Australia and New Zealand Banking Group
Annual Report 2011

Plain-text annual report

Strength. Momentum. Connectivity. 2011 ANNUAL REPORT BUILDING A BANK OF GLOBAL QUALITY WITH A REGIONAL FOCUS OUR PROGRESS ANZ is the only Australian bank with a clearly articulated strategy to ANZ is the only Australian bank with a clearly articulated strategy to take advantage of Australia and New Zealand’s geographic, business take advantage of Australia and New Zealand’s geographic, business and cultural linkages with Asia, the fastest growing region in the world. and cultural linkages with Asia, the fastest growing region in the world. We have made signifi cant progress in delivering our strategy since We have made signifi cant progress in delivering our strategy since 2007 and today our Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America business represents 2007 and today our Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America business represents 13% of Group profi t up from 7% in 2007. 13% of Group profi t up from 7% in 2007. We have established a leadership team of international bankers We have established a leadership team of international bankers with a breadth of experience and a range of capabilities to grow in with a breadth of experience and a range of capabilities to grow in both our developed home markets and in the emerging markets of both our developed home markets and in the emerging markets of Asia. We created a new business structure in late 2008 focused on our Asia. We created a new business structure in late 2008 focused on our customers and core geographies supported by stronger governance customers and core geographies supported by stronger governance and risk controls suited to our aspirations. and risk controls suited to our aspirations. We have completed a number of strategic acquisitions in Asia, We have completed a number of strategic acquisitions in Asia, Australia and New Zealand which provide us with an enhanced Australia and New Zealand which provide us with an enhanced network, broader product capabilities and more customer network, broader product capabilities and more customer relationships across those three core geographies. relationships across those three core geographies. ANZ’s strategy and our fi nancial strength provides us with the ANZ’s strategy and our fi nancial strength provides us with the opportunity to continue expanding the support we provide to opportunity to continue expanding the support we provide to customers, driving superior long-term growth and diff erentiated customers, driving superior long-term growth and diff erentiated returns, and creating value for our shareholders and the communities returns, and creating value for our shareholders and the communities we work in. we work in. WHO WE ARE AND WHERE WE OPERATE ANZ‘s history of expansion and growth stretches over 175 years. ANZ‘s history of expansion and growth stretches over 175 years. We have a strong franchise in Retail, Commercial and Institutional We have a strong franchise in Retail, Commercial and Institutional banking in our home markets of Australia and New Zealand and we banking in our home markets of Australia and New Zealand and we have been operating in Asia Pacifi c for more than 30 years. have been operating in Asia Pacifi c for more than 30 years. Today, ANZ operates in 32 markets globally. We are the third largest Today, ANZ operates in 32 markets globally. We are the third largest bank in Australia, the largest banking group in New Zealand and the bank in Australia, the largest banking group in New Zealand and the Pacifi c, and among the top 50 banks in the world. Pacifi c, and among the top 50 banks in the world. OUR SUPER REGIONAL STRATEGY We articulated our super regional strategy in late 2007. The rationale We articulated our super regional strategy in late 2007. The rationale behind our strategy is simple – to deliver shareholders long-term behind our strategy is simple – to deliver shareholders long-term growth and diff erentiated returns through connectivity with the growth and diff erentiated returns through connectivity with the growth markets of Asia – returns we do not believe to be available growth markets of Asia – returns we do not believe to be available through a domestic-only strategy. through a domestic-only strategy. Our aspiration is for Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America sourced revenues to Our aspiration is for Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America sourced revenues to drive between 25 and 30% of Group earnings by the end of 2017. drive between 25 and 30% of Group earnings by the end of 2017. Connectivity is at the heart of ANZ’s strategy by being part of the Connectivity is at the heart of ANZ’s strategy by being part of the growth within Asia and supporting the increasing trade, investment growth within Asia and supporting the increasing trade, investment and people links between Asia and our major domestic markets and people links between Asia and our major domestic markets in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacifi c. This is refl ected in the in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacifi c. This is refl ected in the aspiration within our Institutional banking business to build the aspiration within our Institutional banking business to build the world’s best bank for customers driven by trade and capital fl ows world’s best bank for customers driven by trade and capital fl ows in the Asia Pacifi c region, particularly in resources, agribusiness in the Asia Pacifi c region, particularly in resources, agribusiness and infrastructure. and infrastructure. Having grown our Asia Pacifi c business signifi cantly since 2007, ANZ is Having grown our Asia Pacifi c business signifi cantly since 2007, ANZ is now working to realise the full potential of the super regional strategy now working to realise the full potential of the super regional strategy by expanding our geographic footprint while maintaining our strong by expanding our geographic footprint while maintaining our strong domestic franchises, increasing our management bench strength, domestic franchises, increasing our management bench strength, and continuing to focus on strong risk processes in order to build a and continuing to focus on strong risk processes in order to build a balanced exposure to Asia. balanced exposure to Asia. At the same time, we are continuing to invest in our international At the same time, we are continuing to invest in our international technology and operations hubs to support productivity gains across technology and operations hubs to support productivity gains across all our businesses. all our businesses. With the structural shift in the world economy as economic growth With the structural shift in the world economy as economic growth shifts from the West to the East, we believe we are in the right part shifts from the West to the East, we believe we are in the right part of the world, with the right strategy, at the right time. of the world, with the right strategy, at the right time. Directors’ Report 1 2 ANZ Annual Report 2011 CONTENTS SECTION 1 Financial Highlights Chairman’s Report Chief Executive Offi cer’s Report Directors’ Report Remuneration Report Corporate Governance Statement SECTION 2 Review of Operations Principal Risks and Uncertainties Five Year Summary SECTION 3 Financial Statements Notes to the Financial Statements Directors’ Declaration Independent Auditor’s Report SECTION 4 Financial Information Shareholder Information Glossary of Financial Terms Alphabetical Index 5 6 8 10 15 46 65 76 84 86 92 209 210 212 220 225 228 ANZ Annual Report 2011 3 Financial Highlights Chairman’s Report Chief Executive Offi cer’s Report Directors’ Report Remuneration Report Corporate Governance Statement 5 6 8 10 15 46 4 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Financial Highlights Profi tability Profi t attributable to shareholders of the Company ($m) Underlying profi t1 ($m) Return on: Average ordinary shareholders’ equity2 Average ordinary shareholders’ equity (underlying profi t basis)1,21,2 Average ordinary shareholders’ equity (underlying profi t basis) Average assets Total income Net interest margin Net interest margin (excluding Global Markets) Underlying profi t per average FTE ($)1 Effi ciency ratios Operating expenses to operating income Operating expenses to average assets Operating expenses to operating income (underlying)1 Operating expenses to average assets (underlying)1 Credit impairment provisioning Collective provision charge ($m) Individual provision charge ($m) Total provision charge ($m) Individual provision charge as a % of average net advances Total provision charge as a % of average net advances Ordinary share dividends (cents) Interim – 100% franked (Mar 2010: 100% franked) Final – 100% franked (Sep 2010: 100% franked) Total dividend Ordinary share dividend payout ratio3 Underlying ordinary share dividend payout ratio3 Preference share dividend ($m) Dividend paid4 2011 2010 5,355 5,652 4,501 5,025 15.3% 16.2%16.2% 0.95% 14.9% 2.46% 2.81% 120,204 13.9% 15.5%15.5% 0.86% 14.3% 2.47% 2.74% 116,999 47.4% 1.42% 45.9%45.9% 1.37%1.37% 7 1,230 1,237 0.32% 0.32% 64 76 140 68.5% 64.9% 46.5% 1.39% 44.2%44.2% 1.33%1.33% (4) 1,791 1,787 0.51% 0.50% 52 74 126 71.6% 64.1% 12 11 1 Profit has been adjusted to exclude non-core items to arrive at underlying profit, the result for the ongoing business activities of the Group. These adjustments have been determined on a consistent basis with those made in prior periods. The adjustments made in arriving at underlying earnings are included in statutory profit, and are therefore subject to audit within the context of the Group statutory audit opinion. The external auditor has informed the Audit Committee that the adjustments are based on the guidelines released by the Australian Institute of Company Directors (AICD) and the Financial Services Institute of Australia (FINSIA), and consistent with prior period adjustments. 2 Average ordinary shareholders’ equity excludes non-controlling interests and preference shares. 3 The 2011 dividend payout ratio is calculated using the March 2011 interim and the proposed September 2011 final dividend. The 2010 dividend payout ratio is calculated using the March 2010 interim and September 2010 dividend. 4 Represents dividends paid on Euro Trust Securities issued on 13 December 2004. Financial Highlights 5 Chairman’s Report A MESSAGE FROM JOHN MORSCHEL ANZ delivered increased profi t in 2011 while continuing to invest in the development of its super regional strategy to deliver value for shareholders, customers and the community. I am pleased to report that ANZ’s statutory profi t after tax for the year ended 30 September 2011 was $5.4 billion, up 19% refl ecting a solid performance across the bank and continued improvement in the credit environment. The fi nal dividend of 76 cents per share brings the total dividend for the year to 140 cents per share fully franked, an increase of 11%. ANZ’s underlying profi t for 2011, which takes into account various one-off items which occurred during the year, was $5.6 billion, up 12%. ANZ remains strongly capitalised with a Tier 1 ratio as at 30 September 2011 of 10.9% and a Common Equity Tier 1 ratio of 8.5%, 0.8% and 0.5% respectively above 2010 levels. The Group is well placed to meet new capital standards. ANZ is one of only a handful of banks globally which retain a AA rating from all 3 credit ratings agencies. Expansion and Growth In 2011, we continued to advance our super regional strategy through growth in Asia by increasing connectivity between Asia and our key domestic franchises in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacifi c. We were delighted to achieve a key milestone in our regional expansion plans, most notably with the re-establishment of our presence in India with the opening of our Mumbai branch in June 2011. This strategy is helping ANZ deliver more diversifi ed earnings by product, customer and geography together with growth in our customer base. This year we set a new long-term aspiration for revenues sourced from Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America to drive 25-30% of Group profi t by 2017. Customers and the Community In 2011, ANZ maintained its momentum in delivering value for its customers and for the community. In Australia, we continue to have the highest level of retail customer satisfaction and further improved customer satisfaction in New Zealand. A number of the communities in which ANZ operates experienced disasters during 2011. These included earthquakes in the Canterbury region of New Zealand; the fl oods in Queensland and throughout eastern Australia; and the tsunami and nuclear emergency in Japan. ANZ contributed to the relief eff orts through donations, direct grants and the eff orts of many ANZ staff . Our Corporate Responsibility framework continues to help guide our decision making. New responsible lending policies will govern our business lending to sensitive social and environmental sectors. Australian Government support helped expand our work to assist low income communities build their savings. During 2011, ANZ was named as one of the most sustainable banks globally in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. Our combined Annual Shareholder and Corporate Responsibility Review provides an integrated view of how ANZ is managing fi nancial and non-fi nancial issues and is designed to represent ANZ’s performance across all aspects of our business. 6 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Outlook We expect the global economic uncertainty will continue well into 2012, however growth in Asia (excluding Japan) is forecast to continue at an annual rate exceeding 7%, while growth in Europe and the United States is expected to remain subdued. The Australian and New Zealand economies are expected grow at over 3% and 2.5% respectively. As the uncertainties around sovereign debt in Europe continue to play out, we expect continued volatility in world markets. This is fl owing through to higher funding costs and at the same time regulators around the world are pushing ahead with new capital and liquidity requirements for banks. These changes will increase capital costs, ultimately placing further pressure on the fragile global economy. Our unique super regional strategy positions us to take advantage of the signifi cant opportunities we expect to arise in Asia Pacifi c. These will come from our exposure to growth markets, our strong capital position and the experience of our international management team. With the diffi cult global economic situation, however, it will also be prudent to manage our business tightly. ANZ has a clear direction and our results in 2011 demonstrate the progress we are making in delivering value and performance for our shareholders, our customers and the community. These results also refl ect the ongoing commitment and dedication of our management team and the entire staff of ANZ and I would like to take this opportunity to thank them for their eff orts during the year. My thanks also go to my fellow Directors for their commitment and support during 2011. JOHN MORSCHEL CHAIRMAN Chairman’s Report 7 Chief Executive Offi cer’s Report A MESSAGE FROM MICHAEL SMITH ANZ’s super regional strategy and our fi nancial strength provide us with unique opportunities – opportunities which are open to very few banks in the world right now. ANZ’s key customer franchises in Australia, New Zealand and Asia Pacifi c produced solid performances in 2011. Provision charges were 33% lower than 2010 which helped to drive ANZ’s performance together with somewhat subdued revenue growth of 7%. This was signifi cantly impacted by the volatile global economic situation in the second half of the year and like most banks in Australia and around the world, conditions for our Institutional Markets trading business deteriorated and impacted Group earnings. While we would have liked a stronger performance in the last few months of the year, we didn’t see the environment as one in which it was prudent to expose ANZ to excessive risk. We continued to invest heavily in our super regional strategy with costs up by 11% although, refl ecting the more diffi cult economic environment later in the year, cost growth in the second half was contained to 2%. During 2011, we continued to strengthen our capital position and improve diversity in our sources of funding including further growth in deposits which now account for 61% of Group funding. Importantly, we also saw a signifi cant improvement in staff engagement. Employee engagement increased from 64% to 70% and our goal is to continue to improve this measure to meet the global best-in-class standard in future years. Regional Performance In 2011 we produced solid results in each area of our business highlighting the strength of our key franchises in Australia, New Zealand and Asia Pacifi c. In Australia, profi t increased 4% based on good cost management and solid results in Retail and Commercial. In Wealth, profi ts fell refl ecting diffi cult market conditions and increased insurance costs following the extreme weather events early in the year. Pleasingly, we have continued to increase customer satisfaction in all segments and despite increasing competition, we’ve maintained our number one ranking for customer satisfaction in Retail. In Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America, we maintained momentum with US Dollar profi t up 22%. We are continuing to invest in Asia to build scale and capability however, having completed the integration of the Asian business we acquired from the Royal Bank of Scotland, we are now managing expenses more tightly while still investing for growth. The benefi t of this investment is showing in the franchise we are building. In New Zealand, profi t rose by 50% driven by a large fall in provisions and tight control of costs. The New Zealand economy is slowly recovering but the environment is likely to remain soft for some time. Nevertheless, we have a consistent focus on simplifi cation and effi ciency within our New Zealand business and I’m optimistic about what can be achieved. Institutional profi t increased by 7%. The business is delivering more diversifi ed earnings by product, customer and geography, and continued growth in our client base as a result of a clear strategy to build the world’s best bank for clients driven by trade and capital fl ows in the Asia Pacifi c region, particularly in resources, agribusiness and infrastructure. However, the key issue for Institutional in 2011 was the fall in Global Markets earnings as a result of the extremely volatile market conditions although this has been consistent with the performances seen at other banks both domestically and globally. Unique Growth Opportunities ANZ’s super regional strategy is clear, consistent and aligned to the economic opportunity in the Asia Pacifi c region. We are focused on realising its full potential by successfully executing against that strategy in all our key markets. We believe the global economic diffi culties, the structural shift taking place as world economic growth shifts from the West to the East particularly China and India, and the subdued domestic environment plays perfectly to ANZ’s strengths. We have a portfolio, diversifi ed by geography, businesses and industry focus, which is increasingly connected so the sum is greater than the parts. 8 ANZ Annual Report 2011 That diversifi ed portfolio gives us options and choices to deliver diff erentiated revenue growth and shareholder value by building our customer franchises in Australia and Asia while maintaining our strong position in New Zealand. These growth options are simply not available with a domestic-only strategy. Our fi nancial strength will provide us with opportunities for careful strategic growth as capital-constrained international banks retreat from our region. The investment we have made in technology and our operations hubs continues to support the transformation of our productivity performance. This is already underway and we will also respond by placing a stronger emphasis on generating on-going effi ciencies given the more constrained domestic conditions. So we are optimistic about the future for ANZ. We have choices and opportunities that are open to very few banks in the world right now – but they are open to ANZ. They create another window for ANZ to make a step change in growth, to expand the support we provide to customers, to drive superior long-term growth and diff erentiated returns, and to create value for our shareholders and the communities we work in. MICHAEL SMITH CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Chief Executive Offi cer’s Report 9 Directors’ Report The Directors present their report together with the Financial Report of the consolidated entity (the Group), being Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (the Company) and its controlled entities, for the year ended 30 September 2011 and the Independent Auditor’s Report thereon. The information is provided in conformity with the Corporations Act 2001. Principal Activities The Group provides a broad range of banking and fi nancial products and services to retail, small business, corporate and institutional clients. The Group conducts its operations primarily in Australia and New Zealand and the Asia Pacifi c region. It also operates in a number of other countries including the United Kingdom and the United States. At 30 September 2011, the Group had 1,381 branches and other points of representation worldwide excluding Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs). Results Consolidated profi t after income tax attributable to shareholders of the Company was $5,355 million, an increase of 19% over the prior year. Strong growth in profi t before credit impairment and income tax of $521 million or 6% and a reduction in the credit provision of $550 million with improvements across the New Zealand, Institutional and Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America portfolios. Balance sheet growth was strong with total assets increasing by $62.8 billion (12%) and total liabilities increasing by $59.0 billion (12%). Movements within the major components include: Net loans and advances including acceptances increased by $33.9 billion (9%) primarily driven by above system Australian housing lending growth of $10.9 billion (7%) and Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America growth of $11.7 billion (43%) across all business lines. Growth in customer deposits of $39.9 billion (16%) was concentrated in the second half, and refl ected growth in Retail, Commercial and Institutional in Australia of $18.9 billion (12%) as consumers and corporates deleverage and growth in Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America of $18.2 billion (39%) driven by strong momentum across the region. Further details are contained on pages 65 to 75 of this Annual Report. State of Aff airs In the Directors’ opinion there have been no signifi cant changes in the state of aff airs of the Group during the fi nancial year. Further review of matters aff ecting the Group’s state of aff airs is also contained in the Review of Operations on page 65 to 75 of this Annual Report. Dividends The Directors propose that a fully franked fi nal dividend of 76 cents per fully paid ordinary share will be paid on 16 December 2011. The proposed payment amounts to approximately $1,999 million. During the fi nancial year, the following fully franked dividends were paid on fully paid ordinary shares: Type Final 2010 Interim 2011 Cents per share Amount before bonus option plan adjustment $m Date of payment 74 64 1,895 1,662 17 December 2010 1 July 2011 The proposed fi nal dividend of 76 cents together with the interim dividend of 64 cents brings total dividends in relation to the year ended 30 September 2011 to 140 cents fully franked. Further details of dividends provided for or paid during the year ended 30 September 2011 on ANZ’s ordinary and preference shares are set out in notes 7, 27 and 28 to the fi nancial statements. Review of Operations Review of the Group during the fi nancial year and the results of those operations, including an assessment of the fi nancial position and business strategies of the Group, is contained in the Chairman’s Report, the Chief Executive Offi cer’s Report and the Review of Operations of this Annual Report. 10 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Events Since the End of the Financial Year There were no signifi cant events from 30 September 2011 to the date of this report. Future Developments Details of likely developments in the operations of the Group and its prospects in future fi nancial years are contained in this Annual Report under the Chairman’s and Chief Executive Offi cer’s Report. In the opinion of the Directors, disclosure of any further information would be likely to result in unreasonable prejudice to the Group. Environmental Regulation The Company recognises the expectations of its stakeholders – customers, shareholders, staff and the community – to operate in a way that mitigates the Company’s environmental impact. The Company sets and reported against public targets regarding its environmental performance. The Company is subject to two relevant pieces of legislation. The Company’s operations in Australia are categorised as a ‘high energy user’ under the Energy Effi ciency Opportunities Act 2006 (Cth) (EEO). The Company has a mandatory obligation to identify energy effi ciency opportunities and report to the Australian Federal Government progress with the implementation of the opportunities identifi ed. As required under the legislation, the Company submitted a fi ve year energy effi ciency assessment plan in 2006 and has reported to the Government annually, every December, until the end of the fi ve year reporting cycle in December 2011. The Company complies with its obligations under the EEO. The National Greenhouse Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Cth) has been designed to create a national framework for energy and associated greenhouse gas emissions reporting. The Act makes registration and reporting mandatory for corporations whose energy production, energy use, or greenhouse gas emissions trigger the specifi ed corporate or facility threshold. The Company is over the corporate threshold defi ned within this legislation and as a result was required to submit its fi rst report on 31 October 2009. Subsequent reports have been submitted in 2010 and 2011. The Company’s operations are not subject to any site specifi c or license requirements which could be considered particular or signifi cant environmental regulation under any law of the Australian Commonwealth Government or of any state or territory thereof. The Company may become subject to environmental regulation as a result of its lending activities in the ordinary course of business or when enforcing securities over land. The Company has developed policies to manage such environmental risks. Having made due enquiry, and to the best of the Company’s knowledge, no entity of the Group has incurred any material environmental liability during the year. Further details on the Company’s environmental performance, including progress against its targets and details of its emissions profi le are available on anz.com > About us > Corporate Responsibility. Directors’ Qualifi cations, Experience and Special Responsibilities At the date of this report, the Board comprises seven Non-Executive Directors who have a diversity of business and community experience and one Executive Director, the Chief Executive Offi cer, who has extensive banking experience. The names of Directors and details of their skills, qualifi cations, experience and when they were appointed to the Board are contained on pages 47 to 49 of this Annual Report. Details of the number of Board and Board Committee meetings held during the year, Directors’ attendance at those meetings and details of Directors’ special responsibilities, are shown on pages 47 to 58 of this Annual Report. No Directors retired during the 2011 fi nancial year. Details of directorships of other listed companies held by each current Director in the three years prior to the end of the 2011 fi nancial year are listed on pages 47 to 49. Directors’ Report 11 DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued) Company Secretaries’ Qualifi cations and Experience Currently there are three people appointed as Company Secretaries of the Company. Details of their roles are contained on page 54. Their qualifi cations and experience are as follows: Bob Santamaria, BCom, LLB (Hons) Group General Counsel and Company Secretary. Mr Santamaria joined ANZ in 2007. He had previously been a Partner at the law fi rm Allens Arthur Robinson since 1987. He was Executive Partner Corporate, responsible for client liaison with some of Allens Arthur Robinson’s largest corporate clients. Mr Santamaria brings to ANZ a strong background in leadership of a major law fi rm, together with signifi cant experience in securities, mergers and acquisitions. He holds a Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Laws (Honours) from the University of Melbourne. He is also an Affi liate of Chartered Secretaries Australia. Peter Marriott, BEc (Hons), FCA Chief Financial Offi cer and Company Secretary. Mr Marriott has been involved in the fi nance industry for more than 30 years. Mr Marriott joined ANZ in 1993. Prior to his career at ANZ, Mr Marriott was a Partner in the Melbourne offi ce of the then KPMG Peat Marwick. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia and the Australian Institute of Banking and Finance and a Member of the Australian Institute of Company Directors. Mr Marriott is also a director of ASX Limited. John Priestley, BEc, LLB, FCIS Company Secretary. Mr Priestley, a qualifi ed lawyer, joined ANZ in 2004. Prior to ANZ, he had a long career with Mayne Group and held positions which included responsibility for the legal, company secretarial, compliance and insurance functions. He is a Fellow of Chartered Secretaries Australia and also a member of Chartered Secretaries Australia’s National Legislation Review Committee. Non-audit Services The Company’s Relationship with External Auditor Policy (which incorporates requirements of the Corporations Act 2001) states that the external auditor may not provide services that are perceived to be in confl ict with the role of the auditor. These include consulting advice and sub-contracting of operational activities normally undertaken by management, and engagements where the auditor may ultimately be required to express an opinion on their own work. Specifi cally the policy: limits the non-audit services that may be provided; requires that audit, audit-related and permitted non-audit services must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee, or pre-approved by the Chairman of the Audit Committee (or up to a specifi ed amount by the Chief Financial Offi cer, the Deputy Chief Financial Offi cer, the Head of External Reporting or the Head of Financial Policy and Governance) and notifi ed to the Audit Committee; and requires the external auditor to not commence any engagement for the Group, until the Group has confi rmed that the engagement has been pre-approved. 12 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Further details about the policy can be found in the Corporate Governance Statement on page 59. The Audit Committee has reviewed a summary of non-audit services provided by the external auditor for 2011, and has confi rmed that the provision of non-audit services for 2011 is consistent with the Company’s Relationship with External Auditor Policy and compatible with the general standard of independence for auditors imposed by the Corporations Act 2001. This has been formally advised to the Board of Directors. The external auditor has confi rmed to the Audit Committee that they have: implemented procedures to ensure they comply with independence rules both in Australia and the United States; and complied with domestic policies and regulations, together with the regulatory requirements of the SEC, and ANZ’s policy regarding the provision of non-audit services by the external auditor. The non-audit services supplied to the Group by the Group’s external auditor, KPMG, and the amount paid or payable by the Group by type of non-audit service during the year ended 30 September 2011 are as follows: Amount paid/payable $’000’s Non-audit services Collective provision review (on behalf of APRA) Managed investment schemes distribution model review Review script for script audit validation model and trust voting analysis models R&D claim review Review output from counterparty credit risk review project Presentations Prudential standard impact assessment Training courses Accounting advice Witness branch transfer of deposit boxes Market Risk benchmarking review Market Risk system capability review Overseas branch registration regulatory assistance Review of foreign exchange process in overseas branch 2011 101 81 46 40 20 18 11 9 5 4 – – – – 2010 – – – – – – – – 82 – 50 30 2 8 Total 335 172 Further details on the compensation paid to KPMG is provided in note 5 to the fi nancial statements. Note 5 also provides details of audit-related services provided during the year of $4.444 million (2010: $2.819 million). For the reasons set out above, the Directors are satisfi ed that the provision of non-audit services by the external auditor during the year ended 30 September 2011 is compatible with the general standard of independence for auditors imposed by the Corporations Act 2001. Directors and Offi cers who were previously Partners of the Auditor Mr Marriott, the Company’s Chief Financial Offi cer, was a Partner of KPMG at a time when KPMG was the auditor of the Company. In particular, Mr Marriott was a Partner in the Melbourne offi ce of the then KPMG Peat Marwick prior to joining the Company in 1993. Chief Executive Offi cer/Chief Financial Offi cer Declaration The Chief Executive Offi cer and the Chief Financial Offi cer have given the declarations to the Board concerning the Group’s fi nancial statements and other matters as required under section 295A(2) of the Corporations Act 2001 and Recommendation 7.3 of the ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations. Directors’ and Offi cers’ Indemnity The Company’s Constitution (Rule 11.1) permits the Company to indemnify each offi cer or employee of the Company against liabilities (so far as may be permitted under applicable law) incurred in the execution and discharge of the offi cer’s or employee’s duties. It is the Company’s policy that its employees should not incur any liability to any third party as a result of acting in the course of their employment, subject to appropriate conditions. Under the policy, the Company will indemnify employees against any liability they incur in carrying out their role. The indemnity protects employees and former employees who incur a liability when acting as an employee, trustee or offi cer of the Company, another corporation or other body at the request of the Company or a related body corporate. The indemnity is subject to applicable law and in addition will not apply to liability arising from: serious misconduct, gross negligence, or lack of good faith; illegal, dishonest or fraudulent conduct; or material non-compliance with the Company’s policies, processes or discretions. The Company has entered into Indemnity Deeds with each of its Directors, with certain secretaries and former Directors of the Company, and with certain employees and other individuals who act as directors or offi cers of related bodies corporate or of another company. To the extent permitted by law, the Company indemnifi es the individual for all liabilities, including costs, damages and expenses incurred in their capacity as an offi cer of the company to which they have been appointed. The Company has indemnifi ed the trustees and former trustees of certain of the Company’s superannuation funds and directors, former directors, offi cers and former offi cers of trustees of various Company sponsored superannuation schemes in Australia. Under the relevant Deeds of Indemnity, the Company must indemnify each indemnifi ed person if the assets of the relevant fund are insuffi cient to cover any loss, damage, liability or cost incurred by the indemnifi ed person in connection with the fund, being loss, damage, liability or costs for which the indemnifi ed person would have been entitled to be indemnifi ed out of the assets of the fund in accordance with the trust deed and the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993. This indemnity survives the termination of the fund. Some of the indemnifi ed persons are or were Directors or executive offi cers of the Company. The Company has also indemnifi ed certain employees of the Company, being trustees and administrators of a trust, from and against any loss, damage, liability, tax, penalty, expense or claim of any kind or nature arising out of or in connection with the creation, operation or dissolution of the trust or any act or omission performed or omitted by them in good faith and in a manner that they reasonably believed to be within the scope of the authority conferred by the trust. Except for the above, neither the Company nor any related body corporate of the Company has indemnifi ed or made an agreement to indemnify any person who is or has been an offi cer or auditor of the Company against liabilities incurred as an offi cer or auditor of the Company. During the fi nancial year, and again since the end of the fi nancial year, the Company has paid a premium for an insurance policy for the benefi t of the directors and employees of the Company and related bodies corporate of the Company. In accordance with common commercial practice, the insurance policy prohibits disclosure of the nature of the liability insured against and the amount of the premium. Rounding of Amounts The Company is a company of the kind referred to in Australian Securities and Investments Commission class order 98/100 (as amended) pursuant to section 341(1) of the Corporations Act 2001. As a result, amounts in this Directors’ Report and the accompanying fi nancial statements have been rounded to the nearest million dollars except where otherwise indicated. Directors’ Report 13 DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued) Executive Offi cers’ and Employee Share and Option Plans Details of share options/rights issued over shares granted to the Chief Executive Offi cer and Disclosed Executives, and on issue as at the date of this report are detailed in the Remuneration Report. Details of options/rights issued over shares granted to employees and on issue as at the date of this report are detailed in note 46 of the 2011 fi nancial report. Details of shares issued as a result of the exercise of options/rights granted to employees as at the date of this report are detailed in note 46 of the 2011 fi nancial report. Other details about the share options/rights issued, including any rights to participate in any share issues of the Company, are set out in note 46 of the 2011 fi nancial report. No person entitled to exercise any option/right has or had, by virtue of an option/right, a right to participate in any share issue of any other body corporate. The names of all persons who currently hold options/rights are entered in the register kept by the Company pursuant to section 170 of the Corporations Act 2001. This register may be inspected free of charge. Lead Auditor’s Independence Declaration The lead auditor’s independence declaration given under section 307C of the Corporations Act 2001 is set out below and forms part of this Directors’ Report for the year ended 30 September 2011. THE AUDITOR’S INDEPENDENCE DECLARATION Lead Auditor’s Independence Declaration under Section 307C of the Corporations Act 2001 To: the Directors of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited I declare that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, in relation to the audit for the fi nancial year ended 30 September 2011, there have been: (i) no contraventions of the auditor independence requirements as set out in the Corporations Act 2001 in relation to the audit; and (ii) no contraventions of any applicable code of professional conduct in relation to the audit. KPMG Peter Nash Partner Melbourne 2 November 2011 14 ANZ Annual Report 2011 REMUNERATION REPORT Contents Remuneration Report – Summary (Unaudited) Remuneration Structure and 2011 Outcomes Non-Executive Directors Chief Executive Offi cer and Disclosed Executives CEO Actual Remuneration Disclosed Executives Actual Remuneration Short Term Incentive (STI) – Targets and Outcomes Remuneration Report – Full (Audited) Board Oversight of Remuneration Non-Executive Directors CEO and Disclosed Executives 1. Non-Executive Director Remuneration 1.1. Board Policy on Remuneration 1.2. Components of Non-Executive Director Remuneration 1.3. Shareholdings of Non-Executive Directors 1.4. Remuneration paid to Non-Executive Directors 2. CEO and Disclosed Executive Remuneration 2.1. Remuneration Guiding Principles 2.2. Performance of ANZ 2.3. Remuneration Structure Overview 2.4. Remuneration Components 2.5. CEO Remuneration 2.6. Disclosed Executive Remuneration 2.6.1. Fixed Remuneration 2.6.2. Variable Remuneration 2.6.3. Short Term Incentives (STI) 2.6.4. Long Term Incentives (LTI) 2.7. Clawback 2.8. Hedging and Margin Lending Prohibition 2.9. Shareholding guidelines 2.10. Equity Granted as Remuneration 2.11. Equity Valuations 2.12. Equity Vested/Exercised/Lapsed During 2011 2.13. Shareholdings of the CEO and Disclosed Executives 2.14. Legacy LTI Programs 2.15. Remuneration paid to the CEO and Disclosed Executives 3. Contract Terms 3.1. CEO’s Contract Terms 3.2. Disclosed Executives’ Contract Terms 16 16 16 16 16 17 20 22 22 22 23 23 23 24 25 26 28 28 28 29 30 30 32 32 33 33 34 35 35 35 36 37 38 39 40 42 44 44 44 Remuneration Report 15 REMUNERATION REPORT – SUMMARY (Unaudited) Remuneration Report – Summary (Unaudited) This overview has been written to provide a clear and simple summary of ANZ’s remuneration structure and the actual value received from the various remuneration components by the Non-Executive Directors (NEDs), the Chief Executive Offi cer (CEO) and Disclosed Executives in 2010 and 2011. The term ‘Disclosed Executives’ is used in this report to refer to these executives other than the CEO. Detailed data is provided in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 22 to 45. Remuneration Structure and 2011 Outcomes NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Full details of the fees paid to NEDs in 2010 and 2011 are provided on page 24 of the Remuneration Report. In summary, the Chairman receives a base fee which covers all responsibilities including all Board committees. NEDs receive a base fee for being a Director of the Board and additional fees for either chairing or being a member of a committee, working on special committees and/or for serving on a subsidiary Board. They do not receive any performance/incentive payments and are not eligible to participate in any of the Group’s incentive arrangements. All fees payable to NEDs fall within the fee limit set by shareholders. There has been no increase to the NED fee pool since 2008. Based on an independent assessment of the competitiveness of ANZ’s NED remuneration in comparison to other major companies and forecast market movements, the Board elected to increase NED fees for the 2011 year. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND DISCLOSED EXECUTIVES ANZ’s remuneration framework is designed to create and enhance value for all ANZ stakeholders and to ensure there is strong alignment between the short and long-term interests of shareholders and the CEO and Disclosed Executives. A key feature of ANZ’s reward structure is the role it plays in helping drive ANZ’s strategy to build a culture of out-performance with integrity, by ensuring diff erentiation of rewards and recognition of key contributors. To achieve this, remuneration for the CEO and Disclosed Executives is comprised of: Fixed pay: This is the only ‘guaranteed’ part of the remuneration package. ANZ positions fi xed pay for the CEO and Disclosed Executives against the median of the relevant fi nancial services market and based on internal relativities refl ecting responsibilities, performance, qualifi cations, experience and location. The fi nancial services market is considered the appropriate market as this is the key pool of sourcing talent for ANZ, consisting of companies operating in a similar regulatory environment to ANZ. This market consists of companies where key talent may be lost to and therefore competitive remuneration against these companies is appropriate. Short Term Incentive (STI): The STI provides an annual opportunity for an incentive award. It is assessed against Group and individual objectives and is awarded provided that there have been no inappropriate behaviour or risk/compliance/audit breaches. Long Term Incentive (LTI): The LTI provides an annual opportunity for an equity award that aligns a signifi cant portion of overall remuneration to shareholder value over the longer term. 16 ANZ Annual Report 2011 CEO ACTUAL REMUNERATION Fixed pay: From 1 October 2010 the level of fi xed annual pay for the CEO was increased to $3.15 million from $3 million and was the fi rst adjustment since his commencement in 2007. The Board determined that based on fi xed remuneration remaining unchanged since commencement, and the importance of rewarding the CEO commensurate with his peers who have signifi cant Asian experience, it was appropriate to provide a fi xed pay increase of 5%. Short Term Incentive (STI): The CEO has an annual opportunity to receive a bonus payment equivalent to the value of his fi xed remuneration, i.e. $3.15 million. The actual amount paid can increase or decrease from this number dependent on his performance as CEO and the performance of the organisation as a whole. Specifi cally, if, in the Board’s view the CEO has out-performed and exceeded his targets, the Board may exercise its discretion to increase the STI beyond his target payment. The CEO’s STI payment for 2011 has been determined having regard to his delivery against a balanced scorecard of objectives for the year as well as the progress achieved in relation to ANZ’s long-term strategic goals. The STI payment for 2011 will be $3.3 million with $1.75 million paid in cash and the balance ($1.55 million) awarded as deferred shares. Half the deferred shares will be restricted for one year and half for two years. Special Equity Allocation: At the 2008 Annual General Meeting, shareholders approved an additional grant of 700,000 options to the CEO at an exercise price of $14.18 and with a vesting date of 18 December 2011. No options have been granted subsequently. Long Term Incentive (LTI): Three tranches of performance rights were provided to the CEO in December 2007, covering his fi rst three years in the role. The fi rst of these tranches was tested against a relative Total Shareholder Return (TSR) hurdle after three years, i.e. December 2010. As a result of the testing, 258,620 performance rights vested at a value of $6.117 million, based on the one day volume weighted average price (VWAP) of $23.6535 per share on 17 December 2010 (19 December 2010 was a non-trading day) and were exercised during the year. The other two tranches will be tested in December 2011 and December 2012 respectively. There is no retesting of these grants. At the 2010 Annual General Meeting shareholders approved an LTI grant to the CEO equivalent to 100% of his 2010 fi xed pay, being $3 million. This equated to a total of 253,164 performance rights being allocated, which will be subject to testing against the relative TSR hurdle after 3 years, i.e. December 2013. Other: In addition to his standard remuneration arrangements, the CEO was provided with additional equity as part of his original sign-on arrangements to recognise remuneration forgone from his previous employer in order to join ANZ. The CEO was off ered $9 million on his commencement which could have been taken in cash but which he elected to take as shares, with one third vesting at his 1st, 2nd and 3rd anniversaries respectively. This equated to a total of 330,033 ANZ shares at the time of grant when the share price was $27.2751. The fi rst and second tranches vested in October 2008 and October 2009 respectively. The third tranche vested on 2 October 2010. At that time, the value was $2.589 million, based on the one day VWAP of $23.5385 per share on 1 October 2010 (2 October 2010 was a non-trading day). The following tables, relating to the CEO, show: The actual amounts or grants made in respect of the years 2010 and 2011; Any amounts which had to be deferred in respect of the years 2010 and 2011; and The actual amounts received in respect of the years 2010 and 2011. The information provided in this table is diff erent from the information provided in the statutory remuneration table on page 42, which has been prepared in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards. Chief Executive Offi cer (M Smith)1,2 2011 Fixed pay ($) STI ($) LTI ($) Other grants /benefi ts ($) TOTAL ($) Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2011 year 3,150,000 3,300,000 3,150,0003 105,5155 9,705,515 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2011 year – 1,550,000 3,150,0003 – 4,700,000 Amounts received in respect of 2011 year 3,150,000 1,750,000 –3 105,5155 5,005,515 2010 Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2010 year 3,000,000 4,750,000 3,000,0004 5,5005 10,755,500 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2010 year – 2,250,000 3,000,0003 – 5,250,000 Amounts received in respect of 2010 year 3,000,000 2,500,000 –3 5,5005 5,505,500 1 On commencement with ANZ, M Smith was granted three tranches of equity valued at $3 million each. The second tranche became available on 2 October 2009 – price at vesting $23.5600 (based on one day VWAP as at 2 October 2009). Therefore the value of this tranche at date of vesting was $2,591,859. The third tranche became available on 2 October 2010 – price at vesting $23.5385 (based on one day VWAP as at 1 October 2010, as 2 October 2010 was a non-trading day). Therefore the value of this tranche at date of vesting was $2,589,494. These amounts are not reflected in the table above as they relate to a specific equity arrangement associated with his commencement and are not a part of his standard remuneration arrangements. 2 Equity which has been previously disclosed in remuneration reports in prior years that first vested in 2011 included STI deferred shares granted 13 November 2009, valued at $1,074,274 at vesting on 13 November 2010 (based on one day VWAP on 12 November 2010, as 13 November 2010 was a non-trading day) and LTI performance rights granted 19 December 2007, valued at $6,117,268 at vesting on 19 December 2010 (based on one day VWAP on 17 December 2010, as 19 December 2010 was a non-trading day). 3 The 2011 LTI relates to the LTI grant that is proposed for 2011, subject to approval by shareholders at the 2011 Annual General Meeting. 4 The 2010 LTI relates to the LTI grant approved by shareholders at the 2010 Annual General Meeting. 5 Other grants/benefits includes car parking, life insurance and taxation services. The insurance coverage for M Smith was updated in 2011 to a full Life and Personal Accident Insurance Policy which provides more comprehensive cover. 2012 Remuneration: The CEO’s fi xed pay will remain unchanged at $3.15 million for the year commencing 1 October 2011. The STI target is 100% of fi xed pay, therefore, for the 2012 year the STI target will remain at $3.15 million. The actual payment will be determined having regard to performance against relevant objectives and targets for the 2012 year. For 2011, it is proposed to allocate $3.15 million LTI to be delivered as performance rights with a relative TSR hurdle, subject to shareholder approval at the 2011 Annual General Meeting. DISCLOSED EXECUTIVES ACTUAL REMUNERATION CHIEF RISK OFFICER (CRO) The CRO’s remuneration arrangements have been structured diff erently to other Disclosed Executives to preserve the independence of this role and to minimise any confl icts of interest. The CRO’s role has a greater weighting on fi xed pay with more limited leverage for individual performance and none (either positive or negative) for Group performance. In 2010, LTI awards were delivered as unhurdled deferred shares and in 2011 (and beyond) will be delivered as unhurdled deferred share rights, both with a three year time based hurdle. The Company’s relative TSR performance hurdle is not associated with the LTI award to ensure greater impartiality and independence of this role. ALL OTHER DISCLOSED EXECUTIVES Fixed pay: A review identifi ed that ANZ’s fi xed remuneration levels for Disclosed Executives were generally competitively positioned within the market, and where they were not, appropriate adjustments were made. Short Term Incentive (STI): Disclosed Executives have an opportunity to receive an on-target STI payment equivalent to 120% of their fi xed pay, with top performers able to receive incentive payments well above the target level whereas weaker performers receive a signifi cantly reduced or no incentive payment at all. All incentives paid in the 2011 fi nancial year related to performance from the 2010 fi nancial year, and all deferred components are subject to the Board’s discretion to reduce or adjust to zero before vesting. The total of STI payments for Disclosed Executives for the 2011 year has decreased from 2010, refl ecting the link between performance and variable reward outcomes. STI payments for Disclosed Executives are subject to a mandatory deferral threshold (currently $200,000), with 50% of all amounts above this threshold subject to deferral – half of the deferred equity is restricted for a one year period and the other half of the deferred equity is restricted for a two year period. This is designed to strengthen the link between the STI award and longer term alignment with shareholder interests. Long Term Incentive (LTI): The target LTI is 50% of their fi xed pay. This dollar value is converted into an actual number of performance rights using an independent and audited external valuation. These rights are subject to a relative TSR performance hurdle that compares ANZ’s performance with a selection of other comparable fi nancial institutions over the three year period following the grant. ANZ’s performance ranking must be equal to the median for any rights to vest and at or above the 75th percentile to fully vest. If the hurdle is achieved, the rights are able to be exercised, and if not, they are forfeited. There is no retesting. The LTI grants made in October 2007 were tested against the TSR performance of the comparator group in October 2010. ANZ’s TSR performance was ranked above the 75th percentile of the comparator group. Accordingly, 100% of the performance rights vested in October 2010. Remuneration Report 17 REMUNERATION REPORT – SUMMARY (Unaudited) The following tables cover those Disclosed Executives who were employed at the executive level for 2010 and 2011. The tables detail: The actual amounts paid or granted in respect of the years 2010 and 2011; Any amounts which had to be deferred in respect of the years 2010 and 2011; and The actual amounts received in respect of the years 2010 and 2011. The information provided in these tables is diff erent from the information provided in the statutory remuneration table on page 42, which has been prepared in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards. Chief Executive Offi cer, Australia (P Chronican)1 2011 Fixed pay ($) STI ($) LTI ($) Other grants /benefi ts ($) TOTAL ($) Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2011 year 1,300,000 1,600,000 650,000 5,744 3,555,744 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2011 year – 700,000 650,000 – 1,350,000 Amounts received in respect of 2011 year 1,300,000 900,000 – 5,744 2,205,744 2010 Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2010 year 1,079,000 1,400,000 650,000 296,974 3,425,974 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2010 year – 600,000 650,000 – 1,250,000 Amounts received in respect of 2010 year 1,079,000 800,000 Chief Executive Offi cer, Institutional (S Elliott)2 2011 Fixed pay ($) STI ($) – LTI ($) 296,974 2,175,974 Other grants /benefi ts ($) TOTAL ($) Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2011 year 1,050,000 1,008,000 650,000 10,191 2,718,191 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2011 year – 404,000 650,000 – 1,054,000 Amounts received in respect of 2011 year 1,050,000 604,000 – 10,191 1,664,191 2010 Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2010 year 1,000,000 2,500,000 550,000 12,334 4,062,334 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2010 year – 1,150,000 550,000 – 1,700,000 Amounts received in respect of 2010 year 1,000,000 1,350,000 Chief Executive Offi cer, New Zealand (D Hisco)3 2011 Fixed pay ($) STI ($) – LTI ($) 12,334 2,362,334 Other grants /benefi ts ($) TOTAL ($) Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2011 year 960,000 1,612,800 480,000 357,283 3,410,083 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2011 year – 710,400 480,000 – 1,190,400 Amounts received in respect of 2011 year 960,000 902,400 – 357,283 2,219,683 2010 Not a Disclosed Executive in 2010 18 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Chief Executive Offi cer, Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America (A Thursby)4 2011 Fixed pay ($) STI ($) LTI ($) Other grants /benefi ts ($) TOTAL ($) Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2011 year 1,050,000 1,600,000 700,000 7,375 3,357,375 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2011 year Amounts received in respect of 2011 year – 1,050,000 700,000 900,000 700,000 – 1,400,000 – 7,375 1,957,375 2010 Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2010 year 1,000,000 2,500,000 550,000 23,570 4,073,570 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2010 year – 1,150,000 550,000 – 1,700,000 Amounts received in respect of 2010 year 1,000,000 1,350,000 Deputy Chief Executive Offi cer (G Hodges)5 2011 Fixed pay ($) STI ($) – LTI ($) 23,570 2,373,570 Other grants /benefi ts ($) TOTAL ($) Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2011 year 1,000,000 1,200,000 500,000 24,350 2,724,350 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2011 year – 500,000 500,000 – 1,000,000 Amounts received in respect of 2011 year 1,000,000 700,000 – 24,350 1,724,350 2010 Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2010 year 1,000,000 1,140,000 500,000 17,309 2,657,309 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2010 year Amounts received in respect of 2010 year – 1,000,000 470,000 670,000 Chief Financial Offi cer (P Marriott)6 2011 Fixed pay ($) STI ($) 500,000 – 970,000 – LTI ($) 17,309 1,687,309 Other grants /benefi ts ($) TOTAL ($) Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2011 year 1,000,000 1,440,000 500,000 5,774 2,945,774 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2011 year – 620,000 500,000 – 1,120,000 Amounts received in respect of 2011 year 1,000,000 820,000 – 5,774 1,825,774 2010 Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2010 year 1,000,000 1,140,000 500,000 2,595 2,642,595 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2010 year Amounts received in respect of 2010 year – 1,000,000 470,000 670,000 Chief Risk Offi cer (C Page)7 2011 Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2011 year less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2011 year Amounts received in respect of 2011 year Fixed pay ($) STI ($) 1,100,000 1,500,000 – 1,100,000 650,000 850,000 500,000 – 970,000 – LTI ($) – – – 2,595 1,672,595 Other grants /benefi ts ($) TOTAL ($) 7,375 2,607,375 – 650,000 7,375 1,957,375 2010 Amounts paid or granted in respect of 2010 year 1,100,000 1,320,000 425,000 60,565 2,905,565 less amounts which must be deferred in respect of 2010 year Amounts received in respect of 2010 year – 1,100,000 560,000 760,000 425,000 – 985,000 – 60,565 1,920,565 Remuneration Report 19 REMUNERATION REPORT – SUMMARY (Unaudited) (continued) 1 P Chronican – P Chronican commenced on 30 November 2009 so 2010 payments reflect amounts received for the partial service for the 2010 year. Other grants/benefits includes car parking and relocation expenses. 2 S Elliott – Other grants/benefits includes car parking and relocation expenses. Equity which has been previously disclosed in remuneration reports in prior years that first vested in 2011 included STI deferred shares granted 13 November 2009, valued at $25,566 at vesting on 13 November 2010 and STI deferred options granted 13 November 2009, valued at $2,796 at vesting on 13 November 2010 (based on one day VWAP on 12 November 2010, as 13 November was a non-trading day). In addition to remuneration shown above, S Elliott received an equity grant in 2009 in accordance with his employment arrangements on joining ANZ. ANZ agreed to provide S Elliott with shares to the value of $125,000 deferred for one year and shares to the value of $125,000 deferred for two years. The shares were granted on 11 June 2009. The one year deferred shares became available on 11 June 2010, valued at $172,589 at vesting. The two year deferred shares became available on 11 June 2011, valued at $162,464 at vesting. 3 D Hisco – D Hisco commenced in role on 13 October 2010 so 2011 payments reflect amounts received for the partial service for the 2011 year. Other grants/benefits includes relocation expenses such as flight and housing assistance, and taxation services. Equity which first vested in 2011 included STI deferred shares granted 13 November 2009, valued at $136,836 at vesting on 13 November 2010 (based on one day VWAP on 12 November 2010, as 13 November was a non-trading day) and LTI performance rights granted 30 October 2007, valued at $634,134 at vesting on 31 October 2010. 4 A Thursby – Other grants/benefits includes car parking and relocation expenses. Equity which has been previously disclosed in remuneration reports in prior years that first vested in 2011 included STI deferred shares granted 31 October 2008, valued at $308,051 at vesting on 31 October 2010, STI deferred shares granted 13 November 2009, valued at $613,871 at vesting on 13 November 2010 (based on one day VWAP on 12 November 2010, as 13 November was a non-trading day), STI deferred options granted 31 October 2008, valued at $635,420 at vesting on 31 October 2010 and LTI performance rights granted 30 October 2007, valued at $1,153,007 at vesting on 31 October 2010. In addition to remuneration shown above, A Thursby received an equity grant in 2009 in accordance with his employment arrangements on joining ANZ. ANZ agreed to provide A Thursby with three separate tranches of deferred shares to the value of $1 million per annum. The first tranche was made on 3 September 2007, the second on 28 August 2008 and the final tranche was granted on 22 September 2009. The shares are restricted and held in trust for three years from the date of allocation. The first tranche became available on 3 September 2010, valued at $804,989 at vesting. The second tranche became available on 28 August 2011, valued at $1,249,537 at vesting. 5 G Hodges – Other grants/benefits includes car parking and taxation services. Equity which has been previously disclosed in remuneration reports in prior years that first vested in 2011 included STI deferred shares granted 13 November 2009, valued at $168,817 at vesting on 13 November 2010 (based on one day VWAP on 12 November 2010, as 13 November was a non-trading day), STI deferred options granted 31 October 2008, valued at $261,641 at vesting on 31 October 2010, STI deferred share rights granted 31 October 2008, valued at $141,038 at vesting on 31 October 2010 and LTI performance rights granted 30 October 2007, valued at $1,441,258 at vesting on 31 October 2010. 6 P Marriott – Other grants/benefits includes car parking. Equity which has been previously disclosed in remuneration reports in prior years that first vested in 2011 included STI deferred shares granted 31 October 2008, valued at $90,580 at vesting on 31 October 2010, STI deferred shares granted 13 November 2009, valued at $166,251 at vesting on 13 November 2010 (based on one day VWAP on 12 November 2010, as 13 November was a non-trading day), STI deferred options granted 31 October 2008, valued at $186,886 at vesting on 31 October 2010 and LTI performance rights granted 30 October 2007, valued at $1,441,258 at vesting on 31 October 2010. 7 C Page – Other grants/benefits includes car parking, relocation expenses and taxation services. Equity which has been previously disclosed in remuneration reports in prior years that first vested in 2011 included STI deferred shares granted 13 November 2009, valued at $358,091 at vesting on 13 November 2010 (based on one day VWAP on 12 November 2010, as 13 November was a non-trading day). Short Term Incentive (STI) – Targets and Outcomes ANZ uses a balanced scorecard to measure performance in relation to the Group’s main STI program. The scorecard provides a framework whereby a combination of measures can be applied to ensure a broader long term strategic focus on driving shareholder value as well as a focus on short term outcomes. In 2011 there were four categories containing a total of 20 measures agreed at the beginning of the fi nancial year and they have not been changed. Each of the four categories are broadly equal in weight. The following table provides examples of some of the key measures used in 2011 for assessing performance for the purpose of determining bonus pools and also individual performance outcomes. The list is not comprehensive but provides examples of the measures under each of the balanced scorecard categories. Category Measure Outcome Customer Customer satisfaction (based on external survey outcomes) Finance Tier 1 capital Liquidity stress testing policies Core funding ratio Underlying earnings per share Underlying economic profi t Total shareholder return ANZ aims to achieve top quartile customer satisfaction across each of its businesses based on external survey outcomes. In 2011 ANZ maintained top quartile performance in Australia in the Retail, Commercial and Institutional segments and in the Institutional segment in New Zealand. In New Zealand, satisfaction in Retail improved and remained constant in Commercial, however, satisfaction levels were slightly behind the other major banks. Individual measures in the Finance category target both fi nancial strength and fi nancial performance relative to peers and internal targets. In the current economic environment, fi nancial strength measures for Capital, Liquidity and Funding are regarded as particularly important. For each of those measures the target was met or exceeded. ANZ is well capitalised with the Tier 1 ratio of 10.9% comfortably above both internal targets and regulator requirements. Throughout the period ANZ has complied with internal liquidity stress testing policies and has maintained its Core Funding Ratio at comfortable levels. Underlying Earnings Per Share and Underlying Economic Profi t are each measured against strong growth objectives set by the Board. Total Shareholder Return is measured against the mean of our Australian peers. While ANZ’s EPS grew strongly (up 10% for the year), a signifi cant decline in Global Markets trading income, in line with global sector trends, in the last half dampened the growth. Economic Profi t is measured against the Board approved Operating Plan and performance fell short due to Global Markets income. While Statutory Profi t and Underlying Profi t grew 19% and 12% respectively year on year and dividends increased 11%, the shareholder return lagged peers with share price growth reducing somewhat after outperformance in 2010. 20 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Category Measure Outcome People Employee engagement Percentage of women in management Corporate social responsibility Process/ Risk Underlying individual provision charge Number of high severity IT incidents Number of operational incidents Number of outstanding internal audit items An engaged workforce is regarded as an important driver of above average long term performance. ANZ employee engagement increased from 64% in 2010 to 70% in 2011, above the 68% internal target. ANZ is focused on increasing the diversity of its workforce and targeted an increase in women in management; however results remained fl at year on year. ANZ met its Corporate Responsibility Targets for 2011. The management of risk is fundamental to the ongoing stability of the banking industry. In this scorecard category ANZ has measures for both credit and operating risk. In 2011 ANZ achieved a 33% reduction in credit losses, compared to a target of 28%, with provisioning levels beginning to revert to pre-crisis levels. This reduction was achieved despite the impact of a number of natural disasters in New Zealand and Australia. High severity IT incidents reduced by 47%. ANZ Global Internal Audit conduct a rigorous review process to identify any weaknesses in procedures and/or compliance with policies and in 2011 there was a signifi cant reduction in the number of outstanding internal audit items with the Group outperforming against target. Performance and Short Term Incentive Correlation Short Term Incentive Payments for the CEO and Disclosed Executives on average were lower for 2011 than for the prior year. For 2011 the average STI for the CEO and Disclosed Executives was 110% of target compared to 137% of target for the prior year. Whilst ANZ has had another record year and profi ts have increased steadily, performance needs to be assessed across the full range of quantitative and qualitative measures. The Board has given full consideration to the performance of the Group and the Disclosed Executives, and determined that whilst still performing strongly, on balance the rewards should be reduced from prior year. The Board sets stretching growth targets for the Management Team to drive strong, responsible and sustainable growth. Remuneration Report 21 REMUNERATION REPORT – FULL (Audited) Remuneration Report – Full (Audited) The Directors’ Remuneration Report is designed to provide shareholders with an understanding of ANZ’s remuneration policies which relate to Key Management Personnel (KMP) as defi ned under the Corporations Act and the link between remuneration and ANZ’s performance, along with individual outcomes for ANZ’s Non-Executive Directors (NEDs), Chief Executive Offi cer (CEO) and Disclosed Executives. This Remuneration Report has been prepared in accordance with section 300A of the Corporations Act for the Company and the consolidated entity for 2010 and 2011. The information provided in this Remuneration Report has been audited as required by section 308(3C) of the Corporations Act. This Remuneration Report forms part of the Directors’ Report. Board Oversight of Remuneration The Human Resources (HR) Committee has responsibility for reviewing and making recommendations to the Board in relation to director and executive remuneration, and executive succession (excluding the role of Group General Manager Global Internal Audit which is addressed separately by the Board Audit Committee). The HR Committee specifi cally makes recommendations to the Board on remuneration and succession matters related to the CEO, and individual remuneration arrangements for other key executives covered by the Group’s Remuneration Policy, the design of signifi cant incentive plans (such as the ANZ Employee Reward Scheme (ANZERS) and the Institutional Incentive Plan) and remuneration structures for senior executives and others specifi cally covered by the Remuneration Policy (refer to page 57 of the Corporate Governance Report for more details about the Committee’s role, and anz.com > About Us > Our Company > Corporate Governance > ANZ Human Resources Committee Charter, which details the terms of reference under which the HR Committee operates). On a number of occasions throughout the year, the HR Committee and management received information from external providers (the following advisors were used: Ernst & Young, Hay Group, Freehills, Mercer (Australia) Pty Ltd and PricewaterhouseCoopers). This information related to remuneration market data and analysis, remuneration market practice regarding the structure and design of short term incentive and long term incentive programs, analysis of legislative requirements in relation to executive remuneration, and interpretation of Australian and global remuneration governance and regulatory requirements. The HR Committee did not receive any recommendations from remuneration consultants during the year in relation to the remuneration arrangements of KMP. ANZ employs in house remuneration professionals who analyse and interpret the information received from external providers and where recommendations were provided to the Board, these were direct from management. The Board’s decisions were made independently using the information provided and having careful regard to ANZ’s position, strategic objectives and current requirements. Non-Executive Directors Throughout this report specifi c disclosures are provided in relation to the remuneration of the Non-Executive Directors (NEDs) set out in Table 1, who fall within the defi nition of KMP of the Company and of the Group. TABLE 1: NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Current Non-Executive Directors J Morschel G Clark P Hay H Lee I Macfarlane D Meiklejohn A Watkins Chairman, Independent Non-Executive Director – Appointed Director October 2004; Appointed Chairman 1 March 2010 Independent Non-Executive Director – Appointed February 2004 Independent Non-Executive Director – Appointed November 2008 Independent Non-Executive Director – Appointed February 2009 Independent Non-Executive Director – Appointed February 2007 Independent Non-Executive Director – Appointed October 2004 Independent Non-Executive Director – Appointed November 2008 Former Non-Executive Directors C Goode J Ellis Chairman, Independent Non-Executive Director – Appointed Director July 1991; Appointed Chairman August 1995; Retired 28 February 2010 Independent Non-Executive Director – Appointed October 1995; Retired 18 December 2009 22 ANZ Annual Report 2011 CEO and Disclosed Executives Throughout this report specifi c disclosures are provided in relation to the remuneration of both the Chief Executive Offi cer (CEO) and the other current and former executives set out in Table 2 below. The term ‘Disclosed Executives’ is used in this report to refer to these executives other than the CEO. The Disclosed Executives are those direct reports of the CEO with key responsibility for the strategic direction and management of a major revenue generating Division or who control material revenue and expenses who fall within the defi nition of KMP of the Company and of the Group, and include the fi ve highest paid executives in the Company and the Group (being the fi ve highest paid, relevant Group and Company executives who participate in making decisions that aff ect the whole, or a substantial part, of the business of the Company or who have the capacity to signifi cantly aff ect the Company’s fi nancial standing). The Group operates on a divisional structure with Australia, Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America (APEA), Institutional and New Zealand being the major operating divisions. TABLE 2: CEO AND DISCLOSED EXECUTIVES Executive Director M Smith Current Disclosed Executives P Chronican S Elliott D Hisco G Hodges P Marriott C Page A Thursby Former Disclosed Executives Chief Executive Offi cer Chief Executive Offi cer, Australia – appointed 30 November 2009 Chief Executive Offi cer, Institutional Chief Executive Offi cer, New Zealand – appointed 13 October 2010 Deputy Chief Executive Offi cer Chief Financial Offi cer Chief Risk Offi cer Chief Executive Offi cer, Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America J Fagg Former Chief Executive Offi cer, New Zealand – stepped down from role due to illness 1 September 2010 1. Non-Executive Director Remuneration 1.1. BOARD POLICY ON REMUNERATION Table 3 sets out the key principles that underpin the Board’s policy on NED remuneration: TABLE 3: PRINCIPLES UNDERPINNING THE REMUNERATION POLICY FOR NEDs Principle Comment Aggregate Board and Committee fees are within the maximum annual aggregate limit approved by shareholders Fees are set by reference to key considerations The remuneration structure preserves independence whilst aligning interests of NEDs and shareholders No retirement benefi ts The current aggregate fee pool for NEDs of $3.5 million was approved by shareholders at the 2008 Annual General Meeting. The annual total of NEDs’ fees, including superannuation contributions, is within this agreed limit. NEDs are also eligible for other payments outside the limit such as reimbursement for business related expenses, including travel, and retirement benefi ts accrued as at September 2005. Board and Committee fees are set by reference to a number of relevant considerations including: general industry practice and best principles of corporate governance; the responsibilities and risks attaching to the role of NED; the time commitment expected of the NEDs on Group and Company matters; and reference to fees paid to other NEDs of comparable companies. So that independence and impartiality is maintained, fees are not linked to the performance of the Company and NEDs are not eligible to participate in any of the Group’s incentive arrangements. NEDs also have adopted Shareholding Guidelines (refer section 1.3). NEDs do not accrue separate retirement benefi ts in addition to statutory superannuation entitlements. (Refer to Table 4 for details of preserved benefi ts for NEDs who participated in the ANZ Directors’ Retirement Scheme prior to its closure in 2005). Remuneration Report 23 REMUNERATION REPORT – FULL (Audited) (continued) 1.2. COMPONENTS OF NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR REMUNERATION NEDs receive a fee for being a Director of the Board, and additional fees for either chairing or being a member of a committee. The Chairman of the Board does not receive additional fees for service on Board Committees. There has been no increase to the NED fee pool since 2008. Based on an independent assessment of the competitiveness of ANZ’s NED remuneration in comparison to other major companies and forecast market movements the Board elected to increase NED fees for the 2011 fi nancial year, in order to remain market competitive and to refl ect the increased accountability and time commitment of NEDs. For details of remuneration paid to Directors for the years 2010 and 2011, refer to Table 6 in this Remuneration Report. TABLE 4: COMPONENTS OF REMUNERATION FOR NEDS Elements Details Board/Committee fees 2011 Fees per annum are: Board Chairman Fee Board NED Base Fee Committee Fees Audit Risk Human Resources Governance Technology $775,000 $210,000 Committee Chair $65,000 $57,000 $55,000 $35,000 $35,000 Committee Member $32,500 $30,000 $25,000 $15,000 $15,000 Other fees/benefi ts Post-employment benefi ts Work on Special Committees may attract additional fees of an amount considered appropriate in the circumstances. Superannuation contributions are made at a rate of 9% (but only up to the Government’s prescribed maximum contributions limit) which satisfi es the Company’s statutory superannuation contributions and are not included in the base fee. The ANZ Directors’ Retirement Scheme was closed eff ective 30 September 2005. Accrued entitlements relating to the ANZ Directors’ Retirement Scheme were fi xed at 30 September 2005 and NEDs had the option to convert these entitlements into ANZ shares. Such entitlements, either in ANZ shares or cash, will be carried forward and transferred to the NED when they retire (including interest accrued at the 30 day bank bill rate for cash entitlements). The accrued entitlements for current NEDs fi xed under the ANZ Directors’ Retirement Scheme as at 30 September 2005 were as follows: G Clark D Meiklejohn J Morschel $83,197 $64,781 $60,459 With eff ect from 1 October 2009, ANZ ceased all new purchases under the Directors’ Share Plan (the Plan), although existing shares will continue to be held in trust. As shares were purchased from remuneration forgone, they were not subject to performance conditions. Participation in the plan was voluntary. Shares acquired under the Plan were purchased on market and were subject to a minimum one year restriction, during which the shares could not be traded. In the event of serious misconduct, all shares held in trust will be forfeited. All costs associated with the Plan are met by the Company. The Plan was not a performance-based share plan and was not intended as an incentive component of NED remuneration. Directors’ Share Plan 24 ANZ Annual Report 2011 1.3. SHAREHOLDINGS OF NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS In recognising that ownership of Company shares aligns Directors’ interests with those of shareholders, Directors adopted Shareholding Guidelines in 2005. These guidelines require Directors to accumulate shares, over a fi ve year period from appointment, to the value of 100% (200% for the Chairman) of the base annual NED fee and to maintain this shareholding while a Director of ANZ. Directors have agreed that where their holding is below this guideline they will direct a minimum of 25% of their fees each year toward achieving this shareholding. The movement during the reporting period in shareholdings of NEDs (held directly, indirectly and by related parties) is provided below: TABLE 5: NED SHAREHOLDINGS Name Type of shares Current Non-Executive Directors J Morschel G Clark P Hay4 H Lee I Macfarlane D Meiklejohn A Watkins Directors' Share Plan Ordinary shares Directors' Share Plan Ordinary shares Directors' Share Plan Ordinary shares Directors' Share Plan Ordinary shares Directors' Share Plan Ordinary shares CPS2 CPS3 Ordinary shares Directors' Share Plan Ordinary shares Balance as at 1 Oct 2010 Shares from changes during the year1 Balance as at 30 Sep 20112,3 Balance as at report sign-off date 7,860 8,042 5,479 10,000 2,812 6,231 1,654 8,000 2,574 11,042 500 – 16,198 3,419 16,042 – 3,000 – – 178 2,422 105 – (2,574) 6,574 – 1,000 – – – 7,860 11,042 5,479 10,000 2,990 8,653 1,759 8,000 – 17,616 500 1,000 16,198 3,419 16,042 7,860 11,042 5,479 10,000 2,990 8,653 1,759 8,000 – 17,616 500 1,000 16,198 3,419 16,042 1 Shares from changes during the year include the net result of any shares purchased/sold or acquired under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan. 2 The following shares (included in the holdings above) were held on behalf of the NEDs (i.e. indirect beneficially held shares) as at 30 September 2011: J Morschel – 11,860; G Clark – 15,479; P Hay – 11,369; H Lee – 1,759; I Macfarlane – 19,116; D Meiklejohn – 13,698; A Watkins – 18,419. 3 Total shareholding balance as at 30 September 2011 as a % of base fee: J Morschel – 176%; G Clark – 144%; P Hay – 108%; H Lee – 91%; I Macfarlane – 178%; D Meiklejohn – 151%; A Watkins – 181%. The value of shares has been calculated using the closing price on 30 September 2011 of $19.52. The percentage of base fee has been determined by comparing the share value against the current base annual NED fee of $210,000. 4 Shareholdings for P Hay excludes 19,855 shares as at 30 September 2011 (2010: 19,855) which are held indirectly where P Hay has no beneficial interest. Remuneration Report 25 REMUNERATION REPORT – FULL (Audited) (continued) 1.4. REMUNERATION PAID TO NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Remuneration details of NEDs for 2010 and 2011 are set out below in Table 6. Overall, there is a decrease in total NED remuneration year on year, largely due to termination benefi ts provided to C Goode and J Ellis on their retirement from the Board in the 2010 year. TABLE 6: NED REMUNERATION FOR 2011 AND 2010 Short-Term Employee Benefi ts Financial Year Board fees $ Committee fees $ Short term incentive $ Other $ Current Non-Executive Directors4 J Morschel (Appointed Director October 2004; appointed Chairman March 2010) Independent Non Executive Director, Chairman G Clark (Appointed February 2004) Independent Non-Executive Director P Hay (Appointed November 2008) Independent Non-Executive Director H Lee (Appointed February 2009) Independent Non-Executive Director I Macfarlane (Appointed February 2007) Independent Non-Executive Director D Meiklejohn (Appointed October 2004) Independent Non-Executive Director A Watkins (Appointed November 2008) Independent Non-Executive Director Former Non-Executive Directors C Goode (Appointed Director July 1991; appointed Chairman August 1995; retired 28 February 2010) Independent Non-Executive Director, Chairman J Ellis (Appointed October 1995; retired 18 December 2009) Independent Non-Executive Director Total of all Non-Executive Directors4 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 775,000 517,917 210,000 200,000 210,000 200,000 210,000 200,000 210,000 200,000 210,000 200,000 210,000 200,000 2010 326,250 2010 2011 2010 43,000 2,035,000 2,087,167 – 48,333 90,000 61,000 92,500 76,000 70,000 35,000 104,500 72,000 110,000 106,000 102,500 103,000 – – 569,500 501,333 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a – – – – – – – – – – 1863 – – – 8,2333 8,5463 186 16,779 1 The termination benefits paid to C Goode and J Ellis (in 2010) on their respective retirements from the Board relate to the benefits accrued under the ANZ Director’s Retirement Scheme which existed prior to September 2005 and interest on that benefit. For C Goode, shares acquired under the ANZ Director’s Retirement Scheme were transferred on retirement. The price on retirement was $22.9507 (based on one day VWAP as at 26 February 2010). For J Ellis, shares acquired under the ANZ Director’s Retirement Scheme were transferred on retirement. The price on retirement was $21.3694 (based on one day VWAP as at 18 December 2009). 2 Amounts disclosed for remuneration of Directors exclude insurance premiums paid by the Group in respect of Directors’ and officers’ liability insurance contracts. The total premium, which cannot be disclosed because of confidentiality requirements, has not been allocated to the individuals covered by the insurance policy as, based on all available information, the Directors believe that no reasonable basis for such allocation exists. 3 For D Meiklejohn, other relates to office space. For C Goode, other relates to gifts on retirement. For J Ellis, other relates to car parking, office space and gifts on retirement. 4 Due to consistency of remuneration structure, the remuneration details of the CEO (who is the only Executive Director) are included in Table 17 with other Disclosed Executives. 26 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Post- Employment Long-Term Employee Benefi ts Termination Benefi ts1 Share-Based Payments Total $ Super contributions $ Long service leave accrued during the year $ 775,000 566,250 300,000 261,000 302,500 276,000 280,000 235,000 314,500 272,000 320,186 306,000 312,500 303,000 15,343 14,646 15,343 14,646 15,343 14,646 15,343 14,646 15,343 14,646 15,343 14,646 15,343 14,646 334,483 7,231 51,546 2,604,686 2,605,279 3,615 107,401 113,368 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a $ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,398,845 478,333 – 1,877,178 Total amortisation value of equity $ Total Remuneration2 $ n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 790,343 580,896 315,343 275,646 317,843 290,646 295,343 249,646 329,843 286,646 335,529 320,646 327,843 317,646 1,740,559 533,494 2,712,087 4,595,825 Remuneration Report 27 REMUNERATION REPORT – FULL (Audited) (continued) 2. CEO and Disclosed Executive Remuneration 2.1. REMUNERATION GUIDING PRINCIPLES ANZ’s remuneration strategies and initiatives shape the Group’s Remuneration Policy, which is approved by the Board. The following principles underpin ANZ’s Remuneration Policy for Executives: Focus on creating and enhancing value for all ANZ stakeholders; Emphasis on ‘at risk’ components of total rewards which are designed to encourage behaviour that supports both the long-term fi nancial soundness and the risk management framework of ANZ, and delivers superior long-term total shareholder returns; Diff erentiation of individual rewards in line with ANZ’s culture of rewarding for out performance, adherence to standards of behaviour, and to risk and compliance policies and processes; and The provision of a competitive reward proposition to successfully attract, motivate and retain the highest quality individuals required to deliver ANZ’s business and growth strategies. 2.2. PERFORMANCE OF ANZ Sustained Company performance over the long-term is a key focus for ANZ. The success of ANZ’s Remuneration Policy in aligning shareholder and the CEO and Disclosed Executive rewards is achieved through the clear link between Company performance over time and the benefi ts derived by the CEO and Disclosed Executives from the ‘at-risk’ components of their remuneration over the past fi ve years. TABLE 7: ANZ’S PERFORMANCE 2007 – 2011 Basic earnings per share (EPS) NPAT ($m) Total dividend (cps) Share price at 30 September ($) Total shareholder return (12 month %) Underlying profi t1 2011 208.2 5,355 140 19.52 -12.6 5,652 2010 178.9 4,501 126 23.68 1.9 5,025 2009 131.0 2,943 102 24.39 40.3 3,772 2008 170.4 3,319 136 18.75 -33.5 3,426 2007 224.1 4,180 136 29.70 15.6 3,924 1 Profit has been adjusted to exclude non-core items to arrive at underlying profit, the result for the ongoing business activities of the Group. These adjustments have been determined on a consistent basis with those made in prior periods. The adjustments made in arriving at underlying earnings are included in statutory profit, and are therefore subject to audit within the context of the Group statutory audit opinion. Underlying profit is not audited, however, the external auditor has informed the Audit Committee that the adjustments are based on the guidelines released by the Australian Institute of Company Directors (AICD) and the Financial Services Institute of Australasia (FINSIA), and consistent with prior period adjustments. Figure 1 compares ANZ’s TSR performance against the median TSR and upper quartile TSR of the LTI comparator group and the S&P/ASX 200 Banks Accumulation Index (Fin Index) over the 2007 to 2011 measurement period. FIGURE 1: ANZ 5-YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL SHAREHOLDER RETURN PERFORMANCE e g a t n e c r e P 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 Upper Quartile TSR Median TSR Fin Index TSR ANZ TSR 6 0 p e S 7 0 r a M 7 0 p e S 8 0 r a M 8 0 p e S 9 0 r a M 9 0 p e S 0 1 r a M 0 1 p e S 1 1 r a M 1 1 p e S Performance period Note that from 31 May 2010 onwards, ANZ’s TSR was ranked at the 75th percentile of its comparator group. This has resulted in the convergence of ANZ’s TSR and the 75th percentile TSR lines since 31 May 2010. 28 ANZ Annual Report 2011 FIGURE 2: ANZ – UNDERLYING PROFIT1 & AVERAGE STI PAYMENTS ($ MILLION) , 5 6 5 2 , 5 0 2 5 , 3 9 2 4 , 3 4 2 6 , 3 7 7 2 X , X X X % of target STI paid to the CEO and Disclosed Executives 110% 76% 106% 137% 110% 07 08 09 10 11 Underlying Profit ($milion)1 Average STI payments against targets Target STI Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between the average actual STI payments against target and the Group’s performance measured using underlying profi t over the last 5 years. The average STI payments for each year are based on those executives (including the CEO) disclosed in each relevant reporting period. We use a balanced scorecard approach to determine annual STI outcomes, meaning factors other than just underlying profi t outcomes can infl uence the STI awarded in a particular year. As illustrated in the chart, the average STI payments are generally in alignment with the underlying profi t trend, however, for 2011, while underlying profi t has increased the Board determined that based on the overall Company performance against the balanced scorecard of measures, the average percentage of STI payment paid against target would be less than in prior years. This demonstrates a strong correlation between overall performance and reward. 1 Profit has been adjusted to exclude non-core items to arrive at underlying profit, the result for the ongoing business activities of the Group. These adjustments have been determined on a consistent basis with those made in prior periods. The adjustments made in arriving at underlying earnings are included in statutory profit, and are therefore subject to audit within the context of the Group statutory audit opinion. Underlying profit is not audited, however, the external auditor has informed the Audit Committee that the adjustments are based on the guidelines released by the Australian Institute of Company Directors (AICD) and the Financial Services Institute of Australasia (FINSIA), and consistent with prior period adjustments. 150 125 100 75 2.3. REMUNERATION STRUCTURE OVERVIEW The key aspects of ANZ’s remuneration strategy for Disclosed Executives (including the CEO) are set out below: REMUNERATION OBJECTIVES Shareholder value creation Emphasis on ‘at risk’ components Reward diff erentiation to drive out-performance Attract, motivate and retain talent Pay for performance Total target remuneration set by reference to geographic market Fixed At risk Fixed remuneration Short Term Incentive (STI) Long Term Incentive (LTI) Fixed remuneration is set based on fi nancial services market/internal relativities refl ecting: responsibilities, performance, qualifi cations, experience and location STI targets are linked to the performance targets of the Group, Division and Individual using a balanced scorecard approach LTI Targets are linked to relative TSR over the longer term The Group’s Remuneration Policy promotes a strong focus on key performance measures that align executive short and long term reward with shareholder returns. Remuneration Report 29 REMUNERATION REPORT – FULL (Audited) (continued) 2.4. REMUNERATION COMPONENTS The Board aims to achieve a balance between fi xed and at-risk components of remuneration that refl ects market conditions for each seniority level. The relative proportion of fi xed and at-risk remuneration is as set out below: TABLE 8: ANNUAL TOTAL REWARD MIX PERCENTAGE (% BASED ON AT TARGET LEVELS OF PERFORMANCE) CEO Disclosed Executives 2.5. CEO REMUNERATION The CEO is the only Executive Director at ANZ. Fixed Fixed remuneration 33% 37% At Risk STI 33% 44% LTI 33% 19% The components of the CEO’s remuneration package are substantially the same as other Disclosed Executives. However, there are some diff erences in the quantum, delivery and timing of the CEO’s arrangements. In the interests of clarity and in order to ensure a thorough understanding of the arrangements that are in place for the CEO, the following table provides a summary of these arrangements as well as cross references to other sections of the report where these arrangements are outlined in further detail. Details Summary Fixed remuneration This is the only ‘guaranteed’ component of the CEO’s remuneration package. The level of fi xed pay for the CEO was increased from $3 million to $3.15 million in October 2010 and this was the fi rst increase since the CEO’s commencement in October 2007. The Board determined that based on fi xed remuneration remaining unchanged since commencement, and the importance of rewarding the CEO commensurate with his peers, it was appropriate to provide a fi xed pay increase of 5%. The CEO’s fi xed pay will remain unchanged at $3.15 million for the year commencing 1 October 2011. Short-Term Incentives (STI) The CEO has an annual opportunity to receive an incentive payment equivalent to the value of his fi xed remuneration, i.e. $3.15 million. The actual amount paid can increase or decrease from this number dependent on his performance as CEO and the performance of the organisation as a whole. Specifi cally, if, in the Board’s view the CEO has out- performed and exceeded his targets, the Board may exercise its discretion to increase his STI beyond his target payment. The actual short term incentive paid in November 2010 which related to the 2010 year, was $4.75 million of which $2.25 million was deferred (half deferred for one year and the other half deferred for two years). The Board assessed the CEO’s performance against his 2010 scorecard as exceeding his objectives. The Board approved the CEO’s 2011 balanced scorecard at the start of the year and then assessed his performance against these objectives at the end of the 2011 year to determine the appropriate incentive (relative to target). As per the HR Committee Charter, robust performance measures and targets for the CEO that encourage superior long-term performance and ethical behaviour are recommended by the HR Committee to the full Board. The key objectives for 2011 included a number of quantitative and qualitative measures, which included (but were not limited to) fi nancial goals, customer satisfaction, risk management, progress towards long-term strategic goals, strengthening the management bench, and people/culture measures. These measures were selected as the Board’s view was that they best represented alignment to the achievement of ANZ’s short and long term strategic goals through a balanced approach taking into consideration impacts on the fi nancials, customer, employees, processes and risk management. A balanced scorecard is used as it provides a framework where a combination of metrics can be applied to ensure a broad strategic focus on performance rather than just having a focus on short-term activities. The method of assessment to determine the outcomes against each measure involved an independent review and endorsement by the Chief Risk Offi cer (CRO) and Chief Financial Offi cer (CFO), followed by review and endorsement by the HR Committee to the Board. The method of assessment used to measure performance has been adopted to ensure validation from a risk management and fi nancial performance perspective, along with independent input and recommendation from the HR Committee to the Board for approval. Based on the Board’s assessment, the STI payment for the CEO for the 2011 year will be $3.3 million with $1.75 million paid in cash and the balance ($1.55 million) awarded as deferred shares. Half the deferred shares will be restricted for one year and half for two years. 30 ANZ Annual Report 2011 2.5. CEO REMUNERATION (CONTINUED) Details Summary Special equity allocation Long Term Incentives (LTI) Purpose In 2008 the Board reviewed the contract and retention arrangements of the CEO to ensure that they continued to be market competitive. Following this review, the Board considered it reasonable and appropriate to grant the CEO 700,000 options. This resolution was approved by shareholders at the 2008 AGM and the options were granted on 18 December 2008. These options will be available for exercise from the date of vesting, 18 December 2011, with the option exercise price being equal to the market value of ANZ shares at the date they were granted i.e. $14.18 per share. Upon exercise, each option entitles the CEO to one ordinary ANZ share. At grant the options were independently valued at $2.27 each i.e. a total value of $1.589 million. The value at vesting date will be based on the amount by which the market price exceeds the exercise price multiplied by the total number of options. The LTI arrangements are designed to link a signifi cant portion of remuneration to shareholder interests by ensuring rewards are commensurate with shareholder return from their investment. Type of equity awarded LTI is delivered to the CEO as performance rights. A performance right is a right to acquire a share at nil cost, subject to meeting time and performance hurdles. Upon exercise, each performance right entitles the CEO to one ordinary share. Time restrictions Performance rights awarded to the CEO will be tested once only against the performance hurdle at the end of three years. A three year time based hurdle provides a reasonable period to align CEO reward with shareholder return and also acts as a retention vehicle to motivate and retain the CEO. If the performance rights do not achieve the required performance hurdle they are forfeited at that time. Subject to the performance hurdle being met, the CEO then has a one year exercise period. Performance hurdle The performance rights granted to the CEO have a single long-term performance measure. The performance rights are designed to reward the CEO if the Company’s TSR is at or above the median TSR of a group of peer companies over a three year period. TSR represents the change in the value of a share plus the value of reinvested dividends paid. TSR was chosen as the most appropriate comparative measure as it focuses on the delivery of shareholder value and is a well understood and tested mechanism to measure performance. Vesting schedule The proportion of performance rights that become exercisable will depend upon the TSR achieved by ANZ relative to the companies in the comparator group (shown below) at the end of the three year period. An averaging calculation is used for TSR over a 90 day period for start and end values in order to reduce the impact of share price volatility. To ensure an independent TSR measurement, ANZ engages the services of an external organisation (Mercer (Australia) Pty Ltd) to calculate ANZ’s performance against the TSR hurdle. Performance equal to the median of the comparator group will result in half of the performance rights vesting. Achieving TSR above the median will result in further performance rights vesting, increasing on a straight line basis until ANZ’s TSR equals or exceeds the 75th percentile of the comparator group at which time all the performance rights vest. Where ANZ’s performance falls between two of the comparators, TSR is measured on a pro-rata basis. Comparator group Due to the merger of AMP Limited and AXA Asia Pacifi c Holdings Limited on 31 March 2011 and in accordance with the specifi c terms of the grant, the Board approved the following changes to the LTI comparator group against which ANZ’s TSR performance is measured. For existing grants which are still subject to performance testing the comparator group has been reduced to eight companies, as below, i.e. AXA Asia Pacifi c Holdings Limited has been removed entirely: AMP Limited Commonwealth Bank of Australia Limited Insurance Australia Group Limited Macquarie Bank Limited National Australia Bank Limited QBE Insurance Group Limited Suncorp-Metway Limited Westpac Banking Corporation Limited For 2011 LTI awards and any subsequent LTI awards, the Board approved that ASX Limited be added to the comparator group. Remuneration Report 31 REMUNERATION REPORT – FULL (Audited) (continued) Long Term Incentives (LTI) – grants covering fi rst 3 years (2007 – 2009) Three tranches of performance rights were provided to the CEO in December 2007, each to a maximum value of $3 million, covering his fi rst three years in the role. Each tranche is to be tested based on ANZ’s relative TSR against the comparator group. The fi rst tranche was tested after three years and as a result of performance testing (a result of 90.27%) 258,620 performance rights vested on 19 December 2010. The value at vesting was $6.117 million (based on the one day VWAP of $23.6535 per share), and they were subsequently exercised during the year. The other two tranches will be tested in December 2011 and December 2012 respectively. No retesting is available. The CEO will only receive a benefi t from the second and third tranches if the performance hurdles are met. Long Term Incentives (LTI) – 2010 At the 2010 Annual General Meeting shareholders approved an LTI grant of performance rights to the CEO equivalent to 100% of his 2010 Fixed Pay, being $3 million. This equated to a total of 253,164 performance rights, at an allocation value of $11.85 per right, which will be subject to testing against the relative TSR hurdle after three years, i.e. December 2013. The Board recommended the LTI grant, having regard to the need to motivate the CEO, and in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders as the grant strengthens the alignment of the CEO’s interests with shareholders over the next three years. Long Term Incentives (LTI) – 2011 For 2011, it is proposed to allocate $3.15 million (100% of fi xed pay) LTI to be delivered as performance rights which will be subject to testing against the relative TSR hurdle after three years, i.e. December 2014, subject to shareholder approval at the 2011 Annual General Meeting. Sign-on award Cessation of employment provisions In addition to his standard remuneration arrangements, the CEO was provided with additional equity as part of his original sign-on arrangements to recognise remuneration forgone from his previous employer in order to join ANZ. The CEO was off ered $9 million on his commencement which he elected to take as deferred shares, with one third of the award vesting in each of October 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively. The sign-on award equated to a total of 330,033 ANZ shares at the time of grant when the share price was $27.2751. Given the purpose of the sign-on award for the CEO was to compensate him for remuneration forgone, the ANZ deferred shares were not subject to any performance hurdles. The allocation of deferred shares does, however, strengthen the alignment of the CEO’s interests with shareholders. On 2 October 2008, 110,011 of those shares became available to the CEO. However, the nominal value of the shares had declined from the original grant value of $3 million to $2.097 million on 2 October 2008 (based on the one day VWAP of $19.0610 per share). The second tranche vested on 2 October 2009 and, based on the one day VWAP of $23.5600 per share, the value at vesting was $2.592 million. The fi nal tranche vested on 2 October 2010 and, based on the one day VWAP of $23.5385 per share on 1 October 2010 (2 October 2010 was a non-trading day); the value at vesting was $2.589 million. The provisions that apply in the case of cessation of employment are detailed in Section 3.1 CEO’s Contract Terms. 