revenue growth rates, customer attrition rates, 
royalty rates, discount rates and projected future cash flows. 

Customer relationships and tradenames are amortized over their estimated lives ranging from 5-13 years and 

6-15 years, respectively, based on the pattern in which economic benefit of the customer relationship is estimated to be 
realized. 

Debt 

Debt is measured at amortized cost. Debt issuance costs are recorded as a reduction to the carrying value of the 
debt and are amortized as interest expense in the consolidated income statements over the period of the debt. Except for 
interest costs incurred for the construction of a qualifying asset which are capitalized during the period the assets are 
prepared for their intended use, interest costs are expensed. 

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests 

The redeemable noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets reflect common and 

preferred units issued in conjunction with the Company’s acquisition of Alaska Communication and common units 
issued in conjunction with the Company’s acquisition of Sacred Wind.  (Refer to Note 5).  Generally, the holders of 
these instruments have the ability to sell the instrument to a subsidiary of the Company in a future period.  The common 
redeemable noncontrolling interests are recorded at the greater of historical cost or fair value.  Historical cost is 
calculated as the original investment adjusted for subsequent capital contributions and distributions as well as the 
applicable share of earnings or losses. The fair value is calculated using a market approach and level 3 inputs. If the 
historical cost is more than the fair value at the end of the reporting period no adjustment is recorded, if the fair value is 

F-14 

 
 
greater than the historical cost the value of the instrument is increased to the fair value with the offsetting amount 
recorded to retained earnings. The preferred redeemable noncontrolling interests are recorded at cost plus accrued 
dividends. 

Noncontrolling Interests 

The noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets reflect the original investments 
made by minority stockholders in certain subsidiaries of the Company.  Noncontrolling interests acquired in a business 
combination are initially recorded at fair value.  Subsequently, noncontrolling interests are adjusted for additional capital 
contributions, the minority stockholder’s proportional share of the earnings or losses, distributions to the minority 
stockholders and repurchases, by the Company, of such interests. 

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), by component, were as follows (in thousands): 

Projected 
Pension and 

  Postretirement Benefit   Translation     

Obligations 

    Adjustment       Other       Total 

Balance at December 31, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unrecognized actuarial loss, net of tax of $0.1 million . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign currency translation adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest rate swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reclassification of foreign currency losses on assets held for sale .
Balance at December 31, 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unrecognized actuarial gain, net of tax of $(0.1) million. . . . . . . . .
Foreign currency translation adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest rate swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at December 31, 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unrecognized actuarial gain, net of tax of $(0.2) million. . . . . . . . .
Pension settlement, net of tax of $(0.8) million . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reclassification of foreign currency losses on investments sold,  
net of tax of $0.2 million . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign currency translation adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest rate swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at December 31, 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

1,842
(2,412)
—
—
—
(570)
5,014
—
—
4,444
2,428
915

$   (5,076)  $   (48) $ (3,282)
 — (2,412)
37
 —
(101)
 (101)
6,036
 —
278
   (149)
5,014
 —
(689)
 —
170
 170
4,773
 21
2,428
 —
915
 —

 —  
 37  
 —  
 6,036  
 997  
 —  
 (689) 
 —  
 308  
 —  
 —  

—
 (500) 
—  (1,385) 
—
 —  
7,787

$   (1,577)  $ 

 —
(500)
 — (1,385)
 (21)
(21)
 — $ 6,210

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income for pension and other 

postretirement benefits plans were $0.9 million, $(34) thousand, and $(100) thousand for the year ended December 31, 
2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively.  Additionally, $(0.5) million and $6.0 million was 
reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income as a result of the foreign currency translation 
adjustments losses on assets sold during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2020. 

Revenue Recognition 

The Company earns revenue from its telecommunication and renewable energy operations.  The Company 

recognizes revenue through the following steps: 

- 

Identification of the contract with a customer 

F-15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
      
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Identification of the performance obligations in the contract 

- 
-  Determination of the transaction price 
-  Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract 
-  Recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies performance obligations 

Revenue Recognition- Communications Services 

Communication services consists of Mobility, Fixed, and Carrier Services revenue.  Mobility revenue consists 

of revenue generated from providing mobile communication services to consumer and business subscribers over the 
Company’s wireless networks and the sale of related equipment to its subscribers.  The service revenue generated is 
recognized over time as the service is rendered and revenues from equipment are recognized when the equipment is 
delivered to the customer.   

Management considers transactions where customers purchase subsidized or discounted equipment and mobile 
voice or data services to be a single contract.  For these contracts, the transaction price is allocated to the equipment and 
mobile service based on their standalone selling prices.  The standalone selling price is based on the amount the 
Company charges for the equipment and service to similar customers.  Equipment revenue is recognized when the 
equipment is delivered to customers and service revenue is recognized as service is rendered. 

Fixed Communications revenue is primarily generated by fixed data and voice telecommunications services to 

both business and consumer subscribers.  The service includes consumer broadband and high speed data solutions for 
businesses, as well as video services.  Revenue from these contracts is recognized over time as the service is rendered to 
the customer. Fixed revenue also includes revenue from government grants and is recognized in accordance with the 
grant terms and conditions. 

Carrier Services revenue is generated from providing services to other telecommunications providers such as 

wholesale roaming, the leasing of critical network infrastructure such as tower and transport facilities, site maintenance, 
and international long-distance services. Revenue is recognized over time as the service is rendered to the customer. 

The Company also has certain wholesale roaming agreements that contain stand ready performance obligations 

and management allocates transaction value to performance obligations based on the standalone selling price. The 
standalone selling price is the estimated price the Company would charge for the good or service with similar customers 
in similar circumstances. Management determined the performance obligations were obligations to make the service 
continuously available and will recognize revenue evenly over the service period. 

In July 2019 the Company entered into a Network Build and Maintenance Agreement (the “FirstNet 

Agreement”) with AT&T Mobility, LLC (“AT&T”) to build a portion of AT&T’s network for the First Responder 
Network Authority (“FirstNet”) as well as a commercial wireless network in or near the Company’s current operating 
area in the Southwestern United States (the “FirstNet Transaction”). The FirstNet transaction includes construction and 
service performance obligations. The Company allocated the transaction price of the FirstNet Agreement to each 
performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation in the contract. The 
standalone selling price is the estimated price the Company would charge for the good or service in a separate 
transaction with similar customers in similar circumstances.  The construction revenue is recognized when the assets are 
delivered and the service revenue is recognized over time as the service is rendered to the customer.   

The Company’s Mobility, Carrier Services, and Fixed communications contracts occasionally include 
promotional discounts such as free service periods or discounted products.  If a contract contains a substantive 
termination penalty, the transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations based on a standalone selling price 
resulting in accelerated revenue recognition and the establishment of a contract asset that will be recognized over the life 
of the contract.  If a contract includes a promotional discount but no substantive termination penalty, the discount is 
recorded in the promotional period and no contract asset is established. The Company’s customers also have the option 
to purchase additional telecommunication services.  Generally, these options are not performance obligations and are 
excluded from the transaction price because they do not provide the customers with a material right.   

F-16 

 
The Company may charge upfront fees for activation and installation of some of its products and services.  
These fees are reviewed to determine if they represent a separate performance obligation.  If they do not represent a 
separate performance obligation, the transaction price associated with them is recognized over the life of the customer.  
If the fees represent a performance obligation they are recognized when delivered to the customer based on the 
standalone selling price. 

The Company has certain wholesale roaming agreements that contain stand ready performance obligations and 
management allocates transaction value to performance obligations based on the standalone selling price. The standalone 
selling price is the estimated price the Company would charge for the good or service with similar customers in similar 
circumstances. Management determined the performance obligations were obligations to make the service continuously 
available and will recognize revenue evenly over the service period. 

The Company also enters into build and maintenance agreements with its customers.  The agreements include 

construction and service performance obligations.  The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance 
obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation in the contract. The standalone 
selling price is the estimated price the Company would charge for the good or service in a separate transaction with 
similar customers in similar circumstances. 

Sales and use and state excise taxes collected from customers that are remitted to the governmental authorities 

are reported on a net basis and excluded from the revenues and sales. 

Revenue Recognition- Construction 

Construction revenue is generated from construction services provided to telecommunications customers.  The 

Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when the product is delivered to the customer.  

Revenue Recognition-Other Revenue 

Other revenue consists of renewable energy revenue and Managed Services revenue.  Renewable energy 

revenue includes the generation of power through Power Purchase Agreements (“PPAs”) from the Company’s solar 
plants in India.  The Company recognizes revenue at contractual PPA rates over time as electricity is generated and 
simultaneously consumed by the customer.  Managed services revenue is generated from information technology 
services such as network, application, infrastructure, and hosting services to both business and consumer customers.  The 
revenue is recognized as the service is delivered to customers.   

F-17 

Contract Assets and Liabilities 

The Company recognizes contract assets and liabilities on its balance sheet.  Contract assets represent unbilled 

amounts typically resulting from consumer mobility contracts with both a multiyear service period and a promotional 
discount.  In these contracts the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer.  The current portion of 
the contract asset is recorded in prepayments and other current assets and the noncurrent portion is included in other 
assets on the Company’s balance sheet.   

Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized.  Retail revenue 
for postpaid customers is generally billed one month in advance and recognized over the period that the corresponding 
service is rendered to customers.  To the extent the service is not provided by the reporting date the amount is recognized 
as a contract liability.  Prepaid service, including mobile voice and data services, sold to customers is recorded as 
deferred revenue prior to the commencement of services. The Company also records deferred revenue associated with 
prepaid service agreements to provide data capacity to customers. For these service agreements, a contract liability is 
established and recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the life of the agreement. The current portion of 
contract liabilities is recorded in advanced payments and deposits and the noncurrent portion is included in other 
liabilities on the Company’s balance sheets.   

Contract Acquisition Costs 

The Company pays sales commissions to its employees and agents for obtaining customer contracts.  These 

costs are incremental because they would not have been incurred if the contract was not obtained.  The Company 
recognizes an asset for these costs and subsequently amortizes the asset on a systematic basis consistent with the pattern 
of the transfer of the services to the customer.  The amortization period, which is between 2 and 6 years, considers both 
the original contract period as well as anticipated contract renewals as appropriate.  The amortization period also 
includes renewal commissions when those commissions are not commensurate with new commissions.  The Company 
estimates contract renewals based on its actual renewals in recent periods. When the expected amortization period is one 
year or less the Company utilizes the practical expedient and expenses the costs as incurred.   

Leases 

The Company determines if an agreement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in right-of-use 

(“ROU”) assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities in the Company’s 
consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment in the Company’s consolidated 
balance sheets.   

ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the 
obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at 
commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The present value is calculated 
using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date, as the 
Company’s leases do not contain an implicit rate.  The Company utilizes assumptions based on its existing borrowing 
facilities and other market specific data to determine its incremental borrowing rate. The operating lease ROU asset also 
includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include renewal 
options to extend the lease.  The Company includes renewal options that are reasonably certain to be exercised in the 
initial lease term.  When determining whether a renewal option is reasonably certain to be exercised, the Company 
considers several factors, including the present and anticipated future needs of its customers being serviced by the asset.  
Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.  The Company does not separate non-lease 
components from lease components.   

F-18 

 
 
Operating Expenses 

Cost of communication services and other.  Cost of communication services and other are charges that the 

Company incurs for voice and data transport circuits (in particular, the circuits between its Mobility sites) and its 
switches, internet capacity, video programming costs, access fees it pays to terminate its calls, telecommunication 
spectrum fees and direct costs associated within its Managed Services business. Cost of communication services also 
include expenses associated with developing, operating, upgrading and supporting the Company’s telecommunications 
networks, including the salaries and benefits paid to employees directly involved in the development and operation of 
those businesses, as well as credit loss allowances and the cost of handsets and customer resale equipment incurred by its 
retail businesses. 

Cost of construction revenue.  Cost of constructions revenue include the expenses associated with constructing 

and making the FirstNet sites available for delivery to ATT.  

Selling, general and administrative.  Selling, general and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits 
we pay to sales personnel, customer service expenses and the costs associated with the development and implementation 
of our promotional and marketing campaigns. Selling, general and administrative expenses also include salaries, benefits 
and related costs for general corporate functions including executive management, finance and administration, legal and 
regulatory, facilities, information technology and human resources as well as internal costs associated with our 
performance of due-diligence and integration related costs associated with acquisition activities. 

Transaction-related charges.  Transaction-related charges include the costs, such as legal, tax, accounting and 

consulting fees directly associated with acquisition and disposition-related activities, which are expensed as incurred. 
Transaction-related charges also include certain internal personnel costs incurred as a result of the completion of the 
acquisition or disposition. 

Depreciation and amortization expenses.  Depreciation and amortization expenses represent the depreciation 

and amortization charges the Company records on its property and equipment and on certain intangible assets. 

Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions.  Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions include the 

amortization of customer relationships and trade names related to the Company’s completed acquisitions. 

Goodwill impairment.  The Company assesses goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently 

when events and circumstances occur indicating that the recorded goodwill may be impaired.   If the carrying value of 
the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit an impairment charge is recorded equal 
to the excess, but not more than the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.  

Loss on disposition of long-lived assets.  The Company sells or disposes assets from time to time.  A gain or 
loss is recorded by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the proceeds received. The Company also records 
losses on assets held for sale if the expected sale price exceeds the carrying value of the assets. 

Accounting for Grants 

In 2021, the Company adopted  Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about 

Government Assistance, which required entities to make specific annual disclosures about transactions with a 
government. The Company receives funding from the US Government and its agencies under stimulus, the Universal 
Service Fund (“USF”), the Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Reimbursement Program, and other 
programs. These funding programs are generally designed to fund telecommunications operations and infrastructure 
expansion into rural or underserved areas. The funding programs are evaluated to determine if they represent funding 
related to revenue, capital expenditures or operating activities.  Funding for revenue and operating activities are recorded 
as revenue or contra expense in the Company’s consolidated income statement as the services are provided.  Funding for 
capital expenditures is recorded as a reduction to property, plant and equipment on the Company’s consolidated balance 

F-19 

 
 
sheets and a future reduction in depreciation expense in the consolidated income statements.  Government funding 
related to revenue and operations are recorded as operating cash inflows and grants for capital expenditures are recorded 
as investing cash inflows.   

The Company monitors government funding for grant requirements to ensure that conditions related to grants 

have been met and there is reasonable assurance that the Company will be able to retain the grant proceeds and to ensure 
that any contingencies that may arise from not meeting the conditions are appropriately recognized. See Note 9, 
Government Support and Spectrum Programs. 

Income Taxes 

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of 

deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the 
financial statements.  Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences 
between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in 
which the differences are expected to reverse.  The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is 
recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. 

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes these assets are more 

likely than not to be realized.  In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative 
evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, 
tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations.  If the Company determines that it would be able to realize its 
deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company would make an adjustment to the 
deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. 

The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process 
whereby (1) the Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the 
basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition 
threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized 
upon ultimate settlement with the related authority. It is possible that the ultimate resolution of these uncertain matters 
may be greater or less than the amount that the Company estimated.  If payment of these amounts proves to be 
unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period in which it is 
determined that the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be more than the ultimate 
assessment, a further charge to expense would result. 

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax 

expense line in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.  Accrued interest and penalties are included 
within the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheets. 

The Company does not provide for United States income taxes on earnings of foreign subsidiaries as such 

earnings are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act” also commonly 
referred to as US tax reform), resulted in a one-time transition tax on the deemed repatriation of foreign earnings for 
federal tax purposes.   

Credit Concentrations and Significant Customers 

Historically, the Company has been dependent on a limited number of customers for its wholesale roaming 
business. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, no individual customer accounted for more than 10% of 
consolidated revenue in that year. For the year ended December 31, 2020, one customer accounted for 10% of the 
Company’s consolidated revenue.  

F-20 

As of December 31, 2022, two customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated accounts 

receivable.  As of December 31, 2021, no customers accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated 
accounts receivable. 

Foreign Currency Gains and Losses 

The Company translate the assets and liabilities of its foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional 

currencies, primarily the Guyana Dollar, to US dollars at the appropriate spot rates as of the balance sheet date. Changes 
in the carrying values of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in spot rates are recognized in foreign 
currency translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Income statement accounts 
are translated using the monthly average exchange rates during the year.   

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from a reporting entity’s functional 
currency must first be remeasured from the applicable currency to the legal entity’s functional currency. The effect of 
this remeasurement process is reported in other income on the income statement. 

Employee Benefit Plans 

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans 

The Company sponsors pension and other postretirement benefit plans for employees of certain subsidiaries.  

Net periodic pension expense is recognized in the Company’s income statement. The service cost component of net 
periodic pension expense is presented with other employee compensation within income from operations.  Other 
components of net periodic pension expense, such as interest cost, expected return on plan assets, and amortization of 
actuarial gains and losses are presented in other income. The Company recognizes a pension or other postretirement 
benefit plan’s funded status as either an asset or liability in its consolidated balance sheet.  Actuarial gains and losses are 
deferred, reported as a component of other comprehensive income, and amortized through net periodic pension expense 
in subsequent periods.  

Multi-employer Defined Benefit Plan 

Certain of the Company’s employees participate in a multi-employer defined pension plan.  The Company pays 

and expenses a contractual hourly amount based on employee classification or base compensation.  The accumulated 
benefits and plan assets are not determined for, or allocated separately to, individual employers. 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments 

In accordance with the provisions of fair value accounting, a fair value measurement assumes that a transaction 

to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a 
principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability, and defines fair value based upon an exit price 
model. 

F-21 

 
 
The fair value measurement guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the 
use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes 
three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: 

Level 1  Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting 
date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset and liability occur 
in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing 
basis. Level 1 assets and liabilities include money market funds, debt and equity 
securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market. 

Level 2  Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets 

or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are 
observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the 
full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt 
securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded 
instruments and derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing 
model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally 
from or corroborated by observable market data. This category generally includes 
corporate obligations and non-exchange traded derivative contracts. 

Level 3  Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are 
significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities 
include financial instruments and intangible assets that have been impaired whose 
value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or 
similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value 
requires significant management judgment or estimation.

F-22 

 
 
 
 
 
Assets and liabilities of the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and 

2021 are summarized as follows: 

Description 

Quoted Prices in  
Active Markets 
(Level 1) 

December 31, 2022 
Significant Other 
Unobservable 
Inputs 
(Level 3) 

Short term investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alaska Communications redeemable common units . . . . . . . .
Alloy redeemable common units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warrants on Alaska Communications redeemable common 
units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

300
—
—
—

—
300

$

$

 —  $ 

 1,616 
 (22,557)
 (14,760)

 (654)
 (36,355) $ 

December 31, 2021 
Significant Other 

Total 

300
1,616
(22,557)
(14,760)

(654)
(36,055)

  Quoted Prices in   Observable 
  Active Markets

Inputs 
(Level 2) 

  Unobservable 

Inputs 
(Level 3) 

Description 

(Level 1) 

Money market funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short term investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alaska Communications redeemable common units . .
Warrants on Alaska Communications redeemable 
common units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest rate swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value . . . .

$

$

3,301
300
—
—

—
—
3,601

$

$

Money Market Funds 

—  $ 
—   
—   
—   

 — $
 —
 1,925
 (22,640)

Total 
3,301
300
1,925
(22,640)

—   

(894)
(894)

 $ 

 (559)
 —

(559)
(894)
 (21,274) $ (18,567)

As of December 31, 2021, this asset class consisted of a money market portfolio that comprises Federal 
government and US Treasury securities. The asset class is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because its 
underlying investments are valued using quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets. 

F-23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
     
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
     
    
  
 
 
 
Other Investments  

The Company holds investments in equity securities consisting of noncontrolling investments in privately held 

companies. The investments are accounted for using equity method accounting, the measurement alternative for 
investments without a readily determinable fair value, or fair value.  In the first quarter of 2021, the Company began to 
account for its former India solar operations under the equity method of accounting. The fair value investments are 
valued using level 3 inputs and the Company used the income approach to fair value the investment.  The inputs 
consisted of a discount rate and future cash flows calculated based on the investment attributes.  A roll forward of the 
investments is below: 

Balance, December 31, 2021 . . . . . .
Sale of Investments(1) . . . . . . . . .
Income (Loss) recognized . . . . . .
Contributions / (distributions) . . .
Foreign currency loss . . . . . . . . . .
Gain recognized . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance, December 31, 2022 . . . . . .

$

     Investments 
Without a 
Readily 
Determinable 
Fair Value 
17,820
—
—
—
—
4,770
22,590

$

Fair Value 
Investments     
1,925
$
—
435
(744)
—
—
1,616

$

Equity 
Investments 
28,699 
(13,212)
(2,234)
2,750 
(2,040)
— 
13,963 

$

$

Total 
 48,444
 (13,212)
 (1,799)
 2,006
 (2,040)
 4,770
 38,169

 $ 

 $ 

(1)  During 2022, the Company sold an investment previously accounted for using the equity method for $15.7 million 
of cash.  The investment had a book value of $13.2 and the Company recognized a gain of $2.5 million on the 
transaction. 

These investments are included with other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. 

Redeemable Common Units and Warrants 

The Company issued redeemable common units, and warrants to purchase additional common units, in a 

subsidiary of the Company in conjunction with its acquisition of Alaska Communications.  The Company also issued 
redeemable common units in a subsidiary in conjunction with its acquisition of Sacred Wind. (Refer to Note 5).  The 
instruments are redeemable at the option of the holder.  Both the common units and warrants to purchase common units 
are recorded at fair value in the Company’s financial statements. The put option begins in November 2026.  The 
Company calculates the fair value of the instruments using a market approach with level 3 inputs.     

Other Fair Value Disclosures 

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued 

expenses approximate their fair values because of the relatively short-term maturities of these financial instruments. The 
fair value of the interest rate swap is measured using Level 2 inputs.  

The fair value of long-term debt is estimated using Level 2 inputs. At December 31, 2022, the fair value of 

long-term debt, including the current portion, was $473.7 million and its book value was $467.2 million. At 
December 31, 2021, the fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion, was $373.7 million and its book value 
was $366.5 million. 

Net Loss Per Share 

The following table reconciles the numerator and denominator in the computations of basic and diluted earnings 

per share (in thousands): 

F-24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
     
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Numerator: 
Net Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net (Income) Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . .
Net Loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders- Basic. . .
Less:  Preferred dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net Loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. common stockholders- 
Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

(7,583) $ 
1,938
(5,645)
(4,856)

 (20,809)  $
 (1,299) 
 (22,108) 
 (1,962) 

(708)
(13,414)
(14,122)
-

$

(10,501) $ 

 (24,070)  $

(14,122)

2022 

Year ended December 31, 
2021 

2020 

Denominator: 
Weighted-average shares outstanding- Basic  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Effective of dilutive securities: 
Stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock units. . . . . .
Weighted-average shares outstanding- Diluted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,751

 15,867  

—
15,751

 —  
 15,867  

15,923

—
15,923

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests 

Sacred Wind Enterprises  

In connection with the Sacred Wind Transaction (see Note 5), the Company has accounted for equity 

consideration issued as redeemable noncontrolling interests in its consolidated financial statements. The redeemable 
noncontrolling interests consists of $14.8 million of redeemable common units.  The common units contain a put option 
allowing the holder to sell the common units to a subsidiary of the Company at the then fair market value. The fair value 
of the common units is $14.8 million as of December 31, 2022. 

Alaska Communications 

In connection with the Alaska Transaction (see Note 5), the Company has accounted for the Freedom 

3 Investment as redeemable noncontrolling interests in its consolidated financial statements. The redeemable 
noncontrolling interests consists of redeemable common units and redeemable preferred units. The common units 
contain a put option allowing the holder to sell the common units to a subsidiary of the Company at the then fair market 
value. The put option begins at the earlier of a future initial public offering of the Alaska Communications operations or 
July 2028. The fair value of the common units was $22.5 million and $22.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, 
respectively. The redeemable preferred equity carries a 9% preferred dividend which compounds quarterly. The 
preferred units contain a put option allowing the holder to sell the preferred units to a subsidiary of the Company at the 
unpaid issue price plus unpaid dividends. The put option begins at the earlier of a future initial public offering of the 
Alaska Communications operations or July 2028. The preferred units had a book value of $55.2 million and 
$50.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  The preferred units book value includes an unpaid 
preferred dividend of $6.8 million and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  Lastly, the 
Company issued warrants in the Alaska Communications operations allowing the holders to purchase an additional 3% 
of the common units at a fixed price. The value of the warrants was $0.7 million and $0.6 million as of December 31, 
2022 and 2021, respectively.  

For the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company allocated losses of $4.3 million and 
$6.2 million, respectively, to the redeemable common units representing their proportionate share of operating losses. 
The Company then compared the book value of the common units to the fair value and the fair value exceeded the book 
value.  As a result, the book value was increased by $4.2 million and $6.2 million during the years ended December 31, 
2022 and 2021, respectively. 

F-25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table provides a roll forward of the activity related to the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling 

interests for year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: 

Balance, December 31, 2021  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Issuance of 591 common units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued preferred dividend  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allocated net loss  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in fair value  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance, December 31, 2022  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Balance, December 31, 2020  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Issuance of 48,334 preferred units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Issuance of 23,199 common units  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued preferred dividend  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allocated net loss  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in fair value  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance, December 31, 2021  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stock-Based Compensation 

Redeemable 
Preferred Units    
$

Redeemable 

Common  Units      
$

Total Redeemable 
Noncontrolling 
Interests 

 22,640    $ 
 14,760   
 —   
 (4,317) 
 4,234   
 37,317    $ 

72,936
14,760
4,856
(4,317)
4,234
92,469

Redeemable 

Redeemable 

Common  Units       

Total Redeemable 
Noncontrolling 
Interests 

50,296
—
4,856
—
—
55,152

$

$

Preferred Units     
$

— $

48,334
—
1,962
—
—
50,296

$

$

 —   $ 
 —  
 22,640  
 —  
 (6,164) 
 6,164  
 22,640   $ 

—
48,334
22,640
1,962
(6,164)
6,164
72,936

The Company applies the fair value recognition provision of ASU 2018-07, “Compensation—Stock 
Compensation (Topic 718)” and is expensing the fair value of all stock-based compensation over the vesting periods of 
such awards within selling, general and administrative expenses in its Income Statement. 

Business Combinations 

The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, under which the 

purchase price of the acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the fair values 
determined by management as of the acquisition date. Contingent consideration obligations that are elements of the 
consideration transferred are recognized as of the acquisition date as part of the fair value transferred in exchange for the 
acquired business. Acquisition-related costs incurred in connection with a business combination are expensed as 
incurred. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement 

of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” (“ASU 2016-13”).  ASU 2016-13 requires entities to use a new forward-
looking, expected loss model to estimate credit losses. It also requires additional disclosure relating to the credit quality 
of trade and other receivables, including information relating to management’s estimate of credit allowances. The 
Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using the modified retrospective approach on its January 1, 2020 effective date.  