2.6. DISCLOSED EXECUTIVE REMUNERATION The reward structure for Disclosed Executives is as detailed below. The only exception is the Chief Risk Offi cer (CRO) whose remuneration arrangements have been structured diff erently to preserve the independence of this role and to minimise any confl icts of interest to carry out the risk control function across the organisation. The CRO’s role has a greater weighting on fi xed pay with more limited leverage for individual performance and none (either positive or negative) for Group performance. In 2010, LTI awards were delivered as unhurdled deferred shares and in 2011 (and beyond) will be delivered as unhurdled deferred share rights, both with a three year time based hurdle. The Company’s relative TSR performance hurdle is not associated with the LTI award to ensure greater impartiality and independence of this role. 2.6.1. FIXED REMUNERATION The fi xed remuneration amount is expressed as a total dollar amount which can be taken as cash salary, 9% superannuation contributions, and other nominated benefi ts (e.g. novated car lease). Fixed remuneration at ANZ is reviewed annually. ANZ sets remuneration ranges with a midpoint targeted to the local market median being paid in the fi nancial services industry in the relevant global markets in which ANZ operates and based on internal relativities refl ecting responsibilities, performance, qualifi cations, experience and location. The fi nancial services market is considered the appropriate market as this is the key pool of sourcing talent for ANZ, consisting of companies operating in a similar geographic environment to ANZ. This market consists of companies where key talent may be lost to and therefore competitive remuneration against these companies is appropriate. 32 ANZ Annual Report 2011 2.6.2. VARIABLE REMUNERATION Variable remuneration forms a signifi cant part of Disclosed Executives’ potential remuneration, providing at risk components that are designed to drive performance in the short, medium and long-term. The term ‘variable remuneration’ within ANZ covers both the STI and LTI arrangements. 2.6.3. SHORT TERM INCENTIVES (STI) Details of the STI arrangements for Disclosed Executives are provided in Table 9 below: TABLE 9: SUMMARY OF STI ARRANGEMENTS Purpose The STI arrangements support ANZ’s strategic objectives by providing rewards that are signifi cantly diff erentiated on the basis of achievement against annual performance targets. ANZ’s Employee Reward Scheme (ANZERS) structure is reviewed by the HR Committee and approved by the Board. The size of the overall pool is determined by the Board and is based on an assessment of the balanced scorecard of measures of the Group, with this pool then distributed between the diff erent Divisions based on their relative performance against a balanced scorecard of quantitative and qualitative measures. Performance targets The STI targets are set to ensure appropriate focus on achievement of ANZ, Division and individual performance aligned with ANZ’s overall strategy. Individual performance objectives for Disclosed Executives are based on a number of qualitative and quantitative measures which may include: Financial measures including economic profi t, revenue growth, EPS growth, capital, liquidity and operating costs, as these are the measures that refl ect shareholder returns; Customer measures including customer satisfaction and market share; Process measures including process improvements and cost benefi ts; and risk management, audit and compliance measures/standards, in light of operational excellence objectives; and People measures including employee engagement, diversity targets and corporate responsibility. Targets are set considering prior year performance, industry standards and ANZ’s growth agenda. The specifi c targets and features relating to all these qualitative and quantitative measures have not been provided in detail due to their commercial sensitivity. The performance and achievements of relevant Disclosed Executives against these objectives is reviewed at the end of the year by the CEO, taking into consideration input on each individual’s risk management from the CRO and input on the fi nancial performance of all key divisions from the CFO. Preliminary and fi nal review is completed by the HR Committee and fi nal outcomes are approved by the Board. The method of assessment used to measure performance has been adopted to ensure validation from a risk management and fi nancial performance perspective, along with independent input and recommendation from the HR Committee to the Board for approval. Determining STI pools The 2011 target STI award level for Disclosed Executives (excluding the CEO) is 120% of fi xed remuneration. Rewarding performance The STI program and the targets that are set have been designed to motivate and reward superior performance. The size of the actual STI payment made at the end of each fi nancial year to individuals will be determined based on performance as detailed above as determined by the Board, and provided that there have been no inappropriate behaviour or risk/compliance/audit breaches. Within the overall incentive pool approved by the Board, Disclosed Executives who out-perform relative to their peers and signifi cantly exceed targets may be rewarded with an STI award which is signifi cantly higher than their target STI. Conversely, the weaker performers relative to their peers may not be eligible to receive any STI award. Remuneration Report 33 REMUNERATION REPORT – FULL (Audited) (continued) Mandatory deferral Mandatory deferral of a portion of the STI places an increased emphasis on having a variable structure that is fl exible, continues to be performance linked, has signifi cant retention elements and motivates Disclosed Executives to drive continued performance over the longer term. Since 2008, the following tiered STI deferral approach has applied to Disclosed Executives: STI up to the threshold (currently $200,000) paid in cash 25% of STI amounts above the threshold deferred in ANZ equity for one year 25% of STI amounts above the threshold deferred in ANZ equity for two years The balance (i.e. 50%) of STI amounts above the threshold is paid as cash1. The deferred component of bonuses paid in relation to the 2011 year is delivered as ANZ deferred shares or deferred share rights2. In previous years most Disclosed Executives had the choice to receive the deferred component as either shares or a mix of shares and options – this choice was removed in 2010. As the incentive amount has already been earned, there are no further performance measures attached to the shares or share rights (and options from previous years). Cessation of employment provisions The provisions that apply in the case of cessation of employment are detailed in Section 3.2 Disclosed Executive’s Contract Terms. Conditions of grant The conditions under which STI deferred shares and STI deferred share rights are granted are approved by the Board in accordance with the rules of the ANZ Employee Share Acquisition Plan and the ANZ Share Option Plan. 1 Disclosed Executives are able to elect to take any cash bonus amounts they may be awarded as cash and/or superannuation. 2 In 2010, J Fagg and in 2011, D Hisco received share rights rather than shares due to taxation regulations in New Zealand. A share right effectively provides a right in the future to acquire a share in ANZ at nil cost to the employee. 2.6.4. LONG TERM INCENTIVES (LTI) Details of the LTI arrangements for Disclosed Executives are provided in Table 10 below: TABLE 10: SUMMARY OF LTI ARRANGEMENTS Purpose The LTI arrangements are designed to link a signifi cant portion of remuneration to shareholder interests by ensuring rewards are commensurate with shareholder return from their investment. LTI arrangements for Disclosed Executives (excluding the CRO) Type of equity awarded LTI is delivered to Disclosed Executives as 100% performance rights (apart from the CRO who receives unhurdled deferred share rights as detailed below). A performance right is a right to acquire a share at nil cost, subject to meeting time and performance hurdles. Upon exercise, each performance right entitles the Disclosed Executive to one ordinary share. The future grant value may range from zero to an undefi ned amount depending on the share price at the time of exercise. Time restrictions The time restrictions are the same as detailed for the CEO under Section 2.5 CEO LTI Arrangements, page 31, excluding the exercise period which is two years. Performance hurdle, vesting schedule and comparator group Size of LTI grants The performance hurdle, vesting schedule and comparator group for Disclosed Executives are the same as detailed for the CEO under Section 2.5 CEO LTI Arrangements, page 31. The size of individual LTI grants for Disclosed Executives is determined by reference to market practice, an individual’s level of responsibility, their performance and the assessed potential of the Disclosed Executive. The target LTI for Disclosed Executives is around 50% of fi xed remuneration. Disclosed Executives are advised of the dollar value of their LTI grant, which is then converted into a number of performance rights based on an independent valuation. Refer to section 2.11 for further details on the valuation approach and inputs. LTI allocations are made annually after the annual performance and remuneration review which occurs in October. The following example uses the November 2010 allocation value. Example: Disclosed Executive granted LTI value of $500,000 Approved allocation valuation is $11.96 per performance right (independently valued by external advisors) $500,000 / $11.96 = 41,806 performance rights 34 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Cessation of employment provisions The provisions that apply in the case of cessation of employment are detailed in Section 3.2 Disclosed Executives’ Contract Terms. Conditions of grant The conditions under which performance rights are granted are approved by the Board in accordance with the rules of the ANZ Share Option Plan. LTI arrangements for the CRO Deferred Shares (2010) The CRO is the only Disclosed Executive to receive deferred shares as LTI. Deferred share rights (2011) The deferred shares are subject to a time-based vesting hurdle of three years, during which time they are held in trust. The value used to determine the number of LTI deferred shares to be allocated is based on the volume weighted average price of the shares traded on the ASX in the week leading up to and including the date of grant. The CRO is the only Disclosed Executive to receive deferred share rights as LTI. Deferred share rights are subject to a time-based vesting hurdle of three years, during which time they are held in trust. Upon vesting, there is a two year exercise period after which time they will lapse if they have not been exercised. The value used to determine the number of LTI deferred share rights to be allocated is based on an independent valuation, as detailed in Section 2.11. Cessation of employment provisions The provisions that apply in the case of cessation of employment are detailed in Section 3.2 Disclosed Executives’ Contract Terms. Conditions of grant The conditions under which LTI deferred shares and LTI deferred share rights are granted are approved by the Board in accordance with the rules of the ANZ Employee Share Acquisition Plan and the ANZ Share Option Plan. 2.7. CLAWBACK The Board has on-going and absolute discretion to adjust performance-based components of remuneration (including previously deferred equity) downwards, or to zero at any time, including after the grant of such remuneration, where the Board considers such an adjustment is necessary to protect the fi nancial soundness of ANZ or to meet unexpected or unknown regulatory requirements, or if the Board subsequently considers that having regard to information which has come to light after the grant of deferred equity, the deferred equity was not justifi ed. Prior to releasing deferred equity, the Board considers whether any downward adjustment should be made. 2.8. HEDGING AND MARGIN LENDING PROHIBITION As specifi ed in the ANZ Securities Trading Policy, equity allocated under ANZ incentive schemes must remain at risk until fully vested (in the case of deferred shares) or exercisable (in the case of options, deferred share rights or performance rights). As such, it is a condition of grant that no schemes are entered into that specifi cally protects the unvested value of shares, options, deferred share rights or performance rights allocated. Doing so would constitute a breach of the grant conditions and would result in the forfeiture of the relevant shares, options, deferred share rights or performance rights. ANZ also prohibits the CEO and Disclosed Executives providing ANZ securities in connection with a margin loan or similar fi nancing arrangements under which they may be subject to a call. To monitor adherence to this policy, ANZ’s CEO and Disclosed Executives are required to sign an annual declaration stating that they and their closely related parties have not entered into (and are not currently involved in) any schemes to protect the value of their interests in any unvested ANZ securities. Based on the 2011 declarations, ANZ can advise that the CEO and Disclosed Executives are fully compliant with this policy. 2.9. SHAREHOLDING GUIDELINES The CEO and Disclosed Executives are expected to accumulate ANZ shares over a fi ve year period, to the value of 200% of their fi xed remuneration and to maintain this shareholding while an executive of ANZ. New Disclosed Executives are expected to accumulate the required holdings within fi ve years of appointment. Shareholdings for this purpose include all vested and allocated but unvested equity which is not subject to performance hurdles. The CEO and all Disclosed Executives have met or, if less than fi ve years tenure, are on track to meet their minimum shareholding guidelines requirement. Remuneration Report 35 REMUNERATION REPORT – FULL (Audited) (continued) 2.10. EQUITY GRANTED AS REMUNERATION Details of deferred shares, options, deferred share rights and performance rights granted to the CEO and Disclosed Executives during the 2011 year are set out in Table 11 below. All shares underpinning equity awards may be purchased on market, or be newly issued shares or a combination of both. For the 2010 grants, STI deferred shares were purchased on market and LTI deferred shares were newly issued shares. For STI deferred share rights, STI deferred options and LTI performance rights, the approach to satisfy awards will be determined closer to the time of vesting. TABLE 11: DEFERRED SHARES, DEFERRED SHARE RIGHTS, OPTIONS AND PERFORMANCE RIGHTS GRANTED AS REMUNERATION DURING 2011 Name Type of Equity Number granted Grant date Vesting date Date of option/right expiry Option exercise price $ Equity fair value3 $ CEO and Current Disclosed Executives M Smith P Chronican S Elliott D Hisco G Hodges P Marriott C Page A Thursby STI deferred shares1 STI deferred shares1 LTI performance rights2 STI deferred shares1 STI deferred shares1 LTI performance rights2 STI deferred shares1 STI deferred shares1 STI deferred options1 STI deferred options1 LTI performance rights2 STI deferred share rights1 STI deferred share rights1 LTI performance rights2 STI deferred shares1 STI deferred shares1 LTI performance rights2 STI deferred shares1 STI deferred shares1 LTI performance rights2 STI deferred shares1 STI deferred shares1 LTI deferred shares2 STI deferred shares1 STI deferred shares1 LTI performance rights2 47,448 47,448 253,164 12,653 12,652 54,347 12,126 12,125 69,238 69,238 45,986 8,480 8,903 33,444 9,911 9,911 41,806 9,911 9,911 41,806 11,809 11,809 17,924 24,251 24,251 45,986 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 17-Dec-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-11 12-Nov-12 17-Dec-13 12-Nov-11 12-Nov-12 12-Nov-13 12-Nov-11 12-Nov-12 12-Nov-11 12-Nov-12 12-Nov-13 12-Nov-11 12-Nov-12 12-Nov-13 12-Nov-11 12-Nov-12 12-Nov-13 12-Nov-11 12-Nov-12 12-Nov-13 12-Nov-11 12-Nov-12 12-Nov-13 12-Nov-11 12-Nov-12 12-Nov-13 – – 16-Dec-14 – – 11-Nov-15 – – 11-Nov-15 11-Nov-15 11-Nov-15 11-Nov-15 11-Nov-15 11-Nov-15 – – 11-Nov-15 – – 11-Nov-15 – – – – – 11-Nov-15 – – 0.00 – – 0.00 – – 23.71 23.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 – – 0.00 – – 0.00 – – – – – 0.00 23.32 23.32 11.85 23.32 23.32 11.96 23.32 23.32 3.96 4.20 11.96 22.11 21.06 11.96 23.32 23.32 11.96 23.32 23.32 11.96 23.32 23.32 23.32 23.32 23.32 11.96 1 The CEO and Disclosed Executives had a proportion of their STI amounts deferred as equity. The Board determined the deferred amount for the CEO. Refer to Table 9 for further details of the mandatory deferral arrangements for the Disclosed Executives and Table 12 for details of the valuation methodology, inputs and fair value. 2 The 2010 LTI grants for the CEO and Disclosed Executives were delivered as performance rights excluding for the CRO which was delivered as deferred shares. Refer to section 2.5 and Table 10 for further details of the LTI grant and Table 12 for details of the valuation, inputs and fair value. 3 The maximum value at the time of the grant is determined by multiplying the number granted by the fair value of the equity instruments. The minimum value of the grants, if the applicable conditions are not met at vesting date, is nil. 36 ANZ Annual Report 2011 2.11. EQUITY VALUATIONS ANZ engages two external experts (Mercer (Australia) Pty Ltd and PricewaterhouseCoopers) to independently value any required options, deferred share rights and performance rights, taking into account factors including the performance conditions, share price volatility, life of instrument, dividend yield and share price at grant date. These are then audited by KPMG and ANZ Global Internal Audit, and the higher of the two values passing audit is then approved by the HR Committee as the allocation and/or expensing/disclosure value. The following table provides details of the valuations of the various equity instruments issued during the year: TABLE 12: EQUITY VALUATION INPUTS Recipients Type of Equity Executives Executives Executives Executives Executives CEO STI deferred options STI deferred options STI deferred share rights STI deferred share rights LTI performance rights LTI performance rights Grant date 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 17-Dec-10 Equity fair value ($) Share closing price at grant ($) ANZ expected volatility (%) Equity term (years) Vesting period (years) Expected life (years) Expected dividend yield (%) Risk free interest rate (%) 3.96 4.20 22.11 21.06 11.96 11.85 23.22 23.22 23.22 23.22 23.22 23.59 30 30 30 30 30 30 5 5 5 5 5 4 1 2 1 2 3 3 3 3.5 1 2 3 3 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.04 5.11 4.70 4.97 5.04 5.15 Remuneration Report 37 REMUNERATION REPORT – FULL (Audited) (continued) 2.12. EQUITY VESTED/EXERCISED/LAPSED DURING 2011 Details of the number and value of deferred shares, options, deferred share rights and performance rights granted to the CEO and Disclosed Executives in prior years which vested, were exercised or which lapsed during the 2011 year are set out in the table below: TABLE 13: EQUITY VESTED/EXERCISED/LAPSED DURING 2011 Vested Lapsed Exercised Name Type of Equity Number granted Grant date First date exercisable Date of expiry Number % Value1 $ Number % Value1 $ Number % Vested and exercisable as at 30 Sep 2011 Value1 $ Unexer -cisable as at 30 Sep 2011 CEO and Current Disclosed Executives M Smith2 Sign-on shares STI deferred shares LTI performance rights 110,011 19-Dec-07 2-Oct-10 46,053 13-Nov-09 13-Nov-10 – 110,011 100 2,589,494 46,053 100 1,074,274 – 258,620 19-Dec-07 19-Dec-10 19-Dec-11 258,620 100 6,117,268 P Chronican S Elliott D Hisco3 Other deferred shares STI deferred shares STI deferred options STI deferred shares Hurdled options Hurdled options Hurdled options LTI performance rights LTI performance rights G Hodges4 STI deferred shares Hurdled options Hurdled options STI deferred options STI deferred share rights LTI performance rights P Marriott5 STI deferred shares STI deferred shares Hurdled options Hurdled options STI deferred options LTI performance rights STI deferred shares C Page A Thursby6 Other deferred shares STI deferred shares STI deferred shares STI deferred options LTI performance rights – – – – – – – 5-Nov-03 11-Jun-09 5-Nov-04 24-Oct-06 30-Oct-07 5-Nov-07 25-Oct-09 31-Oct-10 7,237 13-Nov-09 13-Nov-10 – 7,530 11-Jun-11 1,096 13-Nov-09 13-Nov-10 – 5,307 13-Nov-09 13-Nov-10 12-Nov-14 5,866 13-Nov-09 13-Nov-10 – 11,217 4-Nov-10 5-Nov-06 10,759 11-May-04 11-May-07 10-May-11 4-Nov-11 10,530 24-Oct-11 16,302 30-Oct-12 25,462 – 24,591 11-May-04 11-May-07 10-May-11 5-Nov-07 4-Nov-11 60,000 31-Oct-10 30-Oct-13 33,869 31-Oct-10 30-Oct-13 5,663 30-Oct-12 31-Oct-10 57,870 – 3,637 31-Oct-10 – 7,127 13-Nov-09 13-Nov-10 69,263 11-May-04 11-May-07 10-May-11 5-Nov-07 4-Nov-11 67,600 30-Oct-13 31-Oct-10 24,192 30-Oct-12 57,870 31-Oct-10 – 15,351 13-Nov-09 13-Nov-10 – 62,735 28-Aug-08 28-Aug-11 – 12,369 31-Oct-10 26,316 13-Nov-09 13-Nov-10 – 30-Oct-13 31-Oct-10 82,254 30-Oct-12 31-Oct-10 46,296 5-Nov-04 31-Oct-08 31-Oct-08 30-Oct-07 31-Oct-08 5-Nov-04 31-Oct-08 30-Oct-07 31-Oct-08 30-Oct-07 31-Oct-08 – 5,400 7,530 100 162,464 25,566 1,096 100 2,796 5,307 100 5,866 100 136,836 – – – – – – 4,064 9 948 – – – 634,134 25,462 100 7,237 100 168,817 – – 23,149 9 261,641 33,869 100 141,038 5,663 100 57,870 100 1,441,258 3,637 100 90,580 7,127 100 166,251 – – 26,081 9 24,192 100 186,886 57,870 100 1,441,258 15,351 100 358,091 62,735 100 1,249,537 12,369 100 308,051 26,316 100 613,871 82,254 100 635,420 46,296 100 1,153,007 – 6,084 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (110,011) (46,053) (258,620) 100 2,646,898 100 1,115,206 100 6,386,285 – – – – – – – (11,217) (10,759) – (16,302) (25,462) – (24,591) (19,200) (33,869) – (57,870) – – (69,263) – – (57,870) (15,351) – – – – (46,296) – – – – 100 100 – 100 100 – 100 32 100 – – – – – 84,197 65,957 – 395,865 618,299 – 168,109 84,023 266,759 – 100 1,405,269 – – 424,610 – – 100 1,405,269 327,455 100 – – – – – – – – 100 1,124,215 – – 100 – – – – – – 7,530 1,096 5,307 5,866 – – 10,003 – – 7,237 – 5,400 – 5,663 – 3,637 7,127 – 64,220 24,192 – – 62,735 12,369 26,316 82,254 – – – – – – – – – – – 527 – – – – 3,000 – – – – – – 3,380 – – – – – – – – 1 The value of shares and/or share rights and/or performance rights is based on the one day VWAP of the Company’s shares traded on the ASX on the date of vesting, lapsing or exercising, multiplied by the number of shares and/or share rights and/or performance rights. The value of options is based on the difference between the one day VWAP and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of options. 2 M Smith – The third tranche of 110,011 deferred shares granted to the CEO on his commencement vested on 2 October 2010 – refer to section 2.5 for further details. The value has been determined based on the one day VWAP on 1 October 2010 of $23.5385 per share (as 2 October 2010 was a non-trading day). LTI performance rights granted 19 December 2007 were exercised on 21 February 2011. One day VWAP on date of exercise was $24.6937. 3 D Hisco – Hurdled options granted 5 November 2003 were exercised on 3 November 2010. One day VWAP on date of exercise was $25.0562. The exercise price was $17.55. Hurdled options granted 11 May 2004 were exercised on 22 February 2011. One day VWAP on date of exercise was $24.3504. The exercise price was $18.22. LTI performance rights granted 24 October 2006 and 30 October 2007 were exercised on 5 November 2010. One day VWAP on date of exercise was $24.2832. 4 G Hodges – Hurdled options granted 11 May 2004 were exercised on 3 November 2010. One day VWAP on date of exercise was $25.0562. The exercise price was $18.22. Balance as at 1 October 2010 was 27,600 for hurdled options granted 5 November 2004 and these were exercised on 3 November 2010. One day VWAP on date of exercise was $25.0562. The exercise price was $20.68. STI deferred options granted 31 October 2008 were exercised on 3 November 2010. One day VWAP on date of exercise was $25.0562. The exercise price was $17.18. LTI performance rights granted 30 October 2007 were exercised on 5 November 2010. One day VWAP on date of exercise was $24.2832. 5 P Marriott – Hurdled options granted 11 May 2004 were exercised on 22 February 2011. One day VWAP on date of exercise was $24.3504. The exercise price was $18.22. LTI performance rights granted 30 October 2007 were exercised on 5 November 2010. One day VWAP on date of exercise was $24.2832. 6 A Thursby – LTI performance rights granted 30 October 2007 were exercised on 5 November 2010. One day VWAP on date of exercise was $24.2832. 38 ANZ Annual Report 2011 2.13. SHAREHOLDINGS OF THE CEO AND DISCLOSED EXECUTIVES The movement during the reporting period in shareholdings of the CEO and Disclosed Executives (held directly, indirectly and by related parties) is provided below: TABLE 14: CEO AND CURRENT DISCLOSED EXECUTIVES’ SHAREHOLDINGS (INCLUDING MOVEMENTS DURING THE 2011 YEAR) Name M Smith P Chronican S Elliott D Hisco5 G Hodges P Marriott C Page A Thursby Type of shares Deferred shares Ordinary shares Deferred shares Ordinary shares CPS2 Deferred shares Deferred shares Ordinary shares Deferred shares Ordinary shares Deferred shares Ordinary shares CPS3 Deferred shares Ordinary shares CPS3 Deferred shares Balance of shares as at 1 Oct 20101 204,362 265,014 – 3,000 1,499 18,069 46,605 6,042 98,838 148,042 134,218 419,596 – 31,449 – – 223,103 Shares granted during the year as remuneration2 94,896 – 25,305 – – 24,251 – – 19,822 – 19,822 – – 41,542 – – 48,502 Shares from other changes during the year3 (148,658) 414,684 746 3,000 – 1,857 759 2,981 1,521 (38,307) 2,032 60,456 5,000 (13,916) 12,129 2,500 6,625 Balance as at 30 Sep 20114 150,600 679,698 26,051 6,000 1,499 44,177 47,364 9,023 120,181 109,735 156,072 480,052 5,000 59,075 12,129 2,500 278,230 Balance as at date of report sign-off 150,600 679,698 26,051 6,000 1,499 44,177 47,364 9,023 120,181 109,735 156,072 480,052 5,000 59,075 12,129 2,500 278,230 1 Balance of shares held at 1 October 2010 includes beneficially held shares (both direct and indirect) and shares held by related parties. 2 Details of shares granted as remuneration during 2011 are provided in Table 11. 3 Shares resulting from any other changes during the year include the net result of any shares purchased, or sold or any acquired under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan. 4 The following shares (included in the holdings above) were held on behalf of the CEO and Disclosed Executives (i.e. indirect beneficially held shares) as at 30 September 2011: M Smith – 150,600; P Chronican – 26,051; S Elliott – 44,177; D Hisco – 52,364; G Hodges – 162,916; P Marriott – 156,072; C Page – 59,075; A Thursby – 278,230. 5 Commencing balance is based on holdings as at the date of commencement as a Key Management Personnel. Remuneration Report 39 REMUNERATION REPORT – FULL (Audited) (continued) The movement during the reporting period in options, deferred share rights and performance rights of the CEO and Disclosed Executives (held directly, indirectly and by related parties) is provided below: TABLE 15: CEO AND DISCLOSED EXECUTIVES’ OPTIONS, RIGHTS AND PERFORMANCE RIGHTS HOLDINGS (INCLUDING MOVEMENTS DURING THE 2011 YEAR) Name Type of options/rights Balance as at 1 Oct 20101 Granted during the year as remuneration2 Exercised during the year Number changed, forfeited or lapsed during the year Balance as at 30 Sep 2011 Vested and exercisable as at 30 Sep 2011 Balance as at date of report sign-off CEO and Current Disclosed Executives M Smith P Chronican S Elliott D Hisco3 G Hodges P Marriott C Page A Thursby Special options LTI performance rights LTI performance rights STI deferred options LTI performance rights Hurdled options LTI performance rights STI deferred share rights Hurdled options STI deferred options LTI performance rights STI deferred share rights Hurdled options STI deferred options LTI performance rights Performance rights STI deferred options LTI performance rights 700,000 779,002 57,726 10,614 41,084 32,506 74,631 – 52,191 33,869 149,004 5,663 136,863 48,385 149,004 72,959 164,509 146,544 – 253,164 54,347 138,476 45,986 – 33,444 17,383 – – 41,806 – – – 41,806 – – 45,986 – (258,620) – – – (21,976) (41,764) – (43,791) (33,869) (57,870) – (69,263) – (57,870) – – (46,296) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 700,000 773,546 112,073 149,090 87,070 10,530 66,311 17,383 8,400 – 132,940 5,663 67,600 48,385 132,940 72,959 164,509 146,234 – – – 5,307 – 10,003 – – 5,400 – – 5,663 64,220 48,385 – – 164,509 – 700,000 773,546 112,073 149,090 87,070 10,530 66,311 17,383 8,400 – 132,940 5,663 67,600 48,385 132,940 72,959 164,509 146,234 1 Balance of options/rights held at 1 October 2010 include beneficially held options/rights (both direct and indirect) and options/rights held by related parties. 2 Details of options/rights granted as remuneration during 2011 are provided in Table 11. 3 Commencing balance is based on holdings as at the date of commencement. 2.14. LEGACY LTI PROGRAMS There are a number of legacy LTI programs which are no longer off ered but which have existing participants. Details of these are shown in Table 16 below. Option plans described below have the following features: An exercise price that is set equal to the weighted average sale price of all fully paid ordinary shares in the Company sold on the ASX during the one week prior to and including the date of grant; A maximum life of seven years and an exercise period that commences three years after the date of grant, subject to performance hurdles being met; Options are re-tested monthly (if required) after the commencement of the exercise period; Upon exercise, each option entitles the option-holder to one ordinary share; In case of resignation or termination on notice or dismissal for misconduct: options are forfeited; In case of redundancy: options are pro-rated and a grace period is provided in which to exercise the remaining options (with hurdles waived, if applicable); In case of retirement, death or total and permanent disablement: a grace period is provided in which to exercise all options (with hurdles waived, if applicable); and Performance hurdles, which are explained below for each type of option. 40 ANZ Annual Report 2011 TABLE 16: LEGACY LTI PLANS Type of Equity Details Hurdled options (Hurdled A) (granted to Disclosed Executives from November 2003 until May 2004) Hurdled options (Hurdled B) (granted November 2004) Until May 2004, hurdled options were granted to Disclosed Executives with the following performance hurdles attached. Half the options could only be exercised once ANZ’s TSR exceeds the percentage change in the S&P/ASX 200 Banks (Industry Group) Accumulation Index, measured over the same period (since issue) and calculated at the last trading day of any month (once the exercise period has commenced); and The other half of hurdled options could only be exercised once the ANZ TSR exceeds the percentage change in the S&P/ASX 100 Accumulation Index, measured over the same period (since issue) and calculated as at the last trading day of any month (once the exercise period has commenced). The exercise periods concluded on 4 November 2010 and 10 May 2011. In November 2004 hurdled options were granted with a relative TSR performance hurdle attached. The proportion of options that become exercisable will depend upon the TSR achieved by ANZ relative to the companies in the comparator group. Performance equal to the median TSR of the comparator group will result in half the options becoming exercisable. Performance above median will result in further options becoming exercisable, increasing on a straight-line basis until all of the options become exercisable where ANZ’s TSR is at or above the 75th percentile in the comparator group. Where ANZ’s performance falls between two of the comparators, TSR is measured on a pro rata basis. The exercise period concludes on 4 November 2011. Remuneration Report 41 REMUNERATION REPORT – FULL (Audited) (continued) 2.15. REMUNERATION PAID TO THE CEO AND DISCLOSED EXECUTIVES Remuneration details of the CEO and Disclosed Executives for 2010 and 2011 are set out below in Table 17: TABLE 17: CEO AND DISCLOSED EXECUTIVES REMUNERATION FOR 2011 Short-Term Employee Benefi ts Post- Employment Financial Year Cash salary $ Non monetary benefi ts1 $ Total cash incentive2,3 $ Total $ Super contributions4 $ Current CEO and Disclosed Executives M Smith10 Chief Executive Offi cer P Chronican11 Chief Executive Offi cer, Australia S Elliott Chief Executive Offi cer, Institutional D Hisco11 Chief Executive Offi cer, New Zealand G Hodges12 Deputy Chief Executive Offi cer P Marriott Chief Financial Offi cer C Page Chief Risk Offi cer A Thursby Chief Executive Offi cer, Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Former Disclosed Executives J Fagg11,12 Chief Executive Offi cer, New Zealand Total of all Executive KMPs Total of all Disclosed Executives13 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 3,150,000 3,000,000 1,191,030 985,758 963,303 917,431 960,000 917,431 917,431 915,830 912,431 1,009,174 1,009,174 1,050,000 1,000,000 782,000 10,156,768 9,524,225 10,156,768 9,524,225 105,515 5,500 5,744 301,124 10,191 12,334 357,283 24,350 17,309 5,774 7,595 7,375 60,565 7,375 23,570 105,359 523,607 533,356 523,607 533,356 1,750,000 2,500,000 900,000 800,000 604,000 1,350,000 902,400 700,000 670,000 820,000 670,000 850,000 760,000 900,000 1,350,000 538,200 7,426,400 8,638,200 7,426,400 8,638,200 5,005,515 5,505,500 2,096,774 2,086,882 1,577,494 2,279,765 2,219,683 1,641,781 1,604,740 1,741,604 1,590,026 1,866,549 1,829,739 1,957,375 2,373,570 1,425,559 18,106,775 18,695,781 18,106,775 18,695,781 – – 107,339 89,092 86,697 82,569 – 82,569 82,569 82,569 82,569 90,826 90,826 – – – 450,000 427,625 450,000 427,625 1 Non-monetary benefits generally consists of company-funded benefits such as car parking and taxation services. This item also includes costs met by the company in relation to relocation, such as airfares and housing assistance and for the CEO, life insurance. The fringe benefits tax payable on any benefits is also included in this item. 2 The total cash incentive relates to the cash component only, with the deferred equity component to be amortised from the grant date. The relevant amortisation of the 2010 STI deferred components are included in share-based payments above. The 2011 STI deferred components will be amortised from the grant date in the 2012 Remuneration Report. The cash incentive component was approved by the Board on 25 October 2011. 100% of the cash incentive awarded for the 2010 and 2011 years vested to the Disclosed Executive in the applicable financial year. 3 The possible range of STI payments is between 0 and 2.5 times target STI. The actual STI received is dependent on ANZ, Division and individual performance (refer to Section 2.6.3 for more details). The 2011 STI awarded (cash and equity component) as a percentage of target STI was: M Smith 105% (2010: 158%); P Chronican 103% (2010: 108%); S Elliott 80% (2010: 208%); D Hisco 140%; G Hodges 100% (2010: 95%); P Marriott 120% (2010: 95%); C Page 114% (2010: 100%); A Thursby 127% (2010: 208%); J Fagg (2010: 95%). Anyone who received less than 100% of target forfeited the rest of their STI entitlement. The minimum value is nil and the maximum value is what was actually paid. 4 As M Smith and A Thursby are holders of long stay visas, their fixed remuneration does not include the 9% Superannuation Guarantee contribution, however they are able to elect voluntary superannuation contributions. For all other Australian based Disclosed Executives, the superannuation contribution reflects the 9% Superannuation Guarantee contribution – individuals may elect to take this contribution as superannuation or a combination of superannuation and cash. 5 Accrual relates to Retirement Allowance. As a result of being employed with ANZ prior to November 1992, D Hisco and G Hodges are eligible to receive a Retirement Allowance on retirement, retrenchment, death, or resignation for illness, incapacity or domestic reasons. The Retirement Allowance is calculated as follows: three months of preserved notional salary (which is 65% of Fixed Remuneration) plus an additional 3% of notional salary for each year of fulltime service above 10 years, less the total accrual value of long service leave (including taken and untaken). 6 In accordance with the requirements of AASB 2, the amortisation value includes a proportion of the fair value (taking into account market-related vesting conditions) of all equity that had not yet fully vested as at the commencement of the financial year. It is assumed that deferred shares will vest after three years. Assumptions for options/rights are detailed in Table 12. The fair value is determined at grant date and is allocated on a straight-line basis over the relevant vesting period. The amount included as remuneration is not related to nor indicative of the benefit (if any) that may ultimately be realised should the options/rights become exercisable. For deferred shares, the fair value is the volume weighted average price of the Company’s shares traded on the ASX on the day the shares were granted. 42 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Long-Term Employee Benefi ts Retirement benefi t accrued during year5 $ Long service leave accrued during the year $ Share-Based Payments6 Total amortisation value of STI shares and STI share rights $ LTI shares $ STI options $ LTI options $ – – – – – – 54,804 45,668 19,788 16,535 16,998 18,630 2,103,407 1,369,343 390,271 – 389,245 32,589 – – – – – – – – – – 386,466 34,421 4,107 14,613 316,321 127,644 – 4,278 4,278 – – – – – – 15,222 15,222 15,222 15,222 16,744 23,197 18,326 15,222 409,844 265,995 407,040 244,833 577,532 456,441 1,121,512 894,418 – 8,385 4,278 8,385 4,278 12,975 171,717 162,671 171,717 162,671 274,377 5,715,172 3,537,996 5,715,172 3,537,996 – – – – 122,803 – – – – 250,447 – 250,447 – 4,092 57,446 2,923 41,033 – – 9,938 139,512 – 403,419 272,412 403,419 272,412 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – LTI Performance rights $ Other equity allocations7 $ Termination benefi ts $ Total excluding termination benefi ts8 $ Grand Total Remuneration 8,9 $ 2,346,954 2,341,479 528,216 1,594,087 – 10,038,896 – 10,856,077 10,038,896 10,856,077 406,838 166,057 327,641 146,439 248,567 498,629 565,243 498,629 565,243 267,465 250,792 542,653 532,865 – – 43,921 151,034 – – – – – – – 642,574 982,185 – 3,021,010 2,358,566 – – 2,828,462 2,745,447 – 3,021,010 2,358,566 2,828,462 2,745,447 – 2,930,935 2,930,935 – 2,656,415 2,595,493 – – 2,747,987 2,538,926 – – 2,941,919 2,650,995 – – 4,292,378 4,937,772 – 2,656,415 2,595,493 2,747,987 2,538,926 2,941,919 2,650,995 4,292,378 4,937,772 331,899 85,300 – 2,130,110 2,130,110 5,137,376 4,900,017 1,214,711 2,812,606 5,137,376 4,900,017 1,214,711 2,812,606 – 31,458,002 – 30,813,386 – 31,458,002 – 30,813,386 31,458,002 30,813,386 31,458,002 30,813,386 7 Amortisation of other equity allocations for M Smith relates to the sign-on award and the special equity allocations which were approved by shareholders at the 2007 and 2008 Annual General Meetings respectively. Amortisation for S Elliott and A Thursby relates to equity granted on commencement – refer to Table 19 for more details. 8 Remuneration amounts disclosed exclude insurance premiums paid by the consolidated entity in respect of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance contracts which cover current and former KMP of the controlled entities. The total premium, which cannot be disclosed because of confidentiality requirements, has not been allocated to the individuals covered by the insurance policy as, based on all available information, the directors believe that no reasonable basis for such allocation exists. 9 The value of rights/options for each KMP as a percentage of Grand Total Remuneration is: M Smith 29%; P Chronican 13%; S Elliott 25%; D Hisco 17%; G Hodges 19%; P Marriott 18%; C Page 9%; A Thursby 13%. 13 For those Disclosed Executives who were disclosed in both 2010 and 2011, the following are noted: P Chronican – 2010 remuneration only reflected a partial year as P Chronican joined ANZ in that year. Accordingly, year-on-year comparisons are not appropriate. S Elliott – year-on-year total remuneration has remained fairly constant, however, the mix has changed, largely driven by a decrease in cash STI in 2011 being offset by an increase in the amortisation value of equity allocations for the same period. G Hodges – fixed remuneration remains unchanged and year on year remuneration is similar. P Marriott – slight uplift on year-on-year remuneration, driven by a combination of factors including an increase in cash STI and the amortisation values of equity. C Page – moderate uplift on year-on year remuneration, driven by a combination of factors including an increase in cash STI and the amortisation values of equity. A Thursby – a decrease year-on-year largely driven by a decrease in cash STI and a decrease 10 While the CEO is an Executive Director, he has been included in this table with the Disclosed in the amortisation value of equity allocations. Executives. 11 D Hisco was appointed to the CEO, New Zealand role on 13 October 2010 so payments reflect amounts received for the partial service for the 2011 year. P Chronican commenced on 30 November 2009 so payments reflect amounts received for the partial service for the 2010 year. J Fagg stepped down on 1 September 2010 so actual payments have been prorated based on time as KMP in the 2010 year. 12 2010 amortisation of STI deferred share rights for G Hodges and J Fagg, included in the 2010 Annual Report under performance rights, has been included with the amortisation of STI shares in the table above. D Hisco is disclosed only for the 2011 year during which time he moved from Australia to take up the assignment of CEO – New Zealand hence the high value for non-monetary benefits compared to peers. Remuneration Report 43 REMUNERATION REPORT – FULL (Audited) (continued) 3. Contract Terms 3.1. CEO’S CONTRACT TERMS The following table sets out details of the contract terms relating to the CEO. The contract terms are in line with industry practice (based on external advice on Australian and international peer company benchmarks) and ASX Corporate Governance Principles. TABLE 18: CONTRACT TERMS – CEO (M SMITH) Length of contract Mr Smith commenced as CEO and Executive Director of ANZ on 1 October 2007 and is on a rolling contract. Notice periods Mr Smith or ANZ may terminate the employment agreement by providing 12 months written notice. Resignation On resignation, all unvested STI deferred shares, all unexercised performance rights (or cash equivalent) and all unvested and all vested unexercised options will be forfeited. Termination on notice by ANZ If ANZ terminates Mr Smith’s employment, ANZ will give Mr Smith 12 months written notice. ANZ may elect to pay in lieu all or part of the notice period based on Mr Smith’s fi xed remuneration. On termination on notice by ANZ all unvested STI deferred shares will be released at the original vesting date unless the Board determines otherwise; all performance rights (or cash equivalent) which have vested or vest during the notice period will be retained and become exercisable; all performance rights (or cash equivalent) which have not yet vested will be retained and will vest and become exercisable subject to the relevant time and performance hurdles being satisfi ed. All unvested options will be forfeited. Death or total and permanent disablement All unvested STI deferred shares will be released and all performance rights (or cash equivalent) and options will vest. Change of control In the event of takeover, scheme of arrangement or other change of control event occurring, the performance condition applying to the performance rights will be tested and the performance rights will vest based on the extent the performance condition is satisfi ed. No pro rata reduction in vesting will occur based on the period of time from the date of grant to the date of the change of control event occurring, and vesting will only be determined by the extent to which the performance condition is satisfi ed. Any performance rights which vest based on satisfaction of the performance condition will vest at a time (being no later than the fi nal date on which the change of control event will occur) determined by the Board. Any performance rights which do not vest will lapse with eff ect from the date of the change of control event occurring, unless the Board determines otherwise. Any unvested STI deferred shares will vest at a time (being no later than the fi nal date on which the change of control event will occur) determined by the Board. Termination for serious misconduct ANZ may immediately terminate Mr Smith’s employment at any time in the case of serious misconduct, and Mr Smith will only be entitled to payment of fi xed remuneration up to the date of termination. Payment of statutory entitlements of long service leave and annual leave applies in all events of separation. On termination without notice by ANZ in the event of serious misconduct: All STI deferred shares remaining in trust, performance rights (or cash equivalent) and options will be forfeited. 3.2 DISCLOSED EXECUTIVES’ CONTRACT TERMS The following table sets out details of the contract terms relating to the Disclosed Executives. The contract terms for all Disclosed Executives are similar, but do on occasion, vary to suit diff erent needs. TABLE 19: CONTRACT TERMS – DISCLOSED EXECUTIVES Length of contract Rolling. Notice periods In order to terminate the employment arrangements, Disclosed Executives are required to provide the Company with six months written notice. ANZ must provide Disclosed Executives with 12 months written notice. Resignation On resignation, unless the Board determines otherwise: All unvested deferred shares are forfeited; All unvested or vested but unexercised performance rights, options or deferred share rights are forfeited. 44 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Termination on notice by ANZ ANZ may terminate the Disclosed Executive’s employment by providing 12 months written notice or payment in lieu of the notice period based on fi xed remuneration. On termination on notice by ANZ, unless the Board determines otherwise: All unvested deferred shares are forfeited at the time notice is given to the Disclosed Executive; Only performance rights, options and deferred share rights that are vested may be exercised and all unvested performance rights, options and deferred share rights are forfeited at the time notice is given to the Disclosed Executive. There is discretion to pay STI on a pro-rata basis (depending on termination date, reason for termination and subject to business performance). Redundancy If ANZ terminates employment for reasons of bona fi de redundancy, a severance payment will be made that is equal to 12 months fi xed remuneration. All STI deferred shares and STI deferred share rights are released. Options, performance rights, LTI deferred shares and LTI deferred share rights are either released in full or on a pro-rata basis, at the discretion of the Board with regard to the circumstances. There is discretion to pay short-term incentives on a pro-rata basis (depending on termination date and subject to business performance). Death or total and permanent disablement On death or total and permanent disablement, options, shares, share rights and performance rights (performance hurdle is waived) are released. Termination for serious misconduct ANZ may immediately terminate the Disclosed Executive’s employment at any time in the case of serious misconduct, and the employee will only be entitled to payment of fi xed remuneration up to the date of termination. Other arrangements Payment of statutory entitlements of long service leave and annual leave applies in all events of separation. On termination without notice by ANZ in the event of serious misconduct any options, performance rights, deferred shares and deferred share rights still held in trust will be forfeited. P Chronican As Mr Chronican joined ANZ in November 2009 he was not included in the LTI grants made to other Management Board members in early November. Accordingly, a separate LTI grant was made in December providing performance rights on the same terms and conditions as those provided to Management Board for 2009, apart from the allocation value which varied to refl ect the diff erent values at the respective grant dates. S Elliott As part of Mr Elliott’s employment arrangement, he was granted deferred shares to a total value of $250,000. The grant was made in June 2009 with one-half vesting after one year and the other half vesting after two years. For the whole period that the shares remain in trust (including any period beyond vesting) they will be forfeited for any serious misconduct. A Thursby As part of Mr Thursby’s employment arrangement, he was granted three separate tranches of deferred shares to the value of $1 million per annum, subject to Board approval. The fi rst tranche was made in September 2007 and vested in September 2010, the second tranche was in August 2008 and vested in August 2011, and the third tranche was in September 2009 and will vest in September 2012. The shares are restricted and held in trust for three years from the date of allocation for the benefi cial interest of Mr Thursby, during which period they will be forfeited if employment ceases for any reason other than retrenchment, death or total and permanent disablement, and that for the whole period that the shares remain in trust (including any further period) they will be forfeited for any serious misconduct. Signed in accordance with a resolution of the Directors John Morschel Chairman 2 November 2011 Michael R P Smith Director Remuneration Report 45 Corporate Governance The following statement sets out the governance framework the Board has adopted at ANZ as well as highlights of the substantive work undertaken by the Board and its Committees during the fi nancial year. 2011 Key Areas of Focus and Achievements Review of the management of ANZ’s businesses in the aftermath of the global fi nancial crisis and continued volatility in markets due to European sovereign debt issues, and a weakened US economy. This included a signifi cant focus on the performance of the Asia/Pacifi c economies and the impact of changes in global currencies, particularly the high Australian dollar. Recognition of ANZ this year as a leading bank globally on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index for the tenth year in succession – the Board is pleased to note that ANZ has been able to maintain this position. ANZ received a rating of 92/100 for Corporate Governance as part of this assessment which compares strongly to a global sector leading rating of 93/100 and a global sector average of 69/100. Engagement of an independent external adviser to facilitate the 2011 performance review of the Board, in accordance with the Board’s stated policy. Changes to the ASX Governance Principles were announced in June 2010 and came into eff ect for ANZ’s fi nancial year beginning on 1 October 2011. ANZ has taken steps to early adopt these changes. NEW ZEALAND As an overseas listed issuer on the NZX, ANZ is deemed to comply with the NZX Listing Rules provided that it remains listed on the ASX, complies with the ASX Listing Rules and provides the NZX with all the information and notices that it provides to the ASX. The ASX Governance Principles may materially diff er from the NZX’s corporate governance rules and the principles of the NZX’s Corporate Governance Best Practice Code. More information about the corporate governance rules and principles of the ASX can be found at asx.com.au and, in respect of the NZX, at nzx.com. ANZ has complied with all applicable governance principles in New Zealand throughout the fi nancial year. Oversight of strategic initiatives, including the super regional and long term technology strategies. Analysis of proposed new regulations, both local and global, including Basel III and the implications for ANZ’s capital and funding requirements. Review of ANZ’s governance framework to ensure compliance with the amendments to the ASX Corporate Governance Council’s Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations. Approach to Governance In relation to corporate governance, the Board seeks to: embrace principles and practices it considers to be best practice internationally; be an ‘early adopter’, where appropriate, by complying before a published law or recommendation takes eff ect; and take an active role in discussions of corporate governance best practice and associated regulation in Australia and overseas. Compliance with Corporate Governance Codes ANZ has equity securities listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) and the New Zealand Stock Exchange (NZX), and debt securities listed on these and other overseas Securities Exchanges. ANZ must therefore comply (and has complied) with a range of listing and corporate governance requirements from Australia and overseas. AUSTRALIA As a company listed on the ASX, ANZ is required to disclose how it has applied the Recommendations contained within the ASX Corporate Governance Council’s Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations (ASX Governance Principles) during the fi nancial year, explaining any departures from them. ANZ complies with the Recommendations set by the ASX Corporate Governance Council. Full details of the location of the references in this statement (and elsewhere in this Annual Report) which specifi cally set out how ANZ applies each Recommendation of the ASX Governance Principles are contained on anz.com >About us > Our company > Corporate governance. 46 ANZ Annual Report 2011 OTHER JURISDICTIONS ANZ also monitors best practice developments in corporate governance across other relevant jurisdictions. ANZ deregistered from the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with eff ect from October 2007. Despite no longer being required to comply with US corporate governance rules, ANZ’s corporate governance practices continue to have regard to US corporate governance regulations in relation to the independence of Directors, the independence of the external auditor and the fi nancial expertise of the Audit Committee, as described in this statement. Website Further details of ANZ’s governance framework are set out at anz.com > About us > Our company > Corporate governance. This section of ANZ’s website also contains copies of all the charters and summaries of many of the documents and policies mentioned in this statement, as well as summaries of other ANZ policies of interest to shareholders and stakeholders. The website is regularly updated to ensure it refl ects ANZ’s most recent corporate governance information. Directors The information below relates to the Directors in offi ce, and sets out their Board Committee memberships and other details, as at 30 September 2011. Mr J P Morschel Chairman, Independent Non-Executive Director DIPQS, FAICD Former Directorships include Non-executive Director since October 2004. Ex offi cio member of all Board committees. Skills, experience and expertise Mr Morschel has a strong background in banking, fi nancial services and property and brings the experience of being a Chairman and Director of major Australian and international companies. Current Directorships Director: CapitaLand Limited (from 2010), Tenix Group Pty Limited (from 1998) and Giff ord Communications Pty Limited (from 2000). Mr M R P Smith, OBE Chief Executive Offi cer, Executive Director BSC (HONS) Chief Executive Offi cer since 1 October 2007. Skills, experience and expertise Mr Smith is an international banker with over 30 years experience in banking operations in Asia, Australia and internationally. Until June 2007, he was President and Chief Executive Offi cer, The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, Chairman, Hang Seng Bank Limited, Global Head of Commercial Banking for the HSBC Group and Chairman, HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad. Previously, Mr Smith was Chief Executive Offi cer of HSBC Argentina Holdings SA. Mr Smith joined the HSBC Group in 1978 and during his international career he has held a wide variety of roles in Commercial, Institutional and Investment Banking, Planning and Strategy, Operations and General Management. Current Directorships Director: ANZ National Bank Limited (from 2007), the Financial Markets Foundation for Children (from 2008) and the Institute of International Finance (from 2010). Former Chairman: Rinker Group Limited (Chairman and Director 2003–2007), Leighton Holdings Limited (Chairman and Director 2001–2004) and CSR Limited (Director 1996–2003, Chairman 2001–2003). Former Director: Singapore Telecommunications Limited (2001–2010), Rio Tinto Plc (1998–2005), Rio Tinto Limited (1998–2005), Westpac Banking Corporation (1993–2001), Lend Lease Corporation Limited (1983–1995) and Tenix Pty Ltd (1998–2008). Age: 68. Residence: Sydney, Australia. Member: Chongqing Mayor’s International Economic Advisory Council (from 2006), Australian Bankers’ Association Incorporated (from 2007), Business Council of Australia (from 2007), Asia Business Council (from 2008), Australian Government Financial Literacy Advisory Board (from 2008) and Shanghai International Financial Advisory Council (from 2009). Fellow: The Hong Kong Management Association (from 2005). Former Directorships include Former Chairman: HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad (2004–2007) and Hang Seng Bank Limited (2005–2007). Former CEO and Director: The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (2004–2007). Former Director: HSBC Australia Limited (2004–2007), HSBC Finance Corporation (2006–2007) and HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited (2007). Former Board Member: Visa International (Asia Pacifi c) Limited (2005–2007). Age 55. Residence: Melbourne, Australia. Corporate Governance 47 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued) Dr G J Clark Independent Non-Executive Director, Chair of the Technology Committee BSC (HONS), PHD, FAPS, FTSE Current Directorships Non-executive Director since February 2004. Member of the Risk Committee and Human Resources Committee. Chairman: KaComm Communications Pty Ltd (Director from 2006). Member: The Royal Institution of Australia (from 2010). Skills, experience and expertise Former Directorships include Dr Clark brings to the Board international business experience and a distinguished career in micro-electronics, computing and communications. He was previously Principal of Clark Capital Partners, a US based fi rm that has advised internationally on technology and the technology market place, and he has held senior executive positions in IBM, News Corporation and Loral Space and Communications. Former Chairman: GPM Classifi ed Directories (2007–2008). Former Director: Eircom Holdings Ltd (formerly Babcock & Brown Capital Limited) (2006–2009). Former Principal: Clark Capital Partners (2003–2010). Age: 68. Residence: Based in New York, United States of America and also resides in Sydney, Australia. Mr P A F Hay Independent Non-Executive Director, Chair of the Governance Committee LLB (MELB), FAICD Non-executive Director since November 2008. Member of the Audit Committee and Human Resources Committee. Skills, experience and expertise Mr Hay has a strong background in company law and investment banking advisory work, with a particular expertise in relation to mergers and acquisitions. He has also had signifi cant involvement in advising governments and government-owned enterprises. Current Directorships Chairman: Lazard Pty Ltd Advisory Board (from 2009). Director: Alumina Limited (from 2002), Landcare Australia Limited (from 2008), GUD Holdings Limited (from 2009), NBN Co Limited (from 2009) and Myer Holdings Limited (from 2010). Member: Takeovers Panel (from 2009). Former Directorships include Former Chief Executive Offi cer: Freehills (2000–2005). Former Director: Pacifi ca Group Limited (1989–2008) and Lazard Pty Ltd (2007–2009). Age: 61. Residence: Melbourne, Australia. Member: Governing Board of Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy (from 2005) and Rolls Royce International Advisory Council (from 2007). Consultant: Capital International Inc Advisory Board (from 2007). Former Directorships include Former Chairman: Republic Polytechnic (2002–2009). Former Member: Merrill Lynch PacRim Advisory Council (2007–2010). Former Chief Executive Offi cer: Singapore Telecommunications Limited (1995–2007). Age: 54. Residence: Singapore. Mr Lee Hsien Yang Independent Non-Executive Director MSC, BA Non-executive Director since February 2009. Member of the Technology Committee, Risk Committee and Human Resources Committee. Skills, experience and expertise Mr Lee has considerable knowledge and operating experience in Asia. He has degrees in engineering and management science, and brings to the Board his international business and management experience across a wide range of sectors including telecommunications, food and beverages, properties, publishing and printing, fi nancial services, education and civil aviation. Current Directorships Chairman: Fraser & Neave, Limited (from 2007) and Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (from 2009). Director: Singapore Exchange Limited (from 2004), The Islamic Bank of Asia Limited (from 2007) and Kwa Geok Choo Pte Ltd (from 1979). 48 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Mr I J Macfarlane, AC Independent Non-Executive Director, Chair of the Risk Committee BEC (HONS), MEC, HON DSC (SYD), HON DSC (UNSW), HON DCOM (MELB), HON DLITT (MACQ), HON LLD (MONASH) Non-executive Director since February 2007. Member of the Governance Committee and Audit Committee. Skills, experience and expertise During his 28 year career at the Reserve Bank of Australia including a 10 year term as Governor, Mr Macfarlane made a signifi cant contribution to economic policy in Australia and internationally. He has a deep understanding of fi nancial markets as well as a long involvement with Asia. Current Directorships Director: Woolworths Limited (from 2007), Leighton Holdings Limited (from 2007) and the Lowy Institute for International Policy (from 2004). Member: Council of International Advisors to the China Banking Regulatory Commission (from 2009), International Advisory Board of Goldman Sachs JB Were (from 2007) and International Advisory Board of CHAMP Private Equity (from 2007). Former Directorships include Former Chairman: Payments System Board (1998–2006) and Australian Council of Financial Regulators (1998–2006). Former Governor: Reserve Bank of Australia (Member 1992–2006, Chairman 1996–2006). Age: 65. Residence: Sydney, Australia. Mr D E Meiklejohn, AM Independent Non-Executive Director, Chair of the Audit Committee BCOM, DIPED, FCPA, FAICD, FAIM Current Directorships Non-executive Director since October 2004. Member of the Technology Committee and Risk Committee. Skills, experience and expertise Mr Meiklejohn has a strong background in fi nance and accounting. He also brings to the Board his experience across a number of directorships of major Australian companies spanning a range of industries. Chairman: Manningham Centre Association (from 2011). Director: Coca Cola Amatil Limited (from 2005) and Mirrabooka Investments Limited (from 2006). Former Directorships include Former Chairman: PaperlinX Limited (2000–2011). Former Director and Chief Financial Offi cer: Amcor Limited (1985–2000). Former President: Melbourne Cricket Club (Committee Member 1987–2011). Age: 69. Residence: Melbourne, Australia. Ms A M Watkins Independent Non-Executive Director, Chair of the Human Resources Committee BCOM, FCA, F FIN, FAICD Former Directorships include Former CEO: Bennelong Group (2008–2010). Former Director: Just Group Limited (2004–2008), Woolworths Limited (2007–2010), and AICD National Board and Victorian Council (2009–2011). Former Partner: McKinsey & Company (1996–1999). Age: 48. Residence: Melbourne, Australia. Non-executive Director since November 2008. Member of the Audit Committee and Governance Committee. Skills, experience and expertise Ms Watkins is an experienced CEO and established director with a grounding in fi nance and accounting. Her experience includes retailing, agriculture, food manufacturing and fi nancial services, and covers small to medium companies as well as large organisations. Ms Watkins held senior executive roles with ANZ from 1999 to 2002. Current Directorships Chief Executive Offi cer: GrainCorp Limited (from 2010). Member: The Nature Conservancy Australian Advisory Board (from 2007) and the Takeovers Panel (from 2010). Corporate Governance 49 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued) Corporate Governance Framework CEO BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRINCIPAL BOARD COMMITTEES Audit and Financial Governance Internal audit External audit Financial controls AUDIT COMMITTEE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE HUMAN RESOURCES COMMITTEE RISK COMMITTEE TECHNOLOGY COMMITTEE MANAGEMENT BOARD KEY MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY COMMITTEE CREDIT & MARKET RISK COMMITTEE GROUP ASSET & LIABILITY COMMITTEE PROJECT INVESTMENT REVIEW COMMITTEE REPUTATION RISK COMMITTEE TECHNOLOGY RISK MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT POLICY COMMITTEE OPERATING RISK EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CREDIT RATINGS SYSTEM OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE 50 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Board Meetings The Board normally meets at least eight times each year, including an off site meeting to review in detail the Group’s strategy. Typically at Board meetings the agenda will include: minutes of the previous meeting, and outstanding issues raised by Directors at previous meetings; the Chief Executive Offi cer’s report; the Chief Financial Offi cer’s report; reports on major projects and current business issues; specifi c business proposals; reports from Chairs of Committees which have met shortly prior to the Board meeting on matters considered at those meetings; and for review, the minutes of previous Committee meetings. There are two private sessions held at the end of each Board meeting which are each chaired by the Chairman of the Board. The fi rst involves all Directors including the CEO, and the second involves only the non-executive Directors. The Chief Financial Offi cer, Group General Counsel and Company Secretary are also present at all Board meetings. Members of senior Management attend Board meetings when an issue under their area of responsibility is being considered or as otherwise requested by the Board. CEO and Delegation to Management The Board has delegated to the Chief Executive Offi cer, and through the Chief Executive Offi cer to other senior Management, the authority and responsibility for managing the everyday aff airs of ANZ. The Board monitors Management and their performance on behalf of shareholders. The Group Discretions Policy details the comprehensive discretions framework that applies within ANZ and to employees appointed to operational roles or directorships of controlled entities and minority interest entities. The Group Discretions Policy is maintained by the Chief Financial Offi cer and reviewed annually by the Audit Committee with the outcome of this review reported to the Board. Board Responsibility and Delegation of Authority The Board is chaired by an independent Non-Executive Director. The roles of the Chairman and Chief Executive Offi cer are separate, and the Chief Executive Offi cer is the only executive Director on the Board. Role of the Chairman The Chairman plays an important leadership role and is involved in: chairing meetings of the Board and providing eff ective leadership to it; monitoring the performance of the Board and the mix of skills and eff ectiveness of individual contributions; being an ex offi cio member of all principal Board Committees; maintaining ongoing dialogue with the Chief Executive Offi cer and providing appropriate mentoring and guidance; and being a respected ambassador for ANZ, including chairing meetings of shareholders and dealing with key customer, political and regulatory bodies. Board Charter The Board Charter sets out the Board’s purpose, powers, and specifi c responsibilities. The Board is responsible for: charting the direction, strategies and fi nancial objectives for ANZ, and monitoring the implementation of these strategies and fi nancial objectives; monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements, ethical standards and external commitments, and the implementation of related policies; and appointing and reviewing the performance of the Chief Executive Offi cer. In addition to the above and any matters expressly required by law to be approved by the Board, powers specifi cally reserved for the Board include: approval of ANZ’s Remuneration Policy, including various remuneration matters as detailed in the Charter; any matters in excess of any discretions delegated to Board Committees or the Chief Executive Offi cer; annual approval of the budget and strategic plan; signifi cant changes to organisational structure; and the acquisition, establishment, disposal or cessation of any signifi cant business. Under ANZ’s Constitution, the Board may delegate any of its powers and responsibilities to Committees of the Board. The roles of the principal Board Committees are set out on pages 56 to 58. Corporate Governance 51 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued) At a senior management level, ANZ has a Management Board which comprises the Chief Executive Offi cer and ANZ’s most senior executives. As at 30 September 2011, the following senior executives, in addition to the Chief Executive Offi cer, were members of the Management Board: Graham Hodges – Deputy Chief Executive Offi cer; Peter Marriott – Chief Financial Offi cer; Phil Chronican – Chief Executive Offi cer, Australia; David Hisco – Chief Executive Offi cer, New Zealand; Shayne Elliott – Chief Executive Offi cer, Institutional; Alex Thursby – Chief Executive Offi cer, Asia Pacifi c, Europe and America; David Cartwright – Chief Operating Offi cer; Susie Babani – Group Managing Director, Human Resources; Chris Page – Chief Risk Offi cer; Joyce Phillips – Group Managing Director, Strategy, M&A, Marketing and Innovation; and Anne Weatherston – Chief Information Offi cer. Following David Cartwright’s departure in October 2011, Alistair Currie was appointed as Group Chief Operating Offi cer and joined the Management Board. Typically, a sub-group of Management Board meets every week with all Management Board members meeting each month to discuss business performance, review shared initiatives and build collaboration and synergy across the Group. Board Composition, Selection and Appointment The Board strives to achieve a balance of skills, tenure, experience, diversity, and perspective among its Directors. Details regarding each Director in offi ce at the date of this Annual Report can be found on pages 47 to 49. The Governance Committee (see page 57) has been delegated responsibility to review and make recommendations to the Board regarding Board composition, and to assist in relation to the Director nomination process. The Governance Committee conducts an annual review of the size and composition of the Board, to assess whether there is a need for any new Non-Executive Director appointments. This review takes the following factors into account: relevant guidelines/legislative requirements in relation to Board composition; Board membership requirements as articulated in the Board Charter; and other considerations including ANZ’s strategic goals and the importance of having appropriate Board balance and diversity. The overarching guiding principle is that the Board’s composition should refl ect balance in such matters as: specialist skill representation relating to both functions (such as accounting/fi nance, law and technology) and industry background (such as banking/ fi nancial services, retail and professional services); tenure; Board experience (amongst the members of the Board, there should be a signifi cant level of familiarity with formal board and governance processes and a considerable period of time previously spent working at senior level within one or more organisations of signifi cant size); age spread; diversity in general (including gender diversity); and geographic experience. 52 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Other matters for explicit consideration by the Committee are personal qualities, communication capabilities, ability and commitment to devote appropriate time to the task, the complementary nature of the distinctive contribution each Director might make, professional reputation and community standing. Potential candidates for new Directors may be provided at any time by a Board member to the Chair of the Governance Committee. The Chair of the Governance Committee maintains a list of nominees to assist the Board in the succession planning process. Where there is a need for any new appointments, a formal assessment of nominees will be conducted by the Governance Committee. In assessing nominees, the Governance Committee has regard to the principles set out above. Professional intermediaries may be used from time to time where deemed necessary and appropriate to assist in the process of identifying and considering potential candidates for Board membership. If found suitable, potential candidates are recommended to the Board. The Chairman of the Board is responsible for approaching potential candidates. The Committee also reviews and recommends the process for the election of the Chairman of the Board and reviews succession planning for the Chairman of the Board, making recommendations to the Board as appropriate. APPOINTMENT DOCUMENTATION Each new Non-Executive Director receives an appointment letter accompanied by a: Directors’ handbook – The handbook includes information on a broad range of matters relating to the role of a Director, including details of all applicable policies; and Directors’ Deed – Each Director signs a Deed in a form approved by shareholders at the 2005 Annual General Meeting which covers a number of issues including indemnity, directors’ and offi cers’ liability insurance, the right to obtain independent advice and requirements concerning confi dential information. UNDERTAKING INDUCTION TRAINING Every new Director takes part in a formal induction program which involves the provision of information regarding ANZ’s values and culture, the Group’s governance framework, the Non-Executive Directors Code of Conduct and Ethics, Director related policies, Board and Committee policies, processes and key issues, fi nancial management and business operations. A briefi ng is also provided by senior Management about matters concerning their areas of responsibility. MEETING SHARE QUALIFICATION Non-Executive Directors are required to accumulate within fi ve years of appointment, and thereafter maintain, a holding in ANZ shares that is equivalent to at least 100% of a Non-Executive Director’s base fee (and 200% of this fee in the case of the Chairman). ELECTION AT NEXT ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING Subject to the provisions of ANZ’s Constitution and the Corporations Act 2001, the Board may appoint a person as a Non-Executive Director of ANZ at any time but that person must retire and, if they wish to continue in that role, must seek election by shareholders at the next Annual General Meeting. FIT AND PROPER ANZ has an eff ective and robust framework in place to ensure that individuals appointed to relevant senior positions within the Group have the appropriate fi tness and propriety to properly discharge their prudential responsibilities on appointment and during the course of their appointment. The framework, set out in ANZ’s Fit and Proper Policy, addresses the requirements of APRA’s Fit and Proper Prudential Standard. It involves assessments being carried out for each Director, relevant senior executives and the lead partner of ANZ’s external auditor prior to a new appointment being made. These assessments are carried out against a benchmark of documented competencies which have been prepared for each role, and also involve attestations being completed by each individual, as well as the obtaining of evidence of material qualifi cations and the carrying out of checks such as criminal record, bankruptcy and regulatory disqualifi cation checks. These assessments are reviewed thereafter on an annual basis. The Governance Committee and the Board have responsibility for assessing the fi tness and propriety of Non-Executive Directors. The Human Resources Committee is responsible for assessing the fi tness and propriety of the Chief Executive Offi cer and key senior executives. The Audit Committee is responsible for assessing the fi tness and propriety of the external auditor. Fit and Proper assessments were successfully carried out in respect of each Non-Executive Director, the Chief Executive Offi cer, key senior executives and the external auditor during the 2011 fi nancial year. INDEPENDENCE AND MATERIALITY Under ANZ’s Board Charter, the Board must contain a majority of Non- Executive Directors who satisfy ANZ’s criteria for independence. The Board Charter sets out independence criteria in order to establish whether a Non-Executive Director has a relationship with ANZ which could (or could be perceived to) impede their decision-making. All Non-Executive Directors are required to notify the Chairman before accepting any new outside appointment. The Chairman will review the proposed new appointment and will consider the issue on an individual basis and, where applicable, also the issue of more than one Director serving on the same outside board or other body. When carrying out the review, the Chairman will consider whether the proposed new appointment is likely to impair the Director’s ability to devote the necessary time and focus to their role as an ANZ Director and, where it will involve more than one ANZ Director serving on an outside board or other entity, whether that would create an unacceptable risk to the eff ective operation of the ANZ Board. Non-Executive Directors are not to accept a new outside appointment until confi rmed with the ANZ Chairman who will consult the other Directors as the Chairman deems appropriate. In the 2011 fi nancial year, the Governance Committee conducted its annual review of the criteria for independence against the ASX Governance Principles and APRA Prudential Standards, as well as US director independence requirements. ANZ’s criteria are more comprehensive than those set in many jurisdictions including in particular criteria stipulated specifi cally for Audit Committee members. The criteria and review process are both set out in the Corporate Governance section of ANZ’s website. In summary, a relationship with ANZ is regarded as material if a reasonable person in the position of a Non-Executive Director of ANZ would expect there to be a real and sensible possibility that it would infl uence a Director’s mind in: making decisions on matters likely to come regularly before the Board or its Committees; objectively assessing information and advice given by Management; setting policy for general application across ANZ; and generally carrying out the performance of his or her role as a Director. During 2011, the Board reviewed each Non-Executive Director’s independence and concluded that the independence criteria were met by each Non-Executive Director. Directors’ biographies on pages 47 to 49 and on anz.com highlight their major associations outside ANZ. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Over and above the issue of independence, each Director has a continuing responsibility to determine whether he or she has a potential or actual confl ict of interest in relation to any material matter which comes before the Board. Such a situation may arise from external associations, interests or personal relationships. Under the Directors Disclosure of Interest Policy and Policy for Handling Confl icts of Interest, a Director may not exercise any infl uence over the Board if a potential confl ict of interest exists. In such circumstances, unless a majority of other Directors who do not have an interest in the matter resolve to the contrary, the Director may not be present for Board deliberations on the subject, and may not vote on any related Board resolutions. In addition, the Director may not receive relevant Board papers. These matters, should they occur, are recorded in the Board minutes. INDEPENDENT ADVICE In order to assist Directors in fulfi lling their responsibilities, each Director has the right (with the prior approval of the Chairman) to seek independent professional advice regarding his/her responsibilities, at the expense of ANZ. In addition, the Board and each Committee, at the expense of ANZ, may obtain whatever professional advice it requires to assist in its work. TENURE AND RETIREMENT ANZ’s Constitution, consistent with the ASX Listing Rules, provides that a Non-Executive Director must seek re-election by shareholders every three years if they wish to continue in their role as a Non-Executive Director. In addition, ANZ’s Board Renewal and Performance Evaluation Policy confi rms that Non-Executive Directors will retire once they have served a maximum of three 3-year terms after fi rst being elected by shareholders, unless invited by the Board to extend their tenure due to special circumstances. Corporate Governance 53 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued) CONTINUING EDUCATION ANZ Directors take part in a range of training and continuing education programs. In addition to a formal induction program (see page 52), Directors also receive regular bulletins designed to keep them abreast of matters relating to their duties and responsibilities as Directors. Each Committee also conducts its own continuing education sessions from time to time as appropriate. Internal and/or external experts are engaged to conduct all education sessions. Directors also receive regular business briefi ngs at Board meetings. These briefi ngs are intended to provide Directors with information on each area of ANZ’s business, in particular regarding performance, key issues, risks and strategies for growth. In addition, Directors have the opportunity to participate in site visits from time to time. The performance criteria also take into account the Director’s contribution to: charting the direction, strategy and fi nancial objectives of ANZ; monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements and ethical standards; monitoring and assessing Management’s performance in achieving strategies and budgets approved by the Board; setting criteria for and evaluating the Chief Executive Offi cer’s performance; and the regular and continuing review of executive succession planning and executive development activities. The performance evaluation process is set out in ANZ’s Board Renewal and Performance Evaluation Policy. ACCESS TO DIRECTORS NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Management is able to consult Directors as required. Employees have access to the Directors directly or through the Company Secretary. Shareholders who wish to communicate with the Directors may direct correspondence to a particular Director, or to the Non-Executive Directors as a whole. Role of Company Secretary The Board is responsible for the appointment of ANZ’s Company Secretaries. The Board has appointed three Company Secretaries. The Group General Counsel provides legal advice to the Board as and when required. He works closely with the Chair of the Governance Committee to develop and maintain ANZ’s corporate governance principles, and is responsible to the Board for the Company Secretary’s Offi ce function. The Company Secretary is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Company Secretary’s Offi ce including lodgements with relevant Securities Exchanges and other regulators, the administration of Board and Board Committee meetings (including preparation of meeting minutes), the management of dividend payments and associated share plans, the administration of the Group’s Australian subsidiaries and oversight of the relationship with ANZ’s Share Registrar. The Chief Financial Offi cer is also appointed as a Company Secretary. Profi les of ANZ’s Company Secretaries can be found in the Directors’ Report on page 12. Performance Evaluations OVERVIEW The framework used to assess the performance of Directors is based on the expectation that they are performing their duties: in the interests of shareholders; in a manner that recognises the great importance that ANZ places on the values of honesty, integrity, quality and trust; in accordance with the duties and obligations imposed upon them by ANZ’s Constitution, Non-Executive Directors Code of Conduct and Ethics, and the law; and having due regard to ANZ’s corporate responsibility objectives, and the importance of ANZ’s relationships with all its stakeholders and the communities and environments in which ANZ operates. Performance evaluations of the Non-Executive Directors are conducted in two ways: Annual review – On an annual basis, or more frequently if appropriate, the Chairman has a one-on-one meeting with each Non-Executive Director specifi cally addressing the performance criteria including compliance with the Non-Executive Directors Code of Conduct and Ethics. To assist the eff ectiveness of these meetings, the Chairman is provided with objective information about each Director (e.g. number of meetings attended, Committee memberships, other current directorships/roles etc) and a guide for discussion to ensure consistency. When considering the Director’s meeting attendance record during the previous year and also their other roles outside ANZ, the Chairman reviews generally whether the Director has suffi cient time to properly carry out their duties as an ANZ Director and more specifi cally whether they are making a suffi cient time commitment to the role both at and outside meetings. A report on the outcome of these meetings is provided to the Governance Committee and to the Board. Re-election statement – when nominating for re-election, Non-Executive Directors are given the opportunity to submit a written or oral statement to the Board setting out their reasons for seeking re-election. In the Non-Executive Director’s absence, the Board evaluates the statement, has regard to the performance criteria used in evaluating the performance of Non-Executive Directors as referred to above, and also considers their capacity to commit the necessary time to their role as a Director before deciding whether to endorse the relevant Director’s re-election. In connection with the latter aspect, consideration is given to the time required to attend and prepare for regular scheduled Board and Committee meetings (including the annual off -site meeting to review the Group’s strategy) as well as the time required to attend and prepare for ad hoc meetings should the need arise. With respect to Ms Watkins (who is seeking re-election at the 2011 Annual General Meeting) and her executive role as the CEO of GrainCorp Limited, the Board gave careful consideration at the time of her GrainCorp appointment to her ability to commit the necessary time to her role as an ANZ Director. This aspect is reviewed again as part of the annual performance review process each year (as referred to above) and the Board remains of the view that Ms Watkins has, and is and will be able to continue committing, the necessary time to properly carry out her role as an ANZ Director. 54 ANZ Annual Report 2011 CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD REVIEW PROCESSES UNDERTAKEN An annual review of the performance of the Chairman of the Board is facilitated by the Chair of the Governance Committee who seeks input from each Director individually on the performance of the Chairman of the Board against the competencies for the Chairman’s role approved by the Board. The Chair of the Governance Committee collates the input in order to provide an overview report to the Governance Committee and to the Board, as well as feedback to the Chairman of the Board. THE BOARD For the year ended 30 September 2011 the performance of the Board was assessed using an independent external facilitator, who sought input from each Director and certain members of senior Management when carrying out the assessment. The assessment was conducted in accordance with broad terms of reference agreed by the Governance Committee, and included a review of Board papers and decision processes for a range of key decisions made over the previous year. Based on the information and materials reviewed, the external facilitator rated the Board’s practices as delivering superior capabilities across all of the critical elements of board eff ectiveness. The results of the assessment were discussed with the Chair of the Governance Committee and were presented at a meeting of the Governance Committee which was attended by all Directors. It is expected that externally facilitated reviews of the Board will occur approximately every three years. The review process in the intervening years is conducted internally, and considers progress against any recommendations implemented arising from the most recent externally facilitated review, together with any new issues that may have arisen. BOARD COMMITTEES Each of the principal Board Committees conducts an annual Committee performance self-assessment to review performance using Guidelines approved by the Governance Committee. The Guidelines set out that at a minimum, the self-assessments should review and consider the following: the scope of the Committee’s responsibilities and duties as enshrined in its Charter; the Committee’s performance against its Charter and annual calendar of business; the Committee’s performance against any goals or objectives it set itself for the year under review; major issues considered by the Committee during the year; and the identifi cation of future topics for training/education of the Committee. The outcomes of the performance self-assessments, along with plans and objectives for the new fi nancial year, are submitted to the Governance Committee (and, in the case of the Governance Committee, to the Board) for discussion and noting. SENIOR MANAGEMENT Details of how the performance evaluation process is undertaken by the Board in respect of the Chief Executive Offi cer and other key senior executives, including how fi nancial, customer, operational and qualitative measures are assessed, are set out in the Remuneration Report on pages 16 to 33. Board, Director, Board Committee and relevant senior Management evaluations in accordance with the above processes have been undertaken in respect of the 2011 fi nancial year. Board Committees As set out on page 51 of this statement, the Board has the ability under its Constitution to delegate its powers and responsibilities to Committees of the Board. This allows the Board to spend additional and more focused time on specifi c issues. The Board has fi ve principal Board Committees: Audit Committee, Governance Committee, Human Resources Committee, Risk Committee and Technology Committee. MEMBERSHIP AND ATTENDANCE Each of the principal Board Committees is comprised solely of independent Non-Executive Directors, has its own Charter and has the power to initiate any special investigations it deems necessary. Membership criteria are based on each Director’s skills and experience, as well as his/her ability to add value and commit time to the Committee. Composition is reviewed annually by the Board. The Chairman is an ex-offi cio member of each principal Board Committee. The Chief Executive Offi cer is invited to attend Board Committee meetings as appropriate. His presence is not automatic, however, and he does not attend where his remuneration is considered or discussed, nor does he attend the Non-Executive Director private sessions of Committees. Non-Executive Directors may attend any meeting of any Committee. Each Board Committee may, within the scope of its responsibilities, have unrestricted access to Management, employees and information it considers relevant to the carrying out of its responsibilities under its Charter. Each Board Committee may require the attendance of any ANZ offi cer or employee, or request the attendance of any external party, at meetings as appropriate. MEETINGS The principal Board Committees plan their annual agendas following a process approved by the Board. The offi ces of the executives appointed to assist the Chair of each Board Committee liaise in order to review the calendars of business prepared by each Committee and identify any potential gaps and unnecessary overlaps between the Committees. In advance of each Board Committee meeting, the Committee Chair shall ensure that there is at least one planning session with relevant internal and external stakeholders to ensure that all emerging issues are captured in the agenda for the forthcoming meeting as appropriate. Minutes from Committee meetings are included in the papers to the following Board meeting. In addition, Committee Chairs update the Board regularly about matters relevant to the Committee’s role, responsibilities, activities and matters considered, discussed and resolved at Committee meetings. When there is a cross-Committee item, the Committees will communicate with each other through their Chairs. Corporate Governance 55 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued) ANZ BOARD COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIPS – as at 30 September 2011 Audit Governance Human Resources Risk Mr D E Meiklejohn FE, C Mr P A F Hay C Ms A M Watkins C Mr I J Macfarlane C Technology Dr G J Clark C Mr P A F Hay Mr I J Macfarlane Mr I J Macfarlane Ms A M Watkins Dr G J Clark Mr P A F Hay Dr G J Clark Mr Lee Hsien Yang Mr Lee Hsien Yang Mr D E Meiklejohn Ms A M Watkins FE Mr J P Morschel (ex offi cio) Mr Lee Hsien Yang Mr D E Meiklejohn Mr J P Morschel (ex offi cio) Mr J P Morschel (ex offi cio) Mr J P Morschel (ex offi cio) A review of the Audit Committee Charter was undertaken during the year and a small number of changes were made, including to confi rm that the Committee’s duties include reviewing any major proposed outsourcing of the Global Internal Audit function and also that there is some overlap in membership between the Risk Committee and Audit Committee. The Audit Committee meets with the external auditor and internal auditor without Management being present. The Chair of the Audit Committee meets separately and regularly with Global Internal Audit, the external auditor and Management. The Deputy Chief Financial Offi cer is the executive responsible for assisting the Chair of the Committee in connection with the administration and effi cient operation of the Committee. Substantive areas of focus in the 2011 fi nancial year included: Global Internal and External Audit – the Committee approved the annual plans for Global Internal and External Audit and kept progress against those plans under regular review. Adjustments to the Global Internal Audit Plan were made during the year to accommodate changes arising from high focus areas and changing risk profi les, integration and project work or specifi c Management requests; Accounting and regulatory developments – reports on accounting developments were provided to the Committee outlining relevant changes and implications for ANZ; Financial Reporting Governance Program – the Committee monitored the fi nancial reporting process and the controls in place to ensure the integrity of the fi nancial statements, including refreshing the Financial Reporting Governance Program; and Whistleblowing – the Committee received reports on disclosures made under ANZ’s Global Whistleblower Protection Policy. Mr J P Morschel (ex offi cio) C – Chair FE – Financial Expert AUDIT COMMITTEE The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing: ANZ’s fi nancial reporting principles and policies, controls and procedures; the eff ectiveness of ANZ’s internal control and risk management framework; the work of Global Internal Audit which reports directly and solely to the Chair of the Audit Committee (refer to Global Internal Audit on page 59 for more information); the Audit Committees of signifi cant subsidiary companies; prudential supervision procedures required by regulatory bodies to the extent relating to fi nancial reporting; the integrity of ANZ’s fi nancial statements, compliance with related legal and regulatory requirements, and the independent audit thereof; and any due diligence procedures. The Audit Committee is also responsible for: the appointment, annual evaluation and oversight of the external auditor, including reviewing their independence, fi tness and propriety and qualifi cations; compensation of the external auditor; where appropriate, replacement of the external auditor; and reviewing the performance and remuneration of the Group General Manager, Global Internal Audit. Under the Committee Charter, all members of the Audit Committee must be appropriately fi nancially literate. Both Mr Meiklejohn (Chair) and Ms Watkins were determined to be a ‘fi nancial expert’ during the 2011 fi nancial year under the defi nition set out in the Audit Committee Charter. While the Board has determined that Mr Meiklejohn and Ms Watkins each have the necessary attributes to be a ‘fi nancial expert’ in accordance with the relevant requirements, it is important to note that this does not give rise to Mr Meiklejohn or Ms Watkins having responsibilities additional to those of other members of the Audit Committee. 