F-26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting 
for Income Taxes,” which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 
removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to 
improve consistent application.  The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 effective January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU 
2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASC 2021-08, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for 

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers,” (ASU 2021-08).  ASU 2021-08 provides 
guidance for recognizing and measuring contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination.  
Under the standard revenue contracts are accounted for consistent with how they were recognized and measured in the 
acquiree’s financial statements.  This is a change from current standards which require contract asset and liabilities to be 
recognized at fair value.  The Company prospectively adopted this standard in the fourth quarter of 2021 and will apply 
it to all acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2021 and thereafter.  The adoption will generally result in the 
Company recognizing larger contract liabilities in business combinations. Refer to Note 5. 

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by 
Business Entities about Government Assistance, which required entities to make specific annual disclosures about 
transactions with a government.  The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021.  The 
Company adopted the standard in the fourth quarter of 2021 and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s 
disclosures.  Going forward the Company will evaluate the disclosure requirements based on its participation in 
government programs. 

3.  REVENUE AND RECEIVABLES   

Revenue Accounted for in Accordance with Other Guidance 

The Company records revenue in accordance with ASC 606 from contracts with customers and ASC 842 from 

lease agreements, as well as government grants.  Lease revenue recognized under ASC 842 is disclosed in Note 4 and 
government grant revenue is disclosed in Note 9.   

F-27 

 
 
Timing of Revenue Recognition 

Revenue accounted for in accordance with ASC 606 consisted of the following for the periods presented below. 

Services transferred over time

US Telecom  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
International Telecom  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Solar  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total services transferred over time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods and services transferred at a point in time

US Telecom  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
International Telecom  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total goods and services transferred at a point in time. . . . . . . . . .
Total revenue accounted for under ASC 606  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

Contract Assets and Liabilities 

2022 

301,309
332,507
—
633,816

29,203
14,934
44,137
677,953

Year ended 

2021 

2020 

$

188,405   $ 
319,357  
418  
508,180  

46,433  
10,928  
57,361  
 565,541  

96,935
305,844
4,556
407,335

12,154
9,196
21,350
428,685

Contract assets and liabilities consisted of the following (amounts in thousands): 

Contract asset – current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contract asset – noncurrent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contract liability – current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contract liability – noncurrent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net contract liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

December 31, 
2022 

December 31, 
2021 

$

$

$

2,932
3,775
(27,284)
(72,543)
(93,120) $

$

4,805
900
(25,332)
(81,391)
(101,018) $

$ Change 

     % Change 

 (1,873) 
 2,875  
 (1,952) 
 8,848  
 7,898  

 (39)%
 319 %
 (8)%
 11 %
8 %

The contract asset-current is included in prepayments and other current assets, the contract asset-noncurrent is 

included in other assets, the contract liability-current is included in advance payments and deposits, and the contract 
liability-noncurrent is included in other liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet.  The decrease in the Company’s net 
contract liability was due to the recognition of contract liabilities as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2022.  
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $25.1 million related to its 
December 31, 2021 contract liability and amortized $3.6 million of the December 31, 2021 contract asset into revenue.  
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $18.0 million related to its 
December 31, 2020 contract liability and amortized $2.4 million of the December 31, 2020 contract asset into revenue.  
The Company did not recognize any revenue in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 related to performance 
obligations that were satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods.     

Contract Acquisition Costs 

The December 31, 2022 balance sheet includes contract acquisition costs of $8.3 million in other assets.  The 

December 31, 2021 balance sheet includes contract acquisition costs of $4.5 million.  During the years ended 
December 31, 2022 and 2021 the Company amortized $3.5 million and $2.8 million, respectively, of contract acquisition 
cost. 

Remaining Performance Obligations 

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance 

obligations of certain multiyear mobility contracts, which include a promotional discount, and the Company’s 
construction and service contracts.  The transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations was 
$312 million and $369 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.  The Company expects to 
satisfy 

F-28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
   
   
 
 
approximately 50% of the remaining performance obligations and recognize the transaction price within 24 months and 
the remainder thereafter.   

The Company has certain mobility and carrier services contracts where transaction price is allocated to 
remaining performance obligations.  However, the Company omits these contracts from the disclosure by applying the 
right to invoice, one year or less, any wholly unsatisfied performance obligation practical expedients. 

Disaggregation 

The Company's revenue is presented on a disaggregated basis in Note 14 based on an evaluation of disclosures 
outside the financial statements, information regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker for evaluating the 
financial performance of operating segments and other information that is used for performance evaluation and resource 
allocations. This includes revenue from Communication Services revenue, Construction revenue and Other revenue.  
Communication Services is further disaggregated into Mobility, Fixed, Carrier Services, and Other revenue.  
Construction revenue represents revenue generated within our US Telecom segment for the construction of network cell 
sites related to the FirstNet Agreement.  Other revenue is further disaggregated into Renewable Energy and Managed 
Services.  Each of the revenue streams is presented for the Company’s International Telecom and US Telecom segments.  
This disaggregation of revenue depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are 
affected by economic factors. 

Receivables 

At December 31, 2022, the Company had gross accounts receivable of $154.5 million and an allowance for 

credit losses of $15.2 million.  The receivable under the FirstNet Agreement totaled $52.5 million, of which $5.8 million 
was current and $46.7 million was long-term.  The December 31, 2022 accounts receivable also includes $5.7 million 
related to participation in certain government funded programs.  (Refer to Note 9).  At December 31, 2021, the Company 
had gross accounts receivable of $131.4 million and an allowance for credit losses of $13.9 million. The receivable under 
the FirstNet Agreement totaled $43.8 million of which $4.1 million was current and $39.7 million was long-term.  The 
Company monitors receivables through the use of historical operating data adjusted for expectation of future 
performance as appropriate. Activity in the allowance for credit losses is below: 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2022 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2021 

Balance at beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current period provision for expected losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Write-offs charged against the allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recoveries collected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at end of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

13,885   $ 
6,695  
(5,518) 
109  
15,171   $ 

 12,121
 4,850
 (3,517)
 431
 13,885

4. LEASES  

The Company has operating and financing leases for towers, land, corporate offices, retail facilities, and data 

transport capacity.  The terms of the leases vary and some include additional renewal options. 

F-29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental lease information 

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands): 

December 31, 
2022 

Year ended  
December 31, 
2021 

December 31, 
2020 

Operating lease cost: 

Operating lease cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-term lease cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Variable lease cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total operating lease cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Finance lease cost: 

Amortization of right-of-use asset . . . . . .
Variable costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finance lease cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

$

$

24,531
2,575
3,186
30,292

3,060
838
381
4,279

$

$

$

$

$ 

20,386
2,402
3,874
26,662   $ 

 16,409
 2,712
 4,059
 23,180

$ 

2,561
792

—  
3,353   $ 

 2,181
 852
 —
 3,033

During the year ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company paid $22.6 million and 

$19.4 million, respectively, related to operating lease liabilities.  Also during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 
December 31, 2021, the Company recorded $7.1 million and $11.8 million, respectively, of lease liabilities arising from 
ROU assets.  In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company acquired $1.0 million of  operating 
lease assets and $1.0 million of lease liabilities in acquisitions.  During the year ended December 31 2021 the Company 
acquired $60.4 million of operating lease right of use assets and $46.7 million of lease liabilities in acquisitions.    Refer 
to Note 5.   

At December 31, 2022, finance leases with a cost of $26.6 million and accumulated amortization of 
$13.5 million were included in property, plant and equipment. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2022, 
the Company disposed of finance leases with a net book value of $2.3 million recording a loss for $1.0 million.  At 
December 31, 2022, finance leases had a lease liability of $5.5 million, of which $1.1 million was current. During the 
year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid $1.1 million for finance lease liabilities and recorded $0.4 million of 
additional finance lease liabilities. At December 31, 2021, finance leases with a cost of $30.8 million and accumulated 
amortization of $12.1 million were included in property, plant and equipment.  During the year ended December 31, 
2021, the Company paid $2.2 million for finance lease liabilities and recorded $2.9 million of additional finance lease 
liabilities.  At December 31, 2021, finance leases had a lease liability of $6.1 million, of which $0.9 million was current. 

F-30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
     
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
The weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 

2021 are noted in the table below: 

Weighted-average remaining lease term

Operating leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12.4 years
9.3 years

11.3 years
9.5 years

     December 31, 2022      December 31, 2021

Weighted-average discount rate 

Operating leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.0%  
6.7%  

5.4%
6.4%

Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands): 

2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2026 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2027 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total lease payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less imputed interest  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

     Operating Leases       Financing Leases 
 1,403
 1,342
 978
 504
 495
 2,651
 7,373
 (1,914)
 5,459

19,417
17,836
14,805
10,505
8,096
76,452
147,111
(53,794)
93,317

$ 

$

Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021 were as follows (in thousands): 

2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2026 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total lease payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less imputed interest  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 

  Operating Leases       Financing Leases 
 1,269
$
 1,278
 1,169
 975
 484
 3,145
 8,320
 (2,268)
 6,052

20,474
17,941
16,634
13,640
9,610
65,902
144,201
(42,333)
101,868

$ 

$

As of December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any material operating or finance leases that have not yet 

commenced. 

Lessor Disclosure 

The Company is the lessor in agreements to lease the use of its network assets including its cell sites and 

buildings.  For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 the Company recorded $6.3 million, $4.5 million, 
and $1.6 million, respectively, of lease income from agreements in which the Company is the lessor.  Lease income is 
classified as Carrier Services revenue in the statement of operations. 

F-31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents the maturities of future undiscounted lease payments for the periods indicated: 

2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2026 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2027 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total future lease payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

   $

$

 6,222
 5,817
 5,604
 5,247
 4,199
 9,309
 36,398

5. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS   

US Telecom  

Acquisition of Sacred Wind Enterprises  

On November 7, 2022, the Company’s newly formed wholly owned subsidiary Alloy acquired all of the issued 

and outstanding stock of Sacred Wind Enterprises, Inc. (“Sacred Wind”), Inc., a rural telecommunications provider in 
New Mexico for $44.4 of consideration (“Sacred Wind Transaction”).  As part of the Sacred Wind Transaction, the 
Company transferred consideration of $18.0 million of cash, net of $9.4 million of cash acquired, $14.8 million of 
redeemable noncontrolling interests, and $3.7 million of contingent consideration less $1.5 million of receivables related 
to working capital adjustments. Subsequent to the Transaction, the former Sacred Wind shareholders will own 6% of the 
Alloy equity.  This equity is classified as redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Company’s financial statements 
because the holders have an option, beginning in 2026, to put the equity interest to a subsidiary of the Company at the 
then fair market value. The redeemable noncontrolling interests do not have preference relative to other equity units and 
participate in gains and losses in Alloy. The contingent consideration is earned based on certain operating metrics of 
Sacred Wind beginning in 2025 through 2027. The fair value of the contingent consideration was calculated using 
discounted cash flow analysis based on a range of probability weighted outcomes.  The Company funded the acquisition 
with borrowings under its CoBank Credit Facility and assumed $31.6 million of Sacred Wind debt, to the United States 
of America administered through the Rural Utilities Service. 

The table below represents the preliminary purchase price allocation of the total consideration transferred to the 
acquired assets and assumed liabilities based on management’s estimate of their acquisition date fair values (amounts in 
thousands): 

Consideration Transferred  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    $
Preliminary purchase price allocation: 

Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating lease right of use assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lease liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net assets acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

 44,350

 2,619
 6,747
 4,471
 989
 85,359
 1,232
 (10,073)
 (967)
 (14,388)
 (31,639)
 44,350

F-32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The acquired fixed assets are comprised of telecommunication equipment located in the Southwest United 

States. The fixed assets were valued using the income and cost approaches. Cash flows were discounted between 7% and 
12% based on the risk associated with the cash flows to determine fair value under the income approach. The fixed assets 
have useful lives ranging from 1 to 25 years. The intangible assets include a $0.6 million trade name. The estimated fair 
value of the trade name was determined using the relief from royalty method. The useful life of the trade name is 5 years. 
The acquired receivables consist of trade receivables incurred in the ordinary course of business. The Company expects 
to collect the full amount of the receivables. Other liabilities includes $6.5 million of deposits received under 
government grant programs and will be used to construct fixed assets in future periods.  

The Company’s statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes $3.3 million of revenue 
and $0.2 million of losses before taxes attributable to the Sacred Wind Transaction. The Company incurred $0.8 million 
of transaction related charges pertaining to legal, accounting, consulting services, and employee related costs associated 
with the transaction during the year ended December 31, 2022. 

Acquisition of Alaska Communications 

On July 22, 2021 (“Closing Date”), the Company completed the acquisition of Alaska Communications 

pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement whereby Alaska Communications became a consolidated subsidiary of 
the Company. At completion of the Merger, each Alaska Communications common share was converted into the right to 
receive $3.40 per share in cash representing a total value of $353.3 million of cash and consideration payable, (“Merger 
Consideration”). The consideration transferred consists of $339.5 million of cash, net of $11.9 million of cash and 
restricted cash acquired and $1.9 million of accrued consideration representing amounts payable related to stock 
compensation payable within one year of the close date. The cash consideration was used to purchase $186.8 million of 
Alaska Communications equity and repay $164.6 million of existing Alaska Communications debt. 

The Company funded the acquisition with cash on hand, debt, and a contribution from the Freedom 3 Investors. 
The Company borrowed, through multiple financing transactions a net of $283 million. On the Closing Date, the lenders 
advanced to Merger Sub (a) the full $210 million aggregate amount of the Alaska Term Loan (as defined below) in a 
single borrowing and (b) $10 million of the Alaska Revolving Facility (as defined below). The Company incurred 
$6.6 million of debt issuance and debt discount costs. Also, to fund the Merger Consideration in part, the Company drew 
a net $63.0 million under its revolving credit facility under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility (as defined below). Lastly, 
the Freedom 3 Investors contributed $71.5 million in conjunction with the Merger. The Company has accounted for the 
Freedom 3 Investment as redeemable noncontrolling interests in its consolidated financial statements. The redeemable 
noncontrolling interests consists of $22.6 million of redeemable common units and $48.3 million of redeemable 
preferred units. The common units contain a put option allowing the holder to sell the common units to a subsidiary of 
the Company at the then fair market value. The put option begins at the earlier of a future initial public offering of the 
Alaska Communications operations or July 2028. The redeemable preferred units carry a 9% preferred dividend which 
compounds quarterly. The preferred units contain a put option allowing the holder to sell the preferred units to a 
subsidiary of the Company at the unpaid issue price plus unpaid dividends. The put option begins at the earlier of a 
future initial public offering of the Alaska Communications operations or July 2028. Lastly, the Company issued 
warrants in the Alaska Communications operations allowing the holders to purchase an additional 3% of the common 
units at a fixed price. 

As a result of the Alaska Transaction, the Company owns 52% of the common equity of Alaska 

Communications and controls its operations and management. 

F-33 

 
 
The table below represents the allocation of the total consideration transferred to the acquired assets and 
assumed liabilities based on management’s estimate of their acquisition date fair values (amounts in thousands): 

Consideration Transferred  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    $
Noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total value to allocate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchase price allocation: 

Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restricted cash  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-term investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inventory, materials and supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepayments and other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunication licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating lease right-of-use assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advance payments and deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current portion of lease liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lease liabilities, excluding current portion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net assets acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

 353,280
 470
 353,750

 10,553
 1,326
 434
 30,453
 1,374
 8,038
 408,694
 683
 44,333
 60,402
 2,387
 (39,188)
 (3,766)
 (15,842)
 (2,425)
 (17,040)
 (44,234)
 (92,432)
 353,750

The acquired fixed assets are comprised of telecommunication equipment located in the Alaska and the Western 

United States. The fixed assets were valued using the income and cost approaches. Cash flows were discounted 
between 4% and 14% based on the risk associated with the cash flows to determine fair value under the income 
approach. The fixed assets have useful lives ranging from 2 to 30 years. The intangible assets consist of $34.9 million of 
customer relationships and $9.5 million of trade name. The intangibles were valued using an income approach based on 
data specific to Alaska Communications as well as market participant assumptions where appropriate. The estimated fair 
value of the customer relationships was determined using the multi-period excess earnings method. The estimated fair 
value of the trade name was determined using the relief from royalty method. The useful lives of the customer 
relationships and trade name are 5 and 15 years, respectively. The acquired receivables consist of trade receivables 
incurred in the ordinary course of business. The Company expects to collect the full amount of the receivables. Other 
liabilities includes $81.5 million of deferred revenue from long term customer contracts.  The Company adopted ASU 
2021-08 in 2021, which requires contract liabilities to be accounted for consistently with how they were recognized and 
measured in the acquiree’s financial statements.  As a result, the acquired deferred revenue was recorded at Alaska 
Communications’ book value as of the Closing Date.    

The Company’s statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes $110.5 million of 

revenue and $4.7 million of losses before taxes attributable to the Alaska Transaction, excluding transaction fees. The 
Company incurred $10.5 million of transaction related charges pertaining to legal, accounting, consulting services, and 
employee related costs associated with the transaction, of which $9.6 million and $0.9 million were incurred during the 
year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. 

The following table reflects unaudited pro forma operating results of the Company for the year ended 

December 31, 2021 assuming that the Alaska Transaction occurred on January 1, 2020. The unaudited pro forma 
amounts adjust Alaska Communications’ results to reflect the depreciation and amortization that would have been 
recorded assuming the fair value adjustments to fixed assets and intangible assets had been applied from January 1, 2020. 
Additionally, all transaction costs associated with the Alaska Transaction were recorded on January 1, 2020 in the 
unaudited pro forma 

F-34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
results. Lastly, the unaudited pro forma results were adjusted to reflect changes to the acquired entities’ financial 
structure related to the transaction. Specifically, the pre-Close debt of $164.6 million, and associated interest, was 
removed and $283.0 million of transaction debt, and associated interest, was included in the unaudited pro forma results. 
In addition, the pro forma results included the allocation of income and accrual of preferred dividends to the redeemable 
noncontrolling interest. 

(unaudited) 

Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. 
Stockholders  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Earnings per share: 

Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Year  ended December 31, 
2021 

As 
Reported 

Pro- 
Forma 

$

602,707

$

 738,472

(22,108)

 (20,022)

(1.52)
(1.52)

 (1.26)
 (1.26)

The unaudited pro forma adjustments increased net income attributable to ATN International, Inc. Stockholders 

by $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was due to an increase from the net income of the 
Alaska Communications operations excluding transaction costs less increased acquisition related depreciation and 
amortization expenses. 

The unaudited pro forma data is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the 

operating results that would have occurred if the acquisitions had been consummated on these dates or of future 
operating results of the combined company following this transaction. 

F-35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
    
 
 
 
 
Renewable Energy 

Disposition of International Solar Business 

In January 2021, the Company completed the sale of 67% of the outstanding equity in its business that owns 

and operates distributed generation solar power projects operated under the Vibrant name in India (the “Vibrant 
Transaction”). The post-sale results of the Company’s ownership interest in Vibrant are recorded through the equity 
method of accounting within the Corporate and Other operating segment. As such, the Company’s consolidated financial 
statements do not include revenue and operating expenses from Vibrant, but instead, “other income (expense)” within the 
Corporate and Other operating segment includes the Company’s share of Vibrant’s profits or losses. The Company will 
continue to present the historical results of its Renewable Energy segment for comparative purposes. 

Consideration Received  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       $ 
Assets and liabilities disposed 
Current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
Property, plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
Other assets  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
Current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
Net assets disposed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     $ 

Consideration less net assets disposed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    

Foreign currency losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income . . . . . .    

Loss on sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
Transaction costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
Loss on sale including transaction costs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     $ 

35,218

4,899
45,891
439
(759)
50,470

(15,252)

(6,258)

(21,510)
(1,283)
(22,793)

The Company reported a loss on sale of $21.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 due to the 
Vibrant Transaction and the assets and liabilities subject to the Vibrant Transaction were reported as held for sale at 
December 31, 2020. The Company recorded transaction costs of $1.3 million on the Vibrant Transaction, of which 
$0.7 million was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2020 and $0.6 million was recorded during the year 
ended December 31, 2021. The consideration received includes $19.5 million of cash and $3.9 million of receivables 
related to the amounts held in escrow and earn out consideration. The Company has recorded $11.8 million pursuant to 
an equity method investment with respect to its remaining 33% ownership interest in Vibrant. The Company completed 
its assessment of earn out and escrow amounts in 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company 
recorded additional losses of $1.6 million related to the ongoing working capital, escrow, and contingent consideration 
assessment. During 2022, the Company recorded an additional loss of $0.7 million related to working capital 
adjustments and received $1.8 million of amounts previously held in escrow. 

The Vibrant Transaction does not qualify as discontinued operations because the disposition was not a strategic 

shift which will have a major effect on the Company’s operations, and as a result, the historical results and financial 
position of the operations are presented within continuing operations. 

F-36 

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
6. FIXED ASSETS:  

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, property, plant and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands): 

Telecommunications equipment and towers .
Office and computer equipment . . . . . . . . . . .
Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Leasehold improvements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total property, plant and equipment  . . . .
Construction in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total property, plant and equipment  . . . .
Less: Accumulated depreciation  . . . . . . . . . .
Net fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Useful Life 
(in Years) 

5 -15
3 -10
15-39
3 -10
Shorter of useful
life or lease term
—
5 -10

2022 

2021 

$ 1,479,633    $  1,309,608
 153,371
 125,688
 25,420

151,804   
136,145   
27,879   

22,934   
11,308   
11,592   
1,841,295   
136,683   
1,977,978   
(922,024)  
$ 1,055,954    $ 

 23,783
 10,610
 12,484
   1,660,964
 87,128
   1,748,092
    (804,883)
 943,209

Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets, using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful 

life, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $135.1 million, $102.7 million and $86.5 million, 
respectively.  Included within telecommunication equipment and towers are certain right to use assets under capital lease 
with a cost of $26.6 million and $30.8 million and net book value of and $13.7 million and $18.7 million, as of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.   

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company received capital expenditure grants of 
$2.9 million and $7.5 million, respectively, which are reflected in the balance sheet as a reduction to property, plant and 
equipment. 

The Company had $5.6 million and $8.0 million of capitalized implementation costs at December 31, 2022 and 

2021, respectively.  The Company amortized $1.9 million and $1.2 million of implementation costs during the year 
ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

7. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS   

Goodwill 

The Company tests goodwill for impairment at each of its reporting units on an annual basis, which has been 

determined to be as of October 1st. The Company’s reporting units are one level below its operating segments. The 
Company also tests goodwill between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the fair 
value of a reporting unit may be below its carrying value. 

The Company’s qualitative goodwill impairment test includes, but is not limited to, assessing macroeconomic 
conditions, industry and market considerations, technological changes and trends, and overall financial performance of 
the reporting unit. The Company’s quantitative test for goodwill impairment involves a comparison of the estimated fair 
value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. The Company determines the fair value of a 
reporting unit using either a market or income approach.  The market approach uses prices generated by market 
transactions involving comparable businesses.  The income approach is based on a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model. 
The DCF model requires the exercise of significant judgment, including judgments and assumptions about appropriate 

F-37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
     
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
discount rates and revenue growth. Discount rates are based on a weighted-average cost of capital (“WACC”), which 
represents the average rate a business must pay its providers of debt and equity. The revenue growth and cash flows 
employed in the DCF model were derived from internal earnings and forecasts and external market forecasts. 

For its annual impairment analysis, as of October 1, 2022, the Company performed a quantitative analysis for 

the goodwill held in its US Telecom segment and a qualitative analysis for the goodwill held in its International Telecom 
segment.  The US Telecom segment holds $35.3 million of goodwill and the quantitative analysis, using an income 
approach, indicated that the fair value of the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeded its carrying value.  The 
Company’s analysis noted that the certain wholesale roaming and retail operations in its US Telecom segment are 
shifting towards carrier managed services and fixed broadband services.  Additionally, the reporting unit is executing 
several significant network upgrade projects concurrently.  The success of these initiatives will have a significant impact 
on the Company’s operations.  For the International Telecom segment the qualitative analysis was completed after the 
previous quantitative analysis using a DCF model determined that the fair value of each reporting unit significantly 
exceeded its carrying value, including goodwill.  The impairment analysis concluded that no impairment was necessary 
in 2022.   

For its 2021 annual impairment analysis the company performed a quantitative analysis for Viya reporting unit 

and a qualitative analysis for its remaining reporting units in its segments.   The Viya impairment analysis  determined 
that  the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeded its fair value.  The value of the reporting unit 
decreased in 2021 mainly due to decreases in government funding and changes in the operating environment of the 
reporting unit that resulted in the reporting unit being unable to achieve its growth projections. As a result, for the year 
ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded an impairment of $20.6 million representing all of the goodwill in this 
reporting unit.  The Company’s impairment analysis for its remaining reporting units determined that no impairment was 
necessary in 2021. 

The table below discloses goodwill recorded in each of the Company’s segments and accumulated impairment 

changes (in thousands): 

Balance at December 31, 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at December 31, 2021 and 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

     International      
Telecom 

US 

25,423  
(20,587) 

  Telecom 
   35,268  $

 — 

  Consolidated
60,691
(20,587)
40,104

4,836   $  35,268  $

International  
Telecom 

US 

      Telecom       Consolidated

Balance at December 31, 2021 

Gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accumulated Impairment    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

25,423   $  35,268  $
(20,587)  
4,836  

 — 
   35,268 

60,691
(20,587)
40,104

Balance at December 31, 2022 

Gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accumulated Impairment    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25,423  
(20,587)  

   35,268 
 — 

$

4,836   $  35,268  $

60,691
(20,587)
40,104

Telecommunications Licenses 

The Company tests those telecommunications licenses that are indefinite-lived for impairment on an annual 

basis, which has been determined to be as of October 1st.  The Company also tests telecommunication licenses that are 
indefinite-lived between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the fair value of a 
reporting unit may be below its carrying value.  

F-38 

 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
The Company’s qualitative impairment test includes, but is not limited to, assessing macroeconomic conditions, 

industry and market considerations, technological changes and trends, overall financial performance, and legal and 
regulatory changes. The Company’s quantitative test for impairment involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of 
an asset to its carrying amount. The Company determines the fair value using either a market or income approach.  The 
market approach uses prices generated by market transactions involving comparable assets.  The income approach uses a 
DCF model. The DCF requires the exercise of significant judgement including Level 3 valuation inputs. 

The Company performed a qualitative assessment for its annual impairment assessment of its indefinite lived 

telecommunication  licenses in 2022 and determined that there were no indications of potential impairment.  The 
Company performed quantitative assessments for its annual impairment assessment of its indefinite lived 
telecommunications licenses for 2021 using a market approach and determined that there were no indications of potential 
impairments.   

The changes in the carrying amount of the Company’s telecommunications licenses, by operating segment, 

were as follows (in thousands): 

Balance at December 31, 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquired licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dispositions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at December 31, 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquired licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dispositions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at December 31, 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

US 

    International    
  Telecom 
34,798
$
—
683  
— (1,000)  

$

34,798
1,068  
—
— (1,136)  

  Telecom 
  Consolidated
$ 79,285   $  114,083
 683
   (1,000)
$ 78,968   $  113,766
 1,068
   (1,136)
$ 78,900   $  113,698

$

34,798

The licenses acquired during 2022 and 2021 are expected to be available for use into perpetuity.   