56 ANZ Annual Report 2011 GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE The Governance Committee is responsible for: identifying and recommending prospective Board members and ensuring appropriate succession planning for the position of Chairman (see page 52); ensuring there is a robust and eff ective process for evaluating the performance of the Board, Board Committees and non-executive Directors (see pages 54 to 55); monitoring the eff ectiveness of the Diversity Policy to the extent it relates to Board diversity and reviewing and approving measurable objectives for achieving gender diversity on the Board (see page 62); ensuring an appropriate Board and Board Committee structure is in place; reviewing and approving the Charters for each Board Committee except its own, which is reviewed and approved by the Board; and reviewing the development of and approving corporate governance policies and principles applicable to ANZ. HUMAN RESOURCES COMMITTEE The Human Resources Committee assists and makes recommendations to the Board in relation to remuneration matters and senior executive succession, including for the Chief Executive Offi cer. The Committee also assists the Board by reviewing and approving certain policies, as well as monitoring performance, with respect to health and safety issues and diversity. The Committee is responsible for reviewing and making recommendations to the Board on: remuneration matters relating to the Chief Executive Offi cer (details in the Remuneration Report on pages 16 to 45); remuneration matters, including incentive arrangements, for other Board Appointees (other than the Group General Manager Global Internal Audit); the design of remuneration structures and signifi cant incentive plans; and the Group’s Remuneration Policy and remuneration strategy. The Group General Counsel is the executive responsible for assisting the Chair of the Committee in connection with the administration and effi cient operation of the Committee. In addition, the Committee considers and approves the appointment of Board Appointees (other than the Group General Manager Global Internal Audit) and senior executive succession plans. Substantive areas of focus in the 2011 fi nancial year included: New diversity requirements – the Committee reviewed ANZ’s governance framework to ensure compliance with the amendments to the ASX Governance Principles relating to diversity; The Group Managing Director, Human Resources is the executive responsible for assisting the Chair of the Committee in connection with the administration and effi cient operation of the Committee. Substantive areas of focus in the 2011 fi nancial year included: Board governance framework – the Committee conducted its Management roles and performance – the Committee reviewed annual review of the Board’s governance framework and principles including in relation to Board composition and size, Director tenure, outside commitments, Board and Committee education, nomination procedures and Director independence criteria; Performance evaluation processes – the Committee reviewed existing processes relating to the annual performance reviews of the Board, Chairman of the Board, non-executive Directors and Board Committees. An independent external facilitator was engaged to facilitate the 2011 performance review of the Board; Board and Committee performance evaluations – the Committee reviewed the major themes arising from the annual Board performance review process. The Committee also received annual performance self-assessment reports from each of the other principal Board Committees; and Review and approval of Group policies – the Committee reviewed and, where appropriate, approved amendments to existing Group policies including the Continuous Disclosure Policy, Board Renewal and Performance Evaluation Policy, Fit and Proper Policy and the procedure relating to the approval of Non-Executive Director outside appointments. the performance of the Chief Executive Offi cer, the Chief Executive Offi cer’s direct reports and other key roles, and the succession plans in place for Management Board and business critical roles; Regulatory changes – the Committee continued to closely monitor regulatory developments and implications for ANZ both in Australia and globally, and refi ned remuneration policy and practice as required; Fitness and propriety – the Committee completed fi t and proper assessments for all existing and new Board Appointees; and Remuneration – the Committee approved the grant of up to $1,000 of shares to each eligible employee under the ANZ Employee Share Acquisition Plan, conducted an annual review of remuneration for Non-Executive Directors and also reviewed the compensation structure for senior executives. For more details on the activities of the Human Resources Committee, please refer to the Remuneration Report on pages 16 to 45. Corporate Governance 57 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued) RISK COMMITTEE The Board is principally responsible for approving the Group’s risk appetite and risk tolerance, related strategies and major policies, for the oversight of policy compliance, and for the eff ectiveness of the risk and compliance management framework that is in place. The Risk Committee is delegated responsibility for overseeing, monitoring and reviewing the Group’s risk management principles and policies, strategies, processes and controls including credit, market, liquidity, balance sheet, operational, compliance and other reputational risk control frameworks, as well as the culture of the organisation in connection with such matters. The Committee is also authorised to approve credit transactions and other related matters beyond the approval discretion of the Chief Risk Offi cer. The Chief Risk Offi cer is the executive responsible for assisting the Chair of the Committee in connection with the administration and effi cient operation of the Committee. Substantive areas of focus in the 2011 fi nancial year included: Economic environment – the Committee received updates on the global economic environment, including the impact of European sovereign debt issues, a weakened US economy and a high Australian dollar; Regulatory change – the Committee monitored proposed new regulations, both local and global, including Basel III and proposed Australian taxation changes; External environment – the Committee received updates on the impact of natural disasters in Australia, New Zealand and Japan; and Business updates – the Committee received updates from businesses across the Group. A risk management and internal control system to manage material business risks is in place, and Management reported to the Risk Committee during the year as to the eff ectiveness of the management of ANZ’s material business risks. For further information on how ANZ manages its material fi nancial risks, please see the disclosures in relation to AASB 7 ‘Financial instruments: Disclosure’ in the notes to the fi nancial statements. For further information on risk management governance and related ANZ policies, please see the Corporate Governance section of anz.com TECHNOLOGY COMMITTEE The Technology Committee assists the Board in the eff ective discharge of its responsibilities in relation to technology and related operations. The Committee is responsible for making recommendations to the Board on new projects in technology above $100 million in value, investigating and reviewing security issues relevant to ANZ’s technology, reviewing and approving Management recommendations for long-term technology and related operations planning, and the approval of policies, strategies and control frameworks for the management of technology risk. The Chief Information Offi cer is the executive responsible for assisting the Chair of the Committee in connection with the administration and effi cient operation of the Committee. Substantive areas of focus in the 2011 fi nancial year included: Review of new and existing major projects – the Committee reviewed proposed new major projects and monitored the progress of existing major projects; Strategy – the Committee received reports on major strategic initiatives, including the technology strategy, a revised organisational structure and changes to further strengthen the technology leadership team; Security – updates were received on key information security issues, and various tactical and strategic activities planned to remediate or control them; and Service and systems stability and performance – the Committee received regular reports on operational performance, and actions undertaken to improve service stability. DIRECTORS’ MEETINGS The number of Board meetings and meetings of Committees during the year the Director was eligible to attend, and the number of meetings attended by each Director were: Board Audit Committee Governance Committee A 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 B 9 10 10 10 9 10 10 10 A 6 6 6 6 6 B 6 6 6 6 6 A 4 4 4 4 B 4 3 4 4 Human Resources Committee A 5 5 5 5 5 B 5 5 5 5 5 Risk Committee Technology Committee Shares Committee* Committee of the Board* A 6 6 6 6 6 B 6 6 6 6 6 A 4 4 4 4 B 4 4 4 4 A 1 1 5 5 2 B 1 1 5 5 2 A B 3 8 8 3 8 8 G J Clark P A F Hay Lee Hsien Yang I J Macfarlane D E Meiklejohn J P Morschel M R P Smith A M Watkins Column A – Indicates the number of meetings the Director was eligible to attend. Column B – Indicates the number of meetings attended. The Chairman is an ex-officio member of the Risk, Audit, Human Resources, Governance and Technology Committees. With respect to Committee meetings, the table above records attendance of Committee members. Any Director is entitled to attend these meetings and from time to time Directors attend meetings of Committees of which they are not a member. *The meetings of the Shares Committee and Committee of the Board as referred to in the table above include those conducted by written resolution. The Executive Committee did not meet during the 2011 financial year. 58 ANZ Annual Report 2011 ADDITIONAL COMMITTEES the external auditor should not function as part of Management In addition to the fi ve principal Board Committees, the Board has constituted an Executive Committee and a Shares Committee, each consisting solely of Directors, to assist in carrying out specifi c tasks. The Executive Committee has the full power of the Board and is convened as necessary between regularly scheduled Board meetings to deal with urgent matters. The Shares Committee has the power to manage on behalf of the Board the issue of shares and options (including under ANZ’s Employee Share Plan and Share Option Plan). The Board also forms and delegates authority to ad-hoc Committees of the Board as and when needed to carry out specifi c tasks. Audit and Financial Governance GLOBAL INTERNAL AUDIT Global Internal Audit is a function independent of Management whose role is to provide the Board of Directors and Management with an eff ective and independent appraisal of the internal controls established by Management. Operating under a Board approved Charter, the Group General Manager, Global Internal Audit reports directly and solely to the Chair of the Audit Committee, with a direct communication line to the Chief Executive Offi cer and the external auditor. The Global Internal Audit Plan is developed utilising a risk based approach and is refreshed on a quarterly basis. The Audit Committee approves the plan, the associated budget and any changes thereto. All audit activities are conducted in accordance with ANZ policies and values, as well as local and international auditing standards, and the results thereof are reported to the Audit Committee, Risk Committee and Management. These results infl uence the performance assessment of business heads. Furthermore, Global Internal Audit monitors the remediation of audit issues and highlights the current status of any outstanding audits. EXTERNAL AUDIT The external auditor’s role is to provide an independent opinion that ANZ’s fi nancial reports are true and fair and comply with applicable regulations. The external auditor performs an independent audit in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. The Audit Committee oversees ANZ’s Policy on Relationship with the External Auditor. Under the Policy, the Audit Committee is responsible for the appointment (subject to ratifi cation by shareholders) and also the compensation, retention and oversight of the external auditor. The Policy also stipulates that the Audit Committee: pre-approves all audit and non-audit services on an engagement by engagement basis or pursuant to specifi c pre-approval policies adopted by the Committee; regularly reviews the independence of the external auditor; and evaluates the eff ectiveness of the external auditor. The Policy also requires that all services provided by the external auditor, including the non-audit services that may be provided by the external auditor, must be in accordance with the following principles: the external auditor should not have a mutual or confl icting interest with ANZ; the external auditor should not audit its own work; or as an employee; and the external auditor should not act as an advocate of ANZ. The Policy, which sets out in detail the types of services the external auditor may and may not provide, can be found on the Corporate Governance section of anz.com Details of the non-audit services provided by the external auditor, KPMG, during the 2011 fi nancial year, including their dollar value, together with the statement from the Board as to their satisfaction with KPMG’s compliance with the related independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001, are set out in the Directors’ Report on page 12. In addition, the auditor has provided an independence declaration under Section 307C of the Corporations Act 2001. ANZ requires a two year period before any former partner or employee of the external auditor is appointed as a Director or senior executive of ANZ. The lead partner of the external auditor is required to rotate off the audit after fi ve years and cannot return for a further fi ve years. Certain other senior audit staff are required to rotate off after a maximum of seven years. Any appointments of ex-partners or ex-employees of the external auditor as ANZ fi nance staff , at senior manager level or higher, must be pre-approved by the Chair of the Audit Committee. As disclosed in previous Annual Reports, in 2004 the US SEC commenced an inquiry into non-audit services provided by ANZ’s auditor, KPMG. This matter has been resolved and there was no adverse eff ect on ANZ. FINANCIAL CONTROLS The Audit Committee of the Board oversees ANZ’s fi nancial reporting policies and controls, the integrity of ANZ’s fi nancial statements, the relationship with the external auditor, the work of Global Internal Audit, and the Audit Committees of various signifi cant subsidiary companies. ANZ maintains a Financial Reporting Governance (FRG) Program which evaluates the design and tests the operation of key fi nancial reporting controls. In addition, half-yearly certifi cations are completed by senior Management, including senior fi nance executives. These certifi cations comprise representations and questions about fi nancial results, disclosures, processes and controls and are aligned with ANZ’s external obligations. This process is independently evaluated by Global Internal Audit and tested by the FRG Program. Any issues arising from the evaluation and testing are reported to the Audit Committee. This process assists the Chief Executive Offi cer and Chief Financial Offi cer in making the certifi cations to the Board under the Corporations Act and ASX Governance Principles as referred to in the Directors’ Report on page 13. Corporate Governance 59 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued) Ethical and Responsible Decision-making CODES OF CONDUCT AND ETHICS ANZ has two main Codes of Conduct and Ethics, the Employee Code and the Non-Executive Directors Code. These Codes provide employees and Directors with a practical set of guiding principles to help them make decisions in their day to day work. Having two Codes recognises the diff erent responsibilities that Directors have under law but enshrines the same values and principles. The Codes embody honesty, integrity, quality and trust, and employees and Directors are required to demonstrate these behaviours and comply with the Codes whenever they are identifi ed as representatives of ANZ. The principles underlying ANZ’s Codes of Conduct and Ethics are: We act in ANZ’s best interests and value ANZ’s reputation; We act with honesty and integrity; We treat others with respect, value diff erence and maintain a safe working environment; We identify confl icts of interest and manage them responsibly; We respect and maintain privacy and confi dentiality; We do not make or receive improper payments, benefi ts or gains; Within two months of starting work with ANZ, and thereafter on an annual basis, all employees are required to complete a training course that takes each employee through the eight Code principles and a summary of their obligations under each of the policies in the Conduct and Ethics Policy Framework. Employees are required to declare that they have read, understand and have complied with the principles of the Employee Code, including key relevant extracts of the policies set out above. To support the Employee Code of Conduct and Ethics, ANZ’s Global Performance Improvement and Unacceptable Behaviour Policy sets out the process to be followed to determine whether the Code has been breached and the consequences that should be applied to employees who are found to have breached the Code. Under the ANZ Global Performance Management Framework, any breach of the Code that leads to a consequence (such as a warning) will result in an unacceptable risk/compliance/behaviour fl ag being given at the time of the performance assessment. A fl ag must be taken into account when determining an employee’s performance and remuneration outcome and will almost always negatively impact those outcomes for the fi nancial year in question. Directors’ compliance with the Non-Executive Directors Code continues to form part of their annual performance review. We comply with the Codes, the law and ANZ’s policies and SECURITIES TRADING procedures; and We immediately report any breaches of the Codes, the law or ANZ policies and procedures. The Codes are supported by the following detailed policies that together form ANZ’s Conduct and Ethics Policy Framework: ANZ Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Program; ANZ Use of Systems, Equipment and Information Policy; ANZ Global Fraud and Corruption Policy; ANZ Group Expense Policy; ANZ Equal Opportunity, Bullying and Harassment Policy; ANZ Health and Safety Policy; ANZ Global Employee Securities Trading and Confl ict of Interest Policy; ANZ Global Anti-Bribery Policy; and ANZ Global Whistleblower Protection Policy. In 2010 ANZ implemented values and ethics training sessions that were run by ANZ leaders with their direct reports at manager level or above. Following this rollout, leaders are now strongly encouraged to run sessions for new direct reports and ensure they, in turn, brief their teams where required on ANZ’s values and ethical decision making within the team. The sessions are designed to build line manager capability, equipping ANZ leaders and their teams with tools and knowledge to make values-based, conscious and ethical business decisions and create team behaviour standards that are in line with the ANZ Values. ANZ’s Global Employee Securities Trading and Confl ict of Interest Policy prohibits trading in ANZ securities or the securities of other companies by all employees and Directors who are aware of unpublished price-sensitive information. The Policy specifi cally prohibits restricted employees, their associates and Directors trading in ANZ securities during ‘blackout periods’ as defi ned in the Policy. The Policy also provides that certain types of trading are excluded from the operation of the trading restrictions under the Policy, and for exceptional circumstances in which restricted employees and Directors may be permitted to trade during a prohibited period, with prior written clearance. Directors are required to obtain written approval from the Chairman in advance of any trading in ANZ securities. The Chairman of the Board is required to seek written approval from the Chair of the Audit Committee. Senior Executives and other restricted employees are also required to obtain written approval before they, or their associates, trade in ANZ securities. It is a condition of the grant of employee deferred shares and share options and rights that no schemes are entered into by any employee that specifi cally protect the value of such shares, options and rights before the shares have vested or the options or rights have entered their exercisable period. Any breach of this prohibition would constitute a breach of the grant conditions and would result in the forfeiture of the relevant shares, options or rights. Directors and Management Board members are also prohibited from providing ANZ securities as security in connection with any margin loan or similar fi nancing arrangement under which they may be subject to a margin call or loan to value ratio breach. 60 ANZ Annual Report 2011 WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION The ANZ Global Whistleblower Protection Policy provides a mechanism by which ANZ employees, contractors and consultants may report serious issues on a confi dential basis, without fear of victimisation or disadvantage. Complaints may be made under the Policy to Managers, designated Whistleblower Protection Offi cers, or via an independently managed Whistleblower Protection hotline. Commitment to Shareholders Shareholders are the owners of ANZ and the approaches described below are enshrined in ANZ’s Shareholder Charter, a copy of which can be found on the Corporate Governance section of anz.com COMMUNICATION In order to make informed decisions about ANZ, and to communicate views to ANZ, it is important for shareholders to have an understanding of ANZ’s business operations and performance. ANZ encourages shareholders to take an active interest in ANZ, and seeks to provide shareholders with quality information in a timely fashion through ANZ’s reporting of results, the Annual Report, the Shareholder and Corporate Responsibility Review, announcements and briefi ngs to the market, half yearly newsletters and via its dedicated shareholder site on anz.com. ANZ strives for transparency in all its business practices, and recognises the impact of quality disclosure on the trust and confi dence of shareholders, the wider market and the community. To this end, ANZ, outside of its scheduled result announcements, issued additional Trading Updates to the market during the 2011 fi nancial year. Should shareholders require any information, contact details for ANZ and its Share Registrar are set out in ANZ’s Annual Report, the Shareholder and Corporate Responsibility Review, the half yearly shareholder newsletter, and the Shareholder Centre section of anz.com MEETINGS To allow as many shareholders as possible to have an opportunity to attend shareholder meetings, ANZ rotates meetings around capital cities and makes them available to be viewed online using webcast technology. Further details on meetings and presentations held throughout this fi nancial year are available on anz.com > About us >Shareholder centre > Presentations and Webcasts. Prior to the Annual General Meeting, shareholders are provided the opportunity to submit any questions they have for the Chairman or Chief Executive Offi cer to enable key common themes to be considered. The external auditor is present at ANZ Annual General Meetings and available to answer shareholder questions on any matter that concerns them in their capacity as auditor. Directors are also required to attend the Annual General Meeting each year, barring unusual circumstances, and be available afterwards to meet with and answer questions of shareholders. Shareholders have the right to vote on various resolutions related to company matters. If shareholders are unable to attend a meeting they can submit their proxies via post or electronically. Where votes are taken on a poll, which is usual ANZ practice, shareholders are able to cast their votes on a confi dential basis. ANZ appoints an independent party to verify the results, normally KPMG, which are reported as soon as possible to the ASX and posted on anz.com Continuous Disclosure ANZ’s practice is to release all price-sensitive information to the ASX in a timely manner as required under the ASX Listing Rules and then to all relevant overseas securities exchanges on which ANZ’s securities are listed, and to the market and community generally through ANZ’s media releases, website and other appropriate channels. Through ANZ’s Continuous Disclosure Policy, ANZ demonstrates its commitment to achieving best practice in terms of disclosure by acting in accordance with the spirit, intention and purposes of the applicable regulatory requirements and by looking beyond form to substance. The Policy refl ects relevant obligations under applicable securities exchange listing rules and legislation. For disclosure purposes, price-sensitive information is information that a reasonable person would expect to have a material eff ect on the price or value of ANZ’s securities. Designated Disclosure Offi cers have responsibility for reviewing proposed disclosures and making decisions in relation to what information can be or should be disclosed to the market. Each ANZ employee is required to inform a Disclosure Offi cer regarding any potentially price-sensitive information concerning ANZ as soon as they become aware of it. A committee of senior executives (the Continuous Disclosure Review Sub-Committee) also meets on a regular basis each quarter to overview the eff ectiveness of ANZ’s systems and procedures for achieving compliance with applicable regulatory requirements in relation to the disclosure of price-sensitive information. This Sub-Committee reports to the Governance Committee of the Board on an annual basis. Corporate Responsibility ANZ aims to be a role model for responsible business growth and business behaviour as it pursues its goal to become a super regional bank. ANZ’s corporate responsibility framework responds to the priorities of customers, shareholders, employees, community groups, regulators and governments across ANZ’s business. It emphasises the role ANZ plays in society – helping to create prosperity and build thriving communities while growing ANZ’s business responsibly. The following fi ve priority areas guide ANZ’s corporate responsibility investments, initiatives and decisions globally: education and employment opportunities; bridging urban and rural social and economic divides; fi nancial capability; responsible practices; and urban sustainability. The Corporate Responsibility Committee is chaired by the Chief Executive Offi cer. The Committee provides strategic leadership on the corporate responsibility agenda and monitors progress and results. Each year, ANZ sets public targets and a business-wide program of work to respond to the most material issues and opportunities for its industry. This year ANZ achieved or made strong progress on over 90% of its public targets. ANZ keeps interested stakeholders abreast of developments through a monthly e-bulletin, and annual and interim corporate responsibility reporting. Detailed information on ANZ’s approach and results is available on anz.com> About us> Corporate Responsibility Corporate Governance 61 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued) Diversity at ANZ GENDER BALANCE AT ANZ ANZ considers a gender-balanced, diverse and inclusive workforce, where employee diff erences in areas like gender, age, culture, disability and lifestyle choice are valued, a strategic asset for its business and critical to achieving its super regional strategy. The ANZ Diversity Council, established in 2004, is responsible for setting the strategic direction and identifying focus areas in relation to diversity. It consists of senior executives and is chaired by the Chief Executive Offi cer. Gender balance is a key priority in this strategy and ANZ’s commitment includes Management Board level accountability for year-on-year improvements in gender balance, particularly across senior Management ranks. GENDER BALANCE AT BOARD, SENIOR EXECUTIVE AND MANAGEMENT LEVELS ANZ’s Board currently comprises eight Directors, and it is not the Board’s current intention to make any new Board appointments to increase the size of the Board, other than as a part of the succession planning process referred to below. The Board has one female Director, namely Ms Watkins, who joined the Board in November 2008 as a Non-Executive Director. Ms Watkins is Chair of the Human Resources Committee and a member of the Audit Committee and Governance Committee. The Board has a tenure policy which limits the period of service of a Non-Executive Director to three 3-year terms after fi rst being elected by shareholders. In accordance with this policy, the next scheduled Board retirements will occur at the 2013 AGM when three Directors are due to retire. The Board’s objective is that the new Director appointments who will replace the three retiring Directors will include at least one woman, and it is expected that these new appointments will be made in the period leading up to the 2013 AGM in order to provide an appropriate transition. This objective is being eff ectively progressed. ANZ has the highest proportion of women on its Management Board of any Australian bank (25%). Three female CEOs lead key countries in ANZ’s Asia Pacifi c growth markets of Vietnam, the Philippines and Hong Kong. Women also lead major global businesses including Capital Markets, Global Loans and Shared Services operations. Annual gender targets have been set since 2004. ANZ’s goals for the year ended 30 September 2011 and the results achieved are set out in the table below. While we did not achieve our targets over all the sub-categories, we improved our performance at senior Management level, the key pipeline for future executives. With respect to the total number of women across the organisation, the percentage fell slightly from 56.9% to 55%. See ‘Future Goals’ below for ANZ’s 2012 measurable objectives for achieving gender diversity. Group Senior executives Senior manager Manager Total women in management Baseline (30 Sept 2010) 30 September 2011 Target 30 September 2011 results 23.9% 27.6% 40.6% 38.4% 25.8% 29.3% 42.2% 40.0% 22.8% 28.5% 40.3% 38.2% PROGRESSION AND DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES ANZ aims to achieve gender balance in its key talent development and learning programs. This year ANZ invested signifi cantly in its core Leadership Pathway programs which target entry level managers through to enterprise leaders, and provide comprehensive training in the skills and competencies required to lead at ANZ. 45% of participants in all Leadership Pathway programs were female. Across ANZ’s broader Leadership Talent Radar program, 38% of participants were female. This percentage is similar to the current representation in Management ranks, however achieving gender balance in this program is a future priority. Awareness and education programs to eliminate any unconscious bias in ANZ’s policies, practice and workplace culture are underway. This year approximately 800 of ANZ’s managers, including Management Board and top 200 executives, globally participated in a learning program to better understand the economic and business case for gender balancing ANZ and how to best understand, inspire and capitalise on the talents of both female and male employees in ANZ’s workforce. Actions arising from these sessions include a commitment to early career and succession planning to get more women into line roles where they have access to the critical experiences required to be eff ective senior leaders. ANZ is also encouraging and supporting its senior male leaders to act as sponsors and advocates for talented women to widen the available pool of female talent who will consider working for ANZ. PAY EQUITY ANZ is committed to achieving pay equity for like roles across its business. ANZ tracks its progress annually and publicly reports its performance (see the 2011 Shareholder and Corporate Responsibility Review, which is available at anz.com). The gender pay diff erential between males and females (with comparisons based on like-for-like job size) continues to be minimal, and reductions in the gender diff erentials in fi xed pay were achieved. A review of performance based compensation awarded in 2010 revealed no systemic gender bias in ANZ’s reward allocation, with the proportion of women achieving ANZ’s two highest levels of relative performance outcome (RPO), which determines bonus levels, slightly higher than men. Six percent of females achieved RPO 1 compared to 5% of males and 21% of females achieved RPO 2 compared to 20% of males. In addition, 57% of award recipients in ANZ’s annual CEO Recognition Program were women. FLEXIBLE ARRANGEMENTS AND PARENTAL LEAVE ANZ off ers fl exible work arrangements, breaks from work and support in special circumstances to help balance life priorities with work and to manage careers. These include: compressed work weeks (where employees work the usual number of hours in fewer days); fl exible start and fi nish times; job sharing; telecommuting; part time work arrangements; and lifestyle leave which off ers up to four weeks unpaid leave for any purpose. See the 2011 Shareholder and Corporate Responsibility Review for information on the number of employees in fl exible work arrangements. 62 ANZ Annual Report 2011 A new childcare allowance introduced in 2011 provides Australian parents returning to work with a $4,000 grant to help them transition back to work after parental leave and superannuation is paid on all forms of paid parental leave. Over 478 employees received this grant in its fi rst year, and 94% of grant recipients remain ANZ employees today. WORKPLACE CULTURE ANZ is building a vibrant, diverse and inclusive culture as a critical foundation for its super regional strategy. This year, in the annual ‘My Voice’ survey, 79% of all respondents supported the statements that ‘ANZ is creating a work environment that is open and accepting of individual diff erences’ and ‘My manager supports my eff orts to balance my work and personal life’ – key indicators of the success of ANZ’s diversity priorities. SUPPORT FOR GENDER EQUALITY IN OUR COMMUNITIES The Chairman and Chief Executive Offi cer support an external business led program to mentor and advance more women into Board positions. The Chief Executive Offi cer, Mr Smith, is a member of the Male Champions for Change program (MCC), through which CEOs and Directors use their infl uence to ensure the issues of gender equality and women’s representation in leadership are elevated onto the national business agenda. Mr Smith is establishing a Melbourne Chapter of MCC, which will advocate for more accessible, fl exible and aff ordable childcare for parents while also championing ANZ’s fi nancial capability programs, which are described below. In 2011 ANZ was recognised as an Employer of Choice for Women by the Australian Equal Opportunity in the Workplace Agency. This followed similar achievements in the last year, including the Workplace Work and Life award in New Zealand for fl exible work practices and an IT Export award, recognising the high percentage of women employed in ANZ’s Technology business in India. Saver Plus, MoneyMinded, MoneyBusiness and Progress Loans, ANZ’s fi nancial capability initiatives, include mostly female participants and aim to encourage and support their economic empowerment, education and broader inclusion in society. To date, ANZ’s long-term, multi-million dollar investment in these programs has benefi ted tens of thousands of women on low incomes and from disadvantaged communities. FUTURE GOALS ANZ has set the following global goals for gender balance and diversity for 2012. The 2011 Shareholder and Corporate Responsibility Review contains further information on these targets. Public Gender Balance and Diversity Targets Reach at least 40% representation of women in management, including maintaining or increasing the proportion of women at all levels. Achieve gender balance and greater cultural diversity in our key recruitment, talent development and learning programs. Provide 230 positions through our traineeships, graduate program and permanent employment to people from disadvantaged backgrounds, including Indigenous Australians, Maori, people with disability and refugees; and support their advancement through mentoring and cultural awareness programs amongst all employees. Advance the role of women in society through engagement on key public policy issues, including advocacy for more accessible, aff ordable and fl exible childcare in Australia. Develop and commence implementation of a global approach to improving age diversity across our business. Publicly report outcomes of ANZ's current Reconciliation Action Plan and Diversity Action Plan. Donations and Community Investment ANZ has made a long term public commitment to invest in the communities in which it operates and contributed around $16.9 million in cash, time and in-kind services during the year ended 30 September 2011. This does not include ‘foregone revenue’ such as the cost of providing low or fee free accounts to government benefi t recipients. Building fi nancial capability is a key element of ANZ’s Corporate Responsibility framework, targeting especially those in disadvantaged communities who are most at risk of fi nancial exclusion. For this reason more than $3.5 million of this contribution was invested in fi nancial literacy and inclusion programs such as MoneyMinded (and its cultural adaptations in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacifi c), Saver Plus and Progress loans (Australia). Saver Plus was successful in gaining ongoing funding from the Australian Government to continue operating in 60 sites around Australia, with the support of partners Brotherhood of St Laurence, Berry Street, the Benevolent Society, the Smith Family and other community agencies. Over 7,500 participants were involved in Saver Plus over the past two years, and research shows that 87% of people continue to save the same amount or more up to three years after completing the program. ANZ off ers all staff at least one day of paid volunteer leave per year to make a diff erence in their local communities. This year we expanded our volunteering program in Asia and the Pacifi c through a partnership with Australian Volunteers International where our employees are volunteering their time and expertise to help build the capacity of community organisations. In the past year, staff volunteered more than 91,000 hours across our region. ANZ also committed more than $3.7 million, including matching of staff donations, to support the recovery and rebuilding of communities in regions aff ected by natural disasters including Australia, New Zealand and Japan. Further details can be accessed at anz.com/cr In addition, for the year to 30 September 2011, ANZ donated $80,000 to the Liberal Party of Australia and $80,000 to the Australian Labour Party. Corporate Governance 63 Review of Operations Principal Risks and Uncertainties Five Year Summary 65 76 84 64 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Review of Operations Chief Executive Offi cer’s Report A MESSAGE FROM PETER MARRIOTT A MESSAGE FROM MICHAEL SMITH ANZ reported a profi t after tax of $5,355 million for the year ended 30 September 2011. Income Statement ($m) Net interest income Other operating income Operating income Operating expenses Profi t before credit impairment and income tax Provision for credit impairment Profi t before income tax Income tax expense Non-controlling interests Profi t attributable to shareholders of the Company Underlying profi t 2011 11,483 5,449 16,932 (8,023) 8,909 (1,237) 7,672 (2,309) (8) 5,355 2010 10,869 4,823 15,692 (7,304) 8,388 (1,787) 6,601 (2,096) (4) 4,501 Movt 6% 13% 8% 10% 6% -31% 16% 10% 100% 19% Profi t has been adjusted to exclude non-core items to arrive at underlying profi t, the result for the ongoing business activities of the Group. These adjustments have been determined on a consistent basis with those made in prior periods. The adjustments made in arriving at underlying earnings are included in statutory profi t, and are therefore subject to audit within the context of the Group statutory audit opinion. The principles set out in the Australian Institute of Company Director’s (AICD) and the Financial Services Institute of Australasia’s (FINSIA) joint recommendations ‘Principles for reporting of non-statutory profi t information’ have been adopted in determining underlying profi t. The external auditor has advised the Audit Committee that the adjustments are based on the guidelines released by the AICD and FINSIA, and consistent with prior period adjustments. Income Statement ($m) Statutory profi t attributable to shareholders of the Company Adjustments between statutory profi t and underlying profi t Underlying profi t Adjustments between statutory profi t and underlying profi t ($m) New Zealand technology integration Acquisition costs and valuation adjustments Treasury shares adjustment Tax on New Zealand conduits Changes in New Zealand tax legislation Economic hedging – fair value (gains)/losses Revenue and net investment hedges losses/(gains) NZ managed funds impacts Non-continuing businesses Credit intermediation trades Other Adjustments between statutory profi t and underlying profi t 2011 5,355 297 5,652 2011 86 126 (41) – (2) 117 51 (39) (4) 3 297 2010 4,501 524 5,025 2010 – 480 32 (38) 36 146 (24) (34) (54) (20) 524 Movt 19% -43% 12% Movt n/a -74% large -100% large -20% large 15% -93% large -43% Review of Operations 65 REVIEW OF OPERATIONS (continued) Pro forma To enhance the understanding and comparability of fi nancial information between reporting periods, ‘pro forma’ information is presented below. The pro forma adjustments are based on underlying profi t and assume the increase in ownership in OnePath Australia and New Zealand acquisitions from 49% to 100% and the Landmark and RBS acquisitions took eff ect from 1 October 2009, eff ectively restating the Group’s underlying profi t for the 2010 full year. This analysis provides the estimated growth rates of the ongoing business performance of the Group including recent acquisitions. The pro forma results below are also adjusted to exclude the impact of exchange rate movements. Pro forma Underlying Pro forma/underlying profi t by key line item Net interest income Other operating income1,2 Operating income Operating expenses Profi t before credit impairment and income tax Provision for credit impairment1 Profi t before income tax Income tax expense2 Non-controlling interests 2011 11,481 5,331 16,812 (7,718) 9,094 (1,211) 7,883 (2,222) (9) 2010 10,869 5,105 15,974 (7,132) 8,842 (1,845) 6,997 (1,977) (6) Profi t attributable to shareholders of the Company 5,652 5,014 Movt 6% 4% 5% 8% 3% -34% 13% 12% 50% 13% 2011 11,481 5,331 16,812 (7,718) 9,094 (1,211) 7,883 (2,222) (9) 2010 10,862 4,920 15,782 (6,971) 8,811 (1,820) 6,991 (1,960) (6) 5,652 5,025 Movt 6% 8% 7% 11% 3% -33% 13% 13% 50% 12% 1 Credit valuation adjustments on defaulted or impaired exposures of $17 million are reclassified as provision for credit impairment (2010: $34 million). 2 Policyholder tax of $208 million (2010: $215 million) is netted off against the change in policyholder liabilities for underlying profit. 66 ANZ Annual Report 2011 ANZ reported a profi t attributable to shareholders of the Company of $5,355 million for the year ended 30 September 2011, up $854 million or 19% from $4,501 million for the year ended 30 September 2010. Underlying profi t was up 12% to $5,652 million. On a pro forma basis, profi t increased by $638 million or 13%. Analysis of the business performance on a pro forma basis excluding exchange rates by major income and expense categories follows: Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America geography increased $14.1 billion (30%): Driven mainly by deposit raising strategies in UK combined with business expansion and RBS acquisition in Asia. This was partly off set by a decrease in New Zealand geography of $2.0 billion (4%) due to a decline in Commercial Paper issuance due to reduced funding requirements. A further decrease of $7.3 billion (2%) was due to foreign exchange rate movements. Net interest margin2 decreased by 1 basis point to 2.46%. Excluding the impact of the Global Markets business, the Group margin2 increased by 7 basis points. The main drivers of improved margin performance excluding Global Markets were: Improved asset margin (16 basis points) fl owing from pricing decisions in retail and commercial businesses in Australia and New Zealand, increase in fee income in Institutional and benefi t from a change in the lending mix. Funding & Asset mix changes (3 basis points) driven by lower reliance on wholesale funding as growth in customer deposits meets ongoing funding requirements. This was partly off set by a higher cost of deposits (-8 basis points) and higher funding costs (-3 basis points). Deposit costs were higher due to the competitive pressures (-5 basis points), continued customer migration to lower margin deposits (-2 basis points) and lower returns from the replicating portfolio (-1 basis point). Higher funding costs (-3 basis points) were mainly due to an increase in wholesale funding costs. Global Markets had a -8 basis points impact on the total Group margin. This was driven by lower earnings from managing balance sheet risk (-4 basis points), lower earnings from other lending and investment activities (-2 basis points), higher funding costs associated with unrealised gains on derivatives (-1 basis point) and the balance sheet dilution impact (-1 basis point). Net Interest Income Net interest income increased 6% with higher margins (excluding the impact of the Global Markets business), growth in average interest earning assets and an increase in average deposits and other borrowings. Growth in average interest earning assets1 was $28.2 billion (6%). Major movements include: Australia geography increased $21.3 billion (7%): Mortgages increased $15.5 billion (10%) driven by growth in net advances refl ecting continuing customer demand for variable rate lending. There was also growth in Global Markets due to an increase in reverse repo balances and short term available-for-sale assets in the Liquidity Portfolio and in Commercial Banking following growth in customer lending. Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America (APEA) geography increased $15.8 billion (33%): Hong Kong/Taiwan increased $5.8 billion (90%) due to growth in net advances from the RBS business acquisition and organic growth. Singapore increased $3.8 billion (38%) due to an increase in trade loans, as well as the launch of the mortgage lending business in Retail. China increased $2.2 billion (86%) driven by higher domestic lending and investment of surplus cash. Onshore lending business in India grew with the launch of the India branch. This was partly off set by a decrease of $8.4 billion (2%) due to foreign exchange rate movements. Growth in average deposits and other borrowings was $32.6 billion (11%). Major movements include: Australia geography increased $27.8 billion (14%): Banking Products increased $8.6 billion (14%) due to uplift from core customer deposits. Treasury increased $8.2 billion (20%) driven by higher Certifi cates of Deposit due to change in funding mix following the decision to stop re-discounting customer acceptances. Markets & Transaction Banking increased $7.8 billion (16%) with higher customer deposits in part refl ecting system growth. 1 Balance sheet growth and associated commentary is on a statutory (not pro forma) basis and is not adjusted for the changes in exchange rates. 2 Net interest margin and associated commentaries are on a statutory (not pro forma) basis. The acquisitions did not have a significant impact on net interest margin. Review of Operations 67 Operating Expenses Operating expenses grew 8% with cost growth primarily in Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America, Institutional and Group Centre as a result of ongoing investment in key strategic markets and infrastructure and system enhancements to support future growth. Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America cost growth was up 22% from the build out of the franchise, largely in Institutional, and compared with 18% revenue growth. Institutional cost growth was up 17% mainly due to the runrate impact of higher personnel costs from investment to build out capabilities in Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America and investment in cash management and foreign exchange capability in the prior year. The Australia cost growth of 4% was largely due to annual salary increases and a 2% increase in staff numbers. New Zealand costs were down 2%, refl ecting productivity gains from simplifying the business. Group Centre cost growth was up 28% largely from increased investment in our Chengdu and Manila Hubs and increased technology investment. Personnel expenses increased $445 million (10%) as a result of annual salary increases and the continued build out of the Institutional franchise in Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America. Infl ationary increases in New Zealand were partly off set by a 2% reduction in staff numbers from simplifying the business. Staff numbers increased in Group Centre as a result of the build out of the off shore Hubs and investment in technology. Premises expenses increased $23 million (3%) refl ecting higher staff numbers, infl ationary increases and an increased cost associated with reducing our carbon footprint. Computer expenses increased $157 million (18%) due to a $51 million increase in depreciation and amortisation and an increase in Computer contractors’ costs from our signifi cant investment in technology. Other expenses reduced $39 million (3%) due to a strong focus on constraining discretionary costs, lower non-lending losses in 2011 and lower project related expenses which are off set by increases in Personnel and Computer expenses. REVIEW OF OPERATIONS (continued) Other Operating Income Other operating income increased 4% for the year ended 30 September 2011. Major movements include: Fee income increased $29 million (1%): Transaction Banking increased $66 million (17%) driven mainly by volume growth. Deposits Australia decreased $26 million (10%) due to lower exception fees and reduction in volumes. Foreign exchange earnings increased $45 million (18%): Transaction Banking increased $25 million (24%) driven by higher volumes and pricing initiatives. Retail and Wealth Asia increased $13 million driven by higher volumes. Net income from wealth management increased $44 million (4%): Wealth Australia increased $23 million (2%) driven by increased capital investment earnings largely due to the recovery from the impacts of the Global Financial Crisis. This was partially off set by a reduction in funds management net income due to a combination of margin squeeze and lower average funds under management. New Zealand Wealth increased $18 million (14%) mainly driven by an increase in insurance income from OnePath New Zealand. Other income increased $25 million (5%) largely in Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America (up $41 million) due to Retail & Wealth Asia growing $25 million and our Partnerships business increasing $16 million (4%). Retail & Wealth Asia increased $25 million mainly due to a $19 million gain on sale of the Taiwan credit card portfolio. The Partnerships business increased $16 million (4%) driven mainly by equity accounted earnings increasing $88 million due to higher earnings in Shanghai Rural Commercial Bank (SRCB) off set in part by lower earnings in Bank of Tianjin (BoT) and Saigon Securities Inc (SSI). This was further off set by the $35 million write-down of the investment in Sacombank in 2011 principally due to a decline in the Vietnamese currency compared to a separate $25 million gain in 2010 reversing an earlier writedown of the investment in SSI. Other impacts include a $19 million gain on sale of 20 Martin Place in Sydney. This was partly off set by: a reduction of $14 million (17%) in E*Trade driven mainly by lower brokerage income and impairment of an investment in associate, a decrease of $9 million (48%) in New Zealand mainly due to the de-consolidation of a previously owned controlled entity, and a decline of $8 million in Global Loans. Global Markets income is aff ected by mix impacts between the categories within other operating income and net interest income. Global Markets income decreased $189 million or 11%. Trading and balance sheet income within Global Markets businesses fell 36% refl ecting the impact of a number of signifi cant global events that have aff ected the stability of fi nancial markets. Despite the diffi cult trading conditions Global Markets continues to diversify the product and geographic mix of its revenue streams and client base. Markets sales were up 22% and foreign exchange revenues increased 3% with foreign exchange sales revenues now representing 52% of Global Markets sales revenues (2010: 48%). 68 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Provision for Credit Impairment Total credit impairment charge relating to lending assets, commitments and debt securities classifi ed as available-for-sale assets decreased by $550 million from September 2010 to $1,237 million. The pro forma credit impairment charge decreased by $634 million, driven by lower individual provision charges (down $652 million) and partly off set by higher collective provision charges (up $2 million). This refl ected a slowing in large single name provisions, a stabilising loan portfolio and growth in low risk assets. The pro forma individual provision charge decreased $652 million over the year, due mainly to reductions in Institutional. The decrease in Institutional of $589 million refl ects improved portfolio quality, recoveries and a reduction in new impaired assets. The decreases in New Zealand and Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America of $93 million and $54 million respectively refl ect slowly improving economies in New Zealand and Asia. Australia saw a $75 million increase refl ecting the impact of the natural disasters, and weakness in the rural sector. The pro forma collective provision charge increased by $2 million during the year with increases in Australia, Institutional and Group Centre off set by decreases in New Zealand and Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America. The $38 million increase in Australia is primarily driven by growth and an upward trend in delinquencies in the retail portfolio, fl oods and writebacks in the prior year. The Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America decrease refl ects underlying credit improvement off set partially by growth driven by Asia. The Institutional division increase of $89 million is mainly driven by growth in Global Loans. The New Zealand reduction was driven by releases to the economic cycle adjustment as a result of the earthquake impacted exposures migrating to impaired, coupled with some improvement in credit quality. Part of the fl ood provision release was used to fund an additional central economic cycle adjustment of $40 million due to ongoing global uncertainty. Review of Operations 69 REVIEW OF OPERATIONS (continued) Balance Sheet Summary Assets Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading and available-for-sale assets Derivative fi nancial instruments Net loans and advances including acceptances Investments relating to insurance business Other Total Assets Liabilities Due to other fi nancial institutions Customer deposits Other deposits and other borrowings Deposits and other borrowings Derivative fi nancial instruments Liability for acceptances Bonds and notes Insurance policy liabilities/external unitholder liabilities Other Total liabilities Total equity The Group’s balance sheet continued to strengthen during 2011 with increased capital ratios, a higher level of liquidity, an increased proportion of funding from customer deposits and a reduction in the proportion of impaired assets to gross loans and advances. The Group’s Common Equity Tier-1 ratio increased 47 basis points to 8.5% and the Tier 1 ratio increased 84 basis points to 10.9% well above regulatory minima and suffi cient to comply with APRA’s proposed implementation of Basel III capital reforms in Australia at January 2013. The level of prime and supplementary liquid asset holdings increased from September 2010 by $16.5 billion to $91.3 billion at September 2011, suffi cient to cover the maturities of all short and long term off shore wholesale debt securities. During the year to September 2011 the total increase in customer funding was $42.2 billion. The proportion of customer funding is now 61%, an increase of 3% from September 2010. Gross impaired assets decreased 15% to $5.6 billion largely refl ecting a 23% decreased in impaired loans. Net impaired assets as a % of net advances decreased from 1.27% in 2010 to 0.98% in 2011. Asset growth of $62.8 billion (12%) is principally driven by: Net loans and advances including acceptances increased $33.9 billion (9%) primarily driven by above system Australian housing lending growth of $10.9 billion (7%) and Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America growth of $11.7 billion (43%) across all business lines. Derivative fi nancial instruments increased $16.3 billion (43%) mainly attributable to a depreciation in the Australian Dollar against other currencies late in the second half of 2011 and volatility in the foreign exchange and interest rate markets. 70 ANZ Annual Report 2011 2011 $m 2010 $m 24,899 8,824 58,338 54,118 397,307 29,859 21,143 594,488 23,012 296,754 71,975 368,729 50,088 970 56,551 32,536 24,648 556,534 37,954 18,945 5,481 54,257 37,821 363,392 32,171 19,636 531,703 21,610 256,875 53,508 310,383 37,217 11,495 59,714 34,429 22,700 497,548 34,155 Movt 31% 61% 8% 43% 9% -7% 8% 12% 6% 16% 35% 19% 35% -92% -5% -5% 9% 12% 11% Trading & available-for-sale assets increased $4.1 billion (8%) including a $6.0 billion reduction due to ANZ bill acceptances no longer being rediscounted and classifi ed as trading securities. Excluding this, the increase was $10.1 billion mainly driven by an increase of $5.9 billion in investment in government securities by Singapore and New Zealand and an increase of $4.1 billion in Institutional Australia mainly due to increased commodity holdings and government securities. Liabilities growth of $59.0 billion (12%) is principally driven by: Deposits and other borrowings increased $58.3 billion (19%) due to growth in customer deposits of $39.9 billion (16%) in Retail, Commercial and Institutional in Australia of $18.9 billion (12%) as consumers and corporates deleverage and growth in Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America of $18.2 billion (39%) driven by strong momentum across the region. Other deposits and borrowings increased $18.5 billion (35%) mainly due to an increase in certifi cate of deposits issued in Australia following a switch in products used for funding purposes from liability for acceptances to certifi cates of deposits. Australia Income statement ($m) Net interest income Other external operating income Operating income Operating expenses Profi t before credit impairment and income tax Provision for credit impairment Profi t before income tax Income tax expense Non-controlling interests Profi t Number of employees Pro forma1 Underlying2 2011 5,821 2,358 8,179 (3,506) 4,673 (711) 3,962 (1,185) – 2,777 2010 5,426 2,366 7,792 (3,361) 4,431 (598) 3,833 (1,116) – 2,717 Movt 7% 0% 5% 4% 5% 19% 3% 6% n/a 2% 2011 5,821 2,358 8,179 (3,506) 4,673 (711) 3,962 (1,185) – 2,777 2010 5,384 2,222 7,606 (3,256) 4,350 (583) 3,767 (1,093) – 2,674 17,768 17,348 Movt 8% 6% 8% 8% 7% 22% 5% 8% n/a 4% 2% 1 These results have been presented on a pro forma, foreign exchange adjusted basis. For more information on the presentation of this information on this basis, refer to page 65. 2 Adjusted for non-core items that are not part of the normal ongoing operations of the Group including one-off gains and losses, gains and losses on the sale of businesses, non-continuing businesses, timing differences on economic hedges, and acquisition related costs. Refer to page 66. On a pro forma basis profi t increased 2%, with profi t before credit impairment and income tax up 5%. Operating expenses were up 4% largely due to infl ationary impacts, annual salary increases, higher FTE levels and project related spend. Net interest income increased 7% driven by strong growth in both average deposits of 12% and average net loans and advances including acceptances of 9%. Net interest margin decreased 2 basis points. Growth in average net loans and advances was driven by above system growth in Mortgages combined with double digit growth in both the Business Banking and Small Business Banking portfolios. Deposit growth was very strong, with solid contributions from both the Retail and Commercial deposit portfolios. Net interest margin declined 2 bps in the year as continued competitive pricing on deposits and the impact of a shift in deposit product mix towards higher priced term deposits and on-line accounts more than off set any benefi t from asset repricing. Other external operating income was fl at as the adverse impact of removing exception fees and deferred establishment fees in Retail was largely off set by volume driven increases. Provision for credit impairment increased 19% in the year. South East Queensland in particular struggled due to higher than national average unemployment combined with adverse tourism impacts from the strong Australian Dollar and the fl oods earlier in the year. The individual provision increased 16% refl ecting the stress on customers as a consequence of the deteriorating economic conditions. The year on year increase of $38 million in the collective provision charge was driven mainly by raising a fl ood provision in the March 2011 half combined with volume growth, marginally off set by some improvements in credit quality. Net impaired assets increased from 0.26% to 0.29% of net advances. Review of Operations 71 REVIEW OF OPERATIONS (continued) Asia Pacifi c, Europe and America Income statement ($m) Net interest income Other external operating income Operating income Operating expenses Profi t before credit impairment and income tax Provision for credit impairment Profi t before income tax Income tax expense Non-controlling interests Profi t Number of employees Pro forma1 Underlying2 2011 1,130 1,364 2,494 (1,488) 1,006 (110) 896 (166) (9) 721 2010 1,010 1,103 2,113 (1,224) 889 (177) 712 (83) (6) 623 Movt 12% 24% 18% 22% 13% -38% 26% 100% 50% 16% 2011 1,130 1,364 2,494 (1,488) 1,006 (110) 896 (166) (9) 721 2010 971 1,097 2,068 (1,142) 926 (154) 772 (90) (6) 676 Movt 16% 24% 21% 30% 9% -29% 16% 84% 50% 7% 10,650 10,332 3% 1 These results have been presented on a pro forma basis. For more information on the presentation of this information on this basis, refer to page 65. 2 Adjusted for non-core items that are not part of the normal ongoing operations of the Group including one-off gains and losses, gains and losses on the sale of businesses, non-continuing businesses, timing differences on economic hedges, and acquisition related costs. Refer to page 66. Provision charges for credit impairment decreased 38%. Individual provision charges were 37% lower in 2011 due to higher recoveries achieved mainly in the Retail businesses in Asia (in particular, Taiwan). Collective provision charges were lower due to the upgrade of a few large Institutional customers and the release arising from active de-risking of the previously RBS-owned portfolios. Net loans and advances increased 43% and customer deposits 39% due to increases in Transaction Banking and Global Loans. On a pro forma basis, profi t grew 16% with solid profi t growth by both the Retail and Institutional businesses despite lower Global Markets trading income in the September 2011 half. We completed the acquisitions of the RBS businesses in the Philippines, Vietnam and Hong Kong during the fi rst half of 2010. Asia Partnerships’ profi t contribution held steady despite the impairment charge relating to the carrying value of our investment in Saigon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint-Stock Bank (Sacombank) in the fi rst half of 2011 and the positive impact of the reversal of the Saigon Securities Incorporation impairment charge in 2010. Key factors aff ecting the result were: Solid balance sheet growth contributed to net interest income increasing 12% compared with 2010. Other external operating income grew 24% primarily from higher fees and other income by Global Markets, the gain from the sale of credit cards loan portfolios in Taiwan, and increased earnings from Asia Partnerships. The 22% increase in operating expenses resulted from the build-up of regional revenue generating staff and support capabilities. Employees increased by 318 during 2011. 72 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Institutional Income statement ($m) Net interest income Other external operating income Operating income Operating expenses Profi t before credit impairment and income tax Provision for credit impairment Profi t before income tax Income tax expense Non-controlling interests Profi t Number of employees Pro forma1 Underlying2 2011 3,092 1,814 4,906 (2,001) 2,905 (258) 2,647 (750) (2) 1,895 2010 3,178 1,684 4,862 (1,717) 3,145 (742) 2,403 (670) – 1,733 Movt -3% 8% 1% 17% -8% -65% 10% 12% n/a 9% 2011 3,092 1,814 4,906 (2,001) 2,905 (258) 2,647 (750) (2) 1,895 2010 3,226 1,721 4,947 (1,748) 3,199 (741) 2,458 (680) – 1,778 Movt -4% 5% -1% 14% -9% -65% 8% 10% n/a 7% 6,448 6,180 4% 1 These results have been presented on a pro forma, foreign exchange adjusted basis. For more information on the presentation of this information on this basis, refer to page 65. 2 Adjusted for non-core items that are not part of the normal ongoing operations of the Group including one-off gains and losses, gains and losses on the sale of businesses, non-continuing businesses, timing differences on economic hedges, and acquisition related costs. Refer to page 66. Net interest margin (excluding Global Markets) was down 8 basis points, partially due to a one-off interest write back in 2010 which increased prior year net interest margin by 3 basis points as well as the geographic mix eff ect with signifi cant increase in volumes in the lower spread Asia region. Net loans and advances were up $12.4 billion, 16%, with APEA growth of $10.5 billion (49%). Australian lending increased $2.6 billion (5%) and the margins on our lending portfolios in Australia and New Zealand were held relatively steady following repricing completed in 2010. Expenses increased 17% mainly due to the run rate impact of investments made in building out APEA capabilities in the prior year and in cash platforms to support the super regional strategy. Credit impairment expense was down 65% refl ecting the improvement in the quality of the book as well as the credit cycle. Institutional’s goal is to build the best bank in the world for clients who are dependent on trade and capital fl ows across the region, particularly those in the natural resources, agribusiness and infrastructure sectors. Aligned to this strategic ambition, our priority products are trade, cash management, foreign exchange and commodities and capital markets. Pro forma profi t increased 9%, a solid performance in diffi cult market conditions, with the changing geographic distribution of profi t refl ecting our super regional strategy. While overall pro forma global revenue increased 1%, customer revenues were up 10% to $4.3 billion, but this was off set by lower trading and balance sheet revenues which were down 36% refl ecting the diffi cult market conditions. Customer revenues in our priority sectors of resources, agribusiness and infrastructure grew around 18%. Over 1,300 new relationships were acquired during the year. APEA revenues grew 30% and represent 26% of global revenues (2010: 20%). Partially off setting APEA revenue growth was a 7% contraction in Australia, where trading conditions were particularly diffi cult in the second half. Despite challenging economic conditions, New Zealand performed well with revenue up 2% on 2010. Within our priority product segments, Payments and Cash Management (“PCM”) revenues grew 13% on the back of investment in our “Transactive” cash management platforms. Customer deposits in PCM were up 27% with particularly strong growth in Asia, up 68%. Trade revenues were up 29% with 58% growth in Asia. Markets sales were up 13% and foreign exchange (FX) revenues increased 22% with FX sales revenues now representing 52% of total Global Markets sales revenues (2010: 48%). Review of Operations 73 REVIEW OF OPERATIONS (continued) New Zealand Income statement ($m) Net interest income Other external operating income Operating income Operating expenses Profi t before credit impairment and income tax Provision for credit impairment Profi t before income tax Income tax expense Non-controlling interests Profi t Number of employees Pro forma1 Underlying2 2011 1,693 466 2,159 (1,015) 1,144 (166) 978 (286) – 692 2010 1,579 472 2,051 (1,035) 1,016 (395) 621 (172) – 449 Movt 7% -1% 5% -2% 13% -58% 57% 66% n/a 54% 2011 1,693 466 2,159 (1,015) 1,144 (166) 978 (286) – 692 2010 1,635 474 2,109 (1,057) 1,052 (409) 643 (180) – 463 Movt 4% -2% 2% -4% 9% -59% 52% 59% n/a 49% 8,884 9,073 -2% 1 These results have been presented on a pro forma, foreign exchange adjusted basis. For more information on the presentation of this information on this basis, refer to page 65. 2 Adjusted for non-core items that are not part of the normal ongoing operations of the Group including one-off gains and losses, gains and losses on the sale of businesses, non-continuing businesses, timing differences on economic hedges, and acquisition related costs. Refer to page 66. Financial performance in the 2011 year was strongly ahead of that in 2010, driven by a clear focus on simplifying the business, margin management and lower credit provisioning, although the lack of credit growth had a moderating impact. On a pro forma basis, profi t for the 2011 year increased 54%, with the result including a $229 million decrease in credit impairment charge. Profi t before credit impairment and income tax increased 13%, driven by revenue growth and supported by strong management of costs. Our customer value proposition in New Zealand continues to be strong across the businesses, with the Simplifi cation Program contributing to a signifi cant uplift in Retail customer satisfaction during the year, culminating in ANZ being awarded the Sunday Star-Times Canstar Cannex Bank of the Year Award, with The National Bank second. Key components of the pro forma result were: Net interest income increased 7%. This growth refl ected the margin benefi t from repricing of the fi xed rate lending book, and mix benefi t from an increased proportion of variable rate lending in the mortgage portfolio. Deposit margins, however, were reduced in the competitive environment. Lending volumes increased 1% and customer deposits increased 7%, both largely market-driven. Other external operating income declined 1%, refl ecting lower Retail fees driven by a full year’s impact from the fee restructure implemented during 2010. This was partly off set by increased income in Wealth from growth in the OnePath insurance and KiwiSaver businesses, and increased investment funds under management in Private Banking. Operating expenses decreased 2%, refl ecting productivity gains from simplifying the business, which more than off set infl ationary impacts. Provision for credit impairment charge decreased $229 million. The individual provision charge was cyclically lower, down $93 million on last year. The collective provision charge decreased $136 million, largely refl ecting credit cycle adjustments booked in the 2010 year, with part releases in 2011. The total loss rate (total provision charge as a percentage of average net advances) for the 2011 year was 0.25%, down from 0.59% for the 2010 year. 74 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Group Centre Income statement ($m) Net interest income Other external operating income Operating income Operating expenses Profi t before credit impairment and income tax Provision for credit impairment Profi t before income tax Income tax expense Non-controlling interests Profi t Number of employees Pro forma1 Underlying2 2011 381 (35) 346 (388) (42) (40) (82) 46 – (36) 2010 219 (48) 171 (302) (131) (10) (141) (23) – (164) Movt 74% -27% large 28% -68% large -42% large n/a -78% 2011 381 (35) 346 (388) (42) (40) (82) 46 – (36) 2010 223 (87) 136 (302) (166) (10) (176) (11) – (187) Movt 71% -60% large 28% -75% large -53% large n/a -81% 6,689 5,557 20% 1 These results have been presented on a pro forma, foreign exchange adjusted basis. For more information on the presentation of this information on this basis, refer to page 65. 2 Adjusted for non-core items that are not part of the normal ongoing operations of the Group including one-off gains and losses, gains and losses on the sale of businesses, non-continuing businesses, timing differences on economic hedges, and acquisition related costs. Refer to page 66. The pro forma loss of $36 million improved $128 million compared to a loss of $164 million for the September 2010 full year largely as a result of earnings on higher surplus capital. Signifi cant factors infl uencing the result were: Operating income improved $175 million largely due to higher earnings on central capital combined with a lower funding cost associated with lower debit tax balances, and profi t recognised on the sale of the Martin Place headquarters in Sydney of $19 million. There were off setting variances between net interest and other income as a result of elimination entries associated with the consolidation of OnePath Australia. Operating expenses increased $86 million largely as a result of increased project related technology expenditure and increased investment in our Chengdu and Manila hubs. Provision for credit impairment increased $30 million with $40 million of fl ood provisions transferred to the Group Centre to provide for emerging issues resulting from the global uncertainty. Review of Operations 75 Principal Risks and Uncertainties Associated with ANZ Should the diffi cult economic conditions of these countries persist or worsen, asset values in the housing, commercial or rural property markets could decline, unemployment could rise and corporate and personal incomes could suff er. Also, deterioration in global markets, including equity, property and other asset markets, could impact the Group’s customers and the security the Group holds against loans and other credit exposures, which may impact its ability to recover some loans and other credit exposures. All or any of these negative economic and business impacts could cause a reduction in demand for the Group’s products and services and/or an increase in loan and other credit defaults and bad debts, which could adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition. The Group’s fi nancial performance could also be adversely aff ected if it were unable to adapt cost structures, products, pricing or activities in response to a drop in demand or lower than expected revenues. Similarly, higher than expected costs (including credit costs) could be incurred because of adverse changes in the economy, general business conditions or the operating environment in the countries in which it operates. Other economic and fi nancial factors or events which may adversely aff ect the Group’s performance and results, include, but are not limited to, the level of and volatility in foreign exchange rates and interest rates, changes in infl ation and money supply, fl uctuations in both debt and equity capital markets, declining commodity prices due to, for example, reduced demand in Asia, and decreasing consumer and business confi dence. Geopolitical instability, such as threats of, potential for, or actual confl ict, occurring around the world, such as the ongoing confl icts in the Middle East, may also adversely aff ect global fi nancial markets, general economic and business conditions and the Group’s ability to continue operating or trading in a country, which in turn may adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition. Natural disasters such as (but not restricted to) cyclones, fl oods and earthquakes, and the economic and fi nancial market implications of such disasters on domestic and global conditions can adversely impact the Group’s ability to continue operating or trading in the country or countries directly or indirectly aff ected, which in turn may adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition. For more specifi c risks in relation to earthquakes and the recent Christchurch earthquake, see the risk factor entitled ‘The Group may be exposed to the impact of future climate change, geological events, plant and animal diseases, and other extrinsic events which may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition’. 1. Introduction The Group’s activities are subject to risks that can adversely impact its business, operations and fi nancial condition. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones that the Group may face. Additional risks and uncertainties that the Group is unaware of, or that the Group currently deems to be immaterial, may also become important factors that aff ect it. If any of the listed or unlisted risks actually occur, the Group’s business, operations, fi nancial condition, or reputation could be materially adversely aff ected, with the result that the trading price of the Group’s equity or debt securities could decline, and investors could lose all or part of their investment. 2. Changes in general business and economic conditions, including disruption in regional or global credit and capital markets, may adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition. The Group’s fi nancial performance is primarily infl uenced by the economic conditions and the level of business activity in the major countries and regions in which it operates or trades, i.e. Australia, New Zealand, the Asia Pacifi c region, Europe and the United States of America. The Group’s business, operations, and fi nancial condition can be negatively aff ected by changes to these economic and business conditions. The economic and business conditions that prevail in the Group’s major operating and trading markets are aff ected by domestic and international economic events, political events, natural disasters and by movements and events that occur in global fi nancial markets. The global fi nancial crisis (GFC) in 2008 and 2009 saw a sudden and prolonged dislocation in credit and equity capital markets, a contraction in global economic activity and the creation of many challenges for fi nancial services institutions worldwide that still persist in many regions. More recently, sovereign risk (particularly in Europe) and its potential impact on fi nancial institutions in Europe and globally has emerged as a signifi cant risk to the recovery prospects of the global economy. The impact of the GFC and its results (such as heightened sovereign risk) continues to aff ect global economic activity and capital markets. The economic eff ects of the GFC have been widespread and far- reaching with unfavourable impacts on retail sales, personal and business credit growth, housing credit, and business and consumer confi dence. While some of these economic factors have since improved, ongoing and lasting impacts from the GFC and subsequent volatility in fi nancial markets and the more recent sovereign debt crisis in Europe (and potential contagion from it) suggest ongoing vulnerability and adjustment in these and other areas of consumer and business behaviour. The New Zealand economy is also vulnerable to more volatile markets and deteriorating funding conditions. Economic conditions in Australia, New Zealand, and some Asia Pacifi c countries remain diffi cult, albeit less so than in many European countries and in the United States of America (US). 76 ANZ Annual Report 2011 3. Changes in exchange rates may adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition The recent appreciation in the Australian and New Zealand dollars relative to other currencies has adversely aff ected, and could continue to have an adverse eff ect on, certain portions of the Australian and New Zealand economies, including agricultural exports, international tourism, manufacturers, and import-competing producers. Similarly, a depreciation in the Australian or New Zealand dollars relative to other currencies would increase debt service obligations in Australia or New Zealand dollar terms of unhedged exposures. Appreciation of the Australian dollar against the New Zealand dollar, United States dollar and other currencies has had a negative translation eff ect, and future appreciation could have a greater negative impact, on the Group’s results from its other non-Australian businesses, particularly its New Zealand and Asian businesses which are largely based on non-Australian dollar currencies. The Group has put in place hedges to partially mitigate the impact of currency appreciation, but notwithstanding this, any appreciation could have an adverse impact upon the Group’s earnings. 4. Competition may adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition, especially in Australia, New Zealand and the Asian markets in which it operates The markets in which the Group operates are highly competitive and could become even more so, particularly in those segments that are considered to provide higher growth prospects or are in greatest demand, (for example, customer deposits). Factors that contribute to competition risk include industry regulation, mergers and acquisitions, changes in customers’ needs and preferences, entry of new participants, development of new distribution and service methods, increased diversifi cation of products by competitors, and regulatory changes in the rules governing the operations of banks and non-bank competitors. For example, changes in the fi nancial services sector in Australia and New Zealand have made it possible for non-banks to off er products and services traditionally provided by banks, such as automatic payment systems, mortgages, and credit cards. In addition, banks organised in jurisdictions outside Australia and New Zealand are subject to diff erent levels of regulation and consequently some may have lower cost structures. Increasing competition for customers could also potentially lead to a compression in the Group’s net interest margins, or increased advertising and related expenses to attract and retain customers. Additionally, the Australian Government announced in late 2010 a set of measures with the stated purpose of promoting a competitive and sustainable banking system in Australia. Any regulatory or behavioural change that occurs in response to this policy shift could have the eff ect of limiting or reducing the Group’s revenue earned from its banking products or operations. These regulatory changes could also result in higher operating costs. A reduction or limitation in revenue or an increase in operating costs could adversely aff ect the Group’s profi tability. The eff ect of competitive market conditions, especially in the Group’s main markets, may lead to erosion in the Group’s market share or margins, and adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations, and fi nancial condition. 5. Changes in monetary policies may adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition Central monetary authorities (including the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ), the US Federal Reserve and the monetary authorities in Asian jurisdictions in which we carry on business) set offi cial interest rates so as to aff ect the demand for money and credit in their relevant jurisdictions. Their policies can signifi cantly aff ect the Group’s cost of funds for lending and investing and the return that the Group will earn on those loans and investments. Both these factors impact the Group’s net interest margin and can aff ect the value of fi nancial instruments it holds, such as debt securities and hedging instruments. The policies of central monetary authorities can also aff ect the Group’s borrowers, potentially increasing the risk that they may fail to repay loans. Changes in such policies are diffi cult to predict accurately. 6. Sovereign risk may destabilise global fi nancial markets adversely aff ecting all participants, including the Group Sovereign risk or the risk that foreign governments will default on their debt obligations, increase borrowings as and when required or be unable to refi nance their debts as they fall due, has emerged as a risk to the recovery prospects of global economies. This risk is particularly relevant to a number of European countries though it is not limited to these places (and includes the United States). Should one sovereign default, there could be a cascading eff ect to other markets and countries, the consequences of which, while diffi cult to predict, may be similar to or worse than that currently being experienced or which was experienced during the GFC. Such an event could destabilise global fi nancial markets adversely aff ecting all participants, including the Group. 7. The withdrawal of the Australian Government Guarantee Scheme for large deposits and wholesale funding and the New Zealand Government Wholesale Funding Guarantee Scheme may adversely impact the Group’s access to funding and liquidity In response to the GFC, a number of government-sponsored fi nancial stabilisation packages (including guarantees of certain bank obligations) were introduced around the world, including in Australia and New Zealand. International capital markets and liquidity conditions improved following the GFC and banks were able to raise non-government guaranteed funds. Many such government-sponsored fi nancial stabilisation packages were withdrawn or phased out, including in Australia and New Zealand in relation to wholesale funding. More recently, heightened sovereign risk and subsequent volatility in fi nancial markets has re-emerged. There is no certainty that fi nancial conditions will improve or that government-sponsored fi nancial stabilisation packages would be re-introduced if conditions deteriorated. Principal Risks and Uncertainties 77 PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES (continued) The absence of government-sponsored fi nancial stabilisation schemes may result in stress on the global fi nancial system or regional fi nancial systems, which could adversely impact the Group and its customers and counterparties. Specifi cally, it could adversely aff ect the Group’s ability to access sources of funding and lead to a decrease in the Group’s liquidity position and increase in its funding costs, negatively aff ecting Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition. 8. The Group is exposed to liquidity and funding risk, which may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group is unable to meet its payment obligations as they fall due, including repaying depositors or maturing wholesale debt, or that the Group has insuffi cient capacity to fund increases in assets. Liquidity risk is inherent in all banking operations due to the timing mismatch between cash infl ows and cash outfl ows. Reduced liquidity could lead to an increase in the cost of the Group’s borrowings and possibly constrain the volume of new lending, which could adversely aff ect the Group’s profi tability. A signifi cant deterioration in investor confi dence in the Group could materially impact the Group’s cost of borrowing, and the Group’s ongoing operations and funding. The Group raises funding from a variety of sources including customer deposits and wholesale funding in Australia and off shore markets to ensure that it continues to meet its funding obligations and to maintain or grow its business generally. The composition of the Group’s funding is described in the section headed ‘Funding composition’ on page 163 of this report. In times of systemic liquidity stress, in the event of damage to market confi dence in the Group or in the event that funding inside or outside Australia is not available or constrained, the Group’s ability to access sources of funding and liquidity may be constrained and it will be exposed to liquidity risk. In any such cases, ANZ may be forced to seek alternative funding. The availability of such alternative funding, and the terms on which it may be available, will depend upon a variety of factors, including prevailing market conditions and ANZ’s credit ratings. Even if available, the cost of these alternatives may be more expensive or on unfavourable terms. Since the GFC, developments in the US mortgage industry and in the US and European markets more generally, including recent European sovereign debt concerns and the downgrade by Standard & Poor’s of the US government’s long-term debt rating on 5 August 2011 have adversely aff ected the liquidity in global capital markets including an increase in funding costs. Future deterioration in these market conditions may limit the Group’s ability to replace maturing liabilities and access funding in a timely and cost-eff ective manner necessary to fund and grow its business. 9. The Group is exposed to the risk that its credit ratings could change, which could adversely aff ect its ability to raise capital and wholesale funding ANZ’s credit ratings have a signifi cant impact on both its access to, and cost of, capital and wholesale funding. Credit ratings are not a recommendation by the relevant rating agency to invest in securities off ered by ANZ. Credit ratings may be withdrawn, subject to qualifi ers, revised, or suspended by the relevant credit rating agency at any time and the methodologies by which they are determined may be revised. A downgrade or potential downgrade of ANZ’s credit rating may reduce access to capital and wholesale debt markets, potentially leading to an increase in funding costs, as well as aff ecting the willingness of counterparties to transact with it. In addition, the ratings of individual securities (including, but not limited to, Tier 1 Capital and Tier 2 Capital securities) issued by ANZ (and banks globally) could be impacted from time to time by changes in the ratings methodologies used by rating agencies. Ratings agencies may revise their methodologies in response to legal or regulatory changes or other market developments. 10. The Group may experience challenges in managing its capital base, which could give rise to greater volatility in capital ratios The Group’s capital base is critical to the management of its businesses and access to funding. The Group is required by regulators including, but not limited to, APRA, RBNZ, the UK Financial Services Authority, US regulators and various Asia Pacifi c jurisdictions where the Group has operations, to maintain adequate regulatory capital. Under current regulatory requirements, risk-weighted assets and expected loan losses increase as a counterparty’s risk grade worsens. These additional regulatory capital requirements compound any reduction in capital resulting from increased provisions for loan losses and lower profi ts in times of stress. As a result, greater volatility in capital ratios may arise and may require the Group to raise additional capital. There can be no certainty that any additional capital required would be available or could be raised on reasonable terms. Global and domestic regulators have released proposals, including the Basel III proposals, to strengthen, among other things, the liquidity and capital requirements of banks, funds management entities, and insurance entities. These proposals, together with any risks arising from any regulatory changes, are described below in the risk factor entitled ‘Regulatory changes or a failure to comply with regulatory standards, law or policies may adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations or fi nancial condition’. Further details about the capital management regime aff ecting the Group are contained in note 31 to the 2011 fi nancial statements. 78 ANZ Annual Report 2011 11. The Group is exposed to credit risk, which may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition As a fi nancial institution, the Group is exposed to the risks associated with extending credit to other parties. Less favourable business or economic conditions, whether generally or in a specifi c industry sector or geographic region, or natural disasters, could cause customers or counterparties to fail to meet their obligations in accordance with agreed terms. For example, our customers and counterparties in the natural resources sector could be adversely impacted in the event of a prolonged slowdown in the Chinese economy. Also, our customers and counterparties in the tourism and manufacturing industries may have been adversely impacted by the recent appreciation of the Australian dollar relative to other currencies. The Group holds provisions for credit impairment. The amount of these provisions is determined by assessing the extent of impairment inherent within the current lending portfolio, based on current information. This process, which is critical to the Group’s fi nancial condition and results, requires diffi cult, subjective and complex judgments, including forecasts of how current and future economic conditions might impair the ability of borrowers to repay their loans. However, if the information upon which the assessment is made proves to be inaccurate or if the Group fails to analyse the information correctly, the provisions made for credit impairment may be insuffi cient, which could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition. In addition, in assessing whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions with customers, the Group relies on information provided by or on behalf of customers, including fi nancial statements and other fi nancial information. The Group may also rely on representations of customers as to the accuracy and completeness of that information and, with respect to fi nancial statements, on reports of independent auditors. The Group’s fi nancial performance could be negatively impacted to the extent that it relies on information that is inaccurate or materially misleading. 12. An increase in the failure of third parties to honour their commitments in connection with the Group’s trading, lending, derivatives and other activities may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition The Group is exposed to the potential risk of credit-related losses that can occur as a result of a counterparty being unable or unwilling to honour its contractual obligations. As with any fi nancial services organisation, the Group assumes counterparty risk in connection with its lending, trading, derivatives and other businesses where it relies on the ability of a third party to satisfy its fi nancial obligations to the Group on a timely basis. The Group is also subject to the risk that its rights against third parties may not be enforceable in certain circumstances. Credit exposure may also be increased by a number of factors including deterioration in the fi nancial condition of the counterparty, the value of assets the Group holds as collateral, and the market value of the counterparty instruments and obligations it holds. Credit losses can and have resulted in fi nancial services organisations realising signifi cant losses and in some cases failing, altogether. Should material unexpected credit losses occur to the Group’s credit exposures, it could have an adverse eff ect on the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition. 13. Weakening of the real estate markets in Australia, New Zealand or other markets where it does business may adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition Residential, commercial and rural property lending, together with property fi nance, including real estate development and investment property fi nance, constitute important businesses to the Group. Overall, the property market has been variable. Whilst there has been some moderation in Australian house prices, with the RP Data-Rismark house price index declining by 3.9% over the 12 month period ending August 2011, this has not had a material impact on the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition. A decrease in property valuations in Australia, New Zealand or other markets where it does business could decrease the amount of new lending the Group is able to write and/or increase the losses that the Group may experience from existing loans, which, in either case, could materially and adversely impact the Group’s fi nancial condition and results of operations. A signifi cant slowdown in the Australian and New Zealand housing markets or in other markets where the Group does business could adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial conditions. 14. The Group is exposed to market risk which may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition The Group is subject to market risk, which is the risk to the Group’s earnings arising from changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, credit spreads, equity prices and indices, prices of commodities, debt securities and other fi nancial contracts, including derivatives. Losses arising from these risks may have a material adverse eff ect on the Group. As the Group conducts business in several diff erent currencies, its businesses may be aff ected by a change in currency exchange rates. Additionally, as the Group’s annual and interim reports are prepared and stated in Australian dollars, any appreciation in the Australian dollar against other currencies in which the Group earns revenues (particularly to the New Zealand dollar and US dollar) may adversely aff ect the reported earnings. The profi tability of the Group’s funds management and insurance businesses is also aff ected by changes in investment markets and weaknesses in global securities markets due to credit, liquidity or other problems. Principal Risks and Uncertainties 79 PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES (continued) 15. The Group is exposed to the risks associated with credit intermediation and fi nancial guarantors which may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition The Group entered into a series of structured credit intermediation trades from 2004 to 2007. The Group sold protection using credit default swaps over these structures and then, to mitigate risk, purchased protection via credit default swaps over the same structures from eight US fi nancial guarantors. The underlying structures involve credit default swaps (CDSs) over synthetic collateralised debt obligations (CDOs), portfolios of external collateralised loan obligations (CLOs) or specifi c bonds/fl oating rate notes (FRNs). Being derivatives, both the sold protection and purchased protection are marked-to-market. Prior to the commencement of the GFC, movements in valuations of these positions were not signifi cant and the credit valuation adjustment (CVA) charge on the protection bought from the non-collateralised fi nancial guarantors was minimal. During and after the GFC, the market value of the structured credit transactions increased and the fi nancial guarantors were downgraded. The combined impact of this was to increase the CVA charge on the purchased protection from fi nancial guarantors. Volatility in the market value and hence CVA will continue to persist given the volatility in credit spreads and US dollar and Australian dollar rates. 16. The Group is exposed to operational risk, which may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events. Operational risk includes legal risk and the risk of reputational loss, environmental damage, and health and safety risks, but excludes strategic risk. Loss from operational risk can include fi nes, penalties, loss or theft of funds or assets, legal costs, customer compensation, loss of shareholder value, reputational loss, loss of life or injury to people, and loss of property and / or information. All operational risks carry at least a fi nancial consequence. Examples of operational risk that the Group is exposed to include the losses arising from internal fraud, external fraud, acts that are inconsistent with employment, health or safety laws or agreements, failure to meet professional customer and legal obligations, disruption of business or system failures, failure to execute a transaction correctly including but not limited to internal restructures, inadequate process management and from failure caused by third parties. Direct or indirect losses that occur as a result of operational failures, breakdowns, omissions or unplanned events could adversely aff ect the Group’s fi nancial results. 80 ANZ Annual Report 2011 17. Disruption of information technology systems or failure to successfully implement new technology systems could signifi cantly interrupt the Group’s business which may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition The Group is highly dependent on information systems and technology and there is a risk that these, or the services the Group uses or is dependent upon, might fail. Most of the Group’s daily operations are computer-based and information technology systems are essential to maintaining eff ective communications with customers. The exposure to systems risks includes the complete or partial failure of information technology systems or data centre infrastructure, the inadequacy of internal and third-party information technology systems due to, among other things, failure to keep pace with industry developments and the capacity of the existing systems to eff ectively accommodate growth and integrate existing and future acquisitions and alliances. To manage these risks, the Group has disaster recovery and information technology governance in place. However, any failure of these systems could result in business interruption, loss of customers, fi nancial compensation, damage to reputation and/or a weakening of the Group’s competitive position, which could adversely impact the Group’s business and have a material adverse eff ect on the Group’s fi nancial condition and operations. In addition, the Group must update and implement new information technology systems, in part to assist it to satisfy regulatory demands, ensure information security, enhance computer-based banking services for the Group’s customers and integrate the various segments of its business. The Group may not implement these projects eff ectively or execute them effi ciently, which could lead to increased project costs, delays in the ability to comply with regulatory requirements, failure of the Group’s information security controls or a decrease in the Group’s ability to service its customers. 18. The Group is exposed to risks associated with information security, which may adversely aff ect its fi nancial results and reputation Information security means protecting information and information systems from unauthorised access, use, disclosure, disruption, modifi cation, perusal, inspection, recording or destruction. As a bank, the Group handles a considerable amount of personal and confi dential information about its customers and its own internal operations. The Group employs a team of information security subject matter experts who are responsible for the development and implementation of the Group’s Information Security Policy. The Group is conscious that threats to information security are continuously evolving and as such the Group conducts regular internal and external reviews to ensure new threats are identifi ed, evolving risks are mitigated, policies and procedures are updated, and good practice is maintained. However, there is a risk that information may be inadvertently or inappropriately accessed or distributed or illegally accessed or stolen. Any unauthorised use of confi dential information could potentially result in breaches of privacy laws, regulatory sanctions, legal action, and claims for compensation or erosion to the Group’s competitive market position, which could adversely aff ect the Group’s fi nancial position and reputation. 19. The Group is exposed to reputation risk, which may adversely impact its business, operations and fi nancial condition Reputation risk may arise as a result of an external event or the Group’s own actions, and adversely aff ect perceptions about the Group held by the public (including the Group’s customers), shareholders, investors, regulators or rating agencies. The impact of a risk event on the Group’s reputation may exceed any direct cost of the risk event itself and may adversely impact the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition. Accordingly, damage to the Group’s reputation may have wide-ranging impacts, including adverse eff ects on the Group’s profi tability, capacity and cost of sourcing funding, and availability of new business opportunities. 20. The unexpected loss of key staff or inadequate management of human resources may adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition The Group’s ability to attract and retain suitably qualifi ed and skilled employees is an important factor in achieving its strategic objectives. The Chief Executive Offi cer and the management team of the Chief Executive Offi cer have skills and reputations that are critical to setting the strategic direction, successful management and growth of the Group, and whose unexpected loss due to resignation, retirement, death or illness may adversely aff ect its operations and fi nancial condition. In addition, the Group may in the future have diffi culty attracting highly qualifi ed people to fi ll important roles, which could adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition. 21. The Group may be exposed to the impact of future climate change, geological events, plant and animal diseases, and other extrinsic events which may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition Scientifi c observations and climate modelling point to changes in the global climate system that may see extreme weather events increase in both frequency and severity. Among the possible eff ects of climate change are the risks of severe storms, drought, fi res, cyclones, hurricanes, fl oods and rising sea levels. Such events, and others like them, pose the risk of inundation and damage to Group property, and the houses and commercial assets of the Group’s customers. In some cases, this impact may temporarily interrupt or restrict the provision of some Group services, and also adversely aff ect the Group’s collateral position in relation to credit facilities extended to those customers. While the future impact of climate change is diffi cult to predict accurately, it should nevertheless be considered among the risks that may adversely impact the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition in the future. In addition to climatic events, geological events and events related to them, such as volcanic or seismic activity, tsunamis, or other extrinsic events, such as plant and animal diseases or a fl u pandemic, can also severely disrupt normal business activity and have a negative eff ect on the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition. In New Zealand, a number of major earthquakes have impacted the Christchurch area since September 2010, causing widespread property and infrastructure damage, and deaths. Whilst much of the damage was covered by public (Earthquake Commission) and private insurance, there will potentially be negative impacts on property values and on future levels of insurance and reinsurance coverage across New Zealand. Subsequent earthquakes in Christchurch or in other populated areas may further adversely impact property values and the ability to obtain insurance on properties used by ANZ to secure loans. A reduction in value of New Zealand property as a result of geological events such as earthquakes could increase lending losses which may adversely aff ect ANZ’s business, operations and fi nancial condition. 22. Regulatory changes or a failure to comply with regulatory standards, law or policies may adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations or fi nancial condition The Group is subject to laws, regulations, policies and codes of practice in Australia, New Zealand and in the other countries (including but not limited to the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, China and other countries within the Asia Pacifi c region) in which it has operations, trades or raises funds or in respect of which it has some other connection. In particular, the Group’s banking, funds management and insurance activities are subject to extensive regulation, mainly relating to its liquidity levels, capital, solvency, provisioning, and insurance policy terms and conditions. Regulations vary from country to country but generally are designed to protect depositors, insured parties, customers with other banking products, and the banking and insurance system as a whole. The Australian Government and its agencies, including APRA, the RBA and other fi nancial industry regulatory bodies including the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), have supervisory oversight of the Group. The New Zealand Government and its agencies, including the RBNZ, the Financial Markets Authority and the Commerce Commission, have supervisory oversight of the Group’s operations in New Zealand. To the extent that the Group has operations, trades or raises funds in, or has some other connection with, countries other than Australia or New Zealand, then such activities may be subject to the laws of, and regulation by agencies in, those countries. Such regulatory agencies include, by way of example, the US Federal Reserve Board, the US Department of Treasury, the US Offi ce of the Comptroller of the Currency, the US Offi ce of Foreign Assets Control, the UK’s Financial Services Authority, the Monetary Authority of Singapore, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the Kanto Local Finance Bureau of Japan, and other fi nancial regulatory bodies in those countries and in other relevant countries. In addition, the Group’s expansion and growth in the Asia Pacifi c region gives rise to a requirement to comply with a number of diff erent legal and regulatory regimes across that region. Principal Risks and Uncertainties 81 PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES (continued) A failure to comply with any standards, laws, regulations or policies in any of those jurisdictions could result in sanctions by these or other regulatory agencies, the exercise of any discretionary powers that the regulators hold or compensatory action by aff ected persons, which may in turn cause substantial damage to the Group’s reputation. To the extent that these regulatory requirements limit the Group’s operations or fl exibility, they could adversely impact the Group’s profi tability and prospects. These regulatory and other governmental agencies (including revenue and tax authorities) frequently review banking and tax laws, regulations, codes of practice and policies. Changes to laws, regulations, codes of practice or policies, including changes in interpretation or implementation of laws, regulations, codes of practice or policies, could aff ect the Group in substantial and unpredictable ways. These may include increasing required levels of bank liquidity and capital adequacy, limiting the types of fi nancial services and products the Group can off er, and/or increasing the ability of non-banks to off er competing fi nancial services or products, as well as changes to accounting standards, taxation laws and prudential regulatory requirements. As a result of the GFC, regulators have proposed various amendments to fi nancial regulation that will aff ect the Group. APRA, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (the ‘Basel Committee’) and regulators in other jurisdictions where the Group has a presence have released discussion papers and proposals in regard to strengthening the resilience of the banking and insurance sectors, including proposals to strengthen capital and liquidity requirements for the banking sector. In addition, the US passed into law the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act which signifi cantly aff ects fi nancial institutions and fi nancial activities in the US. Uncertainty remains as to the fi nal form that the proposed regulatory changes will take in Australia, the US and other countries in which the Group operate and any such changes could adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition. The changes may lead the Group to, among other things, change its business mix, incur additional costs as a result of increased management attention, raise additional amounts of higher-quality capital (such as ordinary shares) and hold signifi cant levels of additional liquid assets and undertake additional long-term wholesale funding to replace short-term wholesale funding to more closely match the Group’s asset maturity profi le. 23. Unexpected changes to the Group’s license to operate in any jurisdiction may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition The Group is licensed to operate in the various countries, states and territories in which it operates. Unexpected changes in the conditions of the licenses to operate by governments, administrations or regulatory agencies which prohibit or restrict the Group from trading in a manner that was previously permitted may adversely impact the Group’s fi nancial results. 24. The Group is exposed to insurance risk, which may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition Insurance risk is the risk of loss due to unexpected changes in current and future insurance claim rates. In life insurance business, insurance risk arises primarily through mortality (death) and morbidity (illness and injury) risks being greater than expected and, in the case of annuity business, should annuitants live longer than expected. For general insurance business, insurance risk arises mainly through weather-related incidents (including fl oods and bushfi res) and other calamities, such as earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic activities, as well as adverse variability in home, contents, motor, travel and other insurance claim amounts. For further details on climate and geological events see also the risk factor entitled ‘The Group may be exposed to the impact of future climate change, geological and other extrinsic events which may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition’. The Group has exposure to insurance risk in both life insurance and general insurance business, which may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition. 25. The Group may experience reductions in the valuation of some of its assets, resulting in fair value adjustments that may have a material adverse eff ect on its earnings Under Australian Accounting Standards, the Group recognises at fair value: fi nancial instruments classifi ed as ‘held-for-trading’ or ‘designated as at fair value through profi t or loss’; fi nancial assets classifi ed as ‘available-for-sale’; derivatives; and fi nancial assets backing insurance and investment liabilities. Generally, in order to establish the fair value of these instruments, the Group relies on quoted market prices or, where the market for a fi nancial instrument is not suffi ciently active, fair values are based on present value estimates or other accepted valuation techniques. In certain circumstances, the data for individual fi nancial instruments or classes of fi nancial instruments used by such estimates or techniques may not be available or may become unavailable due to changes in market conditions. In these circumstances, the fair value is determined using data derived and extrapolated from market data, and tested against historic transactions and observed market trends. The valuation models incorporate the impact of factors that would infl uence the fair value determined by a market participant. Principal inputs used in the determination of the fair value of fi nancial instruments based on valuation techniques include data inputs such as statistical data on delinquency rates, foreclosure rates, actual losses, counterparty credit spreads, recovery rates, implied default probabilities, credit index tranche prices and correlation curves. These assumptions, judgments and estimates need to be updated to refl ect changing trends and market conditions. The resulting change in the fair values of the fi nancial instruments could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group’s earnings. 82 ANZ Annual Report 2011 26. Changes to accounting policies may adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition The accounting policies and methods that the Group applies are fundamental to how it records and reports its fi nancial position and results of operations. Management must exercise judgment in selecting and applying many of these accounting policies and methods so that they not only comply with generally accepted accounting principles but they also refl ect the most appropriate manner in which to record and report on the fi nancial position and results of operations. However, these accounting policies may be applied inaccurately, resulting in a misstatement of fi nancial position and results of operations. In some cases, management must select an accounting policy or method from two or more alternatives, any of which might comply with generally accepted accounting principles and be reasonable under the circumstances, yet might result in reporting materially diff erent outcomes than would have been reported under another alternative. 27. The Group may be exposed to the risk of impairment to capitalised software, goodwill and other intangible assets that may adversely aff ect its business, operations and fi nancial condition In certain circumstances the Group may be exposed to a reduction in the value of intangible assets. At reporting date, the Group carried goodwill principally related to its investments in New Zealand and Australia, intangible assets principally relating to assets recognised on acquisition of subsidiaries, and capitalised software balances. The Group is required to assess the recoverability of the goodwill balances on at least an annual basis. For this purpose the Group uses either a discounted cash fl ow or a multiple of earnings calculation. Changes in the assumptions upon which the calculation is based, together with expected changes in future cash fl ows, could materially impact this assessment, resulting in the potential write-off of a part or all of the goodwill balances. Capitalised software and other intangible assets are assessed for indicators of impairment at least annually. In the event that an asset is no longer in use, or that the cash fl ows generated by the asset do not support the carrying value, an impairment may be recorded, adversely impacting the Group’s fi nancial condition. 28. Litigation and contingent liabilities may adversely aff ect the Group’s business, operations and fi nancial condition From time to time, the Group may be subject to material litigation, regulatory actions, legal or arbitration proceedings and other contingent liabilities which, if they crystallise, may adversely aff ect the Group’s results. Details regarding the Group’s material contingent liabilities as at 30 September 2011 are contained in note 44 to the 2011 fi nancial statements. There is a risk that these contingent liabilities may be larger than anticipated or that additional litigation or other contingent liabilities may arise. 29. The Group regularly considers acquisition and divestment opportunities, and there is a risk that the Group may undertake an acquisition or divestment that could result in a material adverse eff ect on its business, operations and fi nancial condition The Group regularly examines a range of corporate opportunities, including material acquisitions and disposals, with a view to determining whether those opportunities will enhance the Group’s fi nancial performance and position. Any corporate opportunity that is pursued could, for a variety of reasons, turn out to have a material adverse eff ect on the Group. The successful implementation of the Group’s corporate strategy, including its strategy to expand in the Asia Pacifi c region, will depend on a range of factors including potential funding strategies, and challenges associated with integrating and adding value to acquired businesses, as well as new regulatory, market and other risks associated with increasing operations outside Australia and New Zealand. There can be no assurance that any acquisition would have the anticipated positive results, including results relating to the total cost of integration, the time required to complete the integration, the amount of longer-term cost savings, the overall performance of the combined entity, or an improved price for the Group’s securities. Integration of an acquired business can be complex and costly, sometimes including combining relevant accounting and data processing systems, and management controls, as well as managing relevant relationships with employees, clients, suppliers and other business partners. Integration eff orts could divert management attention and resources, which could adversely aff ect the Group’s operations or results. Additionally, there can be no assurance that customers, counterparties and vendors of newly acquired businesses will remain as such post-acquisition, and the loss of customers, counterparties and vendors could adversely aff ect the Group’s operations or results. Acquisitions and disposals may also result in business disruptions that cause the Group to lose customers or cause customers to remove their business from the Group to competing fi nancial institutions. It is possible that the integration process related to acquisitions could result in the disruption of the Group’s ongoing businesses or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies that could adversely aff ect the Group’s ability to maintain relationships with clients, customers, depositors and employees. The loss of key employees in connection with an acquisition or disposal could adversely aff ect the Group’s ability to conduct its business successfully. The Group’s operating performance, risk profi le or capital structure may also be aff ected by these corporate opportunities and there is a risk that any of the Group’s credit ratings may be placed on credit watch or downgraded if these opportunities are pursued. Principal Risks and Uncertainties 83 Five Year Summary Financial performance1 Net interest income Other operating income Operating expenses Profi t before income tax, credit impairment and non-core items1 Provision for credit impairment Income tax expense Non-controlling interest Underlying profi t1 Adjustments between statutory profi t and underlying profi t1 Profi t attributable to shareholders of the Company Financial position Assets2 Net assets Tier 1 capital ratio3 Return on average ordinary equity4 Return on average assets4 Cost to income ratio1 Shareholder value – ordinary shares Total return to shareholders (share price movement plus dividends) Market capitalisation Dividend Franked portion – interim – fi nal Share price – high – low – 30 September Share information (per fully paid ordinary share) Earnings per share Dividend payout ratio Net tangible assets per ordinary share5 No. of fully paid ordinary shares issued (millions) Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRP) issue price – interim – fi nal Other information Points of representation6 No. of employees (full time equivalents) No. of shareholders7 2011 $m 2010 $m 2009 $m 2008 $m 2007 $m 11,481 5,331 (7,718) 9,094 (1,211) (2,222) (9) 5,652 (297) 5,355 594,488 37,954 10.9% 15.3% 1.0% 45.9% -12.6% 51,319 140 cents 100% 100% $25.96 $17.63 $19.52 208.2c 68.5% $11.44 2,629.0 $21.69 – 1,381 48,938 442,943 10,862 4,920 (6,971) 8,811 (1,820) (1,960) (6) 5,025 (524) 4,501 531,703 34,155 10.1% 13.9% 0.9% 44.2% 9,890 4,477 (6,068) 8,299 (3,056) (1,469) (2) 3,772 (829) 2,943 476,987 32,429 10.6% 10.3% 0.6% 42.2% 7,855 4,440 (5,406) 6,889 (2,090) (1,365) (8) 3,426 (107) 3,319 470,293 26,552 7.7% 14.5% 0.8% 44.0% 7,302 3,720 (4,953) 6,069 (522) (1,616) (7) 3,924 256 4,180 392,773 22,048 6.7% 20.9% 1.2% 44.9% 1.9% 60,614 126 cents 100% 100% 40.3% 61,085 102 cents 100% 100% -33.5% 38,263 136 cents 100% 100% 15.6% 55,382 136 cents 100% 100% $26.23 $19.95 $23.68 178.9c 71.6% $10.38 2,559.7 $21.32 $22.60 $24.99 $11.83 $24.39 131.0c 82.3% $11.02 2,504.5 $15.16 $21.75 $31.74 $15.07 $18.75 $31.50 $25.75 $29.70 170.4c 82.6% $10.72 2,040.7 $20.82 $13.58 224.1c 60.9% $9.36 1,864.7 $29.29 $27.33 1,394 47,099 411,692 1,352 37,687 396,181 1,346 36,925 376,813 1,327 34,353 327,703 1 Adjusted for material items that are not part of the normal ongoing operations of the Group including one-off gains and losses, gains and losses on the sale of businesses, non-continuing business, timing differences on economic hedges, and acquisition related costs. Prior to 2010 these were adjustments to arrive at cash profit in accordance with market convention. 2 In 2010, consolidated assets included assets from OnePath (formerly INGA), OnePath NZ (formerly ING NZ), Landmark and RBS acquired during the financial year. 3 Calculated in accordance with Australian Prudential Regulation Authority requirements effective at the relevant date. Basel II has been applied from 1 January 2008. 4 Excludes minority interest. 5 Equals shareholders’ equity less preference share capital, goodwill, software and other intangible assets divided by the number of ordinary shares. 6 7 Excludes employees whose only ANZ shares are held in trust under ANZ employee share schemes. Includes branches, offices, representative offices and agencies. 84 ANZ Annual Report 2011 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Financial Statements Income Statements Statement of Comprehensive Income Balance Sheet Cash Flow Statement Statement of changes in equity Notes to the Financial Statements 1 Signifi cant Accounting Policies 2 Critical Estimates and Judgements Used in Applying Accounting Policies Income 3 4 Expenses 5 Compensation of Auditors 6 Current Income Tax Expense 7 Dividends 8 Earnings per Ordinary Share 9 Liquid Assets 10 Due from Other Financial Institutions 11 Trading Securities 12 Derivative Financial Instruments 13 Available-for-sale Assets 14 Net Loans and Advances 15 Impaired Financial Assets 16 Provision for Credit Impairment 17 Shares in Controlled Entities, Associates and Joint Venture Entities 18 Tax Assets 19 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets 20 Other Assets 21 Premises and Equipment 22 Deposits and Other Borrowings 23 Income Tax Liabilities 24 Payables and Other Liabilities 25 Provisions Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 26 Bonds and Notes 27 Loan Capital 28 Share Capital 29 Reserves and Retained Earnings 30 Non-Controlling Interests 31 Capital Management 32 Assets Charged as Security for Liabilities and Collateral Accepted as Security for Assets 33 Financial Risk Management 34 Fair Value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities 35 Maturity Analysis of Assets and Liabilities 36 Segment Analysis 37 Notes to the Cash Flow Statements 38 Controlled Entities 39 Associates 40 41 Securitisations 42 Fiduciary Activities 43 Commitments 44 Credit Related Commitments, Guarantees, Interests in Joint Venture Entities Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets 45 Superannuation and Other Post Employment Benefi t Schemes 46 Employee Share and Option Plans 47 Key Management Personnel Disclosures 48 Transactions with Other Related Parties 49 Life Insurance Business 50 Exchange Rates 51 Events since the End of the Financial Year Directors’ Declaration Independent Auditor’s Report 130 131 134 136 137 138 141 142 167 177 178 181 183 184 184 185 185 186 187 191 196 200 203 203 208 208 209 210 86 86 87 88 89 90 92 92 103 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 112 112 113 119 120 121 121 124 125 126 127 127 128 129 129 130 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Financial Highlights 85 85 Financial Statements INCOME STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER Interest income Interest expense Net interest income Net funds management and insurance income Other operating income Share of joint venture profi t from OnePath Share of associates’ profi t Operating income Operating expense Profi t before credit impairment and income tax Provision for credit impairment Profi t before income tax Income tax expense Profi t for the period Profi t attributable to non-controlling interests Profi t attributable to shareholders of the Company Earnings per ordinary share (cents) Basic Diluted Dividend per ordinary share (cents) The notes appearing on pages 92 to 208 form an integral part of these financial statements. Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 30,368 (18,885) 11,483 1,405 3,608 – 436 16,932 (8,023) 8,909 (1,237) 7,672 (2,309) 5,363 (8) 5,355 208.2 198.8 140 2010 $m 26,608 (15,739) 10,869 1,099 3,291 33 400 15,692 (7,304) 8,388 (1,787) 6,601 (2,096) 4,505 (4) 4,501 178.9 174.6 126 2011 $m 26,997 (18,486) 8,511 183 4,128 – – 12,822 (6,256) 6,566 (994) 5,572 (1,421) 4,151 – 4,151 n/a n/a 140 2010 $m 22,922 (14,677) 8,245 164 4,436 – – 12,845 (5,636) 7,209 (1,369) 5,840 (1,412) 4,428 – 4,428 n/a n/a 126 Note 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 16 6 8 8 7 86 ANZ Annual Report 2011 STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER Profi t for the period Other comprehensive income Foreign currency translation reserve Exchange diff erences taken to equity Available-for-sale assets Valuation gain/(loss) taken to equity (Gain)/loss transferred to the income statement Cash fl ow hedges reserve Valuation gain/(loss) taken to equity Transferred to income statement for the period Share of associates’ other comprehensive income1 Actuarial gain/(loss) on defi ned benefi t plans Income tax on items transferred directly to/from equity Foreign currency translation reserve Available-for-sale reserve Cash fl ow hedge reserve Actuarial gain/(loss) on defi ned benefi ts plan Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the period Comprising: Total comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests Total comprehensive income attributable to shareholders of the company Note 29 29 29 45 Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m 5,363 4,505 The Company 2011 $m 4,151 2010 $m 4,428 330 (1,006) 97 (337) 77 19 229 (9) (15) (15) (5) (35) (63) 5 136 8 187 (54) 18 (6) (10) (38) (36) 2 (10) 57 183 (12) – 34 – (17) (51) (10) 69 (23) 121 (69) – (26) – (23) (16) 8 518 5,881 (799) 3,706 271 4,422 (296) 4,132 8 4 – – 5,873 3,702 4,422 4,132 1 Share of associates other comprehensive income for 2011 comprises available-for-sale assets -$15 million (2010: $15 million), foreign currency translation reserve -$1 million (2010: -$1 million) and cash flow hedge reserve $1 million (2010: $4 million). The notes appearing on pages 92 to 208 form an integral part of these financial statements. Financial Statements 87 BALANCE SHEET AS AT 30 SEPTEMBER NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Assets Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities1 Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances1 Customer's liability for acceptances1 Due from controlled entities Shares in controlled entities Shares in associates Current tax assets Deferred tax assets Goodwill and other intangible assets2 Investments backing policyholder liabilities Other assets Premises and equipment Total assets Liabilities Due to other fi nancial institutions Deposits and other borrowings Derivative fi nancial instruments Liability for acceptances1 Due to controlled entities Current tax liabilities Deferred tax liabilities Policyholder liabilities External unit holder liabilities (life insurance funds) Payables and other liabilities Provisions Bonds and notes Loan capital Total liabilities Net Assets Shareholders’ equity Ordinary share capital Preference share capital Reserves Retained earnings Share capital and reserves attributable to shareholders of the Company Non-controlling interests Total equity Commitments Contingent liabilities Note Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 24,899 8,824 36,074 54,118 22,264 396,337 970 – – 3,513 41 599 6,964 29,859 7,901 2,125 594,488 23,012 368,729 50,088 970 – 1,128 28 27,503 5,033 10,251 1,248 56,551 11,993 556,534 37,954 21,343 871 (2,095) 17,787 37,906 48 37,954 18,945 5,481 33,515 37,821 20,742 351,897 11,495 – – 2,965 76 792 6,630 32,171 7,015 2,158 531,703 21,610 310,383 37,217 11,495 – 973 35 28,981 5,448 8,115 1,297 59,714 12,280 497,548 34,155 19,886 871 (2,587) 15,921 34,091 64 34,155 20,555 6,338 28,367 48,356 19,017 323,286 688 46,446 9,098 971 40 552 1,544 – 4,353 1,502 511,113 21,345 307,254 44,287 688 38,561 1,079 27 – – 7,008 798 44,870 10,817 476,734 34,379 21,701 871 (544) 12,351 34,379 – 34,379 16,047 4,136 28,305 34,191 16,973 280,439 11,517 46,216 9,189 1,035 61 575 1,198 – 4,302 1,508 455,692 19,939 252,518 34,647 11,517 38,261 987 39 – – 5,842 831 48,178 10,927 423,686 32,006 20,246 871 (777) 11,666 32,006 – 32,006 9 10 11 12 13 14 17 17 18 18 19 49 20 21 22 12 23 23 49 24 25 26 27 28 28 29 29 30 43 44 1 In 2011 the Group ceased re-discounting Commercial bill acceptances in its Australian operations. This has impacted balance sheet classifications as there is no intention to trade the commercial bills as negotiable instruments, therefore they are classified as commercial bill loans initially recognised at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost: September 2011 – Trading securities: $nil; Net loans and advances: $17,326 million; Customer’s liability for acceptances: $nil; Liability for acceptances $nil. September 2010 – Trading securities: $6,035 million; Net loans and advances: $nil; Customer’s liability for acceptances: $11,150 million; Liability for acceptances: $11,150 million. 2 Excludes notional goodwill in equity accounted entities. The notes appearing on pages 92 to 208 form an integral part of these financial statements. 88 ANZ Annual Report 2011 CASH FLOW STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER Cash fl ows from operating activities Interest received Dividends received Fee income received Other income received Interest paid Personnel expenses paid Premises expenses paid Other operating expenses paid Cash settled on derivatives Income taxes paid Australia Overseas Net cash fl ows from funds management and insurance business Funds management income received Insurance premium income received Claims and policyholder liability payments Investment income (paid)/received Commission expense (paid)/received Net cash fl ows from investments backing policy liabilities Purchase of insurance assets Proceeds from sale/maturity of insurance assets Goods and services tax (paid)/received (Increase)/decrease in operating assets: Liquid assets – greater than three months Due from other fi nancial institutions – greater than three months Trading securities Loans and advances Net intra-group loans and advances Increase/(decrease) in operating liabilities Deposits and other borrowings Due to other fi nancial institutions Payables and other liabilities Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities Cash fl ows from investing activities Available-for-sale assets Purchases Proceeds from sale or maturity Controlled entities and associates Purchased (net of cash acquired) Proceeds from sale (net of cash disposed) Premises and equipment Purchases Proceeds from sale Other assets Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities Cash fl ows from fi nancing activities Bonds and notes Issue proceeds Redemptions Loan capital Issue proceeds Redemptions Dividends paid Share capital issues On market share purchases Net cash provided by/(used in) by fi nancing activities Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities Net cash provided by/(used in) fi nancing activities Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period Eff ects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at end of period The notes appearing on pages 92 to 208 form an integral part of these financial statements. Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m Note 30,260 84 2,471 1,408 (18,797) (4,547) (596) (2,034) (2,038) (1,727) (306) 870 4,988 (4,531) (21) (491) (9,127) 10,182 50 1,593 (1,476) (7,614) (25,568) – 43,834 1,350 584 18,801 26,362 54 2,177 1,230 (15,726) (4,102) (557) (1,625) (1,823) (353) (629) 665 6,144 (5,587) 536 (353) (9,982) 10,021 33 2,184 (65) (2,004) (17,044) – 14,726 55 (1,288) 3,049 26,934 974 2,850 897 (17,874) (3,560) (405) (2,130) (3,751) (1,727) (65) 101 33 – – 49 – – 14 1,106 (1,586) (5,558) (25,753) 336 42,542 1,415 835 15,677 22,708 1,184 2,117 996 (14,651) (3,044) (389) (1,292) (1,110) (353) (123) 85 28 – – 51 – – 9 815 (145) (1,835) (20,345) (5,110) 20,862 1,329 (709) 1,078 (40,657) 39,518 (29,312) 25,244 (37,402) 35,409 (24,236) 20,955 (304) 74 (319) 6 (849) (2,531) 50 15 (317) 24 (1,428) (5,724) (260) 36 (194) – (127) (2,538) 2,310 113 (240) – (687) (1,785) 12,213 (17,193) 21,756 (17,105) 10,600 (15,415) 17,401 (14,070) 1,341 (1,579) (2,113) 43 (137) (7,425) 18,801 (2,531) (7,425) 8,845 20,610 566 30,021 1,976 (2,565) (1,671) 37 (78) 2,350 3,049 (5,724) 2,350 (325) 21,511 (576) 20,610 1,341 (1,322) (2,124) 43 (137) (7,014) 15,677 (2,538) (7,014) 6,125 16,934 592 23,651 1,976 (2,451) (1,660) 37 (78) 1,155 1,078 (1,785) 1,155 448 16,850 (364) 16,934 Financial Statements 89 37(a) 37(c) 37(c) 37(b) STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Consolidated As at 1 October 2009 Profi t for the period Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the period Transactions with equity holders in their capacity as equity holders: Dividends paid Dividend reinvestment plan Other equity movements: Group employee share acquisition scheme Share based payments Group share option scheme Treasury shares OnePath Australia adjustment Adjustments to opening retained earnings on adoption of revised accounting standard AASB 3R Other changes As at 30 September 2010 Profi t for the period Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the period Transactions with equity holders in their capacity as equity holders: Dividends paid Dividend income on Treasury shares held within the Group’s life insurance statutory funds Dividend reinvestment plan Transactions with non-controlling interest Other equity movements: Group employee share acquisition scheme Share based payments Treasury shares OnePath Australia adjustment Group share option scheme Other changes Ordinary share capital $m Preference shares $m 19,151 871 – – – – 1,007 51 – 37 (360) – – – – – – – – – – – – – Shareholders’ equity attributable to equity holders of the Bank $m 32,364 4,501 (799) 3,702 Retained earnings $m 14,129 4,501 (4) 4,497 (2,678) – (2,678) 1,007 – – – – (39) 12 51 7 37 (360) (39) – Reserves1 $m (1,787) – (795) (795) – – – 7 – – – (12) 19,886 871 (2,587) 15,921 34,091 – 528 528 5,355 (10) 5,345 5,355 518 5,873 – (3,503) (3,503) – – (22) – (14) – – – 23 – – – – – – 1 23 1,367 (22) 45 (14) 2 43 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,367 – 45 – 2 43 – As at 30 September 2011 21,343 871 (2,095) 17,787 37,906 The notes appearing on pages 92 to 208 form an integral part of these financial statements. 1 Further information on other comprehensive income is disclosed in note 29 to the financial statements. Non-controlling interests $m Total shareholders’ equity $m 65 32,429 4 – 4 – – – – – – – (5) 64 8 – 8 – – – (22) – – – – (2) 48 4,505 (799) 3,706 (2,678) 1,007 51 7 37 (360) (39) (5) 34,155 5,363 518 5,881 (3,503) 23 1,367 (44) 45 (14) 2 43 (1) 37,954 90 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The Company As at 1 October 2009 Profi t for the period Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the period Transactions with equity holders in their capacity as equity holders: Dividends paid Dividend reinvestment plan Other equity movements: Share based payments Group share option scheme Group employee share acquisition scheme Adjustments to opening retained earnings on adoption of revised accounting standard AASB 3R Other changes As at 30 September 2010 Profi t for the period Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the period Transactions with equity holders in their capacity as equity holders: Dividends paid Dividend reinvestment plan Other equity movements: Share based payments Group share option scheme Group employee share acquisition scheme Other changes Ordinary share capital $m Preference shares $m 19,151 871 – – – – 1,007 – 37 51 – – – – – – – – – – – – 20,246 871 – – 1,367 – 43 45 – – – – – – – – Reserves1 $m (494) – (278) (278) – – 7 – – – (12) (777) 247 247 – – (14) – – – Shareholders’ equity attributable to equity holders of the Bank $m 29,478 4,428 (296) 4,132 Retained earnings $m 9,950 4,428 (18) 4,410 (2,667) – (2,667) 1,007 – – – (39) 12 7 37 51 (39) – 11,666 32,006 4,151 24 4,175 4,151 271 4,422 (3,491) – (3,491) 1,367 – – – 1 (14) 43 45 1 As at 30 September 2011 21,701 871 (544) 12,351 34,379 The notes appearing on pages 92 to 208 form an integral part of these financial statements. 1 Further information on other comprehensive income is disclosed in note 29 to the financial statements. Non-controlling interests $m Total shareholders’ equity $m – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 29,478 4,428 (296) 4,132 (2,667) 1,007 7 37 51 (39) – 32,006 4,151 271 4,422 (3,491) 1,367 (14) 43 45 1 34,379 Financial Statements 91 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1: Signifi cant Accounting Policies The fi nancial report of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (the Company) and its controlled entities (the Group) for the year ended 30 September 2011 was authorised for issue in accordance with the resolution of the Directors on 2 November, 2011. The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the fi nancial report are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied by all consolidated entities and to all periods presented in the consolidated fi nancial report. The Company is incorporated and domiciled in Australia. The address of the Company’s registered offi ce is ANZ Centre, Level 9, 833 Collins Street, Docklands, Victoria, Australia 3008. A) BASIS OF PREPARATION i) Statement of compliance The fi nancial report of the Company and Group is a general purpose fi nancial report which has been prepared in accordance with the accounts provisions of the Banking Act 1959 (as amended), Australian Accounting Standards (AASs), Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) Interpretations, other authoritative pronouncements of the AASB and the Corporations Act 2001. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are Standards and Interpretations adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). IFRS forms the basis of AASs and Interpretations issued by the AASB. The Group’s application of AASs and Interpretations ensures that the consolidated fi nancial report of the Group and the fi nancial report of the Company comply with IFRS. ii) Use of estimates and assumptions The preparation of the fi nancial report requires the use of management judgement, estimates and assumptions that aff ect reported amounts and the application of policies. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable. Actual results may diff er from these estimates. Discussion of the critical accounting treatments, which include complex or subjective decisions or assessments, are covered in note 2. Such estimates may require review in future periods. iii) Basis of measurement The fi nancial information has been prepared in accordance with the historical cost basis except that the following assets and liabilities are stated at their fair value: derivative fi nancial instruments, including in the case of fair value hedging (refer note 1 (E)(ii)) the fair value of any applicable underlying exposure; fi nancial assets treated as available-for-sale; fi nancial instruments held for trading; and assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profi t and loss. In accordance with AASB 1038 Life Insurance Contracts, life insurance liabilities are measured using the Margin on Services model. In accordance with AASB 119 Employee Benefi ts, defi ned benefi t obligations are measured using the Projected Unit Credit Method. 92 ANZ Annual Report 2011 iv) Changes in Accounting Policy and early adoptions All new Accounting Standards and Interpretations applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 October 2010 have been applied to the Group eff ective from the required date of application. The initial application of these Standards and Interpretations has not had a material impact on the fi nancial position or the fi nancial results of the Group. There has been no other change in accounting policy during the year. v) Rounding The Parent entity is an entity of the kind referred to in Australian Securities and Investments Commission class order 98/100 dated 10 July 1998 (as amended). Consequently, amounts in the fi nancial report have been rounded to the nearest million dollars, except where otherwise indicated. vi) Comparatives Certain amounts in the comparative information have been reclassifi ed to conform with current period fi nancial statement presentations. During the current year, this includes the reclassifi cation of certain assets from Liquid Assets to Net Loans and Advances following a review of the defi nition of the Liquid Assets category and the reclassifi cation of certain customer deposit liabilities from Deposits and other borrowings to Due from other fi nancial institutions. vii) Principles of consolidation Subsidiaries The fi nancial statements consolidate the fi nancial statements of the Company and all its subsidiaries where it is determined that there is a capacity to control. Where subsidiaries have been sold or acquired during the year, their operating results have been included to the date of disposal or from the date of acquisition. Control means the power to govern, directly or indirectly, the fi nancial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefi ts from its activities. All the facts of a particular situation are considered when determining whether control exists. Control is usually present when an entity has: power over more than one-half of the voting rights of the other entity; or power to govern the fi nancial and operating policies of the other entity; or power to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors or equivalent governing body; or power to cast the majority of votes at meetings of the board of directors or equivalent governing body of the entity. In addition, potential voting rights that are presently exercisable or convertible are taken into account in determining whether control exists. In relation to special purpose entities, control is deemed to exist where: in substance, the majority of the residual risks and rewards from their activities accrue to the Group; or in substance, the Group controls decision making powers so as to obtain the majority of the risks and rewards from their activities. Further detail on special purpose entities is provided in note 2(i). NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1: Signifi cant Accounting Policies (continued) Associates and joint ventures The Group adopts the equity method of accounting for associates and the Group’s interest in joint venture entities. When a foreign operation is disposed, exchange diff erences are recognised in the income statement as part of the gain or loss on sale. The Group’s share of results of associates and joint venture entities is included in the consolidated income statement. Shares in associates and joint venture entities are carried in the consolidated balance sheet at cost plus the Group’s share of post-acquisition net assets. Interests in associates and joint ventures are reviewed for any indication of impairment at least at each reporting date. This impairment review uses a discounted cash fl ow (DCF) methodology and other methodologies to determine the reasonableness of the valuation, including the capitalisation of earnings methodology (CEM). In the Company’s fi nancial statements, investments in associates and joint venture entities are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. viii) Foreign currency translation Functional and presentation currency Items included in the fi nancial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency). The consolidated fi nancial statements are presented in Australian dollars, which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency. Foreign currency transactions Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities resulting from foreign currency transactions are subsequently translated at the spot rate at reporting date. Exchange diff erences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates diff erent to those at which they were initially recognised or included in a previous fi nancial report, are recognised in the income statement in the period in which they arise. Translation diff erences on non-monetary items, such as derivatives measured at fair value through profi t or loss, are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss on these items. Translation diff erences on non-monetary items measured at fair value through equity, such as equities classifi ed as available-for-sale fi nancial assets, are included in the available-for-sale reserve in equity. Foreign operations The results and fi nancial position of all Group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyperinfl ationary economy), that have a functional currency diff erent from the Group’s presentation currency, are translated into the Group’s presentation currency as follows: assets and liabilities of each foreign operation are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at balance date; revenue and expenses of each foreign operation are translated at the average exchange rate for the period, unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the rate prevailing on transaction date, in which case revenue and expenses are translated at the exchange rate ruling at transaction date; and all resulting exchange diff erences are recognised in the foreign currency translation reserve. Goodwill arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity is treated as an asset of the foreign entity and translated at the rate ruling at balance date. B) INCOME RECOGNITION i) Interest income Interest income is recognised as it accrues using the eff ective interest rate method. The eff ective interest rate method calculates the amortised cost of a fi nancial asset or fi nancial liability and allocates the interest income or interest expense over the expected life of the fi nancial asset or fi nancial liability so as to achieve a constant yield on the fi nancial asset or liability. For assets subject to prepayment, expected life is determined on the basis of the historical behaviour of the particular asset portfolio, taking into account contractual obligations and prepayment experience assessed on a regular basis. ii) Fee and commission income Fees and commissions received that are integral to the eff ective interest rate of a fi nancial asset are recognised using the eff ective interest method. For example, loan commitment fees, together with related direct costs, are deferred and recognised as an adjustment to the eff ective interest rate on a loan once drawn. Commitment fees to originate a loan which is unlikely to be drawn down are recognised as income as the service is provided. Fees and commissions that relate to the execution of a signifi cant act (for example, advisory or arrangement services, placement fees and underwriting fees) are recognised when the signifi cant act has been completed. Fees charged for providing ongoing services (for example, maintaining and administering existing facilities) are recognised as income over the period the service is provided. iii) Dividend income Dividends are recognised as revenue when the right to receive payment is established. iv) Leasing income Finance income on fi nance leases is recognised on a basis that refl ects a constant periodic return on the net investment in the fi nance lease. v) Gain or loss on sale of premises and equipment The gain or loss on the disposal of premises and equipment is determined as the diff erence between the carrying amount of the assets at the time of disposal and the proceeds of disposal, and is recognised as an item of other income in the year in which the signifi cant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer. Notes to the Financial Statements 93 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1: Signifi cant Accounting Policies (continued) C) EXPENSE RECOGNITION i) Interest expense Interest expense on fi nancial liabilities measured at amortised cost is recognised in the income statement as it accrues using the eff ective interest rate method. ii) Loan origination expenses Certain loan origination expenses are an integral part of the eff ective interest rate of a fi nancial asset measured at amortised cost. These loan origination expenses include: fees and commissions payable to brokers in respect of originating lending business; and other expenses of originating lending business, such as external legal costs and valuation fees, provided these are direct and incremental costs related to the issue of a fi nancial asset. Such loan origination expenses are initially recognised as part of the cost of acquiring the fi nancial asset and amortised as part of the eff ective yield of the fi nancial asset over its expected life using the eff ective interest rate method. iii) Share-based compensation expense The Group has various equity settled share-based compensation plans. These are described in note 46 and comprise the ANZ Employee Share Acquisition Plan and the ANZ Share Option Plan. ANZ Employee Share Acquisition Plan The fair value of ANZ ordinary shares granted under the Employee Share Acquisition Plan is measured at grant date, using the one-day volume weighted average market price of ANZ shares. The fair value is expensed immediately when shares vest or on a straight-line basis over the relevant vesting period. ANZ Share Option Plan The fair value of share options is measured at grant date, using an option pricing model. The fair value is expensed on a straight-line basis over the relevant vesting period. This is recognised as share- based compensation expense with a corresponding increase in the share options reserve. The option pricing model takes into account the exercise price of the option, the risk-free interest rate, the expected volatility of ANZ’s ordinary share price and other factors. Market vesting conditions are taken into account in estimating the fair value. A performance right is a right to acquire a share at nil cost to the employee subject to satisfactorily meeting time and/or performance hurdles. Upon exercise, each performance right entitles the holder to one ordinary share in ANZ. The fair value of performance rights is determined at grant date using an option pricing model, taking into account market conditions. The fair value is expensed over the relevant vesting period. This is recognised as share-based compensation expense with a corresponding increase in the share options reserve. Other adjustments Subsequent to the grant of an equity-based award, the amount recognised as an expense is reversed when an employee fails to satisfy the minimum service period specifi ed in the award. 94 ANZ Annual Report 2011 iv) Lease payments Leases entered into by the Group as lessee are predominantly operating leases, and the operating lease payments are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. D) INCOME TAX i) Income tax expense Income tax on earnings for the year comprises current and deferred tax and is based on the applicable tax law in each jurisdiction. It is recognised in the income statement as tax expense, except when it relates to items credited directly to equity, in which case it is recorded in equity, or where it arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, in which case it is included in the determination of goodwill. ii) Current tax Current tax is the expected tax payable on taxable income for the year, based on tax rates (and tax laws) which are enacted at the reporting date, including any adjustment for tax payable in previous periods. Current tax for current and prior periods is recognised as a liability (or asset) to the extent that it is unpaid (or refundable). iii) Deferred tax Deferred tax is accounted for using the comprehensive tax balance sheet method. It is generated by temporary diff erences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for fi nancial reporting purposes and their tax base. Deferred tax assets, including those related to the tax eff ects of income tax losses and credits available to be carried forward, are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profi ts will be available against which the deductible temporary diff erences or unused tax losses and credits can be utilised. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary diff erences, other than those relating to taxable temporary diff erences arising from goodwill. They are also recognised for taxable temporary diff erences arising on investments in controlled entities, branches, associates and joint ventures, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary diff erences and it is probable that temporary diff erences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets associated with these interests are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary diff erence will reverse in the foreseeable future and there will be suffi cient taxable profi ts against which to utilise the benefi ts of the temporary diff erence. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period(s) when the asset and liability giving rise to them are realised or settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. The measurement refl ects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group, at the reporting date, recovers or settles the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. iv) Off setting Current and deferred tax assets and liabilities are off set only to the extent that they relate to income taxes imposed by the same taxation authority, there is a legal right and intention to settle on a net basis and it is allowed under the tax law of the relevant jurisdiction. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1: Signifi cant Accounting Policies (continued) E) ASSETS Financial assets i) Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profi t or loss Trading securities are fi nancial instruments acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short-term or which are a part of a portfolio which is managed for short-term profi t-taking. Trading securities are initially recognised and subsequently measured in the balance sheet at their fair value. Derivatives that are neither fi nancial guarantee contracts nor eff ective hedging instruments are carried at fair value through profi t or loss. Certain fi nancial assets and liabilities may be designated and measured at fair value through profi t or loss where any of the following applies: investments backing policy liabilities (refer note 1 (I)(viii)); life investment contract liabilities (refer note 1 (I)(i)); doing so eliminates or signifi cantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise from measuring assets and liabilities, or recognising the gains or losses thereon, on diff erent bases; a group of fi nancial assets or fi nancial liabilities or both is managed and its performance evaluated on a fair value basis; or the fi nancial instrument contains an embedded derivative, unless the embedded derivative does not signifi cantly modify the cash fl ows or it is clear, with little or no analysis, that it would not be separately recorded. Changes in the fair value (gains or losses) of these fi nancial instruments are recognised in the income statement in the period in which they occur. Purchases and sales of trading securities are recognised on trade date. ii) Derivative fi nancial instruments Derivative fi nancial instruments are contracts whose value is derived from one or more underlying price, index or other variable. They include swaps, forward rate agreements, futures, options and combinations of these instruments. Derivative fi nancial instruments are entered into for trading purposes (including customer-related reasons), or for hedging purposes (where the derivative instruments are used to hedge the Group’s exposures to interest rate risk, currency risk, price risk, credit risk and other exposures relating to non-trading positions). Derivative fi nancial instruments are recognised initially at fair value with gains or losses from subsequent measurement at fair value being recognised in the income statement. Included in the determination of the fair value of derivatives is a credit valuation adjustment to refl ect the credit worthiness of the counterparty. The valuation adjustment is infl uenced by the mark-to-market of the derivative trades and by movement in credit spreads. Where the derivative is eff ective as a hedging instrument and is designated as such, the timing of the recognition of any resultant gain or loss in the income statement is dependent on the hedging designation. These hedging designations and associated accounting are as follows: Fair value hedge Where the Group hedges the fair value of a recognised asset or liability or fi rm commitment, changes in the fair value of the derivative designated as a fair value hedge are recognised in the income statement. Changes in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are refl ected in adjustments to the carrying value of the hedged item, which are also recognised in the income statement. Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedge instrument expires or is sold, terminated, exercised or no longer qualifi es for hedge accounting. The resulting adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item arising from the hedged risk is amortised to the income statement over the period to maturity of the hedged item. If the hedged item is sold or repaid, the unamortised fair value adjustment is recognised immediately in the income statement. Cash fl ow hedge The Group designates derivatives as cash fl ow hedges where the instrument hedges the variability in cash fl ows of a recognised asset or liability, a foreign exchange component of a fi rm commitment or a highly probable forecast transaction. The eff ective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives qualifying and designated as cash fl ow hedges is deferred to the hedging reserve, which forms part of shareholders’ equity. Any ineff ective portion is recognised immediately in the income statement. Amounts deferred in equity are recognised in the income statement in the period during which the hedged forecast transactions take place. When the hedging instrument expires, is sold, terminated, or no longer qualifi es for hedge accounting, the cumulative amount deferred in equity remains in the hedging reserve, and is subsequently transferred to the income statement when the hedged item is recognised in the income statement. When a forecast hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur, the amount deferred in equity is recognised immediately in the income statement. Net investment hedge Hedges of net investments in foreign operations are accounted for similarly to cash fl ow hedges. The gain or loss from remeasuring the fair value of the hedging instrument relating to the eff ective portion of the hedge is deferred in the foreign currency translation reserve in equity and the ineff ective portion is recognised immediately in the income statement. Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting All gains and losses from changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not designated in a hedging relationship but are entered into to manage the interest rate and foreign exchange risk of funding instruments are recognised in the income statement. Under certain circumstances, the component of the fair value change in the derivative which relates to current period realised and accrued interest is included in net interest income. The remainder of the fair value movement is included in other income. Set-off arrangements Fair value gains/losses arising from trading derivatives are not off set against fair value gains/losses on the balance sheet unless a legal right of set-off exists and there is an intention to settle net. For contracts subject to master netting agreements that create a legal right of set-off for which only the net revaluation amount is recognised in the income statement, net unrealised gains on derivatives are recognised as part of other assets and net unrealised losses are recognised as part of other liabilities. Notes to the Financial Statements 95 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1: Signifi cant Accounting Policies (continued) iii) Available-for-sale fi nancial assets Available-for-sale fi nancial assets comprise non-derivative fi nancial assets which the Group designates as available-for-sale but which are not deemed to be held principally for trading purposes, and include equity investments, certain loans and advances, and quoted debt securities. They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequent gains or losses arising from changes in fair value are included as a separate component of equity in the available-for- sale revaluation reserve except for interest, dividends and foreign exchange gains and losses on monetary assets, which are recognised directly in the income statement. When the asset is sold, the cumulative gain or loss relating to the asset is transferred to the income statement. Where there is objective evidence of impairment on an available- for-sale fi nancial asset, the cumulative loss related to that asset is removed from equity and recognised in the income statement, as an impairment expense for debt instruments or as non-interest income for equity instruments. If, in a subsequent period, the amount of an impairment loss relating to an available-for-sale debt instrument decreases and the decrease can be linked objectively to an event occurring after the impairment event, the loss is reversed through the income statement through the impairment expense line. Purchases and sales of available-for-sale fi nancial assets are recognised on trade date being the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. iv) Net loans and advances Net loans and advances are non-derivative fi nancial assets with fi xed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They arise when the Group provides money to a debtor with no intention of trading the loans and advances. The loans and advances are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issue of the loan or advance. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the eff ective interest rate method (refer note 1 (B)(i)) unless specifi cally designated on initial recognition at fair value through profi t or loss. All loans are graded according to the level of credit risk. Net loans and advances includes direct fi nance provided to customers such as bank overdrafts, credit cards, term loans, fi nance lease receivables and commercial bills. Impairment of loans and advances Loans and advances are reviewed at least at each reporting date for impairment. Credit impairment provisions are raised for exposures that are known to be impaired. Exposures are impaired and impairment losses are recorded if, and only if, there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more loss events that occurred after the initial recognition of the loan and prior to the reporting date, and that loss event, or events, has had an impact on the estimated future cash fl ows of the individual loan or the collective portfolio of loans that can be reliably estimated. Impairment is assessed for assets that are individually signifi cant (or on a portfolio basis for small value loans) and then on a collective basis for those exposures not individually known to be impaired. 96 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Exposures that are assessed collectively are placed in pools of similar assets with similar risk characteristics. The required provision is estimated on the basis of historical loss experience for assets with credit risk characteristics similar to those in the collective pool. The historical loss experience is adjusted based on current observable data such as changed economic conditions. The provision also takes account of the impact of inherent risk of large concentrated losses within the portfolio and an assessment of the economic cycle. The estimated impairment losses are measured as the diff erence between the asset’s carrying amount and the estimated future cash fl ows discounted to their present value. As the discount unwinds during the period between recognition of impairment and recovery of the cash fl ow, it is recognised in interest income. The process of estimating the amount and timing of cash fl ows involves considerable management judgement. These judgements are reviewed regularly to reduce any diff erences between loss estimates and actual loss experience. Impairment of capitalised acquisition expenses is assessed through comparing the actual behaviour of the portfolio against initial expected life assumptions. The provision for impairment loss (individual and collective) is deducted from loans and advances in the balance sheet and the movement for the reporting period is refl ected in the income statement. When a loan is uncollectable, either partially or in full, it is written-off against the related provision for loan impairment. Unsecured facilities are normally written-off when they become 180 days past due or earlier in the event of the customer’s bankruptcy or similar legal release from the obligation. However a certain level of recoveries is expected after the write-off , which is refl ected in the amount of the provision for credit losses. In the case of secured facilities, remaining balances are written-off after proceeds from the realisation of collateral have been received if there is a shortfall. Where impairment losses recognised in previous periods have subsequently decreased or no longer exist, such impairment losses are reversed in the income statement. A provision is also raised for off -balance sheet items such as loan commitments that are considered to be onerous. v) Lease receivables Contracts to lease assets and hire purchase agreements are classifi ed as fi nance leases if they transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to the customer or an unrelated third party. All other lease contracts are classifi ed as operating leases. vi) Repurchase agreements Securities sold under repurchase agreements are retained in the fi nancial statements where substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership remain with the Group, and a counterparty liability is disclosed under the classifi cations of due to other fi nancial institutions or payables and other liabilities. The diff erence between the sale price and the repurchase price is accrued over the life of the repurchase agreement and charged to interest expense in the income statement. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1: Signifi cant Accounting Policies (continued) Securities purchased under agreements to resell, where the Group does not acquire the risks and rewards of ownership, are recorded as receivables in liquid assets, net loans and advances, or due from other fi nancial institutions, depending on the term of the agreement and the counterparty. The security is not included in the balance sheet. Interest income is accrued on the underlying loan amount. x) Acquired portfolio of insurance and life investment business Identifi able intangible assets in respect of acquired portfolios of insurance and life investment business acquired in a business combination are stated initially at fair value at acquisition date. These are amortised over the period of expected benefi t of between 15 to 23 years. Securities borrowed are not recognised in the balance sheet, unless these are sold to third parties, at which point the obligation to repurchase is recorded as a fi nancial liability at fair value with fair value movements included in the income statement. xi) Deferred acquisition costs Refer to note 1(I)(vi). vii) Derecognition The Group enters into transactions where it transfers fi nancial assets recognised on its balance sheet yet retains either all the risks and rewards of the transferred assets or a portion of them. If all, or substantially all, of the risks and rewards are retained, the transferred assets are not derecognised from the balance sheet. In transactions where substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a fi nancial asset are neither retained nor transferred, the Group derecognises the asset if control over the asset is lost. In transfers where control over the asset is retained, the Group continues to recognise the asset to the extent of its continuing involvement, determined by the extent to which it is exposed to changes in the value of the transferred asset. The rights and obligations retained or created in the transfer are recognised separately as assets and liabilities as appropriate. Non-fi nancial assets viii) Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of the identifi able net assets of a controlled entity at the date of gaining control. Goodwill is recognised as an asset and not amortised, but assessed for impairment at least annually or more frequently if there is an indication that the goodwill may be impaired. This involves using the DCF or CEM methodology to determine the expected future benefi ts of the cash-generating units to which the goodwill relates. Where the assessment results in the goodwill balance exceeding the value of expected future benefi ts, the diff erence is charged to the income statement. Any impairment of goodwill is not subsequently reversed. ix) Software and computer system costs Includes costs incurred in acquiring and building software and computer systems (‘software’). Software is amortised using the straight-line method over its expected useful life to the Group. The period of amortisation is between 3 and 5 years, except for certain core infrastructure projects where the useful life has been determined to be 7 years. At each reporting date, software assets are reviewed for impairment. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the assets are estimated and compared against the existing carrying value. Where the existing carrying value exceeds the recoverable amount, the diff erence is charged to the income statement. Costs incurred in planning or evaluating software proposals, or in maintaining systems after implementation, are not capitalised. xii) Other intangible assets Other intangible assets include management fee rights, distribution relationships and distribution agreements where they are clearly identifi able, can be reliably measured and where it is probable they will lead to future economic benefi ts that the Group can control. Where, based on historical observation, there is an expectation that, for the foreseeable future, the level of investment in the funds will not decline signifi cantly and the Group will continue to manage the fund, the management fee right is assessed to have an indefi nite life and is carried at cost less any impairment losses. Other management fee rights, distribution relationships, distribution agreements and licenses are amortised over the expected useful lives to the Group using the straight line method. The period of amortisation is as follows: Management fee rights Aligned advisor relationships Distribution agreements 7 years 15 years 3 years xiii) Premises and equipment Assets other than freehold land are depreciated at rates based upon their expected useful lives to the Group, using the straight-line method. The depreciation rates used for each class of asset are: Buildings Building integrals Furniture & equipment Computer & offi ce equipment 1–1.5% 10% 10% 12.5%–33% Leasehold improvements are amortised on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their useful lives or remaining terms of the lease. At each reporting date, the carrying amounts of premises and equipment are reviewed for impairment. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the assets are estimated and compared against the existing carrying value. Where the existing carrying value exceeds the recoverable amount, the diff erence is charged to the income statement. If it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. xiv) Borrowing costs Borrowing costs incurred for the construction of qualifying assets (principally the offi ce building in the Docklands, Melbourne, Australia) are capitalised into the cost of the qualifying asset during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use. The calculation of borrowing costs is based on an internal measure of the costs associated with the borrowing of funds. Notes to the Financial Statements 97 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1: Signifi cant Accounting Policies (continued) F) LIABILITIES Financial liabilities i) Deposits and other borrowings Deposits and other borrowings include certifi cates of deposit, interest bearing deposits, debentures and other related interest bearing fi nancial instruments. They are measured at amortised cost. The interest expense is recognised using the eff ective interest rate method. ii) Financial liabilities at fair value through profi t or loss Refer to note 1(E)(i). iii) Acceptances The exposure arising from the acceptance of bills of exchange that are sold into the market is recognised as a liability. An asset of equal value is recognised to refl ect the off setting claim against the drawer of the bill. Bill acceptances generate fee income that is recognised in the income statement when earned. iv) Bonds, notes and loan capital Bonds, notes and loan capital are accounted for in the same way as deposits and other borrowings, except for those bonds and notes which are designated as at fair value through profi t or loss on initial recognition, with fair value movements recorded in the income statement. v) Financial guarantee contracts Financial guarantee contracts that require the issuer to make specifi ed payments to reimburse the holder for a loss the holder incurs because a specifi ed debtor fails to make payments when due, are initially recognised in the fi nancial statements at fair value on the date the guarantee was given; typically this is the premium received. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Group’s liabilities under such guarantees are measured at the higher of their amortised amount and the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle any fi nancial obligation arising at the balance sheet date. These estimates are determined based on experience of similar transactions and the history of past losses. vi) Derecognition Financial liabilities are derecognised when the obligation specifi ed in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires. Non-fi nancial liabilities vii) Employee benefi ts Leave benefi ts The liability for long service leave is calculated and accrued for in respect of all applicable employees (including on-costs) using an actuarial valuation. The amounts expected to be paid in respect of employees’ entitlements to annual leave are accrued at expected salary rates including on-costs. Expected future payments for long service leave are discounted using market yields at the reporting date on national government bonds with terms to maturity that match, as closely as possible, the estimated future cash outfl ows. Defi ned contribution superannuation schemes The Group operates a number of defi ned contribution schemes and also contributes, according to local law, in the various countries in which it operates, to government and other plans that have the characteristics of defi ned contribution schemes. The Group’s contributions to these schemes are recognised as an expense in the income statement when incurred. 98 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Defi ned benefi t superannuation schemes The Group operates a small number of defi ned benefi t schemes. The liability and expense related to providing benefi ts to employees under each defi ned benefi t scheme are calculated by independent actuaries. A defi ned benefi t liability is recognised to the extent that the present value of the defi ned benefi t obligation of each scheme, calculated using the Projected Unit Credit Method, is greater than the fair value of each scheme’s assets. Where this calculation results in an asset of the Group, a defi ned benefi t asset is recognised, which is capped at the recoverable amount. In each subsequent reporting period, ongoing movements in the defi ned benefi t liability or asset carrying value is treated as follows: the net movement relating to the current period’s service cost, interest cost, expected return on scheme assets, past service costs and other costs (such as the eff ects of any curtailments and settlements) is recognised as an employee expense in the income statement; movements relating to actuarial gains and losses are recognised directly in retained earnings; and contributions made by the Group are recognised directly against the net defi ned benefi t position. viii) Provisions The Group recognises provisions when there is a present obligation, the future sacrifi ce of economic benefi ts is probable, and the amount of the provision can be measured reliably. The amount recognised is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at reporting date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation at reporting date. Where a provision is measured using the cash fl ows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash fl ows. G) EQUITY i) Ordinary shares Ordinary shares in the Company are recognised at the amount paid per ordinary share net of directly attributable issue costs. ii) Treasury shares Shares in the Company which are purchased on-market by the ANZ Employee Share Acquisition Plan or issued by the Company to the ANZ Employee Share Acquisition Plan are classifi ed as treasury shares (to the extent that they relate to unvested employee share-based awards) and are deducted from Capital. In addition, the life insurance business may also purchase and hold shares in the Company to back policy liabilities in the life insurance statutory funds. These shares are also classifi ed as treasury shares and deducted from Capital. These assets, plus any corresponding income statement fair value movement on the assets and dividend income, are eliminated when the life statutory funds are consolidated into the Group. The cost of the investment in the shares is deducted from Capital. However, the corresponding life investment contract and insurance contract liabilities, and related income statement changes in the liabilities, remain upon consolidation. Treasury shares are excluded from the weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the earnings per share calculations. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1: Signifi cant Accounting Policies (continued) iii) Non-controlling interest Non-controlling interests represent the share in the net assets of subsidiaries attributable to equity interests not owned directly or indirectly by the Company. iv) Reserves Foreign currency translation reserve As indicated in note 1 (A)(viii), exchange diff erences arising on translation of the assets and liabilities of all Group entities are refl ected in the foreign currency translation reserve. Any off setting gains or losses on hedging these balances, together with any tax eff ect, are also refl ected in this reserve. Available-for-sale revaluation reserve This reserve includes changes in the fair value of available-for- sale fi nancial assets, net of tax. These changes are transferred to the income statement (in non-interest income) when the asset is derecognised. Where the asset is impaired, the changes are transferred to impairment expense in the income statement for debt instruments and in the case of equity instruments to other income. Cash fl ow hedging reserve This reserve includes the fair value gains and losses associated with the eff ective portion of designated cash fl ow hedging instruments. Share-based payment reserves Share-based payment reserves include the share options reserve and other equity reserves which arise on the recognition of share-based compensation expense (see note 1 (C)(iii)). H) PRESENTATION i) Off setting of income and expenses Income and expenses are not off set unless required or permitted by an accounting standard. At the Group level, this generally arises in the following circumstances: where transaction costs form an integral part of the eff ective interest rate of a fi nancial instrument which is measured at amortised cost, these are off set against the interest income generated by the fi nancial instrument; or where gains and losses relating to fair value hedges are assessed as being eff ective; or where gains and losses arise from a group of similar transactions, such as foreign exchange gains and losses. ii) Off setting assets and liabilities Assets and liabilities are off set and the net amount reported in the balance sheet only where there is: a current enforceable legal right to off set the asset and liability; and an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. iii) Cash and cash equivalents For cash fl ow statement presentation purposes, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with other fi nancial institutions, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original terms to maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible to cash and which are subject to an insignifi cant risk of changes in value. iv) Segment reporting An operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Chief Executive Offi cer to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance and for which discrete information is available. v) Goods and services tax Income, expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of goods and services tax (GST), except where the amount of GST incurred is not recoverable from the Australian Tax Offi ce (ATO). In these circumstances the GST is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense. Receivables and payables are stated with the amount of GST included. The net amount of GST recoverable from or payable to the ATO is included as an other asset or liability in the balance sheet. Cash fl ows are included in the cash fl ow statement on a gross basis. The GST components of cash fl ows arising from investing and fi nancing activities which are recoverable from or payable to the ATO are classifi ed as operating cash fl ows. I) LIFE INSURANCE AND FUNDS MANAGEMENT BUSINESS The Group conducts its life insurance and funds management business (the Life Business) in Australia primarily through OnePath Life Limited, which is registered under the Life Insurance Act 1995 (Life Act), amended by the Financial Sector Legislation Amendment (Simplifying Regulation and Review) Act 2007 (SRR Act) and in New Zealand through OnePath Life (NZ) Limited and OnePath Insurance Services (NZ) Limited which are registered under the New Zealand Life Insurance Act 1908. The operations of the Life Business in Australia are conducted within separate statutory funds as required by the Life Act. The assets of the Life Business are allocated between policyholder and shareholder funds in accordance with the requirements of the Life Act. Under AASs, the fi nancial statements must include all assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and equity, irrespective of whether they are designated as relating to shareholders or policyholders. Accordingly, the consolidated fi nancial statements include both policyholder (statutory) and shareholder’s funds. (i) Policy liabilities Policy liabilities include liabilities arising from life insurance contracts and life investment contracts. Life insurance contracts are insurance contracts regulated under the Life Act and similar contracts issued by entities operating outside Australia. An insurance contract is a contract under which an insurer accepts signifi cant insurance risk from another party (the policyholder) by agreeing to compensate the policyholder if a specifi ed uncertain future event adversely aff ects the policyholder. All contracts written by registered life insurers that do not meet the defi nition of an insurance contract are referred to as life investment contracts. Life investment contract business relates to funds management products in which the Group issues a contract where the resulting liability to policyholders is linked to the performance and value of the assets that back those liabilities. Notes to the Financial Statements 99 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1: Signifi cant Accounting Policies (continued) Whilst the underlying assets are registered in the name of the life insurer and the policyholder has no direct access to the specifi c assets, the contractual arrangements are such that the policyholder bears the risks and rewards of the fund’s investment performance with the exception of guaranteed products where the policyholder is guaranteed a minimum return or asset value. The Group derives fee income from the administration of the underlying assets. Life investment contracts that include a discretionary participation feature (participating contracts) are accounted for as if they are life insurance contracts under AASB 1038 Life Insurance Contracts. Life insurance liabilities Life insurance liabilities are determined using the ‘Margin on Services’ (MoS) model using a projection method or using an accumulation method. Under the projection method, the liability is determined as the net present value of the expected future cash fl ows, plus planned margins of revenues over expenses relating to services yet to be provided, discounted using a risk-free discount rate that refl ects the nature, structure and term of the liabilities. Expected future cash fl ows include premiums, expenses, redemptions and benefi t payments, including bonuses. An accumulation method is used where the policy liabilities determined are not materially diff erent from those determined under the projection method. Profi ts from life insurance contracts are brought to account using the MoS model in accordance with Actuarial Standard LPS 1.04 Valuation of Policy Liabilities (formerly AS 1.04) as issued by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority under the Life Act and Professional Standard 3 Determination of Life Insurance Policy Liabilities as issued by the New Zealand Society of Actuaries. Under MoS, profi t is recognised as premiums are received and services are provided to policyholders. When premiums are received but the service has not been provided, the profi t is deferred. Losses are expensed when identifi ed. Costs associated with the acquisition of policies are recognised over the life of the policy. Costs may only be deferred, however, to the extent that a contract is expected to be profi table. Participating contracts, defi ned as those contracts that entitle the policyholder to participate in the performance and value of certain assets in addition to the guaranteed benefi t, are entitled to share in the profi ts that arise from participating business. This profi t sharing is governed by the Life Act and the life insurance company’s constitution. The profi t sharing entitlement is treated as an expense in the consolidated fi nancial statements. Any benefi ts which remain payable at the end of the reporting period are recognised as part of life insurance liabilities. Life investment contract liabilities Life investment contracts involve both the origination of a fi nancial instrument and the provision of investment management services. The fi nancial instrument component of the life investment contract liabilities is designated as at fair value through profi t or loss. The management services component, including associated acquisition costs, is recognised as revenue as services are performed. See note 1 (I)(vi) for the deferral and amortisation of life investment contract acquisition costs and entry fees. 100 ANZ Annual Report 2011 For investment-linked products, the life investment contract liability is directly linked to the performance and value of the assets that back them and is determined as the fair value of those assets after tax. For fi xed income policies the liability is determined as the net present value of expected cash fl ows subject to a minimum of current surrender value. (ii) External unit holder liabilities (life insurance funds) The life insurance business includes controlling interests in trusts and companies, and the total amounts of each underlying asset, liability, revenue and expense of the controlled entities are recognised in the Group’s consolidated fi nancial statements. When a controlled unit trust is consolidated, the share of the unit holder liability attributable to the Group is eliminated but amounts due to external unit holders remain as liabilities in the Group’s consolidated balance sheet. (iii) Claims Claims are recognised when the liability to the policyholder under the policy contract has been established or upon notifi cation of the insured event depending on the type of claim. Claims are separated into their expense and liability components. Claims incurred in respect of life investment contracts represent withdrawals and are recognised as a reduction in life investment contract liabilities. Claims incurred that relate to the provision of services and bearing of insurance risks are treated as expenses and these are recognised on an accruals basis once the liability to the policyholder has been established under the terms of the contract. (iv) Revenue Life insurance premiums Life insurance premiums earned by providing services and bearing risks are treated as revenue. Life insurance deposit premiums are recognised as an increase in policy liabilities. For annuity, risk and traditional business, all premiums are recognised as revenue. Premiums with no due date are recognised as revenue on a cash received basis. Premiums with a regular due date are recognised as revenue on an accruals basis. Unpaid premiums are only recognised as revenue during the days of grace or where secured by the surrender value of the policy and are included as ‘Other assets’ in the balance sheet. Life investment contract premiums There is no premium revenue in respect of investment contracts. Investment contract amounts received from policyholders in respect of investment contracts comprise a deposit component or origination fee and/or ongoing investment management fee or amounts directly credited to investment contract liabilities. Fees Fees are charged to policyholders in connection with life insurance and life investment contracts and are recognised when the service has been provided. Entry fees from life investment contracts are deferred and recognised over the average expected life of the contracts. Deferred entry fees are presented within ‘Other liabilities’ in the balance sheet. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1: Signifi cant Accounting Policies (continued) (v) Reinsurance contracts Reinsurance premiums, commissions and claim settlements, as well as the reinsurance element of insurance contract liabilities, are accounted for on the same basis as the underlying direct insurance contracts for which the reinsurance was purchased. (vi) Policy acquisition costs Life insurance contract acquisition costs Policy acquisition costs are the fi xed and variable costs of acquiring new business. The appointed actuary assesses the value and future recoverability of these costs in determining policy liabilities. The net profi t impact is presented in the income statement as a change in policy liabilities. The deferral is determined as the actual costs are incurred subject to an overall limit that future profi ts are anticipated to cover these costs. Losses arising on acquisition are recognised in the income statement in the year in which they occur. Amounts which are deemed recoverable from future premiums or policy charges are deferred and amortised over the life of the policy. Life investment contract acquisition costs Incremental acquisition costs, such as commissions, that are directly attributable to securing a life investment contract are recognised as an asset where they can be identifi ed separately and measured reliably and if it is probable that they will be recovered. These deferred acquisition costs are presented in the balance sheet as an intangible asset and are amortised over the period that they will be recovered from future policy charges. Any impairment losses arising on deferred acquisition costs are recognised in the income statement in the period in which they occur. (vii) Basis of expense apportionment All life investment contracts and insurance contracts are categorised based on individual policy or products. Expenses for these products are then allocated between acquisition, maintenance, investment management and other expenses. Expenses which are directly attributable to an individual policy or product are allocated directly to a particular expense category, fund, class of business and product line as appropriate. Where expenses are not directly attributable to an individual policy or product, they are appropriately apportioned based on detailed expense analysis having regard to the objective in incurring that expense and the outcome achieved. The apportionment has been made in accordance with Actuarial Standard LPS 1.04 Valuation of Policy Liabilities (formerly AS 1.04), issued by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, and on an equitable basis to the diff erent classes of business in accordance with Division 2 of Part 6 of the Life Act. (viii) Investments backing policy liabilities All investments backing policy liabilities are designated as at fair value through profi t or loss. For OnePath Australia, all policy holder assets, being those assets held within the statutory funds of the life company that are not segregated and managed under a distinct shareholder investment mandate are held to back life insurance and life investment contract liabilities (collectively referred to as policy liabilities). These investments are designated as at fair value through profi t or loss. J) OTHER i) Contingent liabilities Contingent liabilities acquired in a business combination are individually measured at fair value at the acquisition date. At subsequent reporting dates the value of such contingent liabilities is reassessed based on the estimate of the expenditure required to settle the contingent liability. Other contingent liabilities are not recognised in the balance sheet but disclosed in note 44 unless it is considered remote that the Group will be liable to settle the possible obligation. ii) Earnings per share The Group presents basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) data for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profi t or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period after eliminating treasury shares. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profi t or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the eff ect of dilutive ordinary shares. Notes to the Financial Statements 101 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1: Signifi cant Accounting Policies (continued) iii) Accounting Standards not early adopted The following standards were available for early adoption, but have not been applied by the Company or Group in these fi nancial statements. AASB standard Possible impact on the Company and the Group’s fi nancial report in period of initial adoption AASB 9 Financial Instruments AASB 10 Consolidated Financial Statements AASB 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities This standard and its associated amending standard (AASB 2009-11) specifi es new recognition and measurement requirements for fi nancial assets and fi nancial liabilities within the scope of AASB 139 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. This standard represents the fi rst phase of the project to replace AASB 139 and will result in fundamental changes in the way that the Company and the Group accounts for fi nancial instruments. The main changes from AASB 139 include: all fi nancial assets, except for certain equity instruments, will be classifi ed into two categories: – amortised cost, where they generate solely payments of interest and principal and the business model is to collect contractual cash fl ows that represent principal and interest; or – fair value through the income statement. certain equity instruments not held for trading purposes will be classifi ed at fair value through the income statement or fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI) with dividends recognised in net income. fi nancial assets which meet the requirements for classifi cation at amortised cost are permitted to be measured at fair value if that eliminates or signifi cantly reduces an accounting mismatch. fi nancial liabilities – gains and losses on own credit arising from fi nancial liabilities designated at fair value through profi t or loss will be excluded from the income statement and instead taken to OCI. Future phases of the project to replace AASB 139 will cover impairment of fi nancial assets measured at amortised cost and hedge accounting. The Group is currently assessing the impact of this standard, as well as developments arising from future phases of the project to replace AASB 139. This standard provides a defi nition of ‘control’ based on whether the investor is exposed to, or has rights to, the variable returns from its involvement with an investee and has the ability to aff ect those returns through its power over the investee. The standard also provides guidance on how the control principle is applied in certain situations, such as where potential voting rights exist or where voting rights are not the dominant factor in determining whether control exists (e.g. where relevant activities are directed through contractual means). An assessment of the impact of this standard is being performed, however no material impact on the Group is expected. This standard applies where an entity has an ‘interest in another entity’ (essentially, any contractual or non-contractual interest that exposes an entity to the returns from the performance of the other entity). Such interests include a subsidiary, joint arrangement, associate or an unconsolidated structured entity. A range of disclosures is required which assist users to evaluate the nature, extent and fi nancial eff ects and risks associated with an entity’s interest in other entities. These disclosures replace and signifi cantly enhance those in other standards applicable to subsidiaries, joint arrangements or associates and impose new disclosures. As the amendments are only related to disclosure, no material impact on the Group is expected. Application date for the Company and Group 1 October 20131 1 October 2013 1 October 2013 AASB 13 Fair Value Measurement This standard provides a single source of guidance on fair value measurement and requires certain disclosures regarding fair value. This standard aims to improve the consistency and reduce the complexity of fair value measurement. An assessment of the impact of this standard is being made, however no material impact on the Group is expected. 1 October 2013 A number of other AASB standards are also available for early adoption, but have not been applied by the Company or Group in these fi nancial statements. These standards involve amendments of a technical nature which are not expected to have a material impact on the Company or Group. 1 Mandatory effective date is currently being reviewed by the International Accounting Standards Board with the possible deferral to 1 October 2015. 102 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2: Critical Estimates and Judgements Used in Applying Accounting Policies The Group prepares its fi nancial report in accordance with policies which are based on AASs, other authoritative accounting pronouncements and Interpretations of the AASB and the Corporations Act 2001. This involves the Group making estimates and assumptions that aff ect the reported amounts within the fi nancial statements. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. All material changes to accounting policies and estimates and the application of these policies and judgements are approved by the Audit Committee of the Board. A brief explanation of critical estimates and judgements and their impact on the Group follows: Critical accounting estimates and assumptions Provisions for credit impairment The accounting policy, as explained in note 1 (E)(iv), relating to measuring the impairment of loans and advances, requires the Group to assess impairment at least at each reporting date. The credit provisions raised (individual and collective) represent management’s best estimate of the losses incurred in the loan portfolio at balance date based on experienced judgement. The collective provision is estimated on the basis of historical loss experience for assets with credit characteristics similar to those in the collective pool. The historical loss experience is adjusted based on current observable data and events and an assessment of the impact of model risk. The provision also takes into account the impact of large concentrated losses within the portfolio and the economic cycle. The use of such judgements and reasonable estimates is considered by management to be an essential part of the process and does not impact on reliability. Individual provisioning is applied when the full collectability of a loan is identifi ed as being doubtful. Individual and collective provisioning is calculated using discounted expected future cash fl ows. The methodology and assumptions used for estimating both the amount and timing of future cash fl ows are revised regularly to reduce any diff erences between loss estimates and actual loss experience. Critical judgements in applying the entity’s accounting policies i) Special purpose and off -balance sheet entities The Group may invest in or establish special purpose entities (SPEs) to enable it to undertake specifi c types of transactions. The main types of these SPEs are securitisation vehicles, structured fi nance entities, and entities used to sell credit protection. Where the Group has established SPEs which are controlled by the Group, they are consolidated in the Group’s fi nancial statements. The Group does not consolidate SPEs that it does not control in accordance with the Group’s policy outlined in note 1 (A)(vii). As it can be complex to determine whether the Group has control of a SPE, the Group makes judgements about its exposure to the risks and rewards, as well as about its ability to make operational decisions for the SPE in question. The table below summarises the main types of SPEs with which the Group is involved, the reason for their establishment, and the control factors associated with ANZ’s interest in them. Although there may be some indicators of control, ANZ does not bear the majority of residual risks and rewards of the SPEs. Therefore they are not consolidated. Type of SPE Reason for establishment Control factors Securitisation vehicles Securitisation is a fi nancing technique whereby assets are transferred to an SPE which funds the purchase by issuing securities. This enables ANZ (in the case where transferred assets originate within ANZ) or customers to increase diversity of funding sources. Structured fi nance entities These entities are set up to assist with the structuring of client fi nancing. The resulting lending arrangements are at arms length and ANZ typically has limited ongoing involvement with the entity. ANZ may manage these securitisation vehicles, service assets in the vehicle or provide liquidity or other support. ANZ retains the risks associated with the provision of these services. For any SPE which is not consolidated, credit and market risks associated with the underlying assets are not retained or assumed by ANZ except to the limited extent that ANZ provides arm’s length services and facilities. ANZ may manage these vehicles, hold minor amounts of capital, provide fi nancing or derivatives. Credit protection The SPE in this category is created to allow ANZ to purchase credit protection. ANZ may manage this vehicle. Notes to the Financial Statements 103 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2: Critical Estimates and Judgements Used in Applying Accounting Policies (continued) ii) Signifi cant associates The carrying values of all signifi cant investments in associates (as disclosed in note 39) are subject to an annual recoverable amount test. This assessment involves ensuring that the investment’s fair value less costs to sell or its value in use is greater than its carrying amount. Judgement is applied when determining the assumptions supporting these calculations. The Group reviews its investments in associates against the following impairment indicators: actual fi nancial performance against budgeted fi nancial performance; any material unfavourable operational factors and regulatory factors; any material unfavourable economic outlook and market competitive factors; carrying value against available quoted market values (supported by third-party broker valuations where available); and carrying value against market capitalisation (for listed investments). Where appropriate, additional potential impairment indicators are reviewed which are more specifi c to the respective investment. As at 30 September 2011, no impairment of associates was identifi ed as a result of either the review of impairment indicators listed above or the recoverable amount test. iii) Available-for-sale fi nancial assets The accounting policy for impairment of available-for-sale fi nancial assets, as explained in note 1 (E)(iii), requires the Group to assess whether there is objective evidence of impairment. This requires judgement when considering whether such evidence exists and, if so, in reliably determining the impact of such events on the estimated cash fl ows of the asset. During the year ended 30 September 2011, an impairment of $35 million (2010: $nil) was recognised in the income statement in respect of Sacombank after assessing that the decline in the market value of the investment was signifi cant and prolonged. iv) Financial instruments at fair value A signifi cant portion of fi nancial instruments are carried on the balance sheet at fair value. The best evidence of fair value is a quoted price in an active market. Accordingly, wherever possible, fair value is based on quoted market prices for the fi nancial instrument. In the event that there is no active market for the instrument, fair value is based on present value estimates or other market accepted valuation techniques. The valuation models incorporate the impact of bid/ask spread, counterparty credit spreads and other factors that would infl uence the fair value determined by a market participant. The majority of valuation techniques employ only observable market data. However, for certain fi nancial instruments, the fair value cannot be determined with reference to current market transactions or valuation techniques whose variables only include data from observable markets. In respect of the valuation component where market observable data is not available, the fair value is determined using data derived and extrapolated from market data and tested against historic transactions and observed market trends. These valuations are based upon assumptions established by application of professional judgement to analyse the data available to support each assumption. Changing the assumptions changes the resulting estimate of fair value. The majority of outstanding derivative positions are transacted over-the-counter and therefore need to be valued using valuation techniques. Included in the determination of the fair value of derivatives is a credit valuation adjustment to refl ect the credit worthiness of the counterparty, representing the credit risk component of the overall fair value movement on a particular derivative asset. The total valuation adjustment is infl uenced by the mark-to-market of the derivative trades and by the movement in the market cost of credit. v) Goodwill and indefi nite life intangible assets The carrying values of goodwill and intangible assets with indefi nite lives are reviewed at each balance date and written-down to the extent that they are no longer supported by probable future benefi ts. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefi nite useful lives are allocated to cash-generating units (CGUs) for the purpose of impairment testing. In respect of goodwill, the CGUs are based on the operating segments of the Group. During the year the operating segments were changed from the major geographies in which the Group operates to the major divisions through which the Group operates. Goodwill has been reallocated accordingly. Impairment testing of goodwill and indefi nite life intangibles is performed annually or more frequently when there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. Impairment testing is conducted by comparing the recoverable amount of the CGU with the current carrying amount of its net assets, including goodwill and intangibles as applicable. Where the current carrying value is greater than recoverable amount, a charge for impairment is recognised in the income statement. The most signifi cant components of the Group’s goodwill balance at 30 September 2011 relate to the New Zealand division which was $1,720 million (Sep 2010: $1,653 million) and Australia division which was $1,433 million (Sep 2010: $1,414 million). The recoverable amount of the CGU to which each goodwill component is allocated is estimated using a market multiple approach as representative of the fair value less costs to sell of each CGU. The price earnings multiples are based on observable multiples in the respective markets in which the Group operates. The earnings are based on the current forecast earnings of the divisions. Key assumptions on which management has based its determination of fair value less costs to sell include assumptions regarding market multiples, costs to sell and forecast earnings. Changes in assumptions upon which the valuation is based could materially impact the assessment of the recoverable amount of each CGU. As at 30 September 2011, results of the impairment testing performed did not result in any material impairment being identifi ed. 104 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2: Critical Estimates and Judgements Used in Applying Accounting Policies (continued) vi) Intangible assets with fi nite useful lives The carrying value of intangible assets with fi nite useful lives are reviewed each balance date for any indication of impairment. This assessment involves applying judgement and consideration is given to both internal and external indicators of potential impairment. The majority of the Group’s intangible assets with a fi nite life is represented by capitalised software and intangible assets purchased as part of the acquisition of OnePath Australia Limited and OnePath (NZ) Limited. As at 30 September 2011, the results of the impairment testing performed did not result in any material impairment being identifi ed. vii) Life insurance contract liabilities Policy liabilities for life insurance contracts are computed using statistical or mathematical methods, which are expected to give approximately the same results as if an individual liability was calculated for each contract. The computations are made by suitably qualifi ed personnel on the basis of recognised actuarial methods, with due regard to relevant actuarial principles and standards. The methodology takes into account the risks and uncertainties of the particular classes of life insurance business written. Deferred policy acquisition costs are connected with the measurement basis of life insurance liabilities and are equally sensitive to the factors that are considered in the liability measurement. The key factors that aff ect the estimation of these liabilities and related assets are: the cost of providing the benefi ts and administering these insurance contracts; mortality and morbidity experience on life insurance products, including enhancements to policyholder benefi ts; discontinuance experience, which aff ects the Company’s ability to recover the cost of acquiring new business over the lives of the contracts; and the amounts credited to policyholders’ accounts compared to the returns on invested assets through asset-liability management and strategic and tactical asset allocation. In addition, factors such as regulation, competition, interest rates, taxes and general economic conditions aff ect the level of these liabilities. The total value of policy liabilities for life insurance contracts have been appropriately calculated in accordance with these principles. viii) Taxation Signifi cant judgement is required in determining provisions held in respect of uncertain tax positions. The Group estimates its tax liabilities based on its understanding of the relevant law in each of the countries in which it operates. Notes to the Financial Statements 105 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 3: Income Interest income Other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Available-for-sale assets Loans and advances and acceptances Other Controlled entities Total interest income Interest income is analysed by types of fi nancial assets as follows Financial assets not at fair value through profi t or loss Trading securities Financial assets designated at fair value through profi t or loss i) Fee and commission income Lending fees1 Non-lending fees and commissions Controlled entities Total fee and commission income Fee and commission expense 2 Net fee and commission income ii) Other income Net foreign exchange earnings Net gains from trading securities and derivatives3 Credit risk on derivatives Fair value impairment for investment in OnePath Australia and OnePath NZ Movements on fi nancial instruments measured at fair value through profi t or loss4 Dividends received from controlled entities5 Brokerage income NZ managed funds impacts Write-down of assets in non-continuing business Write-back of investment in Saigon Securities Inc Write-down of investment in Sacombank Private equity and infrastructure earnings Profi t on sale of property Other Total other income Other operating income iii) Net funds management and insurance income Funds management income Investment income Insurance premium income Commission income (expense) Claims Changes in policy liabilities Elimination of treasury share gain Total net funds management and insurance income Total other operating income Share of joint venture profi t from OnePath Australia and OnePath NZ Share of associates’ profi t Total share of joint venture and associates profi t Total income6 Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 221 1,481 570 27,614 482 30,368 – 30,368 28,872 1,481 15 30,368 652 2,053 2,705 – 2,705 (314) 2,391 817 295 21 – (167) – 61 61 (13) – (35) 26 24 127 1,217 3,608 868 (511) 1,184 (490) (548) 854 48 1,405 5,013 – 436 436 35,817 185 1,525 535 23,950 413 26,608 – 26,608 25,066 1,525 17 26,608 634 1,967 2,601 – 2,601 (277) 2,324 747 319 35 (217) (202) – 70 4 (12) 25 – 43 2 153 967 3,291 730 1,165 847 (358) (414) (836) (35) 1,099 4,390 33 400 433 31,431 168 1,166 481 22,716 298 24,829 2,168 26,997 25,822 1,166 9 26,997 583 1,511 2,094 651 2,745 (236) 2,509 528 280 19 – (87) 941 – – (13) – (35) 26 – (40) 1,619 4,128 101 – 33 49 – – – 183 4,311 – – – 31,308 159 1,249 404 19,228 211 21,251 1,671 22,922 21,662 1,249 11 22,922 574 1,435 2,009 424 2,433 (200) 2,233 458 366 39 – (203) 1,490 – – (12) 25 – 43 – (3) 2,203 4,436 85 – 28 51 – – – 164 4,600 – – – 27,522 1 Lending fees exclude fees treated as part of the effective yield calculation and included in interest income (refer note 1 B(ii)). 2 Includes interchange fees paid. 3 Does not include interest income. 4 Includes fair value movements (excluding realised and accrued interest) on derivatives entered into for management of interest rate and foreign exchange risk on funding instruments, and not designated as accounting hedges, ineffective portions of cashflow hedges, and fair value movements in financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value. The net gain on financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value was $107 million (2010: $251 million) for the Group and $104 million (2010: $253 million) for the Company. 5 Dividends received from controlled entities are subject to meeting applicable regulatory and corporate law requirements, including solvency requirements. 6 Total income includes external dividend income of $11 million (2010: $18 million) for the Group and $9 million (2010: $16 million) for the Company. 106 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 4: Expenses Interest expense Financial institutions Deposits Borrowing corporations’ debt Commercial paper Loan capital, bonds and notes Other Controlled entities Total interest expense Interest expense is analysed by types of fi nancial liabilities as follows: Financial liabilities not at fair value through profi t or loss Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profi t or loss Operating expenses i) Personnel Employee entitlements and taxes Salaries and wages Superannuation costs – defi ned benefi t plans – defi ned contribution plans Equity-settled share-based payments Temporary staff Other Total personnel expenses ii) Premises Amortisation of leasehold improvements Depreciation of buildings and integrals Rent Utilities and other outgoings Other Total premises expenses iii) Computer Computer contractors Data communication Depreciation and amortisation1 Rentals and repairs Software purchased Software impairment2 Other Total computer expenses iv) Other Advertising and public relations Amortisation and impairment of other intangible assets (refer note 19) Audit and other fees (refer note 5) Depreciation of furniture and equipment (refer note 21) Freight and cartage Loss on sale and write-off of equipment Non-lending losses, fraud and forgeries Postage and stationery Professional fees Telephone Travel Other Total other expenses v) Restructuring3 Total operating expenses Total expenses Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 526 12,661 101 489 4,828 280 18,885 – 18,885 18,521 364 18,885 306 2,971 13 287 166 250 743 4,736 49 40 387 165 44 685 143 125 348 120 250 20 35 1,041 235 122 18 97 65 4 53 130 274 75 208 132 326 9,784 135 499 4,171 824 15,739 – 15,739 15,355 384 15,739 259 2,639 14 253 140 215 730 4,250 42 37 365 160 35 639 120 94 297 100 214 17 24 866 252 95 15 91 62 11 67 130 349 68 196 179 485 10,900 – 378 4,018 217 15,998 2,488 18,486 18,233 253 18,486 238 2,332 7 249 145 192 581 3,744 30 20 251 114 38 453 117 83 266 91 181 7 7 752 139 8 10 81 51 2 27 88 235 38 150 455 279 8,081 – 287 3,419 781 12,847 1,830 14,677 14,504 173 14,677 184 1,885 9 201 119 165 575 3,138 28 17 240 117 33 435 81 59 248 74 150 12 3 627 151 3 8 75 48 3 40 92 307 38 142 495 1,413 148 8,023 26,908 1,515 34 7,304 23,043 1,284 23 6,256 24,742 1,402 34 5,636 20,313 1 Comprises software amortisation $249 million (2010: $207 million) (refer note 19) and computer depreciation $99 million (2010: $90 million) (refer note 21). The Company comprises software amortisation $199 million (2010: $183 million) (refer note 19), and computer depreciation $67 million (2010: $65 million) (refer note 21). 2 $24 million of software impairment expense has been booked as restructuring expenses by the Group in 2011 (2010: $nil). 3 Includes $125 million relating to costs associated with adopting a single core banking system in New Zealand. Notes to the Financial Statements 107 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 5: Compensation of Auditors Consolidated The Company KPMG Australia1 Audit or review of fi nancial reports of the Company or Group entities Audit-related services2 Non-audit services3 Overseas related practices of KPMG Australia Audit or review of fi nancial reports of the Company or Group entities Audit-related services2 Non-audit services3 2011 $’000 8,620 3,636 266 2010 $’000 7,916 2,280 80 12,522 10,276 4,522 808 69 5,399 4,119 539 92 4,750 2011 $’000 5,479 2,806 138 8,423 1,187 454 15 1,656 Total compensation of auditors 17,921 15,026 10,079 2010 $’000 5,053 1,595 80 6,728 1,040 400 20 1,460 8,188 Group policy allows KPMG Australia or any of its related practices to provide assurance and other audit-related services that, while outside the scope of the statutory audit, are consistent with the role of external auditor. These include regulatory and prudential reviews requested by the Company’s regulators such as APRA. Any other services that are not audit or audit-related services are non- audit services. Group Policy allows certain non-audit services to be provided such as accounting advice and the provision of training, where the service would not contravene auditor independence requirements. KPMG Australia or any of its related practices may not provide services that are perceived to be in conflict with the role of auditor. These include consulting advice and subcontracting of operational activities normally undertaken by management, and engagements where the auditor may ultimately be required to express an opinion on its own work. 1 Goods and services tax inclusive. 2 Comprises prudential and regulatory services of $3.578 million (2010: $2.123 million), comfort letters $0.446 million (2010: $0.521 million) and other $0.420 million (2010: $0.175 million). 3 Non-audit services comprises: Consolidated Collective provision review (on behalf of APRA) Managed investment schemes distribution model review Review script for script audit validation model and trust voting analysis models R&D claim review Review output from counterparty credit risk review project Presentations Prudential standard impact assessment Training courses Accounting advice Witness branch transfer of deposit boxes Market Risk benchmarking review Market Risk system capability review Overseas branch registration regulatory assistance Review of foreign exchange process in overseas branch Non-audit services 2011 $’000 2010 $’000 101 81 46 40 20 18 11 9 5 4 – – – – – – – – – – – – 82 – 50 30 2 8 Total 335 172 108 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 6: Current Income Tax Expense Income tax recognised in the income statement Tax expense/(income) comprises: Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m Current tax expense/(income) Adjustments recognised in the current year in relation to the current tax of prior years Deferred tax expense/(income) relating to the origination and reversal of temporary diff erences Total income tax expense charged in the income statement 2,364 3 (58) 2,309 2,153 (1) (56) 2,096 1,624 3 (206) 1,421 1,542 (1) (129) 1,412 Reconciliation of the prima facie income tax expense on pre-tax profi t with the income tax expense charged in the Income statement Profi t before income tax Prima facie income tax expense at 30% Tax eff ect of permanent diff erences: Overseas tax rate diff erential Rebateable and non-assessable dividends Profi t from associates and joint venture entities Fair value adjustment for OnePath Australia and OnePath NZ New Zealand conduits Mark-to-market (gains)/losses on fair valued investments related to associated entities Write-down of investment in Sacombank Write-back of investment in Saigon Securities Inc. Impact of changes in New Zealand tax legislation Off shore Banking Units Foreign exchange translation of US hybrid loan capital OnePath Australia – policyholder income and contributions tax Non deductible RBS integration costs Resolution of US tax matter Withholding tax provision no longer required Other Income tax (over) provided in previous years Total income tax expense charged in the income statement Eff ective tax rate Australia Overseas 7,672 2,302 6,601 1,980 5,572 1,672 5,840 1,752 (29) (5) (131) – – – 11 – (2) – – 146 4 – (35) 45 5 (5) (130) 65 (38) (2) – (7) 36 (7) – 150 27 (31) – 54 (18) (282) – – – – 11 – – – (2) – 4 – (35) 68 15 (447) – – – (2) – (7) – (7) 4 – 27 (31) – 109 2,306 2,097 1,418 1,413 3 2,309 30.1% 1,847 462 (1) 2,096 31.8% 1,753 343 3 1,421 25.5% 1,322 99 (1) 1,412 24.2% 1,328 84 Tax consolidation The Company and all its wholly owned Australian resident entities are part of a tax-consolidated group under Australian taxation law. The Company is the head entity in the tax-consolidated group. Tax expense/income and deferred tax liabilities/assets arising from temporary diff erences of the members of the tax-consolidated group are recognised in the separate fi nancial statements of the members of the tax-consolidated group on a ‘group allocation’ basis. Current tax liabilities and assets of the tax consolidated group are recognised by the Company (as head entity in the tax-consolidated group). Due to the existence of a tax funding arrangement between the entities in the tax-consolidated group, amounts are recognised as payable to or receivable by the Company and each member of the group in relation to the tax contribution amounts paid or payable between the Company and the other members of the tax-consolidated group in accordance with the arrangement. Members of the tax-consolidated group have also entered into a tax sharing agreement that provides for the allocation of income tax liabilities between the entities should the head entity default on its income tax payment obligations. Taxation of Financial Arrangements ‘TOFA’ The Group adopted the new tax regime for fi nancial arrangements (TOFA) in Australia eff ective from 1 October 2009. The regime aims to more closely align the tax and accounting recognition and measurement of the fi nancial arrangements within scope and their related fl ows. Deferred tax balances for fi nancial arrangements that existed on adoption at 1 October 2009 will reverse over a four year period. Notes to the Financial Statements 109 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 7: Dividends Ordinary dividends1 Interim dividend Final dividend Bonus option plan adjustment Dividend on ordinary shares 1 Dividends are not accrued and are recorded when paid. Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 1,662 1,895 (66) 3,491 1,318 1,403 (54) 2,667 1,662 1,895 (66) 3,491 1,318 1,403 (54) 2,667 A fi nal dividend of 76 cents, fully franked, is proposed to be paid on 16 December 2011 on each eligible fully paid ordinary share (2010: fi nal dividend of 74 cents, paid 17 December 2010, fully franked). The 2011 interim dividend of 64 cents, paid 1 July 2011, was fully franked (2010: interim dividend of 52 cents, paid 1 July 2010, fully franked). The tax rate applicable to the franking credits attached to the 2011 interim dividend and to be attached to the proposed 2011 fi nal dividend is 30% (2010: 30%). Dividends paid in cash or satisfi ed by the issue of shares under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan during the years ended 30 September 2011 and 2010 were as follows: Paid in cash1 Satisfi ed by share issue2 Preference share dividend3 Euro trust securities4 Dividend on preference shares Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 2,124 1,367 3,491 2010 $m 1,660 1,007 2,667 Consolidated 2011 $m 12 12 2010 $m 11 11 2011 $m 2,124 1,367 3,491 2010 $m 1,660 1,007 2,667 The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – – Includes shares issued to participating shareholders under the dividend reinvestment plan. 1 Refers to cash paid to shareholders who did not elect to participate in the dividend reinvestment plan or the bonus option plan. 2 3 Dividends are not accrued and are recorded when paid. 4 Refer to note 28 for details. Dividend franking account The amount of franking credits available to the Company for the subsequent fi nancial year is $363 million (2010: $397 million) after adjusting for franking credits that will arise from the payment of tax on Australian profi ts for the 2011 fi nancial year, $857 million of franking credits which will be utilised in franking the proposed 2011 fi nal dividend and franking credits that may not be accessible by the Company at present. Restrictions which limit the payment of dividends There are presently no signifi cant restrictions on the payment of dividends from material controlled entities to the Company. Various capital adequacy, liquidity, foreign currency controls, statutory reserve and other prudential and legal requirements must be observed by certain controlled entities and the impact of these requirements on the payment of cash dividends is monitored. There are presently no signifi cant restrictions on the payment of dividends by the Company, although reductions in shareholders’ equity through the payment of cash dividends is monitored having regard to the following: There are regulatory and other legal requirements to maintain a specifi ed capital adequacy ratio. Further, APRA has advised that a bank under its supervision must consult with it before declaring 110 ANZ Annual Report 2011 a coupon payment or dividend on a Tier 1 or Upper Tier 2 instrument, if the bank proposes to pay coupons or dividends on Tier 1 or Upper Tier 2 instruments which exceed its after tax earnings or the level of current year profi ts (as defi ned by APRA from time to time). The Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) provides that the Company must not pay a dividend on any instrument unless (i) it has suffi cient net assets for the payment, (ii) the payment is fair and reasonable to the Company’s shareholders as a whole, and (iii) the payment does not materially prejudice the Company’s ability to pay its creditors. The Company may not pay a dividend if to do so would result in the Company becoming, or likely to become, insolvent or if APRA directs not to do so. If any dividend, interest or redemption payments or other distributions are not paid on the scheduled payment date, or shares or other qualifying Tier 1 securities are not issued on the applicable conversion or redemption dates, on the Group’s Euro Trust Securities, US Trust Securities, UK Stapled Securities or ANZ Convertible Preference Shares in accordance with their terms, the Group may be restricted from declaring or paying any dividends or other distributions on Tier 1 securities including ANZ ordinary shares and preference shares. This restriction is subject to a number of exceptions. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 7: Dividends (continued) Dividend Reinvestment Plan During the year ended 30 September 2011, 31,506,936 ordinary shares were issued at $22.60 per share and 30,178,811 ordinary shares at $21.69 per share to participating shareholders under the dividend reinvestment plan (2010: 22,970,973 ordinary shares at $21.75 per share, and 23,779,667 ordinary shares at $21.32 per share). All eligible shareholders can elect to participate in the dividend reinvestment plan. For the 2011 fi nal dividend, a discount of 1.5% will be applied when calculating the ‘Acquisition Price’ used in determining the number of ordinary shares to be provided under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan and Bonus Option Plan terms and conditions, and the ‘Pricing Period’ under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan and Bonus Option Plan terms and conditions will be the seven trading days commencing on 18 November 2011 (unless otherwise determined by the Directors and announced on the ASX). 8: Earnings per Ordinary Share Bonus Option Plan The amount paid in dividends during the year has been reduced as a result of certain eligible shareholders participating in the bonus option plan and foregoing all or part of their right to dividends. These shareholders were issued ordinary shares under the Bonus Option Plan. During the year ended 30 September 2011, 3,013,239 ordinary shares were issued under the Bonus Option Plan (2010: 2,481,103 ordinary shares). For the 2011 fi nal dividend, details of the discount that will be applied when calculating the ‘Acquisition Price’ and of the ‘Pricing Period’, in respect of the Bonus Option Plan are set out above in the section relating to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan. Basic earnings per share (cents) Earnings reconciliation ($millions) Profi t for the period Less: profi t attributable to non-controlling interests Less: preference share dividend paid Earnings used in calculating basic earnings per share Weighted average number of ordinary shares (net of Treasury shares) (millions) Diluted earnings per share (cents) Earnings reconciliation ($millions) Earnings used in calculating basic earnings per share Add: US Trust Securities interest expense Add: UK Stapled Securities interest expense Add: ANZ Convertible Preference Shares interest expense Earnings used in calculating diluted earnings per share Weighted average number of ordinary shares (net of Treasury shares) (millions) Used in calculating basic earnings per share Add: weighted average number of options/rights potentially convertible to ordinary shares weighted average number of convertible US Trust Securities weighted average number of convertible UK Stapled Securities weighted average number of ANZ Convertible Preference Shares Used in calculating diluted earnings per share Consolidated 2011 $m 208.2 5,363 8 12 2010 $m 178.9 4,505 4 11 5,343 2,565.9 4,490 2,509.3 198.8 5,343 28 46 168 5,585 2,565.9 4.5 41.6 38.9 158.7 2,809.6 174.6 4,490 35 51 134 4,710 2,509.3 4.8 37.2 32.8 112.9 2,697.0 The weighted average number of converted and lapsed options, weighted with reference to the date of conversion or lapse, and included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share is approximately 1 million (2010: approximately 1 million). Notes to the Financial Statements 111 Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 2,805 12,769 3,377 5,948 24,899 23,400 1,499 24,899 2010 $m 2,793 4,473 4,152 7,527 18,945 15,748 3,197 18,945 2011 $m 958 11,539 2,149 5,909 20,555 19,072 1,483 20,555 2010 $m 1,082 3,825 3,613 7,527 16,047 13,342 2,705 16,047 Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 6,621 2,203 8,824 2010 $m 4,862 619 5,481 2011 $m 4,579 1,759 6,338 2010 $m 3,592 544 4,136 Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 115 31 146 4,505 13,448 – 17,975 35,928 36,074 2010 $m – 48 48 3,649 8,182 6,035 15,601 33,467 33,515 2011 $m 115 31 146 4,505 8,764 – 14,952 28,221 28,367 2010 $m – 26 26 3,647 5,195 6,035 13,402 28,279 28,305 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 9: Liquid Assets Coins, notes and cash at bank Money at call, bills receivable and remittances in transit Other banks’ certifi cates of deposit Securities purchased under agreements to resell in less than three months Total liquid assets Maturity analysis based on original term to maturity Less than three months More than three months Total liquid assets 10: Due from Other Financial Institutions Maturity analysis based on original term to maturity Less than three months More than three months Total due from other fi nancial institutions 11: Trading Securities Listed Local, semi-government and other government securities Other securities and equity securities Unlisted Commonwealth securities Local, semi-government and other government securities ANZ accepted bills1 Other securities and equity securities Total trading securities 1 In 2011 the Group ceased re-discounting Commercial Bill acceptances. 112 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 12: Derivative Financial Instruments Derivative fi nancial instruments are contracts whose value is derived from one or more underlying variables or indices, require little or no initial net investment and are settled at a future date. Derivatives include contracts traded on registered exchanges and contracts agreed between counterparties. The use of derivatives and their sale to customers as risk management products is an integral part of the Group’s trading and sales activities. Derivatives are also used to manage the Group’s own exposure to fl uctuations in exchange and interest rates as part of its asset and liability management activities. Derivative fi nancial instruments are subject to market and credit risk and these risks are managed in a consistent manner to risks arising on other fi nancial instruments. Balance sheet risk management The Group designates balance sheet risk management derivatives into hedging relationships in order to minimise income statement volatility. This volatility is created by diff erences in the timing of recognition of gains and losses between the derivative and the hedged item. Hedge accounting is not applied to all balance sheet risk management positions. Gains or losses from the change in fair value of balance sheet risk management derivatives that form part of an eff ective hedging relationship are recognised in the income statement based on the hedging relationship. Any ineff ectiveness is recognised in the income statement as ‘other income’ in the period in which it occurs. Types of derivative fi nancial instruments The Group transacts principally in foreign exchange, interest rate, commodity and credit derivative contracts. The principal types of derivative contracts include swaps, forwards, futures and options contracts and agreements, as detailed in the table below. Derivatives, except for those that are specifi cally designated as eff ective hedging instruments, are classifi ed as held for trading. The held for trading classifi cation includes two categories of derivative fi nancial instruments: those held as trading positions and those used in the Group’s balance sheet risk management activities. Trading positions Trading positions consist of both sales to customers and market making activities. Sales to customers include the structuring and marketing of derivative products to customers which enable them to manage their own risks. Market making activities consist of derivatives entered into principally for the purpose of generating profi ts from short-term fl uctuations in price or margins. Positions may be traded actively or held over a period of time to benefi t from expected changes in market rates. Gains or losses, including any current period interest, from the change in fair value of trading positions are recognised in the income statement as ‘other income’ in the period in which they occur. Gains or losses, excluding any current period interest, from the change in fair value of balance sheet risk management positions that are not designated into hedging relationships are recognised in the income statement as ‘other income’ in the period in which they occur. Current period interest is included in interest income and expense. The tables on the following pages provide an overview of the Group’s and the Company’s foreign exchange, interest rate, commodity and credit derivatives. They include all trading and balance sheet risk management contracts. Notional principal amounts measure the amount of the underlying physical or fi nancial commodity and represent the volume of outstanding transactions. They are not a measure of the risk associated with a derivative. The derivative instruments become favourable (assets) or unfavourable (liabilities) as a result of fl uctuations in market rates relative to their terms. The aggregate notional amount of derivative fi nancial instruments on hand, the extent to which instruments are favourable or unfavourable, and as a consequence the aggregate fair values of derivative fi nancial assets and liabilities, can fl uctuate signifi cantly from time to time. The fair values of derivative instruments held and their notional principal amounts are set out below. Notes to the Financial Statements 113 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 12: Derivative Financial Instruments (continued) Trading Fair value Fair Value Hedging Cash fl ow Total fair value of derivatives Net investment Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Notional Principal Amount $m 328,740 223,074 886 57,053 60,182 10,657 15,536 812 1,318 – (8,940) (16,034) (949) – (1,290) – 289 – – – 289 – (114) – – – (114) 669,935 28,323 (27,213) 25,916 1,885 (1,386) – – 155,215 1,478,261 86,253 43,926 40,221 34 22,621 1,029 611 – (29) (22,356) (1,011) – (765) 1,803,876 24,295 (24,161) – 1,525 – – – 1,525 – (417) – – – (417) 8,976 15,641 24,617 8,475 14,867 23,342 47,959 609 781 1,390 – 24 24 – (29) (29) (788) (556) (1,344) 1,414 (1,373) – (4,523) 5,202 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 893 3 – – 897 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (1) (612) (13) – – (626) – – – – – – – – 1 12 – – – 13 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 10,658 15,837 812 1,318 – (8,940) (16,148) (949) – (1,290) 28,625 (27,327) 1,885 (1,386) 35 25,039 1,032 611 – (30) (23,385) (1,024) – (765) 26,717 (25,204) 609 781 1,390 – 24 24 – (29) (29) (788) (556) (1,344) 1,414 (1,373) (4,523) 5,202 54,118 (50,088) 2,547,686 51,394 (48,931) 1,814 (531) 897 (626) 13 Consolidated at 30 September 2011 Foreign exchange contracts Spot and forward contracts Swap agreements Futures contracts Options purchased Options sold Commodity contracts Derivative contracts Interest rate contracts Forward rate agreements Swap agreements Futures contracts Options purchased Options sold Credit default swaps Structured credit derivatives purchased1 Other credit derivatives purchased Total credit derivatives purchased Structured credit derivatives sold Other credit derivatives sold Total credit derivatives sold Collateral Total 1 Inclusive of credit valuation adjustment. 114 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 12: Derivative Financial Instruments (continued) Trading Fair value Fair Value Hedging Cash fl ow Total fair value of derivatives Net investment Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Consolidated at 30 September 2010 Foreign exchange contracts Spot and forward contracts Swap agreements Futures contracts Options purchased Options sold Commodity contracts Derivative contracts Interest rate contracts Forward rate agreements Swap agreements Futures contracts Options purchased Options sold Credit default swaps Structured credit derivatives purchased1 Other credit derivatives purchased Total credit derivatives purchased Structured credit derivatives sold Other credit derivatives sold Total credit derivatives sold Collateral Total 1 Inclusive of credit valuation adjustment. Notional Principal Amount $m 244,322 210,038 739 7,594 12,701 475,394 5,616 10,843 93 323 – (7,304) (15,455) (148) – (343) 16,875 (23,250) – 375 – – – 375 – (140) – – – (140) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 20,995 1,381 (1,409) – – 108,534 1,159,637 148,600 37,497 32,292 17 16,984 1,576 268 – (15) (16,654) (1,595) – (329) 1,486,560 18,845 (18,593) – 1,535 – – – 1,535 – (486) – – – (486) 1 507 8 – – 516 – (491) (17) – – (508) 10,213 14,326 24,539 8,697 11,500 20,197 44,736 449 111 560 – 112 112 672 – (126) (126) (624) (99) (723) (849) – (2,544) 8,018 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 164 – – – 166 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2,027,685 35,229 (36,083) 1,910 (626) 516 (508) 166 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5,618 11,382 93 323 – (7,304) (15,595) (148) – (343) 17,416 (23,390) 1,381 (1,409) 18 19,026 1,584 268 – (15) (17,631) (1,612) – (329) 20,896 (19,587) 449 111 560 – 112 112 672 – (126) (126) (624) (99) (723) (849) (2,544) 8,018 37,821 (37,217) Notes to the Financial Statements 115 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 12: Derivative Financial Instruments (continued) The Company at 30 September 2011 Foreign exchange contracts Spot and forward contracts Swap agreements Futures contracts Options purchased Options sold Commodity contracts Derivative contracts Interest rate contracts Forward rate agreements Swap agreements Futures contracts Options purchased Options sold Notional Principal Amount $m 326,868 196,031 886 57,706 60,790 9,748 14,758 812 1,299 – (8,718) (14,375) (949) – (1,267) – 286 – – – 286 – (114) – – – (114) 642,281 26,617 (25,309) 25,874 1,881 (1,382) – – 98,700 1,125,305 65,610 41,321 37,238 24 17,889 1,015 598 – (20) (18,119) (1,004) – (745) 1,368,174 19,526 (19,888) – 1,304 – – – 1,304 – (117) – – – (117) Trading Fair value Fair Value Hedging Cash fl ow Total fair value of derivatives Net investment Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m – – – – – – – 1 677 3 – – 681 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (1) (557) (6) – – (564) – – – – – – – – – 12 – – – 12 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 9,748 – 15,056 812 – 1,299 – – – (8,718) (14,489) (949) – (1,267) – 26,915 (25,423) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,881 (1,382) 25 19,870 1,018 598 – (21) (18,793) (1,010) – (745) 21,511 (20,569) 609 781 1,390 – 24 24 – (29) (29) (788) (556) (1,344) 1,414 (1,373) (3,365) 48,356 4,460 (44,287) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,590 (231) 681 (564) 12 Credit default swaps Structured credit derivatives purchased1 Other credit derivatives purchased Total credit derivatives purchased Structured credit derivatives sold Other credit derivatives sold Total credit derivatives sold Collateral Total 1 Inclusive of credit valuation adjustment. 8,976 15,641 24,617 8,475 14,867 23,342 609 781 1,390 – 24 24 – (29) (29) (788) (556) (1,344) 47,959 1,414 (1,373) – 2,084,288 (3,365) 46,073 4,460 (43,492) 116 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Trading Fair value Fair Value Hedging Cash fl ow Total fair value of derivatives Net investment Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m Assets $m Liabilities $m NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 12: Derivative Financial Instruments (continued) The Company at 30 September 2010 Foreign exchange contracts Spot and forward contracts Swap agreements Futures contracts Options purchased Options sold Commodity contracts Derivative contracts Interest rate contracts Forward rate agreements Swap agreements Futures contracts Options purchased Options sold Credit default swaps Structured credit derivatives purchased1 Other credit derivatives purchased Total credit derivatives purchased Structured credit derivatives sold Other credit derivatives sold Total credit derivatives sold Notional Principal Amount $m 276,490 202,757 739 7,435 12,909 5,747 11,780 93 319 – (7,032) (16,904) (148) – (332) – 373 – – – 373 – (140) – – – (140) 500,330 17,939 (24,416) 20,969 1,381 (1,409) – – 80,014 943,720 124,457 37,247 30,428 13 12,509 1,574 258 – (11) (12,434) (1,579) – (323) 1,215,866 14,354 (14,347) – 1,233 – – – 1,233 – (119) – – – (119) 10,213 14,321 24,534 8,697 11,500 20,197 44,731 449 111 560 – 112 112 672 – (126) (126) (624) (99) (723) (849) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 334 8 – – 343 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (432) (7) – – (439) – – – – – – – – 164 – – – 164 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5,747 12,317 93 319 – (7,032) (17,044) (148) – (332) 18,476 (24,556) 1,381 (1,409) 14 14,076 1,582 258 – (11) (12,985) (1,586) – (323) 15,930 (14,905) 449 111 560 – 112 112 672 – (126) (126) (624) (99) (723) (849) (2,268) 34,191 7,072 (34,647) Collateral Total – 1,781,896 (2,268) 32,078 7,072 (33,949) – 1,606 – (259) – 343 – (439) – 164 1 Inclusive of credit valuation adjustment. Notes to the Financial Statements 117 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 12: Derivative Financial Instruments (continued) Hedging relationships There are three types of hedging relationships: fair value hedges, cash fl ow hedges and hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation. Each type of hedging has specifi c requirements when accounting for the fair value changes in the hedging relationship. For details on the accounting treatment of each type of hedging relationship refer to note 1. Fair value hedges The risk being hedged in a fair value hedge is a change in the fair value of an asset or liability or unrecognised fi rm commitment that may aff ect the income statement. Changes in fair value might arise through changes in interest rates or foreign exchange rates. The Group’s fair value hedges principally consist of interest rate swaps and foreign currency swaps that are used to protect against changes in the fair value of fi xed-rate long-term fi nancial instruments due to movements in market interest rates and exchange rates. The application of fair value hedge accounting results in the fair value adjustment on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk being recognised in the income statement at the same time the hedging instrument impacts the income statement. If a hedging relationship is terminated, the fair value adjustment to the hedged item continues to be recognised as part of the carrying amount of the item or group of items and is amortised to the income statement as a part of the eff ective yield over the period to maturity. Where the hedged item is derecognised from the Group’s balance sheet, the fair value adjustment is included in the income statement as ‘other income’ as a part of the gain or loss on disposal. Gain/(loss) arising from fair value hedges Hedged item (attributable to the hedged risk only) Hedging instrument Consolidated The Company 2011 $m (15) 19 2010 $m (662) 668 2011 $m (43) 43 2010 $m (291) 299 Cash fl ow hedges The risk being hedged in a cash fl ow hedge is the potential variability in future cash fl ows that may aff ect the income statement. Variability in the future cash fl ows may result from changes in interest rates or exchange rates aff ecting recognised fi nancial assets and liabilities and highly probable forecast transactions. The Group’s cash fl ow hedges consist principally of interest rate swaps, forward rate agreements and foreign currency swaps that are used to protect against exposures to variability in future cash fl ows on non-trading assets and liabilities which bear interest at variable rates or which are expected to be refunded or reinvested in the future. The Group primarily applies cash fl ow hedge accounting to its variable rate loan assets, variable rate liabilities and short-term re-issuances of fi xed rate customer and wholesale deposit liabilities. The amounts and timing of future cash fl ows, representing both principal and interest fl ows, are projected for each portfolio of fi nancial assets and liabilities on the basis of their forecast repricing profi le. This forms the basis for identifying gains and losses on the eff ective portions of derivatives designated as cash fl ow hedges. The eff ective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives qualifying and designated as cash fl ow hedges is deferred to the hedging reserve which forms part of shareholders’ equity. Amounts deferred in equity are recognised in the income statement in the period during which the hedged forecast transactions take place. The ineff ective portion of a designated cashfl ow hedge relationship is recognised immediately in the income statement. The schedule below shows the movements in the hedging reserve: Balance at start of year Items recorded in net interest income Tax eff ect of items recorded in the income statement Valuation gain taken to other comprehensive income Tax eff ect of net gain on cash fl ow hedges Closing balance Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 11 (9) 3 230 (66) 169 2010 $m (90) (54) 21 187 (53) 11 2011 $m (73) (12) 4 183 (55) 47 2010 $m (109) (69) 21 121 (37) (73) The table below shows the breakdown of the hedging reserve attributable to each type of cash fl ow hedging relationship: Variable rate assets Variable rate liabilities Re-issuances of short-term fi xed rate liabilities Total hedging reserve 118 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 614 (188) (257) 169 2010 $m 265 (106) (148) 11 2011 $m 445 (163) (235) 47 2010 $m 65 (70) (68) (73) NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 12: Derivative Financial Instruments (continued) The mechanics of a cashfl ow hedge results in the gain (or loss) in the hedging reserve being released into the income statement at the same time that the corresponding loss (or gain) attributable to the hedged item impacts the income statement. It will not necessarily be released to the income statement uniformly over the period of the hedging relationship as the fair value of the derivative is driven by changes in market rates over the term of the instrument. As market rates do not always move uniformly across all time periods, a change in market rates may drive more value in one forecast period than another, which impacts when the hedging reserve balance is released to the income statement. All underlying hedged cash fl ows are expected to be recognised in the income statement in the period in which they occur which is anticipated to take place over the next 0 –10 years (2010: 0–10 years). All gains and losses associated with the ineff ective portion of the hedging derivatives are recognised immediately as ‘other income’ in the income statement. Ineff ectiveness recognised in the income statement in respect of cash fl ow hedges amounted to a $9 million loss for the Group (2010: nil) and a $9 million loss for the Company (2010: $1 million loss). Hedges of net investments in foreign operations In a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, the risk being hedged is the exposure to exchange rate diff erences arising on consolidation of foreign operations with a functional currency other than the Australian Dollar. Hedging is undertaken using foreign exchange derivative contracts or by fi nancing with borrowings in the same currency as the foreign functional currency involved. Ineff ectiveness arising from hedges of net investments in foreign operations and recognised as ‘other income’ in the income statement amounted to $3 million gain (2010: $1 million gain). 13: Available-for-sale Assets Listed Other government securities Other securities and equity investments Total Listed Unlisted Local and semi-government securities Other government securities Other securities and equity investments Loans and advances Total unlisted Total available-for-sale assets Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 2,223 3,065 5,288 4,219 7,517 4,885 355 16,976 22,264 2010 $m 3,501 2,040 5,541 3,621 5,217 5,908 455 15,201 20,742 2011 $m 1,755 2,791 4,546 2,946 6,657 4,513 355 14,471 19,017 2010 $m 3,127 1,715 4,842 3,552 3,705 4,419 455 12,131 16,973 An impairment loss of $78 million was recognised in the Income Statement (2010: $21 million). This includes impairment of $37 million (2010: $21 million) on assets previously reclassifi ed from available-for-sale into loans and advances at amortised cost (refer note 16) and impairment on Sacombank of $35 million. In May 2011, the Group reclassifi ed syndicated loans of $236 million from available-for-sale into loans and advances measured at amortised cost as it is now the Group’s intention to hold these assets for the foreseeable future. The available-for-sale reserve at that date was insignifi cant. Available-for-sale by maturities at 30 September 2011 Local and semi government securities Other government securities Other securities and equity investments Loans and advances Total available-for-sale assets Available-for-sale by maturities at 30 September 2010 Local and semi government securities Other government securities Other securities and equity investments Loans and advances Total available-for-sale assets Less than 3 months $m 3,397 7,471 2,491 – 13,359 Less than 3 months $m 3,113 5,075 3,202 – 11,390 Between 3 and 12 months $m Between 1 and 5 years $m Between 5 and 10 years $m After 10 years $m No maturity specifi ed $m 764 1,551 2,256 – 4,571 24 628 1,634 100 2,386 2 31 298 255 586 32 59 736 – 827 – – 535 – 535 Between 3 and 12 months $m Between 1 and 5 years $m Between 5 and 10 years $m After 10 years $m No maturity specifi ed $m 448 2,605 1,994 99 5,146 42 1,027 1,897 98 3,064 4 8 203 – 215 14 3 163 258 438 – – 489 – 489 Total fair value $m 4,219 9,740 7,950 355 22,264 Total fair value $m 3,621 8,718 7,948 455 20,742 Notes to the Financial Statements 119 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 14: Net Loans and Advances Overdrafts Credit card outstandings Term loans – housing Term loans – non-housing Hire purchase Lease receivables Commercial bills1 Other Total gross loans and advances Less: Provision for credit impairment (refer note 16) Less: Unearned income Add: Capitalised brokerage/mortgage origination fees Net loans and advances Lease receivables a) Finance lease receivables Gross fi nance lease receivables Less than 1 year 1 to 5 years Later than 5 years Less: unearned future fi nance income on fi nance leases Net investment in fi nance lease receivables b) Operating lease receivables Gross operating lease receivables Less than 1 year 1 to 5 years Later than 5 years Total operating lease receivables Net lease receivables Present value of net investment in fi nance lease receivables Less than 1 year 1 to 5 years Later than 5 years Hire purchase receivables Less than 1 year 1 to 5 years Later than 5 years Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 8,133 11,189 215,382 136,388 9,968 2,084 18,334 1,319 402,797 (4,873) (2,216) 629 (6,460) 2010 $m 8,671 10,618 202,658 122,584 10,351 1,891 432 1,382 358,587 (5,028) (2,262) 600 (6,690) 2011 $m 6,626 9,662 179,992 101,767 9,481 1,452 18,228 1,083 328,291 (3,646) (1,961) 602 (5,005) 2010 $m 6,323 9,107 167,931 89,436 9,973 1,228 432 1,108 285,538 (3,659) (2,006) 566 (5,099) 396,337 351,897 323,286 280,439 507 838 260 (84) 1,521 71 408 – 479 478 822 314 (107) 1,507 60 207 10 277 395 576 39 (59) 951 58 384 – 442 381 527 95 (83) 920 50 165 10 225 2,000 1,784 1,393 1,145 491 791 239 458 770 279 1,521 1,507 3,310 6,577 81 9,968 3,618 6,665 68 10,351 389 527 35 951 3,132 6,268 81 9,481 371 467 82 920 3,456 6,449 68 9,973 1 In 2011 the Group ceased re-discounting Commercial bill acceptances. This has impacted balance sheet classifications as there is no intention to trade the Commercial bills as negotiable instruments. 120 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 15: Impaired Financial Assets Presented below is a summary of impaired fi nancial assets that are measured on the balance sheet at amortised cost. For these items, impairment losses are recorded through the provision for credit impairment. This contrasts to fi nancial assets carried on the balance sheet at fair value, for which any impairment loss is recognised as a component of the overall fair value. Detailed information on impaired fi nancial assets is provided in note 33 Financial Risk Management. Summary of impaired fi nancial assets Impaired loans Restructured items1 Non-performing commitments and contingencies Gross impaired fi nancial assets Individual provisions Impaired loans Non-performing commitments and contingencies Net impaired fi nancial assets Accruing loans past due 90 days or more2 These amounts are not classifi ed as impaired assets as they are either 90 days or more past due and well secured, or are portfolio managed facilities that can be held on an accrual basis for up to 180 days past due Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 4,650 700 231 5,581 (1,687) (10) 3,884 2010 $m 6,075 141 345 6,561 (1,849) (26) 4,686 2011 $m 3,037 684 211 3,932 (1,143) (6) 2,783 2010 $m 4,287 134 321 4,742 (1,253) (20) 3,469 1,834 1,555 1,510 1,229 1 Restructured items are facilities in which the original contractual terms have been modified for reasons related to the financial difficulties of the customer. Restructuring may consist of reduction 2 of interest, principal or other payments legally due, or an extension in maturity materially beyond those typically offered to new facilities with similar risk. Includes unsecured credit card and personal loans 90 day past due accounts which are allowed by APRA to be retained on a performing basis for up to 180 days past due amounting to $137 million (2010: $139 million) for the Group and $106 million (2010: $110 million) for the Company. 16: Provision for Credit Impairment Provision movement analysis New and increased provisions Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Provision releases Recoveries of amounts previously written off Individual provision charge Impairment on available-for-sale assets Collective provision charge/(credit) Charge to income statement Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 1,362 459 212 2,033 (613) 1,420 (227) 1,193 37 7 1,237 1,620 559 171 2,350 (437) 1,913 (143) 1,770 21 (4) 1,787 1,347 15 80 1,442 (402) 1,040 (203) 837 37 120 994 1,612 16 80 1,708 (254) 1,454 (111) 1,343 21 5 1,369 Notes to the Financial Statements 121 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 16: Provision for Credit Impairment (continued) Movement in provision for credit impairment by fi nancial asset class Consolidated Collective provision Balance at start of year Adjustment for exchange rate fl uctuations and transfers Provision acquired Charge/(credit) to income statement Total collective provision Individual provision Balance at start of year Charge/(credit) to income statement Adjustment for exchange rate fl uctuations and transfers Provision acquired Discount unwind Bad debts written off Recoveries of amounts previously written off Total individual provision Total provision for credit impairment Liquid assets and due from other fi nancial institutions 2011 $m 2010 $m Net loans and advances and acceptances 2011 $m 2010 $m Other fi nancial assets 2011 $m 2010 $m Credit related commitments1 2011 $m 2010 $m Total provisions 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2,577 2,552 13 – 14 (68) 97 (4) 2,604 2,577 1,849 1,209 1,512 1,758 8 – (185) (1,421) 227 1,687 4,291 (100) 394 (165) (1,693) 143 1,849 4,426 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 576 448 3,153 3,000 3 – (7) 572 26 (16) – – – – – 10 582 (15) 143 – 576 16 – 7 (83) 240 (4) 3,176 3,153 14 12 1,875 1,193 1,526 1,770 – – – – – 26 602 8 – (185) (1,421) 227 1,697 4,873 (100) 394 (165) (1,693) 143 1,875 5,028 1 Comprises undrawn facilities and customer contingent liabilities. The table below contains a detailed analysis of the movements in individual provision for net loans and advances and acceptances. Australia APEA Institutional New Zealand Other Less: Institutional APEA Net loans and advances and acceptances Consolidated Individual provision Balance at start of year Charge/(credit) to income statement Provisions acquired/disposed Adjustment for exchange rate fl uctuations Discount unwind Bad debts written off Recoveries of amounts previously written off Total individual provision 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 459 668 – – (26) (615) 79 403 579 55 – (22) (640) 84 429 91 – (4) (3) (159) 34 565 459 388 75 132 339 (59) (5) (73) 20 429 631 198 – 14 (98) (383) 94 701 772 59 (54) (97) (780) 30 435 258 – 12 (61) (263) 17 350 356 – (30) (46) (211) 16 456 631 398 435 25 30 – (8) – (24) 4 27 22 (24) – 35 – (3) (5) (130) (36) – (6) 3 23 (1) (39) 1,849 1,512 (57) 1,209 1,758 – (59) 394 (100) 8 8 (165) (185) 5 14 (1,421) (1,693) 143 227 (2) 25 (147) (130) 1,687 1,849 Ratios (as a percentage of total gross loans, advances and acceptances) Individual provision Collective provision Bad debts written off Consolidated 2011 % 0.4 0.8 0.4 2010 % 0.5 0.9 0.5 122 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 16: Provision for Credit Impairment (continued) Movement in provision for credit impairment by fi nancial asset class (continued) The Company Collective provision Balance at start of year Adjustment for exchange rate fl uctuations and transfers Provision acquired Charge/(credit) to income statement Total collective provision Individual provision Balance at start of year Charge/(credit) to income statement Adjustment for exchange rate fl uctuations and transfers Provision acquired Discount unwind Bad debts written off Recoveries of amounts previously written off Total individual provision Total provision for credit impairment Liquid assets and due from other fi nancial institutions 2011 $m 2010 $m Net loans and advances and acceptances 2011 $m 2010 $m Other fi nancial assets 2011 $m 2010 $m Credit related commitments1 2011 $m 2010 $m Total provisions 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,950 1,886 (8) – 100 (24) 84 4 2,042 1,950 1,253 851 1,050 1,336 (3) – (123) (1,037) 203 1,144 3,186 (52) 333 (115) (1,410) 111 1,253 3,203 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 436 352 2,386 2,238 (2) – 20 (5) 88 1 (10) – 120 (29) 172 5 454 436 2,496 2,386 20 (14) 12 7 1,273 837 1,062 1,343 – – – – – 6 460 1 – – – – 20 456 (3) – (123) (1,037) 203 1,150 3,646 (51) 333 (115) (1,410) 111 1,273 3,659 1 Comprises undrawn facilities and customer contingent liabilities. Ratios (as a percentage of total gross loans, advances and acceptances) Individual provision Collective provision Bad debts written off The Company 2011 % 0.4 0.8 0.3 2010 % 0.4 0.8 0.5 Notes to the Financial Statements 123 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 17: Shares in Controlled Entities and Associates Total shares in controlled entities Total shares in associates1 (refer note 39) Total shares in controlled entities, associates and joint venture entities Consolidated The Company 2011 $m – 3,513 3,513 2010 $m – 2,965 2,965 2011 $m 9,098 971 2010 $m 9,189 1,035 10,069 10,224 1 Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting by the Group and are carried at cost by the Company. Disposal of controlled entities There were no material controlled entities disposed of during the year ended 30 September 2011 or the year ended 30 September 2010. Acquisition of controlled entities/businesses There were no material entities acquired during the year ended 30 September 2011. During the year ended 30 September 2010, the Group acquired the following entities/businesses: OnePath Australia and OnePath New Zealand (formerly ING Australia and ING New Zealand (ING)) On 30 November 2009, the Group acquired the remaining 51% shareholding in the ANZ-ING joint ventures in Australia and New Zealand, taking its ownership interest to 100%. The results for the year ended 30 September 2010 includes the fi nancial impact of full ownership since 30 November 2009. For the period 1 October 2009 to 30 November 2009 the investments were accounted for as joint ventures. Landmark Financial Services (Landmark) On 1 March 2010, the Group completed its acquisition of the Landmark fi nancial services business from the AWB Group. The fi nancial results since acquisition are included in earnings from this date. Selected Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc (RBS) businesses in Asia During 2009, ANZ announced the acquisition of selected RBS businesses in Asia. The acquisitions were completed in the Philippines on 21 November 2009, Vietnam on 5 December 2009, Hong Kong on 20 March 2010, Taiwan on 17 April 2010, Singapore on 15 May 2010 and Indonesia on 12 June 2010. The fi nancial impacts of these acquisitions are included from these respective dates. 124 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 18: Tax Assets Australia Current tax asset Deferred tax asset New Zealand Current tax asset Deferred tax asset Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Current tax asset Deferred tax asset Total current and deferred tax assets Total current tax assets Deferred tax assets recognised in profi t and loss Collective provision for loans and advances Individual provision for impaired loans and advances Other provisions Deferred fee income Provision for employee entitlements Policyholder tax assets1 Other Deferred tax assets recognised directly in equity Defi ned benefi ts obligation Available-for-sale revaluation reserve Cash fl ow hedges Deferred tax assets recognised on acquisitions Set-off of deferred tax assets pursuant to set-off provisions2 Net deferred tax assets Unrecognised deferred tax assets The following deferred tax assets will only be recognised if: assessable income is derived of a nature and an amount suffi cient to enable the benefi t to be realised the conditions for deductibility imposed by tax legislation are complied with; and no changes in tax legislation adversely aff ect the Group in realising the benefi t. Unused realised tax losses (on revenue account) Unrealised losses on investments3 Total unrecognised deferred tax assets Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 25 276 301 – 98 98 16 225 241 640 41 862 411 334 58 156 261 289 2010 $m 61 295 356 14 231 245 1 266 267 868 76 861 458 362 102 144 – 171 2011 $m 25 372 397 – 6 6 15 174 189 592 40 707 282 192 42 123 – 106 2010 $m 61 346 407 – 6 6 – 223 223 636 61 666 318 223 91 105 – 85 2,371 2,098 1,452 1,488 39 – – 39 – 49 12 – 61 351 20 – – 20 – 44 21 29 94 – (1,811) (1,718) 599 792 (920) 552 (1,007) 575 5 386 391 9 163 172 – – – – – – 1 Comparatives for 2010 are included in the deferred tax assets recognised on acquisitions. 2 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are set-off where they relate to income tax levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities within the same taxable group. 3 The Group has unrecognised deferred tax assets arising from superannuation funds in OnePath Life Limited. Notes to the Financial Statements 125 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 19: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill Gross carrying amount Balances at start of the year Additions through business combinations Foreign currency exchange diff erences Balance at end of year1 Software Gross carrying amount Balances at start of the year Additions through business combinations Additions from internal developments Other additions Foreign currency exchange diff erences Impairment Balance at end of year Accumulated amortisation and impairment Balances at start of the year Amortisation expense Foreign currency exchange diff erences Impairment Balance at end of year Net book value Balances at start of the year Balance at end of year Acquired portfolio of insurance and investment business Gross carrying amount Balances at start of the year Additions through business combination Foreign currency exchange diff erences Balance at end of year Accumulated amortisation and impairment Balances at start of the year Amortisation expense (refer note 4) Foreign currency exchange diff erences Balance at end of year Net book value Balances at start of the year Balance at end of year Other intangible assets Gross carrying amount Balance at start of the year Additions through business combinations Other additions Foreign currency exchange diff erences Impairment (refer note 4) Derecognised on disposal Balance at end of year Accumulated amortisation and impairment Balances at start of the year Amortisation expense2 (refer note 4) Balance at end of year Net book value Balances at start of the year Balance at end of year Goodwill, software and other intangible assets Net book value Balances at start of the year Balance at end of year Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 4,086 (5) 82 4,163 2,258 – 591 54 6 (59) 2,850 1,041 249 3 (15) 1,278 1,217 1,572 1,177 – 2 1,179 77 89 – 166 2,999 1,292 (205) 4,086 1,760 60 498 34 (8) (86) 2,258 911 207 (8) (69) 1,041 849 1,217 – 1,179 (2) 1,177 – 78 (1) 77 1,100 1,013 – 1,100 261 30 5 2 (13) (15) 270 34 20 54 227 216 65 181 19 (4) – – 261 17 17 34 48 227 102 (16) 1 87 2,019 – 517 32 – (15) 2,553 960 199 – (8) 1,151 1,059 1,402 – – – – – – – – – – 48 26 – – – – 74 11 8 19 37 55 – 108 (6) 102 1,573 – 435 31 (1) (19) 2,019 784 183 – (7) 960 789 1,059 – – – – – – – – – – 48 – – – – – 48 8 3 11 40 37 6,630 6,964 3,896 6,630 1,198 1,544 829 1,198 1 Excludes notional goodwill in equity accounted entities. 2 Comprises brand names $1 million (2010: $3 million), aligned advisor relationships $4 million (2010: $2 million), distribution agreements and management fee rights $4 million (2010: $2 million), credit card relationships $2 million (2010: $ nil) and other intangibles $9 million (2010: $10 million). The Company comprises distribution agreements and management fee rights $2 million (2010: $nil), card relationships $2 million (2010: $nil) and other intangibles $4 million (2010: $3 million). 126 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 19: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (continued) Goodwill allocated to cash–generating units The goodwill balance above largely comprises the goodwill purchased on acquisition of NBNZ Holdings Limited in December 2003 (included in the New Zealand division) and OnePath Australia Limited on 30 November 2009 (included in the Australia division). Discussion of the goodwill and impairment testing for the cash generating unit containing this goodwill is included in note 2(v). 20: Other Assets Accrued interest/prepaid discounts Accrued commissions Prepaid expenses Insurance contract liabilities ceded (refer to note 49) Outstanding premiums Issued securities settlements Operating leases residual value Capitalised expenses Regulatory deposits Other Total other assets 21: Premises and Equipment Freehold and leasehold land and buildings At cost Depreciation Leasehold improvements At cost Depreciation Furniture and equipment At cost Depreciation Computer equipment At cost Depreciation Capital works in progress At cost Total premises and equipment Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 1,323 163 124 427 267 2,235 290 12 1,505 1,555 7,901 2010 $m 1,279 283 128 360 231 1,649 229 14 1,056 1,786 7,015 Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m 1,187 (251) 936 518 (325) 193 1,283 (742) 541 1,177 (853) 324 131 2,125 1,244 (235) 1,009 485 (288) 197 1,241 (674) 567 1,080 (763) 317 68 2,158 2011 $m 999 112 74 – – 1,560 274 12 497 825 4,353 2010 $m 944 191 48 – – 1,496 205 14 616 788 4,302 The Company 2011 $m 696 (71) 625 314 (212) 102 1,041 (570) 471 851 (628) 223 81 1,502 2010 $m 699 (53) 646 295 (185) 110 1,011 (513) 498 789 (565) 224 30 1,508 Notes to the Financial Statements 127 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 21: Premises and Equipment (continued) Reconciliations of the carrying amounts for each class of premises and equipment are set out below: Freehold and leasehold land and buildings Carrying amount at beginning of year Additions through business combinations Additions1 Disposals Depreciation Foreign currency exchange diff erence Carrying amount at end of year Leasehold improvements Carrying amount at beginning of year Additions through business combinations Additions1 Disposals Amortisation Foreign currency exchange diff erence Carrying amount at end of year Furniture and equipment Carrying amount at beginning of year Additions through business combinations Additions1 Disposals Depreciation Foreign currency exchange diff erence Carrying amount at end of year Computer equipment Carrying amount at beginning of year Additions through business combinations Additions1 Disposals Depreciation Foreign currency exchange diff erence Carrying amount at end of year Capital works in progress Carrying amount at beginning of year Net transfers/additions Borrowing costs capitalised2 Carrying amount at end of year Total premises and equipment Includes transfers. 1 2 The capitalisation rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs capitalised is 5.3% (2010: 5.1%). 22: Deposits and Other Borrowings Certifi cates of deposit Term deposits Other deposits bearing interest and other borrowings Deposits not bearing interest Commercial paper Borrowing corporations debt1 Total deposits and other borrowings Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 1,009 – 30 (68) (40) 5 936 197 – 46 (2) (49) 1 193 567 – 72 (3) (97) 2 541 317 – 104 (1) (99) 3 324 68 63 – 131 2,125 410 15 631 – (37) (10) 1,009 156 39 48 – (42) (4) 197 356 18 303 (12) (91) (7) 567 231 13 168 (1) (90) (4) 317 909 (844) 3 68 646 – – (1) (20) – 625 110 – 22 – (30) – 102 498 – 57 (2) (81) (1) 471 224 – 64 – (67) 2 223 30 51 – 81 50 12 604 – (17) (3) 646 104 2 33 – (28) (1) 110 294 3 288 (11) (75) (1) 498 169 4 118 (1) (65) (1) 224 832 (805) 3 30 2,158 1,502 1,508 Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 55,554 153,200 132,812 11,334 14,333 1,496 2010 $m 39,530 135,467 111,391 10,598 11,641 1,756 2011 $m 53,904 123,625 113,182 5,974 10,569 – 2010 $m 37,059 108,703 94,999 5,677 6,080 – 368,729 310,383 307,254 252,518 1 Included in this balance is debenture stock of $0.2 billion (2010: $0.5 billion) of Esanda Finance Corporation Limited (Esanda), together with accrued interest thereon, which are secured by a trust deed and collateral debentures, giving floating charges upon the undertaking and all the assets of the entity of $0.6 billion (2010: $1.3 billion) other than land and buildings. All controlled entities of Esanda have guaranteed the payment of principal, interest and other monies in relation to all debenture stock and unsecured notes issued by Esanda. The only loans pledged as collateral are those in Esanda and its subsidiaries. Effective from 18 March 2009, Esanda ceased to write new debentures and since September 2009 stopped writing new loans. In addition, this balance also includes NZD 1.5 billion (2010: NZD 1.4 billion) of secured debenture stock of the consolidated subsidiary UDC Finance Limited (UDC) and the accrued interest thereon which are secured by a floating charge over all assets of UDC of NZD 2.0 billion (2010: NZD 2.1 billion). 128 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 23: Income Tax Liabilities Australia Current tax payable Deferred tax liabilities New Zealand Current tax payable Deferred tax liabilities Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Current tax payable Deferred tax liabilities Total current and deferred income tax liability Total current tax payable Deferred tax liabilities recognised in profi t and loss Acquired portfolio of insurance and investment business1 Insurance related deferred acquisition costs1 Lease fi nance Treasury instruments Capitalised expenses Other Deferred tax liabilities recognised directly in equity Cash fl ow hedges Foreign currency translation reserve Available-for-sale revaluation reserve Deferred tax liabilities recognised on acquisitions Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 1,007 – 1,007 3 – 3 118 28 146 1,156 1,128 303 79 229 317 76 699 2010 $m 905 – 905 – – – 68 35 103 1,008 973 – – 204 452 117 621 1,703 1,394 65 39 32 136 – 2 37 – 39 320 2011 $m 1,007 – 1,007 16 – 16 56 27 83 1,106 1,079 – – 90 319 79 435 923 22 – 2 24 – 2010 $m 923 – 923 – – – 64 39 103 1,026 987 – – 90 454 118 384 1,046 – – – – – Set-off of deferred tax liabilities pursuant to set-off provision2 (1,811) (1,718) Net deferred tax liability Unrecognised deferred tax liabilities The following deferred tax liabilities have not been bought to account as liabilities: Other unrealised taxable temporary diff erences3 Total unrecognised deferred tax liabilities 28 126 126 35 90 90 (920) 27 (1,007) 39 17 17 29 29 1 Comparatives for 2010 are included in the deferred tax liabilities recognised on acquisitions. 2 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are set-off where they relate to income tax levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities within the same taxable group. 3 Represents additional potential foreign tax costs should all retained earnings in offshore branches and subsidiaries be repatriated. 24: Payables and Other Liabilities Creditors Accrued interest and unearned discounts Defi ned benefi ts plan obligations Accrued charges Security settlements Other liabilities Total payables and other liabilities Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 896 2,735 148 1,413 2,026 3,033 10,251 2010 $m 1,114 2,611 186 1,511 710 1,983 8,115 2011 $m 308 2,212 82 1,127 1,219 2,060 7,008 2010 $m 394 2,090 167 1,160 635 1,396 5,842 Notes to the Financial Statements 129 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 25: Provisions Employee entitlements1 Restructuring costs and surplus leased space2 Non-lending losses, frauds and forgeries Other Total provisions Reconciliations of the carrying amounts of each class of provision, except for employee entitlements, are set out below: Restructuring costs and surplus leased space2 Carrying amount at beginning of the year Provisions made during the year Payments made during the year Transfer/(release) of provision Carrying amount at the end of the year Non-lending losses, frauds and forgeries Carrying amount at beginning of the year Additions through business combinations Provisions made during the year Payments made during the year Transfer/(release) of provision Carrying amount at the end of the year Other provisions3 Carrying amount at beginning of the year Additions through business combinations Provisions made during the year Payments made during the year Transfer/(release) of provision Carrying amount at the end of the year Consolidated 2011 $m 119 148 (125) (7) 135 188 – 53 (17) (19) 205 493 – 176 (159) (142) 368 2010 $m 144 34 (38) (21) 119 169 20 31 (41) 9 188 412 115 184 (169) (49) 493 Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 540 135 205 368 2010 $m 497 119 188 493 1,248 1,297 2011 $m 418 78 149 153 798 2010 $m 358 100 153 220 831 The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 100 23 (53) 8 78 153 – 27 (3) (28) 149 220 – 81 (34) (114) 153 124 24 (28) (20) 100 146 – 14 (2) (5) 153 154 – 125 (79) 20 220 1 The aggregate liability for employee entitlements largely comprises provisions for annual leave and long service leave. 2 Restructuring costs and surplus leased space provisions arise from exit activities related to material changes in the scope of business undertaken by the Group or the manner in which that business is undertaken and includes termination benefits. Costs relating to on-going activities are not provided for. Provision is made when the Group is demonstrably committed, it is probable that the costs will be incurred, though their timing is uncertain, and the costs can be reliably estimated. 3 Other provisions comprise various other provisions including loyalty programs, workers’ compensation, make-good provisions on leased premises and contingent liabilities recognised as part of a business combination. 26: Bonds and Notes Bonds and notes by currency United States dollars USD Great British pounds GBP Australian dollars AUD New Zealand dollars NZD Japanese Yen JPY Euro EUR Hong Kong dollars HKD Swiss francs CHF Canadian dollars CAD Norwegian krone NOK Singapore dollars SGD Chinese Yuan CNY Total bonds and notes 130 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 29,089 1,782 1,701 2,148 8,555 7,679 2,265 2,218 800 47 235 32 56,551 27,126 2,408 2,039 1,710 8,140 12,807 2,739 2,151 309 48 237 – 59,714 21,321 917 1,897 325 8,230 7,679 2,125 1,420 800 47 77 32 44,870 19,240 1,524 2,039 68 7,856 12,807 2,638 1,569 309 48 80 – 48,178 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 27: Loan Capital Hybrid loan capital (subordinated)1 US Trust Securities UK Stapled Securities ANZ Convertible Preference Shares (ANZ CPS)2 ANZ CPS1 ANZ CPS2 ANZ CPS3 Perpetual subordinated notes 300m USD 835m NZD fl oating rate notes fi xed rate notes4 Subordinated notes1,5 GBP USD AUD AUD GBP NZD AUD AUD AUD AUD GBP NZD NZD GBP AUD AUD AUD AUD EUR 200m 250m 300m 300m 250m 350m 350m 350m 100m 100m 175m 250m 350m 400m 290m 310m 365m 500m 750m fixed notes due 20156 fl oating rate notes due 20166 fixed notes due 20167 fl oating rate notes due 20166 fixed notes due 20167 fixed notes due 20168 fixed notes due 20176 fl oating rate notes due 20176 fixed notes due 20176 fl oating rate notes due 20176 fixed notes due 20176 fixed notes due 20178 fixed notes due 20178 fixed notes due 20187 fixed notes due 20177 fl oating rate notes due 20176 fl oating rate notes due 20186 fl oating rate notes due 20186 fixed notes due 2019 Total loan capital Loan capital by currency AUD NZD USD GBP EUR Australian dollars New Zealand dollars United States dollars Great British pounds Euro Interest Rate % 5.36 6.54 BBSW + 2.503 BBSW + 3.103 BBSW + 3.103 LIBOR + 0.15 9.66 5.625 LIBOR + 0.21 6.25 BBSW + 0.22 4.75 7.16 6.50 BBSW + 0.24 7.30 BBSW + 0.40 6.375 7.60 8.23 4.75 7.75 BBSW + 0.75 BBSW + 1.20 BBSW + 2.05 5.125 Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 835 720 1,075 1,954 1,322 5,906 308 656 964 – 257 – – – – 342 347 100 100 292 195 275 638 289 310 359 500 1,119 5,123 2010 $m 862 734 1,072 1,949 – 4,617 310 636 946 329 258 297 290 420 262 314 347 100 100 312 190 266 680 259 310 357 500 1,126 6,717 2011 $m 768 720 1,075 1,954 1,322 5,839 308 – 308 – 257 – – – – 350 350 100 100 292 – – 638 289 310 365 500 1,119 4,670 11,993 12,280 10,817 6,698 1,126 1,400 1,650 1,119 5,895 1,354 1,430 2,475 1,126 6,715 – 1,333 1,650 1,119 2010 $m 772 734 1,072 1,949 – 4,527 310 – 310 329 258 300 300 420 – 350 350 100 100 312 – – 680 290 310 365 500 1,126 6,090 10,927 5,986 – 1,340 2,475 1,126 1 Included within the carrying amount are, where appropriate, revaluations associated with fair value hedge accounting or an election to fair value the note through the income statement, and capitalised borrowing costs. 2 Fully franked preference share dividends recognised as interest expense paid during the year ended 30 September 2011: 11,993 12,280 10,817 10,927 Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 57 111 – 2010 $m 51 78 – 2011 $m 57 111 – 2010 $m 51 78 – ANZ CPS1 ANZ CPS2a ANZ CPS3b a ANZ CPS2 were issued on 17 December 2009. The first dividend payment was made on 15 March 2010. b ANZ CPS3 were issued on 28 September 2011. The first dividend payment is due on 1 March 2012. 3 Represents the interest rate grossed up for the franking credits paid or payable. 4 Fixed until the first call date, 18 April 2013, whereupon the rate resets to the five year swap rate +2.00% if not called and remains fixed until the next call date, 18 April 2018 whereupon, if not called, reverts to floating rate at the three month FRA rate +3.00% and is callable on any interest payment date thereafter. 5 Loan capital balances held in subsidiary entities eliminated in consolidated accounts. 6 Callable five years prior to maturity. 7 Callable five years prior to maturity and reverts to floating rate if not called. 8 Callable five years prior to maturity. Should the bonds not be called, the coupon rate will be reset to the five year swap rate plus issue margin plus 0.50%. Notes to the Financial Statements 131 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 27: Loan Capital (continued) Loan capital is subordinated in right of payment to the claims of depositors and all other creditors of the Company and its controlled entities which have issued the notes. The loan capital, except for the US Trust Securities, UK Stapled Securities and each of the ANZ CPS, constitutes Tier 2 capital as defi ned by APRA for capital adequacy purposes. The US Trust Securities constitute Innovative Residual Tier 1 capital, as defi ned by APRA, for capital adequacy purposes. The UK Stapled Securities and each of the ANZ CPS constitute Non-innovative Residual Tier 1 capital, as defi ned by APRA, for capital adequacy purposes. US TRUST SECURITIES On 27 November 2003, the Company issued 750,000 USD non-cumulative Trust Securities (‘US Trust Securities’) at USD1,000 each pursuant to an off ering memorandum dated 19 November 2003 raising USD750 million. US Trust Securities comprise two fully paid securities – an interest paying unsecured note (issued by Samson Funding Limited, a wholly owned New Zealand subsidiary of the Company) and a fully paid USD1,000 preference share (issued by the Company), which are stapled together and issued as a US Trust Security by ANZ Capital Trust II (the ‘Trust’). Investors have the option to redeem the US Trust Security from the Trust and hold the underlying stapled security. The US Trust Securities were issued in global form and are registered in the name of Cede & Co as the sole holder. The fully paid preference shares and the unsecured notes that form part of the US Trust Securities are registered in the name of The Bank of New York (Delaware) (as trustee of ANZ Capital Trust II) as the sole holder. Distributions on US Trust Securities are non-cumulative and are payable half yearly in arrears at a fi xed rate of 5.36% (until redeemed or converted into ANZ ordinary shares) and are funded by payments received by the Trust on the underlying note. Distributions are subject to certain payment tests (i.e. APRA requirements and distributable profi ts being available). Distributions are expected to be payable on 15 June and 15 December of each year. Dividends are not payable on the preference share while it is stapled to the note. If distributions are not paid on the US Trust Securities, the Group may not pay dividends or distributions, or return capital, on ANZ ordinary shares or any other share capital or security ranking equal or junior to the preference share component (subject to certain exceptions). After 15 December 2013 and at any coupon date thereafter, ANZ has the discretion to redeem the US Trust Securities for cash. If it does not exercise this discretion, the investor is entitled to require ANZ to exchange the US Trust Security into a number of ANZ ordinary shares based on the formula in the off ering memorandum at a 5% discount. At any time at the Company’s discretion or upon the occurrence of certain other ‘conversion events’, such as the failure of the Trust to pay in full a distribution within seven business days of the relevant distribution payment date, the notes that are represented by the US Trust Securities will be automatically assigned to a subsidiary of the Company and the preference shares that are represented by the US Trust Securities will be distributed to investors in redemption of such US Trust Securities. The distributed preference shares will immediately become dividend paying and holders will receive non-cumulative dividends equivalent to the scheduled payments in respect of the US Trust Securities. If the US Trust Securities are not redeemed or bought back prior to the 15 December 2053, they will be converted into preference shares, which in turn will be mandatorily converted into a variable number of ANZ ordinary shares based upon the formula in the off ering memorandum. 132 ANZ Annual Report 2011 The preference shares forming part of the US Trust Securities rank equally with each of the ANZ CPS and the preference shares issued in connection with the UK Stapled Securities and Euro Trust Securities in all respects. The preference shares forming part of the US Trust Securities confer voting rights in the Company in the following limited circumstances: any proposal to reduce the Company’s share capital; on a proposal that aff ects rights attached to the preference shares; any resolution to approve the terms of a share buy-back agreement: any proposal for the disposal of the whole of the Company’s property, business and undertaking; on any proposal to wind up the Company and any matter during the Company’s winding up, and on all matters on which the holders of ANZ ordinary shares are entitled to vote during a special voting period. A “special voting period” is a period from any dividend payment date where preference shares dividends are not paid in full in respect of the immediately preceding semi-annual dividend period or the 24th business day after the failure of Samson Funding Limited to make an interest payment in full on the notes that form part of the US Trust Securities and the Company does not make the payment pursuant to the relevant guarantee or pay an optional dividend on the preference shares within a prescribed time period. On a resolution or proposal on which a preference share holder is entitled to vote, the holder has on a poll one vote per preference share held. If the US Trust Securities are converted into ANZ ordinary shares in accordance with their terms of issue, the voting rights of the ANZ ordinary shares will be as set out on page 220. On winding up of the Company, the rights of US Trust Security holders will be determined by the preference share component of US Trust Security. These preference shares rank behind all depositors and creditors, but ahead of ordinary shareholders. UK STAPLED SECURITIES On 15 June 2007, the Company issued 9,000 non-cumulative, mandatory convertible stapled securities (‘UK Stapled Securities’) at £50,000 each pursuant to a prospectus dated 12 June 2007 raising £450 million. UK Stapled Securities comprise two fully paid securities – an interest paying unsecured subordinated £50,000 note issued by the Company through its New York Branch and a £50,000 preference share issued by the Company, which are stapled together. The fully paid preference shares and the subordinated notes issued by the Company that constitute the UK Stapled Securities were issued in global form and are registered in the name of BT Globenet Nominees Limited as the sole holder. Distributions on UK Stapled Securities are non-cumulative and are payable half yearly in arrears at a fi xed rate of 6.54% (until converted into ANZ ordinary shares or the rate is reset as provided in the prospectus). Distributions are subject to certain payment tests (including APRA requirements and distributable profi ts being available). Distributions are expected to be payable on 15 June and 15 December of each year. Dividends are not payable on a preference share while it is stapled to a note. If distributions are not paid on UK Stapled Securities, the Group may not pay dividends or distributions, or return capital, on ANZ ordinary shares or any other share capital or security ranking equal or junior to the preference share component (subject to certain exceptions). NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 27: Loan Capital (continued) At any time at the Company’s discretion or upon the occurrence of certain other events, such as the commencement of proceedings for the winding up of the Company, the note component of the UK Stapled Security will be assigned to the Company and the holder will retain only the preference share component of the UK Stapled Security. On 15 June 2012 (‘conversion date’), or an earlier date under certain circumstances, UK Stapled Securities will mandatorily convert into a variable number of ANZ ordinary shares determined in accordance with the formula in the prospectus at a 5% discount. The mandatory conversion to ANZ ordinary shares is however deferred for fi ve years if the conversion tests set out in the prospectus are not met. The preference shares forming part of the UK Stapled Securities rank equally with each of the ANZ CPS and the preference shares issued in connection with US Trust Securities and Euro Trust Securities. The preference shares forming part of the UK Stapled Securities confer voting rights in the Company in the following limited circumstances: any proposal to reduce the Company’s share capital, other than a resolution to approve a redemption; on a proposal that aff ects rights attached to the preference shares; any resolution to approve the terms of a share buy-back agreement, other than a resolution to approve the redemption of preference shares; any proposal for the disposal of the whole of the Company’s property, business and undertaking; on any proposal to wind up the Company and any matter during the Company’s winding-up; and on all matters on which the holders of ANZ ordinary shares are entitled to vote during a special voting period. A “special voting period” is the period from the date preference share dividends are not paid in full in respect of the immediately preceding semi-annual dividend period or the date on which the Company’s New York branch fails to make an interest payment in full on the subordinated notes to the dates prescribed in the terms of issue. On a resolution or proposal on which a preference share holder is entitled to vote, the holder has on a show of hands one vote, and on a poll one vote per preference share held. If the UK Stapled Securities are converted into ANZ ordinary shares in accordance with their terms of issue, the voting rights of the ANZ ordinary shares will be as set out on page 220. As noted above, in a winding up of the Company, the note component of the UK Stapled Security will be assigned to the Company and the holder will retain only the preference share component of the UK Stapled Security. Accordingly, the rights of investors in UK Stapled Securities in a winding up of the Company are the rights conferred by the preference share component of UK Stapled Securities. These preference shares rank behind all depositors and creditors, but ahead of ordinary shareholders. ANZ CONVERTIBLE PREFERENCE SHARES (ANZ CPS) On 30 September 2008, the Company issued 10.8 million convertible preference shares (‘ANZ CPS1’) at $100 each pursuant to a prospectus dated 4 September 2008, raising $1,081 million (excluding issue costs of $13 million: net raising of $1,068 million). On 17 December 2009, the Company issued 19.7 million convertible preference shares (‘ANZ CPS2’) at $100 each pursuant to a prospectus dated 18 November 2009, raising $1,969 million (excluding issue costs of $24 million: net raising of $1,945 million). On 28 September 2011, the Company issued 13.4 million convertible preference shares (‘ANZ CPS3’, together with ANZ CPS1 and ANZ CPS2 the ‘ANZ CPS’) at $100 each pursuant to a prospectus dated 31 August 2011 raising $1,340 million (excluding issue costs of $18 million; net raising of $1,322 million). ANZ CPS are fully paid, preferred, non-cumulative, mandatorily convertible preference shares. ANZ CPS are listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. Dividends on ANZ CPS are non-cumulative and are payable quarterly in arrears in December, March, June and September (in the case of ANZ CPS1 and ANZ CPS2) and semi-annually in arrears in March and September (in the case of ANZ CPS3) in each year and will be franked in line with the franking applied to ANZ ordinary shares. The dividends will be based on a fl oating dividend rate equal to the aggregate of the 90 day bank bill rate plus a 250 basis point margin (in the case of ANZ CPS1) and a 310 basis point margin (in the case of ANZ CPS2) and the 180 day bank bill rate plus 310 basis point margin (in the case of ANZ CPS3), multiplied by one minus the Australian Company tax rate. Quarterly or semi-annually (as applicable), the relevant 90 or 180 day bank bill rate is reset for the next dividend period. Should the dividend not be fully franked, the terms of the security provide for a cash gross up for the amount of the franking benefi t not provided. Dividends are subject to the absolute discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company and certain payment tests (including APRA requirements and distributable profi ts being available). If dividends are not paid on ANZ CPS, the Group may not pay dividends or distributions, or return capital, on ANZ ordinary shares or (in the case of ANZ CPS1 and ANZ CPS2 only) any other share capital or security ranking equal or junior to the ANZ CPS for a specifi ed period (subject to certain exceptions). On 16 June 2014 (in the case of ANZ CPS1), 15 December 2016 (in the case of ANZ CPS2) or 1 September 2019 (in the case of ANZ CPS3) (each a ‘conversion date’), or an earlier date under certain circumstances, the relevant ANZ CPS will mandatorily convert into a variable number of ANZ ordinary shares determined in accordance with the formula in the relevant prospectus based on $100 divided by the average market price of ordinary shares over a 20 day trading period ending at the conversion date less a 2.5% discount (in the case of ANZ CPS1) or 1.0% discount (in the case of ANZ CPS2 and ANZ CPS3). The mandatory conversion to ANZ ordinary shares is however deferred for a quarter (in the case of ANZ CPS1 and ANZ CPS2) and semi-annually (in the case of ANZ CPS3) if the conversion tests set out in the relevant prospectus are not met. In respect of ANZ CPS3 only, if a common equity trigger event occurs the ANZ CPS3 will immediately convert into ANZ ordinary shares on the basis of the calculation set out above, but subject to a maximum conversion number of 10.2407 ANZ ordinary shares per ANZ CPS3 and using a fi ve day trading period ending on the conversion date. A common equity trigger event occurs if ANZ’s Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio) is equal to or less than 5.125%. Notes to the Financial Statements 133 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 27: Loan Capital (continued) In respect of ANZ CPS3 only, on 1 September 2017 and each subsequent semi annual Dividend Payment Date, subject to receiving APRA’s prior approval and satisfying certain conditions, the Company has the right to redeem or convert into ANZ ordinary shares all or some ANZ CPS3 in its discretion. Conversion is on the same terms as mandatory conversion on a conversion date. The ANZ CPS rank equally with each other and the preference shares issued in connection with US Trust Securities, UK Stapled Securities and Euro Trust Securities. Except in limited circumstances, holders of ANZ CPS do not have any right to vote in general meetings of the Company. Refer to pages 221 to 223 for details of the voting rights of ANZ CPS1, ANZ CPS2 and ANZ CPS3 respectively. 28: Share Capital Numbers of issued shares Ordinary shares each fully paid Preference shares each fully paid Total number of issued shares If any of the ANZ CPS are converted into ANZ ordinary shares in accordance with their terms of issue, the voting rights of the ANZ ordinary shares will be as set out on page 220. In a winding up of the Company, the ANZ CPS rank behind all depositors and creditors, but ahead of ordinary shareholders. The Company 2011 2,629,034,037 500,000 2,629,534,037 2010 2,559,662,425 500,000 2,560,162,425 ORDINARY SHARES Ordinary shares have no par value and entitle holders to receive dividends payable to ordinary shareholders and to participate in the proceeds available to ordinary shareholders on winding up of the Company in proportion to the number of fully paid ordinary shares held. On a show of hands every holder of fully paid ordinary shares present at a meeting in person or by proxy is entitled to one vote, and upon a poll one vote for each share held. Numbers of issued shares Balance at start of the year Bonus option plan1 Dividend reinvestment plan1 ANZ employee share acquisition plan ANZ share option plan2 Balance at end of year Ordinary share capital Balance at start of the year Dividend reinvestment plan1 ANZ employee share acquisition plan2,3 OnePath Australia Treasury shares4 ANZ share option plan2 Balance at end of year The Company 2011 2,559,662,425 3,013,239 61,685,747 2,340,296 2,332,330 2,629,034,037 2010 2,504,540,925 2,481,103 46,750,640 3,810,413 2,079,344 2,559,662,425 Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 19,886 1,367 45 2 43 21,343 19,151 1,007 51 (360) 37 19,886 20,246 1,367 45 – 43 21,701 19,151 1,007 51 – 37 20,246 1 Refer to note 7 for details of plan. 2 Refer to note 46 for details of plan. 3 Includes on-market purchase of shares for settlement of amounts due under share-based compensation plans. In addition, 2,340,296 shares were issued during the year ended 30 September 2011 to the Group’s Employee Share Trust for settlement of amounts due under share-based compensation plans (2010: 3,810,413). As at 30 September 2011, there were 13,795,601 Treasury shares outstanding (2010: 11,472,666). 4 ANZ acquired OnePath Australia Limited (OPA) on 30 November 2009. OPA treasury shares include shares held in statutory funds as assets backing policyholder liabilities. OPA Treasury shares outstanding as at 30 September 2011 were 16,469,102 (2010: 16,710,967). 