Customer Relationships 

The customer relationships are being amortized on an accelerated basis, over the expected period during which 

their economic benefits are to be realized. The Company recorded $11.6 million, $7.0 million, and $1.5 million of 
amortization related to customer relationships during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. 

Future amortization of customer relationships is as follows (in thousands): 

    International 

Telecom 

2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2026 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2027 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

 827 
 576 
 576 
 576 
 576 
 338 
3,469 

US 
Telecom 
 $ 10,248
 5,748
 2,779
 —
 —
 —
 $ 18,775

Other Intangible Assets 

Other intangible assets includes $9.7 million and $10.5 million of tradenames on the Company’s balance sheet 

as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

F-39 

 
 
 
 
 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
The tradenames have definite lives and future amortization of the tradenames are as follows:  

2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2026 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2027 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

     International 

Telecom 

US 
Telecom 
 307  $  1,028
 964
 307 
 879
 307 
 769
 209 
 718
 37 
 4,223
 — 
1,167  $  8,581

8. LONG-TERM DEBT   

On April 10, 2019, the Company entered into a credit facility, with CoBank, ACB and a syndicate of other 

lenders (as amended, the “2019 CoBank Credit Facility”).  The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility provides for a $200 million 
revolving credit facility that includes (i) up to $75 million for standby or trade letters of credit and (ii) up to $10 million 
under a swingline sub-facility.  Approximately $26.0 million of performance letters of credit have been issued and 
remain outstanding and undrawn as of December 31, 2022.  The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility matures on April 10, 2024. 

Amounts borrowed under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s 
option, either (i) the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.25% to 
2.25% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.25%.  Swingline loans bear interest at the 
base rate plus the applicable margin for base rate loans. The base rate is equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the higher 
of (x) LIBOR for an interest period of one month and (y) LIBOR for an interest period of one week; (ii) the Federal 
Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the Prime Rate (as 
defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility). The applicable margin is determined based on the Total Net Leverage Ratio 
(as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility). Under the terms of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, the Company must 
also pay a commitment fee ranging from 0.150% to 0.375% of the average daily unused portion of the 2019 CoBank 
Credit Facility over each calendar quarter.   

On November 7, 2022, the Company amended the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility to allow for the incurrence of 

certain indebtedness related to payment guarantees in connection with its Replace and Remove project.  

On December 28, 2022, the Company amended the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, effective November 7, 2022, 

to allow for certain transactions contemplated with the Company’s recently completed acquisition of Sacred Wind 
Enterprises, Inc.    

 The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including a 
financial covenant that imposes a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA as well as covenants limiting additional 
indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and 
leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes.  The Company’s investments in “unrestricted” 
subsidiaries and certain dividend payments to our stockholders are not limited unless the Total Net Leverage Ratio is 
equal to or greater than 1.75 to 1.0.  The Total Net Leverage Ratio is measured each fiscal quarter and is required to be 
less than or equal to 2.75 to 1.0.  In the event of a Qualifying Acquisition (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit 
Facility), the Total Net Leverage Ratio increases to 3.25 to 1.0 for the subsequent three fiscal quarters.   

The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility also provides for the incurrence by us of incremental term loan facilities, 

when combined with increases to revolving loan commitments, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $200 million (the 
“Accordion”).  Amounts borrowed under the Accordion are also subject to proforma compliance with a net leverage ratio 
financial covenant. 

F-40 

 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all of the financial covenants of the 2019 

CoBank Credit Facility, had $99.0 million outstanding in borrowings and, net of the $26.0 million of outstanding 
performance letters of credit, had 75.0 million of availability under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility.  As of 
December 31, 2022, there are no outstanding interest rate hedge agreements associated with the 2019 CoBank Credit 
Facility. 

Letter of Credit Facility 

On November 14, 2022, the Company entered into General Agreement of Indemnity to issue performance 

Standby Letters of Credit.  As of December 31, 2022, no Standby Letters of Credit had been issued under this agreement. 

Alaska Credit Facility 

On December 23, 2022, Alaska Communications entered into a First Amendment Agreement (the “ACS 
Amendment’). The ACS Amendment amends the Credit Agreement entered into on July 22, 2021 (see below) to 
increase its Revolving Credit Commitment from $35.0 million to $75.0 million and Term Loan Commitment from 
$210 million to $230 million. As a part of the transaction, the Term Loan commitment was fully funded as the 
outstanding Revolving Credit Commitment balance was transferred.  As a result, $75.0 million is available under the 
Revolving Credit Commitment as of December 31, 2022. Principal payments on the Term Loan commence in the fourth 
quarter of 2023. 

In addition to the above changes, the amendment replaced the calculation of interest from an applicable margin 

applied to LIBOR with the same applicable margin applied to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a 
10-basis point adjustment. 

On July 22, 2021, Alaska Communications entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Alaska Credit Facility”) with 

Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and a syndicate of lenders to provide a $35.0 million 
revolving facility (the “Alaska Revolving Facility”) and a $210.0 million initial term loan facility (the “Alaska Term 
Loan”).   

As of December 31, 2022, $230.0 million was outstanding under the Alaska Term Loan and there were no 

outstanding borrowings under the Alaska Revolving Facility. Both facilities mature on July 22, 2026.   

The Company capitalized $7.3 million of fees associated with the Alaska Credit Facility which are being 

amortized over the life of the debt and $5.4 million were unamortized as of December 31, 2022.   

The Alaska Credit Facility also provides for incremental facilities up to an aggregate principal amount of the 
greater of $70.0 million and Alaska Communications’ trailing twelve-month Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the 
Alaska Credit Facility). 

The key terms and conditions of the Alaska Credit Facility include the following: 

•  Amounts outstanding bear an interest rate of LIBOR, or a LIBOR replacement rate as applicable, plus a 

margin ranging from 3.00% to 4.00% based on Alaska Communications’ Consolidated Total Net Leverage 
Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or an alternate base rate may be selected at a margin that is 1% 
lower than the counterpart LIBOR margin; 

•  Principal repayments are due quarterly commencing in the fourth quarter of 2023 in quarterly amounts as 

follows: from the fourth quarter of 2023 through the third quarter of 2024, $1.4 million; and from the fourth 
quarter of 2024 through the third quarter of 2026, $2.9 million. The remaining unpaid balance is due on the 
final maturity date; 

F-41 

 
 
•  Alaska Communications is required to maintain financial ratios as defined in the Alaska Credit Facility, 

including (a) a maximum Consolidated Net Total Leverage Ratio of 4.00 to 1, stepping down to 3.75 to 1 
beginning with the second quarter of 2024; and (b) a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio 
of not less than 1.25 to 1; and  

•  The Alaska Credit Facility is non-recourse to the Company and is secured by substantially all of the 

personal property and certain material real property owned by Alaska Communications. 

Alaska Communication’s interest rate swap, which had been designated as a cash flow hedge with an interest 

rate of 1.6735%, expired on June 30, 2022.  As of December 31, 2022, there are no outstanding interest rate hedge 
agreements associated with the Alaska Credit Facility.    

Alaska Term Facility 

On June 15, 2022, Alaska Communications Systems Holdings, the parent company of Alaska Communications, 

entered a secured lending arrangement with Bristol Bay Industrial, LLC. (the “Alaska Term Facility”). 

The Alaska Term Facility provides for a secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up 
to $7.5 million and the proceeds may be used to pay certain invoices from a contractor for work performed in connection 
with a fiber build. Interest on the Alaska Term Facility accrues at a fixed rate of 4.0%. and is payable commencing on 
December 31, 2022. Scheduled quarterly payments of principal commence on March 31, 2023. The Alaska Term Facility 
matures on June 30, 2024. 

The Alaska Term Facility contains events of default customary for facilities of this type. 

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $7.5 million outstanding and no available borrowings under the 

Alaska Term Facility. 

FirstNet Receivables Credit Facility 

On March 26, 2020, Commnet Finance, a wholly owned subsidiary of Commnet Wireless, entered into a 

receivables credit facility with the Company, Commnet Wireless, and CoBank, ACB (the “Receivables Credit 
Facility”).  

The Receivables Credit Facility provides for a senior secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal 

amount of up to $75.0 million and the proceeds may be used to acquire certain receivables from Commnet Wireless.  The 
receivables to be financed and sold under the Receivables Credit Facility, which provide the loan security, relate to the 
obligations of AT&T under the FirstNet Agreement.  

On December 23, 2022, CoBank amended the Receivables Credit Facility and extended the delayed draw 

period to December 31, 2023. 

The maturity date for each loan will be set by CoBank and will match the weighted average maturity of the 

certain receivables financed.  

Interest on the loans accrues at a fixed annual interest rate to be quoted by CoBank.     

The Receivables Credit Facility contains customary events of termination, representations and warranties, 

affirmative and negative covenants and events of default customary for facilities of this type. 

F-42 

 
 
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $46.2 million outstanding, of which $6.2 million was current, and 

$22.3 million of availability under the Receivables Credit Facility.  The Company capitalized $0.8 million of fees 
associated with the Receivables Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $0.6 million were 
unamortized as of December 31, 2022.   

Sacred Wind Term Debt 

In connection with the Sacred Wind acquisition completed on November 7, 2022, the Company assumed 

$31.6 million of term debt (the ‘Sacred Wind Term Debt”) with the United States of America acting through the 
Administrator of the Rural Utilities Service (“RUS”). The loan agreements are dated as of October 23, 2006 and 
March 17, 2016. RUS provides financial assistance in the form of loans under Rural Electrification Act of 1936 to 
furnish or improve telecommunications and/or broadband services in rural areas. 

The Sacred Wind term debt is secured by substantially all assets and an underlying mortgage to the United 

States of America. These mortgage notes are to be repaid in equal monthly installments covering principal and interest 
beginning after date of issue and expiring by 2035. 

The Sacred Wind Term Debt contains certain restrictions on the declaration or payment of dividends, 

redemption of capital stock or investment in affiliated companies without the consent by the RUS noteholders. The 
agreements also contain a financial covenant which Sacred Wind Enterprises was not in compliance with as of 
December 31, 2021. The Company submitted a corrective action plan to comply with the financial covenant as of 
December 31, 2025. On May 5, 2022, the company’s corrective action plan was accepted by the RUS. As of 
December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with the plan. 

As of December 31, 2022, $31.4 million was outstanding under the Sacred Wind Term Debt.  Of that amount, 

$3.2 million was current and $28.2 million was long term. 

Viya Debt 

The Company, and certain of our subsidiaries, have entered into a $60.0 million loan agreement (the “Viya 

Debt”) with Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (“RTFC”).  The Viya Debt agreement contains customary 
representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants (including limitations on additional debt, guaranties, 
sale of assets and liens) and a financial covenant that limits the maximum ratio of indebtedness to annual operating cash 
flow to 3.5 to 1.0 (the “Net Leverage Ratio”).   This covenant is tested on an annual basis at the end of each fiscal 
year.  Interest is paid quarterly at a fixed rate of 4.0% per annum and principal repayment is not required until maturity 
on July 1, 2026.  Prepayment of the Viya Debt may be subject to a fee under certain circumstances.  The debt is secured 
by certain assets of our Viya subsidiaries and is guaranteed by us.   

The Company paid a fee of $0.9 million in 2016 to lock the interest rate at 4% per annum over the term of the 

Viya Debt.  The fee was recorded as a reduction to the Viya Debt carrying amount and is being amortized over the life of 
the loan.  

As of December 31, 2022, $60.0 million of the Viya Debt remained outstanding and $0.3 million of the rate 

lock fee was unamortized. 

On May 5, 2022, RTFC agreed to amend the Net Leverage Ratio to 7.0 to 1.0 through the maturity date of 

July 1, 2026. The Company was in compliance with the Net Leverage Ratio as of December 31, 2022. 

One Communications Debt 

F-43 

The Company had an outstanding loan from HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited (the “One Communications Debt”) 

which matured and was repaid in full on December 22, 2022. This loan bore interest at the one-month LIBOR plus a 
margin ranging between 2.5% to 2.75% per annum paid quarterly. 

 9. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT AND SPECTRUM PROGRAMS 

Universal Service Fund and Connect America Fund Phase II Programs 

The Company recognizes revenue from several government funded programs including the Universal Service 

Fund (“USF”), a subsidy program managed by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), and the Alaska 
Universal Service Fund (“AUSF”), a similar program managed by the Regulatory Commission of Alaska (the “RCA”). 
USF funds are disbursed to telecommunication providers through four programs: the High Cost Program; the Low 
Income Program (“Lifeline Program”); the Schools and Libraries Program (“E-Rate Program”); and the Rural Health 
Care Support Program.   

The Company also recognizes revenue from the Connect America Fund Phase II program (“CAF II”) which 

offers subsidies to carriers to expand broadband coverage in designated areas. Under CAF II, the Company’s US 
Telecom segment will receive an aggregate of $27.4 million annually through December 2025 and an aggregate of 
$7.7 million annually from January 2026 through July 2028. 

Both the USF and CAF II programs are subject to certain operational and reporting compliance requirements. 

The Company believes it is in compliance with these requirements as of December 31, 2022. 

F-44 

 
 
The Company recorded the amounts below as communication services revenue for the reported periods:     

High cost support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CAF II  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RDOF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

High cost support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CAF II  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

High cost support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CAF II  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Year ended  
December 31, 2022 
International 
Telecom 

US Telecom 

4,459
27,264
1,954
26,656
60,333

$

$

 7,862   $ 
 —  
 —  
 52  
 7,914   $ 

Year ended  
December 31, 2021 
International 
Telecom 

US Telecom 

2,449
16,330
13,963
32,742

$

$

 13,907   $ 
 —  
 —  
 13,907   $ 

Year ended  
December 31, 2020 
International 
Telecom 

US Telecom 

1,244
7,594
9,984
18,822

$

$

 16,361   $ 
 —  
 —  
 16,361   $ 

$

$

$

$

$

$

Total  

12,321
27,264
1,954
26,708
68,247

Total  

16,356
16,330
13,963
46,649

Total  

17,605
7,594
9,984
35,183

In 2018, the FCC initiated a proceeding to replace the High Cost Program support received by Viya in the US 

Virgin Islands with a new Connect USVI Fund. On November 16, 2020, the FCC announced that Viya was not the 
recipient of the Connect USVI Fund award and authorized funding to be issued to the new awardee in June 2021. 
Pursuant to the terms of the program and effective in July 2021, Viya’s annual USF support was reduced from 
$16.4 million to $10.9 million. In July 2022, this support was reduced again to $5.5 million for the annual period through 
June 2023. As the program currently stands, Viya will not receive High Cost Program support subsequent to June 2023.  

RDOF (“Rural Digital Opportunities Fund”) 

The Company expects to receive approximately $20.1 million over 10 years to provide broadband and voice 

coverage to over 10,000 households in the United States (not including Alaska) under the 2020 Rural Digital 
Opportunity Fund Phase I Auction (“RDOF”). 

Construction Grants 

The Company has also been awarded construction grants to build network connectivity for eligible 

communities. The funding of these grants, used to reimburse the Company for its construction costs, is generally 
distributed upon completion of a project. Completion deadlines begin in June 2023 and once these projects are 
constructed, the Company 

F-45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
     
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
is obligated to provide service to the participants. The Company expects to meet all requirements associated with these 
grants.  A roll forward of the Company’s grant awards is below (in thousands). 

Grants awarded, December 31, 2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cancelled grants  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grants awarded, December 31, 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 

$ 

Amount 

 11,067
 73,384
 (4,254)
 80,197

In addition, the Company partners with tribal governments to obtain grants under the Tribal Broadband 

Connectivity Program ("TBCP").  The TBCP is a program administered by the National Telecommunications and 
Information Administration to deploy broadband connectivity on tribal lands.  The Company was identified as a sub 
recipient of TBCP grants totaling $145.5 million as of December 31, 2022.   

CARES Act 

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had received $16.3 million of funding under the Coronavirus Aid, 

Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) to construct network infrastructure within the Company’s US 
Telecom segment. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company received an additional $2.4 million of 
funding for the same purpose. The construction was completed as of December 31, 2021 and $18.4 million of the 
funding was recorded as a reduction to property, plant and equipment with a subsequent reduction to depreciation 
expense. The remaining $0.3 million was recorded as a reduction to operating expense in the year ended December 31, 
2021. 

CBRS Auction 

During the third quarter of 2020, the Company participated in the FCC’s Citizens Broadband Radio Service 

(CBRS) auction for Priority Access Licenses (PALs) in the 3.5 GHz spectrum band. These PALs are licensed on a 
county-by-county basis and are awarded for a 10-year renewable term. The Company was a winning bidder for PALs 
located strategically throughout the United States at a total net cost of $19.3 million. In connection with the awarded 
licenses, the Company will have to achieve certain CBRS spectrum build out obligations. The Company currently 
expects to comply with all applicable requirements related to these licenses. 

10. EQUITY 

Common Stock  

The Company has paid quarterly dividends on its Common Stock since January 1999. 

Treasury Stock 

On September 19, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of 
its Common Stock, from time to time, on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the “2016 Repurchase 
Plan”).  As of December 31, 2022, the Company has $19.5 million available to be repurchased under the 2016 
Repurchase Plan. 

F-46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company repurchased the following shares 

under the 2016 Repurchase Plan: 

Year ended December 31,  
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shares 

  Aggregate Cost   
    Repurchased     (in thousands)     Repurchase Price
 39.70
941,523
 43.08
10,546
 50.97
6,589

23,714
244,798
129,273

Average 

$ 

$

During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company repurchased the following shares 

from employees to satisfy tax withholding and stock options exercise obligations incurred in connection with the vesting 
of restricted stock awards and the exercise of stock options: 

Year ended December 31,  
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stock-Based Compensation 

Shares 

  Aggregate Cost   
    Repurchased     (in thousands)     Repurchase Price
 35.01
 51.49
 53.78

33,401
33,271
32,227

1,169
1,713
1,733

Average 

$ 

$

The Company reserved 2,000,000 shares for the grant of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock 

units, stock equivalents and awards of shares of Common Stock that are not subject to restrictions or forfeiture.  As of 
December 31, 2022, the Company has approximately 272,000 shares available for grants. 

F-47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock Options 

Stock options have a term of 10 years and vest annually and ratably over a period of four years. 

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: 

Year Ended December 31, 2022 

  Weighted Average   
Remaining 
  Number of   Weighted Avg.
Contractual 
     Options       Exercise Price      Term (Years) 

  Aggregate 
    Intrinsic Value

Outstanding at January 1, 2022  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outstanding at December 31, 2022  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2022 . . . . . . . . .
Exercisable at December 31, 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

5,000
—
—
(5,000)
—
—
—
—

71.43
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

 —   $
 —   $
 —   $

—
—
—

Year Ended December 31, 2021 

  Weighted Average   
Remaining 
Contractual 
  Number of   Weighted Avg.
     Options       Exercise Price      Term (Years) 

  Aggregate 
    Intrinsic Value

Outstanding at January 1, 2021  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outstanding at December 31, 2021  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2021 . . . . . . . . .

$

15,000
—
—
—
(10,000)
5,000
5,000

49.34
—
—
—
38.30
71.43
71.43

 3.7   $
 3.7   $

—
—

The following table summarizes information relating to options granted and exercised during the years ended 

December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands, except fair value of options granted data): 

Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash proceeds received upon exercise of options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ — $
—  

     2022      

2021 

 84   $ 

      2020 
 —
 —

 383  

The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s 

closing Common Stock price on December 31st and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of the in-the-money 
stock options) that would have been received by the stock option holders had all stock options holders exercised their 
stock options on December 31st. The amount of aggregate intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of 
the Company’s Common Stock. 

The Company has not granted any options since 2017.  The Company did not recognize any compensation 

expense during the three years ended December 31, 2022 related to granted options. 

F-48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted Stock 

Restricted stock issued under the 2008 Equity Investment Plan vests over four years. 

The following table summarizes restricted stock activity during the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: 

Unvested as of January 1, 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vested and issued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unvested as of December 31, 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unvested as of January 1, 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vested and issued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unvested as of December 31, 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  Weighted Avg.

Shares 
228,068  $ 
152,430 
(12,486) 
(107,515) 
260,497  $ 

     Fair Value 
 51.05
 38.59
 46.52
 51.33
 43.86

  Weighted Avg. 

     Shares 

223,623 
117,794 
(14,213)
(99,136)
228,068 

 $ 

      Fair Value 
 54.42
 48.76
 50.86
 55.95
 51.05

 $ 

In connection with the grant of restricted shares, the Company recognized $6.8 million, $5.4 million and 

$5.6 million of compensation expense within its income statements for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 
2020, respectively.  The Company recognized $0.6 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million of compensation expense 
within its income statement for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, for shares of the 
Company’s subsidiaries granted to the management team of those subsidiaries. 

The unvested shares as of December 31, 2022 represent $7.9 million in unamortized stock based compensation 

which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years. 

F-49 

 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
Performance Based Stock 

Performance stock, issued under the 2008 Equity Investment Plan, vests on the third anniversary of the grant 

date.   

2021: 

The following table summarizes performance stock activity during the year ended December 31, 2022 and 

Unvested as of January 1, 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vested and issued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unvested as of December 31, 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unvested as of January 1, 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vested and issued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unvested as of December 31, 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  Weighted Avg.

     Shares       Fair Value 
 59.77
 47.03
—
—
 52.54

43,000  $ 
56,450 
— 
— 
99,450  $ 

  Weighted Avg. 

 $ 

     Shares        Fair Value 
—
59.77
—
—
59.77

— 
43,000 
— 
— 
43,000 

 $ 

During the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $1.5 million, $0.7 million 

and zero compensation expense, respectively.  All 99,450 shares remained unvested as of December 31, 2022 and 
represent $3.0 million in unamortized stock based compensation as of that date which will be recognized ratably over the 
next 1.9 years. 

F-50 

 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
11. INCOME TAXES      

The components of income before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as 

follows (in thousands): 

Domestic  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

2022 
2021 
(37,777) $ (38,407)   $  (17,689)
   17,782
29,721
15,720  
93
(8,056) $ (22,687)   $ 

2020 

The following is a reconciliation from the tax computed at statutory income tax rates to the Company’s income 

tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): 

2022 

2021 

2020 

$ (1,681) $ (4,760)  $ 

844
(6,525)
(437)
2,111
—
134
4,052
(1,126)
2,117
84
696
(742)
(473) $ (1,878)  $ 

 (158) 
(4,520) 
 (78) 
1,429  
 —  
 898  
2,524  
(1,399) 
3,575  
 101  
 510  
—  

 20
 (851)
 1,866
 (520)
   1,098
  (3,064)
 —
 2,148
 (409)
 33
 84
 406
 (10)
 801

$

Tax computed at statutory US federal income tax rates . . . . . . .
Noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign tax rate differential  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over (under) provided in prior periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondeductible expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Benefit Attributable CARES Act  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Capitalized transactions costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in tax reserves  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State Taxes, net of federal benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in valuation allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investment Tax Credit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred income tax revaluation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Income Tax Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F-51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The components of income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as 

follows (in thousands): 

\ 

Current: 

United States—Federal  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
United States—State  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total current income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deferred: 

United States—Federal  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
United States—State  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) . . . . . . . .

Consolidated: 

United States—Federal  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
United States—State  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total income tax expense (benefit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2022 

2021 

2020 

302
20
6,657
6,979

$

$

 460   $ 
 2  
4,272  
4,734   $ 

 504
 3
 7,611
 8,118

(4,527) $ (5,800)  $   (6,527)
 (413)
(1,402) 
(1,895)
(1,030)
 (377)
 590  
(7,452) $ (6,612)  $   (7,317)

(4,225) $ (5,340)  $   (6,023)
 (410)
(1,400) 
(1,875)
 7,234
4,862  
5,627
 801
(473) $ (1,878)  $ 

$

$

$

$

$

$

The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows as of December 31, 2022 and 

2021 (in thousands): 

Deferred tax assets: 

Accounts receivable and inventory allowances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basis in investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred revenue  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employee benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other, net  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net operating losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating lease liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total deferred tax asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2022 

2021 

$

2,567   $ 
4,387  
7,063  
27,526  
6,690  
6,892  
63,713  
2,995  
24,451  
146,284  

 2,348
 6,939
 8,619
    27,940
 8,454
 968
   41,117
 1,916
   31,207
   129,508

Deferred tax liabilities: 

Acquired intangible assets, property and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Right-of-use asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepaid expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total deferred tax liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

106,529  
27,796  
197  
134,522  

 83,423
 29,967
 189
   113,579

Valuation allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(35,759) 

   (33,642)

Net deferred tax liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ (23,997)  $  (17,713)

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as follows (in 

thousands): 

F-52 

 
 
 
 
    
    
    
 
   
  
  
 
   
  
  
 
   
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
   
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
Deferred tax assets: 

Long term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total deferred tax asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deferred tax liabilities: 

Long term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total deferred tax liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net deferred tax liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2022 

2021 

4,653   $ 
4,653   $ 

 3,747
 3,747

(28,650)  $  (21,460)
(28,650)  $  (21,460)
(23,997)  $  (17,713)

$
$

$
$
$

The Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was 5.9% and 8.3%, 

respectively.   

The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily impacted by the following items:  

(i) a $4.1 million net increase of unrecognized tax positions, (ii) a $2.1 million net increase for permanently non-
deductible expenses, (iii) a $2.1 million net increase related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets 
and (iv) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates along with the exclusion of 
losses in jurisdictions where valuation allowances have been established for deferred tax assets as required by ASC 
740-270-30-36(a). 

The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily impacted by the following items:  
(i) a $0.9 million provision related to certain transactional charges incurred in connection with acquisitions for which 
there is no tax benefit, (ii) a $2.5 million net increase of unrecognized tax positions, (iii) a $1.7 million net increase for 
permanently non-deductible expenses, and (iv) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the 
Company operates along with the exclusion of losses in jurisdictions where valuation allowances have been established 
for deferred tax assets as required by ASC 740-270-30-36(a), primarily in the US Virgin Islands. 

As of December 31, 2022, the Company estimated that it generated gross federal, state and foreign net operating 
loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of $134.6 million, $121.5 million and $126.8 million respectively.  Of these, $122.4 million 
will expire between 2029 and 2042 and $260.5 million may be carried forward indefinitely. 

The Company assesses available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income 

will be generated to realize the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of negative evidence evaluated is 
cumulative losses incurred in certain reporting jurisdictions over the three-year period ended December 31, 2022.  Other 
negative evidence examined includes, but is not limited to, losses expected in early future years, a history of tax benefits 
expiring unused, uncertainties whose unfavorable resolution would adversely affect future results, and brief carryback, 
carry forward periods.  On the basis of this evaluation, the Company believed it was more likely than not that the benefit 
from some of these federal, state, and foreign deferred taxes would not be realized.  