134 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 28: Share Capital (continued) PREFERENCE SHARES Euro Trust Securities On 13 December 2004, the Company issued 500,000 Euro Floating Rate Non-cumulative Trust Securities (‘Euro Trust Securities’) at €1,000 each pursuant to the off ering circular dated 9 December 2004, raising $871 million (at the spot rate at the date of issue, net of issue costs). Euro Trust Securities comprise two fully paid securities – an interest paying unsecured note (issued by ANZ Jackson Funding plc, a United Kingdom subsidiary of the Company) and a fully paid, €1,000 preference share (issued by the Company), which are stapled together and issued as a Euro Trust Security by ANZ Capital Trust III (the Trust). Investors have the option to redeem the Euro Trust Security from the Trust and hold the underlying stapled security. The Euro Trust Securities were issued in global form and are registered in the name of The Bank of New York Depositary (Nominees) Limited as the sole holder. The fully paid preference shares and unsecured notes that form part of the Euro Trust Securities are registered in the name of The Bank of New York (as trustee for ANZ Capital Trust III) as the sole holder. Distributions on Euro Trust Securities are non-cumulative and are payable quarterly in arrears and are funded by payments received by the Trust on the underlying note and/or preference share. The distribution is based upon a fl oating distribution rate equal to the three month EURIBOR rate plus a 66 basis point margin up until 15 December 2014, after which date the distribution rate is the three month EURIBOR rate plus a 166 basis point margin. At each payment date the three month EURIBOR rate is reset for the next quarter. Distributions are subject to certain payment tests (i.e. APRA requirements and distributable profi ts being available). Distributions are expected to be payable on 15 March, 15 June, 15 September and 15 December of each year. Dividends are not payable on the preference shares while they are stapled to the note, except for the period after 15 December 2014 when the preference share will pay 100 basis points to fund the increase in the margin. If distributions are not paid on Euro Trust Securities, the Group may not pay dividends or distributions, or return capital on ANZ ordinary shares or any other share capital or security ranking equal or junior to the preference share component (subject to certain exceptions). At any time at ANZ’s discretion or upon the occurrence of certain other ‘conversion events’, such as the failure of the Trust to pay in full a distribution within seven business days of the relevant distribution payment date or the business day prior to 15 December 2053, the notes that are represented by the relevant Euro Trust Securities will be automatically assigned to a branch of the Company and the fi xed number of preference shares that are represented by the relevant Euro Trust Securities will be distributed to investors in redemption of such Euro Trust Securities. The distributed preference Preference share balance at start of year – Euro Trust Securities Preference share balance at end of year – Euro Trust Securities shares will immediately become dividend paying and holders will receive non-cumulative dividends equivalent to the scheduled payments in respect of the Euro Trust Securities for which the preference shares were distributed. The preference shares forming part of each Euro Trust Security rank equally with each of the ANZ CPS and the preference shares issued in connection with the US Trust Securities and UK Stapled Securities in all respects. The preference shares forming part of the Euro Trust Securities confer voting rights in the Company in the following limited circumstances: any proposal to reduce the Company’s share capital, other than a resolution to approve a redemption or reduction of capital in connection with the preference shares; on a proposal that aff ects rights attached to the preference shares; any resolution to approve the terms of a share buy-back agreement, other than a resolution to approve a buy-back (other than an on market buy-back) of preference shares; any proposal for the disposal of the whole of the Company’s property, business and undertaking; on any proposal to wind up the Company and any matter during the Company’s winding-up; and on all matters on which the holders of ANZ ordinary shares are entitled to vote during a special voting period. A “special voting period” is a period from any dividend payment date where preference share dividends are not paid in full in respect of the immediately preceding quarterly dividend period or the 24th business day after the failure of ANZ Jackson Funding plc to make an interest payment in full on the notes that form part of the Euro Trust Securities and the Company does not make the payment pursuant to the relevant guarantee or pay an optional dividend on the preference shares within a prescribed time period. On a resolution or proposal on which a preference share holder is entitled to vote, the holder has on a show of hands one vote, and on a poll, one vote per preference share held. On winding up of the Company, the rights of Euro Trust Security holders will be determined by the preference share component of the Euro Trust Security. These preference shares rank behind all depositors and creditors, but ahead of ordinary shareholders. The transaction costs arising on the issue of these instruments were recognised directly in equity as a reduction to the proceeds of the equity instruments to which the costs relate. Euro Trust Securities qualify as Innovative Residual Tier 1 Capital as defi ned by APRA. Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 871 871 2010 $m 871 871 2011 $m 871 871 2010 $m 871 871 Notes to the Financial Statements 135 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 29: Reserves and Retained Earnings a) Foreign currency translation reserve Balance at beginning of the year Currency translation adjustments, net of hedges after tax Total foreign currency translation reserve b) Share option reserve1 Balance at beginning of the year Share-based payments Transfer of options/rights lapsed to retained earnings2 Total share option translation reserve c) Available-for-sale revaluation reserve Balance at beginning of the year Valuation gain/(loss) recognised after tax Cumulative (gain)/loss transferred to the income statement Total available-for-sale revaluation reserve d) Hedging reserve Balance at beginning of the year Gains/(loss) recognised after tax Transfer (to)/from income statement Total hedging reserve e) Transactions with non-controlling interests reserve Balance at beginning of the year Transactions with non-controlling interests3 Total transactions with non-controlling interests reserve Total reserves Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m (2,742) 324 (2,418) (1,725) (1,017) (2,742) 64 (13) (1) 50 80 30 16 126 11 164 (6) 169 – (22) (22) 69 7 (12) 64 (41) 112 9 80 (90) 138 (37) 11 – – – The Company 2011 $m (773) 97 (676) 64 (13) (1) 50 5 (13) 43 35 (73) 128 (8) 47 – – – 2010 $m (436) (337) (773) 69 7 (12) 64 (18) 45 (22) 5 (109) 84 (48) (73) – – – (2,095) (2,587) (544) (777) 1 Further information about share based payments to employees is disclosed in note 46. 2 The transfer of balances from the share option and capital reserves to retained earnings represent items of a distributable nature. 3 The premium in excess of the book value paid to acquire an additional interest in a controlled entity from the non controlling shareholder. Retained earnings Balance at beginning of the year Profi t attributable to shareholders of the Company Transfer of options/rights lapsed from share option reserve1,2 Actuarial gain/(loss) on defi ned benefi t plans after tax3 Adjustments to opening retained earnings on adoption of revised accounting standard AASB 3R Dividend income in Treasury shares Ordinary share dividend paid Preference share dividend paid Retained earnings at end of year Total reserves and retained earnings Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 15,921 5,355 1 (10) – 23 (3,491) (12) 17,787 15,692 14,129 4,501 12 (4) (39) – (2,667) (11) 15,921 13,334 11,666 4,151 1 24 – – (3,491) – 12,351 11,807 9,950 4,428 12 (18) (39) – (2,667) – 11,666 10,889 1 Further information about share based payments to employees is disclosed in note 46 to the financial statements. 2 The transfer of balances from the share option, general and capital reserves to retained earnings represent items of a distributable nature. 3 ANZ has taken the option available under AASB 119 to recognise actuarial gains/losses on defined benefit superannuation plans directly in retained profits (refer note 1 F(vi) and note 45). 136 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 29: Reserves and Retained Earnings (continued) a) Foreign currency translation reserve The translation reserve comprises exchange diff erences, net of hedges, arising on translation of the fi nancial statements of foreign operations, as described in note 1 A(viii). When a foreign operation is sold, attributable exchange diff erences are recognised in the income statement. b) Share option reserve The share option reserve arises on the grant of options, performance rights and deferred share rights to selected employees under the ANZ share option plan. Amounts are transferred out of the reserve and into share capital when the equity investments are exercised. Refer to note 1 C(iii). c) Available-for-sale revaluation reserve Changes in the fair value and exchange diff erences on the revaluation of available-for-sale fi nancial assets are taken to the available-for-sale revaluation reserve. Where a revalued available-for-sale fi nancial asset is sold, that portion of the reserve which relates to that fi nancial asset, is realised and recognised in the income statement. Where the available-for-sale fi nancial asset is impaired, that portion of the reserve which relates to that asset is recognised in the income statement. Refer to note 1 E(iii). d) Hedging reserve The hedging reserve represents hedging gains and losses recognised on the eff ective portion of cashfl ow hedges. The cumulative deferred gain or loss on the hedge is recognised in the income statement when the hedged transaction impacts the income statement. Refer to note 1 E(ii). 30: Non-controlling interests Share capital Retained profi t Total non-controlling interests Consolidated 2011 $m 43 5 48 2010 $m 36 28 64 Notes to the Financial Statements 137 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31: Capital Management ANZ pursues an active approach to capital management, which is designed to protect the interests of depositors, creditors and shareholders. This involves the on-going review and Board approval of the level and composition of ANZ’s capital base, assessed against the following key policy objectives: Regulatory compliance such that capital levels exceed APRA’s, ANZ’s primary prudential supervisor, minimum Prudential Capital Ratios (PCRs) both at Level 1 (the Company and specifi ed subsidiaries) and Level 2 (ANZ consolidated under Australian prudential standards), along with US Federal Reserve’s minimum Level 2 requirements under ANZ’s Foreign Holding Company Licence in the United States of America. Capital levels are aligned with the risks in the business and to meet strategic and business development plans through ensuring that available capital exceeds the level of Economic Capital required to support the Ratings Agency ‘default frequency’ confi dence level for a ‘AA’ credit rating category bank. Economic Capital is an internal estimate of capital levels required to support risk and unexpected losses above a desired target solvency level; Capital levels are commensurate with ANZ maintaining its preferred ‘AA’ credit rating category for senior long-term unsecured debt given its risk appetite outlined in its strategic plan; and An appropriate balance between maximising shareholder returns and prudent capital management principles. ANZ achieves these objectives through an Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP) whereby ANZ conducts detailed strategic and capital planning over a medium term time horizon. Annually, ANZ conducts a detailed strategic planning process over a three year time horizon, the outcomes of which are embodied in the Strategic Plan. This process involves forecasting key economic variables which Divisions use to determine key fi nancial data for their existing business. New strategic initiatives to be undertaken over the planning period and their fi nancial impact are then determined. These processes are used for the following: Review capital ratios, targets, and levels of diff erent classes of capital against ANZ’s risk profi le and risk appetite outlined in the Strategic Plan. ANZ’s capital targets refl ect the key policy objectives above, and the desire to ensure that under specifi c stressed economic scenarios that capital levels are suffi cient to remain above both Economic Capital and PCR requirements. Stress tests are performed under diff erent economic conditions to ensure a comprehensive review of ANZ’s capital position both before and after mitigating actions. The stress tests determine the level of additional capital (i.e. the ‘capital buff er’ above Pillar 1 minimum capital) needed to absorb losses that may be experienced during an economic downturn. Stress testing is integral to strengthening the predictive approach to risk management and is a key component in managing risks, asset writing strategies and business strategies. It creates greater understanding of the impacts on fi nancial performance through modelling relationships and sensitivities between geographic, industry and Division exposures under a range of macro economic scenarios. ANZ has a dedicated stress testing team within Risk Management that models and reports to management and the Board’s Risk Committee on a range of scenarios and stress tests. 138 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Results are subsequently used to: recalibrate ANZ’s management targets for minimum and operating ranges for its respective classes of capital such that ANZ will remain compliant with APRA’s PCRs and US Federal Reserve’s minimum Tier 1 and Total Capital requirements; and identify the level of organic capital generation and hence determine current and future capital requirements for the Company (Level 1) and the Group (Level 2). From these processes, a Capital Plan is developed and approved by the Board which identifi es the capital issuance requirements, capital securities maturity profi le, and options around capital products, timing and markets to execute the Capital Plan under diff ering market and economic conditions. The Capital Plan is maintained and updated through a monthly review of forecast fi nancial performance, economic conditions and development of business initiatives and strategies. The Board and senior management are provided with monthly updates of ANZ’s capital position. Any actions required to ensure ongoing prudent capital management are submitted to the Board for approval. Regulatory environment ANZ’s regulatory capital calculation is governed by APRA’s Prudential Standards which adopt a risk-based capital assessment framework based on the Basel II capital measurement standards. This risk-based approach requires eligible capital to be divided by total risk weighted assets (RWAs), with the resultant ratio being used as a measure of a bank’s capital adequacy. APRA determines PCRs for Tier 1 and Total Capital, with capital as the numerator and RWAs as the denominator. To ensure that Authorised Deposit-taking Institutions (ADIs) are adequately capitalised on both a stand-alone and group basis, APRA adopts a tiered approach to the measurement of an ADI’s capital adequacy by assessing the ADIs fi nancial strength at three levels: Level 1 – the ADI on a stand-alone basis (i.e. the Company and approved subsidiaries which are consolidated to form the ADIs’ Extended Licensed Entity); Level 2 – the consolidated banking group (i.e. the consolidated fi nancial group less certain subsidiaries and associates excluded under the prudential standards); and Level 3 – the conglomerate group at the widest level. ANZ is a Level 1 and Level 2 reporter, and measures capital adequacy monthly on a Level 1 and Level 2 basis, and is not required to report on a Level 3 basis. Regulatory capital is divided into Tier 1, carrying the highest capital elements, and Tier 2, which has lower capital elements, but still adds to the overall strength of the ADI. Tier 1 capital is comprised of ‘Fundamental’ capital, ‘Residual’ capital, and Tier 1 deductions. Fundamental capital comprises shareholders’ equity adjusted for items which APRA does not allow as regulatory capital or classifi es as lower forms of regulatory capital. Fundamental capital includes the following signifi cant adjustments: Residual Tier 1 capital instruments included within shareholders equity are excluded; Reserves exclude the Hedging reserve and Available-for-sale revaluation reserve, and reserves of insurance and funds management subsidiaries and associates excluded for Level 2 purposes; NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31: Capital Management (continued) Retained earnings excludes retained earnings of insurance and funds management subsidiaries and associates excluded for Level 2 purposes, but includes capitalised deferred fees forming part of loan yields that meet the criteria set out in the prudential standard; and Following on from the December 2010 Basel Committee paper on prudential capital reforms, on 6 September 2011 APRA released a discussion paper detailing the implementation of their proposed Basel III capital reforms in Australia. The discussion paper adopts the Basel III reforms with increased capital deductions from Common Equity Tier 1 capital, higher capital targets with prescribed minimum capital buff ers; and tighter requirements around Hybrid Tier 1 and Tier 2 securities. Based on ANZ’s interpretation of the APRA discussion paper, coupled with the higher risk weighting for counterparty credit risk proposed by the December 2010 Basel Committee paper, ANZ’s ratios are well above minima proposed by APRA at the January 2013 implementation date. Basel Committee is still to release fi nal proposals for contingent capital and measures to address systematic and inter-connected risks – these are expected in 2012. Current year net of tax earnings is net of any interim and special dividends paid during the current year, and the expected fi nal dividend payment, net of the expected dividend reinvestment under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan and Bonus Option Plan, and excludes profi ts of insurance and funds management subsidiaries and associates excluded for Level 2 purposes. Residual capital covers Non-innovative and Innovative Hybrid Tier 1 instruments with limits restricting the volume that can be counted as Tier 1 capital. Tier 1 capital deductions include amounts deducted solely from Tier 1 capital. These deductions are mainly intangible assets being: goodwill; value in force as to acquired insurance/investment business portfolios; capitalised software; capitalised brokerage and borrowing expenses; net deferred tax assets. Tier 1 deductions also include deductions taken 50% from Tier 1 and 50% from Tier 2, which mainly include the tangible component of investment in other subsidiaries and investments in associates regulated by APRA, or their overseas equivalent, and the amount of Expected Losses (EL) in excess of Eligible Provisions for Loan Losses (net of tax). Tier 2 capital is comprised of Upper and Lower Tier 2 capital less capital deductions taken 50% from Tier 2 capital. Upper Tier 2 capital mainly comprises perpetual subordinated debt instruments, whilst Lower Tier 2 capital includes dated subordinated debt instruments which have a minimum term of fi ve years at issue date. Total Capital is the sum of Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital. In addition to the prudential capital oversight that APRA conducts over the Company and the Group, the Company’s branch operations and major banking subsidiary operations are overseen by local regulators such as the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, the US Federal Reserve, the UK Financial Services Authority, the Monetary Authority of Singapore, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, the China Banking Regulatory Commission who may impose minimum capitalisation rates on those operations. Throughout the fi nancial year, the Company and the Group maintained compliance with the minimum Tier 1 and Total Capital ratios set by APRA and the US Federal Reserve as well as applicable capitalisation rates set by regulators in countries where the Company operates branches and subsidiaries. Regulatory change The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has released a series of consultation papers (Basel III) containing a number of proposals to strengthen the global capital and liquidity framework to improve the banking sector’s ability to absorb shocks arising from fi nancial and economic stress. Notes to the Financial Statements 139 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31: Capital Management (continued) The table below provides the composition of capital used for regulatory purposes and capital adequacy ratios. Regulatory capital – qualifying capital Tier 1 Shareholders' equity and non-controlling interests Prudential adjustments to shareholders' equity Fundamental Tier 1 capital Deductions1 Common Equity Tier 1 capital Non-innovative Tier 1 capital instruments Innovative Tier 1 capital instruments Tier 1 capital Tier 2 Upper Tier 2 capital Subordinated notes2 Deductions Tier 2 capital Total qualifying capital Capital adequacy ratios Common Equity Tier 1 Tier 1 Tier 2 Total 2011 $m 2010 $m 37,954 (3,479) 34,475 (10,611) 23,864 5,111 1,641 30,616 1,228 5,017 (3,071) 3,174 34,155 (2,840) 31,315 (10,057) 21,258 3,787 1,646 26,691 1,223 6,619 (3,026) 4,816 33,790 31,507 8.5% 10.9% 1.2% 12.1% 8.0% 10.1% 1.8% 11.9% 1 Includes goodwill (excluding OnePath Australia Limited and OnePath New Zealand Limited) of $2,968 million (2010: $2,910 million) and $2,071 million (2010: $2,043 million) intangible component of investment in OnePath Australia Limited and OnePath New Zealand Limited. 2 For capital adequacy calculation, subordinated note issues are reduced by 20% of the original amount over the last four years to maturity and are limited to 50% of Tier 1 capital. Regulatory environment – insurance and funds management business Under APRA’s Prudential Standards, life insurance and funds management activities are de-consolidated for the purposes of calculating capital adequacy and excluded from the risk based capital adequacy framework for the ANZ Level 2 Group. The intangible component of the investment in these controlled entities is deducted from Tier 1 capital with the balance of the investment deducted 50% from Tier 1 and 50% from Tier 2 capital. Additionally any profi ts from these activities included in ANZ’s results are excluded from the determination of Tier 1 capital to the extent they have not been remitted to the Level 2 Group. ANZ’s life insurance business in Australia is regulated by APRA as a separate business. The Life Act (1995) includes a two tiered framework for the calculation of regulatory capital requirements for life insurance companies – ‘solvency’ and ‘capital adequacy’. There are no regulatory capital requirements for life insurance companies in New Zealand. ANZ determines the minimum capital requirements for its New Zealand life insurance business according to the professional standard, ‘Solvency Reserving for Life Insurers’, issued by the New Zealand Society of Actuaries. Fund managers in Australia are subject to ‘Responsible Entity’ regulation by the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (‘ASIC’). The regulatory capital requirements vary depending on the type of Australian Financial Services Licence or Authorised Representatives’ Licence held, but a requirement of up to $5 million of net tangible assets applies. APRA supervises approved trustees of superannuation funds and requires them to also maintain net tangible assets of at least $5 million. These requirements are not cumulative where an entity is both an approved trustee for superannuation purposes and a responsible entity. ANZ’s insurance and funds management companies held assets in excess of regulatory capital requirements at 30 September 2011. 140 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 32: Assets Charged as Security for Liabilities and Collateral Accepted as Security for Assets Assets charged as security for liabilities The following assets are pledged as collateral: Mandatory reserve deposits with local central banks in accordance with statutory requirements. These deposits are not available to fi nance the Group’s day to day operations. Securities provided as collateral for repurchase transactions. These transactions are governed by standard industry agreements. Debenture undertakings covering the assets of Esanda Finance Corporation Limited (Esanda) and its subsidiaries and UDC Finance Limited (UDC). The debenture stock of Esanda and its subsidiaries and UDC is secured by a trust deed and collateral debentures, giving fl oating charges upon the undertaking of all the tangible assets of the entity, other than land and buildings. All controlled entities of Esanda and UDC have guaranteed the payment of principal, interest and other monies in relation to all debenture stock and unsecured notes issued by Esanda and UDC respectively. The only loans pledged are those in UDC and its subsidiaries. Cash placed on deposit with a third party that is provided as collateral for a liability in a structured funding transaction. The funding was raised through a subsidiary, and to achieve more favourable pricing terms, ANZ provided cash collateral, given by the Company. Collateral provided to central banks. Specifi ed housing loans provided as security for notes issued to investors by a securitisation special purpose vehicle. The carrying amounts of assets pledged as security are as follows: Regulatory deposits Securities sold under arrangements to repurchase Assets pledged as collateral under debenture undertakings Cash deposited in structured funding transaction Securitisation Other Consolidated The Company Carrying Amount Related Liability Carrying Amount Related Liability 2011 $m 1,505 1,872 2,146 840 166 52 2010 $m 1,056 1,858 2,899 840 211 153 2011 $m n/a 1,869 1,372 2,000 166 – 2010 $m n/a 1,733 1,545 2,000 211 – 2011 $m 497 1,511 – 840 – 52 2010 $m 616 1,703 – 840 – 153 2011 $m n/a 1,510 – – – – 2010 $m n/a 1,564 – – – – Collateral accepted as security for assets1 ANZ has received collateral as part of entering reverse repurchase agreements. These transactions are governed by standard industry agreements. The fair value of collateral received and provided is as follows: Collateral received on standard repurchase agreement2 Fair value of assets which can be sold Amount of collateral that has been resold 1 Details of collateral agreements for derivatives are included in note 12. 2 Balance in 2011 includes $36 million where the underlying securities are equities. Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 7,238 4,125 7,867 1,307 6,451 3,341 7,665 1,122 Notes to the Financial Statements 141 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management STRATEGY IN USING FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Financial instruments are fundamental to the Group’s business, constituting the core element of its operations. Accordingly, the risks associated with fi nancial instruments are a signifi cant component of the risks faced by the Group. Financial instruments create, modify or reduce the credit, market (including traded or fair value risks and non-traded or interest and foreign currency related risks) and liquidity risks of the Group’s balance sheet. These risks, and the Group’s objectives, policies and processes for managing and methods used to measure such risks are outlined below. CREDIT RISK Credit risk is the risk of fi nancial loss resulting from the failure of ANZ’s customers and counterparties to honour or perform fully the terms of a loan or contract. The Group assumes credit risk in a wide range of lending and other activities in diverse markets and in many jurisdictions. Credit risks arise not only from traditional lending to customers, but also from inter-bank, treasury, international trade and capital market activities around the world. The Group has an overall objective of sound growth for appropriate returns. The credit risk principles of the Group are set by the Board and are implemented and monitored within a tiered structure of delegated authority designed to oversee multiple facets of credit risk, including business writing strategies, credit policies/controls, portfolio monitoring and risk concentrations. CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW The credit risk management framework ensures a consistent approach is applied across the Group in measuring, monitoring and managing the credit risk appetite set by the Board. The Board is assisted and advised by the Board Risk Committee in discharging its duty to oversee credit risk. The Board Risk Committee sets the credit risk appetite, credit principles and credit strategies, as well as approving credit transactions beyond the discretion of executive management. Responsibility for the management and oversight of the credit risk framework (including the risk appetite) resides with the Credit and Market Risk Committee (CMRC), which is an executive management committee comprising senior risk, business and Group executives, chaired by the Chief Risk Offi cer (CRO). Central to the Group’s management of credit risk is the existence of an independent credit risk management function that is staff ed by risk specialists. Independence is achieved by having all credit risk staff ultimately report to the CRO, including where they are embedded in business units. The primary responsibility for prudent and profi table management of credit risk assets and customer relationships rests with the business units. The authority to make credit decisions is delegated by the Board to the CEO who in turn delegates authority to the CRO. The CRO in turn delegates some of his credit discretion to individuals as part of a ‘cascade’ of authority from senior to the most junior credit offi cers. Individuals are required to complete appropriate ongoing accreditation training in order to be granted and retain a credit discretion. Credit discretions are reviewed on an annual basis, and may be varied based on the holder’s performance. 142 ANZ Annual Report 2011 The Group has two main approaches to assessing credit risk arising from transactions: The larger and more complex credit transactions are assessed on a judgemental credit basis. Rating models provide a consistent and structured assessment, with judgement required around the use of out-of-model factors. Credit approval for judgemental lending is typically on a dual approval basis, jointly by the business writer in the business unit and an independent credit offi cer. Programmed credit assessment typically covers retail and some small business lending, and refers to the automated assessment of credit applications using a combination of scoring (application and behavioural), policy rules and external credit reporting information. Where an application does not meet the automated assessment criteria it will be referred out for manual assessment, with assessors considering the decision tool recommendation. Central and divisional credit risk teams perform key roles in portfolio management such as the development and validation of credit risk measurement systems, loan asset quality reporting, stress testing, and the development of credit policies. Credit policies and procedures cover all aspects of the credit life cycle such as transaction structuring, risk grading, initial approval, ongoing management and problem debt management, as well as specialist policy topics. The Group’s grading system is fundamental to the management of credit risk, seeking to measure the probability of default (PD), the exposure at default (EAD) and the loss in the event of default (LGD) for all transactions. From an operational perspective, the Group’s credit grading system has two separate and distinct dimensions that: Measure the PD, which is expressed by a 27-grade Customer Credit Rating (CCR), refl ecting the ability to service and repay debt. Within the programmed credit assessment sphere, the PD is typically expressed as a score which maps back to the PD. Measure the LGD, which is expressed by a Security Indicator (SI) ranging from A to G. The SI is calculated by reference to the percentage of loan covered by security which can be realised in the event of default. The security-related SIs are supplemented with a range of other SIs to cover situations where ANZ’s LGD research indicates certain transaction characteristics have diff erent recovery outcomes. Within the programmed credit assessment sphere, exposures are grouped into large homogenous pools – and the LGD is assigned at the pool level. The development and regular validation of rating models is undertaken by specialist central risk teams. The outputs from these models drive many day-to-day credit decisions, such as origination, pricing, approval levels, regulatory capital adequacy, economic capital allocation and provisioning. The risk grading process includes monitoring of model-generated results to ensure appropriate judgement is exercised (such as overrides to take into account any out-of-model factors). CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of customers are engaged in similar business activities or activities within the same geographic region, or when they have similar risk characteristics that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly aff ected by changes in economic or other conditions. The Group monitors its portfolios, to identify and assess risk concentrations. The Group’s strategy is to maintain well-diversifi ed credit portfolios focused on achieving an acceptable risk-return balance. Credit risk portfolios are actively monitored and frequently reviewed to identify, assess and guard against unacceptable risk concentrations. Concentration analysis will typically include geography, industry, credit product and risk grade. The Group also applies single customer counterparty limits to protect against unacceptably large exposures to single name risk. These limits are established based on a combination of factors including nature of counterparty, probability of default and collateral provided. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) COLLATERAL MANAGEMENT Collateral is used to mitigate credit risk, as the secondary source of repayment in case the counterparty cannot meet its contractual repayment obligations. ANZ credit principles specify to only lend when the counterparty has the capacity and ability to repay, and the Group sets limits on the acceptable level of credit risk. Acceptance of credit risk is fi rstly based on the counterparty’s assessed capacity to meet contractual obligations (such as the scheduled repayment of principal and interest). In certain cases, such as where the customer risk profi le is considered very sound or by the nature of the product (for instance, small limit products such as credit cards), a transaction may not be supported by collateral. For some products, the collateral provided is fundamental to its structuring so is not strictly the secondary source of repayment. For example, lending secured by trade receivables is typically repaid by the collection of those receivables. The most common types of collateral typically taken by ANZ include: Security over residential, commercial, industrial or rural property; Fixed and fl oating charges over business assets; Security over specifi c plant and equipment; Charges over listed shares, bonds or securities; Charges over cash deposits; and Guarantees and pledges. Credit policy and procedures set out the acceptable types of collateral, as well as a process by which additional instruments and/or asset types can be considered for approval. ANZ’s credit risk modelling areas use historical internal loss data and other relevant external data to assist in determining the discount that each type would be expected to incur in a forced sale. The discounted value is used in the determination of the SI for LGD purposes. In the event of customer default, any loan security is usually held as mortgagee in possession while the Group is actively seeking to realise it. Therefore the Group does not usually hold any real estate or other assets acquired through the enforcement of security. The Group generally uses Master Agreements with its counterparties for derivatives activities. Generally, International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Master Agreements will be used. Under the ISDA Master Agreement, if a default of a counterparty occurs, all contracts with the counterparty are terminated. They are then settled on a net basis at market levels current at the time of default. In addition to the terms noted above, ANZ’s preferred practice is to use a Credit Support Annex (CSA) to the ISDA Master Agreement. Under a CSA, open derivative positions with the counterparty are aggregated and cash collateral (or other forms of eligible collateral) is exchanged daily. The collateral is provided by the counterparty that is out of the money. Upon termination of the trade, payment is required only for the fi nal daily mark-to-market movement rather than the mark-to-market movement since inception. Notes to the Financial Statements 143 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Concentrations of credit risk analysis Composition of fi nancial instruments that give rise to credit risk by industry: Consolidated Australia Agriculture, forestry fi shing and mining Business services Construction Entertainment, leisure and tourism Financial, investment and insurance4 Government and offi cial institutions Manufacturing Personal lending Property services Retail trade Transport and storage Wholesale trade Other New Zealand Agriculture, forestry fi shing and mining Business services Construction Entertainment, leisure and tourism Financial, investment and insurance4 Government and offi cial institutions Manufacturing Personal lending Property services Retail trade Transport and storage Wholesale trade Other Liquid assets and due from other fi nancial institutions Trading and AFS1 assets Derivatives Loans and advances and acceptances5 Other fi nancial assets2 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m Credit related commitments3 2011 $m 2010 $m Total 2011 $m 2010 $m – 23 8 – 8 47 2 – – 2 2 – 37 5 21 46 259 89 147 278 139 67 95 12,143 5,384 5,156 11,571 5,207 4,592 289 6,151 5,463 176 78 75 89 164 74 65 7,309 2,556 3,448 6,216 2,669 3,978 19,887 8,132 8,836 18,135 8,069 8,753 77 2,942 2,402 9,460 8,277 1,262 2,622 16,427 16,906 36,047 25,759 7,921 7,537 115 108 7,082 6,724 68,854 59,656 4,217 240 – 1 8 10 242 43 6,054 30 4 – – 6,826 68 – 3 5 3 158 2 15,311 358 – 40 85 59 2 1,411 14,159 346 – 89 132 80 8 3,776 184 664 – 795 173 461 383 1,066 184 566 218 8,252 133 7,196 – 191,052 175,888 22,643 8,422 4,853 5,526 8,517 24,108 9,295 5,533 5,826 8,285 586 160 289 392 413 9,744 33,697 35,605 40,546 28,939 289,324 267,548 36 – – – – – – – 1 1 – – 84 15 3 33 96 15 2 30 14,023 898 732 14,538 590 764 880 841 2,394 1,337 2,751 2,383 7,864 5,361 728 1,370 184 – – – – – 12 28 5 41 – 23 78 4 41 – 2,652 1,565 4,913 8 – – 2 45 – 43 7,762 4,248 15 – – 2 16 – 159 451 155 – 25 33 83 17 305 241 93 – 46 53 114 15 256 1,136 2,015 43,574 5,855 1,222 1,247 925 1,456 1,089 2,365 42,463 5,798 1,100 1,370 931 1,188 6,825 9,068 6,322 74,691 74,407 1,101 3 120 2,771 350 135 80 84 120 4,196 79 5 4 5 682 6 11 247 33 7 7 5 10 2 102 2,495 321 119 69 78 121 235 8,214 35,929 8,267 3,630 2,972 4,938 7,673 198 9,070 21,502 20,168 17,348 17,848 36,155 229,752 214,538 31,279 33,561 12,300 13,326 8,031 9,115 11,412 11,475 19,049 18,598 7,637 3,462 2,737 5,250 6,220 3,795 95,195 92,718 469,012 438,349 108 4 6 1,404 320 536 1,097 86 503 15,620 1,242 1,275 15,876 696 1,275 6 252 378 1,170 1,255 181 1,153 898 15,572 11,530 8 18 316 43 8 10 7 10 725 803 1,513 6,482 652 583 463 873 1,659 610 1,460 5,828 869 705 383 976 1,382 7,493 3,702 50,303 6,565 1,847 1,845 1,832 3,501 6,201 3,992 48,607 6,779 1,946 1,897 1,970 2,995 16,693 15,175 111,967 105,019 1 Available-for-sale assets. 2 Mainly comprises trade dated assets and accrued interest. 3 Credit related commitments comprise undrawn facilities and customer contingent liabilities. 4 5 Excludes individual and collective provisions for credit impairment held in respect of credit related commitments. Includes amounts due from other Group entities. 144 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Concentrations of credit risk analysis (continued): Composition of fi nancial instruments that give rise to credit risk by industry (continued): Consolidated Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Agriculture, forestry fi shing and mining Business services Construction Entertainment, leisure and tourism Financial, investment and insurance4 Government and offi cial institutions Manufacturing Personal lending Property services Retail trade Transport and storage Wholesale trade Other Consolidated – aggregate Agriculture, forestry fi shing and mining Business services Construction Entertainment, leisure and tourism Financial, investment and insurance4 Government and offi cial institutions Manufacturing Personal lending Property services Retail trade Transport and storage Wholesale trade Other Liquid assets and due from other fi nancial institutions Trading and AFS1 assets Derivatives Loans and advances and acceptances6 Other fi nancial assets2 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m Credit related commitments3 2011 $m 2010 $m Total 2011 $m 2010 $m 38 8 – – 11 – 5 – – – – – – – – – 40 3 32 – 22 2 16 3 1,389 914 336 730 688 682 251 819 20,692 10,022 6,512 5,445 3,576 2,023 2,382 1,936 1,005 140 – – – – 123 206 66 138 2 – – 11 52 17 8,839 2 – – – – – 1,047 5,558 70 – 30 5 1 1 272 33 306 – 63 2 52 115 282 1 162 – 15 2 50 88 176 437 11,121 5,817 3,309 921 2,343 5,289 4,764 359 7,123 4,606 2,393 708 1,764 3,257 3,541 22,212 10,324 16,400 11,382 4,504 2,560 39,752 28,127 68 35 8 – 55 47 7 – – 2 2 – 38 6 21 46 383 107 182 311 257 84 113 27,555 7,196 6,224 26,797 6,479 5,607 322 7,761 7,123 24,348 13,981 25,690 24,734 47,487 33,143 11,031 10,843 5,406 380 – 1 8 10 377 277 6,897 247 2 26 83 18 251 19 29,063 368 – 40 87 104 2 2,501 23,965 431 – 119 139 97 9 4,207 668 1,125 – 883 208 596 515 1,653 426 821 1,791 21,388 1,581 16,684 – 240,443 222,957 30,834 10,230 7,987 9,714 13,246 33,272 11,438 9,123 12,040 14,505 647 215 453 495 845 24 16 6 12 40 7 189 99 56 16 40 90 81 676 279 99 85 106 837 26 26 10 31 74 14 272 176 91 27 67 124 135 3,721 1,255 1,978 4,947 896 1,506 5,212 2,196 2,352 5,694 1,606 1,788 282 323 1,024 1,176 9,103 5,570 42,305 25,070 1,340 16,591 6,580 581 692 1,102 10,139 3,847 1,231 12,546 5,700 688 316 806 6,079 3,013 11,661 28,349 12,496 4,009 1,631 3,537 15,756 10,227 7,229 20,311 10,484 3,217 1,058 2,699 9,601 7,154 1,073 57,211 43,621 140,755 97,087 298 104 81 12,434 4,131 5,962 12,260 3,651 5,987 40,719 11,570 12,463 39,705 10,371 11,816 114 3,476 3,103 11,654 10,708 363 17,338 13,192 126,731 96,256 16 320 3,117 439 158 127 179 211 5,973 24 392 2,987 455 154 146 209 266 2,378 26,318 48,991 9,500 4,905 4,537 15,950 13,179 34,932 39,322 2,039 23,076 41,651 49,899 47,683 292,551 273,629 41,275 44,135 15,304 16,804 12,627 14,497 22,983 29,063 29,198 32,326 9,194 4,483 3,926 12,305 10,615 5,593 169,099 151,514 721,734 640,455 Gross Total 30,918 21,633 57,859 53,812 54,118 37,821 403,767 370,082 Individual provision for credit impairment Collective provision for credit impairment – – – – – – – – – – – – (1,687) (1,849) (2,604) (2,577) – – – – (10) (26) (1,697) (1,875) (572) (576) (3,176) (3,153) 30,918 21,633 57,859 53,812 54,118 37,821 399,476 365,656 5,973 5,593 168,517 150,912 716,861 635,427 Unearned income Capitalised brokerage/ mortgage origination fees – – – – – – – – – – – (2,216) (2,262) – 629 600 – – – – – – – (2,216) (2,262) – 629 600 30,918 21,633 57,859 53,812 54,118 37,821 397,889 363,994 5,973 5,593 168,517 150,912 715,274 633,765 Excluded from analysis above5 2,805 2,793 479 445 – – – – – – – – 3,284 3,238 33,723 24,426 58,338 54,257 54,118 37,821 397,889 363,994 5,973 5,593 168,517 150,912 718,558 637,003 1 Available-for-sale assets. 2 Mainly comprises trade dated assets and accrued interest. 3 Credit related commitments comprise undrawn facilities and customer contingent liabilities. 4 5 Equity instruments and cash are excluded from maximum exposure amount. 6 Excludes individual and collective provisions for credit impairment held in respect of credit related commitments. Includes amounts due from other Group entities. Notes to the Financial Statements 145 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Concentrations of credit risk analysis (continued): Composition of fi nancial instruments that give rise to credit risk by industry (continued): The Company Australia Agriculture, forestry fi shing and mining Business services Construction Entertainment, leisure and tourism Financial, investment and insurance4 Government and offi cial institutions Manufacturing Personal lending Property services Retail trade Transport and storage Wholesale trade Other New Zealand Agriculture, forestry fi shing and mining Business services Construction Entertainment, leisure and tourism Financial, investment and insurance Government and offi cial institutions Manufacturing Personal lending Property services Retail trade Transport and storage Wholesale trade Other Liquid assets and due from other fi nancial institutions Trading and AFS1 assets Derivatives Loans and advances and acceptances5 Other fi nancial assets2 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m Credit related commitments3 2011 $m 2010 $m Total 2011 $m 2010 $m – 25 9 – 8 46 2 – – 2 2 – 37 4 21 46 259 89 148 278 139 67 94 11,425 5,373 5,145 9,689 5,198 4,584 288 6,130 5,454 1,298 2,502 16,786 16,767 42,119 29,500 8,651 8,302 4,598 261 – 1 9 11 263 47 6,522 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6,726 67 – 3 5 3 156 2 15,653 366 – 41 87 60 2 1,333 14,060 344 – 88 131 79 8 3,621 184 665 – 794 173 461 384 1,066 184 567 218 8,227 133 7,183 – 190,661 175,585 22,605 8,408 4,780 5,516 8,491 24,056 9,275 5,491 5,811 8,259 586 160 288 392 413 9,520 34,332 35,206 46,620 32,678 288,722 265,928 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 21 381 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 21 381 – – 7,820 – – – – – 7,820 – – 7,663 – – – – – 7,663 118 55 53 63 89 3 85 1,956 248 95 57 60 86 2,968 – – – – – – – 267 – – – – – 267 92 49 44 52 79 7,302 2,553 3,445 6,022 2,669 3,978 19,104 8,097 8,802 15,987 8,033 8,723 2,940 2,402 9,411 8,242 7,075 6,724 76,018 63,874 2 68 1,671 215 80 45 52 82 235 8,206 35,890 8,259 3,626 2,970 4,933 7,666 198 9,070 21,303 20,891 17,299 17,810 36,155 228,507 213,411 31,134 33,399 12,246 13,265 7,929 9,050 11,373 11,453 18,826 18,457 7,637 3,462 2,734 5,249 6,217 2,531 95,100 92,517 474,264 438,380 – – – – – – – 226 – – – – – 226 – – – – – – – 69 – – – – – 69 – – – – – – – 48 – – – – – 48 – – – – – – – – 21 381 – – 8,156 – – – – – 8,177 – – 7,937 – – – – – 8,318 1 Available-for-sale assets. 2 Mainly comprises trade dated assets and accrued interest. 3 Credit related commitments comprise undrawn facilities and customer contingent liabilities. 4 5 Excludes individual and collective provisions for credit impairment held in respect of credit related commitments. Includes amounts due from other Group entities. 146 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Concentrations of credit risk analysis (continued): Composition of fi nancial instruments that give rise to credit risk by industry (continued): The Company Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Agriculture, forestry fi shing and mining Business services Construction Entertainment, leisure and tourism Financial, investment and insurance4 Government and offi cial institutions Manufacturing Personal lending Property services Retail trade Transport and storage Wholesale trade Other The Company – aggregate Agriculture, forestry fi shing and mining Business services Construction Entertainment, leisure and tourism Financial, investment and insurance4 Government and offi cial institutions Manufacturing Personal lending Property services Retail trade Transport and storage Wholesale trade Other Liquid assets and due from other fi nancial institutions Trading and AFS1 assets Derivatives Loans and advances and acceptances6 Other fi nancial assets2 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m Credit related commitments3 2011 $m 2010 $m Total 2011 $m 2010 $m 34 7 – – 11 – 1 – – – – – – – – – 15 1 12 – 10 1 7 1 817 604 176 558 429 486 114 644 18,056 9,306 5,601 5,031 1,362 897 2,035 1,711 899 122 – – – – 110 185 56 134 2 – – 11 44 17 6,305 2 – – – – – 766 4,388 67 – 29 5 1 1 170 12 116 – 24 1 20 44 108 – 71 – 6 1 22 38 78 362 9,544 4,465 3,111 596 1,760 4,471 3,938 305 6,388 3,258 2,413 480 1,462 2,860 2,914 19,413 9,582 12,674 9,692 1,715 1,132 32,437 23,464 34 32 9 – 19 46 3 – – 2 2 – 37 4 21 46 274 90 160 278 149 68 101 12,242 5,977 5,321 10,118 5,684 4,698 289 6,688 6,098 13 10 3 9 36 6 154 72 50 10 28 72 63 526 131 65 56 72 16 18 4 24 68 12 242 123 91 18 55 108 110 889 3,032 1,071 1,829 4,466 837 1,448 3,911 1,693 2,020 4,932 1,342 1,574 258 284 825 953 8,291 5,242 35,381 22,255 1,259 14,682 5,587 534 527 982 9,166 2,989 1,186 11,668 4,856 663 247 715 5,666 2,304 8,843 24,620 10,124 3,719 1,134 2,790 13,863 8,049 5,947 18,570 8,239 3,202 751 2,266 8,717 5,593 50,207 39,582 116,972 84,341 108 67 48 10,334 3,624 5,274 10,488 3,506 5,426 23,015 9,790 10,822 20,919 9,375 10,297 76 3,198 2,686 10,236 9,195 19,354 11,808 22,386 21,798 43,502 30,778 10,686 10,013 125 147 15,366 11,966 111,420 86,510 5,497 383 – 1 9 11 373 232 6,782 201 2 3 5 14 200 19 21,959 368 – 41 87 60 2 2,099 18,448 411 – 117 136 80 9 3,791 196 781 – 818 174 481 428 1,174 184 638 580 17,771 438 13,571 – 202,946 186,506 25,018 8,888 6,242 8,376 11,405 27,167 9,871 7,251 10,282 12,197 592 161 310 430 491 9 239 2,295 298 105 85 132 149 3,761 14 310 2,020 306 98 100 160 192 1,494 22,888 41,546 8,793 4,153 3,952 14,099 10,655 27,250 29,734 1,384 20,738 35,869 42,430 41,059 246,787 229,587 34,336 37,118 12,997 14,399 10,195 11,840 20,090 25,316 24,419 26,506 8,300 3,709 3,449 10,915 8,521 3,646 145,376 132,147 599,413 531,039 Gross Total 25,935 19,102 47,006 44,898 48,356 34,191 328,979 297,055 Individual provision for credit impairment Collective provision for credit impairment – – – – – – – – – – – – (1,144) (1,253) (2,042) (1,950) – – – – (6) (20) (1,150) (1,273) (454) (436) (2,496) (2,386) 25,935 19,102 47,006 44,898 48,356 34,191 325,793 293,852 3,761 3,646 144,916 131,691 595,767 527,380 Unearned income Capitalised brokerage/ mortgage origination fees – – – – – – – – – – – (1,961) (2,007) – 602 566 – – – – – – – (1,961) (2,007) – 602 566 25,935 19,102 47,006 44,898 48,356 34,191 324,434 292,411 3,761 3,646 144,916 131,691 594,408 525,939 Excluded from analysis above5 958 1,082 378 380 – – – – – – – – 1,336 1,462 26,893 20,184 47,384 45,278 48,356 34,191 324,434 292,411 3,761 3,646 144,916 131,691 595,744 527,401 1 Available-for-sale assets. 2 Mainly comprises trade dated assets and accrued interest. 3 Credit related commitments comprise undrawn facilities and customer contingent liabilities. 4 5 Equity instruments and cash are excluded from maximum exposure amount. 6 Excludes individual and collective provisions for credit impairment held in respect of credit related commitments. Includes amounts due from other Group entities. Notes to the Financial Statements 147 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) CREDIT QUALITY Maximum exposure to credit risk For fi nancial assets recognised on the balance sheet, the maximum exposure to credit risk is the carrying amount. In certain circumstances, there may be diff erences between the carrying amounts reported on the balance sheet and the amounts reported in the tables below. Principally, these diff erences arise in respect of fi nancial assets that are subject to risks other than credit risk, such as equity investments which are primarily subject to market risk, or bank notes and coins. For contingent exposures, the maximum exposure to credit risk is the maximum amount the Group would have to pay if the instrument is called upon. For undrawn facilities, the maximum exposure to credit risk is the full amount of the committed facilities. The following tables present the maximum exposure to credit risk of on-balance sheet and off -balance sheet fi nancial assets before taking account of any collateral held or other credit enhancements. Consolidated Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances – Australia – APEA – New Zealand – Institutional – Less: Institutional APEA Other fi nancial assets2 Undrawn facilities Contingent facilities Total Reported Excluded1 Maximum exposure to credit risk 2011 $m 24,899 8,824 36,074 54,118 22,264 231,139 38,779 68,174 91,151 (31,936) 5,973 2010 $m 18,945 5,481 33,515 37,821 20,742 217,903 27,118 67,239 72,670 (21,538) 5,593 2011 $m 2,805 – – – 479 – – – – – – 2010 $m 2,793 – – – 445 – – – – – – 2011 $m 22,094 8,824 36,074 54,118 21,785 231,139 38,779 68,174 91,151 (31,936) 5,973 2010 $m 16,152 5,481 33,515 37,821 20,297 217,903 27,118 67,239 72,670 (21,538) 5,593 549,459 485,489 3,284 3,238 546,175 482,251 137,889 31,210 124,029 27,485 169,099 151,514 – – – – – – 137,889 31,210 124,029 27,485 169,099 151,514 718,558 637,003 3,284 3,238 715,274 633,765 Includes bank notes and coins and cash at bank within liquid assets and equity instruments within available-for-sale financial assets. 1 2 Mainly comprises trade dated assets and accrued interest. 148 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Maximum exposure to credit risk (continued) The Company Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances Other fi nancial assets2 Undrawn facilities Contingent facilities Total Reported Excluded1 Maximum exposure to credit risk 2011 $m 20,555 6,338 28,367 48,356 19,017 323,974 3,761 2010 $m 16,047 4,136 28,305 34,191 16,973 291,956 3,646 2011 $m 958 – – – 378 – – 450,368 395,254 1,336 117,107 28,269 106,403 25,744 145,376 132,147 – – – 2010 $m 1,082 – – – 380 – – 1,462 – – – 2011 $m 19,597 6,338 28,367 48,356 18,639 323,974 3,761 2010 $m 14,964 4,136 28,305 34,191 16,593 291,957 3,646 449,033 393,792 117,107 28,269 106,403 25,744 145,376 132,147 595,744 527,401 1,336 1,462 594,408 525,939 Includes bank notes and coins and cash at bank within liquid assets and equity instruments within available-for-sale financial assets. 1 2 Mainly comprises trade dated assets and accrued interest. Notes to the Financial Statements 149 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) DISTRIBUTION OF FINANCIAL ASSETS BY CREDIT QUALITY The Group has a comprehensive rating system that is used to quantify credit risk. The use of masterscales ensures consistency across exposure types at the Group, providing a consistent framework for reporting and analysis. All customers with whom ANZ has a credit relationship including guarantors, are assigned a Customer Credit Rating (CCR) or score at origination either by programmed credit assessment or by judgemental assessment. In addition, the CCR or score is reviewed on an ongoing basis to ensure it accurately refl ects the credit risk of the customer and the prevailing economic conditions. The Group’s risk grade profi le therefore changes dynamically through new lending, repayment and/or existing counterparty movements in either risk or volume. Restructured items Restructured items are facilities in which the original contractual terms have been modifi ed for reasons related to the fi nancial diffi culties of the customer. Restructuring may consist of reduction of interest, principal or other payments legally due, or an extension in maturity materially beyond those typically off ered to new facilities with similar risk. Consolidated Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances – Australia – APEA – New Zealand – Institutional – Less: Institutional APEA Other fi nancial assets1 Credit related commitments2 The Company Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances Other fi nancial assets1 Credit related commitments2 Neither past due nor impaired 2011 $m 22,094 8,824 36,074 54,079 21,785 2010 $m 16,152 5,481 33,515 37,752 20,297 220,897 207,897 25,742 63,497 69,132 (21,217) 5,593 168,906 151,220 37,413 64,732 88,622 (31,557) 5,973 Past due but not impaired 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – – – 9,022 700 2,034 119 (24) – – – – – – – 8,977 689 2,229 263 (15) – – 697,842 615,061 11,851 12,143 Restructured Impaired Total 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – 1 – – – 16 683 – – – 700 – – – 18 – – – 7 116 – – – 141 – – – 38 – 1,220 666 1,392 1,727 (355) – 193 4,881 2011 $m 22,094 8,824 36,074 54,118 21,785 2010 $m 16,152 5,481 33,515 37,821 20,297 – – – 51 – 1,029 687 1,506 3,159 (306) – 294 231,139 217,903 27,118 67,239 72,670 (21,538) 5,593 169,099 151,514 38,779 68,174 91,151 (31,936) 5,973 6,420 715,274 633,765 Neither past due nor impaired 2011 $m 2010 $m 19,597 6,338 28,367 48,317 18,639 14,964 4,136 28,305 34,122 16,593 310,758 277,687 3,646 145,204 131,877 3,761 Past due but not impaired 2011 $m – – – – – 9,495 – – 9,495 2010 $m – – – – – 9,867 – – 9,867 Restructured Impaired Total 2011 $m – – – 1 – 683 – – 684 2010 $m – – – 18 – 116 – – 134 2011 $m – – – 38 – 3,038 – 172 3,248 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – 51 – 4,287 – 14,964 19,597 4,136 6,338 28,305 28,367 34,191 48,356 16,593 18,639 291,957 323,974 3,646 3,761 270 145,376 132,147 4,608 594,408 525,939 1 Mainly comprises trade dated assets and accrued interest. 2 Comprises undrawn facilities and customer contingent liabilities. 580,981 511,330 150 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Credit quality of fi nancial assets neither past due nor impaired The credit quality of fi nancial assets is managed by the Group using internal CCRs based on their current probability of default. The Group’s masterscales are mapped to external rating agency scales, to enable wider comparisons. Internal rating Strong credit profi le Customers that have demonstrated superior stability in their operating and fi nancial performance over the long-term, and whose debt servicing capacity is not signifi cantly vulnerable to foreseeable events. This rating broadly corresponds to ratings ‘Aaa’ to ‘Baa3’ and ‘AAA’ to ‘BBB–’ of Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s respectively. Satisfactory risk Customers that have consistently demonstrated sound operational and fi nancial stability over the medium to long- term, even though some may be susceptible to cyclical trends or variability in earnings. This rating broadly corresponds to ratings ‘Ba2’ to ‘Ba3’ and ‘BB’ to ‘BB–’ of Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s respectively. Sub-standard but not past due or impaired Customers that have demonstrated some operational and fi nancial instability, with variability and uncertainty in profi tability and liquidity projected to continue over the short and possibly medium term. This rating broadly corresponds to ratings ‘B1’ to ‘Caa’ and ‘B+’ to ‘CCC’ of Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s respectively. Consolidated Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances – Australia – APEA – New Zealand – Institutional – Less: Institutional APEA Other fi nancial assets1 Credit related commitments2 The Company Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances Other fi nancial assets1 Credit related commitments2 1 Mainly comprises trade dated assets and accrued interest. 2 Comprises undrawn facilities and customer contingent liabilities. Strong credit profi le Satisfactory risk 2011 $m 21,484 7,617 35,528 51,928 20,081 2010 $m 15,606 4,880 32,466 36,464 19,026 2011 $m 552 980 546 1,461 1,664 2010 $m 468 424 1,017 775 1,271 Sub-standard but not past due or impaired Total 2011 $m 58 227 – 690 40 2010 $m 78 177 32 513 – 2011 $m 22,094 8,824 36,074 54,079 21,785 2010 $m 16,152 5,481 33,515 37,752 20,297 164,417 26,136 39,590 65,433 (21,894) 5,412 136,248 153,391 14,731 36,094 45,050 (11,625) 5,125 123,083 46,367 9,201 20,802 19,038 (9,192) 431 29,759 45,148 9,227 22,069 19,988 (8,894) 385 24,544 10,113 2,076 4,340 4,151 (471) 130 2,899 9,358 1,784 5,334 4,094 (698) 83 220,897 37,413 64,732 88,622 (31,557) 5,973 3,593 168,906 207,897 25,742 63,497 69,132 (21,217) 5,593 151,220 551,980 474,291 121,609 116,422 24,253 24,348 697,842 615,061 Strong credit profi le Satisfactory risk 2011 $m 2010 $m 19,085 5,596 28,017 46,418 18,336 228,068 3,307 119,913 14,566 3,914 27,274 33,127 16,264 198,050 3,315 109,788 2011 $m 473 738 350 1,226 263 67,548 346 23,598 2010 $m 340 214 999 532 329 65,885 275 19,724 Sub-standard but not past due or impaired 2011 $m 39 4 – 673 40 15,142 108 1,693 2010 $m 58 8 32 463 – 13,752 56 2,365 Total 2011 $m 2010 $m 19,597 6,338 28,367 48,317 18,639 310,758 3,761 145,204 14,964 4,136 28,305 34,122 16,593 277,687 3,646 131,877 468,740 406,298 94,542 88,298 17,699 16,734 580,981 511,330 Notes to the Financial Statements 151 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Ageing analysis of fi nancial assets that are past due but not impaired Ageing analysis of past due loans is used by the Group to measure and manage emerging credit risks. Financial assets that are past due but not impaired include those which are assessed, approved and managed on a portfolio basis within a centralised environment (for example credit cards and personal loans) that can be held on a productive basis until they are 180 days past due, as well as those which are managed on an individual basis. A large portion of retail credit exposures, such as residential mortgages, are generally well secured. That is, the value of associated security is suffi cient to cover amounts outstanding. As at 30 September 2011 Consolidated As at 30 September 2010 Consolidated 1-5 days $m 6-29 days $m 30-59 days $m 60-89 days $m >90 days $m Total $m 1-5 days $m 6-29 days $m 30-59 days $m 60-89 days $m >90 days $m Total $m Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances: – Australia – APEA – New Zealand – Institutional – Less: Institutional APEA Other fi nancial assets Credit related commitments1 – – – – – 2,132 – 867 29 – – – 3,028 – – – – – – – – – – 3,451 516 557 36 (20) – – 1,280 – 275 30 (1) – – 4,540 1,584 – – – – – 639 115 93 20 (2) – – 865 – – – – – – – – – – 1,520 69 242 4 (1) – – 9,022 700 2,034 119 (24) – – 1,834 11,851 – – – – – 1,799 – 739 8 – – – 2,546 – – – – – – – – – – 4,115 483 788 110 (1) – – 5,495 1,274 – 340 55 – – – 1,669 – – – – – 587 123 124 44 – – – 878 – – – – – – – – – – 1,202 83 238 46 (14) – – 8,977 689 2,229 263 (15) – – 1,555 12,143 Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances Other fi nancial assets Credit related commitments1 The Company The Company 1-5 days $m 6-29 days $m 30-59 days $m 60-89 days $m >90 days $m Total $m 1-5 days $m 6-29 days $m 30-59 days $m 60-89 days $m >90 days $m Total $m – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2,222 – – 2,222 3,760 – – 3,760 1,308 – – 1,308 – – – – – 695 – – 695 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,510 – – 1,510 9,495 – – 9,495 1,871 – – 1,871 4,704 – – 4,704 1,341 – – 1,341 – – – – – 722 – – 722 – – – – – – – – – – 1,229 – – 1,229 9,867 – – 9,867 1 Comprises undrawn facilities and customer contingent liabilities. 152 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Estimated value of collateral for fi nancial assets that are past due but not impaired Collateral provided as security is valued conservatively on a recoverable basis assuming an event of default, and such valuations are updated on a regular basis with the frequency varying depending on the nature of the security. The adequacy of security valuations must also be considered at each customer review. In order to calculate the Security Indicator (SI) for a transaction, the value of a collateral item is reduced by an extension ratio which reduces its market value to a realisable value assuming a downturn scenario. Extension ratios have been determined based on analysis of historical loss information. For the purposes of this disclosure, where security is valued at more than the corresponding credit exposure, coverage is capped at the value of the credit exposure. Consolidated Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances – Australia – APEA – New Zealand – Institutional – Less: Institutional APEA Other fi nancial assets1 Credit related commitments2 Cash Real estate Other Total value of collateral 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m Credit exposure 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6,310 174 1,223 46 – – – 6,346 193 1,586 94 – – – 1,717 173 448 25 (1) – – 1,771 234 241 119 (3) – – 8,027 347 1,671 71 (1) – – 8,117 427 1,827 213 (3) – – 9,022 700 2,034 119 (24) – – 8,977 689 2,229 263 (15) – – Unsecured portion of credit exposure 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – – – 995 353 363 48 (23) – – – – – – – 860 262 402 50 (12) – – 7,753 8,219 2,362 2,362 10,115 10,581 11,851 12,143 1,736 1,562 The Company Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances Other fi nancial assets1 Credit related commitments2 Cash Real estate Other Total value of collateral Credit exposure Unsecured portion of credit exposure 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2011 $m – – – – – 6,709 – – 2010 $m – – – – – 6,875 – – 2011 $m – – – – – 1,672 – – 2010 $m – – – – – 1,894 – – 2011 $m – – – – – 8,381 – – 2010 $m – – – – – 8,769 – – 2011 $m – – – – – 9,495 – – 2010 $m – – – – – 9,867 – – 2011 $m – – – – – 1,114 – – 2010 $m – – – – – 1,098 – – 6,709 6,875 1,672 1,894 8,381 8,769 9,495 9,867 1,114 1,098 1 Mainly comprises trade dated assets and accrued interest. 2 Comprises undrawn facilities and customer contingent liabilities. Notes to the Financial Statements 153 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Financial assets that are individually impaired Consolidated The Company Impaired assets 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – 35 – 2,592 – 180 – – – 51 – 3,837 – 260 2,807 4,148 – – – – – 1,392 – 13 – – – – – 1,551 – 24 1,405 1,575 – – – 3 – 666 – – 669 – – – 38 – 4,650 – 193 – – – – – 687 – 10 697 – – – 51 – 6,075 – 294 Individual provision balances 2011 $m – – – – – 902 – 7 909 – – – – – 398 – 3 401 – – – – – 387 – – 387 2010 $m – – – – – 957 – 20 977 – – – – – 463 – 6 469 – – – – – 429 – – 429 – – – – – 1,687 – 10 – – – – – 1,849 – 26 Impaired assets 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – 35 – 2,430 – 172 – – – 51 – 3,696 – 260 2,637 4,007 – – – – – 52 – – 52 – – – 3 – 556 – – 559 – – – 38 – 3,038 – 172 – – – – – 33 – – 33 – – – – – 558 – 10 568 – – – 51 – 4,287 – 270 Individual provision balances 2011 $m – – – – – 864 – 6 870 – – – – – 14 – – 14 – – – – – 266 – – 266 – – – – – 1,144 – 6 2010 $m – – – – – 904 – 20 924 – – – – – 9 – – 9 – – – – – 340 – – 340 – – – – – 1,253 – 20 4,881 6,420 1,697 1,875 3,248 4,608 1,150 1,273 Australia Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances Other fi nancial assets1 Credit related commitments2 New Zealand Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances Other fi nancial assets1 Credit related commitments2 Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances Other fi nancial assets1 Credit related commitments2 Aggregate Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances Other fi nancial assets1 Credit related commitments2 1 Mainly comprises trade dated trading assets and accrued interest. 2 Comprises undrawn facilities and customer contingent liabilities. 154 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Estimated value of collateral for fi nancial assets that are individually impaired Consolidated Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances – Australia – APEA – New Zealand – Institutional – Less: Institutional APEA Other fi nancial assets1 Credit related commitments2 The Company Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances and acceptances Other fi nancial assets1 Credit related commitments2 Cash Real estate Other Total value of collateral 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m Credit exposure 2011 $m 2010 $m Unsecured portion of credit exposure 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – 17 – 248 16 840 784 – – 7 1,912 – – – 32 – 172 15 743 1,330 – – 9 2,301 – – – 21 – 380 262 154 488 (209) – 176 – – – 19 – – – – 38 – – – – 51 – – – – 38 – – – – 51 – 376 243 329 1,195 (177) – 258 628 278 994 1,272 (209) – 183 548 258 1,072 2,525 (177) – 268 1,220 666 1,392 1,727 (355) – 193 1,029 687 1,506 3,159 (306) – 294 – – – – – 592 388 398 455 (146) – 10 – – – – – 481 429 434 634 (129) – 26 1,272 2,243 3,184 4,545 4,881 6,420 1,697 1,875 Cash Real estate Other Total value of collateral 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m Credit exposure 2011 $m 2010 $m Unsecured portion of credit exposure 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – 17 – – – – 32 – 1,086 – 3 1,541 – 6 1,106 1,579 – – – 21 – 808 – 163 992 – – – 19 – – – – 38 – – – – 51 – – – – 38 – – – – 51 – – – – – – – – – – – 1,493 – 243 1,894 – 166 3,034 – 250 3,038 – 172 4,287 – 270 1,144 – 6 1,253 – 20 1,755 2,098 3,335 3,248 4,608 1,150 1,273 1 Mainly comprises trade dated assets and accrued interest. 2 Comprises undrawn facilities and customer contingent liabilities. Notes to the Financial Statements 155 The principal risk categories monitored are: Currency risk is the potential loss arising from the decline in the value of a fi nancial instrument due to changes in foreign exchange rates or their implied volatilities. Interest rate risk is the potential loss arising from the change in the value of a fi nancial instrument due to changes in market interest rates or their implied volatilities. Credit spread risk is the potential loss arising from a change in value of an instrument due to a movement of its margin or spread relative to a benchmark. Commodity risk is the potential loss arising from the decline in the value of a fi nancial instrument due to changes in commodity prices or their implied volatilities. Equity risk is the potential loss arising from the decline in the value of a fi nancial instrument due to changes in stock prices or their implied volatilities. b) Non-traded market risk (or balance sheet risk) This comprises the management of non-traded interest rate risk, liquidity, and the risk to the Australian dollar denominated value of the Group’s capital and earnings as a result of foreign exchange rate movements. Some instruments do not fall into either category that also expose ANZ to market risk. These include equity securities classifi ed as available-for-sale fi nancial assets that predominantly comprise long-term strategic investments. Value at Risk (VaR) measure A key measure of market risk is Value at Risk (VaR). VaR is a statistical estimate of the possible daily loss and is based on historical market movements. ANZ measures VaR at a 97.5% and 99% confi dence interval. This means that there is a 97.5% or 99% chance that the loss will not exceed the VaR estimate on any given day. The Group’s standard VaR approach for both traded and non-traded risk is historical simulation. The Group calculates VaR using historical changes in market rates, prices and volatilities over the previous 500 business days. Traded and non-traded VaR is calculated using a one-day holding period. It should be noted that because VaR is driven by actual historical observations, it is not an estimate of the maximum loss that the Group could experience from an extreme market event. As a result of this limitation, the Group utilises a number of other risk measures (e.g. stress testing) and risk sensitivity limits to measure and manage market risk. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) MARKET RISK Market risk is the risk to the Group’s earnings arising from changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, credit spreads, or from fl uctuations in bond, commodity or equity prices. Market risk arises when changes in market rates, prices and volatilities lead to a decline in the value of assets and liabilities, including fi nancial derivatives. Market risk is generated through both trading and banking book activities. ANZ conducts trading operations in interest rates, foreign exchange, commodities, securities and equities. ANZ has a detailed risk management and control framework to support its trading and balance sheet activities. The framework incorporates a risk measurement approach to quantify the magnitude of market risk within trading and balance sheet portfolios. This approach and related analysis identifi es the range of possible outcomes that can be expected over a given period of time, establishes the relative likelihood of those outcomes and allocates an appropriate amount of capital to support these activities. Group-wide responsibility for the strategies and policies relating to the management of market risk lies with the Board Risk Committee. Responsibility for day to day management of both market risks and compliance with market risk policy is delegated by the Risk Committee to the Credit and Market Risk Committee (‘CMRC’) and the Group Asset & Liability Committee (‘GALCO’). The CMRC, chaired by the Chief Risk Offi cer, is responsible for the oversight of market risk. All committees receive regular reporting on the range of trading and balance sheet market risks that ANZ incurs. Within overall strategies and policies, the control of market risk at the Group level is the joint responsibility of Business Units and Risk Management, with the delegation of market risk limits from the Board and CMRC allocated to both Risk Management and the Business Units. The management of Risk Management is supported by a comprehensive limit and policy framework to control the amount of risk that the Group will accept. Market risk limits are allocated at various levels and are reported and monitored by Market Risk on a daily basis. The detailed limit framework allocates individual limits to manage and control asset classes (e.g. interest rates, equities), risk factors (e.g. interest rates, volatilities) and profi t and loss limits (to monitor and manage the performance of the trading portfolios). Market risk management and control responsibilities To facilitate the management, measurement and reporting of market risk, ANZ has grouped market risk into two broad categories: a) Traded market risk This is the risk of loss from changes in the value of fi nancial instruments due to movements in price factors for both physical and derivative trading positions. Trading positions arise from transactions where ANZ acts as principal with customers, fi nancial exchanges or interbank counterparties. 156 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Traded Market Risk Below are the aggregate Value at Risk (VaR) exposures at 97.5% and 99% confi dence levels covering both physical and derivatives trading positions for the Bank’s principal trading centres. 30 September 2011 30 September 2010 Consolidated Value at risk at 97.5% confi dence Foreign exchange Interest rate Credit Commodity Equities Diversifi cation benefi t Total VaR Value at risk at 99% confi dence Foreign exchange Interest rate Credit Commodity Equities Diversifi cation benefi t Total VaR The Company Value at risk at 97.5% confi dence Foreign exchange Interest rate Credit Commodity Equities Diversifi cation benefi t Total VaR Value at risk at 99% confi dence Foreign exchange Interest rate Credit Commodity Equities Diversifi cation benefi t Total VaR As at $m 6.0 4.7 3.4 2.0 2.5 (10.4) 8.2 7.8 7.0 4.9 3.2 3.4 (14.6) 11.7 As at $m 6.0 4.5 3.3 2.0 2.5 (10.2) 8.1 7.8 6.7 4.8 3.2 3.4 (14.4) 11.5 High for year $m Low for year $m Average for year $m 7.9 16.1 8.5 4.3 2.5 n/a 18.8 10.9 26.4 10.5 6.5 3.5 n/a 29.5 0.8 4.2 2.4 1.6 0.4 n/a 5.7 1.0 5.4 3.2 2.4 0.6 n/a 8.3 3.1 9.4 5.4 2.6 0.9 (10.3) 11.1 4.2 13.5 6.9 4.1 1.3 (14.2) 15.8 30 September 2011 High for year $m Low for year $m Average for year $m 7.9 15.8 8.5 4.3 2.5 n/a 18.6 10.9 26.3 10.5 6.5 3.5 n/a 29.3 0.8 4.0 2.4 1.6 0.4 n/a 5.5 1.0 5.0 3.2 2.4 0.6 n/a 8.1 3.1 9.1 5.4 2.6 0.9 (10.3) 10.8 4.2 13.2 6.9 4.1 1.3 (14.2) 15.5 As at $m 2.6 11.2 3.0 2.1 0.5 (7.1) 12.3 3.6 19.3 3.9 3.6 0.8 (9.4) 21.8 As at $m 2.6 11.0 2.9 2.1 0.5 (6.9) 12.2 3.5 19.0 3.8 3.6 0.8 (9.3) 21.4 High for year $m Low for year $m Average for year $m 7.8 24.9 4.9 3.7 0.8 n/a 24.9 10.4 57.4 7.0 5.4 1.2 n/a 71.4 0.8 9.2 1.7 1.1 0.2 n/a 10.0 1.3 15.2 2.1 2.4 0.5 n/a 15.0 2.0 17.2 3.1 2.3 0.4 (8.2) 16.8 3.1 30.5 4.4 3.6 0.8 (9.8) 32.6 30 September 2010 High for year $m Low for year $m Average for year $m 7.7 24.8 4.8 3.7 0.8 n/a 24.8 10.3 57.3 7.0 5.4 1.2 n/a 71.3 0.7 9.0 1.6 1.1 0.2 n/a 9.9 1.3 15.0 2.1 2.4 0.5 n/a 14.6 2.0 17.0 3.1 2.3 0.4 (8.1) 16.7 3.1 30.3 4.3 3.6 0.8 (9.7) 32.4 VaR is calculated separately for foreign exchange, interest rate, credit, commodity and equities and for the Group. The diversifi cation benefi t refl ects the historical correlation between these products. Electricity commodities risk measurement remains under the standard approach for regulatory purposes. Equities trading risk measurement moved to the internal model approach in May 2011. To supplement the VaR methodology, ANZ applies a wide range of stress tests, both on individual portfolios and at a Group level. ANZ ‘s stress-testing regime provides senior management with an assessment of the fi nancial impact of identifi ed extreme events on market risk exposures of ANZ. Standard stress tests are applied on a daily basis and measure the potential loss arising from applying extreme market movements to individual and groups of individual price factors. Extraordinary stress tests are applied monthly and measure the potential loss arising as a result of scenarios generated from major fi nancial market events. Notes to the Financial Statements 157 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Non-Traded Market Risk (Balance Sheet Risk) The principal objectives of balance sheet management are to manage interest income sensitivity while maintaining acceptable levels of interest rate and liquidity risk and to manage the market value of the Group’s capital. Liquidity risk is dealt with in the next section. Interest rate risk The objective of balance sheet interest rate risk management is to secure stable and optimal net interest income over both the short (next 12 months) and long-term. Non-traded interest rate risk relates to the potential adverse impact of changes in market interest rates on the Group’s future net interest income. This risk arises from two principal sources: mismatches between the repricing dates of interest bearing assets and liabilities; and the investment of capital and other non-interest bearing liabilities in interest bearing assets. Interest rate risk is reported using various techniques including: VaR and scenario analysis (to a 1% shock). a) VaR non-traded interest rate risk The repricing assumptions used to determine the VaR and 1% rate shock have been independently validated. Below are aggregate VaR fi gures covering non-traded interest rate risk. Consolidated Value at risk at 97.5% confi dence Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Diversifi cation benefi t The Company Value at risk at 97.5% confi dence Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Diversifi cation benefi t 30 September 2011 30 September 2010 As at $m 12.2 8.1 3.9 (9.7) 14.5 As at $m 12.2 0.1 3.2 (3.7) 11.8 High for year $m Low for year $m Average for year $m 20.1 13.5 5.5 n/a 26.5 10.5 7.9 2.3 n/a 13.2 14.4 9.3 3.5 (8.0) 19.2 30 September 2011 High for year $m Low for year $m Average for year $m 20.1 0.3 5.4 n/a 20.9 10.5 0.0 1.7 n/a 10.1 14.4 0.1 3.0 (2.2) 15.3 As at $m 18.2 13.8 4.3 (11.6) 24.7 As at $m 18.2 0.1 4.2 (1.8) 20.7 High for year $m Low for year $m Average for year $m 27.3 13.8 8.9 n/a 39.6 18.0 7.8 4.3 n/a 24.7 22.0 11.1 5.9 (8.2) 30.8 30 September 2010 High for year $m Low for year $m Average for year $m 27.3 0.2 10.5 n/a 34.7 18.0 0.0 4.2 n/a 20.7 22.0 0.1 6.8 (2.6) 26.3 VaR is calculated separately for Australia, New Zealand and Asia Pacifi c, Europe and America Markets, as well as for the Group. To supplement the VaR methodology, ANZ applies a wide range of stress tests, both on individual portfolios and at Group level. ANZ’s stress testing regime provides senior management with an assessment of the fi nancial impact of identifi ed extreme events on market risk exposures of ANZ. b) Scenario Analysis – a 1% shock on the next 12 months’ net interest income A 1% overnight parallel positive shift in the yield curve is modelled to determine the potential impact on net interest income over the succeeding 12 months. This is a standard risk measure which assumes the parallel shift is refl ected in all wholesale and customer rates. The fi gures in the table below indicate the outcome of this risk measure for the current and previous fi nancial years – expressed as a percentage of reported net interest income. The sign indicates the nature of the rate sensitivity with a positive number signifying that a rate increase is positive for net interest income over the next 12 months. Impact of 1% rate shock As at 30 September Maximum exposure Minimum exposure Average exposure (in absolute terms) 158 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Consolidated The Company 2011 2010 2011 2010 1.36% 1.51% 0.50% 1.08% 1.09% 1.61% 0.60% 0.98% 1.53% 1.85% 0.54% 1.26% 1.12% 1.79% 0.63% 1.14% NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Interest rate risk (continued) The extent of mismatching between the repricing characteristics and timing of interest bearing assets and liabilities at any point has implications for future net interest income. On a global basis, the Group quantifi es the potential variation in future net interest income as a result of these repricing mismatches. The repricing gaps themselves are constructed based on contractual repricing information. However, for those assets and liabilities where the contractual term to repricing is not considered to be refl ective of the actual interest rate sensitivity (for example, products priced at the Group’s discretion), a profi le based on historically observed and/or anticipated rate sensitivity is used. This treatment excludes the eff ect of basis risk between customer pricing and wholesale market pricing. Equity securities classifi ed as available-for-sale The portfolio of fi nancial assets, classifi ed as available-for-sale for measurement and fi nancial reporting purposes, also contains equity investment holdings which predominantly comprise investments held for longer term strategic intentions. These equity investments are also subject to market risk which is not captured by the VaR measures for traded and non-traded market risks. Regular reviews are performed to substantiate valuation of the investments within the portfolio and the equity investments are regularly reviewed by management for impairment. The fair value of the constituents of equity securities classifi ed as available-for-sale can fl uctuate considerably. The table below outlines the composition of the equity holdings. Visa Inc. Sacombank Energy Infrastructure Trust Other equity holdings Impact on equity of 10% variation in value Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 315 73 – 91 479 48 2010 $m 275 80 40 50 445 44 2011 $m 247 73 – 58 378 38 2010 $m 215 80 40 45 380 38 Foreign currency risk – structural exposures The investment of capital in foreign operations, such as branches, subsidiaries or associates with functional currencies other than the Australian dollar, exposes the Group to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates. The main operating (or functional) currencies of Group entities are the Australian dollar and the New Zealand dollar, with a number of overseas undertakings operating in various other currencies. The Group presents its consolidated fi nancial statements in Australian dollars, as the Australian dollar is the dominant currency. The Group’s consolidated balance sheet is therefore aff ected by exchange diff erences between the Australian dollar and functional currencies of foreign operations. Variations in the value of these overseas operations arising as a result of exchange diff erences are refl ected in the foreign currency translation reserve in equity. The Group routinely monitors this risk and conducts hedging, where it is expected to add shareholder value, in accordance with approved policies. The Group’s exposures to structural foreign currency risks are managed with the primary objective of ensuring, where practical, that the consolidated Tier 1 capital ratio is neutral to the eff ect of changes in exchange rates. Selective hedges were in place during the 2011 and 2010 fi nancial years. For details on the hedging instruments used and eff ectiveness of hedges of net investments in foreign operations, refer to note 12 to these fi nancial statements. The Group’s economic hedges against New Zealand Dollar and US Dollar revenue streams are included within ‘Trading’ at note 12. LIQUIDITY RISK (Excludes Insurance and Funds Management) Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group has insuffi cient capacity to fund increases in assets or is unable to meet its payment obligations as they fall due, including repaying depositors or maturing wholesale debt. The timing mismatch of cashfl ows and the related liquidity risk is inherent in all banking operations and is closely monitored by the Group. The Group maintains a portfolio of liquid assets to manage potential stresses in funding sources. The minimum level of liquidity portfolio assets to hold is based on a range of ANZ specifi c and general market liquidity stress scenarios such that potential cash fl ow obligations can be met over the short to medium term. The Group’s liquidity and funding risks are governed by a detailed policy framework which is approved by the Board of Directors. The core objective of the framework is to ensure that the Group has suffi cient liquidity to meet obligations as they fall due, without incurring unacceptable losses. In response to the impact of the global fi nancial crisis, the framework has been reviewed and updated. Notes to the Financial Statements 159 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) LIQUIDITY RISK (Excludes Insurance and Funds Management) ANZ has a low appetite for liquidity risk, as determined by the Board. Key principles of ANZ’s approach to liquidity risk management include: Maintaining the ability to meet all payment obligations in the immediate term. Ensuring that the Group has the ability to meet ‘survival horizons’ under a range of ANZ specifi c and general market liquidity stress scenarios, at the site and Group-wide level, to meet cash fl ow obligations over the short to medium term. Maintaining strength in the Group’s balance sheet structure to ensure long term resilience in the liquidity and funding risk profi le. Limiting the potential earnings at risk implications associated with unexpected increases in funding costs or the liquidation of assets under stress. Ensuring the liquidity management framework is compatible with local regulatory requirements. Preparation of daily liquidity reports and scenario analysis, quantifying the Group’s positions. Targeting a diversifi ed funding base, avoiding undue concentrations by investor type, maturity, market source and currency. Holding a portfolio of high quality liquid assets to protect against adverse funding conditions and to support day-to-day operations. Establishing detailed contingency plans to cover diff erent liquidity crisis events. Management of liquidity and funding risks are overseen by the Group Asset and Liability Committee (GALCO). Scenario modelling A key component of the Group’s liquidity management framework is scenario modelling. APRA requires ADIs to assess liquidity under diff erent scenarios, including the ‘going-concern’ and ‘name-crisis’. ‘Going-concern’: refl ects the normal behaviour of cash fl ows in the ordinary course of business. APRA requires that the Group must be able to meet all commitments and obligations under a going concern scenario, within the ADI’s normal funding capacity (‘available to fund’ limit), over at least the following 30 calendar days. In estimating the funding requirement, the Group models expected cashfl ows by reference to historical behaviour and contractual maturity data. ‘Name-crisis’: refers to a potential name-specifi c liquidity crisis which models the behaviour of cash fl ows where there is a problem (real or perceived) which may include, but is not limited to, operational issues, doubts about the solvency of the Group or adverse rating changes. Under this scenario the Group may have signifi cant diffi culty rolling over or replacing funding. Under a name crisis, APRA requires the Group to be cashfl ow positive over a fi ve business day period. ‘Survival horizons’: The Global fi nancial crisis has highlighted the importance of diff erentiating between stressed and normal market conditions in a name-specifi c crisis, and the diff erent behaviour that off shore and domestic wholesale funding markets can exhibit during market stress events. As a result, the Group has enhanced its liquidity risk scenario modelling to supplement APRA’s statutory requirements. The Group has linked its liquidity risk appetite to defi ned liquidity ‘survival horizons’ (i.e. the time period under which ANZ must maintain a positive cashfl ow position under a specifi c scenario or stress). Under these scenarios, customer and/or wholesale balance sheet asset/liability fl ows are stressed. The following stressed scenarios are modelled: Extreme Short Term Crisis Scenario (ESTC): A name-specifi c stress during a period of market stress. Short Term Crisis Scenario (NSTC): A name-specifi c stress during a period of normal markets conditions. Global Funding Market Disruption (GFMD): Stressed global wholesale funding markets leading to a closure of domestic and off shore markets. Off shore Funding Market Disruption (OFMD): Stressed global wholesale funding markets leading to a closure of off shore markets only. Each of ANZ’s operations is responsible for ensuring its compliance with all scenarios that are required to be modelled. Additionally, the Group measures, monitors and manages all modelled liquidity scenarios on an aggregated Group-wide level. Liquidity portfolio management The Group holds a diversifi ed portfolio of cash and high-quality, highly-liquid securities that may be sold or pledged to provide same-day liquidity. This portfolio helps protect the Group’s liquidity position by providing a source of cash in stressed conditions. All assets held in this portfolio are securities eligible for repurchase under agreements with the applicable central bank (i.e. ‘repo’ eligible). The sizing of the Group’s liquidity portfolio is based on the amount of liquidity required to meet day-to-day operational requirements and potential name crisis or potential wholesale ‘funding stress’ requirements under each of the Group’s various stress scenarios. At 30 September 2011, the volume of eligible securities available, post any repurchase (i.e. ‘repo’) discounts applied by the applicable central bank, was $71.4 billion. To further strengthen the Bank’s balance sheet, the Group continues to maintain strong coverage ratios of liquidity portfolio to maturing wholesale off shore debt maturities. The current liquidity portfolio and other supplementary assets is suffi cient to cover all off shore debt maturities for both long and short term debt. The liquidity portfolio is well diversifi ed by counterparty, currency, and tenor. Under the liquidity policy framework securities purchased must be of a similar or better credit quality to ANZ’s external long-term or short-term credit ratings and continue to be repo eligible. 160 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Supplementing its liquidity position, the Group holds: additional central bank deposits with the US Federal Reserve and Bank of Japan of $10.3 billion; secondary sources of liquidity including Australian Government securities, Australian State Government securities and gold of such as highly liquid instruments in trading portfolios of $9.6 billion; and additional cash and other securities to satisfy local country regulatory liquidity requirements. These other assets are not included in the prime liquidity portfolio outlined below: Eligible securities Prime liquidity portfolio (market values1) Australia New Zealand United States United Kingdom Asia Internal Residential Mortgage Backed Securities (Australia) Internal Residential Mortgage Backed Securities (New Zealand) Total Counterparty credit ratings Long term counterparty/security credit rating2 AAA AA+ AA AA- A+ A Total 2011 $m 20,815 9,141 1,353 2,654 6,682 26,831 3,899 71,375 2010 $m 20,974 7,547 1,275 2,183 4,204 26,657 3,812 66,652 Market Value $m 52,651 10,046 7,311 887 312 168 71,375 1 Market value is post the repo discount applied by the applicable central bank. 2 Where available, based on Standard & Poor’s long-term credit ratings. Liquidity crisis contingency planning The Group maintains APRA-endorsed liquidity crisis contingency plans defi ning an approach for analysing and responding to a liquidity threatening event at a country and Group-wide level. To align with the enhanced liquidity scenario analysis framework, crisis management strategies are assessed against the Group’s crisis stress scenarios. The framework is compliant with APRA’s key liquidity contingency crisis planning requirements and guidelines and includes: the establishment of crisis severity/stress levels; clearly assigned crisis roles and responsibilities; early warning signals indicative of an approaching crisis, and mechanisms to monitor and report these signals; crisis declaration assessment processes, and related escalation triggers set against early warning signals; outlined action plans, and courses of action for altering asset and liability behaviour; procedures for crisis management reporting, and making up cash-fl ow shortfalls; guidelines determining the priority of customer relationships in the event of liquidity problems; and assigned responsibilities for internal and external communications. Notes to the Financial Statements 161 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Regulatory Change Following the publication of earlier discussion papers relating to liquidity prudential requirements, APRA and the Basel Committee on banking Supervision have both made further announcements on this topic. These proposals include enhancements to governance and other qualitative requirements, including the requirement for a clear risk appetite statement on liquidity risk from the Board. Many of these aspects have been integrated into ANZ’s liquidity management framework for some time. The proposed changes to the quantitative requirements, including changes to scenario stress tests and structural liquidity metrics, are more signifi cant. While ANZ has an existing stress scenario framework and structural liquidity risk metrics and limits in place, the requirements proposed are in general more onerous. These changes will impact the future composition and size of ANZ’s liquidity portfolio as well as the size and composition of the Bank’s funding base. APRA is expected to release details on the prudential changes shortly, with compliance against the new liquidity coverage ratio expected to commence in 2015. Group funding ANZ manages its funding profi le using a range of funding metrics and balance sheet disciplines. This approach is designed to ensure that an appropriate proportion of the Group’s assets are funded by stable funding sources including core customer deposits, longer-dated wholesale funding (with a remaining term exceeding one year) and equity. This includes targeting a diversifi ed funding base, avoiding undue concentrations by investor type, maturity, market source and currency. The Group’s global wholesale funding strategy is designed to deliver a sustainable portfolio of wholesale funds that balances cost effi ciency against prudent duration while targeting diversifi cation by markets, investors, currencies, maturities and funding structures. Funding plans and performance relative to those plans are reported regularly to senior management via the Group Asset and Liability Committee (GALCO). These plans address customer balance sheet growth and changes in wholesale funding including, targeted funding volumes, markets, investors, tenors and currencies for senior, subordinated and hybrid transactions. Plans are supplemented with a monthly forecasting process which reviews the funding position in light of market conditions and balance sheet requirements. Funding plans are generated through the three-year strategic planning process. Asset and deposit plans are submitted at the business segment level with the wholesale funding requirements then derived at the geographic level. To the extent that asset growth exceeds funding generated from customer deposits, additional wholesale funds are sourced. Short-term wholesale funding requirements, with a contractual maturity of less than one year, are managed through Group Treasury and local Markets operations. Long-term wholesale funding is managed and executed through Group Treasury operations in Australia and New Zealand. Funding position 2011 Customer deposits and other funding liabilities increased by 16% to $308.2 billion and now represents 61% of all funding, an increase of 3% from September 2010. $18.0 billion of term wholesale debt (with a remaining term greater than one year), including $2.4 billion of pre- funding executed during full year 2010, was issued during the 2011 fi nancial year. In addition, ANZ raised $1.34 billion in hybrid capital, taking the total term debt and hybrid issuance for the 2011 fi nancial year to $19.4 billion. As at September 2011, term wholesale funding represented 12% of total funding, a decrease from 16% as at September 2010 (partly due to 2011 fi nancial year pre-funding completed during 2010 fi nancial year). ANZ maintained access to all major global wholesale funding markets during 2011. Over 70% of term funding requirements were completed during the fi rst half, before market conditions began to deteriorate. Benchmark term debt issues were completed in AUD, USD, JPY, CHF, CAD and NZD. All short-term wholesale funding needs were comfortably met, despite an increase in volatility in off shore markets and a general shortening of tenor preference from US money market investors. The weighted average tenor of new term debt issuance was 4.7 years (unchanged year-on-year). The weighted average cost of new term debt issuance during 2011 declined marginally (4bps) relative to 2010. Average portfolio costs remain substantially above pre-crisis levels and continue to increase as maturing term wholesale funding is replaced at higher spreads. Over the past year strong customer deposit growth and stable term debt issuance has allowed ANZ to maintain a low reliance on short-term wholesale funding markets. The proportion of total funding sourced from short-term wholesale funding markets was unchanged at 12% between September 2010 and September 2011. 162 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) The following tables show the Group’s funding composition: Funding composition Customer deposits and other liabilities1 Australia Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America New Zealand Total customer deposits Other2 Total customer deposits and other liabilities (funding) Wholesale funding Bonds and notes Loan capital Certifi cates of deposit (wholesale) Commercial paper Liability for acceptances3 Due to other fi nancial institutions Other wholesale borrowing4 Total wholesale funds Shareholders’ equity (excluding preference shares) Total funding Total funding maturity Short term wholesale funding Long term wholesale funding – Less than 1 year residual maturity – Greater than 1 year residual maturity5 Total customer deposits and other liabilities (funding) Shareholders’ equity and hybrid debt Total funding and shareholders’ equity Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m 183,216 64,828 48,710 296,754 11,450 164,795 46,610 45,470 256,875 9,113 308,204 265,988 56,551 11,993 55,554 14,333 970 23,012 (1,128) 59,714 12,280 39,530 11,641 11,495 21,610 2,140 161,285 158,410 37,083 33,284 506,572 457,682 12% 6% 12% 61% 9% 12% 6% 16% 58% 8% 100% 100% Includes term deposits, other deposits excluding securitisation deposits and an adjustment to eliminate OnePath Australia investments in ANZ deposit products. Includes interest accruals, payables and other liabilities, provisions and net tax provisions, excluding other liabilities in OnePath. 1 2 3 The decrease in liability for acceptances is due to a switch in products used for funding purpose. 4 5 Long term wholesale funding amounts are stated at original hedged exchange rates. Movements due to currency fluctuations in actual amounts borrowed are classified as short term Includes net derivative balances, special purpose vehicles, other borrowings and preference share capital Euro hybrids. wholesale funding. Liquidity risk – Insurance and Funds Management The Group’s insurance and fund management businesses, such as OnePath Australia Limited (formerly ING Australia Limited), also apply their own liquidity and funding methods to address their specifi c needs. As at 30 September 2011 a number of investment options in the life insurance statutory funds were suspended due to the prescribed limits on their liquidity facilities being reached. These suspensions are not a consequence of any performance issue of the Life Company and do not aff ect the Group’s future performance or distributions. The Net Market Value of suspended funds is $524 million (2010: $907 million). Notes to the Financial Statements 163 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Contractual maturity analysis of the Group’s liabilities The tables below analyse the Group’s and Company’s contractual liabilities, within relevant maturity groupings based on the earliest date on which the Group or Company may be required to pay. The amounts represent principal and interest cash fl ows and hence may diff er compared to the amounts reported on the balance sheet. It should be noted that this is not how the Group manages its liquidity risk. The management of this risk is detailed above. Contractual maturity analysis of fi nancial liabilities at 30 September 2011: Consolidated at 30 September 2011 Due to other fi nancial institutions Deposits and other borrowings Certifi cates of deposit Term deposits Other deposits bearing interest Deposits not bearing interest Commercial paper Borrowing corporations’ debt Other borrowings Liability for acceptances Bonds and notes3 Loan capital3,4 Policy liabilities External unit holder liabilities (life insurance funds) Derivative liabilities (trading)5 Derivative assets and liabilities (balance sheet management) – Funding Receive leg (-ve is an infl ow) Pay leg – Other balance sheet management Receive leg (-ve is an infl ow) Pay leg Consolidated at 30 September 2010 Due to other fi nancial institutions Deposits and other borrowings Certifi cates of deposit Term deposits Other deposits bearing interest Deposits not bearing interest Commercial paper Borrowing corporations’ debt Other borrowings Liability for acceptances Bonds and notes3 Loan capital3,4 Policy liabilities External unit holder liabilities (life insurance funds) Derivative liabilities (trading)5 Derivative assets and liabilities (balance sheet management) – Funding Receive leg (-ve is an infl ow) Pay leg – Other balance sheet management Receive leg (-ve is an infl ow) Pay leg Less than 3 months1 $m 21,525 33,740 110,265 130,741 11,334 9,907 773 2,053 921 4,854 352 26,619 5,033 39,061 3 to 12 months $m 1,427 5,949 42,039 – – 4,433 487 – 49 11,777 2,211 – – – 1 to 5 years $m 37 18,440 4,230 – – – 328 – – 36,773 5,166 – – – After 5 years $m 49 – 38 – – – – – – 6,997 5,273 – – – No maturity specifi ed2 $m Total $m – 23,038 – – – – – – – – – 964 884 – – 58,129 156,572 130,741 11,334 14,340 1,588 2,053 970 60,401 13,966 27,503 5,033 39,061 (24,477) 25,202 (24,133) 26,749 (78,670) 81,837 (13,827) 14,970 (2,763) 2,785 (4,677) 4,835 (10,865) 10,910 (1,812) 1,746 – – – – (141,107) 148,758 (20,117) 20,276 Less than 3 months1 $m 20,119 15,919 95,714 109,279 10,598 6,266 797 2,141 11,265 5,506 341 28,002 5,448 17,830 3 to 12 months $m 367 8,163 41,325 – – 5,378 619 – 230 11,349 1,230 – – – 1 to 5 years $m 56 17,821 3,084 – – – 544 – – 40,080 7,955 – – – After 5 years $m – – 102 – – – – – – 5,830 3,240 – – – No maturity specifi ed2 $m Total $m – 20,542 – – – – – – – – – 945 979 – – 41,903 140,225 109,279 10,598 11,644 1,960 2,141 11,495 62,765 13,711 28,981 5,448 17,830 (30,149) 32,748 (27,419) 30,457 (87,059) 95,752 (13,911) 15,317 (2,511) 2,638 (5,161) 5,371 (11,091) 11,075 (1,276) 1,225 – – – – (158,538) 174,274 (20,039) 20,309 Includes at call instruments. Includes perpetual investments brought in at face value only. 1 2 3 Any callable wholesale debt instruments have been included at their next call date. 4 5 The full mark-to-market of derivative liabilities held for trading purposes has been included in the ’less than 3 months’ category. Includes instruments that may be settled in cash or in equity, at the option of the Company. 164 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) The Company at 30 September 2011 Due to other fi nancial institutions Deposits and other borrowings Certifi cates of deposit Term deposits Other deposits bearing interest Deposits not bearing interest Commercial paper Borrowing corporations’ debt Other borrowings Liability for acceptances Bonds and notes3 Loan capital3,4 Derivative liabilities (trading)5 Derivative assets and liabilities (balance sheet management) – Funding Receive leg (-ve is an infl ow) Pay leg – Other balance sheet management Receive leg (-ve is an infl ow) Pay leg The Company at 30 September 2010 Due to other fi nancial institutions Deposits and other borrowings Certifi cates of deposit Term deposits Other deposits bearing interest Deposits not bearing interest Commercial paper Borrowing corporations’ debt Other borrowings Liability for acceptances Bonds and notes3 Loan capital3,4 Derivative liabilities (trading)5 Derivative assets and liabilities (balance sheet management) – Funding Receive leg (-ve is an infl ow) Pay leg – Other balance sheet management Receive leg (-ve is an infl ow) Pay leg Less than 3 months1 $m 19,989 32,165 93,805 113,140 5,974 7,259 – – 645 3,626 271 35,418 3 to 12 months $m 1,344 5,867 30,048 – – 3,317 – – 42 9,596 2,175 – 1 to 5 years $m 37 18,440 2,142 – – – – – – 27,775 5,184 – After 5 years $m – – 39 – – – – – – 6,736 4,803 – (8,773) 10,122 (14,565) 16,550 (53,934) 57,263 (13,827) 14,970 (2,167) 2,109 (3,485) 3,539 (8,808) 8,759 (1,619) 1,547 No maturity specifi ed2 $m Total $m – 21,370 – – – – – – – – – 308 – – – – – 56,472 126,034 113,140 5,974 10,576 – – 687 47,733 12,741 35,418 (91,099) 98,905 (16,079) 15,954 Less than 3 months1 $m 18,469 13,558 83,541 95,001 5,677 2,941 – 121 11,287 5,128 328 17,998 3 to 12 months $m 367 8,044 26,787 – – 3,139 – – 230 9,517 1,189 – 1 to 5 years $m 34 17,818 1,878 – – – – – – 29,686 7,347 – After 5 years $m – – 101 – – – – – – 5,747 3,240 – No maturity specifi ed2 $m Total $m – 18,870 – – – – – – – – – 310 – 39,420 112,307 95,001 5,677 6,080 – 121 11,517 50,078 12,414 17,998 (18,851) 20,980 (18,240) 21,009 (56,764) 64,847 (13,911) 15,317 (1,901) 1,886 (3,926) 3,978 (9,161) 8,954 (1,205) 1,117 – – – – (107,766) 122,153 (16,193) 15,935 Includes at call instruments. Includes perpetual investments brought in at face value only. 1 2 3 Any callable wholesale debt instruments have been included at their next call date. 4 5 The full mark-to-market of derivative liabilities held for trading purposes has been included in the ’less than 3 months’ category. Includes instruments that may be settled in cash or in equity, at the option of the Company. Notes to the Financial Statements 165 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) CREDIT RELATED CONTINGENCIES Undrawn facilities and issued guarantees comprises the nominal principal amounts of commitments, contingencies and other undrawn facilities and represents the maximum liquidity at risk position should all facilities extended be drawn. The majority of undrawn facilities are subject to customers maintaining specifi c credit and other requirements or conditions. Many of these facilities are expected to be partially used, whereas others may never be required to be drawn upon. As such, the total of the nominal principal amounts is not necessarily representative of future liquidity risks or future cash requirements. The tables below analyse the Group’s and Company’s undrawn facilities and issued guarantees into relevant maturity groupings based on the earliest date on which ANZ may be required to pay. 30 September 2011 Undrawn facilities Issued guarantees 30 September 2010 Undrawn facilities Issued guarantees Less than 1 year $m 137,889 31,210 Consolidated More than 1 year $m Total $m – – 137,889 31,210 Less than 1 year $m 117,107 28,269 The Company More than 1 year $m Total $m – – 117,107 28,269 Less than 1 year $m 124,029 27,485 Consolidated More than 1 year $m Total $m – – 124,029 27,485 Less than 1 year $m 106,403 25,745 The Company More than 1 year $m Total $m – – 106,403 25,745 LIFE INSURANCE RISK Although not a signifi cant contributor to the Group’s balance sheet, the Group’s insurance businesses give rise to unique risks which are managed separately from the Group’s banking businesses. The nature of these risks and the manner in which they are managed is set out in note 49. OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT Within ANZ, operational risk is defi ned as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. This defi nition includes legal risk, and the risk of reputational loss or damage arising from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, but excludes strategic risk. The authority for operational risk oversight is delegated by the Board to the Board Risk Committee. The Operational Risk Executive Committee (OREC) supports the Board Risk Committee in respect of operational risk oversight which includes compliance with regulatory obligations. The key responsibilities of OREC include: endorse ANZ’s Operational Risk Management and Measurement Framework for approval by the Risk Committee of the Board; approve Operational Risk and Compliance policies; approve ANZ’s Group Compliance Framework; monitoring the state of operational risk management and instigating any necessary corrective actions; review all material actual, potential or near miss risk events; approve extreme rated risk treatment plans; and monitor associated treatment plans. 166 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33: Financial Risk Management (continued) Membership of OREC comprises senior executives and the committee is chaired by the Chief Risk Offi cer. Business unit staff and line management have fi rst line accountability for the day-to-day management of operational risk. This includes implementation of the operational risk framework and involvement in decision making processes concerning all material operational risk matters. Divisional risk governance functions provide oversight of operational risk undertaken in the business units. Divisional Risk Committees and Business Unit Risk Forums manage and maintain oversight of operational risks supported by thresholds for escalation and monitoring. Group Operational Risk are responsible for exercising governance over operational risk through the management of the operational risk framework, policy development, framework assurance, operational risk measurement and capital allocation, fraud strategy and reporting of operational risk matters to executive committees. ANZ’s Operational Risk Management and Measurement Framework outlines the approach to managing operational risk and specifi cally covers the minimum requirements that divisions/business units must undertake in the management of operational risk. ANZ’s Operational Risk Management and Measurement Framework is supported by specifi c policies and procedures with the eff ectiveness of the framework assessed through a series of assurance reviews. This is supported by an independent review programme by Internal Audit. The operational risk management process adopted by ANZ consists of a staged approach involving establishing the context, identifi cation, analysis, assessment, treatment and monitoring of current, new and emerging operational risks. In line with industry practice, ANZ obtains insurance cover from third party and captive providers to cover those operational risks where cost- eff ective premiums can be obtained. In conducting their business, business units are advised to act as if uninsured and not to use insurance as a guaranteed mitigation for operational risk. Business disruption is a critical risk to a bank’s ability to operate, so ANZ has comprehensive business continuity, recovery and crisis management plans. The intention of the business continuity and recovery plans is to ensure critical business functions can be maintained, or restored in a timely fashion, in the event of material disruptions arising from internal or external events. Group Operational Risk is responsible for maintaining ANZ’s Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) for operational risk regulatory capital calculations. ANZ uses a scenario analysis based methodology to assess exposure to unexpected operational risk events and uses probability distributions and monte carlo simulations to model, calculate and allocate its operational risk regulatory capital (ORRC). This methodology incorporates the use of business risk profi les which consider the current business environment and internal control factors over a 12 month time horizon along with external loss event data. 34: Fair value of fi nancial assets and fi nancial liabilities Fair value is the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction. The determination of the fair value of fi nancial instruments is fundamental to the fi nancial reporting framework as all fi nancial instruments are recognised initially at fair value and, with the exception of those fi nancial instruments carried at amortised cost, are remeasured at fair value in subsequent periods. The fair value of a fi nancial instrument on initial recognition is normally the transaction price, however, in certain circumstances the initial fair value may be based on other observable current market transactions in the same instrument, without modifi cation or repackaging, or on a valuation technique whose variables include only data from observable markets. Subsequent to initial recognition, the fair value of fi nancial instruments measured at fair value is based on quoted market prices, where available. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair value is determined using market accepted valuation techniques that employ observable market data. In limited cases where observable market data is not available, the input is estimated based on other observable market data, historical trends and other factors that may be relevant. (i) Fair values of fi nancial assets and fi nancial liabilities A signifi cant number of fi nancial instruments are carried at fair value in the balance sheet. Below is a comparison of the carrying amounts, as reported on the balance sheet, and fair values of all fi nancial assets and liabilities. The fair value disclosure does not cover those instruments that are not considered fi nancial instruments from an accounting perspective such as income tax and intangible assets. In management’s view, the aggregate fair value amounts do not represent the underlying value of the Group. In the tables below, fi nancial instruments have been allocated based on their accounting treatment. The signifi cant accounting policies in note 1 describe how the categories of fi nancial assets and fi nancial liabilities are measured and how income and expenses, including fair value gains and losses, are recognised. Financial asset classes have been allocated into the following groups: amortised cost; fi nancial assets at fair value through profi t or loss; derivatives in eff ective hedging relationships; and available-for-sale fi nancial assets. Similarly, each class of fi nancial liability has been allocated into three groups: amortised cost; derivatives in eff ective hedging relationships; and fi nancial liabilities at fair value through profi t and loss. The fair values are based on relevant information available as at the respective balance sheet dates and have not been updated to refl ect changes in market condition after the balance sheet date. Notes to the Financial Statements 167 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 34: Fair Value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (continued) FINANCIAL ASSETS Consolidated 30 September 2011 Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments1 Available-for-sale assets Loans and advances2 Customers’ liability for acceptances Investments backing policy liabilities Other fi nancial assets Consolidated 30 September 2010 Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments1 Available-for-sale assets Loans and advances2 Customers’ liability for acceptances Investments backing policy liabilities Other fi nancial assets The Company 30 September 2011 Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments1 Available-for-sale assets Loans and advances2 Customers’ liability for acceptances Other fi nancial assets At amortised cost At fair value through profi t or loss Hedging Available-for- sale assets Total Total Carrying amount Fair value Designated on initial recognition $m – – – – – 138 – 29,859 – 29,997 $m 24,899 8,824 – – – 396,199 970 – 6,485 437,377 Held for trading $m – – 36,074 51,394 – – – – – 87,468 Sub-total $m – – 36,074 51,394 – 138 – 29,859 – 117,465 $m – – – 2,724 – – – – – 2,724 $m – – – – 22,264 – – – – 22,264 $m 24,899 8,824 36,074 54,118 22,264 396,337 970 29,859 6,485 579,830 $m 24,899 8,824 36,074 54,118 22,264 396,626 970 29,859 6,485 580,119 At amortised cost At fair value through profi t or loss Hedging Available-for- sale assets Total Total Carrying amount Fair value Designated on initial recognition $m – – – – – 192 – 32,171 – 32,363 $m 18,945 5,481 – – – 351,705 11,495 – 5,668 393,294 Held for trading $m – – 33,515 35,229 – – – – – 68,744 Sub-total $m – – 33,515 35,229 – 192 – 32,171 – 101,107 $m – – – 2,592 – – – – – 2,592 $m – – – – 20,742 – – – – 20,742 $m 18,945 5,481 33,515 37,821 20,742 351,897 11,495 32,171 5,668 517,735 $m 18,945 5,481 33,515 37,821 20,742 351,963 11,495 32,171 5,668 517,801 At amortised cost At fair value through profi t or loss Hedging Available-for- sale assets Total Total Carrying amount Fair value Designated on initial recognition $m – – – – – 97 – – 97 $m 20,555 6,338 – – 323,189 688 3,463 354,233 Held for trading $m – – 28,367 46,085 – – – – 74,452 Sub-total $m – – 28,367 46,085 – 97 – – 74,549 $m – – – 2,271 – – – – 2,271 $m – – – – 19,017 – – – 19,017 $m 20,555 6,338 28,367 48,356 19,017 323,286 688 3,463 450,070 $m 20,555 6,338 28,367 48,356 19,017 323,399 688 3,463 450,183 1 Derivative financial instruments classified as ‘held for trading’ include derivatives entered into as economic hedges which are not designated as accounting hedges. 2 Fair value hedging is applied to financial assets within loans and advances. The resulting fair value adjustments mean that the carrying value differs from the amortised cost. 168 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 34: Fair Value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (continued) FINANCIAL ASSETS (continued) The Company 30 September 2010 Liquid assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments1 Available-for-sale assets Loans and advances2 Customers’ liability for acceptances Other fi nancial assets At amortised cost At fair value through profi t or loss Hedging Available-for- sale assets Total Total Carrying amount Fair value Designated on initial recognition $m – – – – – 139 – – 139 $m 16,047 4,136 – – – 280,300 11,517 3,707 315,707 Held for trading $m – – 28,305 32,242 – – – – 60,547 Sub-total $m – – 28,305 32,242 – 139 – – 60,686 $m – – – 1,949 – – – – 1,949 $m – – – – 16,973 – – – 16,973 $m 16,047 4,136 28,305 34,191 16,973 280,439 11,517 3,707 395,315 $m 16,047 4,136 28,305 34,191 16,973 280,520 11,517 3,707 395,396 1 Derivative financial instruments classified as ‘held for trading’ include derivatives entered into as economic hedges which are not designated as accounting hedges. 2 Fair value hedging is applied to financial assets within loans and advances. The resulting fair value adjustments mean that the carrying value differs from the amortised cost. LIQUID ASSETS AND DUE FROM/TO OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS The carrying values of these fi nancial instruments where there has been no signifi cant change in credit risk is considered to approximate their net fair values as they are short-term in nature, defi ned as those which reprice or mature in 90 days or less, or are receivable on demand. TRADING SECURITIES Trading securities are carried at fair value. Fair value is based on quoted market prices, broker or dealer price quotations, or modelled valuations using prices for securities with similar credit risk, maturity and yield characteristics. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Derivative fi nancial instruments are carried at fair value. Exchange traded derivative fi nancial instruments are valued using quoted prices. Over-the-counter derivative fi nancial instruments are valued using accepted valuation models (including discounted cash fl ow models) based on current market yields for similar types of instruments and the maturity of each instrument and an adjustment refl ecting the credit worthiness of the counterparty. AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE ASSETS Available-for-sale assets are carried at fair value. Fair value is based on quoted market prices or broker or dealer price quotations. If this information is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for securities with similar credit, maturity and yield characteristics, or market accepted valuation models as appropriate (including discounted cash fl ow models) based on current market yields for similar types of instruments and the maturity of each instrument. NET LOANS AND ADVANCES AND ACCEPTANCES The carrying value of loans and advances and acceptances includes deferred fees and expenses, and is net of provision for credit impairment and unearned income. Fair value has been determined through discounting future cash fl ows. For fi xed rate loans and advances and acceptances, the discount rate applied incorporates changes in wholesale market rates, the Group’s cost of wholesale funding and movements in customer margin. For fl oating rate loans, only changes in wholesale market rates and the Group’s cost of wholesale funding are incorporated in the discount rate. For variable rate loans where the Group sets the applicable rate at its discretion, the fair value is set equal to the carrying value. INVESTMENTS BACKING POLICY LIABILITIES Investments backing policy liabilities are carried at fair value. Fair value is based on quoted market prices, broker or dealer price quotations where available. Where substantial trading markets do not exist for a specifi c fi nancial instrument modelled valuations are used to estimate their approximate fair values. OTHER FINANCIAL ASSETS Included in this category are accrued interest and fees receivable. The carrying values of accrued interest and fees receivable are considered to approximate their net fair values as they are short-term in nature or are receivable on demand. Notes to the Financial Statements 169 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 34: Fair Value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (continued) FINANCIAL LIABILITIES Consolidated 30 September 2011 Due to other fi nancial institutions Derivative fi nancial instruments1 Deposits and other borrowings Liability for acceptances Bonds and notes2 Loan capital2 Policy liabilities3 External unit holder liabilities (life insurance funds) Payables and other liabilities Consolidated 30 September 2010 Due to other fi nancial institutions Derivative fi nancial instruments1 Deposits and other borrowings Liability for acceptances Bonds and notes2 Loan capital2 Policy liabilities3 External unit holder liabilities (life insurance funds) Payables and other liabilities The Company 30 September 2011 Due to other fi nancial institutions Derivative fi nancial instruments1 Deposits and other borrowings Liability for acceptances Bonds and notes2 Loan capital2 Payables and other liabilities At amortised cost At fair value through profi t or loss Hedging Total Total Carrying amount Fair value Designated on initial recognition $m – – 3,764 – 7,992 638 26,619 5,033 – 44,046 $m 23,012 – 364,965 970 48,559 11,355 884 – 8,421 458,166 Held for trading $m – 48,931 – – – – – – – 48,931 Sub-total $m – 48,931 3,764 – 7,992 638 26,619 5,033 – 92,977 $m – 1,157 – – – – – – – 1,157 $m 23,012 50,088 368,729 970 56,551 11,993 27,503 5,033 8,421 552,300 $m 23,012 50,088 369,035 970 56,403 11,849 27,503 5,033 8,421 552,314 At amortised cost At fair value through profi t or loss Hedging Total Total Carrying amount Fair value Designated on initial recognition $m – – 5,561 – 8,107 1,009 28,002 5,448 – 48,127 $m 21,610 – 304,822 11,495 51,607 11,271 979 – 7,462 409,246 Held for trading $m – 36,083 – – – – – – – 36,083 Sub-total $m – 36,083 5,561 – 8,107 1,009 28,002 5,448 – 84,210 $m – 1,134 – – – – – – – 1,134 $m 21,610 37,217 310,383 11,495 59,714 12,280 28,981 5,448 7,462 494,590 $m 21,610 37,217 310,464 11,495 59,970 12,119 28,981 5,448 7,462 494,766 At amortised cost At fair value through profi t or loss Hedging Total Total Carrying amount Fair value Designated on initial recognition $m – – – – 7,992 638 – 8,630 $m 21,345 – 307,254 688 36,878 10,179 5,644 381,988 Held for trading $m – 43,492 – – – – – 43,492 Sub-total $m – 43,492 – – 7,992 638 – 52,122 $m – 795 – – – – – 795 $m 21,345 44,287 307,254 688 44,870 10,817 5,644 434,905 $m 21,345 44,287 307,477 688 44,677 10,705 5,644 434,823 1 Derivative financial instruments classified as ‘held for trading’ include derivatives entered into as economic hedges which are not designated as accounting hedges. 2 Fair value hedging is applied to financial liabilities within bonds and notes and loan capital. The resulting fair value adjustments mean that the carrying value differs from the amortised cost. Includes life insurance contract liabilities of $884 million (2010: $979) measured in accordance with AASB 1038 Life insurance contract liabilities and life investment contract liabilities of 3 $26,619 million (2010: $28,002) which have been designated at fair value through profit or loss in terms under AASB 139. None of the fair value is attributable to changes in the credit risk of the life investment contract liabilities. 170 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 34: Fair Value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (continued) FINANCIAL LIABILITIES (continued) The Company 30 September 2010 Due to other fi nancial institutions Derivative fi nancial instruments1 Deposits and other borrowings Liability for acceptances Bonds and notes2 Loan capital2 Payables and other liabilities At amortised cost At fair value through profi t or loss Hedging Total Total Carrying amount Fair value Designated on initial recognition $m – – – – 8,107 1,009 – 9,116 $m 19,939 – 252,518 11,517 40,071 9,918 5,502 339,465 Held for trading $m – 33,949 – – – – – 33,949 Sub-total $m – 33,949 – – 8,107 1,009 – 43,065 $m – 698 – – – – – 698 $m 19,939 34,647 252,518 11,517 48,178 10,927 5,502 383,228 $m 19,939 34,647 252,545 11,517 48,407 10,804 5,502 383,361 1 Derivative financial instruments classified as ‘held for trading’ include derivatives entered into as economic hedges which are not designated as accounting hedges. 2 Fair value hedging is applied to financial liabilities within bonds and notes and loan capital. The resulting fair value adjustments mean that the carrying value differs from the amortised cost. DEPOSITS AND OTHER BORROWINGS For interest bearing fi xed maturity deposits and other borrowings and acceptances with quoted market prices, market borrowing rates of interest for debt with a similar maturity are used to discount contractual cash fl ows. The fair value of a deposit liability without a specifi ed maturity or at call is deemed to be the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value is not adjusted for any value expected to be derived from retaining the deposit for a future period of time. Certain deposits and other borrowings have been designated at fair value through profi t or loss and are carried at fair value. BONDS AND NOTES AND LOAN CAPITAL The aggregate fair value of bonds and notes and loan capital is calculated based on quoted market prices or observable inputs where applicable. For those debt issues where quoted market prices were not available, a discounted cash fl ow model using a yield curve appropriate for the remaining term to maturity of the debt instrument is used. Certain bonds and notes and loan capital have been designated at fair value through profi t or loss and are carried at fair value. The fair value is based on a discounted cash fl ow model based on current market yields for similar types of instruments and the maturity of each instrument. The fair value includes the eff ects of the appropriate credit spreads applicable to ANZ for that instrument. EXTERNAL UNIT HOLDER LIABILITIES (LIFE INSURANCE FUNDS) The carrying amount represents the external unit holder’s share of net assets which are carried at fair value in the fund. LIFE INVESTMENT CONTRACT LIABILITIES Life investment contract liabilities are carried at fair value. PAYABLES AND OTHER FINANCIAL LIABILITIES This category includes accrued interest and fees payable for which the carrying amount is considered to approximate the fair value. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Adjustments to fair value for commitments and contingencies that are not fi nancial instruments recognised in the balance sheet, are not included in this note. (ii) Valuation methodology A signifi cant number of fi nancial instruments are carried on balance sheet at fair value. The best evidence of fair value is a quoted price in an active market. Accordingly, wherever possible fair value is based on the quoted market price of the fi nancial instrument. In the event that there is no quoted market price for the instrument, fair value is based on present value estimates or other market accepted valuation techniques. The valuation models incorporate the impact of bid/ask spread, counterparty credit spreads and other factors that would infl uence the fair value determined by a market participant. The majority of valuation techniques employ only observable market data. However, for certain fi nancial instruments the valuation technique may employ some data (valuation inputs or components) which is not readily observable in the current market. In these cases valuation inputs (or components of the overall value) are derived and extrapolated from other relevant market data and tested against historic transactions and observed market trends. Valuations using one or more non-observable data inputs require professional judgement. ANZ has a control framework that ensures that the fair value is either determined or validated by a function independent of the party that undertakes the transaction. Where quoted market prices are used, independent price determination or validation is obtained. For fair values determined using a valuation model, the control framework may include, as applicable, independent development or validation of: (i) valuation models; (ii) any inputs to those models; and (iii) any adjustments required outside of the valuation model, and, where possible, independent validation of model outputs. Notes to the Financial Statements 171 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 34: Fair Value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (continued) The tables below provide an analysis of the methodology used for valuing fi nancial assets and fi nancial liabilities carried at fair value. The fair value of the fi nancial instrument has been allocated in full to the category which most appropriately refl ects the determination of the fair value. This allocation is based on the categorisation of the lowest level input into a valuation model or a valuation component that is signifi cant to the reported fair value of the fi nancial instrument. The signifi cance of an input is assessed against the reported fair value of the fi nancial instrument and considers various factors specifi c to the fi nancial instrument. The ‘quoted market price’ category includes fi nancial instruments valued using quoted yields where available for specifi c debt securities. The methods used in valuing diff erent classes of fi nancial assets or liabilities are described in section (i) on pages 167 to 171. There have been no substantial changes in the valuation techniques applied to diff erent classes of fi nancial instruments since the previous year. The Group continuously monitors the relevance of inputs used and calibrates its valuation models where there is evidence that changes are required to ensure that the resulting valuations remain appropriate. Consolidated Financial assets Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale fi nancial assets Investments backing policy liabilities Loans and advances (designated at fair value) Financial liabilities Derivative fi nancial instruments Deposits and other borrowings (designated at fair value) Bonds and notes (designated at fair value) Policy liabilities External unit holder liabilities (life insurance funds) Loan capital (designated at fair value) The Company Financial assets Trading securities Derivative fi nancial instruments Available-for-sale fi nancial assets Loans and advances (designated at fair value) Financial liabilities Derivative fi nancial instruments Bonds and notes (designated at fair value) Loan capital (designated at fair value) Valuation technique Quoted market price Using observable inputs 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 24,298 2,711 19,219 14,766 – 60,994 22,690 2,050 17,816 16,585 – 59,141 11,714 50,798 2,526 14,734 138 79,910 10,775 35,321 2,280 15,115 192 63,683 With signifi cant non-observable inputs 2011 $m 62 609 519 359 – 2010 $m 50 450 646 471 – Total 2011 $m 2010 $m 36,074 54,118 22,264 29,859 138 33,515 37,821 20,742 32,171 192 1,549 1,617 142,453 124,441 2,847 2,143 46,452 34,428 789 646 50,088 37,217 – – – – – – – – – – 2,847 2,143 3,764 7,992 26,619 5,033 638 90,498 5,561 8,107 28,002 5,448 1,009 82,555 – – – – – – – – – – 789 646 3,764 7,992 26,619 5,033 638 94,134 5,561 8,107 28,002 5,448 1,009 85,344 Valuation technique Quoted market price Using observable inputs 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 19,733 2,689 17,724 – 40,146 2,833 – – 2,833 19,888 2,047 15,738 – 37,673 2,109 – – 2,109 8,572 45,058 921 97 54,648 40,665 7,992 638 49,295 8,367 31,694 826 139 41,026 31,892 8,107 1,009 41,008 With signifi cant non-observable inputs 2011 $m 62 609 372 – 1,043 789 – – 789 2010 $m 50 450 409 – 909 646 – – 646 Total 2011 $m 2010 $m 28,367 48,356 19,017 97 95,837 44,287 7,992 638 52,917 28,305 34,191 16,973 139 79,608 34,647 8,107 1,009 43,763 172 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 34: Fair Value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (continued) (iii) Additional information for fi nancial instruments carried at fair value where the valuation incorporates non-observable market data CHANGES IN FAIR VALUE The following table presents the composition of fi nancial instruments measured at fair value with signifi cant non-observable inputs. Consolidated Asset backed securities Illiquid corporate bonds and loans Structured credit products Managed funds (suspended) Alternative assets Other derivatives Total The Company Asset backed securities Illiquid corporate bonds and loans Structured credit products Other derivatives Total Financial assets Trading securities Derivatives Available-for-sale Investments backing policy liabilities Financial liabilities Derivatives 2011 $m 2010 $m 62 – – – – – 62 62 – – – 62 50 – – – – – 50 50 – – – 50 2011 $m – – 605 – – 4 609 – – 605 4 609 2010 $m – – 445 – – 5 450 – – 445 5 450 2011 $m 5 514 – – – – 519 – 372 – – 372 2010 $m – 555 91 – – – 646 – 409 – – 409 2011 $m – – 110 159 90 – 359 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 2010 $m – – 110 266 95 – 471 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 2011 $m – – (788) – – (1) (789) – – (788) (1) (789) 2010 $m – – (624) – – (22) (646) – – (624) (22) (646) Asset backed securities and illiquid corporate bonds comprise illiquid bonds where the eff ect on fair value of issuer credit cannot be directly or indirectly observed in the market. Structured credit products categorised in derivatives comprise the structured credit intermediation trades that the Group entered into from 2004 to 2007 whereby it sold protection using credit default swaps over certain structures, and mitigated risk by purchasing protection via credit default swaps from US fi nancial guarantors over the same structures. These trades are valued using complex models with certain inputs relating to the reference assets and derivative counterparties not being observable in the market. Investments in structured credit products comprise collateralised debt and loan obligations where there is a lack of active trading and limited observable market data. Managed funds (suspended) are comprised of fi xed income and mortgage investments in managed funds that are illiquid and are not currently redeemable. Notes to the Financial Statements 173 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 34: Fair Value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (continued) The following table details movements in the balance of these fi nancial assets and liabilities. Derivatives are categorised on a portfolio basis and classifi ed as either fi nancial assets or fi nancial liabilities based on whether the closing balance is an unrealised gain or loss. This could be diff erent to the opening balance. Consolidated Opening balance New purchases and issues1 Disposals/sales and cash settlements Transfers: Transfers into the category Transfers out of the category Fair value gain/(loss) recorded in the income statement Fair value gain/(loss) recognised in other comprehensive income Closing balance The Company Opening balance New purchases and issues Disposals/sales and cash settlements Transfers: Transfers into the category Transfers out of the category Fair value gain/(loss) recorded in the income statement Fair value gain/(loss) recognised in other comprehensive income Closing balance Financial assets Financial liabilities Trading securities Derivatives Available-for-sale Investments backing policy liabilities Derivatives 2011 $m 50 – – – – 12 – 62 50 – – – – 12 – 62 2010 $m 148 – – – – (98) – 50 148 – – – – (98) – 50 2011 $m 450 – (18) – (3) 180 – 609 450 – (18) – (3) 180 – 609 2010 $m 745 – (16) – (35) (244) – 450 745 – (16) – (35) (244) – 450 2011 $m 646 9 (139) – – 20 (17) 2010 $m 881 150 (383) – (26) (5) 29 519 646 409 – (7) – – – (30) 372 616 50 (231) – (26) (7) 7 409 2011 $m 471 – (92) – – (20) – 359 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 2010 $m – 526 (24) – – (31) – 471 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 2011 $m (646) – 21 – 17 (181) – (789) 2010 $m (1,054) – 2 – 20 386 – (646) (646) – 21 (1,054) – 2 – 17 (181) – (789) – 20 386 – (646) 1 Included in new purchases and issues in 2010 are $482 million of investments backing policyholder liabilities and $100 million of available-for-sale financial assets acquired as part of the purchase of the OnePath businesses in Australia and New Zealand. 174 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 34: Fair Value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (continued) SENSITIVITY TO DATA INPUTS Where valuation techniques use assumptions due to signifi cant data inputs not being directly observed in the market place, changing these assumptions changes the resultant estimate of fair value. The majority of transactions in this category are ‘back-to-back’ in nature where ANZ either acts as a fi nancial intermediary or hedges market risks. Similarly, the performance of investments backing policyholder liabilities directly impacts the associated life investment contracts they relate to. In these circumstances, changes in the assumptions generally have minimal impact on the income statement and net assets of ANZ. An exception to this is the ‘back-to-back’ structured credit intermediation trades which create signifi cant exposure to market risk and/or credit risk. Principal inputs used in the determination of fair value of fi nancial instruments included in this group include counterparty credit spreads, market-quoted CDS prices, recovery rates, default probabilities, correlation curves and other inputs, some of which may not be directly observable in the market. For both the Group and the Company, the potential eff ect of changing prevailing assumptions to reasonably possible alternative assumptions for valuing those fi nancial instruments could result in an increase of $46 million (2010: $45 million) or a decrease of $30 million (2010: $30 million) in net derivative fi nancial instruments as at 30 September 2011. The ranges of reasonably possible alternative assumptions are established by application of professional judgement and analysis of the data available to support each assumption. DEFERRED FAIR VALUE GAINS AND LOSSES Where the fair value of a fi nancial instrument is determined using non-observable data that has a signifi cant impact on the valuation of the instrument, any diff erence between the transaction price and the amount determined based on the valuation technique arising on initial recognition of the fi nancial instrument (day one gain or loss) is deferred on the balance sheet. Subsequently, the day one gain or loss is recognised in the income statement only to the extent that it arises from a change in factors (including time) that a market participant would consider in setting the price for the instrument. The aggregate amount of day one gain/(loss) not recognised in the income statement on the initial recognition of the fi nancial instrument, because the diff erence between the transaction price and the modelled valuation price was not fully supported by inputs that were observable, amounted to $2 million (2010: $3 million) with $1 million (2010: $Nil) being recognised in the income statement during the year. (iv) Additional information for fi nancial instruments designated at fair value through profi t or loss FINANCIAL ASSETS DESIGNATED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS The category loans and advances includes certain loans designated at fair value through profi t or loss in order to eliminate an accounting mismatch which would arise if the asset were otherwise carried at amortised cost. This mismatch arises as the derivative fi nancial instruments, which were acquired to mitigate interest rate risk of the loan and advances, are measured at fair value through profi t or loss. By designating the economically hedged loans, the movements in the fair value attributable to changes in interest rate risk, will also be recognised in the income statement in the same periods. At balance date, the credit exposure of the Group on these assets was $138 million (2010: $192 million) and for the Company was $97 million (2010: $139 million). For the Group and Company $84 million (2010: $85 million) was mitigated by collateral held. The cumulative change in fair value attributable to change in credit risk was, for the Group, a reduction to the assets of $3 million (2010: $4 million). For the Company the cumulative change to the assets was $nil (2010: $1 million reduction). The amount recognised in the income statement attributable to changes in credit risk for the Group was a gain of $1 million (2010: $1 million gain) and for the Company a gain of $1 million (2010: $nil). The change in fair value of the designated fi nancial assets attributable to changes in credit risk has been calculated by determining the change in credit rating and credit spread implicit in the loans and advances issued by entities with similar credit characteristics. Notes to the Financial Statements 175 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 34: Fair Value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (continued) FINANCIAL LIABILITIES DESIGNATED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS Parts of loan capital, bonds and notes and deposits and other borrowings have been designated as fi nancial liabilities at fair value through profi t or loss in order to eliminate an accounting mismatch which would arise if the liabilities were otherwise carried at amortised cost. This mismatch arises as the derivatives acquired to mitigate interest rate risk within the fi nancial liabilities are measured at fair value through profi t or loss. Life investment contracts are designated at fair value through profi t or loss in accordance with AASB 1038. The table below compares the carrying amount of fi nancial liabilities carried at full fair value, to the contractual amount payable at maturity and fair value gains and losses recognised during the period on liabilities carried at full fair value that are attributable to changes in ANZ’s own credit rating. Consolidated Carrying amount Amount at which carrying value is greater/(less) than amount payable at maturity Cumulative change in liability value attributable to own credit risk: – opening cumulative (gain)/loss – (gain)/loss recognised during the year – closing cumulative (gain)/loss Life investment contract liabilities Deposits and other borrowings Bonds and notes Loan capital 2011 $m 2010 $m 26,619 28,002 2011 $m 3,764 2010 $m 5,561 2011 $m 7,992 2010 $m 8,107 – – – – (25) – – – – – – – (1) 8 (187) – – – (10) 141 131 76 (86) (10) 2011 $m 638 3 (18) 14 (4) 2010 $m 1,009 27 (59) 41 (18) The Company Carrying amount Amount at which carrying value is greater/(less) than amount payable at maturity Cumulative change in liability value attributable to own credit risk: – opening cumulative (gain)/loss – (gain)/loss recognised during the year – closing cumulative (gain)/loss Deposits and other borrowings 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – – – – – – – – Bonds and notes Loan capital 2011 $m 7,992 2010 $m 8,107 8 (187) (10) 141 131 76 (86) (10) 2011 $m 638 3 (18) 14 (4) 2010 $m 1,009 27 (59) 41 (18) For each of loan capital, bonds and notes and deposits and other borrowings, the change in fair value attributable to changes in credit risk has been determined as the amount of change in fair value that is not attributable to changes in market conditions that give rise to market risks (benchmark interest rate and foreign exchange rates). 176 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 35: Maturity Analysis of Assets and Liabilities The following is an analysis, by remaining contractual maturities at balance date, of selected asset and liability accounts and represents the actual obligation date expected for the asset or liability to be recovered or settled within one year, and greater than one year. Consolidated Due from other fi nancial institutions Available-for-sale assets Net loans and advances Investments backing policyholder liabilities Customers’ liability for acceptances Due to other fi nancial institutions Deposits and other borrowings Liability for acceptances Bonds and notes Policyholder liabilities External unit holder liabilities (life insurance funds) Loan capital 1 Includes items where no maturity is specified. 2011 2010 Due within one year $m Greater than one year1 $m 8,694 17,930 96,489 2,242 970 22,926 347,885 970 13,874 26,443 5,033 720 130 4,334 299,848 27,617 – 86 20,844 – 42,677 1,060 – 11,273 Total $m 8,824 22,264 396,337 29,859 970 23,012 368,729 970 56,551 27,503 5,033 11,993 Due within one year $m Greater than one year1 $m 5,291 16,536 85,686 4,575 11,495 21,554 290,965 11,495 16,035 28,002 5,448 – 190 4,206 266,211 27,596 – 56 19,418 – 43,679 979 – 12,280 Total $m 5,481 20,742 351,897 32,171 11,495 21,610 310,383 11,495 59,714 28,981 5,448 12,280 Notes to the Financial Statements 177 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 36: Segment Analysis (i) Description of segments The Group operates on a divisional structure with Australia, Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America (APEA), Institutional and New Zealand being the major operating divisions. The Group manages its APEA Institutional business on a matrix structure i.e. the results for APEA Institutional are included in both APEA and Institutional, consistent with how this business is internally managed. Accordingly, the divisional analysis on the following pages refl ects this matrix reporting structure. The segments and product and services categories as reported below are consistent with internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker, being the Chief Executive Offi cer. In order to more closely align with how operating results are regularly reviewed and assessed, the operating segments were changed from geographical based segments used in the prior year to a divisional view. Comparative segment information has been restated accordingly. The primary sources of external revenue across all divisions are interest, fee income and trading income. The Australian and New Zealand divisions derive revenue from products and services from retail banking, commercial banking and wealth management in their respective geographies. APEA derives revenue from retail banking, wealth products, institutional and commercial products and services. The Institutional division derives revenue from transaction banking, market trading, treasury products and institutional lending. Corporate Centre provides support to all divisions, including risk, fi nancial management, strategy and marketing, human resources and corporate aff airs. (ii) Operating segments Transactions between business units across segments within ANZ are conducted on an arms length basis. Year ended 30 September 2011 ($m) External interest income External interest expense Adjustment for intersegment interest Net interest income Other external operating income Share of net profi t/(loss) of equity accounted investments Segment revenue Other external expenses Net intersegment expenses Operating expenses Profi t before income tax and provision for credit impairment Provision for credit impairment Segment result before tax Income tax expense Non-controlling interests Profi t after income tax attributed to shareholders of the company Non-cash expenses Depreciation and amortisation Equity-settled share based payment expenses Provision for credit impairment Financial position Goodwill Shares in associates Total external assets Total external liabilities Australia 17,429 (6,301) (5,307) 5,821 2,360 (2) 8,179 (2,562) (944) (3,506) 4,673 (711) 3,962 (1,185) – APEA 1,791 (758) 97 1,130 943 421 2,494 (1,402) (86) (1,488) 1,006 (110) 896 (166) (9) Institutional 7,537 (3,397) (1,048) 3,092 1,803 11 4,906 (1,446) (555) (2,001) 2,905 (258) 2,647 (750) (2) New Zealand 4,577 (2,119) (765) 1,693 466 – 2,159 (1,025) 10 (1,015) 1,144 (166) 978 (286) – 2,777 721 1,895 692 (170) (25) (711) (63) (33) (110) (96) (79) (50) (18) (258) (166) Corporate Centre 189 (6,826) 7,018 381 (36) Less: APEA Institutional (1,159) 516 7 (636) (636) 1 346 (1,764) 1,376 (388) (42) (40) (82) 46 – (36) (171) (30) (40) – (1,272) 460 220 680 (592) 74 (518) 119 2 8 20 74 1,433 30 272,331 175,115 167 3,293 88,108 93,028 843 121 237,676 200,816 1,720 2 70,273 56,446 – 67 1,317 108,932 – – (75,217) (77,803) Other items1 4 – (2) 2 113 5 120 (284) (21) (305) (185) (26) (211) (87) 1 Group Total 30,368 (18,885) – 11,483 5,013 436 16,932 (8,023) – (8,023) 8,909 (1,237) 7,672 (2,309) (8) (101) (1) (26) – – – – (643) (166) (1,237) 4,163 3,513 594,488 556,534 (397) (297) 5,355 1 In evaluating the performance of the operating segments, certain items are removed from the operating segment results, where they are not considered integral to the ongoing performance of the segment and are evaluated separately. These items are set out in part (iii) of this note. 178 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 36: Segment Analysis (continued) Year ended 30 September 2010 ($m) External interest income External interest expense Adjustment for intersegment interest Net interest income Other external operating income Share of net profi t/(loss) of equity accounted investments Segment revenue Other external expenses Net intersegment expenses Operating expenses Profi t before income tax and provision for credit impairment Provision for credit impairment Segment result before tax Income tax expense Non-controlling interests Profi t after income tax attributed to shareholders of the company Non-cash expenses Depreciation and amortisation Equity-settled share based payment expenses Provision for credit impairment Financial position Goodwill Shares in associates Total external assets Total external liabilities Corporate Centre 188 (5,562) 5,597 223 (88) Less: APEA Institutional (927) 379 (29) (577) (507) Australia 14,819 (4,781) (4,654) 5,384 2,194 28 7,606 (2,361) (895) (3,256) 4,350 (583) 3,767 (1,093) – APEA 1,464 (603) 110 971 737 360 2,068 (1,101) (41) (1,142) 926 (154) 772 (90) (6) Institutional 6,192 (3,013) 47 3,226 1,718 3 4,947 (1,260) (488) (1,748) 3,199 (741) 2,458 (680) – New Zealand 4,848 (2,159) (1,054) 1,635 469 5 2,109 (1,067) 10 (1,057) 1,052 (409) 643 (180) – 1 136 (1,571) 1,269 (302) (166) (10) (176) (11) – 2,674 676 1,778 463 (187) (148) (51) (25) (583) (30) (154) (76) (60) (741) (50) (161) (16) (409) (27) (10) – (1,084) 386 148 534 (550) 77 (473) 94 – (379) 8 18 77 1,414 21 260,994 161,325 190 2,691 58,721 66,883 829 187 185,021 177,308 1,653 1 69,711 55,230 – 65 4,780 90,517 – – (47,524) (53,715) Other items1 24 – (17) 7 (133) 36 (90) (330) (3) (333) (423) 33 (390) (136) 2 Group Total 26,608 (15,739) – 10,869 4,390 433 15,692 (7,304) – (7,304) 8,388 (1,787) 6,601 (2,096) (4) (524) 4,501 (86) (564) – 33 – – – – (140) (1,787) 4,086 2,965 531,703 497,548 1 In evaluating the performance of the operating segments, certain items are removed from the operating segment results, where they are not considered integral to the ongoing performance of the segment and are evaluated separately. These items are set out in part (iii) of this note. (iii) Other items The table below sets out the profi t after tax impact of other items. Item Related segment New Zealand technology integration Changes in New Zealand tax legislation Acquisition costs and valuation adjustments Treasury shares adjustment Economic hedging – fair value losses Revenue and net investment hedges New Zealand managed fund impacts Tax on New Zealand conduits Non-continuing businesses Total New Zealand New Zealand and Institutional Australia, APEA, Institutional and New Zealand Australia Australia, APEA, Institutional and New Zealand Corporate Centre New Zealand Institutional Institutional Profi t after tax 2011 $m (86) 2 (126) 41 (117) (51) 39 – 1 (297) 2010 $m – (36) (480) (32) (146) 24 34 38 74 (524) Notes to the Financial Statements 179 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 36: Segment Analysis (continued) (iv) External segment revenue by products and services The table below sets out revenue from external customers for groups of similar products and services. Retail Commercial Wealth Institutional Partnerships Other Revenue 2011 $m 6,252 3,668 1,310 4,906 314 482 16,932 2010 $m 5,755 3,463 1,139 4,947 332 56 15,692 (v) Geographical information The following table sets out revenue and non-current assets1 based on the geographical locations in which the Group operates. Consolidated Total external revenue Non-current assets1 Australia APEA New Zealand Total 2011 $m 11,904 260,004 2010 $m 11,124 231,357 2011 $m 2,426 22,401 2010 $m 2,004 14,234 2011 $m 2,602 49,524 2010 $m 2,564 52,612 2011 $m 16,932 331,929 2010 $m 15,692 298,203 1 Non-current assets referred to are assets that are expected to be recovered more than 12 months after balance date. They do not include financial instruments, deferred tax assets, post-employment benefits assets or rights under insurance contracts. 180 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 37: Notes to the Cash Flow Statements (continued) a) Reconciliation of net profi t after income tax to net cash provided by operating activities Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m Infl ows (Outfl ows) Infl ows (Outfl ows) Infl ows (Outfl ows) Infl ows (Outfl ows) Operating profi t after income tax attributable to shareholders of the Company 5,355 4,501 4,151 4,428 Adjustment to reconcile operating profi t after income tax to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities Provision for credit impairment Impairment on available for sale assets transferred to profi t and loss Credit risk on derivatives Depreciation and amortisation Profi t on sale of businesses Provision for employee entitlements, restructuring and other provisions Payments from provisions (Profi t)/loss on sale of premises and equipment (Profi t)/loss on sale of available-for-sale assets Amortisation of discounts/premiums included in interest income Share based payment expense Change in policyholder liabilities Net foreign exchange earnings Net gains/losses on trading derivatives Net derivatives/foreign exchange adjustment Net (increase)/decrease in operating assets Trading securities Liquid assets greater than three months Due from other banks greater than three months Loans and advances Net (decrease)/increase in investments backing policyholder liabilities Net derivative fi nancial instruments Net intra-group loans and advances Interest receivable Accrued income Net tax assets Net (decrease)/increase in operating liabilities Deposits and other borrowings Due to other fi nancial institutions Payables and other liabilities Interest payable Accrued expenses Other Total adjustments Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities 1,237 1,787 994 1,369 72 (21) 645 (6) 648 (678) (20) (68) (13) 167 (854) (817) 346 675 (7,614) 1,593 (1,476) (25,568) 1,319 (2,038) – (45) 80 277 43,834 1,350 584 124 21 (308) 13,446 18,801 21 (35) 560 – 461 (520) 8 (57) (32) 143 836 (747) 95 658 (2,004) 2,184 (65) (17,044) (491) (1,823) – (181) (147) 1,114 14,726 55 (1,288) 163 363 (192) (1,452) 3,049 72 (19) 403 – 345 (518) 7 (31) 6 167 – (528) 19 1,237 (5,558) 1,106 (1,586) (25,753) – (3,751) 336 (55) 82 (371) 42,542 1,415 835 119 23 (12) 11,526 15,677 21 39 372 – 326 (259) – (22) 2 143 – (458) (82) 518 (1,835) 815 (145) (20,345) – (1,110) (5,110) (208) (116) 936 20,862 1,329 (709) 308 324 (315) (3,350) 1,078 Notes to the Financial Statements 181 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 37: Notes to the Cash Flow Statements (continued) b) Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include liquid assets and amounts due from other fi nancial institutions with an original term to maturity of less than three months. Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the fi nancial year as shown in the statements of cash fl ows are reconciled to the related items in the statements of fi nancial position as follows: Liquid assets – less than three months Due from other fi nancial institutions – less than three months Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cashfl ows c) Acquisitions and disposals Cash (infl ows)/outfl ows from acquisitions and investments (net of cash acquired) Purchases of controlled entities Investments in controlled entities Purchases of interest in associates and joint ventures Cash infl ows from disposals (net of cash disposed) Disposals of controlled entities Disposals of associates and joint ventures d) Non-cash fi nancing and investing activities Share capital issues Dividends satisfi ed by share issue Dividends satisfi ed by bonus share issue e) Financing arrangements Credit stand by arrangements Standby lines Other fi nancing arrangements Over and other fi nancing arrangements Total fi nance available Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 23,400 6,621 30,021 2010 $m 15,748 4,862 20,610 2011 $m 19,072 4,579 23,651 2010 $m 13,342 3,592 16,934 Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 44 – 260 304 6 68 74 2010 $m (55) – 5 (50) – 15 15 2011 $m – – 260 260 – 36 36 2010 $m (3,009) 694 5 (2,310) – 113 113 1,367 66 1,433 1,007 54 1,061 1,367 66 1,433 1,007 54 1,061 Consolidated 2011 2010 Available $m Unused $m Available $m Unused $m 978 – 978 978 – 978 987 – 987 987 – 987 182 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 38: Controlled Entities Ultimate parent of the Group Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited All controlled entities are 100% owned unless otherwise noted. The material controlled entities of the Group are: ANZ Bank (Lao) Limited1 (formerly ANZ Vientiane Commercial Bank Limited) ANZ Bank (Vietnam) Limited1 ANZ Capel Court Limited ANZ Capital Hedging Pty Ltd ANZ Commodity Trading Pty Ltd ANZ Cover Insurance Pty Ltd ANZ Trustees Limited ANZ Funds Pty Ltd ANZ Bank (Europe) Limited1 ANZ Bank (Kiribati) Limited1, 4 ANZ Bank (Samoa) Limited1 ANZ Holdings (New Zealand) Limited1 ANZ National Bank Limited1 ANZ Investment Services (New Zealand) Limited1 ANZ National (Int’l) Limited1 OnePath Holdings (NZ) Limited1 (formerly ING (NZ) Holdings Limited) OnePath Insurance Holdings (NZ) Limited1 (formerly ING Insurance Holdings Limited) OnePath Life (NZ) Limited1 (formerly ING Life (NZ) Limited) Private Nominees Limited1 UDC Finance Limited1 ANZ International (Hong Kong) Limited1 ANZ Asia Limited1 ANZ Bank (Vanuatu) Limited2 ANZ International Private Limited1 ANZ Singapore Limited1 ANZ Royal Bank (Cambodia) Limited1, 4 Votraint No. 1103 Pty Ltd ANZ Lenders Mortgage Insurance Pty Ltd ANZ Orchard Investments Pty Ltd OnePath Australia Limited (formerly ING Australia Limited) OnePath Life Limited (formerly ING Life Limited) OnePath General Insurance Pty Limited (formerly ING General Insurance Pty Limited) OnePath Funds Management Limited (formerly ING Funds Management Limited) OnePath Custodians Limited (formerly ING Custodians Pty Limited) Australia and New Zealand Banking Group (PNG) Limited1 Australia and New Zealand Bank (China) Company Limited1 Chongqing Liangping ANZ Rural Bank Company Limited1 Citizens Bancorp Inc ANZ Guam Inc.3 Esanda Finance Corporation Limited ETRADE Australia Limited ETRADE Australia Securities Limited LFD Limited PT ANZ Panin Bank1, 4 Incorporated in Nature of business Australia Banking Laos Vietnam Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia United Kingdom Kiribati Samoa New Zealand New Zealand New Zealand New Zealand New Zealand New Zealand New Zealand New Zealand New Zealand Hong Kong Hong Kong Vanuatu Singapore Singapore Cambodia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Papua New Guinea China China Guam Guam Australia Australia Australia Australia Indonesia Banking Banking Investment Banking Hedging Finance Captive-Insurance Trustee/Nominee Holding Company Banking Banking Banking Holding Company Banking Funds Management Finance Holding Company Holding Company Insurance Nominee Finance Holding Company Banking Banking Holding Company Merchant Banking Banking Investment Mortgage Insurance Holding Company Holding Company Insurance Insurance Funds Management Trustee Banking Banking Banking Holding Company Banking General Finance Holding Company Online Stockbroking Holding Company Banking 1 Audited by overseas KPMG firms. 2 Audited by Hawkes Law. 3 Audited by Deloitte Guam. American Samoa Bank merged with ANZ Guam Inc during the year ended 30 September 2011. 4 Non-controlling interests hold ordinary shares or units in the controlled entities listed above as follows: ANZ Bank (Kiribati) Limited – 150,000 $1 ordinary shares (25%) (2010: 150,000 $1 ordinary shares (25%)); PT ANZ Panin Bank – 16,500 IDR 1 million shares (1%) (2010: 7,500 IDR 1 million shares (15%)); ANZ Royal Bank (Cambodia) Limited – 319,500 USD100 ordinary shares (45%) (2010: 319,500 USD100 ordinary shares (45%)). The increase in the Group’s interest in PT ANZ Panin Bank of 14% was the result of the Group electing to take up a proportionately larger issue of shares in PT ANZ Panin Bank than the non-controlling interest holder. Notes to the Financial Statements 183 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 39: Associates Signifi cant associates of the Group are as follows: AMMB Holdings Berhad PT Bank Pan Indonesia Date became an associate Ownership interest held May 2007 April 2001 24% 39% Voting interest 24% 39% Shanghai Rural Commercial Bank1 September 2007 20% 20% Bank of Tianjin2 Saigon Securities Inc.3 Diversifi ed Infrastructure Trust Metrobank Card Corporation Other associates Total carrying value of associates June 2006 July 2008 March 2008 October 2003 20% 18% 37% 40% 20% 18% 37% 40% Incorporated in Malaysia Indonesia Peoples Republic of China Peoples Republic of China Vietnam Australia Philippines Carrying value 2011 $m Carrying value 2010 $m Fair value4 $m Reporting date 1,111 685 1,082 1,337 709 611 31 March 31 December Principal activity Banking Banking 952 384 115 82 44 140 499 n/a 31 December Banking n/a 605 114 n/a 31 December 31 December 30 September 31 December Banking Stockbroking Investment Cards Issuing 327 128 105 43 170 3,513 2,965 1 During the year ended 30 September 2011 the Group invested an additional RMB 1.65 billion ($255 million) in Shanghai Rural Commercial Bank (SRCB) as part of a major capital raising by SRCB. 2 The Group is participating in a rights issue which will maintain its existing 20% interest. The issuance is subject to local regulatory approval. 3 Significant influence was established via representation on the Board of Directors. 4 Applicable to those investments in associates where there are published price quotations. 5 A value-in-use estimation supports the carrying value of this investment. Aggregated assets of signifi cant associates (100%) Aggregated liabilities of signifi cant associates (100%) Aggregated revenues of signifi cant associates (100%) Results of associates Share of associates profi t before income tax Share of income tax expense Share of associates net profi t – as disclosed by associates Adjustments1 Share of associates net profi t accounted for using the equity method 2011 $m 131,297 119,664 6,898 2010 $m 116,107 106,589 5,812 Consolidated 2011 $m 476 (121) 355 81 436 2010 $m 435 (114) 321 79 400 1 The results differ from the published results of these entities due to the application of IFRS, Group Policies and acquisition adjustments. 40: Interests in Joint Venture Entities On 30 November 2009, the Group acquired the remaining 51% shareholding in the ANZ-ING joint ventures in Australia and New Zealand, taking its ownership interest to 100%. The year ended 30 September 2010 includes the fi nancial impact of full ownership since 30 November 2009. For the period 1 October 2009 to 30 November 2009, the investments were accounted for as joint ventures. Retained profi ts attributable to the joint venture entity At the beginning of the year At the end of the year Movement in the carrying amount of the joint venture entity Carrying amount at the commencement of the year Share of net profi t Transfer to shares in controlled entity Adjustment for exchange fl uctuations Carrying amount at the end of the year Share of revenues, expenses and results Revenues Expenses Profi t before income tax Income tax (expense)/benefi t Profi t after income tax Net equity accounted profi t 184 ANZ Annual Report 2011 OnePath Australia OnePath NZ Consolidated Total 2011 $m n/a n/a – – – – – – – – – – – 2010 $m 483 n/a 1,649 28 (1,677) – – 87 (51) 36 (8) 28 28 2011 $m n/a n/a – – – – – – – – – – – 2010 $m 68 n/a 204 5 (201) (8) – 16 (12) 4 1 5 5 2011 $m n/a n/a – – – – – – – – – – – 2010 $m 551 n/a 1,853 33 (1,878) (8) – 103 (63) 40 (7) 33 33 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 41: Securitisations The Group enters into transactions in the normal course of business by which it transfers fi nancial assets directly to third parties or to special purpose entities. These transfers may give rise to the full or partial derecognition of those fi nancial assets. Full derecognition occurs when the Group transfers its contractual right to receive cash fl ows from the fi nancial assets, or retains the right but assumes an obligation to pass on the cash fl ows from the asset, and transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. These risks include credit, interest rate, currency, prepayment and other price risks. Partial derecognition occurs when the Group sells or otherwise transfers fi nancial assets in such a way that some but not substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred but control is retained. These fi nancial assets continue to be recognised on the balance sheet to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. The following table summarises the Group’s securitisation activities for Group-originated assets for the period. The securitisation activity relates to an internal residential mortgage securitisation creating instruments eligible for repurchase arrangements with the Reserve Bank of Australia. Carrying amount of assets securitised (sold) during the year Net cash proceeds received Retained interests Gain/(loss) on securitisation/sale (pre-tax) 1 The balances are nil as the Company balances relate to transfers to an internal securitisation vehicle. Consolidated1 2011 $m 2010 $m – – – – – – – – The Company 2011 $m 6,275 – (6,275) – 2010 $m 7,001 – (7,001) – Group-originated fi nancial assets that do not qualify for derecognition typically relate to loans that have been securitised under arrangements by which the Group retains a continuing involvement in the transferred assets. Continuing involvement may entail: retaining the rights to future cash fl ows arising from the assets after investors have received their contractual terms; providing subordinated interests; liquidity support; continuing to service the underlying asset; and entering into derivative transactions with the securitisation vehicles. In such instances, the Group continues to be exposed to risks associated with these transactions. The table below sets out the balance of assets transferred by the Company to special purpose entities, that are consolidated by the Group, that continue to be recognised by the Company because they do not qualify for derecognition. Securitisation Current carrying amount of assets recognised Carrying amount of associated liabilities 1 The balances are nil as the Company balances relate to transfers to an internal securitisation vehicle. 42: Fiduciary Activities The Group conducts various fi duciary activities as follows: Consolidated1 The Company 2011 $m – – 2010 $m – – 2011 $m 31,280 31,280 2010 $m 30,582 30,582 Investment fi duciary activities for trusts The Group conducts investment fi duciary activities for trusts, including deceased estates. These trusts have not been consolidated as the Group does not have direct or indirect control. Where the Company or its controlled entities incur liabilities in respect of these operations as trustee, where the primary obligation is incurred in an agency capacity as trustee of the trust rather than on the Group’s own account, a right of indemnity exists against the assets of the applicable funds or trusts. As these assets are suffi cient to cover the liabilities and it is therefore not probable that the Company or its controlled entities will be required to settle the liabilities, the liabilities are not included in the fi nancial statements. The aggregate amounts of funds concerned are as follows: Trusteeships 2011 $m 3,418 2010 $m 3,434 Notes to the Financial Statements 185 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 42: Fiduciary Activities (continued) Funds management activities Funds management activities are conducted through Group controlled entities OnePath Australia Limited and OnePath Holdings (NZ) Limited and certain other subsidiaries of the Group. Funds under management in these entities are included in these consolidated fi nancial statements where they are controlled by the Group. The aggregate funds under management which are not included in these consolidated fi nancial statements are as follows: OnePath Australia Limited OnePath Holdings (NZ) Limited Other controlled entities – New Zealand Other controlled entities – Australia 2011 $m 6,420 5,271 6,295 50 2010 $m 7,988 5,655 5,885 62 18,036 19,590 Custodian services activities On 18 November 2010, the Transitional Service Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association concluded. At 30 September 2011, ANZ Custodian Services has been formally decommissioned with a small number of residual assets (immaterial in value) in the name of ANZ Nominees Limited remaining. Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 58 3 – 61 325 785 392 58 3 1 62 327 729 389 31 2 – 33 263 674 369 23 3 1 27 263 605 366 1,502 1,445 1,306 1,234 52 78 – 130 1,632 1,693 45 76 – 121 1,566 1,628 44 72 – 116 1,422 1,455 38 70 – 108 1,342 1,369 43: Commitments Property Capital expenditure Contracts for outstanding capital expenditure Not later than 1 year Later than one year but not later than 5 years Later than 5 years Total capital expenditure commitments1 Lease rentals Land and buildings Not later than 1 year Later than one year but not later than 5 years Later than 5 years Furniture and equipment Not later than 1 year Later than one year but not later than 5 years Later than 5 years Total lease rental commitments Total commitments 1 Relates to premises and equipment. 186 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 44: Credit Related Commitments, Guarantees, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets CREDIT RELATED COMMITMENTS GUARANTEES AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES Credit related commitments Facilities provided Undrawn facilities Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Total Consolidated The Company Contract amount 2011 $m Contract amount 2010 $m Contract amount 2011 $m Contract amount 2010 $m 137,889 124,029 117,107 106,403 80,013 15,569 42,307 78,410 14,200 31,419 79,919 – 37,188 78,207 – 28,196 137,889 124,029 117,107 106,403 Guarantees and contingent liabilities Details of the estimated maximum amount of guarantees and contingent liabilities that may become payable are disclosed on the following pages. These guarantees and contingent liabilities relate to transactions that the Group has entered into as principal. Documentary letters of credit involve the issue of letters of credit guaranteeing payment in favour of an exporter secured against an underlying shipment of goods or backed by a confi rmatory letter of credit from another bank. Performance related contingencies are liabilities that oblige the Group to make payments to a third party should the customer fail to fulfi l the non-monetary terms of the contract. To refl ect the risk associated with these transactions, they are subjected to the same credit origination, portfolio management and collateral requirements for customers that apply for loans. The contract amount represents the maximum potential amount that could be lost if the counterparty fails to meet its fi nancial obligations. As the facilities may expire without being drawn upon, the notional amounts do not necessarily refl ect future cash requirements. Financial guarantees Standby letters of credit Documentary letter of credit Performance related contingencies Other Total Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Total Consolidated The Company Contract amount 2011 $m 6,923 2,672 2,964 17,770 881 31,210 15,182 1,122 14,906 31,210 Contract amount 2010 $m 6,313 1,991 2,498 16,103 580 27,485 14,309 975 12,201 27,485 Contract amount 2011 $m 5,942 2,307 2,561 16,793 666 28,269 15,182 – 13,087 28,269 Contract amount 2010 $m 5,981 1,867 2,276 15,176 445 25,745 14,309 – 11,436 25,745 Notes to the Financial Statements 187 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 44: Credit Related Commitments, Guarantees, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets (continued) OTHER BANK RELATED CONTINGENT LIABILITIES iii) Contingent tax liability GENERAL There are outstanding court proceedings, claims and possible claims against the Group, the aggregate amount of which cannot readily be quantifi ed. Appropriate legal advice has been obtained and, in the light of such advice, provisions as deemed necessary have been made. In some instances we have not disclosed the estimated fi nancial impact as this may prejudice the interests of the Group. i) Exception fees class action In September 2010, litigation funder IMF (Australia) Ltd commenced a class action against ANZ, which it said was on behalf of 27,000 ANZ customers (which may now be in excess of 30,000) and relating to more than $50 million in exception fees charged to those customers over the previous six years. The case is at an early stage. ANZ is defending it. There is a risk that further claims could emerge. ii) Securities Lending There are ongoing developments concerning the events surrounding ANZ’s securities lending business which may continue for some time. There is a risk that further actions (court proceedings or regulatory actions) may be commenced against various parties, including ANZ. The potential impact or outcome of future claims (if any) cannot presently be ascertained. ANZ would review and defend any claim, as appropriate. On 4 July 2008, ANZ appointed a receiver and manager to Primebroker Securities Limited (Primebroker). On 31 August 2009, an Associate Justice set aside some statutory demands served by the receiver and said that, among other things, ANZ’s appointment of the receiver to Primebroker was invalid. The receiver is appealing the decision. ANZ has joined in the appeal. Separately: On 14 April 2010, the liquidator of Primebroker fi led an action against ANZ, alleging (among other things) that a charge created on 12 February 2008 is void against the liquidators. The action initially claimed $98 million and was subsequently increased to $177 million (plus interest and costs) from ANZ. On 15 July 2010, Primebroker and some associated companies brought an action against parties including ANZ, seeking approximately $150 million and certain unquantifi ed amounts. The allegations include misleading or deceptive conduct, wrongful appointment of receivers, and failure to perform an alleged equity investment agreement. ANZ is defending these actions. The Australian Taxation Offi ce (ATO) is reviewing the taxation treatment of certain transactions, undertaken by the Group in the course of normal business activities. Risk reviews are also being undertaken by revenue authorities in other jurisdictions, as part of normal revenue authority activity in those countries. The Group has assessed these and other taxation claims arising in Australia and elsewhere, including seeking independent advice where appropriate, and considers that it holds appropriate provisions. iv) Interbank Deposit Agreement ANZ has entered into an Interbank Deposit Agreement with the major banks in the payment system. This agreement is a payment system support facility certifi ed by the Australian Prudential Regulation authority, where the terms are such that if any bank is experiencing liquidity problems, the other participants are required to deposit equal amounts of up to $2 billion for a period of 30 days. At the end of 30 days the deposit holder has the option to repay the deposit in cash all by way of assignment of mortgages to the value of the deposit. v) Clearing and settlement obligations In accordance with the clearing and settlement arrangements set out: in the Australian Payments Clearing Association Limited’s Regulations for the Australian Paper Clearing System, the Bulk Electronic Clearing System, the Consumer Electronic Clearing System and the High Value Clearing System (HVCS), the Company has a commitment to comply with rules which could result in a bilateral exposure and loss in the event of a failure to settle by a member institution; and in the Austraclear System Regulations (Austraclear) and the CLS Bank International Rules, the Company has a commitment to participate in loss-sharing arrangements in the event of a failure to settle by a member institution. For HVCS and Austraclear, the obligation arises only in limited circumstances. 188 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 44: Credit Related Commitments, Guarantees, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets (continued) vi) Deed of Cross Guarantee in respect of certain controlled entities Pursuant to class order 98/1418 (as amended) dated 13 August 1998, relief was granted to a number of wholly owned controlled entities from the Corporations Act 2001 requirements for preparation, audit, and publication of individual fi nancial statements. The results of these companies are included in the consolidated Group results. The entities to which relief was granted are: ANZ Properties (Australia) Pty Ltd1 ANZ Capital Hedging Pty Ltd1 Alliance Holdings Pty Ltd1 1 Relief originally granted on 21 August 2001. 2 Relief originally granted on 13 August 2002. 3 Relief originally granted on 9 September 2003. 4 Relief originally granted on 2 September 2008. 5 Relief originally granted on 11 February 2009. ANZ Orchard Investments Pty Ltd2 ANZ Securities (Holdings) Limited3 ANZ Commodity Trading Pty Ltd4 ANZ Funds Pty Ltd1 Votraint No. 1103 Pty Ltd2 ANZ Nominees Ltd5 It is a condition of the class order that the Company and each of the above controlled entities enter into a Deed of Cross Guarantee. A Deed of Cross Guarantee under the class order was executed by them and lodged with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. The Deed of Cross Guarantee is dated 1 March 2006. The eff ect of the Deed is that the Company guarantees to each creditor payment in full of any debt in the event of winding up any of the controlled entities under certain provisions of the Corporations Act 2001. If a winding up occurs, the Company will only be liable in the event that after six months any creditor has not been paid in full. The controlled entities have also given similar guarantees in the event that the Company is wound up. The consolidated statement of comprehensive income and consolidated balance sheet of the Company and its wholly owned controlled entities which have entered into the Deed of Cross Guarantee are: Profi t before tax Income tax expense Profi t after income tax Foreign exchange diff erences taken to equity, net of tax Change in fair value of available-for-sale fi nancial assets, net of tax Change in fair value of cash fl ow hedges, net of tax Actuarial gains/(loss) on defi ned benefi t plans, net of tax Other comprehensive income, net of tax Total comprehensive income Retained profi ts at start of year Profi t after income tax Adjustments to opening retained earnings on adoption of revised accounting standard AASB 3(R) Ordinary share dividends provided for or paid Transfer from reserves Actuarial gains/(loss) on defi ned benefi t plans after tax Retained profi ts at end of year Assets Liquid assets Available-for-sale assets/investment securities Net loans and advances Other assets Premises and equipment Total assets Liabilities Deposits and other borrowings Income tax liability Payables and other liabilities Provisions Total liabilities Net assets Shareholders’ equity1 Consolidated 2011 $m 5,809 (1,476) 4,333 103 26 121 24 274 4,607 13,047 4,333 – (3,491) 1 24 2010 $m 5,612 (1,449) 4,163 (391) 70 40 (18) (299) 3,864 11,596 4,163 (39) (2,667) 12 (18) 13,914 13,047 20,556 19,017 323,286 140,299 1,539 504,697 307,254 1,169 161,097 798 16,075 16,973 280,439 133,948 1,545 448,980 252,519 1,069 162,555 831 470,318 416,974 34,379 34,379 32,006 32,006 1 Shareholders’ equity excludes retained profits and reserves of controlled entities within the class order. Notes to the Financial Statements 189 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 44: Credit Related Commitments, Guarantees, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets (continued) vii) Sale of Grindlays businesses On 31 July 2000, ANZ completed the sale to Standard Chartered Bank (SCB) of ANZ Grindlays Bank Limited and the private banking business of ANZ in the United Kingdom and Jersey, together with ANZ Grindlays (Jersey) Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries, for USD1.3 billion in cash. ANZ provided warranties and certain indemnities relating to those businesses and, where it was anticipated that payments would be likely under the warranties or indemnities, made provisions to cover the anticipated liability. The issues below have not impacted adversely the reported results. All settlements, penalties and costs have been covered within the provisions established at the time. FERA In 1991 certain amounts were transferred from non-convertible Indian Rupee accounts maintained with Grindlays in India. These transactions may not have complied with the provisions of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973. Grindlays, on its own initiative, brought these transactions to the attention of the Reserve Bank of India. The Indian authorities served notices on Grindlays and certain of its offi cers in India and civil penalties have been imposed which are the subject of appeals. Criminal prosecutions are pending and will be defended. The amounts in issue are not material. Tax Indemnity ANZ provided an indemnity relating to tax liabilities of Grindlays (and its subsidiaries) and the Jersey Sub-Group to the extent to which such liabilities were not provided for in the Grindlays accounts as at 31 July 2000. Claims have been made under this indemnity, with no material impact on the Group expected. CONTINGENT ASSETS National Housing Bank In 1992, Grindlays received a claim aggregating to approximately Indian Rupees 5.06 billion from the National Housing Bank (NHB) in India. The claim arose out of cheques drawn by NHB in favour of Grindlays, the proceeds of which were credited to the account of a Grindlays customer. Grindlays won an arbitration award in March 1997, under which NHB paid Grindlays an award of Indian Rupees 9.12 billion. NHB subsequently won an appeal to the Special Court of Mumbai, after which Grindlays fi led an appeal with the Supreme Court of India. Grindlays paid the disputed money including interest into court. Ultimately, the parties settled the matter and agreed to share the monies paid into court which by then totalled Indian Rupees 16.45 billion (AUD 661 million at 19 January 2002 exchange rates), with Grindlays receiving Indian Rupees 6.20 billion (AUD 248 million at 19 January 2002 exchange rates) of the disputed monies. ANZ in turn received a payment of USD124 million (USD equivalent of the Indian Rupees received by Grindlays) from Standard Chartered Bank under the terms of an indemnity given in connection with the sale of Grindlays to Standard Chartered Bank. ANZ recovered $114 million in 2006 from its insurers in respect of the above. In addition, ANZ is entitled to share with NHB in the proceeds of any recovery from the estate of the customer whose account was credited with the cheques drawn from NHB. However, the Indian Taxation Department is claiming a statutory priority to all of the funds available for distribution to creditors of that customer. The Special Court passed an order in late 2007 scaling down the Income Taxation Department’s priority, however, that order has been partially set aside on appeal by the Supreme Court of India. The matter has been remanded to the Special Court for deliberation on certain issues. 190 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 45: Superannuation and Other Post Employment Benefi t Schemes Description of the Group’s post employment benefi t schemes The Group has established a number of pension, superannuation and post retirement medical benefi t schemes throughout the world. The Group may be obliged to contribute to the schemes as a consequence of legislation and provisions of trust deeds. Legal enforceability is dependent on the terms of the legislation and trust deeds. The major schemes are: Scheme Scheme type Country Australia ANZ Australian Staff Superannuation Scheme1,2 Defi ned contribution scheme Section C3 or Defi ned contribution scheme Section A or Defi ned benefi t scheme Pension Section4 Defi ned benefi t scheme5 or Contribution levels Employee/ participant Employer Optional8 Balance of cost10 Optional 9% of salary11 Nil Nil Balance of cost12 Balance of cost13 Defi ned contribution scheme Minimum of 2.5% of salary 7.5% of salary14 Defi ned benefi t scheme6 or 5.0% of salary Balance of cost15 Defi ned contribution scheme7 Minimum of 2.0% of salary 11.5% of salary16 Defi ned benefi t scheme7 5.0% of salary9 Balance of cost17 New Zealand ANZ National Bank Staff Superannuation Scheme (formerly ANZ Group (New Zealand) Staff Superannuation Scheme)1,2 National Bank Staff Superannuation Fund1,2 United Kingdom ANZ UK Staff Pension Scheme1 Balance of cost: the Group’s contribution is assessed by the actuary after taking account of members’ contributions and the value of the schemes’ assets. These schemes provide for pension benefits. These schemes provide for lump sum benefits. 1 2 3 Closed to new members in 1997. 4 Closed to new members. Operates to make pension payments to retired members or their dependants. 5 Closed to new members on 31 March 1990. Operates to make pension payments to retired members of that section of the scheme or their dependants. 6 Closed to new members on 1 October 1991. 7 Closed to new members on 1 October 2004. 8 Optional but with minimum of 1% of salary. 9 10 As determined by the Trustee on the recommendation of the actuary – currently 9% (2010: 9%) of members’ salaries. 11 2010: 9% of salary. 12 As determined by the Trustee on the recommendation of the actuary – currently nil (2010: nil). 13 As recommended by the actuary – currently nil (2010: nil). 14 2010: 7.5% of salary. 15 As recommended by the actuary – currently 24.8% (2010: 24.8%) of members’ salaries and additional contributions of NZD 5 million p.a. 16 2010: 11.5% of salary. 17 As agreed by the Trustee and Group after taking the advice of the actuary – currently 26% (2010: 26%) of pensionable salaries and additional quarterly contributions of GBP 7.5 million From 1 October 2003, all member contributions are at a rate of 5% of salary. until December 2015. Notes to the Financial Statements 191 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 45: Superannuation and Other Post Employment Benefi t Schemes (continued) Funding and contribution information for the defi ned benefi t sections of the schemes The funding and contribution information for the defi ned benefi t sections of the schemes as extracted from the schemes’ most recent fi nancial reports is set out below. In this fi nancial report, the net (liability)/asset arising from the defi ned benefi t obligation recognised in the balance sheet has been determined in accordance with AASB 119 Employee Benefi ts. However, the excess or defi cit of the net market value of assets over accrued benefi ts shown below has been determined in accordance with AAS 25 Financial Reporting by Superannuation Plans. The excess or defi cit for funding purposes shown below diff ers from the net (liability)/asset in the balance sheet because AAS 25 prescribes a diff erent measurement date and basis to those used for AASB 119 purposes. 2011 Schemes ANZ Australian Staff Superannuation Scheme Pension Section1 ANZ UK Staff Pension Scheme1 ANZ UK Health Benefi ts Scheme4 ANZ National Bank Staff Superannuation Scheme2 National Bank Staff Superannuation Fund3 Other5,6 Total Accrued benefi ts* $m 27 912 6 4 296 39 Net market value of assets held by scheme $m Excess/(defi cit) of net market value of assets over accrued benefi ts $m 17 727 – 4 282 29 (10) (185) (6) – (14) (10) (225) 1,284 1,059 * Determined in accordance with AAS 25 Financial Reporting by Superannuation Plans, which prescribes a different measurement date and basis to those applied in this financial report under AASB 119 Employee Benefits. Under AASB 119, the discount rates used are based on prevailing government and corporate bond rates at the reporting date (30 September 2011), rather than the expected return on scheme assets as at the most recent actuarial valuation date (set out below) as prescribed by AAS 25. 1 Amounts were measured at 31 December 2010. 2 Amounts were measured at 31 December 2010. 3 Amounts were measured at 31 March 2011. 4 Amounts were measured at 30 September 2011. 5 Amounts were measured at 30 September 2011. 6 Other includes the defined benefit arrangements in Japan, Philippines and Taiwan. 2010 Schemes ANZ Australian Staff Superannuation Scheme Pension Section1 ANZ UK Staff Pension Scheme1 ANZ UK Health Benefi ts Scheme4 ANZ National Bank Staff Superannuation Scheme2 National Bank Staff Superannuation Fund3 Other5,6 Total Net market value of assets held by scheme $m Excess/(defi cit) of net market value of assets over accrued benefi ts $m 20 662 – 5 261 25 973 (9) (241) (6) – (15) (7) (278) Accrued benefi ts* $m 29 903 6 5 276 32 1,251 * Determined in accordance with AAS 25 Financial Reporting by Superannuation Plans, which prescribes a different measurement date and basis to those applied in this financial report under AASB 119 Employee Benefits. Under AASB 119, the discount rates used are based on prevailing government and corporate bond rates at the reporting date (30 September 2010), rather than the expected return on scheme assets as at the most recent actuarial valuation date (set out below) as prescribed by AAS 25. 1 Amounts were measured at 31 December 2009. 2 Amounts were measured at 31 December 2007. 3 Amounts were measured at 31 March 2010. 4 Amounts were measured at 30 September 2010. 5 Amounts were measured at 30 September 2007 and 30 September 2010 (as applicable). 6 Other includes the defined benefit arrangements in Japan, Philippines and Taiwan. Employer contributions to the defi ned benefi t sections are based on recommendations by the schemes’ actuaries. Funding recommendations are made by the actuaries based on assumptions of various matters such as future investment performance, interest rates, salary increases, mortality rates and turnover levels. The funding methods adopted by the actuaries are intended to ensure that the benefi t entitlements of employees are fully funded by the time they become payable. The Group expects to make contributions of $58 million (2010: $60 million) to the defi ned benefi t sections of the schemes during the next fi nancial year. 192 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 45: Superannuation and Other Post Employment Benefi t Schemes (continued) The current contribution recommendations for the major defi ned sections of the schemes are described below. ANZ Australian Staff Superannuation Scheme Pension Section The Pension Section of the ANZ Australian Staff Superannuation Scheme is closed to new members. A full actuarial valuation, conducted by consulting actuaries Russell Employee Benefi ts as at 31 December 2010, showed a defi cit of $10 million and the actuary recommended that the Group make contributions to the Pension Section of $1.2 million p.a. for the three years to 31 December 2013. The next full actuarial valuation is due to be conducted as at 31 December 2013. The following economic assumptions were used in formulating the actuary’s funding recommendations: Rate of investment return Pension indexation rate 8% p.a. 3% p.a. The Group has no present liability under the Scheme’s Trust Deed to commence contributions or fund the defi cit. ANZ UK Staff Pension Scheme An interim actuarial valuation, conducted by consulting actuaries Towers Watson, as at 31 December 2010 showed a defi cit of GBP 115 million ($185 million at 30 September 2011 exchange rates). Following the actuarial valuation as at 31 December 2010, the Group agreed to make regular contributions at the rate of 26% of pensionable salaries. These contributions are suffi cient to cover the cost of accruing benefi ts. To address the defi cit, the Group agreed to continue to pay additional quarterly contributions of GBP 7.5 million. These contributions will be reviewed following the next actuarial valuation which is scheduled to be undertaken as at 31 December 2012. The following economic assumptions were used in formulating the actuary’s funding recommendations: Rate of investment return on existing assets – to 31 December 2018 – to 31 December 2033 Rate of investment return for determining ongoing contributions Salary increases Pension increases In deferment increases 5.3% p.a. 4.0% p.a. 7.2% p.a. 5.3% p.a. 3.5% p.a. 2.8% p.a. The Group has no present liability under the Scheme’s Trust Deed to fund the defi cit measured under AAS 25. A contingent liability may arise in the event that the Scheme was wound up. If this were to happen, the Trustee would be able to pursue the Group for additional contributions under the UK Employer Debt Regulations. The Group intends to continue the Scheme on an on-going basis. National Bank Staff Superannuation Fund A full actuarial valuation of the National Bank Staff Superannuation Fund, conducted by consulting actuaries AON Consulting NZ, as at 31 March 2011 showed a defi cit of NZD 18 million ($14 million at 30 September 2011 exchange rates). The actuary recommended that the Group make contributions of 24.8% of salaries plus a lump sum contribution of NZD 5 million p.a. (net of employer superannuation contribution tax) in respect of members of the defi ned benefi t section. The following economic assumptions were used in formulating the actuary’s funding recommendations: Rate of investment return (net of income tax) Salary increases Pension increases 5.5% p.a. 3.0% p.a. 2.5% p.a. The Group has no present liability under the Fund’s Trust Deed to fund the defi cit measured under AAS 25. A contingent liability may arise in the event that the Fund was wound up. Under the Fund’s Trust Deed, if the Fund were wound up, the Group is required to pay the Trustees of the Fund an amount suffi cient to ensure members do not suff er a reduction in benefi ts to which they would otherwise be entitled. The Group intends to continue the Fund on an on-going basis. The basis of calculation under AASB119 is detailed in note 1 F(vii) and on page 98. Notes to the Financial Statements 193 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 45: Superannuation and Other Post Employment Benefi t Schemes (continued) The following tables summarise the components of the expense recognised in the income statement and the amounts recognised in the balance sheet under AASB 119 for the defi ned benefi t sections of the schemes: Amount recognised in income in respect of defi ned benefi t schemes Current service cost Interest cost Expected return on assets Adjustment for contributions tax Total included in personnel expenses Amounts recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defi ned benefi t schemes Present value of funded defi ned benefi t obligation Fair value of scheme assets Net liability arising from defi ned benefi t obligation Amounts recognised in the balance sheet Payables and other liabilities Net liability arising from defi ned benefi t obligation Amounts recognised in equity in respect of defi ned benefi t schemes Actuarial (gains)/losses incurred during the year and recognised directly in retained earnings Cumulative actuarial (gains)/losses recognised directly in retained earnings Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 8 50 (47) 2 13 6 56 (50) 2 14 (1,033) 885 (148) (1,059) 873 (186) (148) (148) 15 244 (186) (186) 6 229 6 42 (41) – 7 (857) 775 (82) (82) (82) (34) 173 5 48 (44) – 9 (928) 761 (167) (167) (167) 26 207 The Group has a legal liability to fund defi cits in the schemes, but no legal right to use any surplus in the schemes to further its own interests. The Group has no present liability to settle defi cits with an immediate contribution. For more information about the Group’s legal liability to fund defi cits, refer to the earlier description of the current contribution recommendations for the schemes. Movements in the present value of the defi ned benefi t obligation in the relevant period Opening defi ned benefi t obligation Current service cost Interest cost Contributions from scheme participants Actuarial (gains)/losses Liabilities assumed in business combination Exchange diff erence on foreign schemes Benefi ts paid Closing defi ned benefi t obligation Movements in the fair value of the scheme assets in the relevant period Opening fair value of scheme assets Expected return on scheme assets Actuarial gains/(losses) Exchange diff erence on foreign schemes Contributions from the employer Contributions from scheme participants Benefi ts paid Assets acquired in business combination Closing fair value of scheme assets1 Actual return on scheme assets 1,059 8 50 1 (10) – (18) (57) 1,033 873 47 (25) (13) 59 1 (57) – 885 22 1,095 6 56 – 42 21 (103) (58) 1,059 849 50 36 (83) 59 1 (58) 19 873 86 928 6 42 – (55) – (22) (42) 857 761 41 (21) (17) 53 – (42) – 775 20 938 5 48 – 52 21 (92) (44) 928 738 44 26 (75) 53 – (44) 19 761 70 1 Scheme assets include the following financial instruments issued by the Group: cash and short-term debt instruments $1 million (September 2010: $1.6 million), fixed interest securities $0.6 million (September 2010: $0.5 million) and equities nil (September 2010: nil). Analysis of the scheme assets Equities Debt securities Property Other assets Total assets 194 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Consolidated Fair value of scheme assets The Company Fair value of scheme assets 2011 % 36 47 8 9 100 2010 % 39 39 8 14 100 2011 % 34 48 9 9 100 2010 % 37 39 9 15 100 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 45: Superannuation and Other Post Employment Benefi t Schemes (continued) Key actuarial assumptions used (expressed as weighted averages) Discount rate ANZ Australian Staff Superannuation Scheme – Pension Section ANZ UK Staff Pension Scheme ANZ UK Health Benefi ts Scheme ANZ National Bank Staff Superannuation Scheme National Bank Staff Superannuation Fund Expected rate of return on scheme assets ANZ Australian Staff Superannuation Scheme – Pension Section ANZ UK Staff Pension Scheme ANZ UK Health Benefi ts Scheme ANZ National Bank Staff Superannuation Scheme National Bank Staff Superannuation Fund Future salary increases ANZ UK Staff Pension Scheme National Bank Staff Superannuation Fund Future pension increases ANZ Australian Staff Superannuation Scheme – Pension Section ANZ UK Staff Pension Scheme – In payment – In deferment ANZ National Bank Staff Superannuation Scheme National Bank Staff Superannuation Fund Future medical cost trend – short-term ANZ UK Health Benefi ts Scheme Future medical cost trend – long-term ANZ UK Health Benefi ts Scheme 2011 % 2010 % 4.25 5.40 5.40 4.40 4.40 8.00 5.30 n/a 4.50 5.50 4.90 3.00 2.75 3.10 2.10 2.50 2.50 4.50 6.