In recognition of this risk at December 31, 2022 the Company has provided a valuation allowance against 
certain domestic and foreign deferred tax assets of $35.8 million. The valuation allowance primarily relates to foreign net 
operating losses, with the remaining amount applicable to other net deferred tax assets which the Company does not 
expect to be able to realize.   

As of December 31, 2022 the Company had an estimated $172.3 million of undistributed earnings attributable 

to foreign subsidiaries for which no provision for state income taxes or foreign withholding taxes have been made 
because it is expected that such earnings will be reinvested outside the U.S. indefinitely unless repatriation can be done 
substantially tax-free. The Company will generally be free of additional U.S. federal tax consequences on distributed 
foreign subsidiary earnings due to a dividends received deduction implemented as part of the Tax Act for earnings 
distributed after January 1, 2018.  Additionally, due to the one-time transition tax on the deemed repatriation of 
post-1986 undistributed foreign subsidiary earnings, the majority of previously unremitted earnings have already been 
subjected to U.S. federal income tax.  The Company continues to assert indefinite reinvestment on outside basis 
differences in our non-U.S. subsidiaries, additionally any determination of the amount of the unrecognized deferred tax

F-53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
     
 
   
 
   
 
liability on outside basis differences is not practicable because of the complexity of laws and regulations, the varying tax 
treatment of alternative repatriation scenarios and the variation due to multiple potential assumptions relating to the 
timing of any future repatriation.  

The Company had unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalty) of $48.6 million as of 

December 31, 2022, $51.3 million as of December 31, 2021 and $40.8 million as of December 31, 2020. The net 
increase of the reserve during the year ended December 31, 2022 was attributable to an increase in tax positions for prior 
periods of $2.3 million, a net increase in tax positions for the current period of $5.1 million, a net decrease in tax 
positions acquired as part of a business combination of $6.8 million and partially offset by a lapse in statute of a prior 
year position of $3.3 million. 

The following shows the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits (not including interest and penalty) during 

the three years ended December 31, 2022 (in thousands): 

Gross unrecognized uncertain tax benefits at December 31, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       $
Increase in unrecognized tax benefits taken during a prior period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Increase in unrecognized tax benefits taken during the current period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
Lapse in statute of limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Gross unrecognized uncertain tax benefits at December 31, 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    $
Increase in unrecognized tax benefits taken during a prior period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Increase in unrecognized tax benefits taken during the current period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
Increase in unrecognized tax benefits acquired as part of a business combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
Lapse in statute of limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Gross unrecognized uncertain tax benefits at December 31, 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    $
Increase in unrecognized tax benefits taken during a prior period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Increase in unrecognized tax benefits taken during the current period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Increase in unrecognized tax benefits acquired as part of a business combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Lapse in statute of limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Gross unrecognized uncertain tax benefits at December 31, 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    $

32,682
—
2,964
(1,768)
—
33,878
(216)
3,880
8,275
(2,103)
—
43,714
—
5,080
(6,825)
(2,050)
—
39,919

The Company’s accounting policy is to classify interest and penalties related to income tax matters as part of 

income tax expense. The accrued amounts for interest and penalties are $8.7 million as of December 31, 2022, 
$7.6 million as of December 31, 2021, and $6.9 million as of December 31, 2020. 

Of the $48.6 million of gross unrecognized uncertain tax benefits (including interest and penalty), 

$47.1 million, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. 

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the US and in various, state and local and foreign 

jurisdictions. The statute of limitations related to the consolidated US federal income tax return is closed for all tax years 
up to and including 2017.  The expiration of the statute of limitations related to the various state and foreign income tax 
returns that the Company and subsidiaries file varies by jurisdiction. 

F-54 

 
 
 
12.  RETIREMENT PLANS  

The Company has noncontributory defined benefit pension plans as well as noncontributory postretirement 
benefit plans offering defined medical, dental, vision, and life benefits for certain of its employees.  The Company’s 
pension and other postretirement benefit plans are closed to new participants and only grandfathered participants 
continue to accrue additional benefits.  Also, in 2020 the Company began the process of winding up one of its benefit 
plans.  The Company reviews the funded status of its pension plans and makes contributions based on that analysis.  The 
benefits are based on the participants’ compensation during their employment and the credited service years earned by 
participants.  The Company funds the other postretirement benefit plans as benefits are paid. 

The weighted-average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations for the pension and other postretirement 

benefit plans are as follows as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020: 

Discount Rate – Pension Benefit Obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discount Rate – Pension Benefit Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discount Rate – Postretirement Benefit Obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discount Rate – Postretirement Benefit Cost  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expected long-term return on plan assets  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

      2022 

      2021 

      2020

5.4 %    2.9 %   2.6 %
2.9 % 
2.6 % 3.5 %
5.4 %    2.8 %   2.5 %
2.5 % 3.5 %
2.8 % 
5.2 %    5.3 %   5.1 %

The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets was determined based on several factors including input 

from pension investment consultants, projected long-term returns of equity and bond indices, and historical returns over 
the life of the related obligations of the fund. The Company, in conjunction with its pension investment consultants, 
reviews its asset allocation periodically and rebalances its investments when appropriate in an effort to earn the expected 
long-term returns. The Company will continue to evaluate its long-term rate of return assumptions at least annually and 
will adjust them as necessary. 

The annual salary increase assumption is no longer applicable as the plan participants no longer accrue 

additional service.   

The discount rate was determined based on a review of market data including yields on high quality corporate 

bonds with maturities approximating the remaining life of the project benefit obligations. 

F-55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The other postretirement benefit plans healthcare cost trend assumptions is based on health care trend rates.  

The 2022 assumed medical health care cost trend rate is 8% trending to an ultimate rate of 4% in 2074.  The 2022  
assumed dental care cost trend rate is 18% trending to an ultimate rate of 4% in 2074.   

Changes during the year in the projected benefit obligations and in the fair value of plan assets are as follows 

for 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): 

2022 

2021 

Pension 
Benefits 

Postretirement 
Benefits 

Pension 
Benefits 

Postretirement 
Benefits 

Projected benefit obligations: 

Balance at beginning of year:  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alaska acquisition  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Benefits and settlements paid  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Actuarial (gain) loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Settlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at end of year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Plan net assets: 

Balance at beginning of year:  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alaska acquisition  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Actual return on plan assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Company contributions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Benefits and settlements paid  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at end of year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over/ (Under) funded status of plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 100,624
—
151
2,373
(18,490)
(16,758)
(1,725)
$ 66,175

$ 103,718
—
(13,188)
—
(18,978)
$ 71,552
5,377
$

$

$

$

$
$

5,343 
— 
124 
139 
(396)
(1,586)
— 
3,624 

— 
— 
— 
396 
(396)
— 
(3,624)

 $  88,772    $
 15,399   
 229   
 2,043   
 (4,488) 
 (1,297) 
 (34) 

 $ 100,624    $

 $  89,352    $
 12,147   
 7,246   
 —   
 (5,027) 
 $ 103,718    $
 $  3,094    $

5,510
392
143
127
(390)
(439)
—
5,343

—
—
—
390
(390)
—
(5,343)

The Company reports an asset or liability on its balance sheet equal to the funded status of its pension and other 
postretirement benefit plans.  Plans in an overfunded status are aggregated and recorded as a net pension benefit asset in 
other assets.  Plans in an underfunded status are aggregated and recorded as a net postretirement benefit liability in other 
liabilities.  The funded status of the Company’s pension and other retirement benefit plans is below (in thousands): 

2022 

GTT 
Pension 
Benefit      

Viya 
Pension 
Benefit 

Alaska 
Pension 
Benefit 

Viya 
Postretirement 
Benefits 

Alaska 
Postretirement 
Benefits 

Projected benefit obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plan Net Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over/ (Under) funded status of plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 2,038
2,038

$ 52,832
60,132
$ — $ 7,300

$ 11,305   $ 
9,382  
$ (1,923)  $ 

 3,337   $
 —  
 (3,337)  $

287
—
(287)

2021 

GTT 
Pension 
Benefit 

Viya 
Pension 
Benefit 

Alaska 
Pension 
Benefit 

Viya 
Postretirement 
Benefits 

Alaska 
Postretirement 
Benefits 

Projected benefit obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plan Net Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over/ (Under) funded status of plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 14,788   $ 
12,103  
$ (2,685)  $ 

 4,961   $
 —  
 (4,961)  $

382
—
(382)

$ 15,663
15,663

$ 70,173
75,952
— $ 5,779

$

F-56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
     
    
 
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
   
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
     
    
 
 
   
 
 
The Company’s investment policy for its pension assets is to have a reasonably balanced investment approach, 

with a long-term bias toward debt investments. The Company’s strategy allocates plan assets among equity, debt and 
other assets to achieve long-term returns without significant risk to principal. The pension fund has limitations from 
investing in the equity, debt or other securities of the employer, its subsidiaries or associates of the employer or any 
company of which the employer is a subsidiary or an associate.  

The fair values for the pension plan’s net assets, by asset category, at December 31, 2022 are as follows (in 

thousands):  

Asset Category 
Cash, cash equivalents, money markets and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common stock  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mutual funds - fixed income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mutual funds - equities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed income securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

Total 
7,572   $ 
17,974  
10,732  
5,228  
22,913  
7,133  

      Level 1 
 7,572
 17,974
 10,732
 5,228
 —
 7,133
$ 71,552   $   48,639

$

     Level 2 
—
—
—
—
22,913
—
$ 22,913

The fair values for the pension plan’s net assets, by asset category, at December 31, 2021 are as follows (in 

thousands):  

Asset Category 
Cash, cash equivalents, money markets and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common stock  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mutual funds - fixed income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mutual funds - equities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed income securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total 

     Level 1 
$ 17,908   $  17,908
 28,041
 9,599
 9,299
 —
 6,539
$ 103,718   $  71,386

28,041  
9,599  
9,299  
32,332  
6,539  

$

     Level 2 
—
—
—
—
32,332
—
$ 32,332

The plan’s weighted-average asset allocations at December 31, 2022 and 2021, by asset category are as follows: 

Cash, cash equivalents, money markets and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
Common stock  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Mutual funds - fixed income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Mutual funds - equities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Fixed income securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    

 11 %  
 25  
 15  
 7  
 32  
 10  
 100 %  

17 %
28
9
9
31
6
100 %

      2022 

2021 

F-57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
Amounts recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets consist of (in thousands): 

As of December 31, 

2022 

2021 

     Pension 
benefits 

Postretirement 
benefits 

Pension 
benefits 

Postretirement 
benefits 

Accrued and current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax . . .

$

— $

1,923
7,303
6,191

294
3,068
—
1,589

$

$ 

 —  
 2,687  
    5,780  
 4,419  

370
4,616
—
27

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income consist of (in thousands): 

As of December 31, 

2022 

2021 

Pension 
benefits 

Postretirement 
benefits 

Pension 
benefits 

Postretirement 
benefits 

Unrecognized net actuarial gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accumulated other comprehensive income, pre-tax . . . . .
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax . . . .

$

$

6,268
6,268
6,191 

1,614
1,614
1,589

$

$ 

 3,547  
 3,547  
  4,419   

28
28
27

F-58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
    
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
    
    
     
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Components of the plan’s net periodic pension cost are as follows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 

and 2020 (in thousands): 

Operating expense 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Pension 
benefits 

Postretirement 
benefits 

Pension 
benefits 

Postretirement 
benefits 

Pension 
benefits 

Postretirement 
benefits 

Service cost . . . . . . . . . .    $

 151 

$

124

$

229

$

143

$

 439 

$

Non-operating expense 

Interest cost . . . . . . . . . .   
Expected return on  
plan assets . . . . . . . . . . .   
Amortization of 
actuarial (gain) loss  . . .   
Settlement . . . . . . . . . . .   
Net periodic pension cost .    $

 2,373 

 (3,814)

 — 
 1,725 
 435 

$

139

—

—
—
263

2,043

(3,366)

127

 2,585 

—  

 (3,060)

—
34
(1,060) $

$

—  
—  
$

270

 — 
 89 
 53 

$

139

163

—

(11)
—
291

The Company is currently evaluating whether it will make any contributions to its pension and postretirement 

benefit plans during the year ending December 31, 2022. 

The following estimated benefits, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid 

over the next 10 years as indicated below (in thousands): 

Fiscal Year 
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2026 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2027 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2027-2031 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

     Pension       Postretirement

Benefits    
$ 6,898   $ 
5,379  
4,816  
4,922  
5,099  
23,805  
$ 50,919   $ 

Benefits 

 302
 322
 341
 253
 279
 1,465
 2,962

F-59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
    
 
 
 
     
 
    
     
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multi-employer Defined Benefit Plan  

Certain employees of the Company’s US Telecom participate in the Alaska Electrical Pension Plan (“AEPF”). 

The Company pays the AEPF a contractual hourly amount based on employee classification or base compensation.  As a 
multi-employer defined benefit plan, the accumulated benefits and plan assets are not determined for, or allocated 
separately to, the individual employer.  

The following table provides additional information about the AEPF multi-employer pension plan. 

Plan name 
Number of employees covered 
Pension Protection Act zone status at the plan's year-end: 

Alaska Electrical Pension Plan 
505 

December 31, 2022 
December 31, 2021 

Plan subject to funding improvement plan 
Plan subject to rehabilitation plan 
Employer subject to contribution surcharge 
Company contributions to the plan for the year ended: 

December 31, 2022 
December 31, 2021 

Name and expiration date of collective bargaining agreements 
requiring contributions to the plan: 

Collective Bargaining Agreement Between Alaska 
Communications Systems and Local Union 1547 IBEW 
Outside Agreement Alaska Electrical Construction 
between 
Local Union 1547 IBEW and Alaska Chapter National 
Electrical Contractors Association Inc. 
Inside Agreement Alaska Electrical Construction between
Local Union 1547 IBEW and Alaska Chapter National 
Electrical Contractors Association Inc. 

Green 
Green 
No 
No 
No 

 $ 6.6 million  
 $ 3.1 million  

December 31, 2023 

June 30, 2022 

October 31, 2022 

The Company’s contributions to the plan in 2022 and 2021 represent greater than 5% of the total contributions 

to the plan.  The Company cannot accurately project any change in the plan status in future years given the uncertainty of 
economic conditions or the effect of actuarial valuations versus actual performance in the market.  Minimum required 
future contributions to the AEPF are subject to the number of employees in each classification and base compensation of 
employees in future years. 

F-60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES   

Regulatory and Litigation Matters 

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to certain regulatory and legal proceedings and other claims 

arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which involve claims for damages and taxes that are substantial in 
amount. Historically, the Company’s subsidiary, GTT, has been subject to other long-standing litigation proceedings and 
disputes in Guyana that have not yet been resolved. The Company believes that, except for the items discussed below, 
for which the Company is currently unable to predict the final outcome, the disposition of matters currently pending will 
not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. 

Beginning in 2006, the National Frequency Management Unit (now the Telecommunications Agency , or the 
“NFMU/TA”) and GTT have been engaged in discussions regarding the amount of and methodology for calculation of 
spectrum fees payable by GTT in Guyana. Since that time, GTT has made payments of, undisputed spectrum fees as 
amounts invoiced by the NFMU/TA. There have been limited further discussions on the subject of a revised spectrum 
fee methodology with the Telecommunications Agency and GTT awaits the determination of such fees. 

On May 8, 2009, a GTT competitor, Digicel, filed a lawsuit in Guyana challenging the legality of GTT’s 

exclusive license rights under Guyana’s constitution and GTT intervened in the suit in order to oppose Digicel’s claims. 
The case remains pending. The Company believes that any legal challenge to GTT’s exclusive license rights granted in 
1990 is without merit and the Company continues to defend vigorously against such legal challenge. 

GTT has filed several lawsuits in the High Court of Guyana asserting that, despite its denials, Digicel is 

engaged in international bypass in violation of GTT’s exclusive license rights, the interconnection agreement between 
the parties, and the laws of Guyana. Digicel filed counterclaims alleging that GTT has violated the terms of the 
interconnection agreement and Guyana laws. These suits, filed in 2010 and 2012, have been consolidated with Digicel’s 
constitutional challenge described above, however, the Company cannot accurately predict at this time when the 
consolidated suit will reach a court of final determination. 

GTT is also involved in several legal claims regarding its tax filings with the Guyana Revenue Authority (the 

“GRA”) dating back to 1991 regarding the deductibility of intercompany advisory fees as well as other tax assessments. 
GTT’s position has been upheld by various High Court rulings made in its favor including most recently in 
December 2021, when an assessment relating to 2010-2016 was quashed and declared to have no legal effect.  GTT has 
maintained that it has no unpaid corporation tax due to the GRA and that any liability GTT might be found to have with 
respect to the disputed tax assessments, as alleged by the GRA in the aggregate amount of $32 million net of interest, 
would be offset in part by the amounts necessary to ensure that GTT’s return on investment was no less than 15% per 
annum for the relevant periods. Several High Court rulings in the favor of GTT have been appealed by the GRA and the 
Company believes that some adverse outcome in these or pending unheard matters could occur. 

On May 20, 2021, the Company was served with a notice of application for enforcement of a foreign judgment 
with respect to a matter brought by the Trinidad & Tobago Electric Commission (“TTEC”) in the High Court of Justice 
in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago in August 2013 against GTT and other defendants, alleging breach of contract 
due to GTT’s failure to pay TTEC in connection with amounts alleged to be owed as reimbursement for cable repair 
costs. In December 2022, GTT settled this matter with TTEC. 

In February 2020, the Company’s Alaska Communications subsidiary received a draft audit report from USAC 
in connection with USAC’s inquiry into Alaska Communications’ funding requests under the Rural Health Care Support 
Program for certain customers for the time period of July 2012 through June 2017. The draft audit report alleges 
violations of the FCC’s rules for establishing rural rates and urban rates, the provisioning and billing of ineligible 
services and products, and violations of the FCC’s competitive bidding rules.  Alaska Communications has provided 
USAC with extensive comments in response to its draft audit report seeking correction of numerous factual and legal 
errors that it believed it had identified. As a result of these conversations and comments being submitted by Alaska 
Communications, USAC’s auditors may revise their findings, including the amounts they recommend USAC seek to 
recover. USAC’s 

F-61 

 
auditors are expected to issue a final audit report incorporating Alaska Communications’ responses that will be sent to 
USAC’s Rural Health Care Division to review and determine if corrective action would be appropriate. In the event that 
the Company disagrees with USAC’s final audit report, the Company can appeal that decision to USAC’s Rural Health 
Care Division and/or the FCC. At this time, the Company cannot predict the contents or timing of the final USAC audit 
report, the outcome of the audit or the impact on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or 
liquidity.  

Alaska Communications also received a Letter of Inquiry on March 18, 2018, and subsequent follow up 

information requests, from the FCC Enforcement Bureau requesting historical information regarding Alaska 
Communications’ participation in the FCC’s Rural Health Care Support Program. The Company is engaged in 
discussions with the FCC’s Enforcement Bureau and will continue to work constructively to provide it the information it 
is seeking. Any adverse outcome with respect to the FCC Enforcement Bureau’s inquiry may have an adverse impact the 
Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. 

With respect to all of the foregoing matters, the Company believes that some adverse outcome is probable and 

has accordingly accrued $14.7 million as of December 31, 2022 for these and other potential liabilities arising in various 
claims, legal actions and regulatory proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company also faces 
contingencies that are reasonably possible to occur that cannot currently be estimated. It is the Company’s policy to 
expense costs associated with loss contingencies, including any related legal fees, as they are incurred. 

Other Obligations 

The Company has obligations under non-cancellable contracts for network facilities and transport services, 

agreements for software licensing, as well as certain agreements to purchase goods or services. Future minimum 
payments required under these commitments are as follows at December 31, 2022 (in thousands): 

2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        $   92,712
 61,809
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        
 61,979
2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        
 26,811
2026 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        
 24,314
2026 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .          106,535
Total obligations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      $  374,160

14. SEGMENT REPORTING 

Through December 31, 2022, the Company has the following three reportable and operating segments: i) US 

Telecom, ii) International Telecom, and iii) Renewable Energy. 

F-62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
The following tables provide information for each operating segment (in thousands): 

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 
International      

US 
Telecom 

     Renewable      Corporate and       
  Energy (1)  

Other (2) 

  Consolidated

$

1,228
6,359
7,587
126,735
78,338
205,073
128,864
46
341,570
15,762

—
12,832
12,832
370,164
75,020
11,444
387
(5,655)

$

—   $ 
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—
—

$

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(801)

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 3,549 
 — 
 6,779 
 (37,613)

16,058
93,960
110,018
196,638
241,746
438,384
142,323
1,496
692,221
15,762

—
17,762
17,762
725,745
135,137
13,016
7,406
7,942

Revenue 
Communication Services 

Mobility - Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mobility - Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed - Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed - Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Fixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carrier Services  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Communication Services Revenue . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other 

Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Managed Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Other Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depreciation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions  . .
Non-cash stock-based compensation  . . . . . . . . . .
Operating income (loss)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

Telecom 

14,830
87,601
102,431
69,903
163,408
233,311
13,459
1,450
350,651
—

—
4,930
4,930
355,581
56,568
1,572
240
52,011

F-63 

 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 

International      

Telecom 

US 
Telecom 

     Renewable      Corporate and       
  Energy (1)  

Other (2) 

  Consolidated

Revenue 
Communication Services 

Mobility - Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mobility - Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed - Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed - Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Fixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carrier Services  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Communication Services Revenue . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other 

Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Managed Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Other Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depreciation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions  .
Non-cash stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . .
Operating income (loss)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

6,983
86,384
93,367
67,458
166,005
233,463
9,937
946
337,713
—

—
—
5,146
5,146
342,859
53,858
1,648
128
33,899

$

1,402
7,532
8,934
53,283
41,897
95,180
107,793
—
211,907
35,889

—
—
11,635
11,635
259,431
43,604
6,127
271
(14,016)

$

—   $ 
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  

$

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

—  
417  
—  

417
417
188
—
22
(2,459)

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 5,081 
 — 
 6,160 
 (32,450)

8,385
93,916
102,301
120,741
207,902
328,643
117,730
946
549,620
35,889

—
417
16,781
17,198
602,707
102,731
7,775
6,581
(15,026)

F-64 

 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 

     International     
Telecom 

US 
Telecom 

     Renewable      Corporate and       

Energy (1)   

Other (2) 

  Consolidated

Revenue 
Communication Services 

Mobility - Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mobility - Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed - Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed - Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Fixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carrier Services  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Communication Services Revenue . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other 

Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Managed Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Other Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depreciation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions  . .
Non-cash stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . .
Operating income (loss)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

4,319
78,817
83,136
67,776
162,599
230,375
7,120
1,535
322,166
—

—
6,467
6,467
328,633
54,477
1,807
49
58,924

$

404
9,222
9,626
10,237
12,032
22,269
79,448
—
111,343
10,913

—
—
—
122,256
23,325
—
15
7,971

$

—   $ 
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
— 
— 

$

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

4,555 
— 
4,555 
4,555 
2,216 
— 
262 
(23,749)

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 6,486 
 — 
 5,586 
 (33,966)

4,723
88,039
92,762
78,013
174,631
252,644
86,568
1,535
433,509
10,913

4,555
6,467
11,022
455,444
86,504
1,807
5,912
9,180

International  
Telecom 

US 
Telecom 

Renewable  
      Energy (1)      

Corporate and    
Other (2) 

      Consolidated

December 31, 2022 

Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term 
investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    $
Total current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Fixed assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total debt  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   

25,345 
105,324 
462,447 
4,835 
643,664 
86,738 
59,659

December 31, 2021 

Cash, cash equivalents, and  
short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . .    $
Total current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Fixed assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   

Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
Total debt  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   

43,128
108,677
452,856
4,835

630,515
91,090
64,243

$

$

$

$

22,679 
116,038 
585,969 
35,269 
980,543 
119,755 
308,589

28,486
111,741
480,250
35,269

877,041
108,950
240,802

$

$

462 
478 
—
—
14,429 
361 
—

659
3,585
—
—

17,481
356
—

6,474    $
7,848   
7,538   
 —   
69,233   
26,326   
 99,000   

54,960
229,688
1,055,954
40,104
1,707,869
233,180
467,248

 7,628    $
 8,614   
 10,103   
 —   

79,901
232,617
943,209
40,104

 83,567   
 20,548   
 61,499   

1,608,604
220,944
366,544

(1)  See Note 5 for a discussion of the Company’s disposition of its International Solar Business. 

(2)  Reconciling items refer to corporate overhead expenses and consolidating adjustments. 

F-65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31,  
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   

$

International 
Telecom  

Capital Expenditures 

US 
Telecom 

Corporate and  
Other (1) 

Consolidated 

70,385
49,985

$

96,589
53,235

$

 1,045  
 2,922  

$ 

168,019
106,142

(1)  Reconciling items refer to corporate overhead expenses and consolidating adjustments. 

The table below identifies the Company’s revenues and long-lived assets by geographic location.  The 

Company attributes revenue to geographic location based on location of the customer (in thousands): 

2022 

2021 

      Revenues 

Long-Lived 
Assets 

     Revenues 

Long-Lived 
Assets 

2020 
  Long-Lived

      Revenues 

Assets 

US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     $ 
Guyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
US Virgin Islands  . . . . . . . . . . .    
Bermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
Other Foreign Countries . . . . . .    

  $ 

 370,204
 113,816
 93,264
 110,337
 38,124
 725,745

$

927,177
174,719
209,101
100,125
67,058
$ 1,478,180

$ 259,430
108,338
94,310
104,671
35,958
$ 602,707

$

840,251 
152,627 
210,448 
107,885 
64,775 
$ 1,375,986 

$  122,256 
    103,071 
 90,368 
    103,471 
 36,278 
$  455,444 

$ 308,138
141,487
230,630
116,346
47,045
$ 843,646

F-66 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
    
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SCHEDULE II 

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 

VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS 

(Amounts in Thousands) 

     Balance at      Purchase     Charged to       
Price 
  Beginning  

  Costs and  
  Accounting  Expenses    Deductions 

     Balance 
at End 
of Year 

$

$

$

$

$

$

 775   $   9,167
— $
—
 5,613
5,010  
— $ 5,785   $  14,780

$ 31,014
12,121
$ 43,135

— $ 2,628   $ 
—
 3,086
4,850  
— $ 7,478   $   3,086

 — $ 33,642
13,885
$ 47,527

 536
— $ 2,653   $ 
—
 5,409
6,695  
— $ 9,348   $   5,945

$ 35,759
15,171
$ 50,930

YEAR ENDED, December 31, 2020 

Description: 
Valuation allowance on foreign net operating losses  
and other deferred taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YEAR ENDED, December 31, 2021 

Description: 
Valuation allowance on foreign net operating losses  
and other deferred taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YEAR ENDED, December 31, 2022 

Description: 
Valuation allowance on foreign net operating losses  
and other deferred taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

of Year 

$ 39,406
12,724
$ 52,130

$ 31,014
12,121
$ 43,135

$ 33,642
13,885
$ 47,527

F-67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
  
 
 
   
 
   
  
 
 
   
 
   
  
 
  
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