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 5.60 n/a 4.50 5.50 5.00 3.00 2.50 3.20 2.70 2.50 2.50 4.50 4.00 To determine the expected returns of each of the asset classes held by the relevant scheme, the actuaries assessed historical return trends and market expectations for the asset class returns applicable for the period over which the obligation is to be settled. The overall expected rate of return on assets for each scheme was then determined as the weighted average of the expected returns for the classes of assets held by the relevant scheme. Assumed medical cost trend rates do not have a material eff ect on the amounts recognised as income or included in the balance sheet. Consolidated The Company 2011 $m 2010 $m 2009 $m 2008 $m 2007 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m 2009 $m 2008 $m 2007 $m History of experience adjustments Defi ned benefi ts obligation Fair value of scheme assets Surplus/(defi cit) Experience adjustments on scheme liabilities Experience adjustments on scheme assets (1,033) 885 (148) (11) (25) (1,059) 873 (186) (2) 36 (1,095) 849 (246) 7 (49) (1,160) 1,006 (154) 12 (195) (1,267) 1,199 (68) 9 6 (857) 775 (82) (10) (21) (928) 761 (167) 1 26 (938) 738 (200) 7 (32) (1,003) 871 (132) 8 (177) (1,112) 1,037 (75) 10 12 Notes to the Financial Statements 195 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 46: Employee Share and Option Plans ANZ operates a number of employee share and option schemes under the ANZ Employee Share Acquisition Plan and the ANZ Share Option Plan. ANZ EMPLOYEE SHARE ACQUISITION PLAN ANZ Employee Share Acquisition Plan (ESAP) schemes that existed during the 2010 and 2011 years were the $1,000 Share Plan, the Deferred Share Plan, the Restricted Share Plan and the Employee Share Save Scheme (ESSS). Note the ESSS is an employee salary sacrifi ce plan and is not captured as a share based payment expense. $1,000 Share Plan Each permanent employee (excluding senior executives) who has had continuous service for one year is eligible to participate in the $1,000 scheme enabling the grant of up to $1,000 of ANZ shares in each fi nancial year, subject to approval of the Board. At a date approved by the Board, the shares will be granted to all eligible employees using the one week weighted average price of ANZ shares traded on the ASX in the week leading up to and including the date of grant. In Australia and three overseas locations, ANZ ordinary shares are granted to eligible employees for nil consideration and vest immediately when granted, as there is no forfeiture provision. It is a requirement, however, that shares are held in trust for three years from the date of grant, after which time they may remain in trust, be transferred to the employee’s name or sold. In general, dividends received on the shares are automatically reinvested into the Dividend Reinvestment Plan. In New Zealand shares are granted to eligible employees upon payment of NZD one cent per share. From 2011, shares granted in New Zealand and the remaining overseas locations under this plan vest subject to the satisfaction of a three year service period, after which time they may remain in trust, be transferred into the employee’s name or sold. Unvested shares are forfeited in the event of resignation or dismissal for serious misconduct. Dividends are received as cash. During the 2011 year, 1,472,882 shares with an issue price of $23.05 were granted under the plan to employees on 6 December 2010 (2010 year: 1,344,436 shares with an issue price of $22.06 were granted on 7 December 2009). Deferred Share Plan A Short Term Incentive (STI) mandatory deferral program was implemented from 2009, with equity deferral relating to half of all STI amounts above a specifi ed threshold. Prior to 2011, deferred equity could be taken as 100% shares or 50% shares and 50% options. From 2011, all deferred equity is taken as 100% shares. For Management Board members, mandatory STI equity deferral commenced in 2008 (rather than 2009). Unvested STI deferred shares are forfeited on resignation, termination on notice or dismissal for serious misconduct. Selected employees may also be granted Long Term Incentive (LTI) deferred shares which vest to the employee three years from the date of grant. Ordinary shares granted under this LTI plan may be held in trust beyond the deferral period. Unvested LTI deferred shares are forfeited on resignation, termination on notice or dismissal for serious misconduct. STI deferred shares with a two year deferral period were historically granted under a business unit specifi c incentive plan (primarily as a retention tool), and may be held in trust beyond the deferral period. The fi nal grant of these shares vested 2 November 2009. 196 ANZ Annual Report 2011 In exceptional circumstances, deferred shares are granted to certain employees upon commencement with ANZ to compensate for remuneration forgone from their previous employer. The vesting period generally aligns with the remaining vesting period of remuneration forgone, and therefore varies between grants. Retention deferred shares may also be granted occasionally to high performing employees who are regarded as a signifi cant retention risk to ANZ. Unvested deferred shares are forfeited on resignation, termination on notice or dismissal for serious misconduct. The employee receives dividends on deferred shares while those shares are held in trust (cash or dividend reinvestment plan). The issue price for deferred shares is based on the volume weighted average price of the shares traded on the ASX in the week leading up to and including the date of grant. During the 2011 year, 6,393,787 deferred shares with a weighted average grant price of $23.55 were granted under the deferred share plan (2010 year: 5,511,965 shares with a weighted average grant price of $22.83 were granted). Restricted Share Plan Up until 2009 eligible employees were able to elect a pre-tax sacrifi ce of part or their entire annual cash bonus for ANZ shares. The shares were subject to a one year restriction period, however, they could be held in trust beyond the restriction period. The shares are subject to forfeiture on dismissal for serious misconduct. The shares are released to the employee on termination for any other reason. The employee receives all dividends on these restricted shares (cash or dividend reinvestment plan). The issue price was based on the volume weighted average price of the shares traded on the ASX in the week leading up to and including the date of grant. During the 2010 and 2011 fi nancial years, no shares were granted under the restricted share plan. The vesting date of the fi nal grant of shares granted under the restricted share plan was 31 October 2009. Share Valuations The fair value of shares granted in the 2011 year under the $1,000 share plan, the Deferred Share Plan and the Restricted Share Plan, measured as at the date of grant of the shares, is $182.7 million based on 7,866,669 shares at a volume weighted average price of $23.22 (2010 year: fair value of shares granted was $154.4 million based on 6,856,401 shares at a weighted average price of $22.52). The volume weighted average share price of all ANZ shares sold on the ASX on the date of grant is used to calculate the fair value of shares. No dividends are incorporated into the measurement of the fair value of shares. ANZ SHARE OPTION PLAN Selected employees may be granted options/rights, which entitle them to acquire ordinary fully paid shares in ANZ at a price fi xed at the time the options/rights are granted. Voting and dividend rights will be attached to the ordinary shares allocated on exercise of the options/rights. Each option/right entitles the holder to one ordinary share subject to the terms and conditions imposed on grant. The exercise price of the options, determined in accordance with the rules of the plan, is generally based on the weighted average price of the shares traded on the ASX in the week leading up to and including the date of grant. For rights, the exercise price is nil. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 46: Employee Share and Option Plans (continued) The option plan rules set out the entitlements a holder of options/ rights has prior to exercise in the event of a bonus issue, pro-rata new issue or reorganisation of ANZ’s share capital. In summary: if ANZ has issued bonus shares during the life of an option and prior to the exercise of the option, then when the option is exercised the option holder is also entitled to be issued such number of bonus shares as the holder would have been entitled to if the option holder had held the underlying shares at the time of the bonus issue; if ANZ makes a pro-rata off er of securities during the life of an option and prior to the exercise of the option, the exercise price of the option will be adjusted in the manner set out in the Listing Rules; and in respect of rights, if there is a bonus issue or reorganisation of the Bank’s share capital, the number of rights or the number of underlying shares may be adjusted so that there is no advantage or disadvantage to the holder. Holders otherwise have no other entitlements to participate in any new issue of ANZ securities prior to exercise of their options/rights. Holders also have no right to participate in a share issue of a body corporate other than ANZ (e.g. a subsidiary). ANZ Share Option Plan schemes expensed in the 2010 and 2011 years are as follows: Current Option Plans Performance Rights Plan (excluding CEO Performance Rights) Performance rights are granted to selected employees as part of ANZ’s LTI program. The fi rst grant of performance rights was in November 2005, and provides the right to acquire ANZ shares at nil cost, subject to a three year vesting period and a Total Shareholder Return (TSR) performance hurdle. The proportion of LTI performance rights that become exercisable will depend upon the TSR achieved by ANZ relative to a comparator group of major fi nancial services companies, measured over the same period (since grant) and calculated at the third anniversary of grant. An averaging calculation is used for TSR over a 90 day period for start and end values in order to reduce the impact of share price volatility. Performance equal to the median TSR of the comparator group will result in half the performance rights becoming exercisable. Vesting will increase on a straight-line basis until all of the performance rights become exercisable where ANZ TSR is at or above the 75th percentile of TSRs in the comparator group. Where ANZ’s performance falls between two of the comparators, TSR is measured on a pro-rata basis. The performance hurdle will only be tested once at the end of the three year vesting period. If the performance rights do not pass the hurdle on the testing date, or they are not exercised by the end of the exercise period (fi ve years from the date of grant), they will lapse. The provisions that apply in the case of cessation of employment are detailed in Section 3.2 Disclosed Executives’ Contract Terms in the Remuneration Report (Audited), pages 44 to 45. During the 2011 year, 466,133 performance rights (excluding CEO performance rights) were granted (2010: 771,585). CEO Performance Rights At the 2010 Annual General Meeting shareholders approved an LTI grant to the CEO equivalent to 100% of his 2010 TEC, being $3 million. This equated to a total of 253,164 performance rights being allocated, which will be subject to testing against a TSR hurdle after three years, i.e. December 2013. At the 2007 Annual General Meeting shareholders approved an LTI grant consisting of three tranches of performance rights, each to a maximum value of $3 million. The performance periods for each tranche begin on the date of grant of 19 December 2007 and end on the third, fourth and fi fth anniversaries respectively (i.e. only one performance measurement for each tranche). Each tranche will only be performance tested once at the end of the respective vesting dates. The level of vesting for each tranche will be based on ANZ TSR performance against a comparator group of companies consistent with the performance rights plan. Each tranche has a one year exercise period. The fi rst of these tranches was tested against a relative TSR hurdle after three years, i.e. December 2010. As a result of the testing, 258,620 performance rights vested and were exercised during the year. The provisions that apply in the case of cessation of employment are detailed in Section 3.1 CEO’s Contract Terms in the Remuneration Report (Audited), page 44. CEO Options At the 2008 Annual General Meeting, shareholders approved a special grant to the CEO of 700,000 options, which were granted on18 December 2008. These will be available for exercise on 18 December 2011, with the option exercise price $14.18 per share determined at grant in line with the methodology described under the ANZ Share Option Plan section of this note. Upon exercise, each option entitles the CEO to one ordinary ANZ share. At grant the options were independently valued with a fair value of $2.27 each, i.e. a total value of $1.589 million. The provisions that apply in the case of cessation of employment are detailed in Section 3.1 CEO’s Contract Terms in the Remuneration Report (Audited), page 44. Deferred Options (no performance hurdles) Under the STI deferral program half of all amounts above a specifi ed threshold are provided as deferred equity. Previously deferred equity could be taken as 100% shares or 50% shares and 50% options. From 2011, all deferred equity is taken as 100% shares (refer to Deferred Share Plan section above). During the 2011 year 395,564 deferred options (no performance hurdles) were granted (2010: 210,495). Deferred Share Rights (no performance hurdles) Deferred share rights are granted instead of deferred shares to accommodate off -shore taxation regulations. They provide the right to acquire ANZ shares at nil cost after a specifi ed vesting period. The fair value of rights is adjusted for the absence of dividends during the restriction period. Treatment of rights in respect of cessation relates to the purpose of the grant (refer to Deferred Share Plan and Restricted Share Plan sections). During the 2011 year 541,213 deferred share rights (no performance hurdles) were granted (2010: 546,952). Options, deferred share rights and performance rights on issue As at 2 November 2011, there were 1,446 holders of 4,996,035 options on issue, 625 holders of 1,167,512 deferred share rights on issue and 14 holders of 2,279,532 performance rights on issue. Notes to the Financial Statements 197 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 46: Employee Share and Option Plans (continued) Option Movements Details of options/rights over unissued ANZ shares and their related weighted average exercise prices as at the beginning and end of 2011 and movements during 2011 are set out below: Weighted average exercise price Opening balance 1 October 2010 Options/rights granted Options/rights forfeited Options/rights expired Options/rights exercised Closing balance 30 September 2011 11,539,878 $13.01 1,656,074 $5.66 (131,689) $12.72 (160,071) $20.34 (3,942,613) $10.93 8,961,579 $12.44 The weighted average share price during the year ended 30 September 2011 was $22.35 (2010: $22.92). The weighted average remaining contractual life of options/rights outstanding at 30 September 2011 was 2.1 years (2010: 2.2 years). The weighted average exercise price of all exercisable options/rights outstanding at 30 September 2011 was $20.87 (2010: $19.43). A total of 4,286,317 exercisable options/rights were outstanding at 30 September 2011 (2010: 6,551,277). Details of options/rights over unissued ANZ shares and their related weighted average exercise prices as at the beginning and end of 2010 and movements during 2010 are set out below: Weighted average exercise price Opening balance 1 October 2009 Options/rights granted Options/rights forfeited Options/rights expired Options/rights exercised Closing balance 30 September 2010 15,129,013 $14.80 1,529,032 $3.14 (657,491) $12.30 (1,862,160) $17.54 (2,598,516) $14.57 11,539,878 $13.01 No options/rights over ordinary shares have been granted since the end of 2011 up to the signing of the Directors’ Report on 2 November 2011. Details of shares issued as a result of the exercise of options/rights during 2011 are as follows: Exercise price $ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 No. of shares issued 12,481 185,723 10,421 9,623 1,662 15,420 648,296 6,089 119,251 17,351 22,633 258,620 82 33,459 83,197 65,687 12,696 78,422 5,095 13,152 Proceeds received $ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Exercise price $ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.55 17.55 18.22 18.22 20.68 20.68 20.68 23.49 17.18 17.18 17.18 17.18 17.18 17.18 22.80 No. of shares issued 3,118 5,347 2,439 19 440,251 69,106 829,957 270,465 2,908 127,788 202,802 74,259 101,861 36,096 129,283 3,081 1,587 35,456 7,430 Details of shares issued as a result of the exercise of options/rights during 2010 are as follows: 0 Exercise price $ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.34 17.60 No. of shares issued 370,945 9,648 9,637 9,637 23,765 9,669 17,956 223 500 50,354 9,144 7,081 192,344 525,843 Proceeds received $ – – – – – – – – – – – – 3,335,245 9,254,837 Exercise price $ 17.55 17.55 18.22 18.22 18.22 20.68 20.68 20.68 23.49 17.18 17.18 17.18 17.18 17.18 No. of shares issued 361,901 68,724 167,611 6,842 121,873 8,513 146,883 188,105 33,059 74,580 117,384 24,192 7,853 34,250 198 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Proceeds received $ – – – – 7,726,405 1,212,810 15,121,817 4,927,872 60,137 2,642,656 4,193,945 1,744,344 1,749,972 620,129 2,221,082 52,932 27,265 609,134 169,404 Proceeds received $ 6,351,363 1,206,106 3,053,872 124,661 2,220,526 176,049 3,037,540 3,890,011 776,556 1,281,284 2,016,657 415,619 134,915 588,415 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 46: Employee Share and Option Plans (continued) Details of shares as a result of the exercise of options/rights since the end of 2011 up to the signing of the Directors’ Report on 2 November 2011 are as follows: Exercise price $ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 No. of shares issued 2,888 1,472 525 63 59 Proceeds received $ – – – – – Exercise price $ 0.00 20.68 20.68 17.18 No. of shares issued 25,840 408,552 31,106 12,598 Proceeds received $ – 8,448,855 643,272 216,434 In determining the fair value below, the standard market techniques for valuation including Monte Carlo and/or Black Scholes pricing models were applied in accordance with the requirements of AASB2. The models take into account early exercise of vested equity, non-transferability and market based performance hurdles (if any). The signifi cant assumptions used to measure the fair value of instruments granted during 2011 are contained in the table below: Type of equity STI deferred options STI deferred share rights LTI deferred share rights LTI performance rights Deferred share rights Grant date 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 12-Nov-10 17-Dec-10 12-Nov-10 6-Dec-10 10-May-11 10-May-11 25-Jul-11 25-Jul-11 25-Jul-11 25-Jul-11 29-Aug-11 29-Aug-11 29-Aug-11 Number of options/rights 197,786 197,778 83,125 87,273 323,757 466,133 253,164 3,988 3,130 8,329 1,625 2,799 3,115 1,055 1,119 3,149 17,037 1,712 Equity fair value ($) 3.96 4.20 22.11 21.06 20.06 11.96 11.85 20.06 20.10 21.97 20.92 20.10 18.96 19.90 18.78 19.05 17.96 16.93 Exercise price (5 day VWAP) ($) Share closing price at grant ($) ANZ expected volatility1 (%) Equity term (years) Vesting period (years) Expected life (years) Expected dividend yield (%) Risk free interest rate (%) 23.71 23.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.22 23.22 23.22 23.22 23.22 23.22 23.59 23.22 23.27 23.07 23.07 21.31 21.31 21.31 21.31 20.21 20.21 20.21 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 25 25 25 25 25 25 n/a n/a n/a 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 3 2 3 2 3 2.2 3.2 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 2 1.2 2.2 1 2 3 3 3.5 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 2 1.2 2.2 1 2 3 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.04 5.11 4.70 4.97 5.04 5.04 5.15 5.04 4.94 4.96 5.02 4.41 4.34 4.41 4.34 n/a n/a n/a The signifi cant assumptions used to measure the fair value of instruments granted during 2010 are contained in the table below: Type of Equity STI deferred options STI deferred share rights LTI deferred share rights LTI performance rights Deferred share rights Grant date 13-Nov-09 13-Nov-09 13-Nov-09 13-Nov-09 13-Nov-09 24-Aug-10 13-Nov-09 24-Dec-09 17-Mar-10 17-Mar-10 21-Jan-10 20-Apr-10 20-Apr-10 20-Apr-10 25-Jun-10 25-Jun-10 25-Jun-10 Number of options/rights 105,252 105,243 96,431 101,260 310,789 2,439 371,811 57,726 168,918 173,130 3,701 8,576 3,118 3,259 8,369 2,916 6,094 Equity fair value ($) 4.83 5.09 21.41 20.39 19.42 22.13 12.17 11.26 14.80 14.44 20.26 23.32 24.05 23.01 21.50 20.57 19.69 Exercise price (5 day VWAP) ($) Share closing price at grant ($) ANZ expected volatility1 (%) Equity term (years) Vesting period (years) Expected life (years) Expected dividend yield (%) Risk free interest rate (%) 22.80 22.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.48 22.48 22.48 22.48 22.48 22.64 22.48 22.39 24.61 24.61 23.26 25.13 25.13 25.13 22.47 22.47 22.47 39 39 35 35 35 30 35 40 40 40 n/a 35 35 35 35 35 35 5 5 5 5 5 2.5 5 5 5 6 5 3.6 3 4 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 0.5 3 3 3 4 3 1.6 1 2 1 2 3 3 3.5 1 2 3 1.5 3 3 3 4 3 1.6 1 2 1 2 3 5.50 5.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.50 5.00 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 5.04 5.13 4.26 4.67 5.01 4.38 5.01 4.71 5.10 5.24 n/a 4.96 4.48 4.96 4.48 4.54 4.61 1 Expected volatility represents a measure of the amount by which ANZ’s share price is expected to fluctuate over the life of the options/rights. The measure of volatility used in the model is the annualised standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the historical share price over a defined period of time preceding the date of grant. This historical average annualised volatility is then used to estimate a reasonable expected volatility over the expected life of the options/rights. Notes to the Financial Statements 199 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 47: Key Management Personnel Disclosures SECTION A: KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL COMPENSATION Key management personnel (KMP) are employees of the ultimate parent entity, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited or its subsidiaries. The KMP compensation included in the personnel expenses is as follows: Short term employee benefi ts Post employment benefi ts Long term employee benefi ts Termination benefi ts Share based payments 2011 $ 18,106,775 450,000 180,102 – 12,721,125 31,458,002 2010 $ 18,695,781 427,625 166,949 – 11,523,031 30,813,386 SECTION B: KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL LOAN TRANSACTIONS Loans made to directors of the Company and other key management personnel of the Group are made in the ordinary course of business on an arms length commercial basis, including the term of the loan, security required and the interest rate. Details of loans outstanding at the reporting date to directors of the Company and other key management personnel of the Group including their related parties, where the individuals aggregate loan balance exceeded $100,000 at any time in the year, are as follows: Directors Executive Director 2011 M Smith Executive Director 2010 M Smith Non-executive Directors 2011 P Hay A Watkins Non-executive Directors 2010 P Hay A Watkins Other key management personnel 2011 G Hodges A Thursby C Page D Hisco1 Other key management personnel 2010 J Fagg2 G Hodges A Thursby C Page Opening balance 1 October $ Closing balance 30 September $ Interest paid and payable in the reporting period $ Highest balance in the reporting period $ 6,840,953 18,380,409 1,510,088 18,403,779 – 6,840,953 592,896 6,840,953 1,125,000 3,490,211 1,125,000 3,289,964 8,018,058 1,596,910 559,471 2,000,000 4,117,937 10,415,975 1,890,097 1,750,932 661,793 3,320,081 1,125,000 3,490,211 5,202,380 2,984,500 511,605 2,000,000 – 8,018,058 1,596,910 559,471 63,607 237,748 65,023 250,694 441,857 248,615 6,624 140,564 240,024 552,875 110,871 22,798 1,131,263 3,490,388 1,131,263 3,490,211 8,753,988 4,581,410 559,471 2,000,000 4,625,136 10,530,669 1,890,097 1,760,616 Details regarding the aggregate of loans made, guaranteed or secured by any entity in the Group to each group of Directors and other KMP, including their related parties, are as follows: Directors 2011 2010 Other key management personnel 2011 2010 Opening balance 1 October $ Closing balance 30 September $ Interest paid and payable in the reporting period $ Number in Group at 30 September3 11,456,164 4,414,964 22,362,283 11,456,164 1,811,443 908,613 12,174,439 18,174,941 10,698,485 10,174,439 837,660 926,568 3 3 4 3 1 The opening balance represents the balance on appointment as a KMP on 13 October 2010. 2 The closing balance represents the balance on cessation as a KMP on 1 September 2010. 3 Number in the Group includes directors and other KMP with loan balances greater than $100,000 at any time during the year. 200 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 47: Key Management Personnel Disclosures (continued) SECTION C: KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL EQUITY INSTRUMENT HOLDINGS i) Options, deferred share rights and performance rights Details of options, deferred share rights and performance rights held directly, indirectly or benefi cially by each KMP, including their related parties, are provided below: Name Type of options/rights Executive Director 2011 M Smith Executive Director 2010 M Smith Special options LTI performance rights Special options LTI performance rights Other Key Management Personnel 2011 P Chronican S Elliott Other Key Management Personnel 2010 P Chronican S Elliott D Hisco1 G Hodges P Marriott C Page A Thursby J Fagg2 G Hodges P Marriott C Page A Thursby LTI performance rights STI deferred options LTI performance rights Hurdled options LTI performance rights STI deferred share rights Hurdled options STI deferred options LTI performance rights STI deferred share rights Hurdled options STI deferred options LTI performance rights Performance rights STI deferred options LTI performance rights LTI performance rights STI deferred options LTI performance rights Hurdled options Index-linked options LTI performance rights STI deferred share rights Hurdled options Index-linked options STI deferred options LTI performance rights STI deferred share rights Hurdled options Index-linked options STI deferred options LTI performance rights Performance rights STI deferred options LTI performance rights Opening balance at 1 October Granted during the year as remuneration Exercised during the year Resulting from any other change during the year Closing balance at 30 September Vested and exercisable at 30 September3 700,000 779,002 700,000 779,002 57,726 10,614 41,084 32,506 74,631 – 52,191 33,869 149,004 5,663 136,863 48,385 149,004 72,959 164,509 146,544 – – – 33,316 34,155 83,794 37,722 109,181 176,000 67,739 165,260 11,004 136,863 311,000 48,385 165,260 38,038 164,509 101,351 – 253,164 – (258,620) – – – – 54,347 138,476 45,986 – 33,444 17,383 – – 41,806 – – – 41,806 – – 45,986 57,726 10,614 41,084 – – 41,084 8,377 – – – 41,084 – – – – 41,084 34,921 – 45,193 – – – (21,976) (41,764) – (43,791) (33,869) (57,870) – (69,263) – (57,870) – – (46,296) – – – (22,946) – (26,084) – (56,990) – (33,870) (44,461) (5,341) – – – (44,461) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (34,155) (7,556) – – (176,000) – (12,879) – – (311,000) – (12,879) – – – 700,000 773,546 700,000 779,002 112,073 149,090 87,070 10,530 66,311 17,383 8,400 – 132,940 5,663 67,600 48,385 132,940 72,959 164,509 146,234 57,726 10,614 41,084 10,370 – 91,238 46,099 52,191 – 33,869 149,004 5,663 136,863 – 48,385 149,004 72,959 164,509 146,544 – – – – – 5,307 – 10,003 – – 5,400 – – 5,663 64,220 48,385 – – 164,509 – – – – 8,782 – – – 43,791 – – – – 127,399 – 24,193 – – 82,255 – 1 Opening balance is based on holdings at the date of appointment as a KMP on 13 October 2010. 2 Closing balance is based on holdings at the date of cessation as a KMP on 1 September 2010. 3 No options, deferred share rights or performance rights were vested and unexercisable at 30 September 2011 (2010: nil). Notes to the Financial Statements 201 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 47: Key Management Personnel Disclosures (continued) ii) Shares Details of shares held directly, indirectly or benefi cially by each KMP, including their related parties, are provided below: Name Non-executive directors 2011 J Morschel G Clark P Hay1 H Lee I Macfarlane D Meiklejohn A Watkins Non-executive directors 2010 J Morschel G Clark P Hay1 H Lee I Macfarlane D Meiklejohn A Watkins C Goode2 J Ellis3 Executive director 2011 M Smith Executive director 2010 M Smith Other Key Management Personnel 2011 P Chronican S Elliott G Hodges P Marriott D Hisco4 C Page A Thursby Other Key Management Personnel 2010 P Chronican5 S Elliott G Hodges P Marriott J Fagg6 C Page A Thursby Type Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary CPS2 CPS3 Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary CPS2 Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary CPS2 Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary CPS3 Ordinary Ordinary CPS3 Ordinary Ordinary CPS2 Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Opening balance at 1 October Shares granted during the year as remuneration Received during the year on exercise of options or rights Resulting from any other change during the year Closing balance at 30 September7 15,902 15,479 9,043 9,654 13,616 500 – 16,198 19,461 12,902 13,521 7,006 1,575 12,616 – 16,198 19,461 773,251 154,343 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3,000 – 2,600 105 4,000 – 1,000 – – 3,000 1,958 2,037 8,079 1,000 500 – – 18,473 75 18,902 15,479 11,643 9,759 17,616 500 1,000 16,198 19,461 15,902 15,479 9,043 9,654 13,616 500 16,198 19,461 791,724 154,418 469,376 94,896 258,620 7,406 830,298 375,025 92,105 – 2,246 469,376 3,000 1,499 18,069 246,880 553,814 – 52,647 31,449 – 223,103 – 1,499 15,060 282,054 534,350 47,144 – 167,824 25,305 – 24,251 19,822 19,822 – – 41,542 – 48,502 – – 2,192 14,473 14,254 – 30,701 52,631 – – – 135,530 127,133 – 63,740 – – 46,296 – – – 140,662 44,461 49,030 – – 3,746 – 1,857 (172,316) (64,645) 5,000 (60,000) (1,787) 2,500 (39,671) 3,000 – 817 (190,309) (39,251) (11,209) 748 2,648 32,051 1,499 44,177 229,916 636,124 5,000 56,387 71,204 2,500 278,230 3,000 1,499 18,069 246,880 553,814 84,965 31,449 223,103 1 Excludes shares of 19,855 (2010: 19,855) which are held indirectly where P Hay has no beneficial interest. 2 The closing balance represents the balance on cessation as a KMP on 28 February 2010. 3 The closing balance represents the balance on cessation as a KMP on 18 December 2009. 4 The opening balance is based on holdings at the date of appointment as a KMP on 13 October 2010. 5 The opening balance is based on holdings at the date of appointment as a KMP on 30 November 2009. 6 The closing balance represents the balance on cessation as a KMP on 1 September 2010. 7 The following shares (included in the holdings above) were held on behalf of KMP (i.e. indirect beneficially held shares) as at 30 September 2011: J Morschel – 11,860 (2010: 8,860); G Clark – 15,479 (2010: 15,479); P Hay – 11,369 (2010: 8,785); H Lee – 1,759 (2010: 1,654); J Macfarlane – 19,116 (2010: 14,116); D Meiklejohn – 13,698 (2010: 13,698); A Watkins – 18,419 (2010: 18,419); M Smith – 150,600 (2010: 204,362); P Chronican – 26,051 (2010: nil); S Elliott – 44,177 (2010: 18,069); D Hisco – 52,364 (2010: n/a); G Hodges – 162,916 (2010: 141,573); P Marriott – 156,072 (2010: 134,218); C Page – 59,075 (2010: 31,449); A Thursby – 278,230 (2010: 223,103). 202 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 48: Transactions with Other Related Parties Joint Venture entities During 2010, the Group conducted transactions with joint venture entities on terms equivalent to those on an arm’s length basis. The Group no longer has joint venture entities. Amounts receivable from joint venture entities Interest revenue Interest expense Commissions received from joint venture entities Cost recovered from joint venture entities Consolidated 2011 $000 – – – – – 2010 $000 – 1,542 16,171 24,136 1,494 Associates During the course of the fi nancial year the Company and Group conducted transactions with associates on terms equivalent to those on an arm’s length basis as shown below: Amounts receivable from associates Amounts payable to associates Interest revenue Interest payable Other revenue Dividend revenue Cost recovered from associates Consolidated The Company 2011 $000 56,122 70,199 4,428 1,864 2,516 80,435 1,921 2010 $000 179,265 63,935 12,118 2,893 1,105 39,474 1,413 2011 $000 26,341 3,433 – – 2,516 78,688 255 2010 $000 35,949 3,688 5,228 – 1,105 38,169 1,413 There have been no guarantees given or received. No outstanding amounts have been written down or recorded as allowances, as they are considered fully collectible. Subsidiaries During the course of the fi nancial year subsidiaries conducted transactions with each other and joint ventures and associates on terms equivalent to those on an arm’s length basis. They are fully eliminated on consolidation. As of 30 September 2011, all outstanding amounts are considered fully collectible. 49: Life Insurance Business The Group conducts its life insurance business through OnePath Life Limited, OnePath Life (NZ) Limited and OnePath Insurance Services (NZ) Limited. This note is intended to provide disclosures in relation to the life businesses conducted through these controlled entities. SOLVENCY POSITION OF LIFE INSURER Australian life insurers are required to hold reserves in excess of policy liabilities to meet certain solvency requirements under the Life Act. The life insurance business in New Zealand is not governed by the Life Act as these are foreign domiciled life insurance companies. These companies are however required to meet similar solvency tests. The summarised solvency information below in respect of solvency requirements under the Life Act has been extracted from the fi nancial statements prepared by OnePath Life Limited. For detailed solvency information on a statutory fund basis, users of this annual fi nancial report should refer to the separate fi nancial statements prepared by OnePath Life Limited. Solvency requirements as at 30 September represented by: – minimum termination value – other liabilities – solvency reserve Assets available for solvency reserves Coverage of solvency reserves (times) OnePath Life Limited 2011 $m 2010 $m 29,946 31,143 28,735 855 356 619 1.74 29,966 831 346 564 1.6 Notes to the Financial Statements 203 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 49: Life Insurance Business (continued) LIFE INSURANCE BUSINESS PROFIT ANALYSIS Net shareholder profi t after income tax1 Net shareholder profi t after income tax is represented by: Emergence of planned profi t margins Diff erence between actual and assumed experience (Loss recognition)/reversal of previous losses on groups of related products Investment earnings on retained profi ts and capital Net policyholder profi t in statutory funds after income tax Net policyholder profi t in statutory funds after income tax is represented by: Emergence of planned profi ts Investment earnings on retained profi ts Life insurance contracts Life investment contracts Consolidated 2011 $m 251 173 – (10) 88 12 11 1 2010 $m 148 126 (1) (3) 26 4 2 2 2011 $m 126 136 (15) – 5 – – – 2010 $m 119 91 5 – 23 – – – 2011 $m 377 309 (15) (10) 93 12 11 1 2010 $m 267 217 4 (3) 49 4 2 2 1 The 2010 comparatives represent the 10 months following of the acquisition of OnePath Life Limited and OnePath Insurance Holdings (NZ) Limited. INVESTMENTS RELATING TO INSURANCE BUSINESS Equity securities Debt securities Investments in managed investment schemes Derivative fi nancial assets Other investments Total investments backing policy liabilities designated at fair value through profi t or loss1 Consolidated 2011 $m 9,980 9,040 8,913 27 1,899 29,859 2010 $m 11,520 8,738 10,037 12 1,864 32,171 1 This includes $5,033 million (2010: $5,448 million) in respect of investments relating to external unitholders. In addition, the investment balance has been reduced by $3,106 million (2010: $2,633 million) in respect of the elimination of intercompany balances, treasury shares and the re-allocation of policyholder tax balances. Investments held in statutory funds can only be used to meet the liabilities and expenses of that fund, or to make profi t distributions when solvency and capital adequacy requirements of the Life Act are met. Accordingly, with the exception of permitted profi t distributions, the investments held in the statutory funds are not available for use by other parties of the Group. 204 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 49: Life Insurance Business (continued) INSURANCE POLICY LIABILITIES a) Policy liabilities Life insurance contract liabilities Best estimate liability Value of future policy benefi ts Value of future expenses Value of future premium Value of declared bonuses Value of future profi ts Policyholder bonus Shareholder profi t margin Business valued by non-projection method1 Total net life insurance contract liabilities Unvested policyholder benefi ts Liabilities ceded under reinsurance contracts2 (refer note 20) Total life insurance contract liabilities Life investment contract liabilities3,4 Total policy liabilities Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m 6,059 1,736 (8,882) 11 34 1,454 3 415 42 427 884 4,037 1,333 (6,515) 3 51 1,035 631 575 44 360 979 26,619 27,503 28,002 28,981 1 Liabilities arising under group insurance products were measured using a non-projection method in 2010. In the current year these liabilities were measured using a Margin on Services model. 2 Liabilities ceded under insurance contracts are shown as ‘other assets’. 3 Designated at fair value through profit or loss. 4 Life investment contract liabilities that relate to the capital guaranteed element is $1,946 million (2010: $2,156 million). Life investment contract liabilities subject to investment performance guarantees is $1,107 million (2010: $1,141 million). b) Reconciliation of movements in policy liabilities Life investment contracts Life insurance contracts 2011 $m 2010 $m 2011 $m 2010 $m Consolidated 2011 $m 2010 $m Policy liabilities Gross liability at acquisition/brought forward Movements in policy liabilities refl ected in the income statement Deposit premium recognised as a change in life investment contract liability Fees recognised as a change in life investment contract liabilities Withdrawal recognised as a change in other life investment contract liability Gross policy liability closing balance Liabilities ceded under reinsurance1 Balance at acquisition/brought forward Increase in reinsurance asset Closing balance 28,002 (759) 3,834 (471) (3,987) 26,619 27,353 948 5,264 (345) (5,218) 28,002 – – – – – – Total policy liability net of reinsurance asset 26,619 28,002 979 (95) – – – 884 360 67 427 457 1,091 (112) – – – 979 306 54 360 619 28,981 (854) 3,834 (471) (3,987) 27,503 360 67 427 28,444 836 5,264 (345) (5,218) 28,981 306 54 360 27,076 28,621 1 Liabilities ceded under insurance contracts are shown as ‘other assets’. c) Sensitivity analysis – Life investment contract liability Market risk arises on the Group’s life insurance business in respect of contracts where an element of the liability to the policyholder is guaranteed by the Group. The value of the guarantee is impacted by changes in underlying asset values and interest rates. As at September 2011, a 10% decline in equity markets would have decreased profi t by $26 million (2010: $23 million) and a 10% increase would have increased profi t by $10 million (2010: $7 million). A 1% increase in interest rates at 30 September would have decreased profi t by $16 million (2010: $15 million) and 1% decrease would have increased profi t by $10 million (2010: $7 million). Notes to the Financial Statements 205 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 49: Life Insurance Business (continued) METHODS AND ASSUMPTIONS LIFE INSURANCE CONTRACTS Signifi cant actuarial methods The eff ective date of the actuarial report on policy liabilities (which includes insurance contract liabilities and life investment contract liabilities) and solvency requirements is 30 September 2011. In Australia, the actuarial report was prepared by Mr Nick Kulikov, FIAA, Appointed Actuary. The actuarial reports indicate Mr Kulikov is satisfi ed as to the accuracy of the data upon which policy liabilities have been determined. The amount of policy liabilities has been determined in accordance with methods and assumptions disclosed in this fi nancial report and the requirements of the Life Act, which includes applicable standards of the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA). Policy liabilities have been calculated in accordance with Prudential Standard LPS 1.04 Valuation of Policy Liabilities issued by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) in accordance with the requirements of the Life Insurance Act (LIA). For life insurance contracts the Standard requires the policy liabilities to be calculated in a way which allows for the systematic release of planned margins as services are provided to policyholders. The profi t carriers used to achieve the systematic release of planned margins are based on the product groups. In New Zealand, the actuarial report was prepared by Mr Michael Bartram FIAA FNZSA, who is a fellow of the Institute of Actuaries of Australia and a fellow of the New Zealand Society of Actuaries. The amount of policy liabilities has been determined in accordance with Professional Standard 3: Determination of Life Insurance Policy Liabilities of the New Zealand Society of Actuaries. The actuarial reports indicate that Mr Bartram is satisfi ed as to the accuracy of the data upon which policy liabilities have been determined. Critical assumptions The valuation of the policy liabilities is dependant on a number of variables including interest rate, equity prices, future expenses, mortality, morbidity and infl ation. The critical estimates and judgments used in determining the policy liability is set out note 2 (vii), page 105. Sensitivity analysis – life insurance contracts The Group conducts sensitivity analyses to quantify the exposure of the life insurance contracts to risk of changes in the key underlying variables such as interest rate, equity prices, mortality, morbidity and infl ation. The valuations included in the reported results and the Group’s best estimate of future performance is calculated using certain assumptions about these variables. The movement in any key variable will impact the performance and net assets of the Group and as such represents a risk. The table below illustrates how changes in key assumptions would impact the reported profi t, policy liabilities and equity at 30 September 2011. Variable Impact of movement in underlying variable Market interest rates A change in market interest rates aff ects the value placed on future cash fl ows. This changes profi t and shareholder equity. Expense rate Mortality rate Morbidity rate An increase in the level or infl ationary growth of expenses over assumed levels will decrease profi t and shareholder equity. Greater mortality rates would lead to higher levels of claims occurring, increasing associated claims cost and therefore reducing profi t and shareholder equity. The cost of health-related claims depends on both the incidence of policyholders becoming ill and the duration which they remain ill. Higher than expected incidence and duration would increase claim costs, reducing profi t and shareholder equity. Profi t/(loss) net of reinsurance Insurance contract liabilities net of reinsurance $m 42 (33) 2 (3) (5) (3) 2 (14) $m (49) 38 (2) 3 8 3 (2) 18 Change in variable % change -1% +1% -10% +10% -10% +10% -10% +10% Equity $m 42 (33) 2 (3) (5) (3) 2 (14) 206 ANZ Annual Report 2011 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 49: Life Insurance Business (continued) LIFE INSURANCE RISK Insurance risk is the risk of loss due to increases in policy benefi ts arising from variations in the incidence or severity of insured events. Insurance risk exposure arises in insurance business as the risk that claims payments are greater than expected. In the life insurance business this arises primarily through mortality (death) or morbidity (illness or injury) risks being greater than expected. Insurance risks are controlled through the use of underwriting procedures and reinsurance arrangements. Controls are also maintained over claims management practices to assist in the correct and timely payment of insurance claims. Regular monitoring of experience is conducted at a suffi ciently detailed level in order to identify any deviation from expected claim levels. Financial risks relating to the Group’s insurance business are generally monitored and controlled by selecting appropriate assets to back insurance and life investment contract liabilities. Wherever possible within regulatory constraints, the Group segregates policyholders funds from shareholders funds and sets investment mandates that are appropriate for each. The assets are regularly monitored by the OnePath Investment Risk Management Committee to ensure that there are no material asset and liability mismatching issues and other risks such as liquidity risk and credit risk are maintained within acceptable limits. All fi nancial assets within the life insurance statutory funds directly support either the Group’s life insurance or life investment contracts. Market risk arises for the Group on contracts where the liabilities to policyholders are guaranteed by the life company. The Group manages this risk by the monthly monitoring and rebalancing of assets to policy liabilities. However, for some contracts the ability to match asset characteristics with policy obligations is constrained by a number of factors including regulatory constraints, the lack of suitable investments as well as by the nature of the policy liabilities themselves. A market risk also arises from those life investment contracts where the benefi ts paid are directly impacted by the value of the underlying assets. The Group is exposed to the risk of future decreased asset management fees as a result of a decline in assets under management and operational risk associated with the possible failure to administer life investment contracts in accordance with the product terms and conditions. Risk strategy In compliance with contractual and regulatory requirements, a strategy is in place to monitor that the risks underwritten satisfy policyholders’ risk and reward objectives whilst not adversely aff ecting the Group’s ability to pay benefi ts and claims when due. The strategy involves the identifi cation of risks by type, impact and likelihood, the implementation of processes and controls to mitigate the risks, and continuous monitoring and improvement of the procedures in place to minimise the chance of an adverse compliance or operational risk event occurring. Included in this strategy are the processes and controls over underwriting and product pricing. Capital management is also a key aspect of the Group’s risk management strategy. Allocation of capital The Group’s insurance businesses are subject to regulatory capital requirements which prescribe the amount of capital to be held depending on the contract liability. Solvency margin requirements established by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) are in place to reinforce safeguards for policyholders’ interest, which are primarily the ability to meet future claims payments in respect of existing policies. Methods to limit or transfer insurance risk exposures Reinsurance – All reinsurance treaties are analysed using a number of analytical modeling tools to assess the impact on the Group’s exposure to risk with the objective of achieving the desired choice of type of reinsurance and retention levels. Underwriting procedures – Strategic underwriting decisions are put into eff ect using the underwriting procedures detailed in the Group’s underwriting manual. Such procedures include limits to delegated authorities and signing powers. Claims management – Strict claims management procedures are in place to assist in the timely and correct payment of claims in accordance with policy conditions. Asset and liability management techniques – Assets are held by the Group in order to minimise the duration mismatch on policies with long term fi xed payout patterns. Other assets are allocated to diff erent classes of business using a risk based approach. Notes to the Financial Statements 207 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 50: Exchange Rates The exchange rates used in the translation of the results and the assets and liabilities of major overseas branches and controlled entities are: Chinese Yuan Euro Great British Pound Indian Rupee Indonesian Rupiah Malaysian Ringgit New Zealand Dollar Papua New Guinea Kina United States Dollar 51: Events Since the End of the Financial Year There have been no material events since the end of the fi nancial year. 2011 2010 Closing Average Closing Average 6.2149 0.7194 0.6243 47.5992 8,573.0 3.1052 1.2727 2.1794 0.9731 6.7036 0.7353 0.6386 46.2575 8,985.7 3.1270 1.3051 2.5413 1.0251 6.4687 0.7111 0.6105 43.4142 8,625.3 2.9850 1.3139 2.5920 0.9668 6.1242 0.6632 0.5769 41.5085 8,279.6 2.9582 1.2603 2.4570 0.8990 208 ANZ Annual Report 2011 DIRECTORS’ DECLARATION The Directors of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited declare that: a) in the Directors’ opinion, the fi nancial statements and notes of the Company and the consolidated entity have been prepared in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including that they: i) comply with applicable Australian Accounting Standards, (including the Australian Accounting Interpretations) and the Corporations Regulations 2001; and ii) give a true and fair view of the fi nancial position of the Company and of the consolidated entity as at 30 September 2011 and of their performance as represented by the results of their operations and their cash fl ows, for the year ended on that date; and iii) the fi nancial statements and notes of the Company and the consolidated entity comply with International Financial Reporting Standards as described in note 1 (A)(i). b) in the Directors’ opinion, the remuneration disclosures that are contained on pages 16 to 45 of the Remuneration Report comply with the Corporations Act 2001; and c) the Directors have received the declarations required by section 295A of the Corporations Act 2001; and d) in the Directors’ opinion, there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Company will be able to pay its debts as and when they become due and payable; and e) the Company and certain of its wholly owned controlled entities (listed in note 44) have executed a Deed of Cross Guarantee enabling them to take advantage of the accounting and audit relief off ered by class order 98/1418 (as amended), issued by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. The nature of the Deed of Cross Guarantee is to guarantee to each creditor payment in full of any debt in accordance with the terms of the Deed of Cross Guarantee. At the date of this declaration, there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Company and its controlled entities which executed the Deed of Cross Guarantee are able, as an economic entity, to meet any obligations or liabilities to which they are, or may become subject to, by virtue of the Deed of Cross Guarantee. Signed in accordance with a resolution of the Directors. John Morschel Chairman 2 November 2011 Michael R P Smith Director Directors’ Declaration 209 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND BANKING GROUP LIMITED INDEPENDENCE In conducting our audit, we have complied with the independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001. AUDITOR’S OPINION In our opinion: (a) the fi nancial report of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited is in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including: (i) giving a true and fair view of the Company’s and the Group’s fi nancial position as at 30 September 2011 and of their performance for the year ended on that date; and (ii) complying with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Regulations 2001. (b) the fi nancial report also complies with International Financial Reporting Standards as disclosed in note 1(A)(i). REPORT ON THE REMUNERATION REPORT We have audited the remuneration report included in pages 22 to 45 of the directors’ report for the year ended 30 September 2011. The directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation and presentation of the remuneration report in accordance with Section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the remuneration report, based on our audit conducted in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. AUDITOR’S OPINION In our opinion, the remuneration report of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited for the year ended 30 September 2011, complies with Section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001. KPMG Melbourne 2 November 2011 Peter Nash Partner REPORT ON THE FINANCIAL REPORT We have audited the accompanying fi nancial report of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (the Company), which comprises the balance sheets as at 30 September 2011, and income statements, statements of comprehensive income, statements of changes in equity and cash fl ow statements for the year ended on that date, notes 1 to 51 comprising a summary of signifi cant accounting policies and other explanatory information and the directors’ declaration of the Company and the Group comprising the Company and the entities it controlled at the year’s end or from time to time during the fi nancial year. DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE FINANCIAL REPORT The directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation of the fi nancial report that gives a true and fair view in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Act 2001 and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the fi nancial report that is free from material misstatement whether due to fraud or error. In note 1(A)(i), the directors also state, in accordance with Australian Accounting Standard AASB 101 Presentation of Financial Statements, that the fi nancial statements comply with International Financial Reporting Standards. AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITY Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the fi nancial report based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. These Auditing Standards require that we comply with relevant ethical requirements relating to audit engagements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the fi nancial report is free from material misstatement. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the fi nancial report. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgement, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the fi nancial report, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation of the fi nancial report that gives a true and fair view in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the eff ectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by the directors, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the fi nancial report. We performed the procedures to assess whether in all material respects the fi nancial report presents fairly, in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001 and Australian Accounting Standards, a true and fair view which is consistent with our understanding of the Company’s and the Group’s fi nancial position and of their performance. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is suffi cient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion. 210 ANZ Annual Report 2011 Financial Information Shareholder Information Glossary of Financial Terms Alphabetical Index 212 220 225 228 ANZ Annual Report 2011 211 Financial Highlights 211 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 2 2011 $m 2010 $m 37,954 (3,479) 34,475 (10,611) 23,864 5,111 1,641 30,616 1,228 5,017 (3,071) 3,174 34,155 (2,840) 31,315 (10,057) 21,258 3,787 1,646 26,691 1,223 6,619 (3,026) 4,816 33,790 31,507 8.5% 10.9% 1.2% 12.1% 8.0% 10.1% 1.8% 11.9% Table 5 279,964 264,242 FINANCIAL INFORMATION 1: Capital Adequacy Qualifying capital Regulatory capital – qualifying capital Tier 1 Shareholders' equity and non-controlling interests Prudential adjustments to shareholders' equity Fundamental Tier 1 capital Deductions Common Equity Tier 1 capital Non-innovative Tier 1 capital instruments Innovative Tier 1 capital instruments Tier 1 capital Tier 2 Upper Tier 2 capital Subordinated notes Deductions Tier 2 capital Total qualifying capital Capital adequacy ratios Common Equity Tier 1 Tier 1 Tier 2 Total Risk weighted assets 212 ANZ Annual Report 2011 1: Capital Adequacy (continued) Table 1: Prudential adjustments to shareholders’ equity Treasury shares attributable to OnePath policyholders Reclassifi cation of preference share capital Accumulated retained profi ts and reserves of insurance, funds management and securitisation entities and associates Deferred fee revenue including fees deferred as part of loan yields Hedging reserve Available-for-sale reserve Dividend not provided for Accrual for Dividend Reinvestment Plans Total Table 2: Deductions from Tier 1 capital Unamortised goodwill & other intangibles (excluding OnePath Australia and OnePath New Zealand) Intangible component of investment in OnePath Australia and OnePath New Zealand1 Capitalised software Capitalised expenses including loan and lease origination fees, capitalised securitisation establishment costs and costs associated with debt raisings Applicable deferred tax assets (excluding the component relating to the general reserve for impairment of fi nancial assets) Mark-to market impact of own credit spread Sub-total Deductions taken 50% from Tier 1 and 50% from Tier 2 Investment in ANZ insurance subsidiaries (excluding OnePath Australia and OnePath New Zealand) Investment in ANZ funds management subsidiaries Investment in OnePath Australia and OnePath New Zealand Investment in other Authorised Deposit Taking Institutions and overseas equivalents Expected losses in excess of eligible provisions (net of tax) Investment in other commercial operations Other deductions Sub-total Total Table 3: Upper Tier 2 capital Perpetual subordinated notes General reserve for impairment of fi nancial assets net of attributable deferred tax asset2 Total 2011 $m 358  (871) (1,686) 414 (169) (126) (1,999) 600  (3,479) (3,027) (2,071) (1,490) (688) (136) (128) (7,540) 50% (200) (29) (906) (1,151) (475) (2) (308) (3,071) (10,611) 962 266  1,228 2010 $m 358 (871) (1,312) 402 (11) (80) (1,895) 569 (2,840) (2,952) (2,043) (1,127) (655) (235) (19) (7,031) 50% (198) (36) (845) (988) (560) (21) (378) (3,026) (10,057) 943 280 1,223 Gross (399) (57) (1,813) (2,302) (951) (4) (617) (6,143) Table 4: Subordinated notes3 For capital adequacy calculation purposes, subordinated note issues are reduced by 20% of the original amount over the last four years to maturity and are limited to 50% of Tier 1 capital. 1 Calculation based on prudential requirements. 2 Under Basel II, this consists of the surplus general reserve for impairment of financial assets net of tax and/or the provisions attributable to the standardised portfolio. 3 The fair value adjustment is excluded for prudential purposes as the prudential standard only permits inclusion of cash received and makes no allowance for hedging. Financial Information 213 FINANCIAL INFORMATION 1: Capital Adequacy (continued) Table 5: Risk weighted assets On balance sheet Commitments Contingents Derivatives Total credit risk Market risk – Traded Market risk – IRRBB Operational risk Total risk weighted assets Table 6: Credit risk weighted assets by Basel asset class Subject to Advanced IRB approach Corporate Sovereign Bank Residential mortgage Qualifying revolving retail (credit cards) Other retail Credit risk weighted assets subject to Advanced IRB approach 2011 $m 183,039 43,041 9,536 13,212 248,828 3,046 8,439 19,651 279,964 106,120 4,365 9,456 41,041 7,468 19,240 187,690 2010 $m 173,035 39,835 10,084 10,563 233,517 5,652 7,690 17,383 264,242 101,940 2,720 6,135 38,708 7,205 17,899 174,607 Credit risk specialised lending exposures subject to slotting criteria 27,757 26,605 Subject to Standardised approach Corporate Residential mortgage Qualifying revolving retail (credit cards) Other retail Credit risk weighted assets subject to Standardised approach Credit risk weighted assets relating to securitisation exposures Credit risk weighted assets relating to equity exposures Other assets Total credit risk weighted assets 22,484 845 2,344 1,650 27,323 1,136 1,399 3,523 20,560 567 2,279 1,396 24,802 2,091 1,577 3,835 248,828 233,517 214 ANZ Annual Report 2011 1: Capital Adequacy (continued) Collective provision Regulatory Expected Loss Sept 2011 $m Sept 2010 $m Sept 2011 $m Sept 2010 $m Table 7: Collective provision and regulatory expected loss by region Australia Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Institutional New Zealand Group Centre Less: Institutional Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Underlying collective provision and regulatory expected loss Adjustments between statutory and underlying Collective provision and regulatory expected loss 1,062 501 1,383 456 40 (269) 3,173 3 3,176 Table 8: Expected loss in excess of eligible provisions Basel expected loss Defaulted Non-defaulted Less: Qualifying collective provision after tax Collective provision Non-qualifying collective provision Standardised collective provision Deferred tax asset Less: Qualifying individual provision after tax Individual provision Standardised individual provision Collective provision on advanced defaulted Gross deduction 50/50 deduction (refer table 2) 1,021 519 1,342 537 – (270) 3,149 4 3,153 2011 $m 1,975 2,286 4,261 (3,176) 375 340 730 (1,731) (1,697) 477 (359) (1,579) 951 475 1,891 148 1,429 904 – (127) 4,245 16 4,261 2010 $m 2,225 2,330 4,555 (3,153) 234 399 725 (1,795) (1,875) 458 (224) (1,641) 1,119 559 1,749 134 1,773 1,002 – (121) 4,537 18 4,555 Movt % -11% -2% -6% 1% 60% -15% 1% -4% -9% 4% 60% -4% -15% -15% The measurement of risk weighted assets is based on: a) a credit risk-based approach whereby risk weightings are applied to balance sheet assets and to credit converted off -balance sheet exposures. Categories of risk weights are assigned based upon the nature of the counterparty and the relative liquidity of the assets concerned; and b) the recognition of risk weighted assets attributable to market risk arising from trading positions. The Basel II Accord principles took eff ect from 1 January 2008. For calculation of minimum capital requirements under Pillar 1 (Capital Requirements) of the Basel II Accord, ANZ has gained accreditation from APRA for use of Advanced Internal Ratings Based (AIRB) methodology for credit risk weighted assets and Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) for operational risk weighted asset equivalent. Financial Information 215 FINANCIAL INFORMATION 2: Average Balance Sheet and Related Interest Averages used in the following tables are predominantly daily averages. Interest income fi gures are presented on a tax-equivalent basis. Impaired loans are included under the interest earning asset category, ‘loans and advances’. Intra-group interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities are treated as external assets and liabilities for the geographic segments. Average balance $m 2,168 655 7,252 32,685 7,212 11,460 2011 Interest $m 101 14 106 1,520 336 192 280,821 73,736 32,831 21,534 4,654 1,426 220 152 113 574 9 30,951 (583) 30,368 4,529 2,235 11,863 2,978 9,072 479,497 (12,050) 467,447 28,506 7,979 3,481 2,163 32,448 26,691 (3,046) (973) (877) 96,372 563,819 397,215 95,486 83,168 575,869 (12,050) 563,819 30.1% Average rate % Average balance $m 2010 Interest $m Average rate % 4.0 2.6 0.7 4.3 4.9 1.9 7.1 6.0 4.7 4.4 5.8 0.9 7.9 0.8 6.1 4.7 2.1 1.5 4.7 4.7 1.7 7.7 6.3 4.3 4.9 6.8 1.0 19.3 0.1 6.5 2,951 717 7,509 34,994 6,716 10,897 117 19 49 1,522 329 209 257,682 76,869 24,056 18,233 4,596 1,123 144 174 93 480 51 27,139 (531) 26,608 3,284 2,980 10,622 6,069 6,638 451,984 (12,707) 439,277 28,580 7,871 3,050 2,163 27,081 22,151 (3,049) (1,114) (676) 86,057 525,334 371,370 98,427 68,244 538,041 (12,707) 525,334 30.5% Interest earning assets Due from other fi nancial institutions Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Trading and available-for-sale assets Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Loans and advances and acceptances Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Other assets Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Intragroup assets Australia Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Intragroup elimination Non-interest earning assets Derivatives Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Premises and equipment Insurance assets Other assets Provisions for credit impairment Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Total average assets Total average assets Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Intragroup elimination % of total average assets attributable to overseas activities 216 ANZ Annual Report 2011 2: Average Balance Sheet and Related Interest (continued) Interest bearing liabilities Time deposits Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Savings deposits Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Other demand deposits Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Due to other fi nancial institutions Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Commercial paper Australia New Zealand Borrowing corporations’ debt Australia New Zealand Loan capital, bonds and notes Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Other liabilities1 Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Intragroup liabilities New Zealand Intragroup elimination 1 Includes foreign exchange swap costs. Average balance $m 2011 Interest $m Average rate % Average balance $m 2010 Interest $m Average rate % 124,080 29,310 46,364 20,109 2,023 5,097 66,053 13,696 6,985 8,312 955 14,726 7,570 3,384 519 1,190 67,517 15,042 39 4,260 141 745 12,050 450,167 (12,050) 438,117 6,863 1,305 549 821 47 23 2,646 379 28 367 22 136 378 111 34 68 4,102 725 – 329 (77) 29 583 19,468 (583) 18,885 5.5 4.5 1.2 4.1 2.3 0.5 4.0 2.8 0.4 4.4 2.3 0.9 5.0 3.3 6.6 5.7 6.1 4.8 0.0 n/a n/a n/a 4.8 4.3 99,969 29,624 43,716 19,458 2,094 2,947 62,864 13,839 3,312 5,399 1,100 10,722 6,925 7,020 1,280 1,101 68,445 14,074 – 15,033 51 427 12,707 422,107 (12,707) 409,400 4,873 1,267 455 660 41 15 2,114 343 15 197 27 103 288 211 80 55 3,514 657 – 799 5 20 531 16,270 (531) 15,739 4.9 4.3 1.0 3.4 2.0 0.5 3.4 2.5 0.5 3.6 2.5 1.0 4.2 3.0 6.3 5.0 5.1 4.7 0.0 n/a n/a n/a 4.2 3.8 Financial Information 217 2011 Average balance $m 2010 Average balance $m 4,947 3,718 2,034 23,290 6,000 (775) 29,285 5,476 15,861 89,836 5,000 3,586 1,780 25,585 5,907 (1,830) 23,855 4,662 14,133 82,678 527,953 492,078 373,021 89,283 77,699 540,003 (12,050) 348,793 92,442 63,550 504,785 (12,707) 527,953 492,078 29.3% 29.1% 34,995 871 35,866 32,385 871 33,256 563,819 525,334 FINANCIAL INFORMATION 2: Average Balance Sheet and Related Interest (continued) Non-interest bearing liabilities Deposits Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Derivative fi nancial instruments Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Insurance liabilities External unitholder liabilities Other liabilities Total average liabilities Total average liabilities Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Intragroup elimination % of total average assets attributable to overseas activities Total average shareholders’ equity Ordinary share capital1 Preference share capital Total average liabilities and shareholders’ equity 1 Includes reserves and retained earnings. 218 ANZ Annual Report 2011 3: Interest Spreads and Net Interest Average Margins Net interest income Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Average interest earning assets Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America less intragroup elimination Gross earnings rate1 Australia New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Group Interest spread and net interest average margin may be analysed as follows: Australia Net interest spread Interest attributable to net non-interest bearing items Net interest margin – Australia New Zealand Net interest spread Interest attributable to net non-interest bearing items Net interest margin – New Zealand Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Net interest spread Interest attributable to net non-interest bearing items Net interest margin – Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America Group Net interest spread Interest attributable to net non-interest bearing items Net interest margin 1 Average interest rate received on average interest earning assets. APEA markets includes intragroup assets. 2011 $m 2010 $m 8,409 1,993 1,081 7,971 1,981 917 11,483 10,869 323,181 83,838 72,478 (12,050) 304,980 87,282 59,722 (12,707) 467,447 439,277 % % 7.41 6.15 2.55 6.50 2.20 0.40 2.60 2.08 0.30 2.38 1.51 (0.02) 1.49 2.19 0.27 2.46 6.72 5.86 2.55 6.06 2.23 0.38 2.61 2.02 0.25 2.27 1.56 (0.02) 1.54 2.21 0.26 2.47 Financial Information 219 Shareholder Information Ordinary Shares At 10 October 2011, the twenty largest holders of ordinary shares held 1,522,899,090 ordinary shares, equal to 57.93% of the total issued ordinary capital. Name 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. HSBC CUSTODY NOMINEES (AUSTRALIA) LIMITED NATIONAL NOMINEES LIMITED J P MORGAN NOMINEES AUSTRALIA LIMITED CITICORP NOMINEES PTY LIMITED CITICORP NOMINEES PTY LIMITED COGENT NOMINEES PTY LIMITED JP MORGAN NOMINEES AUSTRALIA LIMITED RBC DEXIA INVESTOR SERVICES AUSTRALIA NOMINEES PTY LIMITED AMP LIFE LIMITED QUEENSLAND INVESTMENT CORPORATION UBS WEALTH MANAGEMENT AUSTRALIA NOMINEES PTY LTD Total Distribution of shareholdings At 10 October 2011 Range of shares 1 to 1,000 1,001 to 5,000 5,001 to 10,000 10,001 to 100,000 Over 100,000 Total At 10 October 2011: Number of shares % of shares Name 467,156,528 355,961,863 347,499,738 97,828,934 49,104,214 17.77 13.54 13.22 3.72 1.87 38,099,783 28,463,355 1.45 1.08 24,512,112 0.93 24,206,102 13,069,092 12,238,042 0.92 0.50 0.46 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ANZEST PTY LTD COGENT NOMINEES PTY LIMITED AUSTRALIAN FOUNDATION INVESTMENT COMPANY LIMITED AUSTRALIAN REWARD INVESTMENT ALLIANCE ARGO INVESTMENTS LIMITED PERPETUAL TRUSTEE COMPANY LIMITED ANZEST PTY LTD TASMAN ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD NAVIGATOR AUSTRALIA LTD Number of shares % of shares 11,472,251 8,540,532 0.44 0.32 7,774,021 0.30 7,401,221 7,362,600 7,318,117 5,623,667 4,898,884 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.21 0.19 4,368,034 0.17 1,522,899,090 57.93 Number of holders % of holders 232,262 170,748 25,705 13,786 458 52.44 38.55 5.80 3.11 0.10 Number of shares 97,323,288 384,522,709 177,891,072 279,674,274 1,689,627,699 % of shares 3.70 14.62 6.77 10.64 64.27 442,959 100.00 2,629,039,042 100.00 there were no persons with a substantial shareholding in the Company; the average size of holdings of ordinary shares was 5,935 (2010: 6,212) shares; and there were 10,698 holdings (2010: 8,537 holdings) of less than a marketable parcel (less than $500 in value or 24 shares based on the market price of $21.00 per share), which is less than 2.42% of the total holdings of ordinary shares. Voting rights of ordinary shares The Constitution provides for votes to be cast as follows: i) on show of hands, 1 vote for each shareholder; and ii) on a poll, 1 vote for each fully paid ordinary share. A register of holders of ordinary shares is held at: 452 Johnston Street Abbotsford Victoria, Australia (Telephone: +61 3 9415 4010) 220 ANZ Annual Report 2011 ANZ Convertible Preference Shares (ANZ CPS) ANZ CPS1 On 30 September 2008 ANZ issued convertible preference shares (ANZ CPS1) which were off ered pursuant to a prospectus dated 4 September 2008. At 10 October 2011, the twenty largest holders of ANZ CPS1 held 2,419,214 securities, equal to 22.38% of the total issued securities. Name 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. UBS WEALTH MANAGEMENT AUSTRALIA NOMINEES PTY LTD UCA CASH MANAGEMENT FUND LTD NAVIGATOR AUSTRALIA LTD HSBC CUSTODY NOMINEES (AUSTRALIA) LIMITED J P MORGAN NOMINEES AUSTRALIA LIMITED QUESTOR FINANCIAL SERVICES LIMITED NULIS NOMINEES (AUSTRALIA) LIMITED HARMAN NOMINEES PTY LTD NETWEALTH INVESTMENTS LIMITED NATIONAL NOMINEES LIMITED Number of securities % of securities 443,528 4.10 239,791 239,419 234,245 209,691 179,251 118,276 101,696 95,169 2.22 2.21 2.17 1.94 1.66 1.09 0.94 0.88 82,740 0.77 Name 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. COGENT NOMINEES PTY LIMITED RBC DEXIA INVESTOR SERVICES AUSTRALIA NOMINEES PTY LIMITED BALLARD BAY PTY LTD JMB PTY LIMITED SPINETTA PTY LTD MUTUAL TRUST PTY LTD CITICORP NOMINEES PTY LIMITED KOLL PTY LTD ABN AMRO CLEARING SYDNEY NOMINEES PTY LTD AUSTRALIAN EXECUTOR TRUSTEES LIMITED Number of securities % of securities 68,381 59,025 0.63 0.55 50,000 0.46 50,000 45,000 44,056 42,192 40,000 39,504 0.46 0.42 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.37 37,250 0.34 2,419,214 22.38 Total Distribution of ANZ CPS1 holdings At 10 October 2011 Range of securities 1 to 1,000 1,001 to 5,000 5,001 to 10,000 10,001 to 100,000 Over 100,000 Total Number of holders % of holders Number of securities % of securities 15,863 1,123 76 49 8 17,119 92.66 6.56 0.44 0.29 0.05 100.00 4,710,731 2,331,611 632,759 1,371,126 1,765,897 43.57 21.57 5.85 12.68 16.33 10,812,124 100.00 At 10 October 2011: There were 6 holdings (2010: nil) of less than a marketable parcel (less than $500 in value or 6 securities based on the market price of $99.6940 per security), which is less than 0.04% of the total holdings of ANZ CPS1. Voting rights of ANZ CPS1 An ANZ CPS1 does not entitle its holder to vote at any general meeting of ANZ except in the following circumstances: i) on any proposal to reduce ANZ’s share capital, other than a resolution to approve a Redemption of the ANZ CPS1; ii) on a proposal that aff ects the rights attached to the ANZ CPS1; iii) on any resolution to approve the terms of a buy-back agreement, other than a resolution to approve a Redemption of ANZ CPS1; iv) on a proposal to wind up ANZ; v) on a proposal for the disposal of the whole of ANZ’s property, business and undertaking; vi) on any matter during a winding up of ANZ; and vii) on any matter during a period in which a dividend remains unpaid. On a resolution or proposal on which an ANZ CPS1 holder is entitled to vote, the ANZ CPS1 holder has: i) on a show of hands, one vote; and ii) on a poll, one vote for each ANZ CPS1 held. A register of holders of ANZ CPS1 is held at: 452 Johnston Street Abbotsford Victoria, Australia (Telephone: +61 3 9415 4010) Shareholder Information 221 SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION (continued) ANZ CPS2 On 17 December 2009 ANZ issued convertible preference shares (ANZ CPS2) which were off ered pursuant to a prospectus dated 18 November 2009. At 10 October 2011, the twenty largest holders of ANZ CPS2 held 3,342,569 securities, equal to 16.98% of the total issued securities. Name Number of securities % of securities Name 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. UBS WEALTH MANAGEMENT AUSTRALIA NOMINEES PTY LTD J P MORGAN NOMINEES AUSTRALIA LIMITED NAVIGATOR AUSTRALIA LTD QUESTOR FINANCIAL SERVICES LIMITED HSBC CUSTODY NOMINEES (AUSTRALIA) LIMITED RBC DEXIA INVESTOR SERVICES AUSTRALIA NOMINEES PTY LIMITED NULIS NOMINEES (AUSTRALIA) LIMITED WINCHELADA PTY LIMITED AUSTRALIAN EXECUTOR TRUSTEES LIMITED ABN AMRO CLEARING SYDNEY NOMINEES PTY LTD 688,666 3.50 11. 537,886 260,344 227,810 162,631 157,901 2.73 1.32 1.16 0.83 0.80 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 151,001 0.77 17. 134,055 111,525 0.68 0.57 108,564 0.55 18. 19. 20. NETWEALTH INVESTMENTS LIMITED NATIONAL NOMINEES LIMITED JMB PTY LIMITED RONI HUBAY INVESTMENTS PTY LTD RANDAZZO C & G DEVELOPMENTS PTY LTD CITICORP NOMINEES PTY LIMITED AVANTEOS INVESTMENTS LIMITED AVANTEOS INVESTMENTS LIMITED W MITCHELL INVESTMENTS PTY LTD JP MORGAN NOMINEES AUSTRALIA LIMITED Number of securities % of securities 103,853 0.53 103,734 100,600 100,000 78,500 68,000 0.53 0.51 0.51 0.40 0.34 64,374 0.33 63,644 0.32 60,000 0.30 59,481 0.30 Total Distribution of ANZ CPS2 holdings At 10 October 2011 Range of securities 1 to 1,000 1,001 to 5,000 5,001 to 10,000 10,001 to 100,000 Over 100,000 Total 3,342,569 16.98 Number of holders % of holders Number of securities % of securities 26,921 2,146 179 96 13 29,355 91.71 7.31 0.61 0.33 0.04 100.00 8,248,469 4,682,441 1,411,694 2,496,050 2,848,570 41.90 23.78 7.17 12.68 14.47 19,687,224 100.00 At 10 October 2011: There were 7 holdings (2010: 4 holdings) of less than a marketable parcel (less than $500 in value or 5 securities based on the market price of $101.11 per security), which is less than 0.03% of the total holdings of ANZ CPS2. Voting rights of ANZ CPS2 An ANZ CPS2 does not entitle its holder to vote at any general meeting of ANZ except in the following circumstances: i) on any proposal to reduce ANZ’s share capital, other than a resolution to approve a Redemption of the ANZ CPS2; ii) on a proposal that aff ects the rights attached to the ANZ CPS2; iii) on any resolution to approve the terms of a buy-back agreement, other than a resolution to approve a Redemption of ANZ CPS2; iv) on a proposal to wind up ANZ; v) on a proposal for the disposal of the whole of ANZ’s property, business and undertaking; vi) on any matter during a winding up of ANZ; and vii) on any matter during a period in which a dividend remains unpaid. On a resolution or proposal on which an ANZ CPS2 holder is entitled to vote, the ANZ CPS2 holder has: i) on a show of hands, one vote; and ii) on a poll, one vote for each ANZ CPS2 held. A register of holders of ANZ CPS2 is held at: 452 Johnston Street Abbotsford Victoria, Australia (Telephone: +61 3 9415 4010) 222 ANZ Annual Report 2011 ANZ CPS3 On 28 September 2011 ANZ issued convertible preference shares (ANZ CPS3) which were off ered pursuant to a prospectus dated 31 August 2011. At 10 October 2011, the twenty largest holders of ANZ CPS3 held 2,186,028 securities, equal to 16.31% of the total issued securities. Name 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. UBS WEALTH MANAGEMENT AUSTRALIA NOMINEES PTY LTD CITICORP NOMINEES PTY LIMITED RBC DEXIA INVESTOR SERVICES AUSTRALIA NOMINEES PTY LIMITED RAKIO PTY LTD RBC DEXIA INVESTOR SERVICES AUSTRALIA NOMINEES PTY LIMITED QUESTOR FINANCIAL SERVICES LIMITED DIMBULU PTY LTD MICHAEL COPPEL VENTURES P/L HSBC CUSTODY NOMINEES (AUSTRALIA) LIMITED Number of securities % of securities 487,454 3.64 281,120 206,020 200,000 121,180 2.10 1.54 1.49 0.90 115,055 0.86 85,000 80,000 0.64 0.60 73,700 0.55 Name Number of securities % of securities 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. JMB PTY LIMITED EASTCOTE PTY LTD MR TERRENCE E PEABODY + MRS MARY G PEABODY RANDAZZO C&G DEVELOPMENTS PTY LTD RBC DEXIA INVESTOR SERVICES AUSTRALIA NOMINEES PTY LIMITED TANDOM PTY LTD BTPS – WRAP SETTLEMENTS A/C WENTHOR PTY LTD NATIONAL NOMINEES LIMITED MR RONALD MAURICE BUNKER COGENT NOMINEES PTY LIMITED 70,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 46,790 45,000 44,709 40,000 40,000 0.52 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.30 0.30 Total Distribution of ANZ CPS3 holdings At 10 October 2011 Range of securities 1 to 1,000 1,001 to 5,000 5,001 to 10,000 10,001 to 100,000 Over 100,000 Total 2,186,028 16.31 Number of holders % of holders Number of securities % of securities 16,585 1,453 95 90 6 18,229 90.98 7.97 0.52 0.50 0.03 100.00 5,339,963 3,453,638 808,426 2,387,144 1,410,829 39.85 25.77 6.03 17.82 10.53 13,400,000 100.00 At 10 October 2011: There were no holdings of less than a marketable parcel (less than $500 in value or 5 securities based on the market price of $100.05 per security). Voting rights of ANZ CPS3 An ANZ CPS3 does not entitle its holder to vote at any general meeting of ANZ except in the following circumstances: i) on any proposal to reduce ANZ’s share capital, other than a resolution to approve a Redemption of the ANZ CPS3; ii) on a proposal that aff ects the rights attached to the ANZ CPS3; iii) on any resolution to approve the terms of a buy-back agreement, other than a resolution to approve a Redemption of ANZ CPS3; iv) on a proposal to wind up ANZ; v) on a proposal for the disposal of the whole of ANZ’s property, business and undertaking; vi) on any matter during a winding up of ANZ; and vii) on any matter during a period in which a dividend remains unpaid. On a resolution or proposal on which an ANZ CPS3 holder is entitled to vote, the ANZ CPS3 holder has: i) on a show of hands, one vote; and ii) on a poll, one vote for each ANZ CPS3 held. A register of holders of ANZ CPS3 is held at: 452 Johnston Street Abbotsford Victoria, Australia (Telephone: +61 3 9415 4010) Shareholder Information 223 American Depositary Receipts The Group has American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) representing American Depositary Shares (ADSs) that are traded on the over-the counter (OTC) securities market on the Pink Sheets electronic platform operated by Pink Sheets LLC in the United States under the ticker symbol: ANZBY and the CUSIP number: 05258304. With eff ect from 23 July 2008, the ADR ratio changed from one ADS representing fi ve ANZ ordinary shares to one ADS representing one ANZ ordinary share. The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (BNY Mellon) is the Depositary for the Company’s ADR program in the United States. Holders of the Company’s ADRs should deal directly with BNY Mellon on all matters relating to their ADR holdings, by telephone on 1-888-269-2377 (for callers within the US), 1-201-680-6825 (for callers outside the US) or by email to shrrelations@bnymellon.com. SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION (continued) Employee Shareholder Information At the Annual General Meeting in January 1994, shareholders approved an aggregate limit of 7% of all classes of shares and options, which remain subject to the rules of a relevant incentive plan, being held by employees and directors. At 30 September 2011 participants held 1.27% (2010: 1.27%) of the issued shares and options of ANZ under the following incentive plans: ANZ Employee Share Acquisition Plan; ANZ Employee Share Save Scheme; ANZ Share Option Plan; ANZ Directors’ Share Plan; and ANZ Directors’ Retirement Benefi t Plan. Stock Exchange Listings Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited’s ordinary shares are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange and the New Zealand Stock Exchange. The Group’s other stock exchange listings include: Australian Securities Exchange – ANZ Convertible Preference Shares (ANZ CPS1, CPS2 and CPS3) [Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited]; senior and subordinated debt [Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited]; Channel Islands Stock Exchange – Senior debt [ANZ Jackson Funding 2 Limited, ANZ Jackson Funding 3 Limited and ANZ Jackson Funding 4 Limited]; subordinated debt [ANZ Jackson Funding plc]; London Stock Exchange – Non-cumulative mandatory convertible stapled securities (UK Stapled Securities) [Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited]; senior and subordinated debt [Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited]; senior debt [ANZ National (Int’l) Limited]; Luxembourg Stock Exchange – Senior and subordinated debt [Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited]; non-cumulative Trust Securities (Euro Trust Securities) [ANZ Capital Trust III]; New Zealand Stock Exchange – Senior and subordinated debt and perpetual callable subordinated notes [ANZ National Bank Limited]; and Swiss Stock Exchange – Senior debt [Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited and ANZ National (Int’l) Limited]. For more information on the US Trust Securities, Euro Trust Securities, UK Stapled Securities and ANZ CPS please refer to notes 27 and 28 to the Financial Statements. 224 ANZ Annual Report 2011 GLOSSARY AAS – Australian Accounting Standards. Australia AASB – Australian Accounting Standards Board. ADIs – Authorised Deposit-taking Institutions. AFS – Available-for-sale assets. AIFRS – Australian Equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards. Alt-A – Alternative A-paper, US mortgages underwritten with lower or alternative documentation than a full documentation mortgage loan or with higher loan to valuation ratios than mortgages guaranteed by US Government sponsored enterprises. Alt-A mortgages have a stronger risk profi le than sub-prime mortgages. APRA – Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America (APEA) Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America division comprises Retail, Asia Partnerships, Institutional, and Operations & Support which includes the Central Support functions for the division. Retail which provides retail and small business banking services to customers in the Asia Pacifi c region and also includes investment and insurance products and services for Asia Pacifi c customers. Asia Partnerships which is a portfolio of strategic partnerships in Asia. This includes investments in Indonesia with PT Bank Pan Indonesia, in the Philippines with Metrobank Cards Corporation, in China with Bank of Tianjin and Shanghai Rural Commercial Bank, in Malaysia with AMMB Holdings Berhad and in Vietnam with Saigon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint-Stock (Sacombank) and Saigon Securities Incorporation. Operations & Support which includes the central support functions for the division. Institutional Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America matrix reports to the APEA and Institutional divisions and is also referred to in the paragraph below entitled ‘Institutional’. During the September 2010 full year, ANZ acquired selected Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc businesses in Asia. The acquisition of the businesses in Philippines, Vietnam and Hong Kong were completed during the March 2010 half, and the acquisition of the businesses in Taiwan, Singapore and Indonesia during the September 2010 half. The acquisition impacts the Retail and Institutional segments. Australia division comprises Retail, Commercial and Wealth segments, and Operations and Support which includes the central support functions for the division. Retail – Retail Distribution operates the Australian branch network, Australian call centre, specialist businesses (including specialist mortgage sales staff , mortgage broking and franchisees, direct channels (Mortgage Direct and One Direct)) and distribution services including the ANZ Affl uent proposition. – Retail Products is responsible for delivering a range of products including mortgages, cards, unsecured lending, transaction banking, savings and deposits: – Mortgages provide housing fi nance to consumers in Australia for both owner occupied and investment purposes. – Cards and Unsecured Lending provides consumer credit cards, ePayment products, personal loans and ATM facilities in Australia. – Deposits provide transaction banking and savings products, such as term deposits and cash management accounts. Commercial – Esanda provides motor vehicle and equipment fi nance, and investment products. – Regional Commercial Banking provides a full range of banking services to personal customers and to small business and agribusiness customers in rural and regional Australia, and includes the recent acquisition of loans and deposits from Landmark Financial Services. – Business Banking provides a full range of banking services, including risk management, to metropolitan based small to medium sized business clients with a turnover of up to A$50 million. – Small Business Banking provides a full range of banking services for metropolitan-based small businesses in Australia with lending up to A$550,000. Wealth – ANZ Private & Other Wealth specialises in assisting high net worth individuals and families to manage, grow and preserve their family assets. The businesses within ANZ Private & Other Wealth include Private Bank, ANZ Trustees, E*Trade, Investment Lending and Other Wealth. – OnePath Consolidated was formerly the INGA JV entity between ANZ and the ING Groep and is now a wholly owned subsidiary of ANZ. OnePath Consolidated operates as part of ANZ’s wealth business. It provides a comprehensive range of wealth and insurance products available through fi nancial advisers or direct to customers. OnePath Consolidated includes ANZ Financial Planning and ANZ General Insurance. Glossary 225 GLOSSARY (continued) Collective provision is the provision for credit losses that are inherent in the portfolio but not able to be individually identifi ed; presently unidentifi ed impaired assets. A collective provision may only be recognised when a loss event has already occurred. Losses expected as a result of future events, no matter how likely, are not recognised. Credit equivalent represents the calculation of on-balance sheet equivalents for market related items. Customer deposits represent term deposits, other deposits bearing interest, deposits not bearing interest and borrowing corporations debt excluding securitisation deposits. GSO and Corporate Centre is ANZ’s core division responsible for the delivery of ANZ’s information technology solutions and infrastructure, and for ANZ’s back offi ce operations in India, and for the provision of shared services including property, sourcing, accounts payable, environmental sustainability and human resources. IFRS – International Financial Reporting Standards. Impaired assets are those fi nancial assets where doubt exists as to whether the full contractual amount will be received in a timely manner, or where concessional terms have been provided because of the fi nancial diffi culties of the customer. Financial assets are impaired if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of a loss event that occurred prior to the reporting date, and that loss event has had impact, which can be reliably estimated, on the expected future cash fl ows of the individual asset or portfolio of assets. Impaired commitments and contingencies comprises undrawn facilities and contingent facilities where the customer’s status is defi ned as impaired. Impaired loans comprises drawn facilities where the customer’s status is defi ned as impaired. Transaction Banking provides working capital solutions including deposit products, cash transaction banking management, trade fi nance, international payments, and clearing services principally to institutional and corporate customers. Global Markets provides risk management services to corporate and institutional clients globally in relation to foreign exchange, interest rates, credit, commodities, debt capital markets, wealth solutions and equity derivatives. Markets provides origination, underwriting, structuring and risk management services, advice and sale of credit and derivative products globally. Markets also manages the Group’s interest rate risk position and liquidity portfolio. Global Loans provides term loans, working capital facilities and specialist loan structuring. It provides specialist credit analysis, structuring, execution and ongoing monitoring of strategically signifi cant customer transactions, including project and structured fi nance, debt structuring and acquisition fi nance, loan product structuring and management, structured asset and export fi nance. Relationship and infrastructure includes client relationship management teams for global institutional and fi nancial institution and corporate customers in Australia and Asia, corporate advisory and central support functions. The relationship management costs are allocated to the product lines. Liquid assets are cash and cash equivalent assets. Cash equivalent assets are highly liquid investments with short periods to maturity, are readily convertible to cash at ANZ’s option and are subject to an insignifi cant risk of changes in value. Net advances include gross loans and advances and acceptances and capitalised brokerage/mortgage origination fees, less unearned income and allowance for credit impairment. Income includes external interest income and other external operating income. Net interest average margin is net interest income as a percentage of average interest earning assets. Individual provision charge is the amount of expected credit losses on those fi nancial instruments assessed for impairment on an individual basis (as opposed to on a collective basis). It takes into account expected cash fl ow over the lives of those fi nancial instruments. Institutional Institutional provides global fi nancial services to government, corporate and institutional clients with a focus on solutions for clients with complex fi nancial needs, based on a deep understanding of their businesses and industries, with particular expertise in natural resources, agriculture and infrastructure. Institutional delivers transaction banking, specialised and relationship lending and markets solutions in Australia, New Zealand, Asia Pacifi c, Europe and America. Net interest spread is the average interest rate received on interest earning assets less the average interest rate paid on interest bearing liabilities. Non-assessable interest income is grossed up to the equivalent before tax amount for the purpose of these calculations. Net non-interest bearing items, which are referred to in the analysis of interest spread and net interest average margin, includes shareholders’ equity, impairment of loans and advances, deposits not bearing interest and other liabilities not bearing interest, off set by premises and equipment and other non-interest earning assets. Non-performing loans are included within interest bearing loans, advances and bills discounted. Net tangible assets equals share capital and reserves attributable to shareholders of the Group less preference share capital and unamortised intangible assets (including goodwill and software). 226 ANZ Annual Report 2011 New Zealand New Zealand comprises Retail, Commercial and Wealth segments, and Operations and Support which includes the central support functions (including Treasury funding). Retail – Provides a full range of banking services to personal customers under the ANZ and National Bank brands in New Zealand. Commercial – Commercial & Agri incorporates the ANZ and National Bank brands and provides fi nancial solutions through a relationship management model for medium-sized businesses, including agri-business, with a turnover of up to NZ$150 million. Asset Finance (including motor vehicle and equipment fi nance), operating leases and investment products are provided under the UDC brand. – Business Banking provides a full range of banking services to small enterprises, typically with turnover of less than NZ$5 million. Wealth – Private Banking includes private banking operations under the ANZ and National Bank brands. – OnePath New Zealand (formerly ING NZ) manufactures and distributes investment and insurance products and provides related advice. It was formerly a joint venture between ANZ and ING whereby ANZ owned 49% of OnePath NZ and received proportional equity accounted earnings. ANZ acquired the remaining 51% interest to take full ownership during the 2010 fi nancial year. Non-core items are disclosed separately in the income statement to remove volatility from the underlying business result, and include signifi cant items, and non-core income arising from the use of derivatives in economic hedges on fair value through profi t and loss. Operating expenses exclude the provision for impairment of loans and advances charge. Operating income includes net interest and other operating income. Overseas includes the results of all operations outside Australia, except if New Zealand is separately shown. Overseas Markets (also known as Asia Pacifi c, Europe & America) includes all operations outside of Australia and New Zealand. Return on asset ratio include net intra group assets. Repo discount is a discount applicable on the repurchase by a central bank of an eligible security pursuant to a repurchase agreement. Restructured items comprise of facilities in which the original contractual terms have been modifi ed for reasons related to the fi nancial diffi culties of the customer. Restructuring may consists of reduction of interest, principal or other payments legally due or an extension in maturity materially beyond those typically off ered to new facilities with similar risk. Revenue includes net interest income and other operating income. Segment result represents profi t before income tax expense. Segment revenue includes net interest income and other operating income. Signifi cant items are items that have a substantial impact on profi t after tax, or the earnings used in the earnings per share calculation. Signifi cant items also do not arise in the normal course of business and are infrequent in nature. Divestments are typically defi ned as signifi cant items. Sub-prime represents mortgages granted to borrowers with a poor or limited credit history. Sub-prime loans carry higher interest rates to compensate for potential losses from default. Sub-standard assets are customers that have demonstrated some operational and fi nancial instability, with variablility and uncertainty in profi tability and liquidity projected to continue over the short and possibly medium term. Total advances include gross loans and advances and acceptances less unearned income (for both as at and average volumes). Loans and advances classifi ed as available-for-sale are excluded from total advances. Underlying profi t represents the directors’ assessment of the profi t for the ongoing business activities of the Group, and is based on guidelines published by the Australian Institute of Company Directors (AICD) and the Financial Services Institute of Australasia (FINSIA). ANZ applies this guidance by adjusting statutory profi t for non-core items that are not part of the normal ongoing operations of the Group including one-off gains and losses, gains and losses on the sale of businesses, non-continuing businesses, timing diff erences on economic hedges, and acquisition related costs. The adjustments made in arriving at underlying earnings are included in statutory profi t, and are therefore subject to audit within the context of the Group statutory audit opinion. The external auditor has informed the Audit Committee that the adjustments are based on the guidelines released by the AICD and FINSIA, and consistent with prior periods. Glossary 227 ALPHABETICAL INDEX NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Assets Charged as Security for Liabilities and Collateral Accepted as Security for Assets Associates Available-for-sale Assets Average Balance Sheet and Related Interest Balance Sheet Bonds and Notes Capital Adequacy Capital Management Cash Flow Statement Chairman’s Report Chief Executive Offi cer’s Report Commitments Compensation of Auditors Controlled Entities Corporate Governance Statement Credit Related Commitments, Guarantees, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets Critical Estimates and Judgements Used in Applying Accounting Policies Current Income Tax Expense Deposits and Other Borrowings Derivative Financial Instruments Directors’ Declaration Directors’ Report Dividends Due from Other Financial Institutions Earnings per Ordinary Share Employee Share and Option Plans Events Since the End of the Financial Year Exchange Rates Expenses Fair Value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Fiduciary Activities Financial Information Financial Statements Financial Risk Management Five Year Summary Glossary Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Impaired Financial Assets Income Statements Income Tax Liabilities Income Independent Auditor’s Report Interest Spreads and Net Interest Average Margins Interests in Joint Venture Entities Key Management Personnel Disclosures Life Insurance Business Liquid Assets Loan Capital Maturity Analysis of Assets and Liabilities Net Loans and Advances Non-controlling Interests Notes to the Cash Flow Statements Notes to the Financial Statements Other Assets Payables and Other Liabilities Premises and Equipment Provision for Credit Impairment Provisions Remuneration Report Reserves and Retained Earnings Review of Operations Securitisations Segment Analysis Share Capital Shareholder Information Shares in Controlled Entities and Associates Signifi cant Accounting Policies Statement of Changes in Equity Statement of Comprehensive Income Superannuation and Other Post Employment Benefi t Schemes Tax Assets Trading Securities Transactions with Other Related Parties 141 184 119 216 88 130 212 138 89 6 8 186 108 183 46 187 103 109 128 113 209 10 110 112 111 196 208 208 107 167 185 212 86 142 84 225 126 121 86 129 106 210 217 184 200 203 112 131 177 120 137 181 92 127 129 127 121 130 15 136 65 185 178 134 220 124 92 90 87 191 125 112 203 228 ANZ Annual Report 2011 HANDY CONTACTS SHARE REGISTRAR OUR INTERNATIONAL PRESENCE Australia New Zealand Asia – Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam Pacifi c – American Samoa, Cook Islands, East Timor, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu Europe Middle East United Kingdom United States of America INVESTOR RELATIONS AUSTRALIA Level 9, 833 Collins Street Docklands VIC 3008 Australia Telephone +61 3 8654 7682 Facsimile +61 3 8654 9977 Email: investor.relations@anz.com Website: shareholder.anz.com Group General Manager Investor Relations: Jill Craig REGISTERED OFFICE ANZ Centre Melbourne Level 9, 833 Collins Street Docklands VIC 3008 Australia Telephone +61 3 9273 5555 Facsimile +61 3 8542 5252 Company Secretary: John Priestley CORPORATE AFFAIRS / CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY Level 9, 833 Collins Street Docklands VIC 3008 Australia Telephone +61 3 8654 3276 Facsimile +61 3 8654 9911 Group General Manager Corporate Aff airs: Gerard Brown Computershare Investor Services Pty Ltd GPO Box 2975 Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia Telephone 1800 11 33 99 (Within Australia) +61 3 9415 4010 (International Callers) Facsimile +61 3 9473 2500 anzshareregistry@computershare.com.au NEW ZEALAND Private Bag 92119 Auckland 1142 New Zealand Telephone 0800 174 007 Facsimile +64 9 488 8787 UNITED KINGDOM The Pavilions Bridgwater Road Bristol BS99 6ZZ United Kingdom Telephone +44 870 702 0000 Facsimile +44 870 703 6101 UNITED STATES The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation Shareowner Services BNY Mellon Shareowner Services P.O. Box 358516 Pittsburgh, PA 15252-8516 Callers outside USA: +1-201-680-6825 Callers within USA: 1-888-269-2377 IMPORTANT DATES FOR SHAREHOLDERS* DATE 2 MAY 2012 10 MAY 2012 16 MAY 2012 2 JULY 2012 25 OCTOBER 2012 8 NOVEMBER 2012 14 NOVEMBER 2012 19 DECEMBER 2012 19 DECEMBER 2012 EVENT Interim Results Announcement Interim Dividend Ex-Date Interim Dividend Record Date Interim Dividend Payment Date Annual Results Announcement Final Dividend Ex-Date Final Dividend Record Date Final Dividend Payment Date Annual General Meeting * If there are any changes to these dates, the Australian Securities Exchange will be notifi ed accordingly. D e s i g n a n d p r o d u c t i o n . e r d n e t . a u anz.com Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited ABN 11 005 357 522

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